2206:(CAS) found that the IOC provided insufficient evidence for 28 athletes, and overturned their IOC sanctions. For 11 other athletes, the CAS decided that there was sufficient evidence to uphold their Sochi sanctions, but reduced their lifetime bans to only the 2018 Winter Olympics. The IOC said in a statement that "the result of the CAS decision does not mean that athletes from the group of 28 will be invited to the Games. Not being sanctioned does not automatically confer the privilege of an invitation" and that "this may have a serious impact on the future fight against doping". The IOC found it important to note that the CAS Secretary General "insisted that the CAS decision does not mean that these 28 athletes are innocent" and that they would consider an appeal against the court's decision. Later that month, the Russian Olympic Committee was reinstated by the IOC, despite numerous failed drug tests by Russian athletes in the 2018 Olympics. The Russian Anti-Doping Agency was re-certified in September, despite the Russian rejection of the McLaren Report.
1299:
consolidated into four containment areas within the site, which left the remaining areas available for recreational use. The site contained waste materials that then no longer posed a threat to surrounding aquifers. In the 2006 Games in Torino, Italy, soil impacts were observed. Before the Games, researchers studied four areas that the Games would likely affect: a floodplain, a highway, the motorway connecting the city to Lyon, France, and a landfill. They analyzed the chemicals in these areas before and after the Games. Their findings revealed an increase in the number of metals in the topsoil post-Games, and indicated that soil was capable of buffering the effects of many but not all heavy metals. Mercury, lead, and arsenic may have been transferred into the food chain.
2230:. In the immediate days prior to the referendum, the IOC and the PRC government, issued a threatening statement, suggesting that if the team underwent the name change, the IOC had the legal right to make a "suspension of or forced withdrawal," of the team from the 2020 Summer Olympics. In response to the allegations of election interference, the IOC stated, "The IOC does not interfere with local procedures and fully respects freedom of expression. However, to avoid any unnecessary expectations or speculations, the IOC wishes to reiterate that this matter is under its jurisdiction." Subsequently, with a significant PRC pressure, the referendum failed in Taiwan with 45% to 54%.
1858:, seen as the favourite, surprised with a withdrawal. Following a string of local controversies over the masterplan, local officials were outraged by IOC demands on athletes and the Olympic family. In addition, allegations about lavish treatment of stakeholders, including separate lanes to "be created on all roads where IOC members will travel, which are not to be used by regular people or public transportation", exclusive cars and drivers for IOC members. The differential treatment irritated Norwegians. The IOC demanded "control over all advertising space throughout Oslo and the subsites during the Games, to be used exclusively by official sponsors."
8409:
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2292:. He wrote further: "as a fellow fencer, it is impossible for me to imagine how you feel at this moment. The war against your country, the suffering of the people in Ukraine, the uncertainty around your participation at the Fencing World Championships ... and then the events which unfolded yesterday – all this is a roller coaster of emotions and feelings. It is admirable how you are managing this incredibly difficult situation, and I would like to express my full support to you. Rest assured that the IOC will continue to stand in full solidarity with the Ukrainian athletes and the Olympic community of Ukraine."
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1040:, moved to the IOC and became the organisation's first marketing director. ISL and then Meridian continued in the established role as the IOC's sales and marketing agents until 2002. In collaboration with ISL Marketing and Meridian Management, Payne made major contributions to the creation of a multibillion-dollar sponsorship marketing programme for the organisation which, along with improvements in TV marketing and improved financial management, helped to restore the IOC's financial viability.
843:
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3243:
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501:
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3351:
3190:
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1164:, with contributions that assist them in developing their respective sports. The IOC provides financial support to the 28 IOSFs of Olympic summer sports and the seven IOSFs of Olympic winter sports. The continually increasing value of Olympic broadcasts has enabled the IOC to substantially increase financial support to IOSFs with each successive Games. The seven winter sports IFs shared US$ 85.8 million, €75 million in Salt Lake 2002 broadcast revenue.
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imposing strict dust control on construction sites, closing or relocating the polluting industrial plants, building long subway lines, using cleaner fluid in power plants, and reducing the activity by some of the polluting factories. There, levels of primary and secondary pollutants were reduced, and good air quality was recorded during the
Beijing Olympics on most days. Beijing also sprayed
1896:, called for a boycott of the 2022 Winter Games. The IOC responded to concerns by saying that the Olympic Games must not be politicised. Some nations diplomatically boycotted games, which prohibited a diplomatic delegation from representing a nation at the games, rather than a full boycott that would have barred athletes from competing. In September 2021, the IOC suspended the
1996:. Any female athlete flagged for suspicion and whose testosterone surpassed regulation levels was prohibited from competing until medical treatment brought their hormone levels within standard levels. It has been argued by press, scholars, and politicians that some ethnicities are disproportionately impacted by this regulation and that the rule excludes too many.
1095:
2013–2016 period, the IOC had revenues of about US$ 5.0 billion, of which 73% were from broadcasting rights and 18% were from
Olympic Partners. The Rio 2016 organising committee received US$ 1.5 billion and the Sochi 2014 organising committee received US$ 833 million. National Olympic committees and international federations received US$ 739 million each.
1602:. The public schools subscribed to the belief that sport formed an important part of education but that practicing or training was considered cheating. As class structure evolved through the 20th century, the definition of the amateur athlete as an aristocratic gentleman became outdated. The advent of the state-sponsored "full-time amateur athlete" of
2393:. This includes 23 Chinese swimmers who were suspended for more than a year, as samples collected on 6 October 2022 had trace amounts of metandienone. The lab later found that the samples were likely contaminated, as control testing revealed the presence of metandienone in substances such as nutrutional supplements and meat products.
1630:, Manitoba, Canada. The decision was reversed in January 1970 after Brundage declared that the change would put ice hockey's status as an Olympic sport in jeopardy. In response, Canada withdrew from international ice hockey competition and officials stated that they would not return until "open competition" was instituted.
2090:, because the sport did not offer equal opportunities for men and women. This decision was attacked by the sporting community, given the sport's long traditions. This decision was later overturned, after a reassessment. Later, the sport was placed among the core Olympic sports, which it will hold until at least 2032.
1831:
Japan's successful race to host the 2020 Summer Games. The following day, French prosecutors confirmed they were investigating allegations of "corruption and money laundering" of more than $ 2m in suspicious payments made by the Tokyo 2020 Olympic bid committee to a secret bank account linked to Diack.
3147:
Supervise all the activities of the
Olympic Movement that are related to culture in the broadest sense of the term - art, history, focus on values, academic research and patrimonial collections – with a view to promoting the Olympic ideals as widely as possible, especially among young people all over
2830:
These commissions have individual missions in the
Olympic Movement. They may be created by The President, the IOC Executive Board, or the Olympic Charter. The President is an ex officio member of all commissions, designates its members and determines their dissolution once they have fulfilled their
1317:
and man-made substances (such as exhaust from vehicles or industry). Contaminants from these two categories elevate amounts of toxins in street dust. Street dust reaches water sources through runoff, facilitating the transfer of toxins to environments and communities that rely on these water sources.
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can occur during construction. The Sydney
Olympic Games of 2000 resulted in improving a highly contaminated area known as Homebush Bay. A pre-Games study reported soil metal concentrations high enough to potentially contaminate groundwater. A remediation strategy was developed. Contaminated soil was
1282:
For the
Beijing Olympics, vehicles not meeting the Euro 1 emission standards were banned, and the odd-even rule was implemented in the Beijing administrative area. Air quality improvement measures implemented by the Beijing government included replacing coal with natural gas, suspending construction,
917:
Presidents and individuals holding an executive or senior leadership position within NOCs, world or continental associations of NOCs, IFs or associations of IFs, or other organisations recognised by the IOC cease to be a member upon ceasing to exercise the function they were exercising at the time of
1151:
NOCs receive financial support for training and developing their
Olympic teams, Olympic athletes, and Olympic hopefuls. The IOC distributes TOP programme revenue to each NOC. The IOC also contributes Olympic broadcast revenue to Olympic Solidarity, an IOC organisation that provides financial support
1016:
rejected all attempts to link the
Olympics with commercial interests. Brundage believed that corporate interests would unduly impact the IOC's decision-making. Brundage's resistance to this revenue stream left IOC organising committees to negotiate their own sponsorship contracts and use the Olympic
1706:
region's governor said the
Japanese city provided millions of dollars in an "illegitimate and excessive level of hospitality" to IOC members, including US$ 4.4 million spent on entertainment. Earlier reports put the figure at approximately US$ 14 million. The precise figures are unknown: after
1320:
In 2013, researchers in
Beijing found a significant relationship between the amount of PM2.5 concentrations in the air and in rainfall. Studies showed that rainfall had transferred a large portion of these pollutants from the air to water sources. Notably, this cleared the air of such particulates,
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Protect and promote the autonomy and neutrality of sport. It also advises on the role of sport and Olympism in society, as a contributor to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and as a contributor to peace. It recommends approaches to position the IOC as a thought-leader and policy-influencer on
1316:
The Olympic Games can affect water quality in several ways, including runoff and the transfer of polluting substances from the air to water sources through rainfall. Harmful particulates come from natural substances (such as plant matter crushed by higher volumes of pedestrian and vehicle traffic)
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for not shaking the hand of her defeated Russian opponent, although Kharlan instead offered a tapping of blades in acknowledgement. The President of the IOC, Thomas Bach, sent a letter to Kharlan in which he expressed empathy for her, and wrote that in light of the situation she was guaranteed a
1830:
was bidding for the 2016 Summer Olympic Games, though it failed to make it beyond the shortlist. Weeks later, Qatari authorities denied the allegations. Gibson then reported that a €1.3m (£1m, $ 1.5m) payment from the Tokyo Olympic Committee team to an account linked to Papa Diack was made during
2421:
Founded in 1921, The Executive Board manages the afairs of the IOC. Its members include the President, four Vice Presidents, and ten other members. All members are elected, by secret ballot, by a majority of votes cast, for a four-year term. Meetings can only be conducted if convened by the
2167:
and the IOC, based on the athlete's individual circumstances. One day prior to the opening ceremony, 270 athletes were cleared to compete under the Russian flag, while 167 were removed because of doping. In contrast, the entire Kuwaiti team was banned from competing under their own flag (for a
574:
Since 1995, the IOC has worked to address environmental health concerns resulting from hosting the games. In 1995, IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch stated, "the International Olympic Committee is resolved to ensure that the environment becomes the third dimension of the organization of the
570:
Until 1992, both the Summer and Winter Olympics were held in the same year. After that year, however, the IOC shifted the Winter Olympics to the even years between Summer Games to help space the planning of the two events from one another, and to improve the financial balance of the IOC, which
1744:
As a result of the investigation, ten IOC members were expelled and another ten were sanctioned. Stricter rules were adopted for future bids, and caps were put into place as to how much IOC members could accept from bid cities. Additionally, new term and age limits were put into place for IOC
1152:
to NOCs with the greatest need. The continued success of the TOP programme and Olympic broadcast agreements has enabled the IOC to provide increased support for the NOCs with each Olympic quadrennium. The IOC provided approximately US$ 318.5 million to NOCs for the 2001–2004 quadrennium.
1094:
The IOC distributes some of its revenue to organisations throughout the Olympic Movement to support the staging of the Olympic Games and to promote worldwide sport development. The IOC retains approximately 10% of the Olympic marketing revenue for operational and administrative costs. For the
479:
and accept the decisions of the IOC. I will always act independently of commercial and political interests as well as of any racial or religious consideration. I will fully comply with the IOC Code of Ethics. I promise to fight against all forms of discrimination and dedicate myself in all
1729:, head of the coordination committee overseeing the organisation of the 2002 Games, announced that several members of the IOC had received gifts from members of the Salt Lake City 2002 bid Committee in exchange for votes. Soon four independent investigations were underway: by the IOC, the
1112:
stated that he had "yet to see matters of corruption in the IOC", but noted there were "matters of unaccountability". He later noted that when the spotlight is on the athletes, it has "the power to eclipse impressions of scandal or corruption", with respect to the Olympic bid process.
2136:(then known as the IAAF) suspended Russia indefinitely from world track and field events. The United Kingdom Anti-Doping agency later assisted WADA with testing in Russia. In June 2016, they reported that they were unable to fully carry out their work and noted intimidation by armed
1911:, there was speculation about whether the IOC was also intending to send a message to nations considering a boycott of the games that they could be banned from participation in future Olympic Games if they chose to boycott this edition. On 14 October 2021, vice-president of the IOC,
1302:
One promise made to Londoners for the 2012 Olympic Games was that the Olympic Park would be a "blueprint for sustainable living." However, garden allotments were temporarily relocated due to the building of the Olympic stadium. The allotments were eventually returned. However, the
1020:
When Brundage retired the IOC had US$ 2 million in assets; eight years later coffers had swollen, to US$ 45 million. This was primarily due to a shift in ideology toward expansion of the Games through corporate sponsorship and the sale of television rights. When
2353:. The calls from the organizations have been prompted by concerns about the war's impact on Palestinian athletes and sports facilities. In November 2023, Russia accused the IOC of having double standards by not sanctioning Israel due to its military actions in Gaza and
2300:
On 12 October 2023, the International Olympic Committee issued a statement stating that after Russia began its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the Russian Olympic Committee unilaterally transferred four regions that were originally under the jurisdiction of the
1036:, a Swiss sports marketing company, to develop a global marketing programme for the Olympic Movement. ISL developed the programme, but was replaced by Meridian Management, a company partly owned by the IOC in the early 1990s. In 1989, a staff member at ISL Marketing,
1307:
was damaged. Further, allotment residents were exposed to radioactive waste for five months prior to moving, during the excavation of the site for the Games. Other local residents, construction workers, and onsite archaeologists faced similar exposures and risks.
900:
Age limit: any IOC member ceases to be a member at the end of the calendar year during which they reach the age of 70 or 80. Any member who joined in the 1900s ceases to be a member at age 80 and any member who joined in the 2000s ceases to be a member at age
921:
Expulsion: an IOC member may be expelled by decision of the session if such member has betrayed their oath or if the Session considers that such member has neglected or knowingly jeopardised the interests of the IOC or acted in a way which is unworthy of the
601:
status. The decision enables the IOC to be directly involved in the UN Agenda and to attend UN General Assembly meetings where it can take the floor. In 1993, the General Assembly approved a Resolution to further solidify IOC–UN cooperation by reviving the
2332:
opening ceremony as neither nation's athletes were invited. Russia responded by accusing the IOC of being "neo-nazis." Under the ruling, Russian athletes would not be allowed to participate in team events, and are not allowed to display the Russian flag.
3572:
Supervise the implementation of the gender equality and inclusion strategy to enable them to make informed and balanced decisions to advance gender equality in sport on and off the field of play across the three spheres of responsibility of the IOC.
1618:(CAHA) felt their amateur players could no longer be competitive against the Soviet full-time athletes and other constantly improving European teams. They pushed for the ability to use players from professional leagues, but met opposition from the
4383:
Kip Keino (KEN) is the first ever recipient of the Olympic Laurel, a distinction created by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to honour an outstanding individual for their achievements in education, culture, development and peace through
1081:
The OCOGs have responsibility for domestic sponsorship, ticketing and licensing programmes, under the direction of the IOC. The Olympic Movement generated a total of more than US$ 4 billion (€2.5 billion) in revenue during the Olympic
7225:"FIE OUTLINE of RISK-MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS for NATIONAL FENCING FEDERATIONS and COMPETITION ORGANISERS in the CONTEXT of COVID-19 (FORMIR – COVID-19) PREPARED by FIE TASK FORCE and REVIEWED by FIE MEDICAL COMMISSION and FIE LEGAL COMMISSION,"
4888:
Suh J-Y, Birch G. F., Hughes K., Matthai C. (2004) Spatial distribution and source of heavy metals in reclaimed lands of Homebush Bay: the venue of the 2000 Olympic Games, Sydney, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. Vol. 51:
4829:
Chena DS, Chenga SY, Liub L, Chenc T, Guoa XR. (2007). An integrated MM5–CMAQ modeling approach for assessing transboundary PM10 contribution to the host city of the 2008 Olympic Summer Games—Beijing, China. Atmospheric environment. Vol. 41;
1610:
entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were paid by the state to train on a full-time basis. Nevertheless, the IOC held to the traditional rules regarding amateurism.
1125:
TOP programme revenue: the two OCOGs of each Olympic quadrennium generally share approximately 50% of TOP programme revenue and value-in-kind contributions, with approximately 30% provided to the summer OCOG and 20% provided to the winter
1741:. Before any of the investigations could get under way, SLOC co-heads Tom Welch and David Johnson both resigned their posts. Many others soon followed. The Department of Justice filed fifteen counts of bribery and fraud against the pair.
590:, sustainable energy, improved waste management, and environmental education. These projects included industrial plant relocation or closure, furnace replacement, introduction of new emission standards, and more strict traffic control.
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2278:
replaced its previous handshake requirement with a "salute" by the opposing fencers, writing in a public notice that handshakes were "suspended until further notice." Nevertheless, in July 2023, the Ukrainian four-time world champion
1935:
attempted to break Greek law by dressing as a man to enter the arena as a trainer. After she was discovered, a policy was erected wherein trainers, just as athletes, were made to appear naked in order to better assure all were male.
6546:
6520:
3545:
Supervise sustainability and legacy matters and make informed, balanced decisions that maximise positive impacts, minimise negative impacts and foster positive change and legacies in the social, economic and environmental spheres.
3599:
Give guidance, perspective and ideas in the area of Olympic marketing and commercial partnerships which will assist the IOC to continue to generate, enable and grow long-term, sustainable revenue streams for the Olympic Movement.
4819:
Qiao Q, Zhang C, Huang B, Piper JDA. (2011). Evaluating the environmental quality impact of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games: magnetic monitoring of street dust in Beijing Olympic Park. Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 187;
7276:"Ukrainian fencer disqualified from world championships for refusing handshake with Russian opponent; Olga Kharlan offered to touch blades after beating Anna Smirnova, who then staged a sit-down protest at the handshake refusal"
1835:
of the Tokyo 2020 bid committee responded on 17 May 2016, denying allegations of wrongdoing, and refused to reveal transfer details. The controversy was reignited on 11 January 2019 after it emerged Takeda had been indicted on
2400:
if U.S. authorities continued to investigate allegations of doping by Chinese swimmers. The IOC insisted that Salt Lake City agree that it may "terminate Olympic host city contracts in cases where the supreme authority of the
475:"Honoured to be chosen as a member of the International Olympic Committee, I fully accept all the responsibilities that this office brings: I promise to serve the Olympic Movement to the best of my ability. I will respect the
7206:"FIE OUTLINE of RISK-MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS for NATIONAL FENCING FEDERATIONS and COMPETITION ORGANIZERS in the CONTEXT of COVID-19; PREPARED by FIE TASK FORCE and REVIEWED by FIE MEDICAL COMMISSION and FIE LEGAL COMMISSION,"
2456:
Enact, in the form it deems most appropriate, (codes, rulings, norms, guidelines, guides, instructions) all regulations necessary to ensure the proper implementation of the Olympic Charter and the organisation of the Olympic
1955:
test. The scientific community found fault with this policy. The use of the Barr body test was evaluated by fifteen geneticists who unanimously agreed it was scientifically invalid. By the 1970s this method was replaced with
6748:
6434:
1633:
Beginning in the 1970s, amateurism was gradually phased out of the Olympic Charter. After the 1988 Games, the IOC decided to make all professional athletes eligible for the Olympics, subject to the approval of the IFOSs.
6660:
1987:
levels in women athletes. This transition in sex testing was to assure fairness within female events. This was due to the belief that higher testosterone levels increased athletic ability and gave unfair advantages to
7313:
5568:
6866:
3518:
Ensure that the IOC has the appropriate strategies relating to the secure and sustainable use of technology in support of the IOC's daily operations, the delivery of the Olympic Games and of the Youth Olympic Games.
1734:
1130:
613:, Lausanne. The cost of the project was estimated to stand at $ 156m. The IOC announced on 11 February 2019 that the "Olympic House" would be inaugurated on 23 June 2019 to coincide with its 125th anniversary. The
2194:
as an "Olympic Athlete from Russia" (OAR). Under the terms of the decree, Russian government officials were barred from the Games, and neither the country's flag nor anthem would be present. The Olympic Flag and
7585:
5779:
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1247:, and damage urban ecosystems. Black carbon is released into the air from incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fluids, contributing to climate change and injuring human health. Secondary pollutants such as
5841:
1243:(the amount of aerodynamic diameter of particle ≤ 10 μm in a given amount of air) – as a top priority. Particulate matter, along with other airborne pollutants, cause both serious health problems, such as
1136:
Domestic programme revenue: the OCOGs generate substantial revenue from the domestic marketing programmes that they manage within the host country, including domestic sponsorship, ticketing, and licensing.
290:
6408:
3200:
Safeguard the ethical principles of the Olympic Movement, keep the Code of Ethics updated, examines situations involving possible breaches of the ethical principles and, if necessary, proposes sanctions.
6958:
3902:
3227:
Provide advice and recommendations relating to the IOC's financial management in order to safeguard continuity and strengthen the transparency and good governance of the IOC and the Olympic Movement.
7023:
3361:
Maintain year-round interest in the Olympic movement, carrying documentaries and other programming chronicling the Olympic Games, as well as coverage of events in Olympic sport outside of the Games.
7055:
5990:
4500:
2159:
In response to these findings, WADA announced that RUSADA should be regarded as non-compliant with respect to the World Anti-Doping Code and recommended that Russia be banned from competing at the
3755:
7460:
6717:
5682:
1200:
IOC Sustainability and Legacy Commission focuses on how the IOC can improve the strategies and policies associated with environmental health throughout the process of hosting the Olympic Games.
853:
The number of all serving IOC members may not exceed 115. When named they became IOC members in their respective countries rather than representatives of their respective countries to the IOC.
2190:
had been suspended effective immediately from the 2018 Winter Olympics. Athletes who had no previous drug violations and a consistent history of drug testing were allowed to compete under the
6626:
3932:
Chen Y, Jin GZ, Kumar N, Shi G. (2012). The Promise of Beijing: Evaluating the Impact of the 2008 Olympic Games on Air Quality. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 66, 424–433.
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in Gaza. The IOC has cautioned athletes against boycotting or discriminating others, stating that immediate action will follow any discriminatory behavior such as the case of Algerian judoka
516:
as its first president. As of February 2022, its membership consists of 105 active members and 45 honorary members. The IOC is the supreme authority of the worldwide modern Olympic Movement.
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4839:
Wang X et al. (2009). Evaluating the air quality impacts of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games: On-road emission factors and black carbon profiles. Atmospheric environment. Vol. 43; 4535–4543.
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1775:"The goal of Olympism is to place sport at the service of the harmonious development of man, with a view to promoting a peaceful society concerned with the preservation of human dignity."
1188:
The IOC requires cities bidding to host the Olympics to provide a comprehensive strategy to protect the environment in preparation for hosting, and following the conclusion of the Games.
6836:
6378:
6018:
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4522:
3279:
Supervise the legal affairs of the IOC. This includes providing legal opinions, consider defence actions and study the legal nature of issues that may affect the interests of the IOC.
1939:
In more recent history, sex verification has taken many forms and been subject to dispute. Before sex testing, Olympic officials relied on "nude parades" and doctor's notes. Successful
432:
To protect clean athletes and the integrity of sport, by leading the fight against doping, and by taking action against all forms of manipulation of competitions and related corruption;
288:
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Olympic Games, the first and second being sport and culture." Acting on this statement, in 1996 the IOC added the "environment" as a third pillar to its vision for the Olympic Games.
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improvement measures are undertaken before and after each event. Traffic control is the primary method to reduce concentrations of air pollutants, including barring heavy vehicles.
447:
To encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues, to promote sustainable development in sport and to require that the Olympic Games are operated accordingly;
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Sadd D. (2012). Not all Olympic 'events' are good for the health, just ask the previous occupants of the Manor Road. Allotments Perspectives in Public Health. Vol. 132; 2, 62–63.
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Represent athletes within the Olympic Movement, support them so they can succeed in their sporting and non-sporting careers, and empower the network of athlete representatives.
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Supervise the promotion of Olympic values-based education and provides strategic direction on IOC programmes and activities related to the education of youth through sport.
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Palestinian sports organizations and sports organizations from Arab countries have called for sanctions to be imposed against Israel and to prevent its participation in the
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2405:(WADA) in the fight against doping is not fully respected or if the application of the world antidoping code is hindered or undermined." This was intended to undermine the
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reported that French financial prosecutors investigating corruption in world athletics had expanded their remit to include the bidding and voting processes for the
1133:
received US$ 443 million, €395 million in broadcast revenue from the IOC, and the Athens 2004 Organizing Committee received US$ 732 million, €690 million.
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is the general meeting of the members of the IOC, held once a year in which each member has one vote. It is the IOC's supreme organ and its decisions are final.
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To cooperate with competent public or private organizations and authorities endeavouring to place sport at the service of humanity and thereby to promote peace;
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Assist the Director General's Office in fulfilling its responsibilities in terms of risk management, financial reporting, compliance, control and governance.
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4589:
3894:
3725:
2030:
was banned from competing internationally having been found to be in violation of the Hyperandrogenism Regulation. Following the denial of her appeal by the
1915:, announced that the IOC had no plans to challenge the Chinese government on humanitarian issues, stating that the issues were "not within the IOC's remit".
7013:
1227:
Host cities have concerns about traffic congestion and air pollution, both of which can compromise air quality during and after venue construction. Various
9059:
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7045:
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and IOC. At the IIHF Congress in 1969, the IIHF decided to allow Canada to use nine non-NHL professional hockey players at the 1970 World Championships in
1065:
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and the FSB had operated a "state-directed failsafe system" using a "disappearing positive methodology" (DPM) from "at least late 2011 to August 2015".
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Pastor, Aaren (2019). "Unwarranted and Invasive Scrutiny: Caster Semenya, Sex-Gender Testing and the Production of Woman In 'Women's' Track and Field".
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Provide assistance to all the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) for athlete development programmes, in particular those with the greatest needs of it.
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made it clear there was no issue regarding Israel participating at the 2024 Summer Olympics and cautioned athletes against boycotts and discrimination.
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Broadcast revenue: the IOC contributes 49% of the Olympic broadcast revenue for each Games to the OCOG. During the 2001–2004 Olympic quadrennium, the
10809:
8939:
8807:
2357:, as Palestine is also an IOC member. In January 2024, over 300 Palestinian sports clubs called for Israel to be barred from the 2024 Olympics after
2251:
1754:
7184:
4848:
Wang T et al. (2010). Air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympics: secondary pollutants and regional impact. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Vol. 10; 7603–7615.
10755:
9759:
9017:
8837:
8046:
5339:
711:
378:
209:
5264:
3969:
2389:
In late 2022 and early 2023 at different locations and different times, several athletes were suspended for testing positive for trace amounts of
1682:) offered itself as a potential host after Denver's withdrawal, but the IOC declined Salt Lake City's offer. On 5 February 1973, the IOC selected
441:
To encourage and support the efforts of sports organizations and public authorities to provide for the social and professional future of athletes;
9278:
8738:
8408:
4859:
1574:
377:, the IOC's term for all entities and individuals involved in the Olympic Games. As of 2020, 206 NOCs officially were recognized by the IOC. The
7401:
5863:
4288:
10819:
9125:
8927:
8576:
8485:
8281:
6828:
6370:
5294:
5207:
5005:
4466:
4087:
3731:
8795:
5435:
9957:
9776:
9398:
8903:
8801:
7983:
7607:
7423:
4730:
6797:
5737:
5181:
4939:
8696:
5474:
5316:
4763:
6345:
6312:
426:
To encourage and support elected representatives of athletes, working with the IOC Athletes' Commission as their official representative;
10799:
9644:
9368:
8981:
8582:
2444:
Submit, on proposal of the Nomination Commission, to the IOC Session the names of the persons whom it recommends for election to the IOC;
2266:
to silence Peng's sexual assault allegations. Zhang Gaoli previously led the Beijing bidding committee to host the 2022 Winter Olympics.
7275:
7119:
6774:
5802:
5704:
1172:
The IOC contributes Olympic marketing revenue to the programmes of various recognized international sports organizations, including the
9143:
9011:
8768:
8660:
8624:
8349:
8242:
7224:
3743:
2111:
7555:
6464:
4532:
4062:
4056:"Creating a New Horizon for Sustainable 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games: Furthering Benefits to Human and Nature"
3465:
Strengthen the role of sport and Olympism in society as important enablers of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 365 days a year .
1203:
Every candidate city must provide information on environmental health issues such as air quality and environmental impact assessments.
9452:
9201:
8825:
8478:
6683:
5039:"The Olympic Ideal and the Winter Games Attitudes Towards the Olympic Winter Games in Olympic Discourses—from Coubertin to Samaranch"
4336:
7639:
7346:
1960:, as well as evaluating factors such as brain anatomy and behavior. Following continued backlash against mandatory sex testing, the
10834:
10794:
9996:
9829:
9824:
9615:
9587:
9308:
8501:
8249:
7976:
7696:
3831:
1657:
voters' rejection on 7 November 1972, by 60% of the vote, of a $ 5 million bond issue to finance the Games with public funds.
1385:
1161:
932:
868:
7876:
5634:
1025:
was elected IOC president in 1980 his desire was to make the IOC financially independent. Samaranch appointed Canadian IOC member
578:
In 2000, the "Green Olympics" effort was developed by the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Beijing Olympic Games. The Beijing
9991:
9952:
9904:
9687:
9639:
9521:
9446:
9219:
8975:
8831:
8654:
6627:"IOC suspends Russian NOC and creates a path for clean individual athletes to compete in Pyeongchang 2018 under the Olympic Flag"
5361:
4396:
4310:
300:
6889:
5159:
5121:
3331:
Provide a guiding reference for all other sports organisations on matters relating to the protection of the health of athletes.
2377:. The IOC also stated that athletes are not to be held accountable for their government's actions. In March 2024, IOC President
2321:
were included as members of their own, so the International Olympic Committee announced the suspension of the membership of the
10003:
9284:
9065:
8891:
8702:
6282:
1665:
1455:
2410:
9816:
9807:
9471:
9434:
9428:
9243:
9189:
9119:
8951:
8819:
8672:
8546:
8271:
8076:
7926:
7886:
7865:
7846:
7729:
7516:
6568:
4554:
4142:
3946:
2302:
1121:
The IOC provides TOP programme contributions and broadcast revenue to the OCOGs to support the staging of the Olympic Games:
5101:
5078:
2328:
On 19 March 2024, the IOC announced that, due to their suspension, Russian and Belarusian athletes would be barred from the
9225:
9149:
9137:
9077:
8969:
8921:
6928:
4176:
3413:
Analyze Summer, Winter and Youth Olympic Games programmes and form proposals for consideration by the IOC Executive Board.
10551:
5412:
2435:
Approve the IOC's internal organisation, its organisation chart and all internal regulations relating to its organisation;
1927:
to ensure participants compete only in events matching their sex. Verifying the sex of Olympic participants dates back to
1765:
and others expressed concerns regarding the human rights situation. The second principle in the Fundamental Principles of
1745:
membership, an Athlete's Commission was created and fifteen former Olympic athletes gained provisional membership status.
1606:
countries further eroded the notion of the pure amateur, as it put Western, self-financed amateurs at a disadvantage. The
749:
Extraordinary Sessions may be convened by the President or upon the written request of at least one third of the members.
9622:
9416:
9392:
9386:
9260:
9131:
8999:
8750:
8600:
8461:
4232:
2406:
1947:
were most likely to be inspected. In 1966, IOC implemented a compulsory sex verification process that took effect at the
1738:
1619:
1615:
1567:
7371:
7252:
7150:
6486:
5513:
3253:
Propose and implement a new targeted recruitment process of IOC Members as per recommendation 38 of Olympic Agenda 2020
907:
Transfer of domicile or of main center of interests to a country other than their country at the time of their election.
9610:
9404:
9380:
9374:
9344:
9089:
8879:
8276:
6115:
Burnett, Cora (2019). "South African Newspapers' Constructions of the Caster Semenya Saga through Political Cartoons".
4792:
3737:
3261:
2342:
2227:
2172:
2163:. The IOC rejected the recommendation, stating that a separate decision would be made for each athlete by the relevant
2103:
2070:, who had survived the Munich Massacre, commented: "I do not understand. I do not understand, and I do not accept it".
1912:
1400:
1173:
988:: individuals for exceptionally distinguished contributions to the Olympic Movement; superseded the Olympic Certificate
3871:
3796:
2000:
1206:
Every host city is given the option to declare "pledges" to address specific or general environmental health concerns.
894:
Resignation: any IOC member may end their membership at any time by delivering a written resignation to the President.
9974:
9969:
9869:
9704:
9440:
9101:
8963:
8909:
8813:
8666:
8606:
7205:
6980:
6595:
6256:
5038:
4988:
4527:
1849:
1648:
1380:
6431:"Decision of the IOC Executive Board concerning the participation of Russian athletes in the Olympic Games Rio 2016"
10693:
9717:
9632:
9422:
9350:
9296:
9231:
9161:
8957:
8843:
4003:
2534:
2284:
1818:. The story followed an earlier report in January by Gibson, who revealed that Papa Massata Diack, the son of then-
687:
231:
17:
7916:
4585:
4258:
9649:
9113:
9047:
8684:
8612:
3611:
The Olympic Partner (TOP) sponsorship programme includes the following commercial sponsors of the Olympic Games.
2908:
1874:
1730:
1716:
1033:
423:
To take action to strengthen the unity, independence, political neutrality, and autonomy of the Olympic Movement;
7245:"World Fencing Championships: Ukraine's Olga Kharlan disqualified for refusing Russian Anna Smirnov's handshake"
4634:
2066:, the then-IOC President, said it would be "inappropriate" to do so. Speaking of the decision, Israeli Olympian
10824:
9362:
9356:
9213:
9107:
9023:
8558:
4366:
4025:
2619:
2203:
2152:. McLaren's investigation found corroborating evidence, concluding in a report published in July 2016 that the
2031:
1793:
1560:
1360:
8094:
6205:
Parks Pieper, Lindsay (2014). "Sex Testing and the Maintenance of Western Femininity in International Sport".
4691:
4666:
4616:
4119:
3923:
Beyer S. (2006). The green Olympic Movement: Beijing 2008. Chinese Journal of International Law, 5:2, 423–440.
10681:
9986:
9797:
9195:
9053:
8993:
8867:
8756:
8618:
8594:
8564:
8066:
6401:"WADA Statement: Independent Investigation confirms Russian State manipulation of the doping control process"
2447:
Conduct the procedure for acceptance and selection of candidatures for the organisation of the Olympic Games;
1707:
the IOC asked that the entertainment expenditures not be made public Nagano destroyed its financial records.
1012:
During the first half of the 20th century the IOC ran on a small budget. As IOC president from 1952 to 1972,
793:
457:
334:
6517:"Exclusive: Pound confident Russian athletes will be found guilty of Sochi 2014 doping despite IOC inaction"
5347:
2441:
Present a report to the Session on any proposed change of the Olympic Charter, one of its Rules or bye-laws;
2411:
allegations that the World Anti-Doping Agency covered up and failed to sanction drug use by Chinese swimmers
1753:
In 2000, international human rights groups attempted to pressure the IOC to reject Beijing's bid to protest
1593:
9764:
9729:
8885:
8732:
7483:
5393:
5233:
2354:
1993:
1445:
897:
Non re-election: any IOC member ceases to be a member without further formality if they are not re-elected.
648:
6047:
Parks Pieper, Lindsay (2018). "First, they qualified for the Olympics. Then they had to prove their sex".
4202:
410:
To encourage and support the organization, development, and coordination of sport and sports competitions;
10829:
9979:
9836:
9514:
9338:
9272:
9183:
9095:
8873:
8762:
8570:
8448:
8056:
7176:
3527:
2952:
Supervise the IOC's Esports and oversee the planning and organization of upcoming Olympic Esports Games.
2900:
Improve the quality and the level of services to athletes by engaging with and uniting the stakeholders.
2851:
2362:
2243:
1961:
1375:
911:
861:
8106:
5256:
4462:
2831:
mandates. No commission can hold a meeting without permission of the President unless otherwise noted.
1757:. One Chinese dissident was sentenced to two years in prison during an IOC tour. After the city won the
624:
Since 2002, the IOC has been involved in several high-profile controversies including taking gifts, its
10708:
10588:
10582:
10577:
10572:
10567:
10539:
10532:
10526:
10521:
10516:
9669:
9627:
9326:
9237:
8540:
8237:
4061:. The PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. Archived from
3068:
2699:
2222:", a name agreed to in 1981 by the People's Republic of China in the Nagoya Protocol, which denies the
2153:
2149:
1924:
1661:
1410:
1405:
1355:
1146:
875:
564:
556:
370:
982:: institutions or associations with a record of merit and integrity in developing the Olympic Movement
429:
To encourage and support the promotion of women in sport in pursuit of equality between men and women;
9916:
9692:
9410:
9083:
8855:
8209:
8061:
7393:
4280:
3004:
Explore, create and oversee interest in future Games of the Olympiad and Summer Youth Olympic Games.
2679:
2322:
2215:
2187:
2051:
1957:
1758:
1420:
1037:
973:
881:
Individual members, whose memberships are not linked to any specific functions in said organizations.
778:
691:
480:
circumstances to promote the interests of the International Olympic Committee and Olympic Movement."
6077:
Pape, Madeleine (2019). "Expertise and Non-Binary Bodies: Sex, Gender and the Case of Dutee Chand".
5286:
5015:
4094:
2978:
Explore, create and oversee interest in future Olympic Winter Games and Winter Youth Olympic Games.
10313:
9926:
9320:
8528:
8219:
6404:
6374:
6341:
4696:
4671:
3369:
2986:
2402:
2164:
2137:
2129:
1340:
1177:
488:
8313:
7014:"The IOC says Peng Shuai is safe. Experts say the IOC has become a vehicle for Chinese propaganda"
5746:
4723:
10069:
8987:
8897:
8849:
8636:
8435:
7083:
5185:
4900:
4639:
4496:
2255:
2180:
2176:
1599:
1052:
966:
IOC awards gold, silver, and bronze medals for the top three competitors in each sporting event.
7079:"Chinese Official Accused of Sexual Assault Played Key Role in Setting Up Beijing 2022 Olympics"
4755:
10054:
9792:
9746:
9724:
9712:
9507:
9071:
8708:
6308:
2125:
1486:
1450:
1440:
1365:
1022:
504:
The main entrance of the former headquarters of the International Olympic Committee in Lausanne
7640:"Israel's Olympic status not in question says IOC president Bach amid frustration with Russia"
5324:
450:
To promote a positive legacy from the Olympic Games to the host cities, regions and countries;
10074:
8099:
7968:
6770:
6653:"IOC's OAR implementation group releases guidelines for uniforms accessories and equipment's"
3645:
3121:
Supervise the planning and organization of the XXV Olympic Winter Games Milano Cortina 2026.
3103:
3062:
Supervise the planning and organization of the Games of the XXXIV Olympiad Los Angeles 2028.
2719:
1762:
1653:
The Games were originally awarded to Denver on 12 May 1970, but a steep rise in costs led to
1543:
762:
To elect the President, the vice-presidents and all other members of the IOC Executive Board.
338:
156:
7451:"Russia accuses Olympic Committee of 'racism and neo-Nazism' over opening ceremony decision"
5386:"People's Republic of China: The Olympics countdown – failing to keep human rights promises"
3968:
swissinfo.ch, S. W. I.; Corporation, a branch of the Swiss Broadcasting (25 November 2015).
463:
To promote safe sport and the protection of athletes from all forms of harassment and abuse.
63:
10670:
10480:
10473:
10466:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10435:
10430:
10425:
10420:
10415:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10390:
10385:
10380:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10358:
10351:
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10322:
10301:
10294:
10287:
10280:
10274:
10269:
10264:
10259:
10254:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10194:
10189:
10184:
10179:
10172:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10140:
10133:
10128:
10123:
10118:
10113:
10108:
10099:
9909:
9899:
9582:
8304:
7547:
7455:
7306:"Ukrainian fencer won't shake hands with Russian at world championships, gets Olympic spot"
4915:
3761:
3235:
3129:
3098:
3039:
3010:
2804:
2397:
2374:
2346:
2329:
2289:
2199:
would be used instead, and on 20 December 2017 the IOC proposed an alternate uniform logo.
2160:
2141:
2087:
2039:
2035:
1976:
1972:
1948:
1908:
1866:
1815:
1811:
1699:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1476:
1471:
1239:
Research at the Beijing Olympic Games identified particulate matter – measured in terms of
1058:
910:
Members elected as active athletes cease to be a member upon ceasing to be a member of the
847:
737:
656:
652:
637:
579:
548:
536:
362:
358:
251:
31:
6951:"International Olympic Committee warns Taiwan against name-change that would rile Beijing"
5211:
8:
10501:
9605:
7336:
5125:
3685:
3680:
3473:
3033:
Supervise the planning and organization of the Games of the XXXV Olympiad Brisbane 2032.
2554:
2318:
2263:
1785:
1777:
Amnesty International considered PRC policies and practices as violating that principle.
1517:
1481:
1105:
674:
In September 2024, the IOC revealed its list of candidates for the presidency, featuring
629:
594:
524:
509:
366:
346:
235:
142:
4919:
2460:
Organize periodic meetings with the IFs and with the NOCs at least once every two years;
2361:
had killed Palestine's Olympic football team coach, and damaged the headquarters of the
10734:
10047:
8375:
7836:
7734:
7362:"Russia-Ukraine conflict: Fencer Olga Kharlan ban lifted as she is handed Olympic spot"
6985:
6599:
6222:
6184:
6132:
6094:
6010:
5923:
4931:
3895:"Sport and the Environment: Ways toward Achieving the Sustainable Development of Sport"
2239:
2004:
1548:
1527:
1295:
660:
7962:
7697:"Olympic officials try to crush U.S. probes of China doping, threaten Salt Lake Games"
5834:"North Korea barred from Beijing Olympics because of its decision to skip Tokyo Games"
5368:
5151:
4404:
3343:
435:
To encourage and support measures relating to the medical care and health of athletes;
271:
10642:
8385:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
7922:
7882:
7861:
7858:
International Olympic Committee and the Olympic system: the governance of world sport
7842:
7739:
7088:
6226:
6188:
6176:
6136:
6098:
6014:
5964:
5927:
5675:"The IOC Demands That Helped Push Norway Out of Winter Olympic Bidding Are Hilarious"
5643:
5599:
5560:
5521:
5482:
5443:
5129:
4984:
3421:
2934:
2599:
2223:
2121:
2055:
1940:
1703:
1100:
904:
Failure to attend sessions or take active part in IOC work for two consecutive years.
725:
699:
679:
513:
350:
160:
146:
6240:
Bruce, Kidd (2020). "The IOC must rule out sex testing at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics".
5991:"Sex, drugs and science: the IOC's and IAAF's attempts to control fairness in sport"
5409:"Video: IOC backs off DMCA take-down for Tibet protest | the Industry Standard"
4935:
4093:. The Tokyo Organizing Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Archived from
1826:, appeared to arrange for "parcels" to be delivered to six IOC members in 2008 when
10064:
10019:
9577:
8470:
8286:
8051:
7670:
7341:
6214:
6171:
6166:
6154:
6124:
6086:
6002:
5954:
5943:"Genitals to genes: the history and biology of gender verification in the Olympics"
5915:
4923:
4562:
3766:
3669:
3500:
3460:
3156:
3092:
Supervise the planning and organization of the 4th Youth Olympic Games Dakar 2026.
3044:
2960:
2574:
2514:
2099:
2023:
1980:
1832:
721:
715:
633:
239:
227:
200:
186:
111 active members, 38 honorary members, 206 individual National Olympic Committees
98:
6128:
6006:
5514:"Tokyo Olympics: €1.3m payment to secret account raises questions over 2020 Games"
3942:
2639:
2262:. The IOC's response was internationally criticised as complicit in assisting the
994:: individuals who promote education, culture, development, and peace through sport
10722:
9891:
9846:
9802:
9734:
9654:
9572:
8690:
8678:
8534:
8071:
8036:
8020:
7912:
7231:
7212:
6859:"Russia reinstated by WADA, ending nearly 3-year suspension after doping scandal"
6218:
5108:
5085:
5010:
4620:
3337:
3074:
3015:
2759:
2358:
2133:
2059:
1870:
1770:
1435:
1370:
1248:
759:
To elect the members of the IOC, the Honorary President and the honorary members.
683:
641:
598:
540:
528:
476:
196:
112:
53:
6920:
3313:
10037:
9931:
9886:
9881:
9542:
9266:
9207:
8915:
8522:
8370:
8214:
5629:
3594:
3447:
3300:
3248:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2219:
2196:
2107:
2083:
2008:
1928:
1671:
1512:
1430:
1256:
1210:
1196:
The IOC has four major approaches to addressing environmental health concerns.
1029:
to lead the initiative as Chairman of the "New Sources of Finance Commission".
1013:
991:
818:
614:
453:
To encourage and support initiatives blending sport with culture and education;
282:
7424:"IOC Executive Board suspends Russian Olympic Committee with immediate effect"
6494:
4927:
4143:"Lord Coe confirms bid to be next IOC president as seven candidates confirmed"
2396:
In July 2024, the IOC threatened to withdraw Salt Lake City's bid to host the
1900:, after they boycotted the 2020 Summer Olympics claiming "COVID-19 Concerns".
842:
609:
The IOC received approval in November 2015 to construct a new headquarters in
460:("IOA") and other institutions which dedicate themselves to Olympic education;
401:
To encourage and support the promotion of ethics and good governance in sport;
10788:
10770:
10757:
10746:
10042:
10027:
9936:
9854:
9597:
9530:
8945:
8744:
8648:
8380:
8360:
8345:
8199:
8000:
7743:
7730:"Salt Lake Awarded 2034 Olympics Under I.O.C. Pressure Over Doping Inquiries"
7671:"China's anti-doping agency criticizes media over contamination case reports"
7394:"Ukraine's Kharlan assured of Paris 2024 place by IOC after handshake furore"
7361:
7244:
7092:
7018:
6684:"Winter Olympics: Twenty-eight Russians have lifetime doping bans overturned"
6090:
5919:
5647:
5603:
5564:
5525:
5486:
5447:
5234:"Mainichi Daily News ends its partnership with MSN, takes on new Web address"
3649:
3630:
3554:
2366:
2140:(FSB) agents. After a Russian former lab director made allegations about the
2063:
1893:
1889:
1660:
Denver officially withdrew on 15 November: the IOC then offered the Games to
1522:
1502:
1395:
1332:
1287:
in the atmosphere to induce rain to remove existing pollutants from the air.
1284:
985:
695:
675:
603:
587:
520:
414:
342:
5436:"French police widen corruption investigation to 2016 and 2020 Olympic bids"
4901:"Soil Heavy Metals Patterns in the Torino Olympic Winter Games Venue (E.U.)"
4786:"The 2016 Olympic Games: Health, Security, Environmental, and Doping Issues"
4785:
2429:
Assume the general overall responsibility for the administration of the IOC;
1000:
status: towns that have been particularly important for the Olympic Movement
500:
10630:
9874:
9864:
9754:
9659:
9302:
8422:
7769:
7050:
6180:
5968:
5475:"Disgraced athletics chief's son 'arranged parcels' for senior IOC members"
4369:(Press release). Lausanne: International Olympic Committee. 4 August 2016.
3867:
3788:
3209:
2882:
2659:
2390:
2370:
2280:
2191:
2067:
2012:
1984:
1951:
where a lottery system was used to determine who would be inspected with a
1932:
1823:
1806:
1607:
1603:
1304:
1268:
1240:
997:
694:
and the presidents of the international skiing and gymnastics federations,
7578:"More than 300 Palestinian sports clubs call for Israel Olympic Games ban"
5959:
5942:
5045:
4558:
2274:
In July 2020 (and reconfirmed in September 2020 and in January 2021), the
2250:, following her publishing of sexual assault allegations against a former
1967:
Although sex testing was no longer mandated, women who did not present as
1861:
Human rights groups and governments criticised the committee for allowing
72:
10611:
10059:
10032:
9921:
9290:
9038:
8642:
8630:
8365:
8204:
6569:"The IPC suspends the Russian Paralympic Committee with immediate effect"
3640:
3581:
3382:
3356:
3287:
3195:
3182:
2712:
2632:
2489:
2378:
2259:
2058:
to honour the 11 Israeli Olympians who were killed 40 years prior in the
2027:
2016:
1944:
1726:
1722:
1507:
1228:
1083:
979:
743:
583:
382:
215:
5553:"French financial prosecutors confirm investigation into Tokyo 2020 bid"
4088:"Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games High-level Sustainability Plan"
3999:
1796:(EFF) pushed back against the IOC, which then withdrew their complaint.
1780:
Some days before the Opening Ceremonies, in August 2008, the IOC issued
871:(IFs), associations of IFs or other organisations recognised by the IOC;
407:
To ensure that the spirit of fair play prevails and violence is avoided;
7790:
7612:
7488:
6155:"The Caster Semenya ordeal – prejudice, discrimination and racial bias"
5592:"Tokyo 2020 Olympic bid leader refuses to reveal Black Tidings details"
4337:"IOC President awards the Olympic Order to PyeongChang 2018 organisers"
4254:
3395:
2856:
2779:
2739:
2350:
2247:
2218:
over a change in the naming of their National Olympic Committee, from "
2120:
Media attention began growing in December 2014 when German broadcaster
1968:
1837:
1109:
1026:
357:, Switzerland. The IOC is the authority responsible for organizing the
7610:[IOC warns against boycotts and discrimination during Games].
5079:
Story #17–Protesting amateur rules, Canada leaves international hockey
4255:"Who We Are – ARISF (Association of IOC Recognized Sports Federation)"
3470:
IOC Commission for Public Affairs and Social Development Through Sport
1048:
The Olympic Movement generates revenue through five major programmes.
7484:"Will the IOC Do Anything About the Killing of Palestinian Athletes?"
7366:
5770:"IOC is no 'super world government' to solve China issues, says Bach"
3695:
3675:
3513:
3274:
3222:
3169:
2587:
2079:
1952:
1683:
1598:
De Coubertin was influenced by the aristocratic ethos exemplified by
560:
552:
7811:
6741:"Wada: Clearing Russian athletes may cause 'dismay and frustration'"
1104:
reported on how the IOC redistributes profits from sponsorships and
9859:
9549:
8343:
8015:
7077:
Zhai, Keith; Bachman, Rachel; Robinson, Joshua (24 November 2021).
6629:(Press release). International Olympic Committee. 5 December 2017.
4613:
3665:
3655:
3615:
3486:
3142:
3087:
3028:
2772:
2453:
Upon proposal from the President, it appoints the Director General;
1989:
1882:
1766:
1654:
1627:
1623:
1415:
809:
Olympic Foundation for Culture and Heritage (Lausanne, Switzerland)
544:
493:
394:
354:
173:
78:
6371:"McLaren Independent Investigations Report into Sochi Allegations"
4311:"Olympic Order awarded to WHO Director-General Tedros Ghebreyesus"
2179:, having found evidence that the DPM was also in operation at the
784:
IOC Television and Marketing Services S.A. (Lausanne, Switzerland)
438:
To oppose any political or commercial abuse of sport and athletes;
7728:
Longman, Jeré; Panja, Tariq; Schmidt, Michael S. (24 July 2024).
7548:"IOC defends the participation of Israeli athletes in Paris 2024"
5774:
3625:
3567:
3408:
3174:
Supervise all matters relating to marketing and digital programs
2999:
2973:
2921:
2895:
2869:
2817:
2752:
2567:
2502:
1878:
1862:
1789:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1160:
The IOC is the largest single revenue source for the majority of
1074:
9499:
5705:"IOC demands smiles, ridiculous perks ahead of 2022 Olympic bid"
4026:"Olympic House to officially open on Olympic Day – Olympic News"
2226:'s legitimacy, to simply "Taiwan", after the main island in the
6798:"Tensions rise over reinstatement of Russia at Winter Olympics"
4424:
4422:
4206:
3690:
3620:
3540:
3326:
3116:
2983:
IOC Future Host Summer Commission For The Games Of The Olympiad
2947:
2732:
2692:
2652:
1244:
797:
532:
161:
association organised under the laws of the Swiss Confederation
7998:
7855:
7046:"Peng Shuai: IOC accused of 'publicity stunt' over video call"
6829:"Russia's Olympic membership restored by IOC after doping ban"
3714:
Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations
3708:
Association of International Olympic Winter Sports Federations
2124:
reported on state-sponsored doping in Russia, comparing it to
1971:
continued to be inspected based on suspicion. This started at
1898:
Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
1116:
955:
Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations
948:
Association of International Olympic Winter Sports Federations
7608:"IOC waarschuwt voor boycots en discriminatie tijdens Spelen"
4983:. Ontario: The Centre for Olympic Studies. pp. 120–123.
4445:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4437:
3660:
3057:
2792:
2672:
2547:
2527:
2369:, who received a ten-year ban following his refusal to fight
2145:
1827:
668:
664:
618:
527:(YOG), held in summer and winter every four years. The first
307:
7337:"Ukrainian fencer gets automatically qualified for Olympics"
6487:"Rio 2016: 270 Russians cleared to compete at Olympic Games"
4700:. Passaic County, New Jersey. 25 February 2002. p. A6.
4675:. Passaic County, New Jersey. 25 February 2002. p. A1.
4419:
3756:
FICTS (Fédération Internationale Cinéma Télévision Sportifs)
2422:
President or at the request of the majority of its members.
976:: athletes who demonstrate a special spirit of sportsmanship
582:
executed over 160 projects addressing the goals of improved
8861:
8588:
8552:
7956:
6921:"WIOC threatens to disbar Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee"
6890:"Why The ROC Should Compete as Taiwan in the 2020 Olympics"
5989:
Krieger, Jörg; Parks Pieper, Lindsay; Ritchie, Ian (2019).
5864:"IOC's Coates rules out pressuring China over human rights"
5635:"Japan's Olympics Chief Faces Corruption Charges in France"
4166:
Source: Olympic Charter, in force as from 1 September 2004.
3635:
3434:
3305:
Supervise all Olympic Television and Marketing operations.
2612:
1885:, documenting what many governments described as genocide.
1855:
1781:
1276:
1213:
to work towards addressing environmental health objectives.
1155:
625:
610:
571:
receives a proportionally greater income in Olympic years.
262:
6309:"Wrestling reinstated for Tokyo 2020 | Olympics News"
5988:
5044:. Comité International Pierre De Coubertin. Archived from
4434:
2175:
voted unanimously to ban the entire Russian team from the
1854:
In 2014, at the final stages of the bid process for 2022,
790:
Olympic Broadcasting Services S.A. (Lausanne, Switzerland)
690:
among the seven contenders. The other candidates included
640:
despite China's human rights violations documented in the
444:
To encourage and support the development of sport for all;
7905:
Inside the Olympic Industry: Power, Politics and Activism
7701:
5803:"North Korea suspended from 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics"
5208:"The Games that got away – 2002 Winter Olympics coverage"
2275:
1252:
5102:
Story #40–Finally, Canada to host the World Championship
3284:
IOC Television And Marketing Services Board Of Directors
2438:
Manage the IOC's finances and prepares an annual report;
2148:, WADA commissioned an independent investigation led by
2116:
Olympic Athletes from Russia at the 2018 Winter Olympics
824:
International Programmes for Arts, Culture and Education
10805:
International sports organisations based in Switzerland
6457:"IOC sets up 3-person panel to rule on Russian entries"
4860:"How Beijing used rockets to keep opening ceremony dry"
3967:
3720:
Association of Summer Olympic International Federations
2957:
IOC Future Host Commission For The Olympic Winter Games
2466:
Perform all other duties assigned to it by the Session.
941:
Association of Summer Olympic International Federations
926:
397:
throughout the world and to lead the Olympic Movement:
9477:
Global Association of International Sports Federations
3750:
Global Association of International Sports Federations
2045:
1061:, organised through the IOC's worldwide TOP programme.
838:
List of members of the International Olympic Committee
10706:
5738:"IOC hits out as Norway withdraws Winter Olympic bid"
3726:
International Academy of Sport Science and Technology
2336:
2214:
On 24 November 2018, the Taiwanese government held a
878:(NOCs), or world or continental associations of NOCs;
803:
Olympic Channel Services S.A. (Lausanne, Switzerland)
787:
The Olympic Partner Programme (Lausanne, Switzerland)
369:
Olympics. The IOC also is the governing body of the
8500:
8401:
Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa
7856:
Chappelet, Jean-Loup; Brenda Kübler-Mabbott (2008).
6543:"Doping pressure mounts on IOC at German parliament"
5362:"Olympic Charter, in force as from 1 September 2004"
5323:. Deseret News Archives. 19 May 2001. Archived from
3970:"Lausanne gives green light to new IOC headquarters"
1999:
The most notable cases of bans testing results are:
1840:
charges in France over his role in the bid process.
7881:. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
7727:
7076:
3578:
IOC Revenues And Commercial Partnerships Commission
3551:
Gender Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Commission
1594:
Olympic Games § Amateurism and professionalism
1321:substantially improving air quality at the venues.
890:Membership ends under the following circumstances:
7120:"Handshaking Rule Suspended at USA Fencing Events"
6981:"Olympics: Don't Promote Chinese State Propaganda"
6714:"ICAS's Coates responds to Bach over IOC concerns"
6594:Ruiz, Rebecca C.; Panja, Tariq (5 December 2017).
5745:
5633:
5257:"Nagano Burned Documents Tracing '98 Olympics Bid"
3497:IOC Technology And Technical Innovation Commission
2269:
2238:In November 2021, the IOC was again criticised by
5367:. International Olympic Committee. Archived from
5255:Jordan, Mary; Sullivan, Kevin (21 January 1999),
4899:Scalenghe, Riccardo; Fasciani, Gabriella (2008).
4898:
4791:. Congressional Research Service. 8 August 2016.
4633:Abrahamson, Alan; Wharton, David (30 July 2000).
4632:
4367:"Kip Keino to receive Olympic Laurel distinction"
1918:
1903:On 8 September 2021, after the IOC suspended the
1587:
10786:
7911:
6716:. USA Today. Associated Press. 4 February 2018.
5182:"Colorado only state ever to turn down Olympics"
5097:
5074:
5003:
4403:. LA84 Foundation of Los Angeles. Archived from
3817:Roger Bartlett, Chris Gratton, Christer G. Rolf
3606:
1888:Many government officials, notably those in the
1869:. Some weeks before the Opening Ceremonies, the
1799:
712:President of the International Olympic Committee
404:To support the education of youth through sport;
203:, and the host country's language when necessary
7328:
5406:IOC backs off DMCA take-down for Tibet protest
5340:"Beijing opens itself up to Olympic inspectors"
5317:"Samaranch reflects on bid scandal with regret"
4120:"Seven candidates announced for IOC presidency"
2186:On 5 December 2017, the IOC announced that the
1983:Regulation, which aimed to standardise natural
456:To encourage and support the activities of the
8549:(baseball, softball and Baseball5) (associate)
8282:International Committee of Sports for the Deaf
7834:
7517:"The case for sports sanctions against Israel"
7334:
6596:"Russia Banned From Winter Olympics by I.O.C."
6254:
5254:
5184:. Denver.rockymountainnews.com. Archived from
4815:
4813:
4609:
4607:
4586:"Payne – London 2012 to tap fountain of youth"
4428:
4281:"These Olympic Runners Just Won a Major Honor"
3732:International Committee of Sports for the Deaf
2463:Create and allocate IOC honorary distinctions;
2432:Monitor the observance of the Olympic Charter;
2295:
2242:(HRW) and others for its response to the 2021
1755:human rights in the People's Republic of China
1140:
9515:
8486:
8329:
7984:
7838:Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement
6207:International Journal of the History of Sport
5672:
1964:'s opposition ended of the practice in 1999.
1568:
806:Olympic Channel Services S.L. (Madrid, Spain)
752:Among others, the powers of the Session are:
472:All IOC members must swear to the following:
90:
7662:
6204:
6046:
5628:
4974:
4972:
4970:
3819:Encyclopedia of International Sports Studies
2209:
765:To elect the host city of the Olympic Games.
104:
45:
7874:
6423:
6152:
4810:
4604:
4449:
3126:IOC Culture and Olympic Heritage Commission
2233:
1678:final candidate (who eventually hosted the
1324:
1117:Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games
1066:Organising Committees for the Olympic Games
10635:
9522:
9508:
8493:
8479:
8350:Association of National Olympic Committees
8336:
8322:
7991:
7977:
7961:
6738:
5434:Gibson, Exclusive by Owen (1 March 2016).
5144:
4389:
3783:
3781:
3744:International University Sports Federation
2450:Establish the agenda for the IOC Sessions;
2112:Independent Olympians at the Olympic Games
1721:A scandal broke on 10 December 1998, when
1575:
1561:
1209:Every host city must collaborate with the
885:
827:Olympic Solidarity (Lausanne, Switzerland)
775:Olympic Foundation (Lausanne, Switzerland)
270:
62:
30:"IOC" redirects here. For other uses, see
10815:United Nations General Assembly observers
7546:Salguero, David Rubio (6 November 2023).
7273:
6593:
6257:"The Munich massacre: A survivor's story"
6248:
6170:
5958:
5825:
5512:Gibson, Exclusive by Owen (11 May 2016).
5284:
4967:
2086:for the Summer Olympic programme for the
1664:, Canada, but they too declined due to a
1279:) are also released during construction.
1183:
413:To ensure the regular celebration of the
10810:Sports organizations established in 1894
7545:
7177:"Handshaking Rule Temporarily Suspended"
7117:
7011:
6335:"Update on the status of Russia testing"
6229:– via Taylor & Francis Online.
6139:– via Taylor & Francis Online.
6029:– via Taylor & Francis Online.
5338:Bodeen, Christopher (25 February 2001).
5070:
5068:
5066:
4981:Critical Reflections on Olympic Ideology
4583:
3892:
3524:IOC Sustainability and Legacy Commission
1156:International Olympic Sports Federations
841:
499:
487:
10625:
10623:
10621:
10619:
10500:
7918:IIHF Top 100 Hockey Stories of All-Time
7902:
7298:
7267:
7237:
7148:
6114:
4635:"IOC: A tangled web of wealth, mystery"
4463:"IOC Marketing Supremo: Smile, Beijing"
4455:
4140:
3778:
2034:, the IOC suspended the policy for the
1843:
1748:
1710:
1693:
1642:
856:Categories of the IOC members include:
14:
10787:
7668:
6918:
6839:from the original on 22 September 2018
6826:
6795:
6681:
6549:from the original on 17 September 2017
6523:from the original on 17 September 2017
6315:from the original on 19 September 2014
5940:
5905:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5889:
5831:
5732:
5730:
5589:
5550:
5511:
5472:
5433:
5337:
4978:
4857:
4756:"Sustainability And Legacy Commission"
2416:
1877:by the Chinese government against the
1167:
756:To adopt or amend the Olympic Charter.
310:: Faster, Higher, Stronger – Together)
10820:International sports governing bodies
10499:
10091:
9503:
9472:International World Games Association
8474:
8317:
8272:International World Games Association
8005:International Olympic Committee (IOC)
7972:
7620:from the original on 17 February 2024
7588:from the original on 25 February 2024
7558:from the original on 20 February 2024
7514:
7496:from the original on 27 February 2024
7481:
7430:from the original on 20 December 2023
7187:from the original on 29 November 2023
7099:from the original on 25 November 2021
7058:from the original on 24 November 2021
7026:from the original on 24 November 2021
6808:from the original on 12 February 2019
6694:from the original on 12 February 2019
6607:from the original on 17 December 2017
6437:from the original on 30 December 2017
6239:
6200:
6198:
6148:
6146:
6110:
6108:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6062:
6060:
6058:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6036:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5978:
5844:from the original on 9 September 2021
5813:from the original on 9 September 2021
5800:
5673:Mathis-Lilley, Ben (2 October 2014).
5632:; Tabuchi, Hiroko (11 January 2019).
5571:from the original on 12 February 2019
5532:from the original on 12 February 2019
5493:from the original on 12 February 2019
5454:from the original on 12 February 2019
5285:Macintyre, Donald (1 February 1999).
5162:from the original on 23 February 2002
5063:
4489:"How the IOC took on Nike in Atlanta"
4469:from the original on 19 February 2011
4036:from the original on 12 February 2019
3980:from the original on 12 February 2019
3949:from the original on 16 November 2018
3848:from the original on 19 November 2021
3310:IOC Medical and Scientific Commission
3153:IOC Digital and Technology Commission
2303:National Olympic Committee of Ukraine
1686:, the city that had hosted the Games
1217:
1064:Domestic sponsorship, managed by the
10689:
10616:
10604:
9623:Medal table leaders by Olympic Games
7835:Buchanon, Ian; Mallon, Bill (2006).
7694:
7527:from the original on 20 January 2024
7448:
7215:FIE, 1 July 2020 and September 2020.
7157:from the original on 18 January 2024
7130:from the original on 23 January 2024
7012:Bushnell, Henry (22 November 2021).
6993:from the original on 9 December 2021
6777:from the original on 1 February 2018
6575:from the original on 7 December 2017
6411:from the original on 3 December 2017
6381:from the original on 6 December 2017
6289:from the original on 2 December 2013
6076:
5947:Canadian Bulletin of Medical History
5874:from the original on 13 October 2021
5782:from the original on 10 October 2021
4870:from the original on 8 December 2023
4584:Campbell, Struan (22 October 2008).
4291:from the original on 7 February 2019
4141:Gardner, Jamie (16 September 2024).
3905:from the original on 27 October 2016
3799:from the original on 16 January 2023
3758:(Organisation recognised by the IOC)
2384:
1637:
1007:
1003:Coaches’ Lifetime Achievement Awards
927:Sports federations recognized by IOC
301:Citius, Altius, Fortius – Communiter
8462:Oceania National Olympic Committees
7255:from the original on 16 August 2023
7151:"Oceania U20s and Handshaking Rule"
6919:Deaeth, Duncan (20 November 2018).
6887:
6869:from the original on 3 October 2018
6827:Kelner, Martha (28 February 2018).
6751:from the original on 3 October 2018
6720:from the original on 3 October 2018
6619:
6519:. insidethegames.biz. 5 June 2017.
6479:
6449:
6283:"Wrestling dropped from 2020 Games"
6255:James Montague (5 September 2012).
5886:
5727:
5654:from the original on 3 January 2022
5392:. 21 September 2006. Archived from
5036:
4858:Coonan, Clifford (11 August 2008).
4736:from the original on 16 August 2011
4704:from the original on 15 August 2023
4643:. St. Louis, Missouri. p. 24.
4592:from the original on 7 January 2011
4373:from the original on 25 August 2018
4261:from the original on 11 August 2016
4183:from the original on 22 August 2012
3841:. International Olympic Committee.
2409:'s criminal investigation into the
2407:United States Department of Justice
2078:In February 2013, the IOC excluded
2046:London 2012 and the Munich massacre
1739:United States Department of Justice
1616:Canadian Amateur Hockey Association
1311:
1234:
1131:Salt Lake 2002 Organizing Committee
24:
10800:1894 establishments in Switzerland
8822:(baseball, softball and Baseball5)
8277:International Paralympic Committee
7935:from the original on 21 March 2009
7828:
7463:from the original on 20 March 2024
6961:from the original on 13 April 2020
6931:from the original on 5 August 2021
6900:from the original on 13 April 2020
6773:. Olympic Games. 1 February 2018.
6663:from the original on 23 March 2018
6633:from the original on 24 April 2020
6233:
6195:
6143:
6105:
6055:
6033:
5975:
5832:Armour, Nancy (8 September 2021).
4945:from the original on 26 July 2018.
4798:from the original on 7 August 2016
4561:. 14 February 2005. Archived from
4347:from the original on 12 March 2021
3874:from the original on 5 August 2016
3738:International Paralympic Committee
2879:IOC Athletes' Entourage Commission
2825:
2337:Israel at the 2024 Summer Olympics
2132:(WADA) published a report and the
2104:Russia at the 2016 Summer Olympics
1290:
1174:International Paralympic Committee
794:Olympic Broadcasting Services S.L.
559:, and the first Winter YOG was in
467:
286:
25:
10846:
10092:
10070:1906 Intercalated Games
9529:
7948:
7921:. H. B. Fenn & Company, Ltd.
7903:Lenskyj, Helen Jefferson (2000).
7750:from the original on 25 July 2024
7709:from the original on 25 July 2024
7650:from the original on 6 March 2024
7404:from the original on 28 July 2023
7374:from the original on 28 July 2023
7349:from the original on 28 July 2023
7316:from the original on 29 July 2023
7286:from the original on 28 July 2023
7149:Hopkins, Amanda (12 March 2020).
7118:Jomantas, Nicole (6 March 2020).
6796:Lowell, Hugo (23 February 2018).
6285:. Espn.go.com. 14 February 2013.
6263:from the original on 21 June 2018
6117:South African Review of Sociology
6021:from the original on 27 July 2024
5801:Saric, Ivana (8 September 2021).
5297:from the original on 26 June 2022
5267:from the original on 25 June 2022
5210:. Deseretnews.com. Archived from
5004:Benjamin, Daniel (27 July 1992).
4766:from the original on 24 June 2021
4679:from the original on 27 July 2024
4647:from the original on 27 July 2024
4623:– IOC. Retrieved on 7 August 2021
4503:from the original on 10 June 2016
4006:from the original on 6 March 2019
3418:IOC Olympic Solidarity Commission
2254:, and high-ranking member of the
2093:
1850:Bids for the 2022 Winter Olympics
1649:Bids for the 1976 Winter Olympics
1222:
1191:
1077:programmes within host countries.
1055:partnerships, managed by the IOC.
860:Athlete representatives from the
393:Its stated mission is to promote
10740:
10728:
10716:
10688:
10677:
10676:
10664:
10550:
10312:
9953:Art competitions at the Olympics
9770:lighters of the Olympic cauldron
9588:International sports federations
8771:(skiing and snowboarding sports)
8502:International sports federations
8407:
8344:
8298:
8250:International sports federations
7999:
7804:
7783:
7762:
7721:
7688:
7632:
7600:
7570:
7539:
7515:Zidan, Karim (18 January 2024).
7508:
7475:
7442:
7416:
7386:
7218:
7199:
7169:
7142:
7111:
7070:
7038:
7005:
6973:
6943:
6912:
6881:
6851:
6820:
6789:
6763:
6732:
6706:
6682:Lowell, Hugo (1 February 2018).
6675:
6645:
6311:. ESPN.co.uk. 8 September 2013.
6191:– via SciELO South Africa.
5744:. 2 October 2014. Archived from
5715:from the original on 28 May 2022
5685:from the original on 20 May 2022
5610:from the original on 4 June 2016
5473:Gibson, Owen (11 January 2016).
4555:"Boost for London's Olympic Bid"
3587:
3560:
3533:
3506:
3479:
3453:
3427:
3401:
3392:IOC Olympic Programme Commission
3375:
3366:IOC Olympic Education Commission
3349:
3319:
3293:
3267:
3241:
3215:
3188:
3162:
3135:
3109:
3080:
3050:
3021:
2992:
2966:
2940:
2914:
2888:
2862:
2810:
2785:
2765:
2745:
2725:
2705:
2685:
2665:
2645:
2625:
2605:
2580:
2560:
2540:
2520:
2495:
2054:, the IOC decided not to hold a
1804:On 1 March 2016, Owen Gibson of
1339:
933:international sports federations
869:international sports federations
688:Juan Antonio Samaranch Salisachs
232:Juan Antonio Samaranch Salisachs
71:
27:Governing body of Olympic sports
10835:Organisations based in Lausanne
10795:International Olympic Committee
9467:International Olympic Committee
7841:. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
7812:"The Olympic Partner Programme"
7482:Zirin, Dave (10 January 2024).
7335:Yevhen Kizilov (28 July 2023).
6771:"IOC Statement on CAS decision"
6587:
6561:
6535:
6509:
6393:
6363:
6327:
6301:
6275:
5934:
5856:
5794:
5762:
5697:
5666:
5622:
5583:
5544:
5505:
5466:
5427:
5400:
5378:
5354:
5331:
5309:
5278:
5248:
5226:
5200:
5174:
5114:
5091:
5030:
4997:
4958:
4949:
4908:Soil and Sediment Contamination
4892:
4882:
4851:
4842:
4833:
4823:
4778:
4760:International Olympic Committee
4748:
4716:
4659:
4626:
4577:
4547:
4515:
4481:
4465:. china.org.cn. 6 August 2008.
4359:
4341:International Olympic Committee
4329:
4315:International Olympic Committee
4303:
4273:
4247:
4221:
4195:
4169:
4160:
4134:
4112:
4080:
4048:
4030:International Olympic Committee
4018:
3992:
3793:International Olympic Committee
3232:IOC Members Election Commission
2909:Pierre-Olivier Beckers-Vieujant
2270:Fencing handshaking controversy
1975:and remained in use until the
1731:United States Olympic Committee
1717:2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal
1614:Near the end of the 1960s, the
1034:International Sport and Leisure
769:
720:It is an association under the
705:
319:International Olympic Committee
40:International Olympic Committee
9760:People who opened the Olympics
6739:Aspin, Guy (2 February 2018).
6463:. 30 July 2016. Archived from
6172:10.7196/SAMJ.2019.v109i8.14152
3961:
3935:
3926:
3917:
3886:
3860:
3824:
3811:
2425:Its responsibilities include:
2204:Court of Arbitration for Sport
2032:Court of Arbitration for Sport
1919:Sex verification controversies
1794:Electronic Frontier Foundation
1588:Amateurism and professionalism
831:
731:
551:. The first Summer YOG was in
327:Comité international olympique
47:Comité international olympique
13:
1:
10641:Postponed to 2021 due to the
9798:Olympic Broadcasting Services
9341:(Gaelic football and hurling)
8067:Olympic Broadcasting Services
7616:(in Dutch). 1 November 2023.
7449:York, Chris (20 March 2024).
6159:South African Medical Journal
6129:10.1080/21528586.2019.1699440
6007:10.1080/17430437.2018.1435004
5321:2002 Winter Olympics coverage
4493:Sports Business Journal Daily
4397:"Issues of the Olympic Games"
4231:. olympic.org. Archived from
3772:
3607:The Olympic Partner programme
3130:Khunying Patama Leeswadtrakul
1907:for not being present at the
1800:2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics
519:The IOC organises the modern
458:International Olympic Academy
7695:Mann, Brian (24 July 2024).
6888:Bai, Ari (3 December 2018).
6219:10.1080/09523367.2014.927184
6153:Mahomed, S; Dhai, A (2019).
5590:Gibson, Owen (17 May 2016).
5551:Gibson, Owen (12 May 2016).
5098:Podnieks & Szemberg 2008
5075:Podnieks & Szemberg 2008
5006:"Traditions Pro Vs. Amateur"
4667:"Sun sets on Salt Lake City"
3258:IOC Legal Affairs Commission
3097:IOC Coordination Commission
3067:IOC Coordination Commission
3038:IOC Coordination Commission
3009:IOC Coordination Commission
2171:In contrast to the IOC, the
2168:non-doping related matter).
2073:
1979:. By 2011 the IOC created a
649:environmental sustainability
638:Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics
492:Current IOC headquarters in
373:(NOCs) and of the worldwide
7:
10347:1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
9777:Keepers of the Olympic flag
9269:(Australian rules football)
8725:Winter Olympics Federations
8515:Summer Olympics Federations
8449:European Olympic Committees
7915:; Szemberg, Szymon (2008).
6344:. June 2016. Archived from
5122:"Summit Series '72 Summary"
4692:"Games (Continued From A1)"
4523:"London Bid 'Has Improved'"
4205:. asoif.com. Archived from
4177:"International federations"
3701:
3528:Albert II, Prince of Monaco
3444:IOC Olympism 365 Commission
2363:Palestine Olympic Committee
2296:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2285:World Fencing Championships
1873:were released, documenting
1141:National Olympic Committees
876:National Olympic Committees
371:National Olympic Committees
10:
10851:
9965:Scandals and controversies
8238:National Olympic Committee
7878:Global entertainment media
7875:Cooper-Chen, Anne (2005).
7274:Aadi Nair (27 July 2023).
6101:– via SAGE journals.
5930:– via SAGE Journals.
4429:Buchanon & Mallon 2006
3370:Mikaela Cojuangco Jaworski
2700:Mikaela Cojuangco Jaworski
2593:
2097:
2001:Maria José Martínez-Patiño
1962:IOC's Athletes' Commission
1847:
1714:
1702:, a report ordered by the
1662:Whistler, British Columbia
1646:
1591:
1426:Scandals and controversies
1147:National Olympic Committee
1144:
1043:
961:
835:
735:
709:
483:
388:
29:
10658:
10599:
10559:
10548:
10508:
10495:
10321:
10310:
10098:
10087:
10012:
9945:
9917:Pierre de Coubertin Medal
9845:
9785:
9745:
9703:
9668:
9596:
9563:
9559:
9537:
9484:IOC recognition withdrawn
9462:
9401:(radio-controlled racing)
9253:
9171:
9033:
8778:
8718:
8573:(dance sport) (associate)
8508:
8455:
8442:
8429:
8416:
8405:
8394:
8356:
8295:
8228:
8210:Pierre de Coubertin Medal
8192:
8087:
8062:Olympic Refuge Foundation
8029:
8011:
6545:. dw.com. 27 April 2017.
5971:– via GALE ONEFILE.
5941:Rupert, James L. (2011).
4928:10.1080/15320380802006905
3943:"Cooperation with the UN"
3821:. Routledge, 2012, p. 678
3492:the international stage.
2846:Mission/Responsibilities
2508:
2323:Russian Olympic Committee
2210:2018 plebiscite in Taiwan
2188:Russian Olympic Committee
2052:2012 Summer Olympic Games
1759:2008 Summer Olympic Games
1421:Pierre de Coubertin Medal
974:Pierre de Coubertin Medal
779:Olympic Refuge Foundation
692:Prince Faisal bin Hussein
636:, and its support of the
628:take down request of the
278:
257:
245:
221:
207:
190:
180:
167:
152:
138:
120:
91:
86:
70:
61:
44:
10481:2034 Salt Lake City–Utah
9927:Olympic Diploma of Merit
9020:(waterski and wakeboard)
8741:(bobsleigh and skeleton)
8305:Olympic Games portal
8220:Olympic Diploma of Merit
8057:IOC Athletes' Commission
6091:10.1177/1357034X19865940
5920:10.1177/0141778919849688
5236:. Mdn.mainichi-msn.co.jp
2987:Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic
2852:IOC Athletes' Commission
2680:Prince Feisal Al Hussein
2403:World Anti-Doping Agency
2283:was disqualified at the
2234:Peng Shuai disappearance
2202:On 1 February 2018, the
2138:Federal Security Service
2130:World Anti-Doping Agency
2128:. In November 2015, the
2050:Before the start of the
1325:Reception and incidences
1178:World Anti-Doping Agency
1032:In 1982 the IOC drafted
912:IOC Athletes' Commission
862:IOC Athletes' Commission
661:PyeongChang, South Korea
647:Detailed frameworks for
333:) is the international,
9489:Seeking IOC recognition
9246:(table football/soccer)
8436:Olympic Council of Asia
7860:. New York: Routledge.
7669:Xinhua (31 July 2024).
7153:. Fencing New Zealand.
7084:The Wall Street Journal
6571:. ESPN. 15 March 2017.
5107:10 October 2017 at the
5084:10 October 2017 at the
4640:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
4497:Sports Business Journal
2355:occupation of Palestine
2325:with immediate effect.
2256:Chinese Communist Party
2181:2014 Winter Paralympics
2177:2016 Summer Paralympics
1994:transgender competitors
1786:Tibetan Protests videos
1098:In July 2000, when the
886:Cessation of membership
821:(Lausanne, Switzerland)
812:IOC Heritage Management
781:(Lausanne, Switzerland)
634:Russian doping scandals
512:, on 23 June 1894 with
508:The IOC was created by
126:; 130 years ago
10376:1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
10360:1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo
10055:Olympic Esports Series
10004:Participation of women
4979:Eassom, Simon (1994).
3206:IOC Finance Commission
2931:IOC Esports Commission
2535:Juan Antonio Samaranch
2126:doping in East Germany
1698:Eight years after the
1668:following elections.
1600:English public schools
1184:Environmental concerns
1059:Commercial sponsorship
1023:Juan Antonio Samaranch
953:The 42 members of the
939:The 33 members of the
850:
846:The first IOC, at the
815:Olympic Studies Centre
651:were prepared for the
505:
497:
326:
294:
199:(reference language),
105:
46:
10825:Olympic organizations
10075:Ancient Olympic Games
9905:summer (2000-present)
9645:Incentives by country
9311:(Brazilian jiu-jitsu)
9177:observer members (11)
8785:Others recognised by
7770:"IOC Executive Board"
7230:5 August 2023 at the
7211:5 August 2023 at the
6433:. IOC. 24 July 2016.
5960:10.3138/cbmh.28.2.339
5390:Amnesty International
5287:"Japan's Sullied Bid"
4619:8 August 2021 at the
4588:. Sportbusiness.com.
3893:Jagemann, H. (2003).
3672:, its parent company)
3179:IOC Ethics Commission
3104:Kristin Kloster Aasen
2720:Kristin Kloster Aasen
1784:take down notices on
1763:Amnesty International
1145:Further information:
946:The 7 members of the
874:Representatives from
867:Representatives from
845:
836:Further information:
503:
491:
345:. Founded in 1894 by
339:sports governing body
293:
10771:46.51806°N 6.59694°E
9611:All-time medal table
9371:(mixed martial arts)
9347:(downhill ice cross)
9204:(kettlebell lifting)
9128:(practical shooting)
8984:(ski mountaineering)
7456:The Kyiv Independent
7054:. 22 November 2021.
6989:. 22 November 2021.
6957:. 19 November 2018.
6659:. 20 December 2017.
5350:on 15 November 2007.
5327:on 26 February 2002.
4724:"Host City Contract"
4565:on 21 September 2005
4032:. 11 February 2019.
3762:List of IOC meetings
3681:Procter & Gamble
3236:Anne, Princess Royal
2805:Christophe De Kepper
2398:2034 Winter Olympics
2343:2024 Summer Olympics
2330:2024 Summer Olympics
2290:2024 Summer Olympics
2252:Chinese vice premier
2161:2016 Summer Olympics
2142:2014 Winter Olympics
2088:2020 Summer Olympics
2040:2018 Winter Olympics
2036:2016 Summer Olympics
1977:2010 Winter Olympics
1973:2000 Summer Olympics
1949:1968 Winter Olympics
1909:2020 Summer Olympics
1867:2022 Winter Olympics
1844:2022 Winter Olympics
1816:2020 Summer Olympics
1812:2016 Summer Olympics
1749:2008 Summer Olympics
1711:2002 Winter Olympics
1700:1998 Winter Olympics
1694:1998 Winter Olympics
1688:twelve years earlier
1680:2002 Winter Olympics
1676:1972 Winter Olympics
1666:change of government
1643:1976 Winter Olympics
1090:Revenue distribution
738:List of IOC meetings
657:2020 Summer Olympics
653:2018 Winter Olympics
630:2008 Tibetan protest
580:2008 Summer Olympics
252:Christophe De Kepper
77:IOC headquarters in
32:IOC (disambiguation)
10767: /
10502:Youth Olympic Games
10467:2026 Milano Cortina
9014:(university sports)
9008:(underwater sports)
8804:(American football)
8627:(modern pentathlon)
8243:Association of NOCs
7584:. 18 January 2024.
7234:FIE, January 2021.]
6894:The Free China Post
6049:The Washington Post
5870:. 13 October 2021.
5750:on 10 December 2022
5261:The Washington Post
5214:on 1 September 2010
5126:Hockey Hall of Fame
5018:on 2 September 2009
4920:2008SSCIJ..17..205S
4343:. 5 February 2019.
3795:. 29 January 2023.
3686:Samsung Electronics
3652:(joint partnership)
3474:Luis Alberto Moreno
3099:Milano Cortina 2026
2905:IOC Audit Committee
2555:Nawal El Moutawakel
2417:IOC Executive Board
2319:Zaporizhzhia Oblast
1456:Women participation
1168:Other organizations
1106:broadcasting rights
1086:from 2001 to 2004.
595:UN General Assembly
525:Youth Olympic Games
510:Pierre de Coubertin
347:Pierre de Coubertin
236:Nawal El Moutawakel
143:Pierre de Coubertin
41:
10830:Supraorganizations
9413:(snowshoe running)
9377:(mountain running)
8930:(motorcycle sport)
8834:(billiards sports)
8376:Pan American Games
8095:Olympic Congresses
7735:The New York Times
7552:insidethegames.biz
6986:Human Rights Watch
6600:The New York Times
6351:on 25 January 2017
6079:Body & Society
5640:The New York Times
4100:on 27 October 2016
4068:on 27 October 2016
3899:The Sports Journal
3868:"IOC Members List"
3340:Board Of Directors
2359:Israeli airstrikes
2264:Chinese government
2240:Human Rights Watch
2005:Santhi Soundarajan
1296:Soil contamination
1218:Venue construction
931:IOC recognizes 82
851:
599:Permanent Observer
506:
498:
295:
192:Official language
39:
10776:46.51806; 6.59694
10704:
10703:
10654:
10653:
10643:COVID-19 pandemic
10629:Cancelled due to
10610:Cancelled due to
10527:2018 Buenos Aires
10491:
10490:
10381:1960 Squaw Valley
10083:
10082:
9900:summer (pre-2000)
9870:Songs and anthems
9497:
9496:
8894:(ice stock sport)
8468:
8467:
8386:World Beach Games
8311:
8310:
7928:978-1-55168-358-4
7907:. New York: SUNY.
7888:978-0-8058-5168-7
7867:978-0-415-43167-5
7848:978-0-8108-5574-8
6955:The Straits Times
6461:San Diego Tribune
6213:(13): 1557–1576.
5778:. 12 March 2021.
5415:on 18 August 2008
5396:on 18 March 2007.
5344:Chicago Sun-Times
4229:"AIOWF – Members"
4209:on 21 August 2016
4203:"ASOIF – Members"
3832:"Olympic Charter"
3604:
3603:
3422:Robin E. Mitchell
2935:David Lappartient
2823:
2822:
2600:Robin E. Mitchell
2595:Executive Members
2385:2024 WADA scandal
2224:Republic of China
2154:Ministry of Sport
2056:minute of silence
2026:, Indian athlete
1638:Bid controversies
1585:
1584:
1101:Los Angeles Times
1008:Olympic marketing
848:1896 Athens Games
700:Morinari Watanabe
680:David Lappartient
514:Demetrios Vikelas
353:, it is based in
351:Demetrios Vikelas
315:
314:
311:
291:
157:Sports federation
147:Demetrios Vikelas
124:23 June 1894
16:(Redirected from
10842:
10782:
10781:
10779:
10778:
10777:
10772:
10768:
10765:
10764:
10763:
10760:
10745:
10744:
10743:
10733:
10732:
10731:
10721:
10720:
10719:
10712:
10692:
10691:
10680:
10679:
10669:
10668:
10667:
10645:
10639:
10633:
10627:
10614:
10608:
10573:2016 Lillehammer
10554:
10497:
10496:
10474:2030 French Alps
10456:2018 PyeongChang
10426:1994 Lillehammer
10421:1992 Albertville
10406:1980 Lake Placid
10361:
10354:
10342:1932 Lake Placid
10316:
10281:2028 Los Angeles
10225:1984 Los Angeles
10205:1968 Mexico City
10175:
10168:
10156:1932 Los Angeles
10136:
10089:
10088:
10065:Special Olympics
10020:Paralympic Games
9688:tropical nations
9578:Olympic Congress
9561:
9560:
9524:
9517:
9510:
9501:
9500:
9443:(touch football)
9425:(sport stacking)
9335:(fullbore rifle)
8936:(mountaineering)
8765:(skating sports)
8663:(sport climbing)
8525:(aquatic sports)
8495:
8488:
8481:
8472:
8471:
8411:
8348:
8338:
8331:
8324:
8315:
8314:
8303:
8302:
8301:
8287:Special Olympics
8052:Olympic Congress
8003:
7993:
7986:
7979:
7970:
7969:
7965:
7960:
7959:
7957:Official website
7944:
7942:
7940:
7913:Podnieks, Andrew
7908:
7899:
7897:
7895:
7871:
7852:
7823:
7822:
7820:
7818:
7808:
7802:
7801:
7799:
7797:
7791:"IOC Comissions"
7787:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7776:
7766:
7760:
7759:
7757:
7755:
7725:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7714:
7692:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7681:
7666:
7660:
7659:
7657:
7655:
7646:. 6 March 2024.
7636:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7625:
7604:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7574:
7568:
7567:
7565:
7563:
7543:
7537:
7536:
7534:
7532:
7512:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7501:
7479:
7473:
7472:
7470:
7468:
7446:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7420:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7409:
7400:. 28 July 2023.
7398:Inside the Games
7390:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7370:. 28 July 2023.
7358:
7356:
7354:
7342:Ukrainska Pravda
7332:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7321:
7302:
7296:
7295:
7293:
7291:
7271:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7260:
7251:. 27 July 2023.
7241:
7235:
7222:
7216:
7203:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7192:
7183:. 5 March 2020.
7173:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7162:
7146:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7135:
7115:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7104:
7074:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7063:
7042:
7036:
7035:
7033:
7031:
7009:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6998:
6977:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6966:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6936:
6916:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6905:
6885:
6879:
6878:
6876:
6874:
6855:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6844:
6824:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6813:
6793:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6767:
6761:
6760:
6758:
6756:
6736:
6730:
6729:
6727:
6725:
6710:
6704:
6703:
6701:
6699:
6679:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6649:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6623:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6612:
6591:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6565:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6554:
6539:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6528:
6513:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6502:
6497:on 4 August 2016
6493:. Archived from
6483:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6472:
6453:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6442:
6427:
6421:
6420:
6418:
6416:
6407:. 18 July 2016.
6397:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6377:. 18 July 2016.
6367:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6356:
6350:
6339:
6331:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6294:
6279:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6252:
6246:
6245:
6242:Globe & Mail
6237:
6231:
6230:
6202:
6193:
6192:
6174:
6150:
6141:
6140:
6112:
6103:
6102:
6074:
6053:
6052:
6044:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6026:
6001:(9): 1555–1573.
5995:Sport in Society
5986:
5973:
5972:
5962:
5938:
5932:
5931:
5903:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5860:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5849:
5829:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5749:
5734:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5711:. October 2014.
5701:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5637:
5626:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5548:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5537:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5470:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5411:. Archived from
5404:
5398:
5397:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5374:on 27 July 2011.
5373:
5366:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5346:. Archived from
5335:
5329:
5328:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5252:
5246:
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5241:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5178:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5158:. 12 July 1999.
5148:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5132:on 7 August 2008
5128:. Archived from
5118:
5112:
5095:
5089:
5072:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5050:
5043:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5014:. Archived from
5001:
4995:
4994:
4976:
4965:
4962:
4956:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4905:
4896:
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4880:
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4877:
4875:
4855:
4849:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4817:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4797:
4790:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4762:. 10 June 2021.
4752:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4735:
4728:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4688:
4686:
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4630:
4624:
4611:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4531:. Archived from
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4499:. 11 July 2005.
4485:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4459:
4453:
4450:Cooper-Chen 2005
4447:
4432:
4426:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4407:on 25 April 2009
4393:
4387:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4333:
4327:
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4199:
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4153:
4138:
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4110:
4109:
4107:
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4099:
4092:
4084:
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4075:
4073:
4067:
4060:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3974:SWI swissinfo.ch
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3945:. 21 June 2016.
3939:
3933:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3847:
3836:
3828:
3822:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3785:
3767:Olympic Congress
3670:The Swatch Group
3593:
3591:
3590:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3501:Gerardo Werthein
3485:
3483:
3482:
3461:Papua New Guinea
3459:
3457:
3456:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3157:Gerardo Werthein
3141:
3139:
3138:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3045:Nicole Hoevertsz
3040:Los Angeles 2028
3027:
3025:
3024:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2961:Octavian Morariu
2946:
2944:
2943:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2834:
2833:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2800:Director General
2791:
2789:
2788:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2575:Gerardo Werthein
2566:
2564:
2563:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2515:Nicole Hoevertsz
2501:
2499:
2498:
2470:
2469:
2373:, an Israeli in
2347:Israel–Hamas war
2100:Doping in Russia
2024:2014 Asian Games
1981:Hyperandrogenism
1943:perceived to be
1925:sex verification
1905:North Korean NOC
1833:Tsunekazu Takeda
1577:
1570:
1563:
1343:
1329:
1328:
1312:Effects on water
1235:Beijing Olympics
722:Swiss Civil Code
716:Olympic Congress
671:, respectively.
597:granted the IOC
375:Olympic Movement
335:non-governmental
305:
292:
274:
269:
266:
264:
247:Director General
240:Gerardo Werthein
228:Nicole Hoevertsz
134:
132:
127:
116:
108:
102:
94:
93:
75:
66:
57:
49:
42:
38:
21:
18:Olympic Movement
10850:
10849:
10845:
10844:
10843:
10841:
10840:
10839:
10785:
10784:
10775:
10773:
10769:
10766:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10754:
10753:
10751:
10741:
10739:
10729:
10727:
10717:
10715:
10707:
10705:
10700:
10665:
10663:
10650:
10649:
10648:
10640:
10636:
10628:
10617:
10609:
10605:
10595:
10594:
10555:
10546:
10545:
10504:
10487:
10486:
10366:1948 St. Moritz
10359:
10352:
10337:1928 St. Moritz
10317:
10308:
10307:
10173:
10166:
10134:
10094:
10079:
10008:
9941:
9841:
9803:Olympic Channel
9781:
9741:
9735:Olympic Stadium
9699:
9683:Winter Olympics
9678:Summer Olympics
9664:
9655:Olympic diploma
9650:Stripped medals
9592:
9555:
9533:
9528:
9498:
9493:
9458:
9455:(ultra running)
9449:(trail running)
9249:
9176:
9167:
9158:(sport fishing)
9056:(arm wrestling)
9035:
9029:
8828:(basque pelota)
8783:
8774:
8723:
8714:
8705:(weightlifting)
8633:(roller sports)
8513:
8504:
8499:
8469:
8464:
8451:
8438:
8425:
8412:
8403:
8390:
8352:
8342:
8312:
8307:
8299:
8297:
8291:
8230:
8224:
8188:
8083:
8072:Olympic Channel
8025:
8007:
7997:
7955:
7954:
7951:
7938:
7936:
7929:
7893:
7891:
7889:
7868:
7849:
7831:
7829:Further reading
7826:
7816:
7814:
7810:
7809:
7805:
7795:
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7784:
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7443:
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7407:
7405:
7392:
7391:
7387:
7377:
7375:
7360:
7359:
7352:
7350:
7333:
7329:
7319:
7317:
7304:
7303:
7299:
7289:
7287:
7280:The Independent
7272:
7268:
7258:
7256:
7243:
7242:
7238:
7232:Wayback Machine
7223:
7219:
7213:Wayback Machine
7204:
7200:
7190:
7188:
7181:British Fencing
7175:
7174:
7170:
7160:
7158:
7147:
7143:
7133:
7131:
7116:
7112:
7102:
7100:
7075:
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7059:
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7010:
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6994:
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6903:
6901:
6886:
6882:
6872:
6870:
6857:
6856:
6852:
6842:
6840:
6825:
6821:
6811:
6809:
6794:
6790:
6780:
6778:
6769:
6768:
6764:
6754:
6752:
6745:The Independent
6737:
6733:
6723:
6721:
6712:
6711:
6707:
6697:
6695:
6680:
6676:
6666:
6664:
6651:
6650:
6646:
6636:
6634:
6625:
6624:
6620:
6610:
6608:
6592:
6588:
6578:
6576:
6567:
6566:
6562:
6552:
6550:
6541:
6540:
6536:
6526:
6524:
6515:
6514:
6510:
6500:
6498:
6485:
6484:
6480:
6470:
6468:
6467:on 31 July 2016
6455:
6454:
6450:
6440:
6438:
6429:
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6414:
6412:
6399:
6398:
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6113:
6106:
6075:
6056:
6045:
6034:
6024:
6022:
5987:
5976:
5939:
5935:
5908:Feminist Review
5904:
5887:
5877:
5875:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5847:
5845:
5830:
5826:
5816:
5814:
5799:
5795:
5785:
5783:
5768:
5767:
5763:
5753:
5751:
5742:Financial Times
5736:
5735:
5728:
5718:
5716:
5703:
5702:
5698:
5688:
5686:
5671:
5667:
5657:
5655:
5627:
5623:
5613:
5611:
5588:
5584:
5574:
5572:
5549:
5545:
5535:
5533:
5510:
5506:
5496:
5494:
5471:
5467:
5457:
5455:
5432:
5428:
5418:
5416:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5384:
5383:
5379:
5371:
5364:
5360:
5359:
5355:
5336:
5332:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5300:
5298:
5283:
5279:
5270:
5268:
5263:, pp. A1,
5253:
5249:
5239:
5237:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5217:
5215:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5191:
5189:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5165:
5163:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5135:
5133:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5109:Wayback Machine
5096:
5092:
5086:Wayback Machine
5073:
5064:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5041:
5037:Schantz, Otto.
5035:
5031:
5021:
5019:
5002:
4998:
4991:
4977:
4968:
4963:
4959:
4954:
4950:
4942:
4903:
4897:
4893:
4887:
4883:
4873:
4871:
4864:The Independent
4856:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4838:
4834:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4811:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4769:
4767:
4754:
4753:
4749:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4707:
4705:
4690:
4682:
4680:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4650:
4648:
4631:
4627:
4621:Wayback Machine
4612:
4605:
4595:
4593:
4582:
4578:
4568:
4566:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4538:
4536:
4521:
4520:
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4506:
4504:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4472:
4470:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4448:
4435:
4427:
4420:
4410:
4408:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4376:
4374:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4350:
4348:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4320:
4318:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4294:
4292:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4264:
4262:
4257:. ARISF. 2018.
4253:
4252:
4248:
4238:
4236:
4235:on 29 June 2012
4227:
4226:
4222:
4212:
4210:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4186:
4184:
4179:. olympic.org.
4175:
4174:
4170:
4165:
4161:
4151:
4149:
4147:The Independent
4139:
4135:
4125:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4039:
4037:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4009:
4007:
4000:"OLYMPIC HOUSE"
3998:
3997:
3993:
3983:
3981:
3966:
3962:
3952:
3950:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3922:
3918:
3908:
3906:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3875:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3816:
3812:
3802:
3800:
3787:
3786:
3779:
3775:
3704:
3609:
3588:
3586:
3561:
3559:
3534:
3532:
3507:
3505:
3480:
3478:
3454:
3452:
3428:
3426:
3402:
3400:
3376:
3374:
3350:
3348:
3344:Richard Carrión
3338:Olympic Channel
3320:
3318:
3294:
3292:
3268:
3266:
3242:
3240:
3216:
3214:
3189:
3187:
3163:
3161:
3136:
3134:
3110:
3108:
3081:
3079:
3075:Kirsty Coventry
3051:
3049:
3022:
3020:
3016:Kirsty Coventry
2993:
2991:
2967:
2965:
2941:
2939:
2915:
2913:
2889:
2887:
2863:
2861:
2828:
2826:IOC Commissions
2811:
2809:
2786:
2784:
2766:
2764:
2760:Kirsty Coventry
2746:
2744:
2726:
2724:
2706:
2704:
2686:
2684:
2666:
2664:
2646:
2644:
2626:
2624:
2606:
2604:
2581:
2579:
2561:
2559:
2541:
2539:
2521:
2519:
2510:Vice Presidents
2496:
2494:
2419:
2387:
2339:
2298:
2272:
2236:
2212:
2150:Richard McLaren
2134:World Athletics
2118:
2096:
2076:
2060:Munich massacre
2048:
1921:
1871:Xinjiang Papers
1865:to bid for the
1852:
1846:
1802:
1771:Olympic Charter
1751:
1719:
1713:
1696:
1651:
1645:
1640:
1596:
1590:
1581:
1327:
1314:
1293:
1291:Effects on soil
1237:
1225:
1220:
1194:
1186:
1176:(IPC), and the
1170:
1158:
1149:
1143:
1119:
1046:
1010:
969:Other honours.
964:
929:
918:their election.
888:
840:
834:
772:
740:
734:
718:
708:
684:Kirsty Coventry
642:Xinjiang Papers
541:Winter Olympics
529:Summer Olympics
486:
477:Olympic Charter
470:
468:IOC member oath
391:
304:
287:
285:
261:
248:
238:
234:
230:
224:
223:Vice Presidents
212:
193:
183:
172:
171:Olympic House,
145:
130:
128:
125:
110:
96:
82:
51:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10848:
10838:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10750:
10749:
10737:
10725:
10702:
10701:
10699:
10698:
10686:
10674:
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10656:
10655:
10652:
10651:
10647:
10646:
10634:
10615:
10602:
10601:
10600:
10597:
10596:
10593:
10592:
10585:
10580:
10575:
10570:
10568:2012 Innsbruck
10564:
10563:
10561:
10557:
10556:
10549:
10547:
10544:
10543:
10536:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10517:2010 Singapore
10513:
10512:
10510:
10506:
10505:
10493:
10492:
10489:
10488:
10485:
10484:
10477:
10470:
10463:
10458:
10453:
10448:
10446:2010 Vancouver
10443:
10438:
10436:2002 Salt Lake
10433:
10428:
10423:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10403:
10401:1976 Innsbruck
10398:
10393:
10388:
10386:1964 Innsbruck
10383:
10378:
10373:
10368:
10363:
10356:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10328:
10327:
10325:
10319:
10318:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10305:
10298:
10291:
10284:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10235:1992 Barcelona
10232:
10227:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10207:
10202:
10197:
10192:
10190:1956 Melbourne
10187:
10182:
10177:
10170:
10163:
10158:
10153:
10151:1928 Amsterdam
10148:
10143:
10138:
10131:
10129:1912 Stockholm
10126:
10121:
10119:1904 St. Louis
10116:
10111:
10105:
10104:
10102:
10096:
10095:
10085:
10084:
10081:
10080:
10078:
10077:
10072:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10052:
10051:
10050:
10045:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10022:
10016:
10014:
10010:
10009:
10007:
10006:
10001:
10000:
9999:
9994:
9984:
9983:
9982:
9977:
9972:
9962:
9961:
9960:
9949:
9947:
9943:
9942:
9940:
9939:
9934:
9932:Olympic Laurel
9929:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9913:
9912:
9907:
9902:
9894:
9889:
9884:
9879:
9878:
9877:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9851:
9849:
9843:
9842:
9840:
9839:
9834:
9833:
9832:
9827:
9819:
9814:
9813:
9812:
9811:
9810:
9800:
9789:
9787:
9783:
9782:
9780:
9779:
9774:
9773:
9772:
9762:
9757:
9751:
9749:
9743:
9742:
9740:
9739:
9738:
9737:
9732:
9722:
9721:
9720:
9709:
9707:
9701:
9700:
9698:
9697:
9696:
9695:
9690:
9680:
9674:
9672:
9666:
9665:
9663:
9662:
9657:
9652:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9636:
9635:
9625:
9620:
9619:
9618:
9608:
9602:
9600:
9594:
9593:
9591:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9569:
9567:
9557:
9556:
9554:
9553:
9546:
9543:Olympic sports
9538:
9535:
9534:
9527:
9526:
9519:
9512:
9504:
9495:
9494:
9492:
9491:
9486:
9480:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9463:
9460:
9459:
9457:
9456:
9450:
9444:
9438:
9437:(tent pegging)
9432:
9431:(table hockey)
9426:
9420:
9414:
9408:
9402:
9396:
9390:
9384:
9383:(ocean rowing)
9378:
9372:
9366:
9360:
9354:
9348:
9342:
9336:
9330:
9324:
9318:
9312:
9306:
9300:
9294:
9288:
9287:(bodyboarding)
9282:
9276:
9270:
9264:
9257:
9255:
9251:
9250:
9248:
9247:
9241:
9240:(rugby league)
9235:
9229:
9223:
9217:
9211:
9205:
9199:
9193:
9187:
9180:
9178:
9169:
9168:
9166:
9165:
9159:
9153:
9147:
9141:
9140:(sepak takraw)
9135:
9129:
9123:
9122:(powerlifting)
9117:
9111:
9105:
9099:
9093:
9087:
9081:
9075:
9069:
9063:
9062:(bodybuilding)
9057:
9051:
9044:
9042:
9031:
9030:
9028:
9027:
9021:
9015:
9009:
9003:
8997:
8991:
8985:
8979:
8973:
8967:
8966:(powerboating)
8961:
8955:
8954:(orienteering)
8949:
8943:
8937:
8931:
8925:
8919:
8913:
8907:
8901:
8895:
8889:
8883:
8877:
8871:
8865:
8859:
8853:
8847:
8841:
8835:
8829:
8823:
8817:
8811:
8805:
8799:
8792:
8790:
8776:
8775:
8773:
8772:
8766:
8760:
8754:
8748:
8742:
8736:
8729:
8727:
8716:
8715:
8713:
8712:
8706:
8700:
8694:
8688:
8682:
8676:
8675:(table tennis)
8670:
8664:
8658:
8652:
8646:
8640:
8634:
8628:
8622:
8616:
8615:(field hockey)
8610:
8604:
8598:
8592:
8586:
8580:
8574:
8568:
8562:
8556:
8550:
8544:
8538:
8532:
8526:
8519:
8517:
8506:
8505:
8498:
8497:
8490:
8483:
8475:
8466:
8465:
8459:
8457:
8453:
8452:
8446:
8444:
8440:
8439:
8433:
8431:
8427:
8426:
8420:
8418:
8414:
8413:
8406:
8404:
8398:
8396:
8392:
8391:
8389:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8371:European Games
8368:
8363:
8357:
8354:
8353:
8341:
8340:
8333:
8326:
8318:
8309:
8308:
8296:
8293:
8292:
8290:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8268:
8267:
8265:IOC Recognised
8262:
8257:
8247:
8246:
8245:
8234:
8232:
8226:
8225:
8223:
8222:
8217:
8215:Olympic Laurel
8212:
8207:
8202:
8196:
8194:
8190:
8189:
8187:
8186:
8185:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8104:
8103:
8102:
8091:
8089:
8085:
8084:
8082:
8081:
8080:
8079:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8033:
8031:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8023:
8018:
8012:
8009:
8008:
7996:
7995:
7988:
7981:
7973:
7967:
7966:
7950:
7949:External links
7947:
7946:
7945:
7927:
7909:
7900:
7887:
7872:
7866:
7853:
7847:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7824:
7803:
7782:
7761:
7720:
7687:
7661:
7631:
7599:
7569:
7538:
7507:
7474:
7441:
7415:
7385:
7327:
7297:
7266:
7236:
7217:
7198:
7168:
7141:
7110:
7069:
7037:
7004:
6972:
6942:
6911:
6880:
6850:
6819:
6788:
6762:
6731:
6705:
6674:
6644:
6618:
6586:
6560:
6534:
6508:
6478:
6448:
6422:
6392:
6362:
6326:
6300:
6274:
6247:
6232:
6194:
6165:(8): 548–551.
6142:
6104:
6054:
6032:
5974:
5953:(2): 339–365.
5933:
5885:
5855:
5824:
5793:
5761:
5726:
5696:
5679:Slate Magazine
5665:
5621:
5582:
5543:
5504:
5465:
5426:
5399:
5377:
5353:
5330:
5308:
5277:
5247:
5225:
5199:
5188:on 1 June 2009
5173:
5143:
5113:
5090:
5062:
5029:
4996:
4989:
4966:
4964:Ouyang W. 313.
4957:
4948:
4914:(3): 205–220.
4891:
4881:
4850:
4841:
4832:
4822:
4809:
4777:
4747:
4715:
4658:
4625:
4603:
4576:
4546:
4535:on 15 May 2011
4514:
4480:
4454:
4452:, p. 231.
4433:
4418:
4401:Olympic Primer
4388:
4358:
4328:
4317:. 20 June 2023
4302:
4272:
4246:
4220:
4194:
4168:
4159:
4133:
4122:. olympics.com
4111:
4079:
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3693:
3688:
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3678:
3673:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3595:Czech Republic
3584:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3476:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3450:
3448:Auvita Rapilla
3445:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3398:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3346:
3341:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3301:Czech Republic
3290:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3249:United Kingdom
3238:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3106:
3101:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3077:
3072:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3047:
3042:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3018:
3013:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2418:
2415:
2386:
2383:
2338:
2335:
2315:Kherson Oblast
2311:Luhansk Oblast
2307:Donetsk Oblast
2297:
2294:
2271:
2268:
2235:
2232:
2220:Chinese Taipei
2211:
2208:
2197:Olympic Anthem
2108:McLaren Report
2095:
2094:Russian doping
2092:
2084:Olympic sports
2082:from its core
2075:
2072:
2047:
2044:
2009:Caster Semenya
1941:women athletes
1929:ancient Greece
1920:
1917:
1881:population in
1848:Main article:
1845:
1842:
1801:
1798:
1750:
1747:
1715:Main article:
1712:
1709:
1695:
1692:
1672:Salt Lake City
1647:Main article:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1592:Main article:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1497:
1496:
1495:Regional games
1492:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1458:
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1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
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1344:
1336:
1335:
1326:
1323:
1313:
1310:
1292:
1289:
1236:
1233:
1224:
1223:Effects on air
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1211:United Nations
1207:
1204:
1201:
1193:
1192:IOC approaches
1190:
1185:
1182:
1169:
1166:
1157:
1154:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1127:
1118:
1115:
1092:
1091:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1045:
1042:
1014:Avery Brundage
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1001:
995:
992:Olympic Laurel
989:
983:
977:
963:
960:
959:
958:
951:
944:
928:
925:
924:
923:
919:
915:
908:
905:
902:
898:
895:
887:
884:
883:
882:
879:
872:
865:
833:
830:
829:
828:
825:
822:
819:Olympic Museum
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
791:
788:
785:
782:
776:
771:
768:
767:
766:
763:
760:
757:
733:
730:
726:articles 60–79
707:
704:
615:Olympic Museum
496:, Switzerland.
485:
482:
469:
466:
465:
464:
461:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
411:
408:
405:
402:
390:
387:
341:of the modern
313:
312:
283:Olympic Anthem
276:
275:
259:
255:
254:
249:
246:
243:
242:
225:
222:
219:
218:
213:
208:
205:
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150:
149:
140:
136:
135:
122:
118:
117:
88:
84:
83:
76:
68:
67:
59:
58:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10847:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10796:
10793:
10792:
10790:
10783:
10780:
10748:
10738:
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10714:
10713:
10710:
10697:
10696:
10687:
10685:
10684:
10675:
10673:
10672:
10661:
10660:
10657:
10644:
10638:
10632:
10626:
10624:
10622:
10620:
10613:
10607:
10603:
10598:
10591:
10590:
10586:
10584:
10581:
10579:
10578:2020 Lausanne
10576:
10574:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10565:
10562:
10558:
10553:
10542:
10541:
10537:
10535:
10534:
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10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10514:
10511:
10507:
10503:
10498:
10494:
10483:
10482:
10478:
10476:
10475:
10471:
10469:
10468:
10464:
10462:
10459:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10424:
10422:
10419:
10417:
10414:
10412:
10411:1984 Sarajevo
10409:
10407:
10404:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10391:1968 Grenoble
10389:
10387:
10384:
10382:
10379:
10377:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10357:
10355:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10332:1924 Chamonix
10330:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10320:
10315:
10304:
10303:
10299:
10297:
10296:
10292:
10290:
10289:
10288:2032 Brisbane
10285:
10283:
10282:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10215:1976 Montreal
10213:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10201:
10198:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10185:1952 Helsinki
10183:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10171:
10169:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10147:
10144:
10142:
10139:
10137:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10097:
10093:Olympic Games
10090:
10086:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10049:
10046:
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10011:
10005:
10002:
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9976:
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9967:
9966:
9963:
9959:
9956:
9955:
9954:
9951:
9950:
9948:
9944:
9938:
9937:Olympic Order
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9925:
9923:
9920:
9918:
9915:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9897:
9895:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9883:
9880:
9876:
9873:
9872:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9852:
9850:
9848:
9844:
9838:
9835:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9822:
9820:
9818:
9815:
9809:
9806:
9805:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9795:
9794:
9791:
9790:
9788:
9784:
9778:
9775:
9771:
9768:
9767:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9752:
9750:
9748:
9744:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9727:
9726:
9723:
9719:
9716:
9715:
9714:
9711:
9710:
9708:
9706:
9702:
9694:
9693:country codes
9691:
9689:
9686:
9685:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9675:
9673:
9671:
9667:
9661:
9658:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9634:
9631:
9630:
9629:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9617:
9614:
9613:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9603:
9601:
9599:
9595:
9589:
9586:
9584:
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9579:
9576:
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9568:
9566:
9562:
9558:
9552:
9551:
9547:
9545:
9544:
9540:
9539:
9536:
9532:
9531:Olympic Games
9525:
9520:
9518:
9513:
9511:
9506:
9505:
9502:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9481:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9464:
9461:
9454:
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9448:
9445:
9442:
9439:
9436:
9433:
9430:
9427:
9424:
9421:
9418:
9415:
9412:
9409:
9406:
9403:
9400:
9397:
9394:
9391:
9388:
9385:
9382:
9379:
9376:
9373:
9370:
9367:
9365:(landsailing)
9364:
9361:
9358:
9355:
9352:
9349:
9346:
9343:
9340:
9337:
9334:
9331:
9328:
9325:
9322:
9319:
9316:
9313:
9310:
9307:
9304:
9301:
9298:
9295:
9292:
9289:
9286:
9283:
9281:(ball hockey)
9280:
9277:
9274:
9271:
9268:
9265:
9262:
9259:
9258:
9256:
9252:
9245:
9242:
9239:
9236:
9233:
9230:
9227:
9224:
9221:
9218:
9215:
9212:
9209:
9206:
9203:
9200:
9197:
9194:
9191:
9188:
9185:
9182:
9181:
9179:
9175:
9170:
9163:
9160:
9157:
9154:
9152:(soft tennis)
9151:
9148:
9145:
9142:
9139:
9136:
9133:
9130:
9127:
9124:
9121:
9118:
9115:
9112:
9109:
9106:
9103:
9100:
9097:
9094:
9091:
9088:
9085:
9082:
9080:(dragon boat)
9079:
9076:
9073:
9070:
9067:
9064:
9061:
9058:
9055:
9052:
9049:
9046:
9045:
9043:
9041:
9040:
9032:
9025:
9022:
9019:
9016:
9013:
9010:
9007:
9004:
9001:
8998:
8995:
8992:
8989:
8986:
8983:
8980:
8977:
8974:
8972:(racquetball)
8971:
8968:
8965:
8962:
8959:
8956:
8953:
8950:
8947:
8944:
8941:
8938:
8935:
8932:
8929:
8926:
8924:(life saving)
8923:
8920:
8917:
8914:
8911:
8908:
8905:
8902:
8899:
8896:
8893:
8890:
8888:(flying disc)
8887:
8884:
8881:
8878:
8876:(dance sport)
8875:
8872:
8869:
8866:
8863:
8860:
8857:
8854:
8851:
8848:
8845:
8842:
8839:
8836:
8833:
8830:
8827:
8824:
8821:
8818:
8815:
8812:
8810:(auto racing)
8809:
8806:
8803:
8800:
8797:
8794:
8793:
8791:
8789:
8788:
8781:
8777:
8770:
8767:
8764:
8761:
8758:
8755:
8752:
8749:
8746:
8743:
8740:
8737:
8734:
8731:
8730:
8728:
8726:
8721:
8717:
8710:
8707:
8704:
8701:
8698:
8695:
8692:
8689:
8686:
8683:
8680:
8677:
8674:
8671:
8668:
8665:
8662:
8659:
8656:
8653:
8650:
8647:
8645:(rugby union)
8644:
8641:
8638:
8635:
8632:
8629:
8626:
8623:
8620:
8617:
8614:
8611:
8608:
8605:
8602:
8599:
8596:
8593:
8590:
8587:
8584:
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8575:
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8536:
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8530:
8527:
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8521:
8520:
8518:
8516:
8511:
8507:
8503:
8496:
8491:
8489:
8484:
8482:
8477:
8476:
8473:
8463:
8458:
8454:
8450:
8445:
8441:
8437:
8432:
8428:
8424:
8419:
8415:
8410:
8402:
8397:
8393:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8381:Pacific Games
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8361:African Games
8359:
8358:
8355:
8351:
8347:
8339:
8334:
8332:
8327:
8325:
8320:
8319:
8316:
8306:
8294:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
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8270:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8252:
8251:
8248:
8244:
8241:
8240:
8239:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8231:Organizations
8227:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8200:Olympic Order
8198:
8197:
8195:
8191:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
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8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8109:
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8105:
8101:
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8019:
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8002:
7994:
7989:
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7980:
7975:
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7964:
7958:
7953:
7952:
7934:
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7920:
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7906:
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7884:
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7873:
7869:
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7807:
7792:
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7724:
7708:
7704:
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7698:
7691:
7676:
7672:
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7649:
7645:
7641:
7635:
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7098:
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7086:
7085:
7080:
7073:
7057:
7053:
7052:
7047:
7041:
7025:
7021:
7020:
7019:Yahoo! Sports
7015:
7008:
6992:
6988:
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6982:
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6134:
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6111:
6109:
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5985:
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5898:
5896:
5894:
5892:
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5843:
5839:
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5828:
5812:
5808:
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5797:
5781:
5777:
5776:
5771:
5765:
5748:
5743:
5739:
5733:
5731:
5714:
5710:
5709:CBSSports.com
5706:
5700:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5669:
5653:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5625:
5609:
5605:
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5597:
5593:
5586:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5554:
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5519:
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5363:
5357:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5334:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5312:
5296:
5292:
5291:Time Magazine
5288:
5281:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5251:
5235:
5229:
5213:
5209:
5203:
5187:
5183:
5177:
5161:
5157:
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5127:
5123:
5117:
5110:
5106:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5087:
5083:
5080:
5076:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5051:on 5 May 2013
5047:
5040:
5033:
5017:
5013:
5012:
5007:
5000:
4992:
4990:0-7714-1697-0
4986:
4982:
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4973:
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4961:
4952:
4941:
4937:
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4921:
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4913:
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4854:
4845:
4836:
4826:
4816:
4814:
4794:
4787:
4781:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4751:
4732:
4729:. IOC. 2009.
4725:
4719:
4703:
4699:
4698:
4693:
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4674:
4673:
4668:
4662:
4646:
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4610:
4608:
4591:
4587:
4580:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4550:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4528:Sporting Life
4524:
4518:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4484:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4451:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4431:, p. ci.
4430:
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4096:
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4064:
4057:
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3979:
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3679:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3650:Mengniu Dairy
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3631:Alibaba Group
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3598:
3596:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3569:
3558:
3556:
3555:Lydia Nsekera
3553:
3550:
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3529:
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3019:
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3014:
3012:
3011:Brisbane 2032
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
2990:
2988:
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2977:
2975:
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2643:
2641:
2640:Nenad Lalović
2638:
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2618:
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2061:
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2014:
2010:
2006:
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1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:
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1937:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1923:The IOC uses
1916:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1894:Great Britain
1891:
1890:United States
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1518:Mediterranean
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1027:Richard Pound
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546:
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534:
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10606:
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10583:2024 Gangwon
10538:
10531:
10522:2014 Nanjing
10479:
10472:
10465:
10461:2022 Beijing
10416:1988 Calgary
10396:1972 Sapporo
10353:1940 Sapporo
10300:
10293:
10286:
10279:
10255:2008 Beijing
10240:1996 Atlanta
10141:1920 Antwerp
10048:Pan-American
10024:Continental
9970:antisemitism
9817:Social media
9765:Torch relays
9755:Olympic Mass
9660:Olive wreath
9583:IOC meetings
9564:
9548:
9541:
9488:
9483:
9466:
9419:(skyrunning)
9389:(pickleball)
9275:(backgammon)
9228:(pole dance)
9036:
9002:(tug-of-war)
8906:(kickboxing)
8798:(air sports)
8786:
8784:
8753:(ice hockey)
8724:
8699:(volleyball)
8603:(gymnastics)
8579:(equestrian)
8555:(basketball)
8514:
8423:Panam Sports
8107:IOC sessions
8030:Organization
8004:
7937:. Retrieved
7917:
7904:
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7877:
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7817:11 September
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5639:
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5624:
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5596:The Guardian
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5518:The Guardian
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5440:The Guardian
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5413:the original
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5155:
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5146:
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5130:the original
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5055:13 September
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5046:the original
5032:
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5009:
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4960:
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4082:
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4063:the original
4050:
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4029:
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4008:. Retrieved
3994:
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3973:
3963:
3953:14 September
3951:. Retrieved
3937:
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3907:. Retrieved
3898:
3888:
3876:. Retrieved
3862:
3850:. Retrieved
3839:Olympics.com
3838:
3826:
3818:
3813:
3801:. Retrieved
3792:
3668:(previously
3610:
3314:Uğur Erdener
3210:Ng Ser Miang
2883:Sergey Bubka
2829:
2799:
2660:Ivo Ferriani
2620:Denis Oswald
2594:
2509:
2484:
2424:
2420:
2395:
2391:metandienone
2388:
2371:Tohar Butbul
2340:
2327:
2299:
2288:spot in the
2281:Olga Kharlan
2273:
2237:
2213:
2201:
2192:Olympic Flag
2185:
2170:
2158:
2119:
2077:
2068:Shaul Ladany
2049:
2021:
2015:(2012), and
2013:Annet Negesa
1998:
1985:testosterone
1966:
1938:
1933:Kallipateira
1922:
1902:
1887:
1860:
1853:
1824:Lamine Diack
1807:The Guardian
1805:
1803:
1788:on YouTube.
1779:
1774:
1773:states that
1752:
1743:
1733:(USOC), the
1720:
1697:
1670:
1659:
1652:
1632:
1613:
1608:Soviet Union
1604:Eastern Bloc
1597:
1549:Intercalated
1528:Pan-American
1446:Torch relays
1401:Medal tables
1390:
1319:
1315:
1305:soil quality
1301:
1294:
1281:
1269:ethylbenzene
1238:
1226:
1195:
1187:
1171:
1159:
1150:
1120:
1108:, historian
1099:
1097:
1093:
1080:
1047:
1031:
1019:
1011:
998:Olympic town
968:
965:
930:
889:
855:
852:
770:Subsidiaries
751:
748:
741:
719:
706:Organization
673:
646:
623:
621:, Lausanne.
608:
592:
577:
573:
569:
539:; the first
531:was held in
518:
507:
474:
471:
392:
385:since 2013.
374:
330:
322:
318:
316:
299:
296:
279:
182:Membership
168:Headquarters
87:Abbreviation
36:
10774: /
10735:Switzerland
10612:World War I
10441:2006 Torino
10431:1998 Nagano
10260:2012 London
10250:2004 Athens
10245:2000 Sydney
10220:1980 Moscow
10210:1972 Munich
10180:1948 London
10174:1944 London
10161:1936 Berlin
10135:1916 Berlin
10124:1908 London
10109:1896 Athens
10060:Deaflympics
9975:colonialism
9922:Olympic Cup
9837:Video games
9705:Host cities
9606:Medal table
9407:(rogaining)
9395:(quidditch)
9329:(dodgeball)
9317:(broomball)
9198:(jump rope)
9186:(dodgeball)
9039:SportAccord
8882:(floorball)
8711:(wrestling)
8693:(triathlon)
8681:(taekwondo)
8543:(badminton)
8537:(athletics)
8366:Asian Games
8205:Olympic Cup
7562:20 February
7124:USA Fencing
7103:25 November
7062:25 November
7030:24 November
6925:Taiwan News
6812:10 February
6802:inews.co.uk
6781:22 December
6755:22 December
6724:22 December
6698:10 February
6688:inews.co.uk
6657:olympic.org
6553:11 November
6527:11 November
6415:11 November
6385:11 November
6355:11 November
6267:25 February
6085:(4): 3–28.
5914:(1): 1–15.
5848:8 September
5817:9 September
5658:11 February
5614:11 February
5575:11 February
5536:11 February
5497:11 February
5458:11 February
4874:30 November
4708:3 September
4697:Herald News
4683:3 September
4672:Herald News
4651:3 September
4596:23 February
4569:23 February
4539:23 February
4507:23 February
4473:23 February
4351:12 February
4295:12 February
4265:17 November
4040:12 February
3984:12 February
3641:Bridgestone
3582:Jiri Kejval
3383:Philippines
3357:Puerto Rico
3288:Jiri Kejval
3262:John Coates
3196:South Korea
3183:Ban Ki-moon
3148:the world.
2840:Chairperson
2713:Philippines
2633:Switzerland
2490:Thomas Bach
2473:Designation
2379:Thomas Bach
2345:due to the
2260:Zhang Gaoli
2028:Dutee Chand
2022:Before the
2017:Dutee Chand
1958:PCR testing
1913:John Coates
1727:Marc Hodler
1725:IOC member
1381:Host cities
1348:Main topics
1229:air quality
1084:quadrennium
980:Olympic Cup
832:IOC members
744:IOC Session
732:IOC Session
617:remains in
584:air quality
383:Thomas Bach
216:Thomas Bach
10789:Categories
10533:2026 Dakar
10451:2014 Sochi
10275:2024 Paris
10270:2020 Tokyo
10230:1988 Seoul
10200:1964 Tokyo
10167:1940 Tokyo
10146:1924 Paris
10114:1900 Paris
9793:Television
9747:Ceremonies
9640:Medal ties
9210:(obstacle)
9192:(footgolf)
9116:(minigolf)
9104:(ju-jitsu)
9092:(fistball)
9086:(draughts)
9037:Others in
8942:(muaythai)
8918:(lacrosse)
8912:(korfball)
8735:(biathlon)
8657:(shooting)
8609:(handball)
8591:(football)
8561:(canoeing)
8047:Presidents
7613:RTL Nieuws
7582:Al Jazeera
7489:The Nation
6997:9 December
6667:5 February
6637:5 December
6611:5 December
6319:3 December
6293:3 December
5878:15 October
5786:10 October
5166:9 February
4830:1237–1250.
4740:23 October
4104:23 October
4072:26 October
3909:23 October
3852:11 January
3803:29 January
3773:References
3396:Karl Stoss
3069:Dakar 2026
2857:Emma Terho
2837:Commission
2780:Li Lingwei
2740:Emma Terho
2351:Gaza Strip
2248:Peng Shuai
2216:referendum
2098:See also:
1838:corruption
1822:president
1737:, and the
1674:, Utah, a
1441:Television
1366:Ceremonies
1110:Bob Barney
1071:Ticketing.
736:See also:
710:See also:
325:; French:
131:1894-06-23
10762:6°35′49″E
10759:46°31′5″N
10371:1952 Oslo
10195:1960 Rome
9958:medalists
9628:Medalists
9353:(kabaddi)
9323:(croquet)
9234:(rafting)
9164:(teqball)
9146:(sleddog)
9068:(casting)
9034:AIMS (20)
8948:(netball)
8870:(cricket)
8846:(bowling)
8747:(curling)
8669:(surfing)
8651:(sailing)
8585:(fencing)
8567:(cycling)
8531:(archery)
7796:10 August
7775:10 August
7744:0362-4331
7680:10 August
7434:7 January
7367:BBC Sport
7310:USA TODAY
7093:0099-9660
6873:3 October
6863:USA Today
6843:3 October
6491:BBC Sport
6227:144448974
6189:201175909
6137:213623805
6099:201403008
6015:148683831
5928:204379565
5838:USA Today
5648:0362-4331
5604:0261-3077
5565:0261-3077
5526:0261-3077
5487:0261-3077
5448:0261-3077
5419:15 August
5301:20 August
5271:20 August
5156:USA Today
4802:16 August
4559:RTÉ Sport
3878:3 October
3696:Visa Inc.
3676:Panasonic
3646:Coca-Cola
3514:Argentina
3275:Australia
3223:Singapore
3170:Argentina
2588:Argentina
2485:President
2228:Free Area
2080:wrestling
2074:Wrestling
1953:Barr body
1945:masculine
1684:Innsbruck
1406:Medalists
1075:Licensing
1053:Broadcast
1017:symbols.
864:(IOC AC);
561:Innsbruck
553:Singapore
381:has been
210:President
121:Formation
10723:Olympics
10683:Category
10302:2040 TBD
10295:2036 TBD
10265:2016 Rio
10038:European
9860:Olympiad
9808:American
9550:Olympism
9305:(boxing)
9299:(boxing)
9134:(savate)
9050:(aikido)
8990:(squash)
8900:(karate)
8852:(bridge)
8840:(boules)
8687:(tennis)
8639:(rowing)
8417:Americas
8399:ANOCA –
8229:Related
8088:Meetings
8077:American
8016:Olympism
7939:25 March
7933:Archived
7894:21 March
7748:Archived
7707:Archived
7648:Archived
7618:Archived
7586:Archived
7556:Archived
7525:Archived
7494:Archived
7467:21 March
7461:Archived
7428:Archived
7408:5 August
7402:Archived
7372:Archived
7347:Archived
7320:5 August
7314:Archived
7290:5 August
7284:Archived
7259:5 August
7253:Archived
7228:Archived
7209:Archived
7191:5 August
7185:Archived
7161:5 August
7155:Archived
7134:5 August
7128:Archived
7097:Archived
7056:Archived
7024:Archived
6991:Archived
6965:13 April
6959:Archived
6935:13 April
6929:Archived
6904:13 April
6898:Archived
6867:Archived
6837:Archived
6806:Archived
6775:Archived
6749:Archived
6718:Archived
6692:Archived
6661:Archived
6631:Archived
6605:Archived
6579:7 August
6573:Archived
6547:Archived
6521:Archived
6501:4 August
6435:Archived
6409:Archived
6379:Archived
6313:Archived
6287:Archived
6261:Archived
6181:31456545
6019:Archived
5969:22164600
5872:Archived
5842:Archived
5811:Archived
5780:Archived
5713:Archived
5683:Archived
5652:Archived
5608:Archived
5569:Archived
5530:Archived
5491:Archived
5452:Archived
5295:Archived
5265:archived
5218:23 March
5192:23 March
5160:Archived
5105:Archived
5082:Archived
5022:18 March
4940:Archived
4936:94537225
4868:Archived
4793:Archived
4764:Archived
4731:Archived
4702:Archived
4677:Archived
4645:Archived
4617:Archived
4590:Archived
4501:Archived
4467:Archived
4411:30 March
4377:8 August
4371:Archived
4345:Archived
4321:5 August
4289:Archived
4259:Archived
4213:8 August
4181:Archived
4034:Archived
4004:Archived
3978:Archived
3947:Archived
3903:Archived
3872:Archived
3843:Archived
3797:Archived
3702:See also
3666:Omega SA
3656:Deloitte
3616:AB InBev
3487:Colombia
3143:Thailand
3088:Zimbabwe
3029:Zimbabwe
2773:Zimbabwe
2479:Country
2019:(2014).
2011:(2009),
2007:(2006),
2003:(1985),
1990:intersex
1969:feminine
1892:and the
1883:Xinjiang
1792:and the
1767:Olympism
1655:Colorado
1628:Winnipeg
1624:Montreal
1513:European
1416:Olympism
1361:Boycotts
1180:(WADA).
1068:(OCOGs).
957:(ARISF).
950:(AIOWF).
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632:videos,
545:Chamonix
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355:Lausanne
263:olympics
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10709:Portals
10695:Commons
10043:Pacific
10028:African
10013:Related
9892:Mascots
9847:Symbols
9670:Nations
9573:Charter
9359:(kempo)
9293:(bowls)
9263:(arnis)
9222:(poker)
9216:(padel)
9172:former
9110:(kendo)
9074:(darts)
9026:(wushu)
8978:(sambo)
8864:(chess)
8858:(cheer)
8816:(bandy)
8460:ONOC –
8456:Oceania
8421:PASO –
8042:Members
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7754:25 July
7713:24 July
7654:8 March
7624:8 March
7592:8 March
7531:8 March
7500:8 March
7378:28 July
7353:28 July
6471:31 July
6441:24 July
6259:. CNN.
6025:5 April
5868:Reuters
5775:Reuters
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4614:Funding
4384:sport..
4010:3 March
4002:. IOC.
3752:(GAISF)
3728:(AISTS)
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3710:(AIOWF)
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3568:Burundi
3409:Austria
3000:Croatia
2974:Romania
2922:Belgium
2896:Ukraine
2870:Finland
2843:Country
2818:Belgium
2753:Finland
2568:Morocco
2503:Germany
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1931:, when
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10323:Winter
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9598:Medals
9254:Others
8996:(sumo)
8960:(polo)
8759:(luge)
8621:(judo)
8597:(golf)
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8443:Europe
8434:OCA –
8395:Africa
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4239:4 June
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2114:, and
1879:Uyghur
1875:abuses
1704:Nagano
1477:Winter
1472:Summer
1451:Venues
1431:Sports
1376:Doping
1271:, and
1245:asthma
798:Madrid
686:, and
663:, and
533:Athens
365:, and
363:Winter
359:Summer
297:Motto:
197:French
113:French
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9855:Flame
9786:Media
9730:youth
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9633:youth
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9363:FISLY
9333:ICFRA
9309:SJJIF
9279:ISBHF
9261:WEKAF
9174:GAISF
9162:FITEQ
9138:ISTAF
9132:FISav
8780:ARISF
8720:AIOWF
8510:ASOIF
8182:143rd
8177:142nd
8172:141st
8167:134th
8162:133rd
8157:132nd
8152:131st
8147:130th
8142:129th
8137:128th
8132:127th
8127:125th
8122:123rd
8117:121st
8112:117th
6349:(PDF)
6338:(PDF)
6223:S2CID
6185:S2CID
6133:S2CID
6095:S2CID
6011:S2CID
5924:S2CID
5807:Axios
5372:(PDF)
5365:(PDF)
5240:8 May
5049:(PDF)
5042:(PDF)
4943:(PDF)
4932:S2CID
4904:(PDF)
4820:1222.
4796:(PDF)
4789:(PDF)
4734:(PDF)
4727:(PDF)
4098:(PDF)
4091:(PDF)
4066:(PDF)
4059:(PDF)
3846:(PDF)
3835:(PDF)
3789:"IOC"
3740:(IPC)
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3071:(YOG)
3058:Aruba
2793:China
2673:Italy
2548:Spain
2528:Aruba
2146:Sochi
1828:Qatar
1723:Swiss
1508:Asian
1482:Youth
1464:Games
1396:Medal
1162:IOSFs
1126:OCOG.
669:Japan
665:Tokyo
619:Ouchy
367:Youth
308:Latin
10589:2028
10540:2030
9997:WWII
9875:Hymn
9865:Oath
9713:Bids
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9435:ITPF
9429:ITHF
9423:WSSA
9411:WSSF
9381:ORSI
9375:WMRA
9345:ATSX
9339:IGAA
9327:WDBF
9315:IFBA
9273:WBGF
9267:AFLC
9244:ITSF
9226:IPSF
9220:IFMP
9208:FISO
9202:IUKL
9196:IJRU
9190:FIFG
9156:CIPS
9150:ISTF
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9098:(go)
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9060:IFBB
9024:IWUF
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9012:FISU
9006:CMAS
9000:TWIF
8982:ISMF
8976:FIAS
8940:IFMA
8934:UIAA
8922:ILSF
8904:WAKO
8886:WFDF
8874:WDSF
8862:FIDE
8838:CMSB
8832:WCBS
8826:FIPV
8820:WBSC
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8751:IIHF
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8697:FIVB
8673:ITTF
8661:IFSC
8655:ISSF
8637:FISA
8625:UIPM
8589:FIFA
8571:WDSF
8553:FIBA
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8523:WAqu
8430:Asia
8100:13th
7941:2009
7923:ISBN
7896:2009
7883:ISBN
7862:ISBN
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7756:2024
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7410:2023
7380:2023
7355:2023
7322:2023
7292:2023
7261:2023
7193:2023
7163:2023
7136:2023
7105:2021
7089:ISSN
7064:2021
7032:2021
6999:2021
6967:2020
6937:2020
6906:2020
6875:2018
6845:2018
6814:2019
6783:2018
6757:2018
6726:2018
6700:2019
6669:2018
6639:2017
6613:2017
6581:2016
6555:2017
6529:2017
6503:2016
6473:2016
6443:2016
6417:2017
6405:WADA
6387:2017
6375:WADA
6357:2017
6342:WADA
6321:2013
6295:2013
6269:2013
6177:PMID
6027:2024
5965:PMID
5880:2021
5850:2021
5819:2021
5788:2021
5756:2022
5721:2022
5691:2022
5660:2019
5644:ISSN
5616:2019
5600:ISSN
5577:2019
5561:ISSN
5538:2019
5522:ISSN
5499:2019
5483:ISSN
5460:2019
5444:ISSN
5421:2008
5303:2016
5273:2016
5242:2012
5220:2011
5194:2011
5168:2009
5138:2009
5057:2008
5024:2009
5011:Time
4985:ISBN
4876:2023
4804:2021
4772:2021
4742:2016
4710:2023
4685:2023
4653:2023
4598:2011
4571:2011
4541:2011
4509:2011
4475:2011
4413:2009
4379:2016
4353:2019
4323:2024
4297:2019
4285:Time
4267:2016
4241:2012
4215:2016
4189:2012
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4128:2024
4106:2016
4074:2016
4042:2019
4012:2019
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3911:2016
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3336:IOC
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2375:2020
2038:and
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