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1112:
673:
652:
1127:
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538:
1172:, the octave is the simplest interval in music. The human ear tends to hear both notes as being essentially "the same", due to closely related harmonics. Notes separated by an octave "ring" together, adding a pleasing sound to music. The interval is so natural to humans that when men and women are asked to sing in unison, they typically sing in octave.
1225:, describe tunings for seven of the strings, with indications to tune the remaining two strings an octave from two of the seven tuned strings. Leon Crickmore recently proposed that "The octave may not have been thought of as a unit in its own right, but rather by analogy like the first day of a new seven-day week".
943:
40:
963:
1191:
are uniquely defined by specifying the intervals within an octave". The conceptualization of pitch as having two dimensions, pitch height (absolute frequency) and pitch class (relative position within the octave), inherently include octave circularity. Thus all
1346:
188:
of vibration of the other. The octave relationship is a natural phenomenon that has been referred to as the "basic miracle of music", the use of which is "common in most musical systems". The interval between the first and second harmonics of the
467:
292:, the note one octave above is at 880 Hz, and the note one octave below is at 220 Hz. The ratio of frequencies of two notes an octave apart is therefore 2:1. Further octaves of a note occur at
475:
1385:
323:
is an integer), such as 2, 4, 8, 16, etc. and the reciprocal of that series. For example, 55 Hz and 440 Hz are one and two octaves away from 110 Hz because they are
571:
While octaves commonly refer to the perfect octave (P8), the interval of an octave in music theory encompasses chromatic alterations within the pitch class, meaning that G
1080:, meaning "with the octave", i.e. to play the notes in the passage together with the notes in the notated octaves. Any of these directions can be cancelled with the word
636:, organ pipe, and MIDI note systems. In scientific pitch notation, a specific octave is indicated by a numerical subscript number after note name. In this notation,
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364:
510:
391:
317:
1236:. Studies have also shown the perception of octave equivalence in rats, human infants, and musicians but not starlings, 4–9-year-old children, or non-musicians.
402:
615:
respectively), but these categories of octaves must be acknowledged in any full understanding of the role and meaning of octaves more generally in music.
1484:
1454:
1369:
2460:
1746:
1607:
ICONEA 2008: Proceedings of the
International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology, Held at the British Museum, December 4–6, 2008
1724:
Blackwell, H. R., & H. Schlosberg. 1943. "Octave
Generalization, Pitch Discrimination, and Loudness Thresholds in the White Rat".
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1584:
530:
are written so that they begin and end on notes that are an octave apart. For example, the C major scale is typically written
1467:
1340:
1330:
1228:
Monkeys experience octave equivalence, and its biological basis apparently is an octave mapping of neurons in the auditory
644:, because of the note's position as the fourth C key on a standard 88-key piano keyboard, while the C an octave higher is C
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1803:
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Octave equivalence is a part of most advanced musical cultures, but is far from universal in "primitive" and
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1757:
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2232:
1503:
When you ask men and women to sing in unison, what typically happens is they actually sing an octave apart.
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1221:
tablets that collectively describe the tuning of a nine-stringed instrument, believed to be a
Babylonian
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39:
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than two notes in different octaves) in the chord. The word is also used to describe melodies played in
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2364:
2072:
1744:
Demany, Laurent, and Françoise Armand. 1984. "The
Perceptual Reality of Tone Chroma in Early Infancy".
1925:
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Because of octave equivalence, notes in a chord that are one or more octaves apart are said to be
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For this reason, notes an octave apart are given the same note name in the
Western system of
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for the octave in the direction indicated by placing this mark above or below the staff.
198:
1335:(First published as a Norton paperback. ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. p. 163.
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2055:
1789:
1251:
462:{\displaystyle {\text{Number of octaves}}=\log _{2}\left({\frac {f_{2}}{f_{1}}}\right)}
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2006:
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s (or all 1s, if C = 0), any number of octaves apart, are part of the same
1160:
600:
1209:. The languages in which the oldest extant written documents on tuning are written,
504:
C5, an octave above middle C. The frequency is twice that of middle C (523 Hz).
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2400:
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2192:
2165:
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1976:
1970:
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1735:
Cynx, Jeffrey. 1996. "Neuroethological
Studies on How Birds Discriminate Song". In
1715:
Allen, David. 1967. "Octave
Discriminability of Musical and Non-Musical Subjects".
1275:
1257:
1148:
1012:
584:
516:
C3, an octave below middle C. The frequency is half that of middle C (131 Hz).
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277:
253:
241:
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194:
181:
947:
Example of the same three notes expressed in three ways: (1) regularly, (2) in an
628:
Octaves are identified with various naming systems. Among the most common are the
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2110:
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1994:
1982:
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1283: – Fixed series of tones that appear to ascend or descend endlessly in pitch
1084:, but often a dashed line or bracket indicates the extent of the music affected.
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143:
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603:(d8). The use of such intervals is rare, as there is frequently a preferable
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281:
221:
1272: – Classification of musical key or scale in ancient Greek music theory
1031:(when placed under rather than over the staff), though the similar notation
2849:
2793:
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2176:
1933:
1896:
1739:, edited by C. F. Moss and S. J. Shuttleworth, 63. Boulder: Westview Press.
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1245:
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229:
126:
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1945:
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1908:
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1217:, have no known word for "octave". However, it is believed that a set of
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1199:
988:
608:
489:
202:
27:
Interval between one musical pitch and another with double its frequency
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The number of octaves between two frequencies is given by the formula:
228:
are also possible, though rare. The octave above or below an indicated
1772:
1641:
1303:
1183:, the assumption that pitches one or more octaves apart are musically
2612:
2116:
1776:
1332:
How equal temperament ruined harmony : (and why you should care)
1218:
1045:
185:
1015:
word for octave (or "eighth"); the octave above may be specified as
651:
2751:
2644:
2092:
1840:
1605:
Leon
Crickmore (2008). "New Light on the Babylonian Tonal System".
1229:
637:
197:, notes separated by an octave (or multiple octaves) have the same
96:
568:
one or more octaves apart (see example under
Equivalence, below).
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2638:
2624:
2043:
1988:
1179:—the name of a note an octave above A is also A. This is called
2707:
2684:
2592:
2586:
1859:
1653:
1400:
Perspectives in Music Theory: An
Historical-Analytical Approach
1169:
534:(shown below), the initial and final Cs being an octave apart.
213:
63:
1444:
Prout, Ebenezer & Fallows, David (2001). "All'ottava". In
1421:"Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words"
2080:
1520:
Burns, Edward M. (1999). "Intervals, Scales, and Tuning". In
1233:
289:
155:
1781:
1561:
e.g., Nettl, 1956; Sachs, C. and Kunst, J. (1962). Cited in
1367:
1755:
Sergeant, Desmond. 1983. "The Octave: Percept or Concept?"
1222:
1723:
1647:
1151:. The melody is paralleled in three ways: (1) in octaves (
1625:
The mechanism of octave circularity in the auditory brain
1132:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
1117:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
1102:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
1027:
is used to tell the musician to play a passage an octave
543:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
1528:(2nd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press. p. 252.
1254: – Unit for measuring ratios on a logarithmic scale
184:
between (and including) two notes, one having twice the
288:. For example, if one note has a frequency of 440
1548:
e.g., Nettl, 1956; Sachs, C. and Kunst, J. (1962). In
991:, meaning "play this an octave higher than written" (
405:
372:
342:
298:
1692:
1670:
1668:
1143:
Demonstration of octave equivalence. The melody to "
1743:
1737:
Neuroethology of Cognitive and Perceptual Processes
1659:
1248: – Music composition and performance technique
1053:) means "play two octaves higher than written" and
1159:(fairly consonant but not equivalent); and (3) in
461:
385:
358:
311:
1665:
2867:
1680:
1455:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1061:) means "play two octaves lower than written."
655:An 88-key piano, with the octaves numbered and
1604:
1187:in many ways, leading to the convention "that
488:(262 Hz). (Scale: 1 square is equal to 1
2767:
1797:
1577:"Flutes of Gilgamesh and Ancient Mesopotamia"
271:
1747:Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
1443:
1368:William Smith & Samuel Cheetham (1875).
1266: – Frequency band that spans one octave
1568:
1552:, ed. Kunst, J. The Hague: Marinus Nijhoff.
180:) is a series of eight notes occupying the
2774:
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2738:
1804:
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650:
319:times the frequency of that note (where
1515:
1513:
1511:
14:
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2162:
1328:
224:), the octave is designated P8. Other
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1785:
1714:
1674:
1562:
1519:
1371:A Dictionary of Christian Antiquities
1317:
393:) times the frequency, respectively.
2781:
1734:
1686:
1508:
1349:from the original on 5 December 2017
623:
284:and another with double or half its
1163:(neither consonant nor equivalent).
208:To emphasize that it is one of the
24:
1727:Journal of Experimental Psychology
1260: – Standard pitch designation
25:
2907:
1766:
2737:
1388:from the original on 2016-04-30.
607:-equivalent notation available (
509:
497:
474:
1648:Blackwell & Schlosberg 1943
1617:
1598:
1587:from the original on 2012-06-28
1300: – Musical keyboard layout
521:
44:A perfect octave between two Cs
1555:
1542:
1477:
1437:
1413:
1392:
1361:
1087:
13:
1:
1811:
1310:
1306: – Music teaching method
1145:Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star
1129:
1114:
1099:
583:(13 semitones higher) is an
540:
7:
2359:septimal chromatic semitone
1239:
1043:) is also used. Similarly,
618:
599:(11 semitones higher) is a
10:
2912:
2365:septimal diatonic semitone
2153:(Numbers in brackets refer
671:
272:Explanation and definition
29:
2886:Superparticular intervals
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2735:
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2660:
2549:
2519:
2489:
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2437:
2410:
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2320:
2155:to fractional semitones.)
2148:24-tone equal temperament
2145:
2134:
2071:
2016:
1961:
1924:
1887:
1852:
1819:
232:is sometimes abbreviated
193:is an octave. In Western
142:
134:12-Tone equal temperament
132:
125:
115:
105:
95:
90:
82:
74:
69:
57:
1660:Demany & Armand 1984
1550:The Wellsprings of Music
1494:. Event occurs at 12:50
1458:(2nd ed.). London:
1329:Duffin, Ross W. (2008).
1294: – Musical interval
1155:and equivalent); (2) in
2743:List of pitch intervals
2481:Subminor and supermajor
2420:minor diatonic semitone
2330:refer to pitch ratios.)
1526:The Psychology of Music
1374:. London: John Murray.
1134:download the audio file
1119:download the audio file
1104:download the audio file
545:download the audio file
32:Octave (disambiguation)
2804:Close and open harmony
2541:Undecimal quarter tone
951:bracket, and (3) in a
664:
463:
387:
360:
359:{\displaystyle 2^{-1}}
313:
257:
245:
174:(sometimes called the
167:
2536:Septimal quarter tone
2347:septimal quarter tone
1636:Neuroscience of Music
1398:Cooper, Paul (1973).
995:: "at the octave" or
987:is sometimes seen in
967:Similar example with
654:
464:
388:
386:{\displaystyle 2^{2}}
361:
314:
312:{\displaystyle 2^{n}}
2723:Incomposite interval
2476:Pythagorean interval
2328:(Numbers in brackets
1836:(Numbers in brackets
1773:Anatomy of an Octave
1460:Macmillan Publishers
1292:Pythagorean interval
663:(yellow) highlighted
403:
370:
340:
296:
280:between one musical
201:and are of the same
30:For other uses, see
2506:Pythagorean apotome
2353:septimal third tone
1758:Psychology of Music
1717:Psychonomic Science
1575:Clint Goss (2012).
560:(even if there are
54:
2619:Septimal semicomma
1630:2010-04-01 at the
1181:octave equivalence
1064:The abbreviations
1059:quindicesima bassa
665:
459:
383:
356:
309:
226:interval qualities
52:
2881:Perfect intervals
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2862:
2749:
2748:
2731:
2730:
2561:Pythagorean comma
2501:Pythagorean limma
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2395:supermajor fourth
2371:supermajor second
2316:
2315:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2125:
1838:are the number of
1469:978-1-56159-239-5
1342:978-0-393-33420-3
1281:Pitch circularity
1232:of the mammalian
1138:
1123:
1108:
925:
924:
850:
845:
624:Octave of a pitch
601:diminished octave
549:
453:
409:
408:Number of octaves
276:An octave is the
260:, sometimes also
210:perfect intervals
152:
151:
16:(Redirected from
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2783:Voicing in music
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2769:
2762:
2753:
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2741:
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2631:Septimal kleisma
2444:
2443:
2401:subminor seventh
2383:supermajor third
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2334:
2323:Just intonations
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1276:One-third octave
1258:Eight-foot pitch
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1149:parallel harmony
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659:(turquoise) and
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585:Augmented octave
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49:Musical interval
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532:C D E F G A B C
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191:harmonic series
144:Just intonation
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42:
41:
35:
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2896:Units of level
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2602:
2596:
2593:Greater diesis
2590:
2583:
2582:
2579:Septimal comma
2576:
2573:Holdrian comma
2570:
2567:Syntonic comma
2564:
2557:
2555:
2547:
2546:
2544:
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2517:
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2426:
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2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2389:subminor fifth
2386:
2380:
2377:subminor third
2374:
2368:
2362:
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2014:
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2011:
2010:
2004:
1998:
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1986:
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1967:
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1767:External links
1765:
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1732:
1721:
1704:
1703:
1691:
1679:
1664:
1652:
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1597:
1567:
1565:, p. 217.
1554:
1541:
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1507:
1476:
1468:
1446:Sadie, Stanley
1436:
1425:Dictionary.com
1412:
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1270:Octave species
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1177:music notation
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605:enharmonically
542:
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528:musical scales
523:
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218:perfect fourth
195:music notation
172:perfect octave
150:
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107:Interval class
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67:
66:
61:
53:Perfect octave
48:
43:
38:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2908:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2891:Musical notes
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2856:
2855:Voice leading
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2819:Root position
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2744:
2734:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2587:Lesser diesis
2585:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2522:Quarter tones
2518:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2471:Pseudo-octave
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2436:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2399:
2396:
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2387:
2384:
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2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
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2344:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2294:
2291:
2274:
2271:
2254:
2251:
2234:
2231:
2214:
2211:
2194:
2191:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2133:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
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1890:
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1867:
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1857:
1855:
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1833:
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1824:
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1738:
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1718:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1700:
1699:Sergeant 1983
1695:
1688:
1683:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1661:
1656:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1558:
1551:
1545:
1537:
1535:0-12-213564-4
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:Diana Deutsch
1516:
1514:
1512:
1504:
1493:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1450:Tyrrell, John
1447:
1440:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1409:
1408:0-396-06752-2
1405:
1401:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1381:9780790582290
1377:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1287:Pseudo-octave
1285:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1135:
1120:
1105:
1092:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:). Sometimes
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
979:The notation
974:
970:
954:
950:
936:
932:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
847:
842:
840:
837:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
798:
795:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
749:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
683:
681:
678:
677:
670:
667:
666:
662:
658:
653:
649:
639:
635:
631:
616:
614:
613:major seventh
610:
606:
602:
586:
569:
567:
563:
559:
558:
546:
535:
529:
512:
507:
500:
495:
491:
487:
483:
477:
472:
471:
455:
448:
444:
438:
434:
428:
424:
419:
415:
411:
399:
398:
397:
394:
378:
374:
351:
348:
344:
322:
304:
300:
291:
287:
283:
279:
269:
267:
264:), or simply
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:perfect fifth
219:
215:
211:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
187:
183:
179:
178:
173:
170:: eighth) or
169:
165:
161:
157:
147:
145:
141:
137:
135:
131:
128:
124:
120:
118:
117:Just interval
114:
110:
108:
104:
100:
98:
94:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
68:
65:
62:
60:
56:
33:
19:
2844:
2794:Blind octave
2694:
2661:
2647:(0.72 cents)
2641:(1.95 cents)
2621:(13.8 cents)
2615:(10.1 cents)
2609:(19.5 cents)
2601:(35.7 cents)
2595:(62.6 cents)
2589:(41.1 cents)
2581:(27.3 cents)
2575:(22.6 cents)
2569:(21.5 cents)
2563:(23.5 cents)
2550:
2531:Quarter tone
2521:
2520:
2491:
2490:
2447:
2412:Higher-limit
2327:
2321:
2233:major fourth
2177:quarter tone
2152:
2146:
1877:
1835:
1756:
1745:
1736:
1725:
1716:
1708:
1707:
1694:
1682:
1655:
1643:
1635:
1619:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1589:. Retrieved
1580:
1570:
1557:
1549:
1544:
1525:
1502:
1496:. Retrieved
1488:
1479:
1453:
1439:
1428:. Retrieved
1424:
1415:
1399:
1394:
1370:
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1331:
1298:Short octave
1246:Blind octave
1227:
1204:
1180:
1174:
1167:
1091:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1051:quindicesima
1050:
1044:
1041:ottava sotto
1040:
1037:ottava bassa
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1021:ottava sopra
1020:
1016:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
984:
980:
978:
972:
968:
952:
948:
934:
930:
884:
838:
796:
754:
679:
627:
570:
561:
555:
553:
525:
522:Music theory
395:
366:) and 4 (or
320:
275:
265:
261:
249:
237:
233:
207:
176:
171:
159:
153:
83:Abbreviation
2841:inversions)
2809:Common tone
2799:Block chord
2680:Millioctave
2662:Measurement
2653:(0.4 cents)
2633:(7.7 cents)
2627:(8.1 cents)
2511:Major limma
2253:minor fifth
1730:33:407–419.
1264:Octave band
1207:early music
1200:pitch class
1088:Equivalence
1078:coll'ottava
1017:ottava alta
1007:stands for
993:all' ottava
989:sheet music
931:Ottava alta
609:minor ninth
587:(A8), and G
490:millisecond
482:Oscillogram
212:(including
203:pitch class
75:Other names
2870:Categories
2713:Semiditone
2607:Diaschisma
2422:(17-limit)
2113:(22 or 23)
2111:fourteenth
2107:(20 or 21)
2105:thirteenth
2101:(18 or 19)
2095:(17 or 18)
2089:(15 or 16)
2083:(13 or 14)
2018:Diminished
1845:interval.)
1826:(post-Bach
1675:Allen 1967
1591:2012-01-08
1581:Flutopedia
1563:Burns 1999
1498:2018-11-01
1430:2024-01-24
1311:References
1185:equivalent
1168:After the
1076:stand for
849:Sub Contra
844:Dbl Contra
680:Scientific
630:scientific
246:all'ottava
2823:Inversion
2675:Centitone
2613:Semicomma
2492:Semitones
2456:Microtone
2440:intervals
2117:fifteenth
1963:Augmented
1841:semitones
1813:Intervals
1777:Kyle Gann
1750:76:57–66.
1719:7:421–22.
1687:Cynx 1993
1492:Explained
1402:, p. 16.
1219:cuneiform
1153:consonant
885:MIDI Note
755:Helmholtz
634:Helmholtz
425:
349:−
286:frequency
186:frequency
97:Semitones
2814:Doubling
2645:Breedsma
2093:eleventh
2073:Compound
1828:Western)
1823:semitone
1628:Archived
1613:: 11–22.
1585:Archived
1452:(eds.).
1386:Archived
1347:Archived
1240:See also
1230:thalamus
1215:Akkadian
1211:Sumerian
1195:♯
807:16 Foot
804:32 Foot
801:64 Foot
789:c''''''
657:Middle C
638:middle C
619:Notation
596:♭
590:♮
580:♯
574:♮
566:parallel
486:middle C
278:interval
182:interval
177:diapason
2876:Octaves
2651:Ragisma
2639:Schisma
2625:Kleisma
2461:5-limit
2367:(15:14)
2361:(21:20)
2355:(28:27)
2349:(36:35)
2339:7-limit
2304:⁄
2293:seventh
2284:⁄
2264:⁄
2244:⁄
2224:⁄
2204:⁄
2184:⁄
2166:Neutral
2139:systems
2099:twelfth
2056:seventh
2007:seventh
1952:seventh
1915:seventh
1853:Perfect
1821:Twelve-
1709:Sources
1524:(ed.).
1485:"Music"
1353:28 June
1304:Solfège
1161:seconds
1147:" with
1070:coll' 8
1013:Italian
955:bracket
877:6 Line
874:5 Line
871:4 Line
868:3 Line
865:2 Line
862:1 Line
853:Contra
831:6 Line
828:5 Line
825:4 Line
822:3 Line
819:1 Foot
816:2 Foot
813:4 Foot
810:8 Foot
786:c'''''
557:doubled
331:⁄
254:Italian
250:8 bassa
242:Italian
168:octavus
59:Inverse
18:Octaves
2845:Octave
2839:higher
2837:, and
2708:Ditone
2695:Others
2685:Savart
2552:Commas
2448:Groups
2397:(10:7)
2193:second
2137:tuning
2062:octave
2038:fourth
2026:second
1989:fourth
1977:second
1971:unison
1934:second
1897:second
1878:octave
1866:fourth
1860:unison
1843:in the
1532:
1466:
1448:&
1406:
1378:
1339:
1252:Decade
1189:scales
1170:unison
1157:fifths
1072:, and
1011:, the
1009:ottava
997:all' 8
859:Small
856:Great
783:c''''
220:, and
214:unison
160:octave
64:unison
2850:Voice
2718:Secor
2466:Comma
2438:Other
2403:(7:4)
2391:(7:5)
2385:(9:7)
2379:(7:6)
2373:(8:7)
2273:sixth
2213:third
2135:Other
2087:tenth
2081:ninth
2050:sixth
2044:fifth
2032:third
2001:sixth
1995:fifth
1983:third
1946:sixth
1940:third
1926:Minor
1909:sixth
1903:third
1889:Major
1872:fifth
1234:brain
1066:col 8
1029:lower
935:bassa
797:Organ
780:c'''
759:C,,,
526:Most
282:pitch
164:Latin
158:, an
156:music
127:Cents
2821:and
2703:Wolf
2670:Cent
2119:(24)
2064:(11)
2009:(12)
2003:(10)
1954:(10)
1917:(11)
1880:(12)
1530:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1404:ISBN
1376:ISBN
1355:2017
1337:ISBN
1223:lyre
1213:and
1082:loco
1074:c. 8
971:and
933:and
919:120
916:108
839:Name
777:c''
762:C,,
661:A440
640:is C
611:and
593:to G
577:to G
562:more
336:(or
230:note
199:name
148:1200
138:1200
91:Size
70:Name
2835:3rd
2831:2nd
2827:1st
2058:(9)
2052:(7)
2046:(6)
2040:(4)
2034:(2)
2028:(0)
1997:(8)
1991:(6)
1985:(5)
1979:(3)
1973:(1)
1948:(8)
1942:(3)
1936:(1)
1911:(9)
1905:(4)
1899:(2)
1874:(7)
1868:(5)
1862:(0)
1775:by
1634:",
1490:Vox
1039:or
1019:or
1003:or
999:).
983:or
913:96
910:84
907:72
904:60
901:48
898:36
895:24
892:12
774:c'
765:C,
484:of
416:log
248:),
236:or
154:In
121:2:1
2872::
2833:,
2829:,
2297:10
1667:^
1611:24
1609:.
1583:.
1579:.
1510:^
1501:.
1487:.
1462:.
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