Odesa - Knowledge

4699: 2319: 5272: 13120: 13187: 4726: 5829: 6010: 5605: 4356: 1331: 2491: 1747: 5706: 1260: 1519: 4600:, the Neapolitan-born founder of Odesa and decorated Russian Navy Admiral from the Russo-Turkish War, is famous by its unique character and architecture. During the summer it is common to find large crowds of people leisurely sitting and talking on the outdoor terraces of numerous cafés, bars and restaurants, or simply enjoying a walk along the cobblestone street, which is not open to vehicular traffic and is kept shaded by the linden trees which line its route. A similar streetscape can also be found in that of Prymorsky Bulvar, a grand thoroughfare which runs along the edge of the plateau upon which the city is situated, and where many of the city's most imposing buildings are to be found. 2335: 1244: 1220: 6159: 4411: 1511: 2204: 1276: 5237: 4711: 2307: 2283: 932: 1109: 66: 2038: 898: 6854: 6660: 1185: 1161: 1121: 15018: 2295: 5107: 4761: 151: 5688:– this has aided the foundation of foreign companies' and corporations' Ukrainian divisions and allowed them to more easily invest in the Ukrainian manufacturing and service sectors. To date a number of Japanese and Chinese companies, as well as a host of European enterprises, have invested in the development of the free economic zone, to this end private investors in the city have invested a great deal of money into the provision of quality office real estate and modern manufacturing facilities such as warehouses and plant complexes. 6065: 1755: 5271: 4426:. The municipal council is made up of 120 elected members, who are each elected to represent a certain district of the city for a four-year term. The current council is the fifth in the city's modern history, and was elected in January 2011. In the regular meetings of the municipal council, problems facing the city are discussed, and annually the city's budget is drawn up. The council has seventeen standing commissions which play an important role in controlling the finances and trading practices of the city and its merchants. 6712: 4742: 2174: 5718: 184: 6582: 6190: 5295:, held annually on 1 April, is one of the most celebrated festivals in the city. Practical joking is a central theme throughout, and Odesans dress in unique, colorful attire to express their spontaneous and comedic selves. The tradition has been celebrated since the early 1970s, when the humor of Ukraine's citizens were drawn to television and the media, further developing into a mass festival. Large amounts of money are made from the festivities, supporting Odesa's local entertainers and shops. 117: 6478: 1300: 4845: 4134: 4923: 6057: 2466:. On 23 April 2022, Russian troops bombarded Odesa with cruise missiles. They destroyed both the city's military infrastructure and residential buildings, killing eight people and wounding another eighteen people. In addition, the Russian military destroyed more than 1,000 m of the territory of the cemetery. The city suffered further aerial attacks on regional infrastructure facilities in October 2022, cutting off power to 10,500 households and injuring three people. 2366: 2318: 5229: 4604:

The port, which includes an oil refinery, container handling facility, passenger area and numerous areas for handling dry cargo, is lucky in that its work does not depend on seasonal weather; the harbour itself is defended from the elements by breakwaters. The port is able to handle up to 14 million tons of cargo and about 24 million tons of oil products annually, whilst its passenger terminals can cater for around 4 million passengers a year at full capacity.

6802: 14347: 5589:. Rail transport is an important sector of the economy in Odesa – largely due to the role it plays in delivering goods and imports to and from the city's port. The Container Terminal Odesa (CTO) in the port is the largest container terminal in Ukraine. It has been operated by the Hamburg-based HHLA Group since 2001 and, in addition to containers, also handles bulk goods, general cargo and project cargo. This means that Odesa is networked with the ports of 1252: 1209: 1173: 6880: 6725: 2276:. Some of the Odesans had a more favourable view of the Romanian occupation, in contrast with the Soviet official view that the period was exclusively a time of hardship, deprivation, oppression and suffering – claims embodied in public monuments and disseminated through the media to this day. Subsequent Soviet policies imprisoned and executed numerous Odesans (and deported most of the German population) on account of collaboration with the occupiers. 6634: 6841: 6776: 6738: 6699: 6686: 6504: 6906: 6867: 6828: 6517: 103: 15006: 4466: 4651: 6815: 6621: 6556: 6543: 1312: 259: 6647: 1288: 2628: 127: 6893: 6673: 6491: 6465: 5647: 6919: 6789: 6595: 1686: 6608: 4698: 1931: 6530: 1232: 1197: 1149: 1133: 6751: 6569: 5018: 5904: 1743:)" after a Greek colony of Odessos that supposedly was located in the area. The first census that was conducted in Odesa was in 1797 which accounted for 3,455 people. Since 1795, the city had its own city magistrate, and since 1796 a city council of six members and the Odesa Commodity Exchange. In 1801, in Odesa had opened the first commercial bank. In 1803, the city accounted for 9,000 people. 2231:. Most of the atrocities were committed during the first six months of the occupation which officially began on 17 October 1941, when 80% of the 210,000 Jews in the region were killed, compared to Jews in Romania proper where the majority survived. After the Nazi forces began to lose ground on the Eastern Front, the Romanian administration changed its policy, refusing to deport the remaining 191: 158: 4666:, or Gorodskoy Sad, is perhaps the most famous of Odesa's gardens. Laid out in 1803 by Felix De Ribas (brother of the founder of Odesa, José de Ribas) on a plot of urban land he owned, the garden is located right in the heart of the city. When Felix decided that he was no longer able to provide enough money for the garden's upkeep, he decided to present it to the people of Odesa in 1806. 4496: 2601:

located in the south of Ukraine, the topography of the area surrounding the city is typically flat and there are no large mountains or hills for many kilometres around. Flora is of the deciduous variety and Odesa is known for its tree-lined avenues which, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, made the city a favourite year-round retreat for the Russian aristocracy.

1842:: "I mention this statue and this stairway because they have their story. Richelieu founded Odessa – watched over it with paternal care – labored with a fertile brain and a wise understanding for its best interests – spent his fortune freely to the same end – endowed it with a sound prosperity, and one which will yet make it one of the great cities of the Old World". 4725: 4557:, is a vast staircase that conjures an illusion so that those at the top only see a series of large steps, while at the bottom all the steps appear to merge into one pyramid-shaped mass. The original 200 steps (now reduced to 192) were designed by Italian architect Francesco Boffo and built between 1837 and 1841. The steps were made famous by 1719:, construction of Odesa was stopped, Franz de Voland was removed from the project, and José de Ribas was implicated in a plot to assassinate the Emperor. After Paul's assassination in 1801, the city resumed construction, and used a plan largely from de Voland's work. It was thus one of the few master planned cities in the Russian Empire. 4688:, the Alexander Column and municipal observatory. The Baryatinsky Bulvar is popular for its route, which starts at the park's gate before winding its way along the edge of the coastal plateau. There are a number of monuments and memorials in the park, one of which is dedicated to the park's namesake, the Ukrainian national poet 8082: 6118:, which runs between the city's Primorsky Bulvar and the sea terminal, has been in service since 1902. In 1998, after many years of neglect, the city decided to raise funds for a replacement track and cars. This project was delayed on multiple occasions but was finally completed eight years later in 2005. The 5577:

rivers, which provide good links to the hinterland. During the Soviet period (until 1991) the city functioned as the USSR's largest trading port; it continues in a similar role as independent Ukraine's busiest international port. The port complex contains an oil and gas transfer and storage facility,

2692:

in the city. The average annual temperature of the sea is 13–14 °C (55–57 °F). Seasonal sea temperatures range from an average of 6 °C (43 °F) from January to March, to 23 °C (73 °F) in August. Typically, for a total of 4 months – from June to September – the average sea

5612:

Industrial enterprises located in and around the city include those dedicated to fuel refinement, machine building, metallurgy, and other types of light industry such as food preparation, timber plants and chemical industry. Agriculture is a relatively important sector in the territories surrounding

4346:

According to a sociological survey conducted by the Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation from 10 to 21 July 2023 in Odesa Oblast, the share of respondents who speak Ukrainian at home has increased to 42% (from 26% in 2021), while the share of those who speak Russian at home has dropped to

2068:

commemorated the uprising and included a scene where hundreds of Odesan citizens were murdered on the great stone staircase (now popularly known as the "Potemkin Steps"), in one of the most famous scenes in motion picture history. At the top of the steps, which lead down to the port, stands a statue

1845:

In 1819, Odesa became a free port, a status it retained until 1859. Odesa became home to an extremely diverse population of Albanians, Armenians, Azeris, Bulgarians, Crimean Tatars, Frenchmen, Germans (including Mennonites), Greeks, Italians, Jews, Poles, Romanians, Russians, Turks, Ukrainians, and

1797:

the official boundaries, and as a consequence, in the first third of the 19th century, Moldavanka emerged as the dominant settlement. After planning by the official architects who designed buildings in Odesa's central district, such as the Italians Francesco Carlo Boffo and Giovanni Torricelli (see

1796:

In the period from 1795 to 1814, the population of Odesa increased 15 times over and reached almost 20 thousand people. The first city plan was designed by the engineer F. Devollan in the late 18th century. Colonists of various ethnicities settled mainly in the area of the former colony, outside of

4658:

There are a number of public parks and gardens in Odesa, among these are the Preobrazhensky, Gorky and Victory parks, the latter of which is an arboretum. The city is also home to a university botanical garden, which recently celebrated its 200th anniversary, and a number of other smaller gardens.

4603:

As one of the biggest on the Black Sea, Odesa's port is busy all year round. The Odesa Seaport is located on an artificial stretch of the Black Sea coast, along with the north-western part of the Gulf of Odesa. The total shoreline length of Odesa's seaport is around 7.23 kilometres (4.49 mi).

2620:

near water. Also a potential danger to the infrastructure and architecture of the city is the presence of multiple openings underground. These cavities can cause buildings to collapse, resulting in a loss of money and business. Due to the effects of climate and weather on sedimentary rocks beneath

2600:

The city currently covers a territory of 162.42 km (63 sq mi). The population density for which is around 6,139 persons/km. Sources of running water in the city include the Dniester River, from which water is taken and then purified at a processing plant just outside the city. Being

2434:

between pro-Ukrainian and pro-Russian protestors killed 42 people. Four were killed during the protests, and at least 32 trade unionists were killed after a trade union building was set on fire after Molotov cocktails exchange between sides. Polls conducted from September to December 2014 found no

2189:

started on 5 August 1941 and lasted for 73 days. The defense was organized on three lines with emplacements consisting of trenches, anti-tank ditches and pillboxes. The first line was 80 kilometres (50 miles) long and situated some 25 to 30 kilometres (16 to 19 miles) from the city. The second and

1986:

are mentioned for the first time in documents of the 13th century. The influx of Italians in southern Ukraine grew particularly with the foundation of Odesa, which took place in 1794. In 1797 there were about 800 Italians in Odesa, equal to 10% of the total population. For more than a century the

4529:

In 1887 one of the city's most well known architectural monuments was completed – the theatre, which still hosts a range of performances to this day; it is widely regarded as one of the world's finest opera houses. The first opera house was opened in 1810 and destroyed by fire in 1873. The modern

2002:

Until the 1870s, Odesa's Italian population grew steadily. From the following decade this growth stopped, and the decline of the Italian community in Odesa began. The reason was mainly one, namely the gradual integration into the Slavic population of Odesa, i.e. Russians and Ukrainians. Surnames

5211:

These authors and comedians played a great role in establishing the "Odesa myth" in the Soviet Union. Odesans were and are viewed in the ethnic stereotype as sharp-witted, street-wise and eternally optimistic. These qualities are reflected in the "Odesa dialect", which borrows chiefly from the

2608:

has also helped to create a booming tourist industry in Odesa. The city's Arkadia beach has long been a favourite place for relaxation, both for the city's inhabitants and its visitors. This is a large sandy beach which is located to the south of the city centre. Odesa's many sandy beaches are

6255:

won the 1994 and 1998 Olympic gold medals as well as the 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997 World Championships in ice dance. Both were born and raised in the city, though they skated at first for the Soviet Union, in the Unified Team, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and then Russia. Hennadiy

1708:. Some local historians consider that the settlement predates Odesa by about thirty years and assert that the locality was founded by Moldavians who came to build the fortress of Yeni Dunia for the Ottomans and eventually settled in the area in the late 1760s, right next to the settlement of 2696:

The city typically experiences dry, cold winters which are relatively mild when compared to most of Ukraine, as they are marked by temperatures that rarely fall below −10 °C (14 °F). Summers see an increased level of precipitation, and the city often experiences warm weather with

4669:

The garden is home to a bandstand and is the traditional location for outdoor theater in the summertime. Numerous sculptures can also be found within the grounds, as well as a musical fountain, the waters of which are computer controlled to coordinate with the musical melody being played.

4824:

With regard to primary and secondary education, Odesa has many schools catering for all ages from kindergarten through to lyceum (final secondary school level) age. Most of these schools are state-owned and operated, and all schools have to be state-accredited in order to teach children.

5220:, but unwittingly pointing out the flaws and absurdities of the Soviet regime. The Odesan Jew in the jokes always "came out clean" and was, in the end, a lovable character – unlike some of other jocular nation stereotypes such as The Chukcha, The Ukrainian, The Estonian or The American. 4816:

of numerous countries around the world. The South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University is also based in the city, this is one of the largest institutions for the preparation of educational specialists in Ukraine and is recognised as one of the country's finest of such universities.

1506:

would be founded. However, they were all handicapped in various ways relative to how much commercial interest there was. For example, the latter two cities were situated in lowlands near marshes, which provided for poor sanitary conditions in the technology available at that time.

4784:

University. Since then the university has developed to become one of modern Ukraine's leading research and teaching universities, with staff of around 1,800 and total of thirteen academic faculties. Other than the National University, the city is also home to the 1921-inaugurated

2362:, cities that offered even greater opportunities for career advancement, also occurred on a large scale. Despite this, the city grew rapidly by filling the void of those left with new migrants from rural Ukraine and industrial professionals invited from all over the Soviet Union. 8072: 1762:

In their settlement, also known as Novaya Slobodka, the Moldavians owned relatively small plots on which they built village-style houses and cultivated vineyards and gardens. What became Mykhailovsky Square was the center of this settlement and the site of its first

2616:, resulting in a typical change of landscape along the Black Sea. Due to the fluctuating slopes of land, city planners are responsible for monitoring the stability of such areas, and for preserving potentially threatened building and other structures of the city 1672:

fortress as the site for the region's basic port: it had an ice-free harbor, breakwaters could be cheaply constructed that would render the harbor safe and it would have the capacity to accommodate large fleets. The Namestnik of Yekaterinoslav and Voznesensk,

4681:. The park covers an area of around 700 by 900 metres (2,300 by 3,000 feet) and is located near the centre of the city, on the side closest to the sea. Within the park there are a variety of cultural and entertainment facilities, and wide pedestrian avenues. 5705: 2443:

said on 25 December that Odesa and Kharkiv had become "cities which are being used to escalate tensions" in Ukraine. Shkiryak said that he suspected that these cities were singled out because of their "geographic position". On 5 January 2015 the city's

933: 6084:

steam tramway line ran from Railway Station to Great Fontaine and the second one to Hadzhi Bey Liman. These routes were both operated by the same Belgian company. Electric tramway started to operate on 22 August 1907. Trams were imported from Germany.

8164: 2576:

The city is situated on terraced hills overlooking a small harbor. The average elevation at which the city is located is around 50 metres (160 feet). The maximum is 65 metres (213 feet) and minimum (on the coast) amounts to 4.2 metres (13.8 feet)

1621:

was located. The newly acquired Ochakov Oblast was promised to the Cossacks by the Russian government for resettlement. On permission of the Archbishop of Yekaterinoslav Amvrosiy, the Black Sea Kosh Host, that was located around the area between

5926:, a high quality multi-lane road which is set to be re-designated, after further reconstructive works, as an 'Avtomagistral' (motorway) in the near future. Other routes of national significance, passing through Odesa, include the M16 Highway to 4812:. The last of these institutions is a highly specialised and prestigious establishment for the preparation and training of merchant mariners which sees around 1,000 newly qualified officer cadets graduate each year and take up employment in the 2215:

on 16 October 1941, and it was henceforth subject to Romanian administration. By that time, the Soviet authorities had been able to evacuate 200,000 people as well as weaponry and industrial equipment. A day later, Odesa was made the capital of

1478:. Stable commercial activity in this region in practice in the past required both security through the overland routes, and knowledge of where products could go overseas. In antiquity, various Greek colonies had taken this role, followed by the 6133:, which is located to the south-west of the city centre, is served by a number of airlines. The airport is also often used by citizens of neighbouring countries for whom Odesa is the nearest large city and who can travel visa-free to Ukraine. 6033:, the cities of Ukraine and many other cities of the former USSR. The city's first railway station was opened in the 1880s. During the Second World War, the iconic building of the main station, which had long been considered to be one of the 899: 5405:(1879–1956) was born in Odesa. He composed over 135 works and was the founder of the Jewish National Conservatory in Jerusalem before immigrating to the U.S. where he became "an influential voice in the promotion of American Jewish music". 4234:

29%, Bulgarians 6.1%, Moldovans 5%, Gagauz 1.1%, Jews 0.6%, Belarusians 0.5%, Armenians 0.3%, Roma 0.2%, Poles, Germans, Georgians, Azerbaijanis, Tartars, Greeks, Albanians and Arabs each 0.1%, and 1.9% were people of other nationalities.

5657:

is one of the city's most important commercial streets, hosting many of the city's boutiques and higher-end shops. In addition to this there are a number of large commercial shopping centres in the city. The 19th-century shopping gallery

65: 2701:

cover is light to moderate due to the city's location on the northern coast of the Black Sea, and municipal services rarely experience problems that can often be found in other, more northern Ukrainian cities. The city hardly ever faces

7451: 5617:

is a major commercial complex on the outskirts of the city where private traders now operate one of the largest market complexes in Eastern Europe. The market has roughly 6,000 traders and an estimated 150,000 customers per day.

1399:

Since the middle of the 13th century the city's territory belonged to the Golden Horde domain. On Italian navigational maps of 14th century on the place of Odesa is indicated the castle of Ginestra, at the time the center of a

1014:

claimed in his memoirs that the name was his suggestion. Some expressed doubts about this claim, while others noted the reputation of Gribovsky as an honest and modest man. Odesa is located between the ancient Greek cities of

7582:

Papuci-Władyka, Ewdoksia, et al. "Greek settlement on the northern Black Sea coast: Polish-Ukrainian excavations in Koshary (Odessa province): third preliminary report: seasons 2000-2003." (2006), pp. 354, 355 (footnote 4),

9533: 5957:

Odesa also has a well-developed system of inter-urban municipal roads and minor beltways. However, the city is still lacking an extra-urban bypass for transit traffic which does not wish to proceed through the city centre.

8924: 2684:. During the tsarist era, Odesa's climate was considered to be beneficial for the body, and thus many wealthy but sickly persons were sent to the city in order to relax and recuperate. This resulted in the development of 9526:"Âñåóêðà¿íñüêèé ïåðåïèñ íàñåëåííÿ 2001|Ðóññêàÿ âåðñèÿ|Ðåçóëüòàòû|×èñëåííîñòü è òåððèòîðèàëüíîå ðàçìåùåíèå íàñåëåíèÿ|×èñëåííîñòü íàëè÷íîãî íàñåëåíèÿ è åãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ïî ïîëó|Ðåçóëüòàò âûáîðà" 4389:

The city of Odesa is governed by a mayor and city council which work cooperatively to ensure the smooth-running of the city and procure its municipal bylaws. The city's budget is also controlled by the administration.

9030: 4514:

Many of Odesa's buildings have, rather uniquely for a Ukrainian city, been influenced by the Mediterranean style of classical architecture. This is particularly noticeable in buildings built by architects such as the

2194:, the famous female sniper, took part in the battle for Odesa. She recorded 187 confirmed kills during the defense of Odesa. Pavlichenko's confirmed kills during World War II totaled 309 (including 36 enemy snipers). 2019:, only a few dozen Italians remained in Odesa, most of whom no longer knew their own language. Over time they merged with the local population, losing the ethnic connotations of origin. They disappeared completely by 5828: 8344: 8279: 2306: 1419:(1441–1466), the Khanate was endangered by the Golden Horde and the Ottoman Turks and, in search of allies, the khan agreed to cede the area to Lithuania. The site of present-day Odesa was then a fortress known as 7332: 5215:

The "Odesite speech" became a staple of the "Soviet Jew" depicted in a multitude of jokes and comedy acts, in which a Jewish adherent served as a wise and subtle dissenter and opportunist, always pursuing his own

1035:

in Bulgaria, is the older of the two, founded c. 610 BC). The exact location of this ancient Odessos is unknown, but modern efforts have attempted to localize it 40 km northeast of Odesa, near the village of

8841: 6009: 4324:

According to the Seventh Annual Ukrainian Municipal Survey, 96% of the residents of Odesa spoke some Russian at home and 29% spoke some Ukrainian at home (overlap due to a lot of people speaking both languages).

1712:, on what later became the Primorsky Boulevard. Another version posits that the settlement appeared after Odesa itself was founded, as a settlement of Moldavians, Greeks, and Albanians fleeing the Ottoman yoke. 1653:. Near the new fortress saw the formation of a new "Vorstadt" (suburb) where people moved from Sucleia and Parkan. With the establishment of the Voznesensk Governorate on 27 January 1795, the Vorstadt was named 11383: 9170: 5604: 1681:

location... I order to establish here a navy harbor and trading pierce..." and invested the first money (26.000 rubles) in construction. Franz de Voland drew up a plan that would end up being the city's plan.

5164:

was born in Odesa into a Jewish family, and then went to Italy where he grew up and lived. The Hebrew author and poet Haim Bialik established a publishing house and worked in the city from the 1890s to 1911.

6994: 1816:

army against the Turks. He is credited with designing the city and organizing its amenities and infrastructure, and is considered one of the founding fathers of Odesa, together with another Frenchman, Count

8161: 4820:

In addition to all the state-run universities mentioned above, Odesa is also home to many private educational institutes and academies which offer highly specified courses in a range of different subjects.

2438:

Odesa was struck by three bomb blasts in December 2014, one of which killed one person (the injuries sustained by the victim indicated that he had dealt with explosives). Internal Affairs Ministry advisor

1750:

In the mid-19th century Odesa became a resort town famed for its popularity among the Russian upper classes. This popularity prompted a new age of investment in the building of hotels and leisure projects.

10964:

Odesa is situated on a large, virtually ice-free bay on the Black Sea, near the mouths of the Danube River, the Dnister River, the Boh River, and the Dnieper River, which link it with the interior of the

7017: 6380: 2190:

main line of defense was situated 6 to 8 kilometres (3.7 to 5.0 miles) from the city and was about 30 kilometres (19 miles) long. The third and last line of defense was organized inside the city itself.

9768:"Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 - English version - Results - General results of the census - National composition of population - Odesa region" 9312: 9053: 7120: 5627:, were believed to be as high as US$ 20 million in 2004. With a staff of 1,200 (mostly guards and janitors), the market is also the region's largest employer. It is owned by local land and agriculture 4355: 2126:

and the withdrawal of armies of Central Powers, the Soviet forces fought for control over the country with the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic. A few months later the city was occupied by the

2239:, and allowing Jews to work as hired labourers. As a result, despite the events of 1941, the survival of the Jewish population in this area was higher than in other areas of occupied eastern Europe. 10305: 1086:, even after changing the spelling of Kiev to Kyiv, but since the beginning of Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine more outlets and style guides have been shifting away from Russian transliterations. 9461: 7485:

text, so you will need to scroll and scroll and scroll... until you notice a verse " Одесса , южная столица , Владычица эвксинскихъ водъ , Стоитъ какъ гордая царица , Вѣнець ей свљтимый небосвод")

2609:

considered to be quite unique in Ukraine, as the country's southern coast (particularly in the Crimea) tends to be a location in which the formation of stoney and pebble beaches has proliferated.

5639:

include: retail, wholesale, catering, production, construction and development, private label. Consumer recognition is mainly attributed to the high level of service and the quality of services.

1641:

of 17 June 1792 addressed to General Kakhovsky it was ordered to establish the Dniester Border Line of fortresses. The commander of the land forces in Ochakiv Oblast was appointed Graf (Count)

9069: 7237:

IOANNIS DŁVGOSSI SEV LONGINI CANONICI QVONDAM CRACOVIENSIS HISTORIAE POLONICAE LIBRI XII.: QVORVM SEX POSTERIORES NONDVM EDITI, NVNC SIMVL CVM PRIORIBVS EX MSCRIPTO RARISSIMO IN LVCEM PRODEVNT

4393:

The mayoralty plays the role of the executive in the city's municipal administration. Above all comes the mayor, who is elected, by the city's electorate, for five years in a direct election.

1900:

in Odesa between 1823 and 1824. In his letters, he wrote that Odesa was a city where "the air is filled with all Europe, French is spoken and there are European papers and magazines to read".

1330: 8871: 2455:. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven, the city of Odesa was merged into newly established Odesa Raion. 9856: 2473:

announced that the historical city center of Odesa was added to UNESCO's World Heritage List. In order to provide technical and financial assistance if needed, it was also included into the

2146:

forces out of the city, but Odesa was soon retaken by the Russian White Army. By 1920 the Soviet Red Army managed to overpower both the Ukrainian and Russian White Army and secure the city.

2076:

The actual massacre took place in streets nearby, not on the steps themselves, but the film caused many to visit Odesa to see the site of the "slaughter". The "Odesa Steps" continue to be a

5950:

to Ukraine's eastern border with Russia. The M14 is of particular importance to Odesa's maritime and shipbuilding industries as it links the city with Ukraine's other large deep water port

5184:(Ilf's co-author Petrov was in fact Kataev's brother, Petrov being his pen-name). Kataev became a benefactor for these young authors, who would become some of the most talented and popular 1987:

Italians of Odesa greatly influenced the culture, art, industry, society, architecture, politics and economy of the city. Among the works created by the Italians of Odesa there were the

13243: 11031: 11175:

Schmalstieg, Frank C; Goldman Armond S (May 2008). "Ilya Ilich Metchnikoff (1845–1915) and Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915): the centennial of the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine".

9200: 1031:; in Roman times, Odessus). This refers to the second ancient Odessos, founded between the end of the 5th and beginning of the 4th centuries BC (the first one, identified with modern 7656: 9975: 8443: 5002:(1895–1976), the Israeli classical ballet dancer, choreographer, painter, and film producer and director grew up in Odesa, as did Franco-Israeli École de Paris painter and sculptor 2373:

As a part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, the city preserved and somewhat reinforced its unique cosmopolitan mix of Russian/Ukrainian/Jewish culture and a predominantly

9525: 8932: 4890:

spent in exile in Odesa, a period during which he continued to write. The poet also has a city street named after him, as well as a statue. Other museums in the city include the

4546:

style. It is said that thanks to its unique acoustics, even a whisper from the stage can be heard in any part of the hall. The theatre was projected along the lines of Dresden's

713:, dates back to 1415, when a ship was sent from here to Constantinople by sea. After the Grand Duchy lost control, the port and its surroundings became part of the domain of the 10686: 9230: 7271: 1213: 9027: 701:

a large Greek settlement existed at its location no later than the middle of the 6th century BC. It has been researched as a possible site of the ancient Greek settlement of

13541: 12716: 8964: 7685: 2381:. The city's unique identity has been formed largely thanks to its varied demography; all the city's communities have influenced aspects of Odesan life in some way or form. 2227:

Following the siege, and the Axis occupation, approximately 25,000 Odesans were murdered in the outskirts of the city and over 35,000 deported; this came to be known as the

9906: 4343:'s population consider Ukrainian their native language, and 39% of population in Ukraine's South who consider Ukrainian their native language mostly speak Russian at home. 12911: 12831: 12826: 10028: 6108:

Beach, and recreational ferry service. There are two routes of public transport which connect Odesa Airport with the city center: trolley-bus No.14 and marshrutka No.117.

7324: 2207:

Soldier reading the announcement of Opera House in Odesa during the Romanian occupation in 1942. The name of the city in Romanian is spelled as Odesa with one letter 's'.

15073: 13443: 13102: 12761: 12696: 12646: 9942: 8837: 7241: 5681:, one of Ukraine's largest commercial banks, was based in the city, however on 27 May 2015, the Deposit Guarantee Fund of Ukraine made a decision to liquidate the bank. 14150: 13453: 12836: 12711: 12303: 10451: 9162: 5122:

was born in Bolshoy Fontan near Odesa, however her further work was not connected with the city and its literary tradition. Odesa has produced many writers, including

7393: 14383: 12891: 12871: 12841: 12756: 8791: 7561: 5256: 1470:

between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, as well as the demise of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, allowed Russia to start to fully exploit the ancient

5176:, was born here and began his writing career as early as high school (gymnasia). Before moving to Moscow in 1922, he made quite a few acquaintances here, including 14196: 14155: 12741: 12601: 12596: 10610: 2070: 1805: 1778: 1693: 78: 10810: 4863:

is the biggest art gallery in the city, which collection includes canvas mostly of Russian painters from 17th-21st centuries, icon collection and modern art. The

13498: 12936: 12786: 10951: 7014: 11016:

Terminalbetreiber in Estland gekauft. In: Schiff & Hafen, 7/2018, p 9; "Hamburger Hafenkonzern investiert groß in Triest" In: Die Presse, 29 September 2020.

9825:

Dnistryansky, М.S. (2006) Этнополитическая география Украины = Етнополітична географія України. – Лівів: Літопис, видавництво ЛНУ імені Івана Франка. p. 342. –

14272: 14267: 13428: 12586: 4612: 2282: 1804:

The new city quickly became a major success although initially, it received little state funding and privileges. Its early growth owed much to the work of the

9304: 9050: 2294: 14216: 12656: 4465: 1069: 8901: 14226: 10295: 10006: 7992: 7446: 7084: 4916: 1346:

from the 5th–3rd centuries BC has long been known in this area). Some scholars believe it to have been a trade settlement established by the Greek city of

11079: 9497: 7302: 7160: 7047: 2490: 1746: 2242: 15068: 5711:

Odesa's port is Ukraine's busiest. The harbour remains accessible all year round and serves as a vital import/export channel for the Ukrainian economy.

4329:

is gaining in popularity: in 2021, the share of residents speaking some Ukrainian at home has increased almost 5 times from 6% in 2015 to 29% in 2021.

1801:), Moldovanka was included in the general city plan, though the original grid-like plan of Moldovankan streets, lanes, and squares remained unchanged. 10920: 10364: 9472: 9256: 6076:

In 1881, Odesa became the first city in Imperial Russia to have steam tramway lines, an innovation that came only one year after the establishment of

4867:

is big art museum; it has large European collections from the 16–20th centuries along with the art from the East on display. There are paintings from

4550:

built in 1878, with its nontraditional foyer following the curvatures of the auditorium; the building's most recent renovation was completed in 2007.

14303: 13534: 12258: 11677: 9066: 4809: 2440: 1955:

during the 19th century, and by 1897 Jews were estimated to comprise some 37% of the population. The community, however, was repeatedly subjected to

8863: 7445:: "Pearl by the Sea" comes from the popular song "Ах, Одесса, жемчужина у моря" ("Ah, Odessa, a pearl by the sea") written by Odessa-born composer 7110: 1915:

naval forces. It soon recovered and the growth in trade made Odesa Russia's largest grain-exporting port. In 1866, the city was linked by rail with

14500: 14298: 14221: 5330: 10782: 9845: 6966:

Many media outlets switched to prefer the Ukrainian transliteration "Odesa" over the Russian "Odessa" following Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine.

219: 9504: 9468: 9364:

Cherkez, E. A.; Dragomyretska, O. V.; Gorokhovich, Y. (11 November 2006). "Landslide protection of the historical heritage in Odessa (Ukraine)".

7111:"Russia's invasion of Ukraine has sparked questions over why Ukrainian cities have historically been transliterated after their Russian versions" 6448: 5691:

Odesa also has a well-developed IT industry with large number of IT outsourcing companies and IT product startups. Among most famous startups is

4991: 2268:

The city suffered severe damage and sustained many casualties over the course of the war. Many parts of Odesa were damaged during both its siege

10571: 9775: 803:

integrating with railways. Odesa's oil and chemical processing facilities are connected to the Russian and other European networks by strategic

764:

than Russian, having been heavily influenced by French and Italian styles. Some buildings are built in a mixture of different styles, including

12296: 12236: 11123: 10400: 10244: 10218: 9577: 8253: 6942: 4772:

Odesa is home to several universities and other institutions of higher education. The city's best-known and most prestigious university is the

4336:

in April–May 2023, 53% of the city's population has higher or incomplete higher education, 16% spoke Ukrainian at home and 80% spoke Russian.

1350:. Whether the Bay of Odesa is the ancient "Port of the Histrians" cannot yet be considered a settled question based on the available evidence. 11027: 9639: 9140: 15078: 14376: 11153: 9804: 9679: 9411: 9192: 8230: 6236:(known as "The Painted Bird of Odesa") brought home Ukraine's first Olympic gold medal as an independent nation when she outscored the USA's 5471: 4995: 4710: 2431: 10756: 7358: 15048: 13527: 10525: 9731: 7948: 7649: 5684:

Foreign business ventures have thrived in the area, as since 1 January 2000, much of the city and its surrounding area has been declared a

1789:

which hit Odesa in the autumn 1812. Dismissive of any attempt to forge a compromise between quarantine requirements and free trade, Prince

13087: 9967: 4741: 14635: 12706: 9705: 9561: 9085: 8414: 1908: 12185: 10897: 10840: 10659: 10499: 10437: 8259: 7918: 2627: 1065: 8746: 8305: 8036:"The Greek Colonisation of the Black Sea Area: Historical Interpretation of Archaeology," December 1998, Tsetskhladze, Gocha R. (ed.), 2324:

Certificate "For taking part in the heroic defense of Odesa"; Logvinov Petr Leontievich was awarded the Medal for the Defense of Odesa.

8015: 5717: 2505: 1677:(one of Catherine's favorites), supported this proposal. In 1794 Catherine issued a Rescript to José de Ribas: "Considering favorable 15053: 12616: 12289: 9556: 9222: 6105: 6013:

Odesa Holovna is one of Ukraine's largest railway terminals. Every day trains depart to many national and international destinations.

11267: 10999: 7263: 14369: 11616:

Ghervas, Stella (2008). "Odessa et les confins de l'Europe: un éclairage historique". In Ghervas, Stella; Rosset, François (eds.).

11564: 11353: 9617: 9591: 2246: 12263: 11409: 9342: 8954: 7681: 4400:

was reelected in the first round of the election with 52,9% of the vote. Trukhanov was again reelected in the second round of the

4222:

The peculiarity of the ethnic composition of the modern population of the city of Odesa is its ethnic diversity. According to the

15098: 15093: 14970: 14665: 14660: 14175: 9895: 4864: 2452: 1439:, when a ship with grain sailed from there to Constantinople. By the middle of the 15th century, the settlement was depopulated. 11310: 10334: 10102: 9610:"Âñåóêðà¿íñüêèé ïåðåïèñ íàñåëåííÿ 2001|Ðóññêàÿ âåðñèÿ|Ðåçóëüòàòû|Îñíîâíûå èòîãè ïåðåïèñè|Êîëè÷åñòâî ãîðîäîâ" 9007: 2680:). This has, over the past few centuries, aided the city greatly in creating conditions necessary for the development of summer 1972: 1758:

By the early 1900s Odesa had become a large, thriving city, complete with European architecture and electrified urban transport.

13313: 12424: 2390: 602: 11327: 9931: 9728:"Всесоюзная перепись населения 1939 года. Национальный состав населения районов, городов и крупных сел союзных республик СССР" 8330:

Migration and Disease in the Black Sea Region: Ottoman-Russian Relations in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries

7880: 15043: 14130: 13109: 12901: 12050: 12038: 11838: 11794: 11644: 11625: 11542: 11453: 10766: 10739: 10706: 10565: 7970: 7780: 5561:

Odesa's economy largely stems from its traditional role as a port city. The nearly ice-free port lies near the mouths of the

4801: 4794: 4607:

As Odesa has been inhabited by peoples of different religions, it has a variety of religious buildings, such as the Orthodox

1786: 11785:; Gubar, Oleg (2008). "The Persuasive Power of the Odessa Myth". In Czaplicka, John; Gelazis, Nida; Ruble, Blair A. (eds.). 9282: 8991: 7474: 15088: 14493: 13378: 13373: 13198: 11291: 10729: 9439: 8508: 7401: 4805: 2423: 1818: 11992:

Sylvester, Roshanna P. (2001). "City of Thieves: Moldavanka, Criminality, and Respectability in Prerevolutionary Odessa".

8783: 8113: 7743:"Guidance on the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN)/Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (PCGN) romanization systems" 15058: 14145: 13550: 12546: 12433: 10594: 10462: 8444:"Ucraina: Odessa città italiana. La nostra cultura e la nostra arte presente nelle bellezze artistiche e architettoniche" 7750: 7156: 5662:

was, for a long time, the city's most upscale shopping district, and remains to this day an important landmark of Odesa.

4786: 1264: 1224: 8328: 8275: 7627: 1050:, the transliteration of the name from Russian, was the traditional English spelling of the city's name favoured before 15063: 14089: 13303: 10802: 10180: 8535: 4608: 4333: 4239: 4204:, the city's Jewish population declined considerably. Since the 1970s, the majority of the remaining Jewish population 1037: 150: 12217: 10943: 10154: 8652: 8252: 6040:

In 1952 the station was rebuilt to the designs of A Chuprina. The current station, which is characterised by its many

4522:, who in the early 19th-century built a palace and colonnade for the Governor of Odesa, Prince Mikhail Vorontsov, the 4407:

There are five deputy mayors, each of which is responsible for a certain particular part of the city's public policy.

13483: 13323: 12906: 12155: 12143: 12089: 12070: 11982: 11920: 11913:

New Voices of Russian Jewry: A Study of the Russian-Jewish Press of Odessa in the Era of the Great Reforms, 1860–1871

11901: 11882: 11819: 11772: 11746: 11727: 11715: 11663: 11606: 11574: 11500: 10873: 10483: 10206: 10046: 9830: 8476: 8397: 8368: 8338: 7825: 7613: 7608:. Cambridge, Mass.: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. p. 7. 7521: 5089: 4927: 4790: 4765: 4748: 4631: 4401: 4394: 2262: 2236: 1552: 1527: 1467: 861: 722: 9114: 4251: 686:

in recognition of its multiculturality and 19th-century urban planning. The declaration was made in response to the

15103: 14170: 12521: 11930:

Rothstein, Robert A. (2001). "How It Was Sung in Odessa: At the Intersection of Russian and Yiddish Folk Culture".

10977: 10731:

The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, Volume 8: Crisis and Creativity Between World Wars, 1918-1939

10633: 8136:

Henryk Łubieński i jego bracia: wspomnenia rodzinne odnoszące się do historyi Królestwa Polskiego i Banku Polskiego

5368:

who brought to Israel the influence of modern art and was its first abstract artist. He emigrated to Israel on the

5185: 4899: 4500: 4472: 2474: 2459: 1533: 687: 676: 609: 13268: 11053: 8893: 7212: 1491: 14628: 14486: 13993: 13729: 13418: 12961: 12576: 8717:"The Southern Bug - Dnister Interfluve During World War II: Administrative Organization, Staffing and Statistics" 8528:

Von den Zaren adoptiert: Die deutschen Kolonisten und die Balkansiedler in Neurußland und Bessarabien (1751-1914)

7142: 2103:

succeeded in establishing their control over the city; for the following months, the city became a center of the

647:

and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the

11977:. Indiana–Michigan Series in Russian and East European Studies. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. 9998: 7074: 6256:

Avdyeyenko won a 1988 Olympic gold medal in thehigh jump, setting an Olympic record at 2.38 metres (7.81 feet).

5578:

a cargo-handling area and a large passenger port. In 2007 the Port of Odesa handled 31,368,000 tonnes of cargo.

5212:

characteristic speech of the Odesan Jews, and is enriched by a plethora of influences common for the port city.

15108: 14049: 12676: 11090: 7555: 7294: 7038: 6141: 6137: 5915:

belonging to V. Navrotsky, came to Odesa from France in 1891. He was a popular city publisher of the newspaper

5448: 4504: 2334: 2116: 1992: 1890: 1165: 183: 86: 5673:

189.2 million. Other sectors of the city's economy include the banking sector: the city hosts a branch of the

2249:, was established on 22 December 1942. It was one of the first four Soviet cities to be awarded the title of " 1518: 1450:

came under direct control of the Ottoman Empire after 1529. In the mid-18th century, the Ottomans rebuilt the

1064:

became the internationally standardized Latin-alphabet transliteration of the Ukrainian name according to the

13737: 12956: 12951: 12921: 12876: 12816: 7482: 5669:, which is currently the second most-visited Ukrainian city. In 2003 this sector recorded a total revenue of 5479: 5383: 2312:

Reverse of the Soviet campaign medal "For the Defence of Odesa"; inscription reads "For our Soviet homeland".

11237: 10072: 7717: 6208:, the highest tier basketball league in Ukraine. Odesa will become one of five Ukrainian cities to host the 5500:(1848–1933) a pianist of Russian-German ethnicity noted for performing the works of Chopin, was from Odesa. 1846:

traders representing many other nationalities (hence numerous "ethnic" names on the city's map, for example

1767:, the Church of the Dormition, built in 1821 close to the seashore, as well as a cemetery. Nearby stood the 1665: 1650: 13932: 13928: 13924: 13488: 13463: 13433: 13117: 12916: 12806: 12771: 12736: 12626: 12591: 12084:. Indiana–Michigan Series in Russian and East European Studies. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. 11177: 10912: 10357: 10128: 9252: 5770: 5453: 4539: 2162: 1952: 1236: 1201: 498: 12193: 11692: 9438:[Weather and Climate – The Climate of Odesa] (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). 13908: 13403: 13353: 12856: 12846: 12821: 12746: 12686: 12561: 12531: 12508: 12473: 12371: 6205: 6130: 5322: 4288: 2217: 2198: 2046: 1471: 691: 640: 4968:

team, contributed to Odesa's established status as "capital of Soviet humor", culminating in the annual

4410: 14996: 14827: 14621: 14115: 14079: 13468: 13348: 13213: 12851: 12751: 12721: 12566: 12417: 8554: 5861: 5823: 4891: 4849: 4430: 4211:

Through most of the 19th century and until the mid-20th century, the largest ethnic group in Odesa was

1602: 1474:

across the coastal area through the steppe across southern and eastern Ukraine, into the hinterland of

1401: 6182:, an elite-class stadium which has a maximum capacity of 34,164. The second football team in Odesa is 5439:(Vitali Vinogradov) (born 1957), an artist and sculptor based in London since 1989, was born in Odesa. 4948:, was born and spent his youth in Odesa. The most popular Russian show business people from Odesa are 2203: 116: 14644: 14140: 13413: 13146: 12976: 12861: 12801: 12796: 12571: 12366: 10891: 10555: 9767: 7079: 5754: 5236: 5096: 4853: 4616: 2673: 2657: 2100: 1878: 1487: 1078: 881: 663:, as well as a multiethnic cultural centre. As of January 2021, Odesa's population was approximately 636: 398: 385: 337: 56: 12233: 11555:Хаджибей-Одеса та українське козацтво (1415-1797 роки): до 210-ї річниці штурму Хаджибейського замку 11115: 10392: 10248: 10222: 6158: 6136:

Transit flights from the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe and the Middle East to Odesa are offered by

14655: 14392: 14160: 14094: 13912: 13706: 13228: 12641: 9643: 9136: 6175: 5857: 5674: 5614: 5501: 4912: 4895: 2634: 2409: 2342:

During the 1960s and 1970s, the city grew. Nevertheless, the majority of Odesa's Jews emigrated to

2250: 1382: 1113: 769: 710: 683: 668: 582: 553: 516: 251: 11523: 11145: 10427: 9800: 9407: 7742: 7235: 4196:, among others. Up until the early 1940s the city had a large Jewish population. As the result of 2346:, the United States and other Western countries between the 1970s and 1990s. Many ended up in the 1510: 1334:

The remains of an ancient Greek settlement (under the glass roof) on Prymorskyi Boulevard in Odesa

14262: 14206: 13944: 13936: 13408: 13328: 13308: 12966: 12896: 12731: 12651: 12551: 12541: 12205: 10422: 8224: 7373: 6947: 6153: 4781: 4717: 4674: 1764: 1704:

colony already existed, which by the end of the 18th century was an independent settlement named

970: 915: 24: 9005:

Interior minister's advisor says Kharkiv, Odesa explosions aim at escalating tensions in Ukraine

7940: 1793:(the Saint Petersburg-based High Commissioner for Sanitation) countermanded Richelieu's orders. 1532:

The sleepy fishing village of Odesa had witnessed a sea-change in its fortunes when the wealthy

15083: 14247: 14120: 13606: 13438: 13278: 13208: 12866: 12781: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12611: 12606: 10029:"Демократія, безпека та соціальне становище: думка респондентів в Одеській області у 2023 році" 8598: 5361: 4860: 4777: 4678: 4639: 4620: 4523: 2665: 2542: 2369:

The city is currently undergoing a phase of widespread urban restoration: Russov House in 2020.

2186: 1982:

Odesa also became the home of a large Italian community between the 18th and the 19th century.

1813: 1541: 1432: 1351: 1347: 1177: 1153: 1024: 702: 20: 12254: 9671: 9082: 8410: 7902: 7545: 7177: 5507: 2037: 14064: 13596: 13478: 13298: 13132: 13004: 12931: 12886: 12791: 12766: 12556: 12446: 12410: 10832: 7847: 7428: 7423: 6320: 6302: 6171: 6018: 5939: 5923: 5738: 5549: 5523: 5467: 5415:

doll, has received attention on the Internet and from the media for her doll-like appearance.

5355: 4937: 4255: 4223: 4076: 3824: 2463: 2112: 2104: 1782: 1556: 949: 652: 477: 9727: 8716: 8301: 7506: 6395:, Olympic champion in the K-1 500 m Kayak Singles at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich 6122:

has now become as much a part of historic Odesa as the staircase to which it runs parallel.

5504:(1916–1985), widely regarded as one of the greatest pianists of all time, was born in Odesa. 126: 14509: 14319: 14242: 14211: 14165: 14099: 14024: 13508: 13493: 13448: 13423: 13293: 13095: 12946: 12926: 12701: 12691: 12636: 12631: 12621: 12581: 12526: 12516: 12402: 9373: 8626:

to Pietro Quaroni, 21 September 1944 (ASMAE, Italian embassy in Russia, 1861/1950, b. 321).

8007: 6241: 6209: 6179: 6167: 6081: 5511: 5497: 5358:

and worked there from the 1890s to 1911. He was commonly known as the national Hebrew poet.

5111: 5058: 4883: 4685: 4242:

found that 68% of Odesa's population were ethnic Ukrainians, and 25% were ethnic Russians.

4019: 3962: 3893: 2578: 2495: 2396:

Odesa is a city of more than 1 million people. The city's industries include shipbuilding,

2258: 2228: 2191: 2108: 2096: 1912: 1838: 1597:

Russia formally gained possession of the Sanjak of Özi (Ochakiv Oblast) as a result of the

1560: 487: 74: 10913:"Lives in the Yiddish Theatre. Short biographies of those involved in the Yiddish Theatre" 9701: 7710:

Report on the Current Status of United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names

2693:

temperature in the Gulf of Odesa and the city's bay area exceeds 20 °C (68 °F).

2111:

all Bolshevik forces were driven out by 13 March 1918 by the combined armed forces of the

748:. During the 19th century, Odesa was the fourth largest city of the Russian Empire, after 8: 14257: 14191: 13986: 13921: 13904: 13691: 13621: 13503: 13363: 13186: 12941: 12881: 12811: 12726: 12681: 12536: 11259: 11003: 9609: 8276:"Travels in Russia, and a residence at St. Petersburg and Odessa, in the years 1827-1829" 6937: 6392: 6326: 6296: 6080:

services in 1880 operated by the "Tramways d'Odessa", a Belgian owned company. The first

5845: 5654: 5517: 5340: 5314: 5308: 5292: 5248: 4635: 4593: 4587: 4563: 4379: 2570: 1940: 1661: 1591: 1475: 807:. In 2000, the Quarantine Pier at Odesa Commercial Sea Port was declared a free port and 792: 729: 698: 672: 541: 300: 13971: 11580: 11551: 11361: 9377: 6224:

was one of the most famous natives of Odesa in the years before the Russian Revolution.

5798: 5351:

languages, he came to Odesa aged 18, inspired by his admiration for authors such as and

5106: 14135: 14002: 13686: 13573: 13218: 12776: 12120: 12017: 11957: 11949: 11874: 11870: 11787:

Cities after the Fall of Communism: Reshaping Cultural Landscapes and European Identity

11417: 11202: 10177:"Official Website of the city administration, Standing commissions of the City Council" 9571: 9389: 9334: 8738: 8647: 8376: 7530: 7002: 6308: 6045: 5774: 5685: 5666: 5418: 5279: 5169: 5054: 5050: 4953: 4760: 4397: 4326: 4275: 2681: 2590: 2427: 2254: 2092: 2085: 2077: 2012: 1614: 1292: 1051: 1008: 892: 872: 808: 804: 737: 449: 323: 271: 13519: 12175: 8721:

Güney-Doğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi - the Journal of Southeastern European Studies

4776:. This university is the oldest in the city and was first founded by an edict of Tsar 102: 14324: 14252: 14034: 13947: 13939: 13626: 13591: 12460: 12151: 12139: 12085: 12066: 12058: 12046: 12034: 12009: 11978: 11970: 11961: 11916: 11915:. Studies in Judaism in Modern Times, No. 4. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers. 11897: 11878: 11853: 11834: 11815: 11809: 11790: 11768: 11742: 11723: 11711: 11659: 11640: 11621: 11602: 11570: 11538: 11496: 11449: 11307: 11194: 10762: 10735: 10702: 10602: 10561: 10479: 10320: 10202: 10094: 9826: 9004: 8742: 8531: 8472: 8393: 8334: 7986: 7910: 7619: 7609: 7551: 7240:(in Latin). Svmptibvs Ioannis Lvdovici Gleditschii & Mavritii Georgii Weidmanni. 6879: 6434: 6416: 6386: 6377:, racing driver, No. 6 in 2012 International Rally Challenge Production cup standings 6332: 6041: 5794: 5786: 5782: 5670: 5475: 5408: 5326: 5201: 5145: 5136: 5011: 4987: 4957: 4887: 4732: 4663: 4624: 4558: 4531: 4516: 4508: 3393: 3345: 2534: 2232: 2154: 2081: 2061: 2032: 1983: 1945: 1893: 1809: 1798: 1642: 1564: 1405: 1355: 1095: 1023:

and it was named using a Slavic feminine form for the ancient Greek city of Odessos (

982: 761: 415: 283: 90: 12021: 11206: 9595: 9393: 9305:"Ukraine's Odesa, the 'pearl of the Black Sea', added to Unesco World Heritage list" 7464:

Nicknamed "Southern Capital" by an analogy with the nickname "Northern Capital" for

6431:, Olympic champion in 50 m Running Target at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich 1754: 14907: 14407: 14201: 14074: 14059: 13676: 13586: 12376: 12281: 12112: 12001: 11941: 11805: 11782: 11756: 11734: 11703: 11673: 11599:

How Things Were Done in Odessa: Cultural and Intellectual Pursuits in a Soviet City

11186: 10694: 10329: 9381: 9077: 9038: 9015: 8959: 8728: 8677: 7872: 7354: 7025: 6428: 6404: 6368: 6350: 6314: 6089: 6044:

architectural details and grand scale, was renovated by the state railway operator

6030: 6017:

Odesa is served by a number of railway stations and halts, the largest of which is

5790: 5762: 5750: 5623: 5457: 5387: 5379: 5334: 5153: 5062: 5026: 4980: 4931: 4834: 4773: 4735:, on Odesa's magnificent Prymorsky Bulvar, is one of the city's landmark buildings. 4689: 4201: 2586: 2538: 2359: 2269: 2139: 1996: 1825: 1716: 1537: 1428: 1068:, which was adopted for official use by Ukraine's cabinet in 2010, approved by the 1011: 993: 961: 926: 906: 835: 820: 791:, a significant oil terminal situated in the city's suburbs. Another notable port, 753: 457: 14361: 7772: 5961:

Intercity bus services are available from Odesa to many cities in Russia (Moscow,

4597: 1587: 14925: 14862: 14125: 14084: 14029: 13817: 13783: 13696: 13671: 13646: 13581: 13119: 12468: 12240: 12209: 12170: 11532: 11490: 11471: 11443: 11314: 11295: 10877: 10787: 9278: 9089: 9073: 9057: 9034: 9011: 8995: 8988: 8466: 8372: 8168: 7525: 7478: 7471: 7021: 6998: 6729: 6410: 6374: 6362: 6221: 6115: 6112: 5990: 5876: 5636: 5539: 5426: 5365: 5344: 5241: 5217: 5205: 5173: 5042: 5030: 5003: 4941: 4813: 4583: 4554: 4519: 4490: 4481: 4450:

In addition, every district has its own administration, subordinate to the Odesa

4359: 2617: 2354:, sometimes known as "Little Odesa". Domestic migration of the Odesan middle and 2221: 1988: 1935: 1886: 1623: 1598: 1590:(known in Russia as Osip Mikhailovich Deribas); today, the main street in Odesa, 1378: 1189: 1041: 1032: 780: 82: 11288: 10871:

Already today: Birthday of Janka Bryl (Ужо сёньня: Дзень нараджэньня Янкі Брыля)

9881: 9657: 9433: 9193:"Росія обстріляла Одесу крилатими ракетами, є влучання в об'єкти інфраструктури" 9163:"Унаслідок ракетного удару по Одесі загинуло п'ятеро людей, серед них – немовля" 9107:"Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ" 8512: 6064: 5907:

The M05 Highway links Odesa with the nation's capital, Kyiv. The Odesa junction.

4964:(comedian). Zhvanetsky's and Kartsev's success in the 1970s, along with Odesa's 4677:(previously Alexander Park), was founded in 1875, during a visit to the city by 2173: 2045:

In 1905, Odesa was the site of a workers' uprising supported by the crew of the

1959:

and anti-Jewish agitation from almost all Christian segments of the population.

1412: 15038: 15010: 14557: 14432: 14351: 14039: 13979: 13656: 13636: 13616: 13611: 13601: 13383: 13358: 13258: 13233: 12994: 12498: 12005: 9968:"Більше половини жителів Одещини вважають українську мову рідною — дослідження" 9061: 8105: 7502: 7466: 7325:"The Statue of Catherine II 'the Great' or the Monument to the Odessa Founders" 6780: 6690: 6581: 6422: 6344: 6248: 6237: 6189: 6069: 6034: 5853: 5746: 5582: 5402: 5275: 5181: 5161: 5131: 5119: 5070: 5034: 4999: 4949: 4872: 4535: 4193: 4161: 2594: 2416: 2401: 2378: 2351: 2158: 2143: 2135: 1882: 1790: 1580: 1576: 1483: 1424: 1393: 1386: 1137: 1125: 1020: 940: 788: 726: 714: 10698: 9385: 5840:

Odesa is a major maritime-transport hub that includes several ports including

5398:

before fleeing to Japanese-occupied Manchuria in 1938 to avoid being murdered.

5307:(1867–1906) (better known as "Lieutenant Schmidt"), one of the leaders of the 5114:, founded in 1933, has long been recognised as a centre of musical excellence. 1605:. The Russian Empire took full control of Crimea, as well as land between the 1436: 15032: 15022: 14832: 14334: 14329: 14293: 14069: 14054: 14044: 13803: 13343: 13051: 12493: 12478: 12180: 11932: 11637:

Réinventer la tradition. Alexandre Stourdza et l'Europe de la Sainte-Alliance

10606: 10441:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 668–669. 10432: 7914: 6508: 6477: 6398: 6305:, professional ballroom & Latin dancer on American Dancing With the Stars 6299:, professional ballroom & Latin dancer on American Dancing With the Stars 6290: 6284: 6266: 6252: 6233: 5962: 5912: 5880: 5841: 5758: 5724: 5659: 5594: 5562: 5543: 5442:

Kostyantyn Mykolayovych Bocharov (born 1997), better known by his stage name

5375: 5369: 5352: 5304: 5260: 5038: 5007: 4976: 4961: 4844: 4185: 4181: 4133: 4125: 4044: 3987: 3918: 3885: 3849: 3113: 2558: 2520: 2507: 2405: 2008: 2004: 1968: 1964: 1956: 1870: 1584: 1568: 1451: 800: 784: 234: 221: 12268: 11857: 11553: 11190: 10890: 10176: 10095:"Incumbent Odesa Mayor Trukhanov declared winner in Sunday mayoral election" 8957:[Only 3% of Ukrainians want their region to become part of Russia]. 8576: 7706: 7623: 7015:

Ukrainian local elections: City-by-city guide to this weekend’s runoff votes

6897: 5852:(freight only). The Port of Odesa became a provisional headquarters for the 1076:

and in dictionaries as the spelling for the Ukrainian city. As noted by the

444: 14872: 14837: 14719: 14518: 14457: 14447: 14396: 13958: 13883: 13798: 13681: 13661: 13651: 13559: 13333: 13288: 13238: 13223: 12483: 12437: 12244: 12116: 12013: 11198: 10150: 9702:"Данные Всесоюзной переписи населения 1926 года по регионам республик СССР" 9223:"Russia-Ukraine. The Russians shot at the cemetery and the house in Odessa" 8623: 8220: 7707:

UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems (February 2013). "Ukrainian".

6278: 6272: 6056: 5978: 5802: 5766: 5566: 5485: 5430: 5157: 5127: 5078: 5074: 4994:, bass player of the Israeli Metal band PallaneX is originally from Odesa. 4984: 4945: 4922: 4907: 4768:

is a major research library and the centre for studies in southern Ukraine.

4451: 4375: 4367: 4340: 4145: 4141: 2689: 2397: 2355: 2182: 2020: 2016: 1808:, who served as the city's governor between 1803 and 1814. Having fled the 1722: 1674: 1606: 1409: 1374: 1339: 1082:, many in the English-language media outlets historically spelled the city 741: 660: 276: 11804:

Kaufman, Bel; Oleg Gubar; Alexander Rozenboim (2004). Nicholas V. Iljine;

10870: 10321:"Odesa City Council finally agreed to demolish the monument to Catherine ( 10201:

Buildings for Music, Michael Forsythe, Cambridge University Press, p. 344

10069:"Official Website of the city administration: Structure of the Mayorality" 10042: 8674:

Deportacje ludności polskiej do Kazachstanu w 1936 roku. Zarys historyczny

8642: 8365: 7822:

Dictionary.com Unabridged, based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary

7817: 7518: 6599: 6521: 6293:(born 1953), football coach and former Olympic bronze medal-winning player 2419:

football matches in, but lost the competition to other cities in Ukraine.

2400:, chemicals, metalworking, and food processing. Odesa is also a Ukrainian 2365: 1361:

In the Middle Ages successive rulers of the Odesa region included various

440: 436: 14478: 13666: 13641: 13631: 13338: 13283: 13161: 13123: 13061: 13019: 12488: 12356: 12225: 12189:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–4. 10980:[Ukrainian Ports Association "Ukrport" unites 43 organizations]. 10426: 9106: 8733: 7603: 6454: 6356: 6338: 6229: 6101: 5478:(1918–2010), Israeli physical chemist who was the fifth president of the 5463: 5177: 5141: 5123: 5066: 5046: 4419: 4371: 4113: 3930: 3879: 2550: 2212: 2127: 2123: 1904: 1874: 1829: 1689: 1646: 765: 656: 288: 10985: 10637: 9999:"За рік в Україні кількість українськомовних зросла до 71% – опитування" 9640:"Статья в журнале "Держава" "Сколько действительно населения в Одессе?"" 8864:"Дніпропетровськ і Одеса втратили ЧЄ, бо не виконали взяті зобов'язання" 8577:"UCRAINA: Odessa città napoletana, dove l'italiano era lingua ufficiale" 8229:[Creation and development of the city of Odesa] (in Ukrainian). 7359:"The Ethnic Composition of the City of Odessa in the Nineteenth Century" 6806: 5228: 2565:

river and some 443 km (275 mi) south of the Ukrainian capital

432: 14954: 14888: 14852: 14847: 14784: 14777: 14729: 14602: 14541: 14417: 13916: 13858: 13853: 13777: 13763: 13719: 12386: 12346: 12341: 12248: 12124: 12031:

City of Rogues and Schnorrers: Russia's Jews and the Myth of Old Odessa

11953: 11737:(2002). "Commerce and Architecture in Odessa in Late Imperial Russia". 11552:Гончарук Т.Г.; Гуцалюк С.Б.; Сапожников І.В.; Сапожникова Г.В. (1999). 11057: 10557:

City of Rogues and Schnorrers: Russia's Jews and the Myth of Old Odessa

9028:

Bomb Explosion in Odessa Could Have Targeted Ukraine Army Charity Point

8254:"Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel Sophie Septemanie du Plessis, Duc de" 7295:"CHAPTER 5 LUGANIAN CHARACTER TWENTY YEARS LATER: NECESSARY CORRECTION" 7204: 7040:

The number of the available population of Ukraine as of January 1, 2022

6677: 6469: 6097: 6093: 6060:

Share of the Belgian company "Tramways d'Odessa", issued 24 August 1881

6026: 5970: 5778: 5531: 5520:(born 1983), Ukrainian entrepreneur and businessman, was born in Odesa. 5491: 5149: 4876: 4868: 4623:. There is also a number of historic cemeteries, including the Cossack 4590:

and natural shelter for civilians, who were escaping airplane bombing.

4547: 4227: 4165: 4095: 4083: 4050: 4026: 3999: 3981: 3948: 3912: 3843: 2621:

the city, the result is instability under some buildings' foundations.

2445: 2374: 2185:, Odesa was attacked by Romanian and German troops in August 1941. The 2131: 1938:(constructed 1837–1841), which were famously featured in the 1925 film 1833: 1705: 1479: 1343: 1072:

in 2012, and adopted by the BGN/PCGN in 2019. This spelling appears in

1004: 773: 745: 11566:

Odessa, 1941–1944: A Case Study of Soviet Territory Under Foreign Rule

10728:

Endelman, Todd M.; Gitelman, Zvi; Moore, Deborah Dash (7 April 2020).

8696: 8684: 7708: 6353:, Olympic champion in volleyball at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico 5443: 2448:

Coordination Center and a cargo train car were (non-lethally) bombed.

992:

Odesa is sometimes called the Pearl by the Sea, the Southern Capital,

14938: 14918: 14912: 14894: 14800: 14771: 14562: 14422: 14277: 13878: 13758: 13248: 13156: 13009: 12999: 12391: 12336: 12321: 10660:"Insightful Biography of Hebrew Poet H. N. Bialik Misses Key Element" 10500:"Insightful Biography of Hebrew Poet H. N. Bialik Misses Key Element" 10300: 9672:"Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей" 7115: 6832: 6801: 6716: 6612: 6586: 6482: 6269:, Olympic champion in decathlon at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich 6194: 6119: 5966: 5833: 5742: 5737:

A number of scientists have lived and worked in Odesa. They include:

5696: 5586: 5317:(1880–1940), was born in Odesa, and largely developed his version of 5082: 4650: 4579: 4575: 4574:

mined nearby. Abandoned mines were later used and broadened by local

4571: 4197: 4189: 4169: 4153: 4149: 4119: 4107: 4056: 4011: 4005: 3954: 3936: 3873: 2643: 2613: 2605: 2554: 2546: 2053: 1728: 1709: 1678: 1669: 1618: 1572: 1461: 1447: 1420: 1366: 733: 718: 706: 648: 468: 14613: 11945: 11803: 10296:"Odesa deputies back decision to dismantle monument to Catherine II" 6793: 5879:, whilst river cruises can occasionally be booked for travel up the 2561:, approximately 31 km (19 mi) north of the estuary of the 736:, which was named Odessa soon after. From 1819 to 1858, Odesa was a 14943: 14932: 14857: 14822: 14816: 14805: 14765: 14751: 14745: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14567: 14467: 14462: 13888: 13873: 13868: 13833: 13753: 13473: 13171: 13066: 13056: 12381: 12361: 12331: 11473:

Notes of the Imperial Odesa Society of History and Artifacts. Vol.2

11331: 10758:

Art in Zion: The Genesis of Modern National Art in Jewish Palestine

9139:(in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України. 9093: 9067:

Latest Explosion in Odessa Strikes Pro-Ukraine Organization (Video)

8999: 6755: 6724: 6560: 6201: 6183: 6077: 5986: 5951: 5943: 5868: 5819: 5692: 5678: 5640: 5632: 5570: 5527: 5422: 5287: 4969: 4477: 4231: 4212: 4089: 4068: 4032: 3975: 3900: 3831: 2639: 2562: 2347: 2273: 1768: 1701: 1654: 1638: 1610: 1503: 1495: 13943:

Partially claimed and partially controlled by Russia as a part of

11789:. Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Johns Hopkins University Press. 10691:

The Poetics of Prophecy: Modern Afterlives of a Biblical Tradition

10560:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 13–22, 142–156. 5646: 4684:

In the center of the park is the local top-flight football team's

4586:. During World War II, the catacombs served as a hiding place for 1685: 1486:

in the 9th century, as well as various Italian colonies after the

14948: 14795: 14790: 14758: 14713: 14686: 14582: 14577: 14010: 13843: 13813: 13793: 13788: 13773: 13393: 13368: 13318: 13253: 13071: 13046: 13014: 12351: 11896:. East European Monographs. New York: Columbia University Press. 11894:

The Greeks of Odessa: Diaspora Leadership in Late Imperial Russia

11759:(2003). "Port Jews of Odessa and Trieste: A Tale of Two Cities". 9462:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010" 7498: 6991: 6905: 6884: 6871: 6866: 6840: 6827: 6819: 6775: 6742: 6737: 6698: 6685: 6672: 6664: 6651: 6633: 6625: 6573: 6516: 6503: 6490: 5998: 5947: 5935: 5927: 5884: 5856:, following the Russian occupation of Crimea in 2014. Before the 5598: 5590: 5446:

is a native of Odesa. He is best known for winning season six of

5436: 5386:, was a native Odesan. Another intelligence agent from Odesa was 5348: 5318: 5189: 4383: 4038: 3993: 3924: 3855: 2703: 2582: 1976: 1930: 1920: 1631: 1627: 1499: 1435:). Khadjibey was first mentioned in 1415 in Polish chronicles by 1390: 1316: 997: 644: 425: 295: 264: 11233: 10473: 10124: 10068: 9051:

French Leader Urges End to Sanctions Against Russia Over Ukraine

8925:"At least 35 killed in Odessa, Ukraine, as building set on fire" 8008:"Одесские достопримечательности — раскопки греческого поселения" 6287:, European Athletics Championships in shot put at 2002 in Munich 5029:. It has also produced many musicians, including the violinists 5025:

Odesa produced one of the founders of the Soviet violin school,

5017: 2161:. In 1937, around 1,000 Poles were executed in Odesa during the 1924: 14691: 14437: 13900: 13768: 13176: 13076: 13034: 13029: 13024: 12989: 12984: 12197: 11492:

History of Ukraine and its people (История Украйны и ее народа)

11445:

Kaleidoscopic Odessa: History and Place in Contemporary Ukraine

10978:"Ассоциация портов Украины "Укрпорт" объединяет 43 организаций" 9363: 6923: 6918: 6910: 6858: 6814: 6788: 6711: 6703: 6646: 6620: 6607: 6594: 6555: 6542: 6495: 6022: 5982: 5974: 5931: 5888: 5849: 5628: 5574: 5535: 5412: 5252: 4543: 4205: 4173: 4157: 4062: 3942: 3867: 3861: 2470: 2343: 2300:

Obverse of the Soviet campaign medal "For the Defence of Odesa"

2150: 1967:. Many Odesan Jews fled abroad after 1882, particularly to the 1960: 1416: 1370: 1354:

confirm extensive links between the Odesa area and the eastern

796: 757: 749: 705:. The first chronicle mention of the Slavic settlement-port of 680: 494: 473: 10323:Одеська міськрада нарешті погодилася знести пам'ятник Катерині 10288: 8465:

Dundovich, Elena; Gori, Francesca; Guercett, Emanuela (2004).

7149:

Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022

6021:(Main Station). From this station services connect Odesa with 5903: 799:, to the south-west of Odesa. Together they represent a major 14901: 14867: 14842: 14572: 14526: 14452: 14442: 13848: 13823: 12174: 7547:

The Greek Settlements in Thrace Until the Macedonian Conquest

6892: 6853: 6845: 6750: 6659: 6568: 6547: 6534: 6529: 6464: 6225: 5994: 5872: 5391: 4630:

In late 2022 one of the city's former central landmarks, the

3817: 2612:

The coastal cliffs adjacent to the city are home to frequent

2057: 2015:

sent many of them to Italy, or to other cities in Europe. In

1999:

became the second official language in Odesa, after Russian.

1897: 1785:

as Governor of Odesa in 1803. Richelieu played a role during

1773: 1362: 1016: 13951:

Partially controlled by Russia, but not claimed as its part.

12432: 12264:

Odesa yesterday. Odesa today. Images gallery. Prospekt Group

11384:"Dauerhafte und lebendige Partnerschaft mit Odessa aufbauen" 11328:"Drivers - IRC Intercontinental Rally Challenge - Eurosport" 10270: 8302:"Odessa, 1812: Plague and Tyranny at the Edge of the Empire" 7292: 7178:"Ukraine's Odesa city put on UNESCO heritage in danger list" 5429:

best known for his shows targeting different aspects of the

4495: 694:, which has damaged or destroyed buildings across the city. 14810: 14724: 14681: 14531: 14427: 13863: 13828: 13808: 13714: 13564: 11174: 10693:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 152–173, 10125:"Official Website of the city administration: City Council" 8106:"Історія Одеси. Що робить її справжнім українським містом?" 7682:"Open Letter of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine" 6638: 5892: 5411:(born 1985), a girl from Odesa who looks very similar to a 5395: 5364:(1899 - 1981), a native Odesan painter and sculptor of the 5156:, were both born in Odesa. The Italian writer, Slavist and 5085:. (Note: Richter studied in Odesa but was not born there.) 4800:

In addition to these universities, the city is home to the

4429:

The territory of Odesa is divided into four administrative

4423: 4418:

The City Council of the city makes up the administration's

4216: 4177: 4101: 3969: 3906: 3837: 3445: 2698: 2566: 2498:

in the Gulf of Odesa. The city is located on the Black Sea.

2138:

in its struggle with the Bolsheviks. The Ukrainian general

1916: 1645:. The main fortress was built near Sucleia at the mouth of 1304: 1280: 1055: 853: 847: 838: 732:

was issued to establish a navy harbor and trading place in

10452:

Commons:Category:Medici lions at Vorontsov palace in Odesa

8636: 8634: 8632: 8530:(in German). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. p. 252. 8188: 8186: 8184: 8182: 8180: 8178: 5860:, the Port of Odesa harbored the major Soviet cruise line 5643:

is the biggest private company and the biggest tax payer.

4944:

in New York and father of the actor, director and teacher

4422:

branch, thus effectively making it a city 'parliament' or

4350: 4144:

is also home to many different nationalities and minority

2713:

Climate data for Odesa (1991–2020, extremes 1894–present)

2288:

Postage stamp of the USSR 1965 "Hero-City Odesa 1941–1945"

14001: 11470:

Imperial, Odesa Society of History and Artifacts (1848).

9896:"Seventh Ukrainian Municipal Survey, May 12–June 3, 2021" 9882:"Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України" 8955:"Лише 3% українців хочуть приєднання їх області до Росії" 8894:"Ukraine clashes: dozens dead after Odessa building fire" 8359: 6037:'s premier stations, was destroyed through enemy action. 5021:

The main hall of the Odesa Philharmonic Society's theatre

4965: 2697:

temperatures often reaching the high 20s and low 30s °C.

2685: 1877:-style society that was to play an important role in the 1777:) of the city's wealthy residents, including that of the 1003:

In 1795 the city was named Odessa in accordance with the

13199: 11620:. Paris: Editions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme. 10687:"Haim Nahman Bialik: The National Poet's Cup of Sorrows" 7973:. 11 May 2022. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022 6984: 6982: 5635:

is the most popular retail chain in Odesa. Key areas of

5152:, a poet and writer, as well as the poet and journalist 4507:. It was started with the important contribution of the 4414:

An old map of Odesa's city centre. North is to the left.

2338:

Ships at anchor in Odesa – the USSR's largest port, 1960

1723:

Renaming of the settlement and establishment of sea port

529: 13549: 12063:

Pogroms: Anti-Jewish Violence in Modern Russian History

11146:"Snap acquires Ukrainian startup AI Factory for $ 166M" 9279:"Ukraine's Odesa designated Unesco World Heritage site" 8629: 8263:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 302–303. 8175: 8141: 7650:"United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names" 5922:

Odesa is linked to the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv, by the

5695:

and AI Factory both developed in Odesa and acquired by

4704:

The city's Preobrazhensky Park surrounds its cathedral.

4250:

Distribution of the population of the city of Odesa by

2379:

uniquely accented dialect of Russian spoken in the city

1975:, and the city became an important base of support for 886: 721:, and remained in it until the Ottomans' defeat in the 16:

City and administrative center of Odesa Oblast, Ukraine

12202: 11867:

A History of Odessa, the Last Italian Black Sea Colony

10861:Академія наук вищої школи України. 1992-2010. Довідник 9083:

Mysterious bombing rocks Ukrainian port city of Odessa

7144:Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 6992:

Trukhanov officially won the mayoral election in Odesa

5488:(born 1950), Ukrainian scientist, professor, academic. 5329:(1898–1967), a military commander in World War II and 5257:

Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy

1944:. It was built with the important contribution of the 1454:

at Khadjibey (also known as Hocabey), which was named

14994: 11678:"Greek Merchants in Odessa in the Nineteenth Century" 11656:

Odesa: New Monuments, Memorial Plaques, and Buildings

11089:. Odesa Regional State Administration. Archived from 10727: 10474:

Anderson, Nancy K.; Anna Andreevna Akhmatova (2004).

10035: 9564:: In 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional Volumes) 8643:"The Ukrainian Navy and the Crimean Issue in 1917-18" 8464: 8413:. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. 7519:"Odesa: Through Cossacks, Khans and Russian Emperors" 7104: 7102: 6979: 6193:

Chornomorets Stadium renovated in preparation to the

6170:. The main professional football club in the city is 4975:

Odesa was also the home of the late Armenian painter

4972:

festival, carried out around the beginning of April.

4960:

writer, who began his career as a port engineer) and

4902:, Museum of Heroic Defense of Odesa (411th Battery). 4570:

Most of the city's 19th-century houses were built of

4208:

and other countries, shrinking the Jewish community.

1738: 1660:

The Flemish engineer working for the Russian Empress

1423:(named for Hacı I Giray, and also spelled Kocibey in 975: 920: 862: 850: 12311: 12101:

The Revolution of 1905 in Odessa: Blood on the Steps

12082:

The Revolution of 1905 in Odessa: Blood on the Steps

9602: 8203: 8201: 7293:

O. M. Yeremenko; A. V. Kroytor (21 September 2020).

6200:

Basketball is also a prominent sport in Odesa, with

5494:(1917 – 2006), Belarusian writer, was born in Odesa. 2573:

lies some 40 km (25 mi) west of the city.

1881:, was founded in Odesa in 1814 before relocating to 1579:. One section of the troops came under command of a 1544:, established trade routes through the port for the 1490:. Under Catherine the Great, Russia gained, via the 844: 14391: 12226:

Map of the current public transport routes in Odesa

11534:Історія Хаджибея (Одеси) 1415-1795 рр. в документах 10087: 8766: 8764: 8714: 8702: 8690: 8366:

Odesa: Through Cossacks, Khans and Russian Emperors

5954:which is located in the south east of the country. 5621:Daily sales, according to the Ukrainian periodical 2569:. The international border between Ukraine and the 954: 841: 15074:Populated places established in the Russian Empire 13920:Claimed and partially controlled by Russia as the 11781: 10901:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 433. 9756:(in Romanian). Editura Meronia. 2002. p. 358. 9518: 9253:"Sirens and Flaming Shots — Life in Wartime Odesa" 7099: 6371:, Olympic silver and bronze medalist in gymnastics 4983:and the Greek philologist, author and promoter of 4894:, which is housed in a neoclassical building, the 4804:, the National Academy of Telecommunications, the 2099:, Odesa saw two Bolshevik armed insurgencies, the 1700:However, adjacent to the new official locality, a 1462:Russian conquest of Sanjak of Özi (Ochakiv Oblast) 1342:no later than the middle of the 6th century BC (a 12259:The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot 12136:The Jews of Odessa: A Cultural History, 1794–1881 10783:"Jacob Weinberg: Piano Concerto No. 2 in C Major" 10526:"Israel's national poet Bialik honored in Odessa" 9327: 8989:Two dead after Ukraine rocked by series of blasts 8555:"Odessa, la città ucraina fondata da un italiano" 8198: 8172:. History of Ukraine and its people. Litres. 2018 6111:One additional mode of transport in Odesa is the 5898: 5631:Viktor A. Dobrianskyi and three partners of his. 5433:and post-Soviet everyday life, was born in Odesa. 5333:, was born in Odesa, whilst renowned Nazi hunter 5130:, are set in the city. Other Odesans are the duo 4886:, which is dedicated to detailing the short time 4137:Historic ethnic and national composition of Odesa 2553:. The city lies on the northwestern coast of the 2408:. It is known for its large outdoor market – the 1832:. His contributions to the city are mentioned by 15030: 11028:"HHLA sucht Terminals auch jenseits von Hamburg" 10045:(in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України. 9584: 8761: 7991:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5188:of this period. In 1955 Kataev became the first 4905:Among the city's public sculptures, two sets of 2451:Until 18 July 2020, Odesa was incorporated as a 1953:city became the home of a large Jewish community 1649:as the Head Dniester Fortress by Engineer-Major 13394: 13269: 12169: 11971:"Odessa and the Problem of Urban Modernization" 10992: 10970: 9505:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 9469:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 9044: 8438: 8436: 8434: 8432: 8138:. Warsaw: Księg. G. Gebethner, p.41 (in Polish) 7069: 7067: 6449:List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine 5867:Passenger ships and ferries connect Odesa with 5092:is also held in this city annually since 2010. 4613:Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Cathedral 4480:view of Prymorsky Boulevard, at the top of the 2393:85.38% of Odesa Oblast voted for independence. 2220:. Partisan fighting continued, however, in the 2142:who sided with Bolsheviks managed to drive the 1907:of 1853–1856, during which it was bombarded by 1731:was officially renamed with the feminine name " 42: 11767:. München: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt: 182–198. 9846:"Ukrainian Municipal Survey, March 2–20, 2015" 9795: 9793: 9400: 7264:""Наш завзятий Головатий" повернувся до Одеси" 6943:List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Ukraine 6407:(born 1970), Israeli competitive figure skater 6383:, ocean rower, Guinness records holder (twice) 5667:tourism sector is of great importance to Odesa 4638:, was dismantled and temporarily moved to the 4596:, an attractive pedestrian avenue named after 4362:, the seat of the city's municipal authorities 2664:, using the 0 °C isotherm), bordering a 14629: 14494: 14377: 13987: 13535: 13147: 13103: 12418: 12297: 12273: 12033:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. 11741:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 7135: 6442: 5514:in the interwar Lithuania, was born in Odesa. 5466:(1899–1973), the first Chief of Staff of the 5382:(1850–1918) as one of the first spies of the 4215:, with the second largest ethnic group being 3474: 2688:culture and the establishment of a number of 2272:, when the city was finally liberated by the 1732: 19:"Odessa" redirects here. For other uses, see 13963: 12059:"The Pogrom of 1905 in Odessa: A Case Study" 11831:Odessa: Genius and Death in a City of Dreams 11672: 11168: 9801:"All-Ukrainian Census of 2001 Official Site" 8715:Mykhailutsa, Mykola; Niculcea, Igor (2020). 8429: 8213: 8066: 7534:, 18 November 2014 (retrieved 2 August 2015) 7234:Długosz, Jan; Hoppe, Samuel Joachim (1711). 7233: 7064: 6365:, Olympic champion in figure skating in 1992 6275:, Olympic champion in figure skating in 1994 6178:. Chornomorets play their home games at the 5266: 2177:A Soviet gun crew in action at Odesa in 1941 1548:and set up the infrastructure in the 1780s. 12133: 11814:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 11739:Commerce in Russian Urban Culture 1861–1914 11710:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 10950:. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. 9790: 9562:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary 8984: 8982: 8569: 8549: 8547: 8064: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8050: 8048: 8046: 7388: 7386: 7317: 7286: 5343:(1873 - 1934), a poet and innovator in the 5337:(1908–2005) lived in the city in 1934/1935. 4856:just like many other landmarks of the city. 2157:in 1921–1922 due to the Soviet policies of 2026: 1995:. At the beginning of the 19th century the 14636: 14622: 14508: 14501: 14487: 14384: 14370: 13994: 13980: 13542: 13528: 13110: 13096: 12425: 12411: 12304: 12290: 9576:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9548: 8390:The Crimean War: The Truth Behind the Myth 7597: 7595: 7593: 7591: 7589: 7008: 5223: 4774:Odesa 'I.I. Mechnykov' National University 3818:Historical ethnic and national composition 2384: 2149:The people of Odesa suffered badly from a 2084:, one of the oldest cinema studios in the 15069:1794 establishments in the Russian Empire 12065:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 11991: 11929: 11596: 11530: 11488: 10549: 10547: 10467: 9592:"Одесса в Большой советской энциклопедии" 8732: 8640: 8503: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8495: 8458: 8403: 8278:. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. 7481:, Volume 42, October 1840, p. 19 (a non- 6281:, European Footballer of the Year in 1986 5472:Technion – Israel Institute of Technology 5394:in 1920 and reached two-star rank in the 4839: 4404:when 54.28% of the voters voted for him. 1070:UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names 744:, it was an important trading port and a 12138:. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. 12079: 12056: 11864: 11847: 11469: 10941: 10387: 10385: 9840: 9838: 9454: 8979: 8947: 8618: 8616: 8599:"Odessa. Un'identità mutevole e plurale" 8544: 8192: 8147: 8043: 7383: 6425:(born 1979), football manager and player 6311:(1911–1986), NFL All-Pro football player 6188: 6157: 6063: 6055: 6008: 5902: 5827: 5645: 5603: 5270: 5235: 5227: 5105: 5016: 4921: 4843: 4759: 4649: 4494: 4409: 4354: 4230:made up 62% of the Odesa's inhabitants, 4132: 2642:view of central Odesa, as seen from the 2604:The city's location on the coast of the 2489: 2364: 2333: 2329: 2202: 2172: 2036: 1929: 1753: 1745: 1684: 1555:, on 25 September 1789, a detachment of 1517: 1509: 1329: 14971:Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine 12098: 11968: 11755: 11733: 11702: 11634: 11615: 10631: 10421: 9996: 8525: 8519: 8326: 8103: 7601: 7586: 7353: 6437:(born 2000), professional tennis player 6419:, world champion in rhythmic gymnastics 6413:(born 1994), professional tennis player 5911:The first car in the Russian Empire, a 4865:Odesa Museum of Western and Eastern Art 4802:National University "Odesa Law Academy" 4582:of tunnels beneath Odesa, known as the 4578:. This created a gigantic, complicated 4351:Government and administrative divisions 4332:According to a survey conducted by the 4198:mass deportation to extermination camps 3186:Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 1601:(Iaşi) in 1792 and it became a part of 15031: 11910: 11562: 11226: 10800: 10544: 9978:from the original on 26 September 2023 9426: 8922: 8492: 8273: 7903:"Guardian and Observer style guide: O" 6317:(born 1936), football player and coach 6092:system is currently made up of trams, 5727:galleries, one of the city's landmarks 4654:A park at Prymorskiy prospekt in Odesa 4542:; its luxurious hall was built in the 2475:list of world heritage sites in danger 2391:1991 Ukrainian independence referendum 1903:Odesa's growth was interrupted by the 1066:Ukrainian National romanization system 1054:in 1991 (similarly to the spelling of 760:. Its historical architecture is more 342:162.42 km (62.71 sq mi) 14643: 14617: 14482: 14365: 13975: 13962: 13523: 13091: 12406: 12285: 12272: 12134:Zipperstein, Steven J. (1991) . 12099:Herlihy, Patricia (1994). "Review of 12028: 11891: 11653: 11569:. Iaşi: Center for Romanian Studies. 11416:(in Ukrainian). Odesa. Archived from 11360:(in Ukrainian). Odesa. Archived from 11260:"Cable car to beach "Otrada" - Odesa" 11116:"Snap became a resident of UNIT.City" 11025: 10754: 10625: 10613:from the original on 14 November 2016 10592: 10553: 10403:from the original on 18 February 2023 10382: 10370:from the original on 29 December 2019 10355: 10337:from the original on 30 November 2022 10308:from the original on 30 November 2022 10131:from the original on 12 November 2011 9888: 9835: 9734:from the original on 10 November 2021 9536:from the original on 20 November 2012 9233:from the original on 16 December 2023 8655:from the original on 11 November 2019 8613: 8392:, Chatto & Windus, London, 2004, 8347:from the original on 16 December 2023 8282:from the original on 16 December 2023 8134:Łubieński, Tomasz Wentworth. (1886). 8070: 7941:"The ABC Style Guide | About the ABC" 7630:from the original on 16 December 2023 7564:from the original on 16 December 2023 7544:Isaac, Benjamin H. (1 January 1986). 7543: 7244:from the original on 16 December 2023 7123:from the original on 30 December 2022 6335:(born 1975), Olympic champion swimmer 6323:, Olympic silver medalist in shot put 6210:39th European Basketball Championship 5813: 4795:Odesa National Polytechnic University 4454:, and with limited responsibilities. 3448:(humidity 1981–2010, sun 1991–2020) 2412:, the largest of its kind in Europe. 1007:of Empress Catherine II. Catherine's 925: 891: 350:3,656 km (1,412 sq mi) 15079:Populated places established in 1794 12229:(in English, Ukrainian, and Russian) 12221:(in English, Ukrainian, and Russian) 11828: 11524:Bibliography of the history of Odesa 11270:from the original on 4 November 2016 11056:. Odessa-info.com.ua. Archived from 11034:from the original on 21 January 2022 10813:from the original on 20 October 2017 10634:"Ze'ev Jabotinsky – Brief Biography" 10595:"Odessa Celebrates April Fools' Day" 10183:from the original on 15 October 2011 10157:from the original on 19 January 2012 10105:from the original on 29 October 2015 10075:from the original on 19 October 2011 9912:from the original on 28 January 2022 9862:from the original on 28 January 2022 9807:from the original on 20 October 2013 9778:from the original on 23 October 2015 9682:from the original on 23 January 2022 9490: 9315:from the original on 26 January 2023 9285:from the original on 26 January 2023 9259:from the original on 1 November 2022 8967:from the original on 6 November 2019 8794:from the original on 6 February 2016 7951:from the original on 5 November 2020 7394:"Odessa: Architecture and Monuments" 7215:from the original on 25 January 2023 5452:and for representing Ukraine in the 5378:(ca.1873–1925), who was employed by 5331:Defense Minister of the Soviet Union 4900:Odesa Museum of the Regional History 4806:Odesa State Environmental University 4645: 4378:, and it is the only constituent of 2557:along the southwestern shore of the 2424:2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine 15049:Populated coastal places in Ukraine 13551:Administrative divisions of Ukraine 11969:Skinner, Frederick W. (1986). 11761:Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts 10954:from the original on 3 January 2015 10923:from the original on 6 January 2024 10775: 10684: 10476:The word that causes death's defeat 10463:Commons:File:Starosinnyi Garden.JPG 9442:from the original on 16 August 2013 9414:from the original on 5 October 2011 8838:"Ukrainian Independence Referendum" 8591: 8327:Robarts, Andrew (1 December 2016). 8005: 7157:State Statistics Service of Ukraine 7108: 7075:"Kyiv, Odesa, and what's in a name" 7053:from the original on 10 August 2022 6240:in the women's all-around event at 6166:The most popular sport in Odesa is 6051: 5538:. He was a major figure within the 5255:in and around the city. The city's 4979:(1918–2003), the Ukrainian painter 4930:, National Gallery of Art Library, 4926:The Pushkin Monument, Odesa, 1889, 1889:nature was documented by the great 1442: 965: 783:. The city of Odesa hosts both the 13: 13185: 11517: 11240:from the original on 11 March 2005 11126:from the original on 7 August 2020 10781:von Rhein, John (19 August 2005). 10333:(in Ukrainian). 30 November 2022. 10049:from the original on 27 March 2023 9754:Recensămintele României: 1899–1992 9203:from the original on 5 August 2022 9173:from the original on 5 August 2022 8874:from the original on 31 March 2022 8844:from the original on 14 April 2022 8676:(in Polish). Warszawa: Kancelaria 8641:Tynchenko, Yaros (23 March 2018), 8219: 8116:from the original on 5 August 2022 8085:from the original on 29 March 2022 8079:Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine 8018:from the original on 11 April 2020 7921:from the original on 17 March 2016 7883:from the original on 20 March 2022 7723:from the original on 20 April 2022 7662:from the original on 19 April 2022 7605:Odessa : a history, 1794-1914 7347: 7202: 7155:(in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: 5390:(1900–1945), who joined the Odesa 5298: 5168:One of the most prominent pre-war 4787:Odesa National Economic University 4334:International Republican Institute 4240:International Republican Institute 3469: 2464:faced some Russian bombing attacks 2415:Odesa was a contender for hosting 1828:, unveiled in 1828 to a design by 1396:traded there in the 14th century. 14: 15120: 14176:Museum of Western and Eastern Art 12163: 11618:Lieux d'Europe. Mythes et limites 11156:from the original on 15 July 2020 10803:"Barbie Flu Spreading in Ukraine" 10801:Soldak, Katya (17 October 2012). 10574:from the original on 4 March 2016 10358:"How was the City Garden formed?" 10009:from the original on 14 July 2023 9948:from the original on 19 July 2023 9498:"Odesa Climate Normals 1991–2020" 9345:from the original on 23 July 2019 9335:"About change area of Odesa city" 9143:from the original on 2 March 2021 8308:from the original on 29 June 2022 8226:Виникнення і розвиток міста Одеса 7828:from the original on 24 June 2022 7783:from the original on 17 July 2015 7753:from the original on 27 June 2014 7688:from the original on 6 April 2022 7335:from the original on 13 July 2023 7305:from the original on 13 July 2023 7166:from the original on 4 July 2022. 7087:from the original on 12 July 2022 6763: 6341:(born 1983), US chess grandmaster 5832:Odesa has long been an important 5126:, whose series of short stories, 5090:Odesa International Film Festival 4793:(founded 1900), the 1918-founded 4791:Odesa National Medical University 4766:Odesa National Scientific Library 4749:Odesa National Medical University 4632:monument to the founders of Odesa 4526:and many other public buildings. 2235:to extermination camps in German 1634:wooden church of Saint Nicholas. 994:Odesa-mama and the Humour Capital 15054:Port cities and towns in Ukraine 15016: 15004: 14346: 14345: 13118: 12312:Catherinian pseudo-Hellenization 12234:The murder of the Jews of Odessa 11975:The City in Late Imperial Russia 11435: 11402: 11376: 11346: 11320: 11301: 11282: 11252: 11213: 11138: 11108: 11072: 11046: 11019: 11010: 10948:Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine 10935: 10905: 10883: 10864: 10855: 10843:from the original on 24 May 2019 10825: 10794: 10755:Manor, Dalia (3 December 2004). 10748: 10721: 10678: 10652: 10586: 10518: 10492: 10456: 10445: 10415: 10349: 10263: 10237: 10211: 10195: 10169: 10143: 10117: 10061: 10021: 9997:Свобода, Радіо (10 March 2023). 9990: 9960: 9924: 9874: 9819: 9760: 9746: 9720: 9708:from the original on 4 July 2021 9117:from the original on 9 July 2021 8963:(in Ukrainian). 3 January 2015. 8749:from the original on 21 May 2022 8417:from the original on 4 June 2023 8411:"The Jewish Community of Odessa" 8233:from the original on 9 June 2023 7806:. Oxford University Press. 2023. 7274:from the original on 15 May 2022 6917: 6904: 6891: 6878: 6865: 6852: 6839: 6826: 6813: 6800: 6787: 6774: 6749: 6736: 6723: 6710: 6697: 6684: 6671: 6658: 6645: 6632: 6619: 6606: 6593: 6580: 6567: 6554: 6541: 6528: 6515: 6502: 6489: 6476: 6463: 6125: 5973:), Germany (Berlin, Hamburg and 5749:(Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952), 5741:(Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908), 5716: 5704: 5581:The port of Odesa is one of the 4740: 4724: 4709: 4697: 4553:Odesa's most iconic symbol, the 4464: 2626: 2541:which being part of the greater 2460:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 2317: 2305: 2293: 2281: 1553:Russian-Turkish War of 1787–1792 1546:Polish Black Sea Trading Company 1325: 1310: 1298: 1286: 1274: 1258: 1250: 1242: 1230: 1218: 1207: 1195: 1183: 1171: 1159: 1147: 1131: 1119: 1107: 834: 677:List of World Heritage in Danger 257: 189: 182: 156: 149: 125: 115: 101: 64: 11892:Mazis, John Athanasios (2004). 11601:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 11593:Complete book available online. 11448:. University of Toronto Press. 11441: 9694: 9664: 9658:"Cities & Towns of Ukraine" 9650: 9632: 9620:from the original on 3 May 2011 9435:Погода и Климат – Климат Одессы 9357: 9297: 9271: 9245: 9215: 9185: 9155: 9129: 9099: 9021: 8916: 8904:from the original on 3 May 2014 8886: 8856: 8830: 8824: 8818: 8812: 8806: 8776: 8770: 8708: 8703:Mykhailutsa & Niculcea 2020 8691:Mykhailutsa & Niculcea 2020 8666: 8382: 8320: 8294: 8274:Morton, Edward (12 July 1830). 8267: 8245: 8207: 8153: 8128: 8104:Штекель, Михайло (2 May 2021). 8097: 8030: 7999: 7963: 7933: 7895: 7865: 7840: 7810: 7795: 7765: 7735: 7700: 7674: 7642: 7576: 7537: 7512: 7488: 7458: 7436: 7416: 7256: 7227: 7203:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. 6096:, buses and fixed-route taxis ( 5942:which runs from Odesa, through 5745:(Nobel Prize in Physics 1958), 5585:'s most important bases on the 5232:An aerial image of Beach Chayka 4928:Department of Image Collections 4810:Odesa National Maritime Academy 3455: 2168: 2080:in Odesa. The film was made at 2041:Bolshevik troops entering Odesa 1965:1821, 1859, 1871, 1881 and 1905 1824:Richelieu is commemorated by a 1821:, who succeeded him in office. 1664:, José de Ribas's collaborator 1143:Beginning of 1917–21 Revolution 1094:For a chronological guide, see 15099:1794 establishments in Ukraine 15094:Holocaust locations in Ukraine 14551:Awarded by independent Ukraine 12255:The Jewish Community of Odessa 12173:; Bealby, John Thomas (1911). 11833:. W. W. Norton & Company. 11489:Yefimenko, Aleksandra (2018). 11476:. Odesa: Odesa City Typography 10530:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com 9113:(in Ukrainian). 18 July 2020. 7268:«Антидот» і «детокс» від «Дня» 7205:"The Historic Centre of Odesa" 7196: 7170: 7031: 6960: 6389:, Russian ice dancing champion 6232:was born in the city. Gymnast 6142:Boryspil International Airport 6138:Ukraine International Airlines 5899:Roads and automotive transport 5601:via the logistics group HHLA. 5259:is one of the world's leading 4615:, Lutheran St. Paul's Church, 4505:Odesa Opera and Ballet Theater 4402:2020 Mayoral election of Odesa 4395:2015 Mayoral election of Odesa 2270:and recapture on 10 April 1944 1993:Odesa Opera and Ballet Theater 1617:where the Turkish fortress of 1338:Odesa was the site of a large 1154:Russian Provisional Government 1: 14666:City of district significance 14661:City of regional significance 11852:. Moscow: Raduga Publishers. 10892:"Pachmann, Vladimir de" 10833:"Vitaly (VITALIV) Vinogradov" 10636:. Liberal.Org. Archived from 10593:Barry, Ellen (1 April 2013). 9554: 6973: 6204:representing the city in the 5732: 5480:Weizmann Institute of Science 5384:British Secret Service Bureau 5282:celebrations in Odesa in 2016 5101: 5014:(1908–89) was born in Odesa. 5010:(1898–1980). Israeli painter 2545:gradually slopes towards the 2422:The city saw violence in the 1583:in Russian service, Irishman 1528:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) 1270:End of the 1917–21 Revolution 723:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) 635:) is the third most populous 190: 157: 32:City in Odesa Oblast, Ukraine 15044:Port cities of the Black Sea 12171:Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch 11708:Odessa: A History, 1794–1914 11691:(4): 399–420. Archived from 11537:(in Ukrainian). АстроПринт. 11178:Journal of Medical Biography 11026:Preuß, Olaf (1 March 2019). 9566:. St. Petersburg. 1890–1907. 9137:"Нові райони: карти + склад" 8511:(in Italian). Archived from 8471:. Feltrinelli. p. 187. 7971:"Associated Press Stylebook" 7804:Oxford Dictionary of English 7209:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 6140:through their hub at Kyiv's 5808: 5474:, was born in Odesa, as was 5454:Eurovision Song Contest 2018 5321:there in the early 1920s. A 5006:, Israeli artist and author 4755: 4530:building was constructed by 4457: 2480: 2435:support for joining Russia. 2253:" in 1945. (The others were 2163:Polish Operation of the NKVD 409:6,200/km (16,000/sq mi) 7: 15089:Historic Jewish communities 13190:Coat of arms of Odesa Raion 11597:Friedberg, Maurice (1991). 10791:. Retrieved 29 August 2014. 10393:"Odessa: The Star of Exile" 10179:. Odessa.ua. 1 April 2008. 10153:. Odessa.ua. 1 April 2008. 10127:. Odessa.ua. 14 July 2011. 10071:. Odessa.ua. 1 April 2008. 7109:Lee, Ella (13 April 2022). 6931: 6215: 6206:Ukrainian Basketball League 6131:Odesa International Airport 6004: 5608:Hotel Grand Moscow in Odesa 5526:(1892 – 1946), an American 5323:Marshal of the Soviet Union 4850:Odesa Archaeological Museum 4317: 4314: 4306: 4303: 4295: 4292: 4282: 4279: 4245: 2972:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2832:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2485: 2453:city of oblast significance 2199:Romania during World War II 2134:that supported the Russian 2117:Ukrainian People's Republic 2115:, providing support to the 1739: 976: 955: 921: 887: 725:. In 1794, a decree of the 692:Russian invasion of Ukraine 374:−4.2 m (−13.8 ft) 10: 15125: 15059:Seaside resorts in Ukraine 13899:Claimed and controlled by 13707:Cities with special status 12213:(in Ukrainian and Russian) 12006:10.1177/009614420102700201 11911:Orbach, Alexander (1997). 11639:. Paris: Honoré Champion. 11563:Dallin, Alexander (1998). 11521: 11442:Richardson, Tanya (2008). 10428:"Pushkin, Alexander" 7602:Herlihy, Patricia (1986). 7472:Biblioteka dli͡a chtenii͡a 7372:(1): 53–78. Archived from 6446: 6443:Twin towns – sister cities 6162:The Odesa Palace of Sports 6151: 6029:, Vienna, Berlin, Moscow, 5862:Black Sea Shipping Company 5824:Black Sea Shipping Company 5817: 5556: 5510:(1893–1980), Chief of the 5285: 5094: 4892:Odesa Archeological Museum 4879:, Teniers and Del Piombo. 4832: 4828: 4488: 3443: 3438: 2712: 2651: 2247:"For the Defence of Odesa" 2196: 2030: 1603:Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty 1525: 1093: 1089: 1040:, Odesa Oblast., near the 1028: 811:for a period of 25 years. 542:UNESCO World Heritage Site 18: 15064:Oblast centers in Ukraine 14964: 14881: 14738: 14705: 14674: 14651: 14550: 14516: 14403: 14343: 14312: 14286: 14235: 14184: 14108: 14090:Transfiguration Cathedral 14017: 13969: 13929:Lugansk People's Republic 13925:Donetsk People's Republic 13897: 13746: 13728: 13705: 13572: 13557: 13392: 13267: 13197: 13183: 13145: 13130: 12975: 12507: 12459: 12444: 12317: 12279: 12274:Links to related articles 12218:Official Odesa Map Portal 12105:Journal of Social History 12080:Weinberg, Robert (1993). 12057:Weinberg, Robert (1992). 11685:Harvard Ukrainian Studies 11531:Honcharuk, Taras (2000). 11388:Senatspressestelle Bremen 10942:Kravtsiv, Bohdan (2012). 10734:. Yale University Press. 10699:10.1017/9781009366311.006 10685:Raz, Yosefa, ed. (2023), 10478:. Yale University Press. 9803:. 2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua. 9386:10.1007/s10346-006-0058-8 8355:– via Google Books. 8333:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 8290:– via Google Books. 7572:– via Google Books. 7366:Harvard Ukrainian Studies 7080:Christian Science Monitor 5278:Honour Guards during the 5267:Celebrations and holidays 5208:of the 1950s and 1960s. 5197: 4747:The main building of the 4609:Transfiguration Cathedral 4029:: 120,945 people (49.45%) 3984:: 178,878 people (29.60%) 3978:: 186,610 people (30.88%) 3972:: 200,961 people (33.26%) 3909:: 153,243 people (36.69%) 3903:: 162,789 people (39.97%) 3840:: 124,511 people (30.83%) 3834:: 198,233 people (49.09%) 3810: 3487:— 3391: 3343: 3299: 3255: 3185: 3111: 3041: 2971: 2901: 2831: 2761: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2674:humid subtropical climate 2658:humid continental climate 2064:'s famous motion picture 1879:Greek War of Independence 1733: 1488:Mongol invasion of Europe 1458:(literally "New World"). 1079:Christian Science Monitor 944: 910: 876: 824: 795:, is located in the same 622: 618: 608: 598: 590: 575: 567: 559: 548: 539: 535: 525: 515: 505: 484: 467: 461: 453: 431: 424: 413: 405: 394: 383: 378: 370: 362: 354: 346: 335: 330: 319: 314: 306: 294: 282: 270: 250: 215: 143: 139: 97: 63: 54: 43: 37: 14656:City with special status 13964:Other navigational boxes 12434:Administrative divisions 11994:Journal of Urban History 11730:(1991 paperback reprint) 11635:Ghervas, Stella (2008). 11054:"Одесса | о городе" 11042:– via www.welt.de. 10917:Museum of Family History 10423:Morfill, William Richard 9434: 9281:. BBC. 26 January 2023. 9010:30 December 2014 at the 8526:Brandes, Detlef (1993). 8225: 8073: 7143: 7020:13 November 2020 at the 6997:16 December 2023 at the 6953: 6347:, K1 Muay Thai kickboxer 6220:The cyclist and aviator 6176:Ukrainian Premier League 6147: 5997:) and several cities of 5858:fall of the Soviet Union 5675:National Bank of Ukraine 5615:Seventh-Kilometer Market 5502:Emil Grigoryevich Gilels 5251:, with many therapeutic 4940:, the major star of the 4896:Odesa Numismatics Museum 4884:Alexander Pushkin Museum 4780:in 1865 as the Imperial 4716:The Alexander Column in 4092:: 292,000 people (29.0%) 4086:: 622,900 people (61.6%) 4035:: 92,584 people (37.85%) 3915:: 73,453 people (17.59%) 2581:. There are three large 2432:2 May 2014 Odesa clashes 2410:Seventh-Kilometer Market 2027:Beginnings of revolution 1771:and the country houses ( 1668:recommended the area of 1492:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca 1427:, Hacıbey or Hocabey in 1383:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1352:Archaeological artifacts 1114:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 717:in 1529, under the name 711:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 709:, which was part of the 684:World Heritage Committee 667:On 25 January 2023, its 583:World Heritage Committee 554:Historic Centre of Odesa 173:Show map of Odesa Oblast 170:Location in Odesa Oblast 87:Opera and Ballet Theatre 15104:Hromadas of Odesa Raion 14171:Regional History Museum 12239:29 January 2022 at the 12203:Official Odesa web page 12186:Encyclopædia Britannica 11865:Makolkin, Anna (2004). 11313:4 November 2016 at the 11191:10.1258/jmb.2008.008006 11080:"Odessa Region Profile" 10898:Encyclopædia Britannica 10438:Encyclopædia Britannica 10219:"Deribasovskaya Street" 9932:"Municipal Survey 2023" 9088:14 January 2015 at the 9072:13 January 2015 at the 8994:28 January 2015 at the 8784:"The Antonescu Paradox" 8509:"Gli italiani a Odessa" 8468:Gulag. Storia e memoria 8371:24 October 2018 at the 8260:Encyclopædia Britannica 8159:Yefimenko, Aleksandra. 7777:Encyclopedia Britannica 7524:24 October 2018 at the 6768:Odesa cooperated with: 6589:, United Kingdom (1957) 6329:, NBA basketball player 6260:Other notable athletes: 6154:Category:Sport in Odesa 5470:, and President of the 5224:Resorts and health care 4440:Khadzhybeiskyi District 3921:: 10,021 people (2.40%) 3858:: 10,248 people (2.54%) 3852:: 17,395 people (4.31%) 3846:: 37,925 people (9.39%) 2656:Odesa has a hot-summer 2385:Independence of Ukraine 2153:that resulted from the 2107:. After signing of the 2066:The Battleship Potemkin 1787:Ottoman plague epidemic 1575:and Yeni Dünya for the 1102:Historical affiliations 1074:Encyclopædia Britannica 814: 651:. The city is also the 366:65 m (213 ft) 358:40 m (130 ft) 235:46.485722°N 30.743444°E 85:; Square de Richelieu; 71:Clockwise from top left 25:Odessa (disambiguation) 14510:Hero Cities of Ukraine 14197:Frantsuzskyi Boulevard 13747:Administrative centers 13191: 12029:Tanny, Jarrod (2011). 11829:King, Charles (2011). 11294:3 October 2019 at the 11185:(2). England: 96–103. 10632:Nissani, Noah (1996). 10554:Tanny, Jarrod (2011). 10151:"City Council members" 9408:"Odessa Climate Guide" 9056:5 October 2021 at the 7501:" is an apposition to 7400:. 2009. Archived from 6485:, United States (1975) 6197: 6163: 6073: 6061: 6014: 5908: 5837: 5651: 5650:Arkadia Beach in Odesa 5609: 5362:Yitzhak Frenkel Frenel 5283: 5244: 5233: 5200:), one of the leading 5115: 5022: 4934: 4857: 4840:Museums, art and music 4778:Alexander II of Russia 4769: 4673:Odesa's largest park, 4655: 4640:Odesa Fine Arts Museum 4511: 4415: 4363: 4138: 4104:: 12,400 people (1.2%) 4098:: 13,300 people (1.3%) 4059:: 3,224 people (1.32%) 4053:: 4,928 people (2.01%) 4047:: 7,488 people (3.06%) 4041:: 8,643 people (3.53%) 4014:: 2,298 people (0.38%) 4008:: 2,573 people (0.43%) 4002:: 4,967 people (0.82%) 3996:: 8,424 people (1.39%) 3990:: 8,829 people (1.46%) 3957:: 1,048 people (0.25%) 3951:: 1,186 people (0.28%) 3945:: 1,377 people (0.33%) 3939:: 1,843 people (0.44%) 3933:: 2,501 people (0.60%) 3927:: 5,522 people (1.32%) 3888:: 1,137 people (0.28%) 3882:: 1,267 people (0.31%) 3876:: 1,401 people (0.35%) 3870:: 1,437 people (0.36%) 3864:: 5,086 people (1.26%) 2543:Eastern European Plain 2499: 2370: 2339: 2208: 2178: 2082:Odesa's Cinema Factory 2042: 1948: 1854:(Italian) Boulevards, 1759: 1751: 1697: 1594:, is named after him. 1542:Antoni Protazy Potocki 1523: 1522:A map of Odesa in 1814 1515: 1514:A map of Odesa in 1794 1408:. During the reign of 1335: 1322: 1052:Ukraine's independence 996:, as well as Southern 986: 779:Odesa is a warm-water 363:Highest elevation 21:Odesa (disambiguation) 15109:Cities in Odesa Raion 14065:Odesa railway station 13189: 13133:Administrative center 13005:Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi 12547:Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi 12474:Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi 12447:Administrative center 12103:by Robert Weinberg". 11848:Kononova, G. (1984). 11219:Gamow, George (1970) 10876:4 August 2021 at the 9646:on 30 September 2007. 9614:2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua 9530:2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua 9033:18 March 2015 at the 8923:Canada (2 May 2014). 8840:. 28 September 2015. 7873:"Definition of ODESA" 7818:"Definition of Odesa" 7429:Collinsdictionary.com 6359:, Soviet chess master 6321:Svetlana Krachevskaya 6303:Valentin Chmerkovskiy 6244:in Barcelona, Spain. 6192: 6172:FC Chornomorets Odesa 6161: 6067: 6059: 6012: 5906: 5831: 5818:Further information: 5649: 5607: 5550:Yefrosyniya Zarnytska 5524:Alexander Olshanetsky 5468:Israel Defense Forces 5421:(1934–2020), writer, 5356:Mendele Mocher Sforim 5286:Further information: 5274: 5239: 5231: 5109: 5095:Further information: 5020: 4925: 4911:can be noted, at the 4847: 4763: 4653: 4498: 4489:Further information: 4413: 4368:administrative centre 4358: 4224:2001 Ukrainian census 4136: 4128:: 2,100 people (0.2%) 4122:: 4,400 people (0.4%) 4116:: 6,400 people (0.6%) 4110:: 7,600 people (0.7%) 3461:Historical population 2493: 2377:environment with the 2368: 2337: 2330:Postwar Soviet period 2211:The city fell to the 2206: 2176: 2113:Austro-Hungarian Army 2105:Odesa Soviet Republic 2040: 1933: 1866:(Albanian) Streets). 1757: 1749: 1688: 1630:, built second after 1521: 1513: 1333: 1104: 653:administrative centre 486: • Summer ( 371:Lowest elevation 14320:Chornomorets Stadium 14268:Transfiguration Park 14212:Prymorskyi Boulevard 14131:Museum of the Cinema 14116:Archeological Museum 14100:Vorontsov Lighthouse 14080:Philharmonic Theater 12117:10.1353/jsh/28.2.435 11654:Gubar, Oleg (2004). 11234:"Odessa Tram Themes" 11152:. 26 December 2019. 11122:. 20 November 2018. 10988:on 29 February 2012. 10356:Gubar, Oleg (2011). 10304:. 30 November 2022. 10275:Місця скорботи Одеси 8734:10.26650/gaad.794916 8038:Franz Steiner Verlag 7909:. 23 December 2020. 6242:1992 Summer Olympics 6180:Chornomorets Stadium 6100:). Odesa also has a 5552:(1867-1936), actress 5512:Lithuanian Air Force 5498:Vladimir de Pachmann 5456:, singing the song " 5311:, was born in Odesa. 5202:literature magazines 5112:School of Stolyarsky 5059:Vladimir de Pachmann 5004:Isaac Frenkel Frenel 4852:was designed in the 4686:Chornomorets Stadium 4679:Emperor Alexander II 4446:Peresypskyi District 4238:A 2015 study by the 4071:: 429 people (0.17%) 4065:: 436 people (0.18%) 3439:Source 1: Pogoda.ru 2762:Record high °C (°F) 2496:Vorontsov Lighthouse 2469:On 25 January 2023, 2192:Lyudmila Pavlichenko 2122:With the end of the 2109:Brest-Litovsk Treaty 2097:Ukrainian-Soviet War 2093:Bolshevik Revolution 1963:were carried out in 1819:Andrault de Langeron 1781:, appointed by Tsar 1561:Zaporozhian Cossacks 1204:Dec. 1918–April 1919 927:[ɐˈdʲes(ː)ə] 669:historic city centre 581:(18th extraordinary 406: • Density 240:46.485722; 30.743444 75:Vorontsov Lighthouse 14258:Luzanivka Hydropark 14217:Rishelievska Street 14192:Derybasivska Street 14185:Streets and squares 14003:Tourist attractions 13730:Autonomous republic 12208:13 May 2020 at the 12158:(paperback reprint) 11006:on 9 November 2007. 9378:2006Lands...3..303C 9311:. 26 January 2023. 9255:. 26 October 2022. 8790:. 5 February 2016. 8693:, pp. 197–198. 8680:. 2016. p. 37. 8304:. 5 December 2015. 8167:4 June 2023 at the 7477:4 June 2023 at the 7329:Contested Histories 6948:The Municipal Guard 6938:Kherson Governorate 6393:Yulia Ryabchinskaya 6327:Viacheslav Kravtsov 6297:Maksim Chmerkovskiy 6072:on Sofievska Street 5846:Port of Chornomorsk 5655:Deribasivska Street 5518:Dmitriy Starovoitov 5508:Stasys Pundzevičius 5309:Sevastopol uprising 5249:tourist destination 5247:Odesa is a popular 4998:Production Manager 4882:Of note is Odesa's 4636:Catherine the Great 4634:with its statue of 4594:Derybasivska Street 4564:Battleship Potemkin 4443:Prymorskyi District 4380:Odesa urban hromada 4301:Other or undecided 4206:emigrated to Israel 3462: 3300:Average snowy days 3256:Average rainy days 3042:Record low °C (°F) 2902:Daily mean °C (°F) 2571:Republic of Moldova 2517: / 2404:base and home to a 2086:former Soviet Union 2047:Russian battleship 1971:region that became 1941:Battleship Potemkin 1934:The 142-metre-long 1812:, he had served in 1662:Catherine the Great 1592:Deribasivska Street 1476:East Central Europe 1267:Feb. 1920–Dec. 1922 1239:Aug. 1919–Feb. 1920 1168:Dec. 1917–Nov. 1918 699:classical antiquity 673:World Heritage Site 301:Odesa urban hromada 231: / 206:Show map of Ukraine 14969:Cities located in 14227:Yevropeiska Square 14161:Numismatics Museum 14136:Museum of Concrete 13192: 12902:Velyka Mykhailivka 12522:Andriievo-Ivanivka 11875:Edwin Mellen Press 11871:Lewiston, New York 11658:. Odesa: Optimum. 11583:on 5 February 2012 11223:, Viking, New York 11096:on 23 October 2012 11000:"Ports of Ukraine" 10599:The New York Times 10043:"Одесская громада" 9598:on 7 January 2007. 9041:(10 December 2014) 9018:(25 December 2014) 9002:(28 December 2014) 8929:The Globe and Mail 8705:, p. 192;198. 8648:The Ukrainian Week 8515:on 5 October 2015. 8379:(18 November 2014) 8377:The Ukrainian Week 7852:Collins Dictionary 7684:. 4 October 2018. 7531:The Ukrainian Week 7447:Modest Tabachnikov 7028:(13 November 2020) 7005:(17 November 2020) 7003:The Ukrainian Week 6809:, Lithuania (2004) 6401:(born 1982), boxer 6309:Charles Goldenberg 6198: 6174:, who play in the 6164: 6074: 6062: 6046:Ukrainian Railways 6015: 5909: 5883:to cities such as 5848:(ferry, freight), 5838: 5814:Maritime transport 5775:Aleksandr Lyapunov 5686:free economic zone 5652: 5610: 5419:Mikhail Zhvanetsky 5341:Haim Nahman Bialik 5284: 5245: 5234: 5116: 5097:Union Concert Hall 5055:Benno Moiseiwitsch 5051:Sviatoslav Richter 5023: 4954:Mikhail Zhvanetsky 4935: 4917:Starosinnyi Garden 4915:as well as in the 4858: 4854:Neoclassical style 4770: 4656: 4512: 4416: 4398:Hennadii Trukhanov 4364: 4139: 3460: 2502:Odesa is located ( 2500: 2428:2014 Odesa clashes 2371: 2340: 2209: 2179: 2078:tourist attraction 2043: 2013:revolution of 1917 1949: 1836:in his travelogue 1760: 1752: 1698: 1643:Suvorov-Rymnikskiy 1615:Khadzhibey Estuary 1524: 1516: 1494:, the lands where 1336: 1293:Kingdom of Romania 1009:Secretary of State 809:free economic zone 591:Reference no. 530:www.omr.gov.ua/en/ 462:одессит, одесситка 347: • Metro 324:Gennadiy Trukhanov 320: • Mayor 77:; Monument to the 14992: 14991: 14986: 14985: 14980: 14979: 14706:500,000-1,000,000 14645:Cities in Ukraine 14611: 14610: 14476: 14475: 14359: 14358: 14325:Kuialnyk Cemetery 14236:Parks and gardens 14151:Literature Museum 14035:Londonskaya Hotel 13956: 13955: 13517: 13516: 13200:Rural settlements 13085: 13084: 12400: 12399: 12051:978-0-253-22328-9 12040:978-0-253-35646-8 11840:978-0-393-07084-2 11796:978-0-8018-9191-5 11783:Herlihy, Patricia 11757:Herlihy, Patricia 11735:Herlihy, Patricia 11704:Herlihy, Patricia 11674:Herlihy, Patricia 11646:978-2-7453-1669-1 11627:978-2-7351-1182-4 11544:978-966-549-450-8 11455:978-0-8020-9563-3 11354:"Міста-побратими" 11317:. odessaguide.net 11289:Odessa tour guide 10768:978-1-134-36782-5 10741:978-0-300-13552-7 10708:978-1-009-36631-1 10567:978-0-253-22328-9 10251:on 4 January 2012 10225:on 4 January 2012 9339:zakon.rada.gov.ua 9229:. 24 April 2022. 8077:[Odesa]. 7749:. 24 April 2020. 7355:Herlihy, Patricia 7184:. 25 January 2023 7083:. 29 March 2022. 6732:, Bulgaria (1958) 6435:Dayana Yastremska 6417:Olena Vitrychenko 6387:Ekaterina Rubleva 6333:Lenny Krayzelburg 6116:funicular railway 6042:socialist-realist 5795:Israel Dostrovsky 5787:Waldemar Haffkine 5783:Alexander Smakula 5771:Leonid Mandelstam 5476:Israel Dostrovsky 5409:Valeria Lukyanova 5327:Rodion Malinovsky 5146:The Three Fat Men 5137:The Twelve Chairs 5012:Avigdor Stematsky 4988:Ioannis Psycharis 4733:Londonskaya Hotel 4646:Parks and gardens 4625:Kuialnyk Cemetery 4617:Brodsky Synagogue 4559:Sergei Eisenstein 4509:Italians of Odesa 4437:Kyivskyi District 4322: 4321: 4254:according to the 3815: 3814: 3452: 3451: 3346:relative humidity 2535:Black Sea Lowland 2521:46.467°N 30.733°E 2233:Jewish population 2155:Russian Civil War 2062:Sergei Eisenstein 2033:Odesa Governorate 1984:Italians of Odesa 1946:Italians of Odesa 1894:Alexander Pushkin 1885:in 1818. Odesa's 1810:French Revolution 1799:Italians of Odesa 1769:military barracks 1692:'s statue of the 1565:Alexander Suvorov 1431:, and Hacıbey in 1406:Republic of Genoa 1096:Timeline of Odesa 974: 953: 919: 885: 675:and added to the 626: 625: 586: 395: • Rank 326:(Truth and Deeds) 15116: 15021: 15020: 15019: 15009: 15008: 15007: 15000: 14638: 14631: 14624: 14615: 14614: 14503: 14496: 14489: 14480: 14479: 14386: 14379: 14372: 14363: 14362: 14349: 14348: 14248:Botanical Garden 14207:Italiiska Street 14141:Holocaust Museum 14095:Vorontsov Palace 14075:Odesa University 13996: 13989: 13982: 13973: 13972: 13960: 13959: 13544: 13537: 13530: 13521: 13520: 13396: 13271: 13201: 13149: 13122: 13112: 13105: 13098: 13089: 13088: 12427: 12420: 12413: 12404: 12403: 12306: 12299: 12292: 12283: 12282: 12270: 12269: 12230: 12222: 12214: 12190: 12178: 12149: 12128: 12095: 12076: 12044: 12025: 11988: 11965: 11926: 11907: 11888: 11861: 11844: 11825: 11806:Patricia Herlihy 11800: 11778: 11752: 11721: 11699: 11697: 11682: 11669: 11650: 11631: 11612: 11592: 11590: 11588: 11579:. Archived from 11559: 11548: 11513: 11511: 11509: 11485: 11483: 11481: 11466: 11464: 11462: 11430: 11429: 11427: 11425: 11410:"Міста-партнери" 11406: 11400: 11399: 11397: 11395: 11380: 11374: 11373: 11371: 11369: 11350: 11344: 11343: 11341: 11339: 11334:on 11 April 2013 11330:. Archived from 11324: 11318: 11305: 11299: 11286: 11280: 11279: 11277: 11275: 11256: 11250: 11249: 11247: 11245: 11230: 11224: 11217: 11211: 11210: 11172: 11166: 11165: 11163: 11161: 11142: 11136: 11135: 11133: 11131: 11112: 11106: 11105: 11103: 11101: 11095: 11084: 11076: 11070: 11069: 11067: 11065: 11050: 11044: 11043: 11041: 11039: 11023: 11017: 11014: 11008: 11007: 11002:. Archived from 10996: 10990: 10989: 10984:. Archived from 10974: 10968: 10967: 10961: 10959: 10939: 10933: 10932: 10930: 10928: 10909: 10903: 10902: 10894: 10887: 10881: 10868: 10862: 10859: 10853: 10852: 10850: 10848: 10829: 10823: 10822: 10820: 10818: 10798: 10792: 10779: 10773: 10772: 10752: 10746: 10745: 10725: 10719: 10718: 10717: 10715: 10682: 10676: 10675: 10673: 10671: 10656: 10650: 10649: 10647: 10645: 10629: 10623: 10622: 10620: 10618: 10590: 10584: 10583: 10581: 10579: 10551: 10542: 10541: 10539: 10537: 10532:. 6 October 2013 10522: 10516: 10515: 10513: 10511: 10496: 10490: 10489: 10471: 10465: 10460: 10454: 10449: 10443: 10442: 10430: 10419: 10413: 10412: 10410: 10408: 10389: 10380: 10379: 10377: 10375: 10369: 10362: 10353: 10347: 10346: 10344: 10342: 10330:Ukrainska Pravda 10317: 10315: 10313: 10292: 10286: 10285: 10283: 10281: 10267: 10261: 10260: 10258: 10256: 10247:. Archived from 10241: 10235: 10234: 10232: 10230: 10221:. Archived from 10215: 10209: 10199: 10193: 10192: 10190: 10188: 10173: 10167: 10166: 10164: 10162: 10147: 10141: 10140: 10138: 10136: 10121: 10115: 10114: 10112: 10110: 10091: 10085: 10084: 10082: 10080: 10065: 10059: 10058: 10056: 10054: 10039: 10033: 10032: 10025: 10019: 10018: 10016: 10014: 10005:(in Ukrainian). 9994: 9988: 9987: 9985: 9983: 9972:Суспільне Новини 9964: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9947: 9936: 9928: 9922: 9921: 9919: 9917: 9911: 9900: 9892: 9886: 9885: 9878: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9867: 9861: 9850: 9842: 9833: 9823: 9817: 9816: 9814: 9812: 9797: 9788: 9787: 9785: 9783: 9772:ukrcensus.gov.ua 9764: 9758: 9757: 9750: 9744: 9743: 9741: 9739: 9730:. Demoscope.ru. 9724: 9718: 9717: 9715: 9713: 9704:. Demoscope.ru. 9698: 9692: 9691: 9689: 9687: 9668: 9662: 9661: 9654: 9648: 9647: 9642:. Archived from 9636: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9625: 9606: 9600: 9599: 9594:. Archived from 9588: 9582: 9581: 9575: 9567: 9552: 9546: 9545: 9543: 9541: 9522: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9511: 9502: 9494: 9488: 9487: 9485: 9483: 9477: 9471:. Archived from 9466: 9458: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9447: 9430: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9419: 9404: 9398: 9397: 9361: 9355: 9354: 9352: 9350: 9341:(in Ukrainian). 9331: 9325: 9324: 9322: 9320: 9301: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9290: 9275: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9264: 9249: 9243: 9242: 9240: 9238: 9219: 9213: 9212: 9210: 9208: 9199:(in Ukrainian). 9189: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9178: 9169:(in Ukrainian). 9159: 9153: 9152: 9150: 9148: 9133: 9127: 9126: 9124: 9122: 9103: 9097: 9096:(5 January 2015) 9080:(5 January 2015) 9078:The Moscow Times 9064:(5 January 2015) 9048: 9042: 9039:The Moscow Times 9025: 9019: 9016:Interfax-Ukraine 8986: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8972: 8960:Dzerkalo Tyzhnia 8951: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8940: 8931:. Archived from 8920: 8914: 8913: 8911: 8909: 8890: 8884: 8883: 8881: 8879: 8870:(in Ukrainian). 8860: 8854: 8853: 8851: 8849: 8834: 8828: 8822: 8816: 8810: 8804: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8780: 8774: 8768: 8759: 8758: 8756: 8754: 8736: 8712: 8706: 8700: 8694: 8688: 8682: 8681: 8670: 8664: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8638: 8627: 8620: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8595: 8589: 8588: 8586: 8584: 8573: 8567: 8566: 8564: 8562: 8551: 8542: 8541: 8523: 8517: 8516: 8505: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8485: 8462: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8440: 8427: 8426: 8424: 8422: 8407: 8401: 8388:Clive Pointing, 8386: 8380: 8363: 8357: 8356: 8354: 8352: 8324: 8318: 8317: 8315: 8313: 8298: 8292: 8291: 8289: 8287: 8271: 8265: 8264: 8256: 8249: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8238: 8217: 8211: 8205: 8196: 8190: 8173: 8157: 8151: 8145: 8139: 8132: 8126: 8125: 8123: 8121: 8112:(in Ukrainian). 8101: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8068: 8041: 8040:, p. 41, n. 116. 8034: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8003: 7997: 7996: 7990: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7967: 7961: 7960: 7958: 7956: 7945:about.abc.net.au 7937: 7931: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7899: 7893: 7892: 7890: 7888: 7869: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7858: 7844: 7838: 7837: 7835: 7833: 7814: 7808: 7807: 7799: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7788: 7769: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7739: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7722: 7715: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7678: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7661: 7655:. 2–6 May 2011. 7654: 7646: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7599: 7584: 7580: 7574: 7573: 7571: 7569: 7541: 7535: 7516: 7510: 7507:Northern Palmyra 7492: 7486: 7462: 7456: 7455: 7440: 7434: 7433: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7390: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7363: 7351: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7321: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7290: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7231: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7189: 7174: 7168: 7167: 7165: 7154: 7139: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7106: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7071: 7062: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7052: 7045: 7035: 7029: 7026:Atlantic Council 7012: 7006: 6990: 6986: 6967: 6964: 6922: 6921: 6913:, Austria (2006) 6909: 6908: 6896: 6895: 6887:, Georgia (1996) 6883: 6882: 6874:, Estonia (1997) 6870: 6869: 6857: 6856: 6848:, Belarus (1996) 6844: 6843: 6835:, Morocco (2019) 6831: 6830: 6818: 6817: 6805: 6804: 6792: 6791: 6783:, Belarus (2004) 6779: 6778: 6754: 6753: 6745:, Armenia (1995) 6741: 6740: 6728: 6727: 6715: 6714: 6706:, Hungary (1977) 6702: 6701: 6693:, Croatia (1964) 6689: 6688: 6680:, Germany (1990) 6676: 6675: 6663: 6662: 6650: 6649: 6641:, Finland (1957) 6637: 6636: 6624: 6623: 6611: 6610: 6598: 6597: 6585: 6584: 6572: 6571: 6559: 6558: 6546: 6545: 6533: 6532: 6524:, Romania (1991) 6520: 6519: 6511:, Moldova (1994) 6507: 6506: 6498:, Germany (2023) 6494: 6493: 6481: 6480: 6468: 6467: 6429:Yakov Zheleznyak 6405:Michael Shmerkin 6369:Vladimir Portnoi 6351:Yevgeny Lapinsky 6315:Viktor Kanevskyi 6052:Public transport 5919:("Odesa leaf"). 5799:Catherine Chamié 5791:Valentin Glushko 5763:Vladimir Filatov 5751:Dmitri Mendeleev 5720: 5708: 5624:Dzerkalo Tyzhnia 5546:, born in Odesa. 5458:Under the Ladder 5449:X-Factor Ukraine 5388:Genrikh Lyushkov 5380:William Melville 5335:Simon Wiesenthal 5315:Ze'ev Jabotinsky 5293:April Fools' Day 5199: 5154:Margarita Aliger 5063:Shura Cherkassky 5027:Pyotr Stolyarsky 4981:Mickola Vorokhta 4932:Washington, D.C. 4913:Vorontsov Palace 4861:Fine Arts museum 4835:Culture of Odesa 4814:merchant marines 4744: 4728: 4718:Schevchenko Park 4713: 4701: 4690:Taras Shevchenko 4517:Italian of Odesa 4468: 4261: 4260: 4202:Second World War 3476: 3471: 3463: 3459: 2710: 2709: 2630: 2539:Southern Ukraine 2532: 2531: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2513: 2510: 2350:neighborhood of 2321: 2309: 2297: 2285: 2222:city's catacombs 2187:defense of Odesa 2140:Nykyfor Hryhoriv 2071:Duc de Richelieu 1997:Italian language 1923:as well as with 1839:Innocents Abroad 1806:Duc de Richelieu 1779:Duc de Richelieu 1742: 1736: 1735: 1717:Paul I of Russia 1694:Duc de Richelieu 1613:, including the 1482:who established 1443:Ottoman conquest 1340:Greek settlement 1315: 1314: 1313: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1279: 1278: 1277: 1263: 1262: 1261: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1212: 1211: 1210: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1164: 1163: 1162: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1124: 1123: 1122: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1058:versus Kiev). 1030: 1012:Adrian Gribovsky 979: 969: 967: 958: 948: 946: 937: 936: 935: 929: 924: 914: 912: 903: 902: 901: 895: 893:[oˈdɛsɐ] 890: 880: 878: 866: 860: 859: 856: 855: 852: 849: 846: 843: 840: 832: 831: 827: 754:Saint Petersburg 688:bombing of Odesa 666: 580: 491: 463: 455: 454:одесит, одеситка 447: 263: 261: 260: 246: 245: 243: 242: 241: 236: 232: 229: 228: 227: 224: 207: 193: 192: 186: 174: 160: 159: 153: 129: 119: 105: 79:Duc de Richelieu 68: 46: 45: 35: 34: 15124: 15123: 15119: 15118: 15117: 15115: 15114: 15113: 15029: 15028: 15027: 15017: 15015: 15005: 15003: 14995: 14993: 14988: 14987: 14982: 14981: 14976: 14960: 14926:Sievierodonetsk 14882:100,000-200,000 14877: 14863:Ivano-Frankivsk 14739:200,000-500,000 14734: 14701: 14670: 14647: 14642: 14612: 14607: 14546: 14517:Awarded by the 14512: 14507: 14477: 14472: 14399: 14390: 14360: 14355: 14339: 14308: 14304:Luzanivka Beach 14282: 14263:Shevchenko Park 14231: 14180: 14156:Maritime Museum 14104: 14085:Potemkin Stairs 14013: 14000: 13965: 13957: 13952: 13950: 13942: 13919: 13893: 13818:Sievierodonetsk 13784:Ivano-Frankivsk 13742: 13724: 13701: 13607:Ivano-Frankivsk 13568: 13553: 13548: 13518: 13513: 13388: 13263: 13193: 13181: 13141: 13126: 13116: 13086: 13081: 12971: 12922:Velykyi Buialyk 12503: 12455: 12440: 12431: 12401: 12396: 12313: 12310: 12275: 12241:Wayback Machine 12228: 12220: 12212: 12210:Wayback Machine 12166: 12161: 12146: 12092: 12073: 12041: 11985: 11946:10.2307/2697495 11923: 11904: 11885: 11850:Odessa: A Guide 11841: 11822: 11811:Odessa Memories 11797: 11775: 11749: 11718: 11698:on 29 May 2008. 11695: 11680: 11666: 11647: 11628: 11609: 11586: 11584: 11577: 11545: 11526: 11520: 11518:Further reading 11507: 11505: 11503: 11479: 11477: 11460: 11458: 11456: 11438: 11433: 11423: 11421: 11420:on 1 April 2019 11408: 11407: 11403: 11393: 11391: 11382: 11381: 11377: 11367: 11365: 11364:on 1 April 2019 11352: 11351: 11347: 11337: 11335: 11326: 11325: 11321: 11315:Wayback Machine 11306: 11302: 11296:Wayback Machine 11287: 11283: 11273: 11271: 11258: 11257: 11253: 11243: 11241: 11232: 11231: 11227: 11218: 11214: 11173: 11169: 11159: 11157: 11144: 11143: 11139: 11129: 11127: 11114: 11113: 11109: 11099: 11097: 11093: 11082: 11078: 11077: 11073: 11063: 11061: 11052: 11051: 11047: 11037: 11035: 11024: 11020: 11015: 11011: 10998: 10997: 10993: 10976: 10975: 10971: 10957: 10955: 10940: 10936: 10926: 10924: 10911: 10910: 10906: 10889: 10888: 10884: 10880:(in Belarusian) 10878:Wayback Machine 10869: 10865: 10860: 10856: 10846: 10844: 10839:. Zet Gallery. 10831: 10830: 10826: 10816: 10814: 10799: 10795: 10788:Chicago Tribune 10780: 10776: 10769: 10753: 10749: 10742: 10726: 10722: 10713: 10711: 10709: 10683: 10679: 10669: 10667: 10658: 10657: 10653: 10643: 10641: 10640:on 20 June 2009 10630: 10626: 10616: 10614: 10591: 10587: 10577: 10575: 10568: 10552: 10545: 10535: 10533: 10524: 10523: 10519: 10509: 10507: 10498: 10497: 10493: 10486: 10472: 10468: 10461: 10457: 10450: 10446: 10420: 10416: 10406: 10404: 10391: 10390: 10383: 10373: 10371: 10367: 10363:. Odessitclub. 10360: 10354: 10350: 10340: 10338: 10319: 10318: 10311: 10309: 10294: 10293: 10289: 10279: 10277: 10269: 10268: 10264: 10254: 10252: 10243: 10242: 10238: 10228: 10226: 10217: 10216: 10212: 10200: 10196: 10186: 10184: 10175: 10174: 10170: 10160: 10158: 10149: 10148: 10144: 10134: 10132: 10123: 10122: 10118: 10108: 10106: 10099:interfax.com.ua 10093: 10092: 10088: 10078: 10076: 10067: 10066: 10062: 10052: 10050: 10041: 10040: 10036: 10027: 10026: 10022: 10012: 10010: 9995: 9991: 9981: 9979: 9966: 9965: 9961: 9951: 9949: 9945: 9934: 9930: 9929: 9925: 9915: 9913: 9909: 9898: 9894: 9893: 9889: 9884:(in Ukrainian). 9880: 9879: 9875: 9865: 9863: 9859: 9848: 9844: 9843: 9836: 9824: 9820: 9810: 9808: 9799: 9798: 9791: 9781: 9779: 9766: 9765: 9761: 9752: 9751: 9747: 9737: 9735: 9726: 9725: 9721: 9711: 9709: 9700: 9699: 9695: 9685: 9683: 9670: 9669: 9665: 9656: 9655: 9651: 9638: 9637: 9633: 9623: 9621: 9608: 9607: 9603: 9590: 9589: 9585: 9569: 9568: 9553: 9549: 9539: 9537: 9524: 9523: 9519: 9509: 9507: 9500: 9496: 9495: 9491: 9481: 9479: 9478:on 17 July 2021 9475: 9464: 9460: 9459: 9455: 9445: 9443: 9436: 9432: 9431: 9427: 9417: 9415: 9406: 9405: 9401: 9362: 9358: 9348: 9346: 9333: 9332: 9328: 9318: 9316: 9303: 9302: 9298: 9288: 9286: 9277: 9276: 9272: 9262: 9260: 9251: 9250: 9246: 9236: 9234: 9221: 9220: 9216: 9206: 9204: 9191: 9190: 9186: 9176: 9174: 9161: 9160: 9156: 9146: 9144: 9135: 9134: 9130: 9120: 9118: 9105: 9104: 9100: 9090:Wayback Machine 9081: 9074:Wayback Machine 9065: 9058:Wayback Machine 9049: 9045: 9035:Wayback Machine 9026: 9022: 9012:Wayback Machine 9003: 8996:Wayback Machine 8987: 8980: 8970: 8968: 8953: 8952: 8948: 8938: 8936: 8921: 8917: 8907: 8905: 8892: 8891: 8887: 8877: 8875: 8862: 8861: 8857: 8847: 8845: 8836: 8835: 8831: 8823: 8819: 8811: 8807: 8797: 8795: 8782: 8781: 8777: 8769: 8762: 8752: 8750: 8713: 8709: 8701: 8697: 8689: 8685: 8672: 8671: 8667: 8658: 8656: 8639: 8630: 8621: 8614: 8604: 8602: 8597: 8596: 8592: 8582: 8580: 8575: 8574: 8570: 8560: 8558: 8553: 8552: 8545: 8538: 8524: 8520: 8507: 8506: 8493: 8483: 8481: 8479: 8463: 8459: 8449: 8447: 8442: 8441: 8430: 8420: 8418: 8409: 8408: 8404: 8387: 8383: 8373:Wayback Machine 8364: 8360: 8350: 8348: 8341: 8325: 8321: 8311: 8309: 8300: 8299: 8295: 8285: 8283: 8272: 8268: 8251: 8250: 8246: 8236: 8234: 8227: 8218: 8214: 8206: 8199: 8191: 8176: 8169:Wayback Machine 8158: 8154: 8146: 8142: 8133: 8129: 8119: 8117: 8102: 8098: 8088: 8086: 8075: 8071:Vermenych, Ya. 8069: 8044: 8035: 8031: 8021: 8019: 8012:odessaguide.net 8006:Kalinin, Igor. 8004: 8000: 7984: 7983: 7976: 7974: 7969: 7968: 7964: 7954: 7952: 7939: 7938: 7934: 7924: 7922: 7901: 7900: 7896: 7886: 7884: 7877:Merriam-Webster 7871: 7870: 7866: 7856: 7854: 7846: 7845: 7841: 7831: 7829: 7816: 7815: 7811: 7801: 7800: 7796: 7786: 7784: 7771: 7770: 7766: 7756: 7754: 7741: 7740: 7736: 7726: 7724: 7720: 7713: 7705: 7701: 7691: 7689: 7680: 7679: 7675: 7665: 7663: 7659: 7652: 7648: 7647: 7643: 7633: 7631: 7616: 7600: 7587: 7581: 7577: 7567: 7565: 7558: 7542: 7538: 7526:Wayback Machine 7517: 7513: 7493: 7489: 7479:Wayback Machine 7463: 7459: 7449: 7441: 7437: 7422: 7421: 7417: 7407: 7405: 7404:on 6 March 2012 7392: 7391: 7384: 7379:on 29 May 2008. 7376: 7361: 7352: 7348: 7338: 7336: 7323: 7322: 7318: 7308: 7306: 7291: 7287: 7277: 7275: 7262: 7261: 7257: 7247: 7245: 7232: 7228: 7218: 7216: 7201: 7197: 7187: 7185: 7176: 7175: 7171: 7163: 7152: 7145: 7141: 7140: 7136: 7126: 7124: 7107: 7100: 7090: 7088: 7073: 7072: 7065: 7056: 7054: 7050: 7043: 7037: 7036: 7032: 7022:Wayback Machine 7013: 7009: 6999:Wayback Machine 6988: 6987: 6980: 6976: 6971: 6970: 6965: 6961: 6956: 6934: 6929: 6926:, Poland (2005) 6916: 6903: 6890: 6877: 6864: 6851: 6838: 6825: 6822:, Cyprus (2004) 6812: 6799: 6796:, Poland (1996) 6786: 6773: 6766: 6761: 6748: 6735: 6722: 6719:, Canada (1944) 6709: 6696: 6683: 6670: 6657: 6654:, Greece (1993) 6644: 6631: 6628:, Cyprus (1996) 6618: 6615:, France (1973) 6605: 6602:, Poland (1993) 6592: 6579: 6566: 6563:, Turkey (1997) 6553: 6550:, Israel (1992) 6540: 6527: 6514: 6501: 6488: 6475: 6462: 6451: 6445: 6440: 6411:Elina Svitolina 6381:Theodore Rezvoy 6375:Vitaliy Pushkar 6363:Viktor Petrenko 6247:Figure skaters 6222:Sergei Utochkin 6218: 6156: 6150: 6128: 6113:Potemkin Stairs 6054: 6007: 5917:Odesskii listok 5901: 5826: 5816: 5811: 5755:Nikolay Pirogov 5739:Illya Mechnikov 5735: 5728: 5721: 5712: 5709: 5559: 5540:Yiddish theatre 5301: 5299:Notable Odesans 5290: 5269: 5226: 5198:Юность, Yunost' 5186:Russian writers 5174:Valentin Kataev 5104: 5099: 5043:Boris Goldstein 5031:Nathan Milstein 4942:Yiddish theatre 4842: 4837: 4831: 4758: 4751: 4745: 4736: 4729: 4720: 4714: 4705: 4702: 4675:Shevchenko Park 4648: 4621:Al-Salam Mosque 4584:Odesa catacombs 4555:Potemkin Stairs 4520:Francesco Boffo 4501:Italian baroque 4493: 4491:Odesa catacombs 4487: 4486: 4485: 4484: 4482:Potemkin Stairs 4474: 4469: 4460: 4431:urban districts 4360:Odesa City Hall 4353: 4252:native language 4248: 4131: 3820: 3458: 3453: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2672:) as well as a 2654: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2636: 2631: 2618:above sea level 2585:near the city: 2579:above sea level 2525: 2523: 2519: 2516: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2503: 2488: 2483: 2441:Zorian Shkiryak 2387: 2332: 2325: 2322: 2313: 2310: 2301: 2298: 2289: 2286: 2237:occupied Poland 2201: 2171: 2101:second of which 2095:in 1917 during 2035: 2029: 1989:Potemkin Stairs 1936:Potemkin Stairs 1913:Imperial French 1896:, who lived in 1765:Orthodox church 1725: 1666:Franz de Voland 1637:By the Highest 1599:Treaty of Jassy 1538:Voivode of Kiev 1530: 1472:Black Sea trade 1464: 1445: 1379:Crimean Khanate 1328: 1323: 1320: 1311: 1309: 1308: 1299: 1297: 1296: 1287: 1285: 1284: 1275: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1259: 1257: 1251: 1249: 1243: 1241: 1240: 1231: 1229: 1228: 1227:April–Aug. 1919 1219: 1217: 1208: 1206: 1205: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1192:March–Dec. 1918 1190:Ukrainian State 1184: 1182: 1181: 1180:Jan.–March 1918 1172: 1170: 1169: 1160: 1158: 1157: 1148: 1146: 1145: 1141: 1132: 1130: 1129: 1120: 1118: 1117: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1092: 1042:Tylihul Estuary 931: 930: 897: 896: 864: 837: 833: 829: 825: 817: 727:Russian empress 671:was declared a 664: 544: 511: 485: 456: 448: 307:First mentioned 258: 256: 239: 237: 233: 230: 225: 222: 220: 218: 217: 211: 210: 209: 208: 205: 204: 203:Odesa (Ukraine) 201: 200: 199: 198: 194: 177: 176: 175: 172: 171: 168: 167: 166: 165: 161: 135: 134: 133: 132: 123: 122: 111: 110: 109: 108: 93: 83:Potemkin Stairs 59: 50: 47: 40: 33: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 15122: 15112: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15091: 15086: 15081: 15076: 15071: 15066: 15061: 15056: 15051: 15046: 15041: 15026: 15025: 15013: 14990: 14989: 14984: 14983: 14978: 14977: 14975: 14974: 14965: 14962: 14961: 14959: 14958: 14951: 14946: 14941: 14936: 14929: 14922: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14898: 14891: 14885: 14883: 14879: 14878: 14876: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14830: 14825: 14820: 14813: 14808: 14803: 14798: 14793: 14788: 14781: 14774: 14769: 14762: 14755: 14748: 14742: 14740: 14736: 14735: 14733: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14709: 14707: 14703: 14702: 14700: 14699: 14694: 14689: 14684: 14678: 14676: 14672: 14671: 14669: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14652: 14649: 14648: 14641: 14640: 14633: 14626: 14618: 14609: 14608: 14606: 14605: 14600: 14595: 14590: 14585: 14580: 14575: 14570: 14565: 14560: 14554: 14552: 14548: 14547: 14545: 14544: 14539: 14534: 14529: 14523: 14521: 14514: 14513: 14506: 14505: 14498: 14491: 14483: 14474: 14473: 14471: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14433:Brest Fortress 14430: 14425: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14404: 14401: 14400: 14389: 14388: 14381: 14374: 14366: 14357: 14356: 14344: 14341: 14340: 14338: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14316: 14314: 14310: 14309: 14307: 14306: 14301: 14299:Langeron Beach 14296: 14290: 14288: 14284: 14283: 14281: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14265: 14260: 14255: 14250: 14245: 14239: 14237: 14233: 14232: 14230: 14229: 14224: 14222:Soborna Square 14219: 14214: 14209: 14204: 14202:Hretska Square 14199: 14194: 14188: 14186: 14182: 14181: 14179: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14166:Pushkin Museum 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14128: 14123: 14118: 14112: 14110: 14106: 14105: 14103: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14042: 14040:Maraslis House 14037: 14032: 14027: 14021: 14019: 14015: 14014: 13999: 13998: 13991: 13984: 13976: 13970: 13967: 13966: 13954: 13953: 13898: 13895: 13894: 13892: 13891: 13886: 13881: 13876: 13871: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13771: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13750: 13748: 13744: 13743: 13741: 13740: 13734: 13732: 13726: 13725: 13723: 13722: 13717: 13711: 13709: 13703: 13702: 13700: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13597:Dnipropetrovsk 13594: 13589: 13584: 13578: 13576: 13570: 13569: 13558: 13555: 13554: 13547: 13546: 13539: 13532: 13524: 13515: 13514: 13512: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13491: 13489:Velykyi Dalnyk 13486: 13484:Velykodolynske 13481: 13476: 13471: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13400: 13398: 13390: 13389: 13387: 13386: 13384:Velykyi Dalnyk 13381: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13359:Stara Emetivka 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13301: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13275: 13273: 13265: 13264: 13262: 13261: 13259:Velykodolynske 13256: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13234:Nova Kovalivka 13231: 13226: 13221: 13216: 13211: 13205: 13203: 13195: 13194: 13184: 13182: 13180: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13153: 13151: 13143: 13142: 13131: 13128: 13127: 13115: 13114: 13107: 13100: 13092: 13083: 13082: 13080: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13037: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12981: 12979: 12973: 12972: 12970: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12917:Velykyi Dalnyk 12914: 12909: 12907:Velykodolynske 12904: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12809: 12804: 12799: 12794: 12789: 12784: 12779: 12774: 12769: 12764: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12744: 12739: 12734: 12729: 12724: 12719: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12674: 12669: 12664: 12659: 12654: 12649: 12644: 12639: 12634: 12629: 12627:Karolino-Buhaz 12624: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12513: 12511: 12505: 12504: 12502: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12465: 12463: 12457: 12456: 12445: 12442: 12441: 12430: 12429: 12422: 12415: 12407: 12398: 12397: 12395: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12344: 12339: 12334: 12329: 12324: 12318: 12315: 12314: 12309: 12308: 12301: 12294: 12286: 12280: 12277: 12276: 12267: 12266: 12261: 12252: 12231: 12223: 12215: 12200: 12191: 12181:Chisholm, Hugh 12176:"Odessa" 12165: 12164:External links 12162: 12160: 12159: 12144: 12131: 12130: 12129: 12111:(2): 435–437. 12090: 12077: 12071: 12054: 12039: 12026: 12000:(2): 131–157. 11989: 11983: 11966: 11940:(4): 781–801. 11927: 11921: 11908: 11902: 11889: 11883: 11862: 11845: 11839: 11826: 11820: 11801: 11795: 11779: 11773: 11753: 11747: 11731: 11716: 11700: 11670: 11664: 11651: 11645: 11632: 11626: 11613: 11607: 11594: 11575: 11560: 11549: 11543: 11527: 11519: 11516: 11515: 11514: 11501: 11486: 11467: 11454: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11431: 11401: 11375: 11345: 11319: 11300: 11298:. leodessa.com 11281: 11251: 11225: 11212: 11167: 11137: 11107: 11071: 11060:on 24 May 2013 11045: 11018: 11009: 10991: 10982:ukrport.org.ua 10969: 10934: 10904: 10882: 10863: 10854: 10824: 10793: 10774: 10767: 10747: 10740: 10720: 10707: 10677: 10651: 10624: 10585: 10566: 10543: 10517: 10491: 10484: 10466: 10455: 10444: 10433:Chisholm, Hugh 10414: 10381: 10348: 10287: 10262: 10236: 10210: 10194: 10168: 10142: 10116: 10086: 10060: 10034: 10020: 9989: 9959: 9939:ratinggroup.ua 9923: 9887: 9873: 9834: 9818: 9789: 9759: 9745: 9719: 9693: 9663: 9649: 9631: 9601: 9583: 9547: 9517: 9489: 9453: 9425: 9399: 9372:(4): 303–309. 9356: 9326: 9296: 9270: 9244: 9214: 9184: 9154: 9128: 9098: 9062:New York Times 9043: 9020: 8978: 8946: 8915: 8900:. 2 May 2014. 8885: 8855: 8829: 8817: 8805: 8788:Foreign Policy 8775: 8760: 8707: 8695: 8683: 8665: 8628: 8612: 8590: 8568: 8543: 8537:978-3486560145 8536: 8518: 8491: 8477: 8457: 8428: 8402: 8381: 8358: 8339: 8319: 8293: 8266: 8244: 8212: 8197: 8195:, p. 184. 8174: 8162:Ochakov Oblast 8152: 8150:, p. 183. 8140: 8127: 8096: 8042: 8029: 7998: 7962: 7932: 7894: 7864: 7839: 7809: 7794: 7764: 7734: 7699: 7673: 7641: 7614: 7585: 7575: 7556: 7536: 7511: 7503:St. Petersburg 7487: 7467:St. Petersburg 7457: 7435: 7415: 7382: 7346: 7331:. 5 May 2022. 7316: 7285: 7255: 7226: 7195: 7169: 7134: 7098: 7063: 7030: 7007: 6989:(in Ukrainian) 6977: 6975: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6951: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6927: 6914: 6901: 6900:, Chile (2004) 6888: 6875: 6862: 6861:, China (2008) 6849: 6836: 6823: 6810: 6797: 6784: 6770: 6765: 6764:Partner cities 6762: 6760: 6759: 6758:, Japan (1968) 6746: 6733: 6720: 6707: 6694: 6681: 6668: 6667:, China (1993) 6655: 6642: 6629: 6616: 6603: 6590: 6577: 6576:, India (1986) 6564: 6551: 6538: 6537:, Italy (1972) 6525: 6512: 6499: 6486: 6473: 6472:, Egypt (1968) 6459: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6438: 6432: 6426: 6423:Andriy Voronin 6420: 6414: 6408: 6402: 6396: 6390: 6384: 6378: 6372: 6366: 6360: 6354: 6348: 6345:Artur Kyshenko 6342: 6336: 6330: 6324: 6318: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6276: 6270: 6263: 6249:Oksana Grishuk 6238:Shannon Miller 6217: 6214: 6149: 6146: 6127: 6124: 6090:public transit 6053: 6050: 6035:Russian Empire 6031:St. Petersburg 6006: 6003: 5900: 5897: 5854:Ukrainian Navy 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5747:Selman Waksman 5734: 5731: 5730: 5729: 5722: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5703: 5613:the city. The 5583:Ukrainian Navy 5558: 5555: 5554: 5553: 5547: 5521: 5515: 5505: 5495: 5489: 5483: 5461: 5440: 5434: 5416: 5406: 5403:Jacob Weinberg 5399: 5373: 5366:École de Paris 5359: 5338: 5312: 5300: 5297: 5276:Ukrainian Navy 5268: 5265: 5225: 5222: 5170:Soviet writers 5162:Leone Ginzburg 5132:Ilf and Petrov 5120:Anna Akhmatova 5103: 5100: 5071:Maria Grinberg 5035:David Oistrakh 5000:Baruch Agadati 4950:Yakov Smirnoff 4841: 4838: 4833:Main article: 4830: 4827: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4752: 4746: 4739: 4737: 4730: 4723: 4721: 4715: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4696: 4647: 4644: 4524:Potocki Palace 4503:facade of the 4475: 4471: 4470: 4463: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4448: 4447: 4444: 4441: 4438: 4352: 4349: 4320: 4319: 4316: 4313: 4309: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4298: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4285: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4272: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4247: 4244: 4162:Crimean Tatars 4130: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4080: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4023: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3966: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3897: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3828: 3827: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3797: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3786: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3753: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3742: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3731: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3720: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3709: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3676: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3643: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3632: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3577: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3566: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3544: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3533: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3522: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3511: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3489: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3457: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3394:sunshine hours 3389: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3341: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3183: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3109: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3039: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2829: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2759: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2714: 2708: 2666:cold semi-arid 2653: 2650: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2625: 2624: 2623: 2526:46.467; 30.733 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2386: 2383: 2358:to Moscow and 2352:Brighton Beach 2331: 2328: 2327: 2326: 2323: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2280: 2243:A Soviet medal 2229:Odesa massacre 2170: 2167: 2159:prodrazverstka 2144:Triple Entente 2091:Following the 2028: 2025: 1898:internal exile 1883:Constantinople 1724: 1721: 1577:Russian Empire 1557:Russian forces 1468:series of wars 1463: 1460: 1444: 1441: 1404:colony of the 1394:Crimean Tatars 1387:Ottoman Empire 1327: 1324: 1138:Russian Empire 1126:Ottoman Empire 1101: 1100: 1091: 1088: 990: 989: 980: 959: 938: 904: 870: 816: 813: 789:Port Pivdennyi 715:Ottoman Empire 631:(also spelled 624: 623: 620: 619: 616: 615: 612: 606: 605: 600: 596: 595: 592: 588: 587: 577: 573: 572: 569: 565: 564: 561: 557: 556: 550: 546: 545: 540: 537: 536: 533: 532: 527: 523: 522: 519: 513: 512: 509: 507: 503: 502: 492: 482: 481: 471: 465: 464: 428: 422: 421: 418: 411: 410: 407: 403: 402: 396: 392: 391: 388: 381: 380: 376: 375: 372: 368: 367: 364: 360: 359: 356: 352: 351: 348: 344: 343: 340: 333: 332: 328: 327: 321: 317: 316: 312: 311: 308: 304: 303: 298: 292: 291: 286: 280: 279: 274: 268: 267: 254: 248: 247: 213: 212: 202: 196: 195: 188: 187: 181: 180: 179: 178: 169: 163: 162: 155: 154: 148: 147: 146: 145: 144: 141: 140: 137: 136: 130: 124: 120: 114: 113: 112: 106: 100: 99: 98: 95: 94: 69: 61: 60: 55: 52: 51: 48: 41: 38: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15121: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15097: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15084:Odessky Uyezd 15082: 15080: 15077: 15075: 15072: 15070: 15067: 15065: 15062: 15060: 15057: 15055: 15052: 15050: 15047: 15045: 15042: 15040: 15037: 15036: 15034: 15024: 15014: 15012: 15002: 15001: 14998: 14973: 14972: 14967: 14966: 14963: 14957: 14956: 14952: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14934: 14930: 14928: 14927: 14923: 14921: 14920: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14904: 14903: 14899: 14897: 14896: 14892: 14890: 14887: 14886: 14884: 14880: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14833:Kropyvnytskyi 14831: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14821: 14819: 14818: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14807: 14804: 14802: 14799: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14789: 14787: 14786: 14782: 14780: 14779: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14767: 14763: 14761: 14760: 14756: 14754: 14753: 14749: 14747: 14744: 14743: 14741: 14737: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14715: 14711: 14710: 14708: 14704: 14698: 14695: 14693: 14690: 14688: 14685: 14683: 14680: 14679: 14677: 14673: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14653: 14650: 14646: 14639: 14634: 14632: 14627: 14625: 14620: 14619: 14616: 14604: 14601: 14599: 14596: 14594: 14591: 14589: 14586: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14555: 14553: 14549: 14543: 14540: 14538: 14535: 14533: 14530: 14528: 14525: 14524: 14522: 14520: 14515: 14511: 14504: 14499: 14497: 14492: 14490: 14485: 14484: 14481: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14405: 14402: 14398: 14394: 14387: 14382: 14380: 14375: 14373: 14368: 14367: 14364: 14354: 14353: 14342: 14336: 14335:Pryvoz Market 14333: 14331: 14330:Kulykove Pole 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14317: 14315: 14311: 14305: 14302: 14300: 14297: 14295: 14294:Arcadia Beach 14292: 14291: 14289: 14285: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14256: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14246: 14244: 14241: 14240: 14238: 14234: 14228: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14218: 14215: 14213: 14210: 14208: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14198: 14195: 14193: 14190: 14189: 14187: 14183: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14146:Jewish Museum 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14113: 14111: 14107: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14055:Odesa Passage 14053: 14051: 14050:Opera Theater 14048: 14046: 14045:Mayurov House 14043: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14025:Bristol Hotel 14023: 14022: 14020: 14016: 14012: 14008: 14004: 13997: 13992: 13990: 13985: 13983: 13978: 13977: 13974: 13968: 13961: 13949: 13946: 13941: 13938: 13934: 13930: 13926: 13923: 13918: 13914: 13910: 13906: 13902: 13896: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13875: 13872: 13870: 13867: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13819: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13804:Kropyvnytskyi 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13779: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13751: 13749: 13745: 13739: 13736: 13735: 13733: 13731: 13727: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13712: 13710: 13708: 13704: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13579: 13577: 13575: 13571: 13567: 13566: 13561: 13556: 13552: 13545: 13540: 13538: 13533: 13531: 13526: 13525: 13522: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13401: 13399: 13397: 13391: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13354:Shyroka Balka 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13344:Nova Emetivka 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13276: 13274: 13272: 13266: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13244:Oleksandrivka 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13215: 13212: 13210: 13207: 13206: 13204: 13202: 13196: 13188: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13150: 13144: 13140: 13139: 13134: 13129: 13125: 13121: 13113: 13108: 13106: 13101: 13099: 13094: 13093: 13090: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13042: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12982: 12980: 12978: 12974: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12793: 12790: 12788: 12785: 12783: 12780: 12778: 12775: 12773: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12755: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12747:Petropavlivka 12745: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12717:Novoborysivka 12715: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12668: 12665: 12663: 12660: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12643: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12565: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12514: 12512: 12510: 12506: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12466: 12464: 12462: 12458: 12454: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12439: 12435: 12428: 12423: 12421: 12416: 12414: 12409: 12408: 12405: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12319: 12316: 12307: 12302: 12300: 12295: 12293: 12288: 12287: 12284: 12278: 12271: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12256: 12253: 12250: 12246: 12242: 12238: 12235: 12232: 12227: 12224: 12219: 12216: 12211: 12207: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12195: 12192: 12188: 12187: 12182: 12177: 12172: 12168: 12167: 12157: 12156:0-8047-1962-4 12153: 12150:(hardcover), 12147: 12145:0-8047-1251-4 12141: 12137: 12132: 12126: 12122: 12118: 12114: 12110: 12106: 12102: 12097: 12096: 12093: 12091:0-253-36381-0 12087: 12083: 12078: 12074: 12072:0-521-40532-7 12068: 12064: 12060: 12055: 12052: 12048: 12045:(hardcover); 12042: 12036: 12032: 12027: 12023: 12019: 12015: 12011: 12007: 12003: 11999: 11995: 11990: 11986: 11984:0-253-31370-8 11980: 11976: 11972: 11967: 11963: 11959: 11955: 11951: 11947: 11943: 11939: 11935: 11934: 11933:Slavic Review 11928: 11924: 11922:90-04-06175-4 11918: 11914: 11909: 11905: 11903:0-88033-545-9 11899: 11895: 11890: 11886: 11884:0-7734-6272-4 11880: 11876: 11872: 11868: 11863: 11859: 11855: 11851: 11846: 11842: 11836: 11832: 11827: 11823: 11821:0-295-98345-0 11817: 11813: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11798: 11792: 11788: 11784: 11780: 11776: 11774:3-421-05522-X 11770: 11766: 11762: 11758: 11754: 11750: 11748:0-8018-6750-9 11744: 11740: 11736: 11732: 11729: 11728:0-916458-43-1 11725: 11722:(hardcover), 11719: 11717:0-916458-15-6 11713: 11709: 11705: 11701: 11694: 11690: 11686: 11679: 11676:(1979–1980). 11675: 11671: 11667: 11665:966-8072-86-3 11661: 11657: 11652: 11648: 11642: 11638: 11633: 11629: 11623: 11619: 11614: 11610: 11608:0-8133-7987-3 11604: 11600: 11595: 11582: 11578: 11576:973-98391-1-8 11572: 11568: 11567: 11561: 11557: 11556: 11550: 11546: 11540: 11536: 11535: 11529: 11528: 11525: 11504: 11502:9785457887299 11498: 11494: 11493: 11487: 11475: 11474: 11468: 11457: 11451: 11447: 11446: 11440: 11439: 11436:Cited sources 11419: 11415: 11411: 11405: 11389: 11385: 11379: 11363: 11359: 11355: 11349: 11333: 11329: 11323: 11316: 11312: 11309: 11308:Odessa Sights 11304: 11297: 11293: 11290: 11285: 11269: 11265: 11264:wikimapia.org 11261: 11255: 11239: 11235: 11229: 11222: 11216: 11208: 11204: 11200: 11196: 11192: 11188: 11184: 11180: 11179: 11171: 11155: 11151: 11147: 11141: 11125: 11121: 11117: 11111: 11092: 11088: 11081: 11075: 11059: 11055: 11049: 11033: 11029: 11022: 11013: 11005: 11001: 10995: 10987: 10983: 10979: 10973: 10966: 10953: 10949: 10945: 10938: 10922: 10918: 10914: 10908: 10900: 10899: 10893: 10886: 10879: 10875: 10872: 10867: 10858: 10842: 10838: 10834: 10828: 10812: 10808: 10804: 10797: 10790: 10789: 10784: 10778: 10770: 10764: 10761:. Routledge. 10760: 10759: 10751: 10743: 10737: 10733: 10732: 10724: 10710: 10704: 10700: 10696: 10692: 10688: 10681: 10666:. 18 May 2017 10665: 10661: 10655: 10639: 10635: 10628: 10612: 10608: 10604: 10600: 10596: 10589: 10573: 10569: 10563: 10559: 10558: 10550: 10548: 10531: 10527: 10521: 10506:. 18 May 2017 10505: 10501: 10495: 10487: 10485:0-300-10377-8 10481: 10477: 10470: 10464: 10459: 10453: 10448: 10440: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10418: 10402: 10398: 10394: 10388: 10386: 10366: 10359: 10352: 10336: 10332: 10331: 10326: 10324: 10307: 10303: 10302: 10297: 10291: 10276: 10272: 10266: 10250: 10246: 10245:"The Passage" 10240: 10224: 10220: 10214: 10208: 10207:9780521268622 10204: 10198: 10182: 10178: 10172: 10156: 10152: 10146: 10130: 10126: 10120: 10104: 10100: 10096: 10090: 10074: 10070: 10064: 10048: 10044: 10038: 10030: 10024: 10008: 10004: 10003:Радіо Свобода 10000: 9993: 9977: 9973: 9969: 9963: 9944: 9940: 9933: 9927: 9908: 9904: 9897: 9891: 9883: 9877: 9858: 9854: 9847: 9841: 9839: 9832: 9831:966-7007-60-X 9828: 9822: 9806: 9802: 9796: 9794: 9777: 9773: 9769: 9763: 9755: 9749: 9733: 9729: 9723: 9707: 9703: 9697: 9681: 9677: 9673: 9667: 9659: 9653: 9645: 9641: 9635: 9619: 9615: 9611: 9605: 9597: 9593: 9587: 9579: 9573: 9565: 9563: 9558: 9551: 9535: 9531: 9527: 9521: 9506: 9499: 9493: 9474: 9470: 9463: 9457: 9441: 9437: 9429: 9413: 9409: 9403: 9395: 9391: 9387: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9371: 9367: 9360: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9330: 9314: 9310: 9306: 9300: 9284: 9280: 9274: 9258: 9254: 9248: 9232: 9228: 9224: 9218: 9202: 9198: 9194: 9188: 9172: 9168: 9164: 9158: 9142: 9138: 9132: 9116: 9112: 9111:Голос України 9108: 9102: 9095: 9091: 9087: 9084: 9079: 9075: 9071: 9068: 9063: 9059: 9055: 9052: 9047: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9029: 9024: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9006: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8990: 8985: 8983: 8966: 8962: 8961: 8956: 8950: 8935:on 6 May 2014 8934: 8930: 8926: 8919: 8903: 8899: 8895: 8889: 8873: 8869: 8865: 8859: 8843: 8839: 8833: 8826: 8821: 8814: 8809: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8779: 8772: 8767: 8765: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8726: 8722: 8718: 8711: 8704: 8699: 8692: 8687: 8679: 8675: 8669: 8654: 8650: 8649: 8644: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8625: 8619: 8617: 8600: 8594: 8578: 8572: 8556: 8550: 8548: 8539: 8533: 8529: 8522: 8514: 8510: 8504: 8502: 8500: 8498: 8496: 8480: 8478:88-07-81818-3 8474: 8470: 8469: 8461: 8445: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8433: 8416: 8412: 8406: 8399: 8398:0-7011-7390-4 8395: 8391: 8385: 8378: 8374: 8370: 8367: 8362: 8346: 8342: 8340:9781474259507 8336: 8332: 8331: 8323: 8307: 8303: 8297: 8281: 8277: 8270: 8262: 8261: 8255: 8248: 8232: 8228: 8222: 8221:Tronko, Petro 8216: 8209: 8204: 8202: 8194: 8193:Imperial 1848 8189: 8187: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8171: 8170: 8166: 8163: 8156: 8149: 8148:Imperial 1848 8144: 8137: 8131: 8115: 8111: 8110:Радіо Свобода 8107: 8100: 8084: 8080: 8076: 8067: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8055: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8047: 8039: 8033: 8017: 8013: 8009: 8002: 7994: 7988: 7972: 7966: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7936: 7920: 7916: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7898: 7882: 7878: 7874: 7868: 7853: 7849: 7843: 7827: 7823: 7819: 7813: 7805: 7798: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7768: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7738: 7719: 7712: 7711: 7703: 7687: 7683: 7677: 7658: 7651: 7645: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7615:0-916458-08-3 7611: 7607: 7606: 7598: 7596: 7594: 7592: 7590: 7579: 7563: 7559: 7553: 7549: 7548: 7540: 7533: 7532: 7527: 7523: 7520: 7515: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7491: 7484: 7480: 7476: 7473: 7469: 7468: 7461: 7453: 7448: 7444: 7439: 7431: 7430: 7425: 7419: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7389: 7387: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7360: 7356: 7350: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7320: 7304: 7300: 7296: 7289: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7259: 7243: 7239: 7238: 7230: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7199: 7183: 7179: 7173: 7162: 7158: 7150: 7146: 7138: 7122: 7118: 7117: 7112: 7105: 7103: 7086: 7082: 7081: 7076: 7070: 7068: 7049: 7042: 7041: 7034: 7027: 7023: 7019: 7016: 7011: 7004: 7000: 6996: 6993: 6985: 6983: 6978: 6963: 6959: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6935: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6450: 6436: 6433: 6430: 6427: 6424: 6421: 6418: 6415: 6412: 6409: 6406: 6403: 6400: 6399:Dmitry Salita 6397: 6394: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6367: 6364: 6361: 6358: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6328: 6325: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6291:Leonid Buryak 6289: 6286: 6285:Yuriy Bilonoh 6283: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6267:Mykola Avilov 6265: 6264: 6262: 6261: 6257: 6254: 6253:Evgeny Platov 6250: 6245: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6234:Tatiana Gutsu 6231: 6227: 6223: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6196: 6191: 6187: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6160: 6155: 6145: 6143: 6139: 6134: 6132: 6126:Air transport 6123: 6121: 6117: 6114: 6109: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6086: 6083: 6079: 6078:horse tramway 6071: 6066: 6058: 6049: 6047: 6043: 6038: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6019:Odesa Holovna 6011: 6002: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5963:Rostov-on-Don 5959: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5913:Mercedes-Benz 5905: 5896: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5881:Dnieper River 5878: 5874: 5870: 5865: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5842:Port of Odesa 5835: 5830: 5825: 5821: 5806: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5759:Ivan Sechenov 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5726: 5719: 5714: 5707: 5702: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5694: 5689: 5687: 5682: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5663: 5661: 5656: 5648: 5644: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5625: 5619: 5616: 5606: 5602: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5579: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5551: 5548: 5545: 5544:New York City 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5522: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5509: 5506: 5503: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5490: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5462: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5450: 5445: 5441: 5438: 5435: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5417: 5414: 5410: 5407: 5404: 5401:The composer 5400: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5376:Sidney Reilly 5374: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5339: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5306: 5305:Pyotr Schmidt 5303: 5302: 5296: 5294: 5289: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5264: 5262: 5261:ophthalmology 5258: 5254: 5250: 5243: 5238: 5230: 5221: 5219: 5213: 5209: 5207: 5203: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5166: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5144:, author of " 5143: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5113: 5108: 5098: 5093: 5091: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5049:and pianists 5048: 5044: 5040: 5039:Igor Oistrakh 5036: 5032: 5028: 5019: 5015: 5013: 5009: 5008:Nachum Gutman 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4992:Yuri Siritsov 4990:(1854–1929). 4989: 4986: 4985:Demotic Greek 4982: 4978: 4977:Sarkis Ordyan 4973: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4962:Roman Kartsev 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4933: 4929: 4924: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4909: 4903: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4880: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4855: 4851: 4846: 4836: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4767: 4762: 4750: 4743: 4738: 4734: 4727: 4722: 4719: 4712: 4707: 4700: 4695: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4687: 4682: 4680: 4676: 4671: 4667: 4665: 4660: 4652: 4643: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4628: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4605: 4601: 4599: 4598:José de Ribas 4595: 4591: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4568: 4566: 4565: 4561:in his film, 4560: 4556: 4551: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4518: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4455: 4453: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4412: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4399: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4385: 4382:, one of the 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4366:Odesa is the 4361: 4357: 4348: 4344: 4342: 4337: 4335: 4330: 4328: 4311: 4310: 4300: 4299: 4290: 4287: 4286: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4253: 4243: 4241: 4236: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4218: 4214: 4209: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4146:ethnic groups 4143: 4135: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3964: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3822: 3809: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3721: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3699: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3666: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3556: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3490: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3473: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392:Mean monthly 3390: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3342: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3184: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3115: 3114:precipitation 3110: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2900: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2830: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2760: 2716: 2711: 2707: 2705: 2700: 2694: 2691: 2690:luxury hotels 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2645: 2641: 2635: 2629: 2622: 2619: 2615: 2610: 2607: 2602: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2559:Gulf of Odesa 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2530: 2497: 2492: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2454: 2449: 2447: 2442: 2436: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2418: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2406:fishing fleet 2403: 2399: 2394: 2392: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2367: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2356:upper classes 2353: 2349: 2345: 2336: 2320: 2315: 2308: 2303: 2296: 2291: 2284: 2279: 2278: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2214: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2193: 2188: 2184: 2175: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2072: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2039: 2034: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2009:Ukrainianized 2006: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1957:anti-Semitism 1954: 1947: 1943: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1871:Filiki Eteria 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1850:(French) and 1849: 1843: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1826:bronze statue 1822: 1820: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1800: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1775: 1770: 1766: 1756: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1588:José de Ribas 1586: 1585:Major General 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1569:Ivan Gudovich 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1529: 1520: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1433:Crimean Tatar 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1356:Mediterranean 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1332: 1326:Early history 1321: 1318: 1306: 1294: 1282: 1271: 1266: 1238: 1226: 1215: 1203: 1191: 1179: 1167: 1155: 1144: 1139: 1127: 1115: 1097: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1026: 1025:Ancient Greek 1022: 1018: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1001: 999: 995: 988: 984: 981: 978: 972: 963: 960: 957: 951: 942: 939: 934: 928: 923: 917: 908: 905: 900: 894: 889: 883: 874: 871: 869: 868: 858: 822: 819: 818: 812: 810: 806: 802: 801:transport hub 798: 794: 790: 786: 785:Port of Odesa 782: 777: 775: 771: 767: 763: 762:Mediterranean 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 742:Soviet period 740:. During the 739: 735: 731: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 695: 693: 689: 685: 682: 678: 674: 670: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 621: 617: 613: 611: 607: 604: 601: 599:UNESCO region 597: 593: 589: 584: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 555: 551: 549:Official name 547: 543: 538: 534: 531: 528: 524: 520: 518: 514: 508: 504: 500: 496: 493: 489: 483: 479: 475: 472: 470: 466: 459: 451: 446: 442: 438: 434: 429: 427: 423: 419: 417: 414: • 412: 408: 404: 400: 397: 393: 389: 387: 384: • 382: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 339: 336: • 334: 329: 325: 322: 318: 313: 309: 305: 302: 299: 297: 293: 290: 287: 285: 281: 278: 275: 273: 269: 266: 255: 253: 249: 244: 216:Coordinates: 214: 185: 152: 142: 138: 128: 118: 104: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 67: 62: 58: 53: 36: 30: 26: 22: 14968: 14953: 14931: 14924: 14917: 14900: 14893: 14873:Bila Tserkva 14838:Khmelnytskyi 14815: 14783: 14776: 14764: 14757: 14750: 14720:Zaporizhzhia 14712: 14696: 14536: 14519:Soviet Union 14448:Novorossiysk 14412: 14397:Soviet Union 14350: 14273:Victory Park 14243:Arcadia Park 14006: 13913:Federal City 13884:Zaporizhzhia 13838: 13799:Khmelnytskyi 13692:Zaporizhzhia 13622:Khmelnytskyi 13563: 13458: 13419:Chornomorske 13349:Protopopivka 13334:Mizhlymanske 13289:Chobotarivka 13239:Novi Biliari 13224:Khlibodarske 13214:Chornomorske 13166: 13137: 13136: 13040: 13039: 12962:Zelenohirske 12912:Velykoploske 12832:Starokozache 12827:Stari Maiaky 12752:Petrovirivka 12722:Novokalcheve 12577:Chornomorske 12567:Chohodarivka 12451: 12450: 12438:Odesa Oblast 12326: 12245:World War II 12184: 12135: 12108: 12104: 12100: 12081: 12062: 12030: 11997: 11993: 11974: 11937: 11931: 11912: 11893: 11866: 11849: 11830: 11810: 11786: 11764: 11760: 11738: 11707: 11693:the original 11688: 11684: 11655: 11636: 11617: 11598: 11585:. Retrieved 11581:the original 11565: 11554: 11533: 11506:. Retrieved 11491: 11478:. Retrieved 11472: 11459:. Retrieved 11444: 11422:. Retrieved 11418:the original 11413: 11404: 11392:. Retrieved 11387: 11378: 11366:. Retrieved 11362:the original 11357: 11348: 11336:. Retrieved 11332:the original 11322: 11303: 11284: 11272:. Retrieved 11263: 11254: 11242:. Retrieved 11228: 11221:My time-line 11220: 11215: 11182: 11176: 11170: 11158:. Retrieved 11149: 11140: 11128:. Retrieved 11119: 11110: 11098:. Retrieved 11091:the original 11086: 11074: 11062:. Retrieved 11058:the original 11048: 11036:. Retrieved 11021: 11012: 11004:the original 10994: 10986:the original 10981: 10972: 10963: 10956:. Retrieved 10947: 10937: 10925:. Retrieved 10916: 10907: 10896: 10885: 10866: 10857: 10845:. Retrieved 10836: 10827: 10815:. Retrieved 10806: 10796: 10786: 10777: 10757: 10750: 10730: 10723: 10712:, retrieved 10690: 10680: 10668:. Retrieved 10663: 10654: 10642:. Retrieved 10638:the original 10627: 10615:. Retrieved 10598: 10588: 10576:. Retrieved 10556: 10534:. Retrieved 10529: 10520: 10508:. Retrieved 10503: 10494: 10475: 10469: 10458: 10447: 10436: 10417: 10405:. Retrieved 10396: 10372:. Retrieved 10351: 10339:. Retrieved 10328: 10322: 10310:. Retrieved 10299: 10290: 10278:. Retrieved 10274: 10265: 10253:. Retrieved 10249:the original 10239: 10227:. Retrieved 10223:the original 10213: 10197: 10185:. Retrieved 10171: 10159:. Retrieved 10145: 10133:. Retrieved 10119: 10107:. Retrieved 10098: 10089: 10077:. Retrieved 10063: 10051:. Retrieved 10037: 10023: 10011:. Retrieved 10002: 9992: 9980:. Retrieved 9971: 9962: 9950:. Retrieved 9938: 9926: 9914:. Retrieved 9902: 9890: 9876: 9864:. Retrieved 9852: 9821: 9809:. Retrieved 9780:. Retrieved 9771: 9762: 9753: 9748: 9736:. Retrieved 9722: 9710:. Retrieved 9696: 9684:. Retrieved 9676:demoscope.ru 9675: 9666: 9652: 9644:the original 9634: 9622:. Retrieved 9613: 9604: 9596:the original 9586: 9560: 9550: 9538:. Retrieved 9529: 9520: 9508:. Retrieved 9492: 9480:. Retrieved 9473:the original 9456: 9444:. Retrieved 9428: 9416:. Retrieved 9402: 9369: 9365: 9359: 9347:. Retrieved 9338: 9329: 9317:. Retrieved 9309:The Guardian 9308: 9299: 9287:. Retrieved 9273: 9261:. Retrieved 9247: 9235:. Retrieved 9226: 9217: 9205:. Retrieved 9197:www.unian.ua 9196: 9187: 9175:. Retrieved 9167:Слово і Діло 9166: 9157: 9145:. Retrieved 9131: 9119:. Retrieved 9110: 9101: 9046: 9023: 8969:. Retrieved 8958: 8949: 8937:. Retrieved 8933:the original 8928: 8918: 8906:. Retrieved 8898:The Guardian 8897: 8888: 8876:. Retrieved 8868:www.unian.ua 8867: 8858: 8846:. Retrieved 8832: 8820: 8808: 8796:. Retrieved 8787: 8778: 8751:. Retrieved 8724: 8720: 8710: 8698: 8686: 8673: 8668: 8657:, retrieved 8646: 8624:Pietro Leoni 8605:24 September 8603:. Retrieved 8601:(in Italian) 8593: 8583:24 September 8581:. Retrieved 8579:(in Italian) 8571: 8561:23 September 8559:. Retrieved 8557:(in Italian) 8527: 8521: 8513:the original 8482:. Retrieved 8467: 8460: 8450:23 September 8448:. Retrieved 8446:(in Italian) 8419:. Retrieved 8405: 8389: 8384: 8361: 8349:. Retrieved 8329: 8322: 8310:. Retrieved 8296: 8284:. Retrieved 8269: 8258: 8247: 8235:. Retrieved 8215: 8160: 8155: 8143: 8135: 8130: 8118:. Retrieved 8109: 8099: 8087:. Retrieved 8078: 8037: 8032: 8020:. Retrieved 8011: 8001: 7975:. Retrieved 7965: 7953:. Retrieved 7944: 7935: 7923:. Retrieved 7907:The Guardian 7906: 7897: 7885:. Retrieved 7876: 7867: 7855:. Retrieved 7851: 7842: 7830:. Retrieved 7821: 7812: 7803: 7797: 7785:. Retrieved 7776: 7767: 7755:. Retrieved 7746: 7737: 7725:. Retrieved 7709: 7702: 7690:. Retrieved 7676: 7664:. Retrieved 7644: 7632:. Retrieved 7604: 7578: 7566:. Retrieved 7546: 7539: 7529: 7514: 7497:: "Southern 7494: 7490: 7465: 7460: 7442: 7438: 7427: 7418: 7406:. Retrieved 7402:the original 7398:UKRWorld.Com 7397: 7374:the original 7369: 7365: 7349: 7337:. Retrieved 7328: 7319: 7307:. Retrieved 7298: 7288: 7276:. Retrieved 7267: 7258: 7246:. Retrieved 7236: 7229: 7217:. Retrieved 7208: 7198: 7186:. Retrieved 7181: 7172: 7148: 7137: 7125:. Retrieved 7114: 7089:. Retrieved 7078: 7055:, retrieved 7039: 7033: 7010: 6962: 6767: 6452: 6279:Ihor Belanov 6273:Oksana Baiul 6259: 6258: 6246: 6219: 6199: 6165: 6135: 6129: 6110: 6094:trolleybuses 6087: 6075: 6039: 6016: 6001:and Europe. 5979:Thessaloniki 5960: 5956: 5921: 5916: 5910: 5866: 5839: 5803:George Gamow 5767:Nikolay Umov 5736: 5690: 5683: 5664: 5653: 5622: 5620: 5611: 5580: 5567:Southern Bug 5560: 5486:Yuriy Bazhal 5447: 5291: 5246: 5214: 5210: 5193: 5190:chief editor 5167: 5158:anti-fascist 5135: 5134:—authors of 5128:Odessa Tales 5117: 5087: 5079:Leo Podolsky 5075:Simon Barere 5024: 4974: 4952:(comedian), 4946:Stella Adler 4936: 4908:Medici lions 4906: 4904: 4881: 4859: 4823: 4819: 4799: 4771: 4683: 4672: 4668: 4661: 4657: 4629: 4606: 4602: 4592: 4569: 4562: 4552: 4528: 4513: 4452:City council 4449: 4428: 4417: 4406: 4392: 4388: 4386:of Ukraine. 4376:Odesa Oblast 4365: 4345: 4341:Odesa Oblast 4338: 4331: 4323: 4249: 4237: 4221: 4210: 4148:, including 4142:Odesa Oblast 4140: 3456:Demographics 3116:mm (inches) 2695: 2677: 2669: 2661: 2655: 2611: 2603: 2599: 2575: 2501: 2468: 2457: 2450: 2437: 2421: 2414: 2398:oil refining 2395: 2388: 2372: 2341: 2267: 2241: 2226: 2218:Transnistria 2210: 2183:World War II 2180: 2169:World War II 2148: 2121: 2090: 2075: 2065: 2048: 2044: 2021:World War II 2017:Soviet times 2003:began to be 2001: 1981: 1950: 1939: 1927:in Romania. 1902: 1891:Russian poet 1887:cosmopolitan 1868: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1837: 1823: 1803: 1795: 1772: 1761: 1726: 1714: 1699: 1675:Platon Zubov 1659: 1636: 1607:Southern Bug 1596: 1559:, including 1550: 1545: 1531: 1465: 1455: 1446: 1413:Hacı I Giray 1398: 1375:Golden Horde 1360: 1337: 1319:1991–present 1269: 1142: 1105: 1083: 1077: 1073: 1061: 1060: 1047: 1046: 1002: 991: 778: 730:Catherine II 696: 661:Odesa Oblast 641:municipality 632: 628: 627: 506:Postal codes 277:Odesa Oblast 226:30°44′36.4″E 121:Coat of arms 70: 29: 14393:Hero Cities 14253:City garden 13687:Zakarpattia 13444:Krasnosilka 13414:Chornomorsk 13339:Nadlymanske 13314:Kryzhanivka 13284:Cherevychne 13162:Chornomorsk 13124:Odesa Raion 13062:Tatarbunary 13020:Chornomorsk 12862:Tatarbunary 12762:Plakhtiivka 12697:Marazliivka 12677:Liubashivka 12647:Krasnosilka 12572:Chornomorsk 12357:Grigoriopol 12053:(paperback) 11390:(in German) 11274:21 February 10837:zet.gallery 10817:7 September 10664:The Forward 10617:14 November 10578:12 February 10504:The Forward 10407:18 February 10374:29 December 10341:30 November 10312:30 November 10255:26 December 10229:26 December 9916:11 November 9227:Polish News 8848:20 November 8727:(35): 195. 8421:18 February 8022:14 November 7977:14 November 7955:14 November 7925:14 November 7505:nicknamed " 7450: [ 7127:29 December 6357:Roman Pelts 6339:Irina Krush 6230:Efim Geller 6098:marshrutkas 6088:The city's 6082:metre gauge 5977:), Greece ( 5924:M05 Highway 5464:Yaakov Dori 5240:Beaches of 5178:Yury Olesha 5142:Yuri Olesha 5124:Isaac Babel 5067:Emil Gilels 5047:Zakhar Bron 4996:Igor Glazer 4956:(legendary 4938:Jacob Adler 4782:Novorossian 4664:City Garden 4611:, Catholic 4540:neo-baroque 4420:legislative 4372:Odesa Raion 4270:Percentage 4256:2001 census 4200:during the 4114:Belarusians 3931:Belarusians 3880:Belarusians 2706:formation. 2551:Sea of Azov 2524: / 2462:, the city 2426:during the 2128:French Army 2124:World War I 2005:Russianized 1905:Crimean War 1875:freemasonry 1864:Arnautskaya 1860:Yevreyskaya 1856:Grecheskaya 1830:Ivan Martos 1814:Catherine's 1783:Alexander I 1690:Ivan Martos 1647:river Botna 1551:During the 1536:and future 1484:Kievan Rus' 1437:Jan Długosz 793:Chornomorsk 770:Renaissance 766:Art Nouveau 707:Kotsiubijiv 690:during the 657:Odesa Raion 510:65000–65480 310:19 May 1415 289:Odesa Raion 238: / 223:46°29′8.6″N 91:city garden 15033:Categories 14955:Yevpatoria 14889:Kramatorsk 14853:Kremenchuk 14848:Chernivtsi 14785:Sevastopol 14778:Simferopol 14730:Kryvyi Rih 14675:1,000,000+ 14603:Volnovakha 14542:Sevastopol 14423:Stalingrad 14418:Sevastopol 14121:Art Museum 14060:Quarantine 13933:Zaporozhye 13917:Sevastopol 13859:Simferopol 13854:Sevastopol 13778:Kramatorsk 13764:Chernivtsi 13720:Sevastopol 13627:Kirovohrad 13592:Chernivtsi 13454:Nerubaiske 13229:Naberezhne 12957:Zatyshshia 12952:Zakharivka 12877:Tsebrykove 12837:Stepanivka 12817:Shyriaieve 12712:Nerubayske 12707:Mykolaivka 12642:Konopliane 12387:Yevpatoria 12347:Sevastopol 12342:Simferopol 12249:Yad Vashem 11587:7 November 11522:See also: 11495:. Litres. 11461:7 November 11414:omr.gov.ua 11358:omr.gov.ua 11087:mfa.gov.ua 11038:9 February 10958:4 November 10187:28 October 10161:28 October 10135:28 October 10109:28 October 10079:28 October 9510:1 November 9446:8 November 9366:Landslides 9319:26 January 9289:26 January 9263:1 November 8971:20 January 8908:16 October 8825:Richardson 8813:Richardson 8771:Richardson 8659:14 October 8208:Richardson 7568:25 October 7557:9004069216 7219:25 January 7188:25 January 6974:References 6898:Valparaíso 6678:Regensburg 6470:Alexandria 6447:See also: 6152:See also: 6070:Odesa tram 6027:Bratislava 6025:, Prague, 5971:Pyatigorsk 5938:, and the 5779:Mark Krein 5733:Scientists 5492:Janka Bryl 5353:Ahad Ha'am 5218:well-being 5196:(Russian: 5160:dissident 5150:Vera Inber 5102:Literature 4869:Caravaggio 4548:Semperoper 4433:(raions): 4228:Ukrainians 4166:Bulgarians 4096:Bulgarians 4084:Ukrainians 4051:Bulgarians 4027:Ukrainians 4000:Bulgarians 3982:Ukrainians 3949:Bulgarians 3913:Ukrainians 3844:Ukrainians 3444:Source 2: 2614:landslides 2591:Khadzhibey 2446:Euromaidan 2375:Russophone 2263:Sevastopol 2259:Stalingrad 2197:See also: 2136:White Army 2132:Greek Army 2031:See also: 1873:, a Greek 1862:(Jewish), 1852:Italiansky 1848:Frantsuzky 1834:Mark Twain 1706:Moldavanka 1651:de Wollant 1526:See also: 1480:Varangians 1456:Yeni Dünya 1385:, and the 1367:Petchenegs 1344:necropolis 1005:Greek Plan 774:Classicist 746:naval base 665:1,010,537. 610:Endangered 576:Designated 426:Demonym(s) 401:in Ukraine 379:Population 315:Government 14939:Pavlohrad 14919:Berdiansk 14913:Sloviansk 14895:Melitopol 14828:Kamianske 14801:Chernihiv 14772:Vinnytsia 14563:Chernihiv 14408:Leningrad 14278:Odesa Zoo 14126:Catacombs 14030:City Hall 14018:Buildings 13922:Republics 13879:Vinnytsia 13759:Chernihiv 13677:Vinnytsia 13587:Chernihiv 13464:Ovidiopol 13434:Dobroslav 13409:Biliaivka 13379:Vasylivka 13374:Vapniarka 13329:Marynivka 13309:Kovalivka 13249:Ovidiopol 13219:Dobroslav 13157:Biliaivka 13010:Biliaivka 13000:Berezivka 12967:Znamianka 12897:Vasylivka 12892:Uspenivka 12872:Teplytsia 12842:Striukove 12807:Serhiivka 12772:Raukhivka 12757:Pishchana 12737:Ovidiopol 12652:Krynychne 12592:Dobroslav 12552:Biliaivka 12542:Berezivka 12469:Berezivka 12392:Stavropol 12337:Melitopol 12322:Ovidiopol 11962:163549178 10927:6 January 10607:0362-4331 10397:jpost.com 10301:Ukrinform 10271:"Головна" 9572:cite book 9121:3 October 8815:, p. 103. 8743:243955109 8210:, p. 110. 7915:0261-3077 7802:"Odesa". 7550:. BRILL. 7299:Liha-Pres 7248:13 August 7116:USA Today 6833:Marrakesh 6717:Vancouver 6613:Marseille 6587:Liverpool 6522:Constanța 6483:Baltimore 6453:Odesa is 6212:in 2015. 6195:Euro 2012 6120:funicular 6102:cable car 6048:in 2006. 5967:Krasnodar 5930:, M15 to 5834:Black Sea 5809:Transport 5743:Igor Tamm 5587:Black Sea 5542:scene in 5536:violinist 5532:conductor 5427:performer 5372:in 1919. 5263:clinics. 5083:Yakov Zak 4756:Education 4588:partisans 4580:labyrinth 4576:smugglers 4572:limestone 4478:panoramic 4458:Cityscape 4327:Ukrainian 4315:1 010 298 4276:Ukrainian 4264:Language 4190:Romanians 4170:Georgians 4154:Armenians 4150:Albanians 4120:Armenians 4108:Moldovans 4057:Moldovans 4012:Armenians 4006:Moldovans 3955:Moldovans 3937:Armenians 3874:Armenians 3803:1,010,537 3792:1,009,145 3781:1,029,049 3770:1,115,371 3759:1,046,133 2644:Black Sea 2640:panoramic 2606:Black Sea 2583:estuaries 2555:Black Sea 2547:Black Sea 2533:) in the 2481:Geography 2417:Euro 2012 2360:Leningrad 2255:Leningrad 2251:Hero City 2054:Menshevik 1973:Palestine 1858:(Greek), 1729:Khadjibey 1727:In 1795, 1710:Khadjibey 1702:Moldavian 1679:Khadjibey 1670:Khadjibey 1619:Khadjibey 1573:Khadjibey 1448:Khadjibey 1421:Khadjibey 1140:1789–1917 1128:1484–1789 971:romanized 950:romanized 916:romanized 882:romanized 873:Ukrainian 805:pipelines 738:free port 734:Khadjibey 649:Black Sea 517:Area code 469:Time zone 450:Ukrainian 430:English: 420:1,378,490 390:1,010,537 355:Elevation 14944:Uzhhorod 14933:Alchevsk 14858:Ternopil 14823:Zhytomyr 14817:Horlivka 14806:Cherkasy 14766:Makiivka 14752:Mariupol 14746:Mykolaiv 14598:Okhtyrka 14593:Mykolaiv 14588:Mariupol 14568:Hostomel 14468:Smolensk 14463:Murmansk 14352:Category 14070:Sea Port 13911:and the 13905:Republic 13889:Zhytomyr 13874:Uzhhorod 13869:Ternopil 13834:Mykolaiv 13754:Cherkasy 13697:Zhytomyr 13672:Ternopil 13647:Mykolaiv 13582:Cherkasy 13474:Teplodar 13439:Fontanka 13404:Avanhard 13395:Hromadas 13279:Berehove 13270:Villages 13209:Avanhard 13172:Teplodar 13067:Teplodar 13057:Rozdilna 12867:Teplodar 12857:Tarutyne 12847:Suvorove 12822:Slobidka 12782:Rozdilna 12742:Pavlivka 12687:Lymanske 12672:Kurisove 12667:Kulevcha 12662:Kuialnyk 12617:Ivanivka 12612:Horodnie 12607:Fontanka 12602:Dyviziia 12597:Dolynske 12562:Borodino 12532:Avanhard 12509:Hromadas 12499:Rozdilna 12382:Feodosia 12372:Olviopol 12362:Tiraspol 12332:Mariupol 12251:website. 12237:Archived 12206:Archived 12022:34219426 12014:18333319 11858:12344892 11808:(eds.). 11706:(1987). 11508:29 April 11480:29 April 11424:29 March 11368:29 March 11311:Archived 11292:Archived 11268:Archived 11238:Archived 11207:25063709 11199:18463079 11154:Archived 11124:Archived 11100:29 April 11064:12 March 11032:Archived 10965:country. 10952:Archived 10921:Archived 10874:Archived 10841:Archived 10811:Archived 10611:Archived 10572:Archived 10425:(1911). 10401:Archived 10365:Archived 10335:Archived 10306:Archived 10181:Archived 10155:Archived 10129:Archived 10103:Archived 10073:Archived 10053:27 March 10047:Archived 10007:Archived 9976:Archived 9952:9 August 9943:Archived 9907:Archived 9857:Archived 9805:Archived 9782:16 April 9776:Archived 9738:15 April 9732:Archived 9706:Archived 9686:16 April 9680:Archived 9618:Archived 9534:Archived 9440:Archived 9412:Archived 9394:17314959 9349:22 April 9343:Archived 9313:Archived 9283:Archived 9257:Archived 9237:5 August 9231:Archived 9207:5 August 9201:Archived 9177:5 August 9171:Archived 9147:27 March 9141:Archived 9115:Archived 9094:Mashable 9086:Archived 9070:Archived 9054:Archived 9031:Archived 9008:Archived 9000:Mashable 8992:Archived 8965:Archived 8902:Archived 8878:31 March 8872:Archived 8842:Archived 8827:, p. 17. 8792:Archived 8773:, p. 33. 8753:22 March 8747:Archived 8653:archived 8415:Archived 8369:Archived 8345:Archived 8306:Archived 8280:Archived 8231:Archived 8165:Archived 8120:5 August 8114:Archived 8083:Archived 8016:Archived 7987:cite web 7949:Archived 7919:Archived 7881:Archived 7826:Archived 7781:Archived 7751:Archived 7718:Archived 7692:25 March 7686:Archived 7666:25 March 7657:Archived 7634:9 August 7628:Archived 7624:15649318 7562:Archived 7522:Archived 7475:Archived 7357:(1977). 7333:Archived 7303:Archived 7278:5 August 7272:Archived 7242:Archived 7213:Archived 7161:Archived 7121:Archived 7085:Archived 7057:26 March 7048:archived 7018:Archived 6995:Archived 6932:See also 6807:Klaipėda 6756:Yokohama 6561:Istanbul 6509:Chișinău 6216:Athletes 6202:BC Odesa 6184:FC Odesa 6168:football 6005:Railways 5987:Bulgaria 5952:Mariupol 5944:Mykolaiv 5869:Istanbul 5820:UkrFerry 5697:Snap inc 5693:Looksery 5679:Imexbank 5641:Tavria-V 5637:business 5633:Tavria-V 5573:and the 5571:Dniester 5528:composer 5423:satirist 5288:Humorina 5280:Navy Day 5182:Ilya Ilf 4970:Humoryna 4958:humorist 4808:and the 4384:hromadas 4318:100.00% 4246:Language 4232:Russians 4213:Russians 4090:Russians 4069:Lipovans 4033:Russians 3976:Russians 3901:Russians 3832:Russians 3344:Average 3112:Average 3107:(−18.4) 3052:(−18.4) 3047:(−15.2) 2827:(102.7) 2802:(100.4) 2797:(102.7) 2587:Kuialnyk 2563:Dniester 2549:and the 2486:Location 2348:Brooklyn 2274:Red Army 2130:and the 2052:and the 2049:Potemkin 1991:and the 1791:Kuriakin 1696:in Odesa 1655:Tiraspol 1639:rescript 1611:Dniester 1609:and the 1581:Spaniard 1540:(1791), 1504:Mykolaiv 1496:Mariupol 1452:fortress 1402:Gazarian 1365:tribes ( 983:Romanian 585:session) 568:Criteria 563:Cultural 445:Odessite 15011:Ukraine 14997:Portals 14949:Brovary 14908:Nikopol 14796:Poltava 14791:Kherson 14759:Luhansk 14714:Donetsk 14687:Kharkiv 14583:Kherson 14578:Kharkiv 14395:of the 14287:Beaches 14109:Museums 14011:Ukraine 13945:Kherson 13940:oblasts 13937:Kherson 13903:as the 13844:Poltava 13814:Luhansk 13794:Kherson 13789:Kharkiv 13774:Donetsk 13657:Poltava 13637:Luhansk 13617:Kherson 13612:Kharkiv 13602:Donetsk 13574:Oblasts 13560:Capital 13499:Vyzyrka 13479:Usatove 13469:Tairove 13369:Usatove 13319:Lymanka 13304:Koshary 13299:Illinka 13254:Tairove 13135:: 13072:Vylkove 13047:Podilsk 13015:Bolhrad 12937:Vyzyrka 12932:Vylkove 12887:Usatove 12852:Tairove 12792:Safiany 12787:Rozkvit 12767:Podilsk 12557:Bolhrad 12494:Podilsk 12479:Bolhrad 12449:: 12377:Nikopol 12367:Olgopol 12352:Kherson 12243:during 12183:(ed.). 12125:3788930 11954:2697495 11394:7 April 11338:4 March 10944:"Odesa" 10435:(ed.). 10280:1 April 10013:14 July 9982:14 July 9624:7 March 9540:7 March 9482:17 July 9374:Bibcode 8798:19 June 8622:Father 8351:12 July 8312:12 July 8286:12 July 8237:16 July 8089:16 July 7887:24 June 7857:12 July 7848:"Odesa" 7832:24 June 7787:12 July 7773:"Odesa" 7499:Palmyra 7470:, see 7424:"Odesa" 7339:13 July 7309:20 July 7182:AP NEWS 7091:12 July 6885:Tbilisi 6872:Tallinn 6820:Larnaca 6743:Yerevan 6665:Qingdao 6652:Piraeus 6626:Nicosia 6574:Kolkata 6455:twinned 6228:player 6106:Vidrada 5999:Ukraine 5948:Kherson 5936:Romania 5928:Moldova 5885:Kherson 5725:Passage 5660:Passage 5599:Trieste 5591:Hamburg 5563:Dnieper 5557:Economy 5444:Mélovin 5437:VitaliV 5349:Yiddish 5319:Zionism 5253:resorts 5242:Arcadia 5206:Ottepel 5204:of the 5192:of the 4888:Pushkin 4873:Mignard 4829:Culture 4532:Fellner 4339:58% of 4296:64.75% 4293:654 128 4289:Russian 4283:30.41% 4280:307 196 4267:Number 4039:Germans 3994:Germans 3925:Germans 3856:Germans 3748:891,546 3737:667,182 3726:607,000 3715:601,651 3704:534,000 3693:325,354 3682:454,200 3674:−12.92% 3671:481,500 3663:+12.02% 3660:635,000 3649:506,000 3638:449,700 3627:403,815 3616:297,600 3605:240,600 3594:217,000 3583:193,513 3572:118,900 3561:104,200 3520:+13.14% 3509:+22.47% 3498:+20.63% 3475:±% p.a. 3181:(18.5) 3102:(−3.3) 3087:(30.6) 3082:(46.2) 3077:(45.5) 3072:(41.4) 3067:(32.5) 3062:(21.4) 3037:(46.6) 3032:(30.6) 3027:(39.0) 3022:(48.0) 3017:(57.2) 3012:(65.3) 3007:(66.4) 3002:(62.4) 2997:(54.7) 2992:(44.4) 2987:(34.9) 2982:(28.2) 2977:(27.1) 2967:(52.3) 2962:(34.7) 2957:(43.3) 2952:(53.6) 2947:(64.0) 2942:(73.6) 2937:(74.1) 2932:(69.4) 2927:(61.2) 2922:(50.0) 2917:(39.7) 2912:(32.7) 2907:(31.3) 2897:(58.8) 2892:(39.6) 2887:(48.4) 2882:(59.5) 2877:(71.2) 2872:(81.9) 2867:(82.2) 2862:(77.2) 2857:(68.5) 2852:(56.5) 2847:(45.9) 2842:(38.1) 2837:(36.1) 2822:(62.4) 2817:(78.8) 2812:(88.0) 2807:(95.7) 2792:(99.0) 2787:(91.9) 2782:(84.9) 2777:(76.6) 2772:(66.6) 2767:(60.3) 2704:sea ice 2682:tourism 2652:Climate 2512:30°44′E 2509:46°28′N 2458:In the 2389:In the 2181:During 2069:of the 1977:Zionism 1969:Ottoman 1961:Pogroms 1921:Kharkiv 1909:British 1632:Sucleia 1628:Ochakiv 1571:, took 1534:magnate 1500:Kherson 1429:Turkish 1425:English 1391:Yedisan 1373:), the 1363:nomadic 1348:Histria 1317:Ukraine 1307:1944–91 1295:1941–44 1283:1922–41 1116:1415–84 1090:History 1038:Koshary 1029:Ὀδησσός 998:Palmyra 973:: 962:Yiddish 956:Odissós 952:: 945:Οδησσός 918:: 907:Russian 884:: 821:English 719:Hacibey 703:Histria 679:by the 655:of the 645:Ukraine 526:Website 521:+380 48 458:Russian 441:Odessan 437:Odesite 296:Hromada 265:Ukraine 252:Country 15023:Europe 14692:Dnipro 14438:Moscow 14413:Odessa 13948:oblast 13909:Crimea 13901:Russia 13769:Dnipro 13738:Crimea 13509:Yuzhne 13494:Vyhoda 13449:Maiaky 13429:Dalnyk 13424:Dachne 13324:Maiaky 13294:Dachne 13177:Yuzhne 13148:Cities 13077:Yuzhne 13035:Kodyma 13030:Kiliia 13025:Izmail 12990:Artsyz 12985:Ananiv 12977:Cities 12947:Yuzhne 12927:Vyhoda 12802:Savran 12797:Sarata 12702:Moloha 12692:Maiaky 12637:Kodyma 12632:Kiliia 12622:Izmail 12587:Dalnyk 12582:Dachne 12527:Artsyz 12517:Ananiv 12484:Izmail 12461:Raions 12327:Odessa 12198:Curlie 12154: 12142: 12123: 12088: 12069: 12049: 12037: 12020: 12012: 11981: 11960: 11952: 11919: 11900: 11881: 11856: 11837: 11818: 11793: 11771: 11745: 11726: 11714: 11662: 11643: 11624: 11605: 11573: 11541: 11499: 11452: 11205: 11197: 11160:29 May 11150:AIN.UA 11130:29 May 11120:AIN.UA 10847:24 May 10807:Forbes 10765: 10738: 10714:17 May 10705: 10670:17 May 10644:9 June 10605: 10564: 10536:17 May 10510:17 May 10482: 10205: 9866:27 May 9829: 9811:22 May 9712:22 May 9557:Одесса 9418:5 June 9392: 8939:22 May 8741: 8678:Senatu 8534: 8484:9 June 8475: 8396: 8337: 7913: 7757:14 May 7747:GOV.UK 7727:14 May 7622: 7612: 7554: 7408:9 June 7151:] 6924:Warsaw 6911:Vienna 6859:Ningbo 6794:Gdańsk 6704:Szeged 6496:Bremen 6457:with: 6023:Warsaw 5983:Athens 5975:Munich 5932:Izmail 5889:Dnipro 5850:Yuzhne 5801:, and 5629:tycoon 5575:Danube 5569:, the 5565:, the 5534:, and 5431:Soviet 5413:Barbie 5370:Ruslan 5345:Hebrew 5140:, and 4898:, the 4789:, the 4619:, and 4544:rococo 4536:Helmer 4312:Total 4307:4.84% 4304:48 974 4174:Greeks 4158:Azeris 4063:Tatars 3943:Greeks 3886:French 3868:Tatars 3862:Greeks 3806:+0.01% 3795:−0.20% 3784:−0.67% 3773:+0.64% 3762:+1.79% 3751:+2.67% 3740:+3.20% 3729:+0.05% 3718:+4.06% 3707:+4.61% 3696:−6.45% 3685:−0.97% 3652:+4.01% 3641:+1.08% 3630:+5.22% 3619:+3.61% 3608:+2.09% 3597:+1.65% 3586:+4.99% 3575:+2.67% 3564:+2.11% 3553:+2.19% 3550:77,800 3542:+4.89% 3539:60,000 3531:+2.51% 3528:52,000 3517:35,000 3434:2,308 3251:(0.8) 3246:(0.4) 3201:(0.4) 3196:(0.8) 3191:(0.8) 3176:(1.5) 3171:(1.5) 3166:(1.5) 3161:(1.7) 3156:(1.6) 3151:(1.8) 3146:(1.9) 3141:(1.5) 3136:(1.1) 3131:(1.4) 3126:(1.4) 3121:(1.7) 3097:(5.7) 3092:(8.1) 3057:(3.2) 2718:Month 2595:Sukhyi 2471:UNESCO 2430:. The 2344:Israel 2261:, and 2151:famine 2011:. The 1740:Odessa 1734:Одесса 1715:Under 1624:Bender 1563:under 1502:, and 1417:Crimea 1381:, the 1377:, the 1371:Cumans 1084:Odessa 1048:Odessa 922:Odessa 911:Одесса 830:Odessa 797:oblast 758:Warsaw 750:Moscow 681:UNESCO 633:Odessa 603:Europe 571:ii, iv 433:Odesan 272:Oblast 262: 89:; and 49:Odessa 15039:Odesa 14902:Kerch 14868:Lutsk 14843:Rivne 14697:Odesa 14573:Irpin 14558:Bucha 14537:Odesa 14527:Kerch 14453:Minsk 14443:Kerch 14313:Other 14007:Odesa 13849:Rivne 13839:Odesa 13824:Lutsk 13682:Volyn 13662:Rivne 13652:Odesa 13504:Yasky 13459:Odesa 13364:Tykhe 13167:Odesa 13138:Odesa 13041:Odesa 12995:Balta 12942:Yasky 12882:Tuzly 12812:Shabo 12727:Odesa 12682:Lyman 12657:Kubei 12537:Balta 12489:Odesa 12452:Odesa 12247:, at 12194:Odesa 12179:. In 12121:JSTOR 12018:S2CID 11958:S2CID 11950:JSTOR 11696:(PDF) 11681:(PDF) 11244:2 May 11203:S2CID 11094:(PDF) 11083:(PDF) 10431:. In 10368:(PDF) 10361:(PDF) 9946:(PDF) 9935:(PDF) 9910:(PDF) 9899:(PDF) 9860:(PDF) 9849:(PDF) 9501:(CSV) 9476:(XLS) 9465:(XLS) 9390:S2CID 8739:S2CID 8074:ОДЕСА 7721:(PDF) 7714:(PDF) 7660:(PDF) 7653:(PDF) 7454:] 7377:(PDF) 7362:(PDF) 7164:(PDF) 7153:(PDF) 7147:[ 7051:(PDF) 7044:(PDF) 6954:Notes 6846:Minsk 6781:Brest 6730:Varna 6691:Split 6548:Haifa 6535:Genoa 6226:Chess 6148:Sport 5995:Sofia 5991:Varna 5877:Varna 5873:Haifa 5836:port. 5595:Muuga 5392:Cheka 5194:Youth 5118:Poet 4347:54%. 4194:Turks 4182:Poles 4126:Poles 4045:Poles 3988:Poles 3919:Poles 3850:Poles 3506:9,000 3495:6,000 3484:2,349 3387:75.3 3384:83.6 3381:81.9 3378:77.1 3375:71.8 3372:65.4 3369:66.0 3366:70.6 3363:71.0 3360:74.5 3357:78.4 3354:80.7 3351:82.5 3105:−28.0 3100:−19.6 3095:−14.6 3090:−13.3 3055:−16.0 3050:−28.0 3045:−26.2 2757:Year 2402:naval 2058:Iskra 1774:dacha 1265:UkSSR 1225:UkSSR 1214:PWPGU 1062:Odesa 1033:Varna 1021:Olbia 1017:Tyras 987:Odesa 966:אָדעס 941:Greek 888:Odesa 877:Одеса 826:Odesa 629:Odesa 614:2023– 579:2023 495:UTC+3 474:UTC+2 416:Metro 284:Raion 197:Odesa 164:Odesa 44:Одеса 39:Odesa 14811:Sumy 14725:Lviv 14682:Kyiv 14532:Kyiv 14458:Tula 14428:Kiev 13935:and 13931:and 13864:Sumy 13829:Lviv 13809:Kyiv 13715:Kyiv 13667:Sumy 13642:Lviv 13632:Kyiv 13565:Kyiv 13052:Reni 12777:Reni 12732:Okny 12152:ISBN 12140:ISBN 12086:ISBN 12067:ISBN 12047:ISBN 12035:ISBN 12010:PMID 11979:ISBN 11917:ISBN 11898:ISBN 11879:ISBN 11854:OCLC 11835:ISBN 11816:ISBN 11791:ISBN 11769:ISBN 11743:ISBN 11724:ISBN 11712:ISBN 11660:ISBN 11641:ISBN 11622:ISBN 11603:ISBN 11589:2009 11571:ISBN 11539:ISBN 11510:2019 11497:ISBN 11482:2019 11463:2009 11450:ISBN 11426:2020 11396:2024 11370:2020 11340:2013 11276:2023 11246:2006 11195:PMID 11162:2020 11132:2020 11102:2012 11066:2013 11040:2021 10960:2014 10929:2024 10849:2019 10819:2017 10763:ISBN 10736:ISBN 10716:2024 10703:ISBN 10672:2024 10646:2009 10619:2016 10603:ISSN 10580:2016 10562:ISBN 10538:2024 10512:2024 10480:ISBN 10409:2023 10376:2019 10343:2022 10314:2022 10282:2024 10257:2011 10231:2011 10203:ISBN 10189:2011 10163:2011 10137:2011 10111:2015 10081:2011 10055:2023 10015:2023 9984:2023 9954:2023 9918:2021 9868:2015 9827:ISBN 9813:2014 9784:2015 9740:2015 9714:2014 9688:2015 9626:2020 9578:link 9542:2020 9512:2023 9484:2021 9448:2021 9420:2009 9351:2020 9321:2022 9291:2022 9265:2022 9239:2022 9209:2022 9179:2022 9149:2023 9123:2020 8973:2021 8941:2014 8910:2020 8880:2022 8850:2022 8800:2018 8755:2022 8661:2018 8607:2024 8585:2024 8563:2024 8532:ISBN 8486:2015 8473:ISBN 8452:2024 8423:2023 8394:ISBN 8353:2022 8335:ISBN 8314:2022 8288:2022 8239:2023 8122:2022 8091:2023 8024:2015 7993:link 7979:2023 7957:2023 7927:2023 7911:ISSN 7889:2022 7859:2022 7834:2022 7789:2022 7759:2022 7729:2022 7694:2022 7668:2022 7636:2022 7620:OCLC 7610:ISBN 7570:2015 7552:ISBN 7495:Note 7443:Note 7410:2009 7341:2023 7311:2023 7280:2022 7250:2022 7221:2023 7190:2023 7129:2022 7093:2022 7059:2023 6639:Oulu 6600:Łódź 6251:and 5993:and 5981:and 5946:and 5934:and 5893:Kyiv 5891:and 5875:and 5822:and 5723:The 5665:The 5597:and 5425:and 5396:NKVD 5347:and 5180:and 5110:The 5088:The 5081:and 5037:and 4877:Hals 4848:The 4764:The 4731:The 4662:The 4534:and 4499:The 4424:rada 4374:and 4217:Jews 4186:Roma 4178:Jews 4102:Jews 4077:2001 4020:1941 3970:Jews 3963:1939 3907:Jews 3894:1926 3838:Jews 3825:1897 3800:2022 3789:2011 3778:2001 3767:1989 3756:1979 3745:1970 3734:1959 3723:1956 3712:1939 3701:1936 3690:1925 3679:1920 3668:1914 3657:1912 3646:1910 3635:1907 3624:1897 3613:1891 3602:1885 3591:1880 3580:1873 3569:1863 3558:1858 3547:1844 3536:1832 3525:1829 3514:1813 3503:1802 3492:1800 3481:1795 3470:Pop. 3466:Year 3446:NOAA 3425:158 3422:239 3419:323 3416:348 3413:315 3410:299 3407:219 3404:153 3348:(%) 3330:0.2 3312:0.4 3295:122 3241:(0) 3236:(0) 3231:(0) 3226:(0) 3221:(0) 3216:(0) 3211:(0) 3206:(0) 3085:−0.8 3060:−5.9 3030:−0.8 3015:14.0 3010:18.5 3005:19.1 3000:16.9 2995:12.6 2980:−2.1 2975:−2.7 2965:11.3 2950:12.0 2945:17.8 2940:23.1 2935:23.4 2930:20.8 2925:16.2 2920:10.0 2905:−0.4 2895:14.9 2880:15.3 2875:21.8 2870:27.7 2865:27.9 2860:25.1 2855:20.3 2850:13.6 2825:39.3 2820:16.9 2815:26.0 2810:31.1 2805:35.4 2800:38.0 2795:39.3 2790:37.2 2785:33.3 2780:29.4 2775:24.8 2770:19.2 2765:15.7 2754:Dec 2751:Nov 2748:Oct 2745:Sep 2742:Aug 2739:Jul 2736:Jun 2733:May 2730:Apr 2727:Mar 2724:Feb 2721:Jan 2699:Snow 2593:and 2567:Kyiv 2494:The 2213:Axis 2007:and 1951:The 1925:Iaşi 1919:and 1917:Kyiv 1911:and 1869:The 1626:and 1567:and 1410:Khan 1305:USSR 1281:USSR 1237:AFSR 1202:AFSR 1156:1917 1056:Kyiv 1019:and 977:Odes 865:DESS 815:Name 787:and 781:port 772:and 756:and 659:and 639:and 637:city 594:1703 560:Type 552:The 499:EEST 386:City 338:City 331:Area 131:Logo 107:Flag 57:City 23:and 14005:in 13915:of 13907:of 12436:of 12196:at 12113:doi 12002:doi 11942:doi 11187:doi 10695:doi 9903:IRI 9853:IRI 9559:". 9382:doi 8729:doi 7583:356 7483:OCR 6104:to 6068:An 5985:), 5940:M14 5148:". 4966:KVN 4538:in 4370:of 3431:48 3428:63 3401:88 3398:55 3339:41 3306:10 3303:11 3292:10 3289:13 3286:10 3277:10 3274:13 3271:12 3268:11 3265:10 3179:470 3080:7.9 3075:7.5 3070:5.2 3065:0.3 3035:8.1 3025:3.9 3020:8.9 2990:6.9 2985:1.6 2960:1.5 2955:6.3 2915:4.3 2910:0.4 2890:4.2 2885:9.1 2845:7.7 2840:3.4 2835:2.3 2686:spa 2678:Cfa 2670:BSk 2662:Dfa 2537:in 2265:). 2056:'s 1415:of 1178:OSR 1166:UPR 863:oh- 828:or 697:In 643:in 488:DST 478:EET 399:3rd 15035:: 14009:, 13927:, 13562:: 12257:, 12119:. 12109:28 12107:. 12061:. 12016:. 12008:. 11998:27 11996:. 11973:. 11956:. 11948:. 11938:60 11936:. 11877:. 11873:: 11869:. 11763:. 11687:. 11683:. 11412:. 11386:. 11356:. 11266:. 11262:. 11236:. 11201:. 11193:. 11183:16 11181:. 11148:. 11118:. 11085:. 11030:. 10962:. 10946:. 10919:. 10915:. 10895:. 10835:. 10809:. 10805:. 10785:. 10701:, 10689:, 10662:. 10609:. 10601:. 10597:. 10570:. 10546:^ 10528:. 10502:. 10399:. 10395:. 10384:^ 10327:. 10325:)" 10298:. 10273:. 10101:. 10097:. 10001:. 9974:. 9970:. 9941:. 9937:. 9905:. 9901:. 9855:. 9851:. 9837:^ 9792:^ 9774:. 9770:. 9678:. 9674:. 9616:. 9612:. 9574:}} 9570:{{ 9532:. 9528:. 9503:. 9467:. 9410:. 9388:. 9380:. 9368:. 9337:. 9307:. 9225:. 9195:. 9165:. 9109:. 9092:, 9076:, 9060:, 9037:, 9014:, 8998:, 8981:^ 8927:. 8896:. 8866:. 8786:. 8763:^ 8745:. 8737:. 8725:35 8723:. 8719:. 8651:, 8645:, 8631:^ 8615:^ 8546:^ 8494:^ 8431:^ 8375:, 8343:. 8257:. 8223:. 8200:^ 8177:^ 8108:. 8081:. 8045:^ 8014:. 8010:. 7989:}} 7985:{{ 7947:. 7943:. 7917:. 7905:. 7879:. 7875:. 7850:. 7824:. 7820:. 7779:. 7775:. 7745:. 7716:. 7626:. 7618:. 7588:^ 7560:. 7528:, 7509:". 7452:ru 7426:. 7396:. 7385:^ 7368:. 7364:. 7327:. 7301:. 7297:. 7270:. 7266:. 7211:. 7207:. 7180:. 7159:. 7119:. 7113:. 7101:^ 7077:. 7066:^ 7046:, 7024:, 7001:, 6981:^ 6144:. 5969:, 5965:, 5895:. 5887:, 5871:, 5864:. 5844:, 5805:. 5797:, 5793:, 5789:, 5785:, 5781:, 5777:, 5773:, 5769:, 5765:, 5761:, 5757:, 5753:, 5699:. 5677:. 5593:, 5530:, 5460:". 5325:, 5172:, 5077:, 5073:, 5069:, 5065:, 5061:, 5057:, 5053:, 5045:, 5041:, 5033:, 4919:. 4875:, 4871:, 4797:. 4692:. 4642:. 4627:. 4567:. 4476:A 4258:: 4226:, 4219:. 4192:, 4188:, 4184:, 4180:, 4176:, 4172:, 4168:, 4164:, 4160:, 4156:, 4152:, 3811:at 3336:9 3333:4 3327:0 3324:0 3321:0 3318:0 3315:0 3309:6 3283:9 3280:8 3262:7 3259:9 3174:38 3169:39 3164:37 3159:44 3154:40 3149:45 3144:47 3139:39 3134:28 3129:35 3124:35 3119:43 2638:A 2597:. 2589:, 2477:. 2257:, 2245:, 2224:. 2165:. 2119:. 2088:. 2073:. 2060:. 2023:. 1979:. 1657:. 1498:, 1466:A 1389:. 1369:, 1358:. 1044:. 1027:: 1000:. 985:: 968:, 964:: 947:, 943:: 913:, 909:: 879:, 875:: 867:-ə 839:oʊ 823:: 776:. 768:, 752:, 460:: 452:: 443:, 439:, 435:, 81:; 73:: 14999:: 14637:e 14630:t 14623:v 14502:e 14495:t 14488:v 14385:e 14378:t 14371:v 13995:e 13988:t 13981:v 13820:) 13816:( 13780:) 13776:( 13543:e 13536:t 13529:v 13111:e 13104:t 13097:v 12426:e 12419:t 12412:v 12305:e 12298:t 12291:v 12148:. 12127:. 12115:: 12094:. 12075:. 12043:. 12024:. 12004:: 11987:. 11964:. 11944:: 11925:. 11906:. 11887:. 11860:. 11843:. 11824:. 11799:. 11777:. 11765:2 11751:. 11720:. 11689:3 11668:. 11649:. 11630:. 11611:. 11591:. 11558:. 11547:. 11512:. 11484:. 11465:. 11428:. 11398:. 11372:. 11342:. 11278:. 11248:. 11209:. 11189:: 11164:. 11134:. 11104:. 11068:. 10931:. 10851:. 10821:. 10771:. 10744:. 10697:: 10674:. 10648:. 10621:. 10582:. 10540:. 10514:. 10488:. 10411:. 10378:. 10345:. 10316:. 10284:. 10259:. 10233:. 10191:. 10165:. 10139:. 10113:. 10083:. 10057:. 10031:. 10017:. 9986:. 9956:. 9920:. 9870:. 9815:. 9786:. 9742:. 9716:. 9690:. 9660:. 9628:. 9580:) 9555:" 9544:. 9514:. 9486:. 9450:. 9422:. 9396:. 9384:: 9376:: 9370:3 9353:. 9323:. 9293:. 9267:. 9241:. 9211:. 9181:. 9151:. 9125:. 8975:. 8943:. 8912:. 8882:. 8852:. 8802:. 8757:. 8731:: 8609:. 8587:. 8565:. 8540:. 8488:. 8454:. 8425:. 8400:. 8316:. 8241:. 8124:. 8093:. 8026:. 7995:) 7981:. 7959:. 7929:. 7891:. 7861:. 7836:. 7791:. 7761:. 7731:. 7696:. 7670:. 7638:. 7432:. 7412:. 7370:1 7343:. 7313:. 7282:. 7252:. 7223:. 7192:. 7131:. 7095:. 6186:. 5989:( 5671:₴ 5482:. 3249:2 3244:1 3239:0 3234:0 3229:0 3224:0 3219:0 3214:0 3209:0 3204:0 3199:1 3194:2 3189:2 2676:( 2668:( 2660:( 1737:( 1256:/ 1248:/ 1216:/ 1098:. 857:/ 854:ə 851:s 848:ɛ 845:d 842:ˈ 836:/ 501:) 497:( 490:) 480:) 476:( 27:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index