9040:
using a formula that sets percentages of ownership. But Iraq refused to negotiate with Kuwait on such an agreement. So Kuwait produced oil from
Rumaila without any agreement, and then adopted a policy of producing far more oil than it was allowed under the quota system of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. ... But during the Iraq mined its giant share of the Rumaila field to keep it from falling into Iranian hands, Western political experts say. Kuwait stepped up its total oil production, capturing some of Iraq's customers and pumping millions of barrels from the Rumaila field. ... Some Iraqi officials have accused Kuwait in the past of using advanced drilling techniques developed by American oilfield specialists to siphon oil from the Rumaila field, a charge that American drillers deny, noting that the oil flows easily from the Rumaila field without any need for these techniques. ... W. C. Goins, senior vice president of OGE Drilling Inc., a Houston company that provided oilfield supervisors and workers for Kuwait in the same area, said he was 'positive' all of the wells his employees drilled and operated ran vertically down to the Rumaila pay zone. 'That field crosses the border in north Kuwait,' he added. 'Iraqis were drilling on one side, and Kuwaitis on the other side.'
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suffered no casualties. That same evening the Task Force identified an Iraqi mortar position and engaged it with both direct and indirect fires. The Iraqis continued probing operations against the Task Force for approximately two hours. For the next two days the Task Force observed Iraqi wheeled vehicles and small units move in front of them. Several times Iraqi mortars fired on Task Force 1–41 Infantry positions. On 18 February Iraqi mortar positions continued to conduct fire missions against the Task Force. The Task Force returned fire on the Iraqi positions with artillery fire from 4–3 FA and 1st
Infantry Division Artillery. During the Iraqi mortar attacks two American soldiers were wounded. Iraqi reconnaissance elements continued to patrol the area between the Task Force and the 1st Cavalry Division. VII Corps air units and artillery conducted combat operations against Iraqi defensive positions.
6033:
4546:
4127:
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5445:, the name given to the British military operations during the 1991 Gulf War. The British 1st Armoured Division had traveled 217 miles in 97 hours. The British 1st Armored Division had captured or destroyed about 300 Iraqi tanks and a very large number of armored personnel carriers, trucks, reconnaissance vehicles, etc. The Desert Rats also destroyed multiple Iraqi artillery positions. The division also took over 7,000 Iraqi prisoners of war including two division commanders and two other general officers. The British 1st Armoured Division destroyed or isolated four Iraqi infantry divisions (the 26th, 48th, 31st, and 25th) and overran the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division in several sharp engagements. The Iraqi 80th Armored Brigade would also fall victim to the British 1st Armoured Division.
5053:. Task Force 1–41 was the first coalition force to breach the Saudi Arabian border on 15 February 1991, and to conduct ground combat operations in Iraq engaging in direct and indirect fire fights with the enemy on 17 February 1991. Shortly after arrival in theatre Task Force 1–41 Infantry received a counter-reconnaissance mission. 1–41 Infantry was assisted by the 1st Squadron, 4th Armored Cavalry Regiment. This joint effort would become known as Task Force Iron. Counter-reconnaissance generally includes destroying or repelling the enemy's reconnaissance elements and denying their commander any observation of friendly forces. On 15 February 1991 4th Battalion of the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment fired on a trailer and a few trucks in the Iraqi sector observing American forces.
395:
5519:
threats from Scud missiles and chemical attacks. On 24 February 1991, the 1st and 2nd Marine
Divisions and the 1st Light Armored Infantry Battalion crossed into Kuwait and headed toward Kuwait City. They encountered trenches, barbed wire, and minefields. However, these positions were poorly defended, and were overrun in the first few hours. Several tank battles took place, but otherwise coalition troops encountered minimal resistance, as most Iraqi troops surrendered. The general pattern was that the Iraqis would put up a short fight before surrendering. However, Iraqi air defenses shot down nine US aircraft. Meanwhile, forces from Arab states advanced into Kuwait from the east, encountering little resistance and suffering few casualties.
7482:. Most of the press information came from briefings organized by the military. Only selected journalists were allowed to visit the front lines or conduct interviews with soldiers. Those visits were always conducted in the presence of officers, and were subject to both prior approval by the military and censorship afterward. This was ostensibly to protect sensitive information from being revealed to Iraq. This policy was heavily influenced by the military's experience with the Vietnam War, in which public opposition within the US grew throughout the war's course. It was not only the limitation of information in the Middle East; media were also restricting what was shown about the war with more graphic depictions like
5376:. The U.S.M.C. would often encounter the Iraqi 3rd Armored Division in their theater of operations. Once the 1st Marine Division reached Kuwait International Airport they found what remained of the Iraqi 12th Armored Brigade, 3rd Armored Division defending it. The Marines destroyed 30 to 40 Iraqi T-72 tanks which had taken up defensive positions around the airport. The Iraqi 3rd Armored Division losses included more than 250 T-55/62s and 70 T-72 tanks by the end of combat operations. The Iraqi 3rd Armored Division would be totally destroyed. The 2nd Marine Division played a major role repelling the attempted Iraqi invasion of Saudi Arabia which is known as the
2673:
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4161:
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3075:
6787:(GWS) or Gulf War illness (GWI). Common symptoms reported are chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, and gastrointestinal disorder. There has been widespread speculation and disagreement about the causes of the illness and the possibly related birth defects. Researchers found that infants born to male veterans of the 1991 war had higher rates of two types of heart valve defects. Some children born after the war to Gulf War veterans had a certain kidney defect that was not found in Gulf War veterans' children born before the war. Researchers have said that they did not have enough information to link birth defects with exposure to toxic substances.
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planned back into the Wadi al-Batin. Three US soldiers were killed and nine wounded, with one M2 Bradley IFV turret destroyed, but they had taken 40 prisoners and destroyed five tanks, and successfully deceived the Iraqis. This attack led the way for the XVIII Airborne Corps to sweep around behind the 1st Cav and attack Iraqi forces to the west. On 22 February 1991, Iraq agreed to a Soviet-proposed ceasefire agreement. The agreement called for Iraq to withdraw troops to pre-invasion positions within six weeks following a total ceasefire, and called for monitoring of the ceasefire and withdrawal to be overseen by the UN Security
Council.
94:
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538:
63:
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4828:, after two coalition Patriots failed to intercept it. Three elderly people suffered fatal heart attacks, another 96 people were injured, and 20 apartment buildings were damaged. After this attack, the Israelis warned that if the US failed to stop the attacks, they would. At one point, Israeli commandos boarded helicopters prepared to fly into Iraq, but the mission was called off after a phone call from US Defense Secretary Dick Cheney, reporting on the extent of coalition efforts to destroy Scuds and emphasizing that Israeli intervention could endanger US forces.
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stand-off attacks were conducted during the night and through to the next day. Iraqi vehicle losses included 357 tanks, 147 armored personnel carriers, and 89 mobile artillery pieces. Some crews simply abandoned their vehicles upon realizing that they could be destroyed by guided bombs, stopping the divisions from massing for an organized attack on the town. One Iraqi soldier, who had fought in the Iran–Iraq War, remarked that his brigade "had sustained more punishment from allied airpower in 30 minutes at Khafji than in eight years of fighting against Iran."
4135:
Lebanon, and "mutual withdrawals by Iraq and Iran and arrangement for the situation in Kuwait." He also called for a replacement of US troops that mobilized in Saudi Arabia in response to Kuwait's invasion with "an Arab force", as long as that force did not involve Egypt. Additionally, he requested an "immediate freeze of all boycott and siege decisions" and a general normalization of relations with Iraq. From the beginning of the crisis, President Bush was strongly opposed to any "linkage" between Iraq's occupation of Kuwait and the
Palestinian issue.
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4271:
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10 km (6.2 mi) into Iraqi territory, and captured their objective within three hours. They took 500 prisoners and inflicted heavy losses, defeating Iraq's 26th
Infantry Division. A US soldier was killed by an Iraqi land mine, another five by friendly fire, and 30 wounded during the battle. Meanwhile, British forces attacked Iraq's Medina Division and a major Republican Guard logistics base. In nearly two days of some of the war's most intense fighting, the British destroyed 40 enemy tanks and captured a division commander.
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83:
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systematically destroy or cripple Iraqi infrastructure and industry: electric power stations (92 percent of installed capacity destroyed), refineries (80 percent of production capacity), petrochemical complexes, telecommunications centers (including 135 telephone networks), bridges (more than 100), roads, highways, railroads, hundreds of locomotives and boxcars full of goods, radio and television broadcasting stations, cement plants, and factories producing aluminum, textiles, electric cables, and medical supplies.
474:
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5158:
played a significant role clearing the trenches and captured 160 Iraqi soldiers in the process. Once into Iraqi territory Task Force 1–41 Infantry encountered multiple Iraqi defensive positions and bunkers. These defensive positions were occupied by a brigade-sized element. Task Force 1–41 Infantry elements dismounted and prepared to engage the enemy soldiers who occupied these well-prepared and heavily fortified bunkers. The Task Force found itself engaged in six hours of combat in order to clear the extensive
6939:, the Iraqis totally lost heart and started to evacuate occupied Kuwait, but airpower halted the caravan of Iraqi Army and plunderers fleeing toward Basra. This event was later called by the media "The Highway of Death." There were certainly a lot of dead vehicles, but not so many dead Iraqis. They'd already learned to scamper off into the desert when our aircraft started to attack. Nevertheless, some people back home wrongly chose to believe we were cruelly and unusually punishing our already whipped foes.
461:
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487:
5294:. VII Corps fought a number of large battles against Iraqi forces. Some of them historical in scope and size. Three of the battles at Norfolk, Medina Ridge, and 73 Easting are considered among the largest tank battles in history. By the end of combat operations on 28 February 1991, U.S. VII Corps had driven 260 kilometres (160 mi), captured 22,000 Iraqi soldiers, and destroyed 1,350 Iraqi tanks, 1,224 armored personnel carriers, 285 artillery pieces, 105 air defense systems, and 1,229 trucks.
4835:, and one missile was fired at Bahrain and another at Qatar. The missiles were fired at both military and civilian targets. One Saudi civilian was killed, and 78 others were injured. No casualties were reported in Bahrain or Qatar. The Saudi government issued all its citizens and expatriates with gas masks in the event of Iraq using missiles with warheads containing chemical weapons. The government broadcast alerts and 'all clear' messages over television to warn citizens during Scud attacks.
4391:, displaced in a Sheraton hotel outside his invaded country, easily agreed. Baker then moved to enter talks with Egypt, whose leadership he considered "the moderate voice of the Middle East". President Mubarak of Egypt was furious with Saddam for his invasion of Kuwait, and for the fact that Saddam had assured Mubarak that an invasion was not his intention. Egypt received approximately $ 7 billion in debt forgiveness for its providing of support and troops for the US-led intervention.
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4046:, to review US options. It was determined that the conflict would likely spread into Saudi Arabia and other Persian Gulf states, but that the United States had little capability to defend the region. Furthermore, it was determined that a prolonged war in the region would induce much higher oil prices and threaten the fragile recovery of the world economy, which was just beginning to gain momentum. On 22 May 1984, President Reagan was briefed on the project conclusions in the
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7576:(GPS) units were relatively new at the time and were important in enabling coalition units to easily navigate across the desert. Since military GPS receivers were not available for most troops, many used commercially available units. To permit these to be used to best effect, the "selective availability" feature of the GPS system was turned off for the duration of Desert Storm, allowing these commercial receivers to provide the same precision as the military equipment.
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3813:
We know that you can harm us although we do not threaten you. But we too can harm you. Everyone can cause harm according to their ability and their size. We cannot come all the way to you in the United States, but individual Arabs may reach you ... We do not place
America among the enemies. We place it where we want our friends to be and we try to be friends. But repeated American statements last year made it apparent that America did not regard us as friends.
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5736:. However, when no US support came, Iraqi generals remained loyal to Saddam and brutally crushed the Kurdish uprising and the uprising in the south. Millions of Kurds fled across the mountains to Turkey and Kurdish areas of Iran. On April 5, the Iraqi government announced "the complete crushing of acts of sedition, sabotage and rioting in all towns of Iraq." An estimated 25,000 to 100,000 Iraqis were killed in the uprisings. These events later resulted in
448:
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conflict and in particular to the
Palestinian problem by convening, at an appropriate moment, an international conference" to assure "the security, stability and development of this region of the world." The French proposal was supported by Belgium (at the moment one of the rotating Council members), Germany, Spain, Italy, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and several non-aligned states. The US, the UK, and the Soviet Union rejected it; US Ambassador to the UN
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alpha particles emitted by its isotopes travel only a few centimeters in air or can be stopped by a sheet of paper. Also, the uranium-235 that remains in depleted uranium emits only a small amount of low-energy gamma radiation. However, if allowed to enter the body, depleted uranium, like natural uranium, has the potential for both chemical and radiological toxicity with the two important target organs being the kidneys and the lungs.
4870:
4430:
3712:. According to oil workers in the area, Iraq's slant drilling claim was fabricated, as "oil flows easily from the Rumaila field without any need for these techniques." At the same time, Saddam looked for closer ties with those Arab states that had supported Iraq in the war. This move was supported by the US, who believed that Iraqi ties with pro-Western Gulf states would help bring and maintain Iraq inside the US' sphere of influence.
6622:
1086:
1074:
850:
369:
3843:
655:
525:
330:
3242:, adopted on 29 November 1990, gave Iraq an ultimatum, expiring on 15 January 1991, to implement Resolution 660 and withdraw from Kuwait, with member-states empowered to use "all necessary means" to force Iraq's compliance. Initial efforts to dislodge the Iraqis from Kuwait began with aerial and naval bombardment of Iraq on 17 January, which continued for five weeks. As the Iraqi military struggled against the coalition attacks,
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3774:, including that policy moves were costing Iraq $ 1 billion a year, that Kuwait was still using the Rumaila oil field, and that loans made by the UAE and Kuwait could not be considered debts to its "Arab brothers". He threatened force against Kuwait and the UAE, saying: "The policies of some Arab rulers are American ... They are inspired by America to undermine Arab interests and security." The US sent
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3822:
Normally that would not be any of our business. But when this happens in the context of what you said on your national day, then when we read the details in the two letters of the
Foreign Minister, then when we see the Iraqi point of view that the measures taken by the UAE and Kuwait is, in the final analysis, parallel to military aggression against Iraq, then it would be reasonable for me to be concerned.
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14114:
breaking down sarin, the chance of GWI increased by 8.91 times. Those soldiers with both the RR genotype and low-level sarin exposure were over seven times more likely to get GWI due to the interaction per se, over and above the increase in risk from both risk factors acting alone. For genetic epidemiologists, this number leads to a high degree of confidence that sarin is a causative agent of GWI.
7380:(ODI) undertook a study in 1991 to assess the effects on developing states and the international community's response. A briefing paper finalized on the day that the conflict ended draws on their findings which had two main conclusions: Many developing states were severely affected and while there has been a considerable response to the crisis, the distribution of assistance was highly selective.
5179:
two brigade command posts and the command post of the Iraqi 26th
Infantry Division. The Task Force also captured a brigade commander, several battalion commanders, company commanders, and staff officers. As combat operations progressed Task Force 1–41 Infantry engaged at short range multiple dug in enemy tanks in ambush positions. For a few hours, bypassed Iraqi RPG-equipped anti-tank teams,
6103:, in the United Arab Emirates. During the 42 days of war, Italian fighters made 226 sorties for a total of 589 flight hours. The Italian Air Force recorded the loss of a single aircraft in the Gulf War. The use of Italian aircraft as part of the Desert Storm operation represented the first operational employment in combat missions of Italian Air Force aircraft since the end of World War II.
6719:(his remains were found and identified in August 2009). A further 145 Americans died in non-combat accidents. The UK suffered 47 deaths (nine to friendly fire, all by US forces), France nine, and the other countries, not including Kuwait, suffered 37 deaths (18 Saudis, one Egyptian, six UAE and three Qataris). At least 605 Kuwaiti soldiers were still missing 10 years after their capture.
5503:
5640:
to flee westward and prevented the escape of Iraqi forces. The 101st Airborne Division travelled a further 80 to 100 km (50 to 60 mi) into Iraq. By nightfall, the 101st cut off Highway 8 which was a vital supply line running between Basra and the Iraqi forces. The 101st had lost 16 soldiers in action during the 100-hour war and captured thousands of enemy prisoners of war.
8226:
7640:, which also sent Patriot missiles to protect civilians in Israel and Turkey, later disputed the higher claim. Further, there is at least one incident of a software error causing a Patriot missile's failure to engage an incoming Scud, resulting in deaths. Both the US Army and the missile manufacturers maintained the Patriot delivered a "miracle performance" in the Gulf War.
4150:
Iraq to "gain full control of the Rumaila oil field that extends slightly into Kuwaiti territory". The proposal also "include offers to negotiate an oil agreement with the United States 'satisfactory to both nations' national security interests,' develop a joint plan 'to alleviate Iraq's economical and financial problems' and 'jointly work on the stability of the gulf.'"
5196:
6244:, causing the deaths of 408 Iraqi civilians in the shelter. Scenes of burned and mutilated bodies were subsequently broadcast, and controversy arose over the bunker's status, with some stating that it was a civilian shelter, while others contended that it was a center of Iraqi military operations, and that the civilians had been deliberately moved there to act as
3891:
484 combat aircraft and 232 combat helicopters. According to Michael Knights, a high estimate shows the Iraqi Army capable of fielding one million troops and 850,000 reservists, 5,500 tanks, 3,000 artillery pieces, 700 combat aircraft and helicopters; it held 53 divisions, 20 special-forces brigades, and several regional militias, and had a strong air defense.
4091:, condemning the invasion and demanding a withdrawal of Iraqi troops. On 3 August 1990, the Arab League passed its own resolution, which called for a solution to the conflict from within the league, and warned against outside intervention. Iraq and Libya were the only two Arab League states that opposed the resolution for Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait; the
5795:, he faced a population divided between those who stayed and those who fled, a government straining to reassert control and a rejuvenated opposition that is pressing for greater democracy and other postwar changes, including voting rights for women. Democracy advocates had been calling for restoration of Parliament that the Emir had suspended in 1986.
4232:. Control of these fields, along with Kuwaiti and Iraqi reserves, would have given Saddam control over the majority of the world's oil reserves. Iraq also had a number of grievances with Saudi Arabia. The Saudis had lent Iraq some 26 billion dollars during its war with Iran. The Saudis had backed Iraq in that war, as they feared the influence of
5560:
lines to gather intelligence on the movements of Scud mobile missile launchers, which could not be detected from the air, as they were hidden under bridges and camouflage netting during the day. Other objectives included the destruction of the launchers and their fiber-optic communications arrays that lay in pipelines and relayed coordinates to the
10613:
3754:
5246:
operations resulted in the destruction of 50 enemy tanks, 139 APCs, 30 air defense systems, 152 artillery pieces, 27 missile launchers, 108 mortars, and 548 wheeled vehicles, 61 trench lines and bunker positions, 92 dug in and open infantry targets, and 34 logistical sites. The ground campaign consisted of three or possibly four of the largest
6053:. Initially, the French operated independently under national command and control, but coordinated closely with the Americans (via CENTCOM) and Saudis. In January, the Division was placed under the tactical control of the XVIII Airborne Corps. France also deployed several combat aircraft and naval units. The French called their contribution
4426:(which was brokered essentially by the United States) prohibited military involvement outside Germany's borders, Kohl committed a two billion dollar contribution to the coalition's war effort, as well as further economic and military support of coalition ally Turkey, and the transportation of Egyptian soldiers and ships to the Persian Gulf.
5150:
Iraqi outposts and patrols belonging to the Iraqi 26th Infantry Division. The two divisions also began capturing prisoners. The 1st Infantry Division cleared a zone between Phase Line Vermont and Phase Line Kansas. Once the 1st Infantry Division's 3rd Battalion, 37th Armor reached the Iraqi rear defensive positions it destroyed an Iraqi
5523:
was preceded by a heavy artillery and rocket barrage, after which 150,000 troops and 1,500 tanks began their advance. Iraqi forces in Kuwait counterattacked against US troops, acting on a direct order from Saddam Hussein himself. Despite the intense combat, the Americans repulsed the Iraqis and continued to advance towards Kuwait City.
5729:. The rebellions were encouraged by an airing of "The Voice of Free Iraq" on 24 February 1991, which was broadcast from a CIA-run radio station out of Saudi Arabia. The Arabic service of the Voice of America supported the uprising by stating that the rebellion was well supported, and that they would soon be liberated from Saddam.
5384:. The battle featured the "Reveille Engagement" which went on to become the largest tank battle in United States Marine Corps' entire history. Marine Reserve unit Bravo Company, 4th Tank Battalion, 4th Marine division was assigned to the 2nd Marine Division. Bravo Company destroyed a total of 119 enemy vehicles and took over 800
6795:, summarized testimony this committee had received establishing that the U.S. had in the 1980s supplied Saddam Hussein with chemical and biological warfare technology, that Saddam had used such chemical weapons against Iran and his own native Kurds, and possibly against U.S. soldiers as well, plausibly contributing to the GWS.
3967:, or had escaped to Saudi Arabia. The Emir and key ministers fled south along the highway for refuge in Saudi Arabia. Iraqi ground forces consolidated their control of Kuwait City, then headed south and redeployed along the Saudi border. After the decisive Iraqi victory, Saddam initially installed a puppet regime known as the "
7364:
Persian Gulf; $ 16 billion by Germany and Japan (which sent no combat forces due to their constitutions). About 25% of Saudi Arabia's contribution was paid with in-kind services to the troops, such as food and transportation. US troops represented about 74% of the combined force, and the global cost was therefore higher.
4696:, were surprisingly ineffective against enemy aircraft, and the coalition suffered only 75 aircraft losses in over 100,000 sorties, 44 due to Iraqi action. Two of these losses are the result of aircraft colliding with the ground while evading Iraqi ground-fired weapons. One of these losses is a confirmed air-air victory.
4756:. Approximately 230 Israelis were injured. Extensive property damage was also caused, and, according to the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, "Damage to general property consisted of 1,302 houses, 6,142 apartments, 23 public buildings, 200 shops and 50 cars." It was feared that Iraq would fire missiles filled with
103:
10621:
5145:
Division with the 1st Battalion, 5th Cavalry, 1st Battalion, 32nd Armor, and the 1st Battalion, 8th Cavalry destroyed Iraqi bunkers and combat vehicles in the sector of the Iraqi 25th Infantry Division. On 24 February 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division rolled through the breach in the Iraqi defense west of
4095:(PLO) opposed it as well. The Arab states of Yemen and Jordan – a Western ally which bordered Iraq and relied on the country for economic support – opposed military intervention from non-Arab states. Separately, Sudan, also an Arab League member, aligned itself with Saddam.
8124:
US General Accounting Office, 10 January 1992. Quote: "According to information provided by the Army's Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, 20 Bradleys were destroyed during the Gulf war. Another 12 Bradleys were damaged, but four of these were quickly repaired. Friendly fire
7558:
were heralded as key in allowing military strikes to be made with a minimum of civilian casualties compared to previous wars, although they were not used as often as more traditional, less accurate bombs. Specific buildings in downtown Baghdad could be bombed while journalists in their hotels watched
6986:
reported, "Bradley Fighting Vehicles and Vulcan armored carriers straddled the trench lines and fired into the Iraqi soldiers as the tanks covered them with mounds of sand. 'I came through right after the lead company,' Moreno said. 'What you saw was a bunch of buried trenches with peoples' arms and
6976:
mounted on tanks and combat earthmovers to simply plow over and bury alive the defending Iraqi soldiers. Not a single American was killed during the attack. Reporters were banned from witnessing the attack, near the neutral zone that touches the border between Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Every American in
6888:
effects. Many have cited its use during the war as a contributing factor to a number of major health issues in veterans and in surrounding civilian populations, including in birth defects and child cancer rates. Scientific opinion on the risk is mixed. In 2004, Iraq had the highest mortality rate due
5853:
took part in de-mining Kuwait's port facilities following the end of combat operations. Australian forces experienced a number of incidents in the first number of weeks of the Desert Storm Campaign including the detection of significant air threats from Iraq as a part of the outer perimeter of Battle
5817:
Coalition members included Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Honduras, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal,
5056:
On 16 February 1991 several groups of Iraqi vehicles appeared to be performing reconnaissance on the Task Force and were driven away by fire from 4–3 FA. Another enemy platoon, including six vehicles, was reported as being to the northeast of the Task Force. They were engaged with artillery fire from
4586:
Among many other means of influencing US opinion, such as distributing books on Iraqi atrocities to US soldiers deployed in the region, "Free Kuwait" T-shirts and speakers to college campuses, and dozens of video news releases to television stations, the firm arranged for an appearance before a group
4138:
On 23 August, Saddam appeared on state television with Western hostages to whom he had refused exit visas. In the video, he asks a young British boy, Stuart Lockwood, whether he is getting his milk, and goes on to say, through his interpreter, "We hope your presence as guests here will not be for too
3890:
By 1988, at the end of the Iran–Iraq war, the Iraqi Army was the world's fourth largest army, consisting of 955,000 standing soldiers and 650,000 paramilitary forces in the Popular Army. According to John Childs and André Corvisier, a low estimate shows the Iraqi Army capable of fielding 4,500 tanks,
3821:
I know you need funds. We understand that and our opinion is that you should have the opportunity to rebuild your country. But we have no opinion on the Arab-Arab conflicts, like your border disagreement with Kuwait ... Frankly, we can only see that you have deployed massive troops in the south.
3695:
quotas for oil production. In order for the cartel to maintain its desired price of $ 18 per barrel, discipline was required. The United Arab Emirates and Kuwait were consistently overproducing; the latter at least in part to repair losses caused by Iranian attacks in the Iran–Iraq War and to pay for
3246:
to provoke an Israeli military response, with the expectation that such a response would lead to the withdrawal of several Muslim-majority countries from the coalition. The provocation was unsuccessful; Israel did not retaliate and Iraq continued to remain at odds with most Muslim-majority countries.
7387:
International response to the crisis on developing states came with the channeling of aid through The Gulf Crisis Financial Co-ordination Group. They were 24 states, comprising most of the OECD countries plus some Gulf states: Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Kuwait. The members of this
7100:
have both alleged that they were tortured during this time. Nichol and Peters were forced to make statements against the war on television. Members of British Special Air Service Bravo Two Zero were captured while providing information about an Iraqi supply line of Scud missiles to coalition forces.
7087:
During the conflict, coalition aircrew shot down over Iraq were displayed as prisoners of war on TV, most with visible signs of abuse. Amongst several testimonies to poor treatment, USAF Captain Richard Storr was allegedly tortured by Iraqis during the Persian Gulf War. Iraqi secret police broke his
7022:
due to harassment and intimidation by Iraqi security forces, in addition to getting fired from work by Iraqi authority figures in Kuwait. After the Gulf War, the Kuwaiti authorities forcibly pressured nearly 200,000 Palestinians to leave Kuwait in 1991. Kuwait's policy, which led to this exodus, was
6999:
alleges that US forces attempted to cover up the incident. After the incident, the commander of the 1st Brigade said: "I know burying people like that sounds pretty nasty, but it would be even nastier if we had to put our troops in the trenches and clean them out with bayonets." Secretary of Defense
6896:
Depleted uranium has 40% less radioactivity than natural uranium, but the negative effects should not be overlooked. Depleted uranium is not a significant health hazard unless it is taken into the body. External exposure to radiation from depleted uranium is generally not a major concern because the
6224:
led to controversy over the number of civilian deaths caused during Desert Storm's initial stages. Within Desert Storm's first 24 hours, more than 1,000 sorties were flown, many against targets in Baghdad. The city was the target of heavy bombing, as it was the seat of power for Saddam and the Iraqi
5771:
And the final point that I think needs to be made is this question of casualties. I don't think you could have done all of that without significant additional US casualties, and while everybody was tremendously impressed with the low cost of the (1991) conflict, for the 146 Americans who were killed
5643:
The French force quickly overcame Iraq's 45th Infantry Division, suffering light casualties and taking a large number of prisoners, and took up blocking positions to prevent an Iraqi counterattack on the coalition's flank. The movement's right flank was protected by the United Kingdom's 1st Armoured
5585:
took place inside Iraq; this was the first of two attacks by 1 Battalion 5th Cavalry of the 1st Cavalry Division. It was a feint attack, designed to make the Iraqis think that a coalition invasion would take place from the south. The Iraqis fiercely resisted, and the Americans eventually withdrew as
5559:
The war's ground phase was officially designated Operation Desert Saber. The first units to move into Iraq were three patrols of the British Special Air Service's B squadron, call signs Bravo One Zero, Bravo Two Zero, and Bravo Three Zero, in late January. These eight-man patrols landed behind Iraqi
5186:
The 1st Infantry Division's Task Force 2–16 Infantry cleared four lanes simultaneously through an enemy fortified trench system while inflicting heavy casualties on Iraqi forces. Task Force 2–16 continued the attack clearing over 21 km (13 mi) of entrenched enemy positions resulting in the
4751:
The Scud missiles targeting Israel were relatively ineffective, as firing at extreme range resulted in a dramatic reduction in accuracy and payload. Two Israeli civilians died as a direct result of the missile attacks. Between 11 and 74 were killed from incorrect use of gas masks, heart attacks, and
4743:
not to retaliate and withdraw Israeli jets, fearing that if Israel attacked Iraq, the other Arab states would either desert the coalition or join Iraq. It was also feared that if Israel used Syrian or Jordanian airspace to attack Iraq, they would intervene in the war on Iraq's side or attack Israel.
4449:
A coalition of forces opposing Iraq's aggression was formed, consisting of forces from 42 countries: Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Honduras, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Morocco, the Netherlands, New
4379:
and Arab League resolutions were passed regarding Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Resolution 678, passed on 29 November 1990, gave Iraq a withdrawal deadline until 15 January 1991 and authorized "all necessary means to uphold and implement Resolution 660", and a diplomatic formulation authorizing the use
3833:
On 26 July 1990, only a few days before the Iraqi invasion, OPEC officials said that Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates had agreed to a proposal to limit their oil output to 1.5 million barrels (240,000 m) per day, "down from the nearly 2 million barrels a day they had each been pumping,"
9039:
Oil formations frequently run beneath political boundaries, whether they involve unfriendly leaseholders in West Texas or neighboring Arab states, and procedures have existed for years to settle disputes that arise. Typically, participants in the same field share both production costs and revenues,
7383:
The ODI factored in elements of "cost" which included oil imports, remittance flows, re-settlement costs, loss of export earnings and tourism. For Egypt, the cost totaled $ 1 billion, 3% of GDP. Yemen had a cost of $ 830 million, 10% of GDP, while it cost Jordan $ 1.8 billion, 32% of
6753:
While the death toll among coalition forces engaging Iraqi combatants was very low, a substantial number of deaths were caused by accidental attacks from other Allied units. Of the 148 US troops who died in battle, 24% were killed by friendly fire, a total of 35 service personnel. A further 11 died
5661:
The coalition's advance was much swifter than US generals had expected. On 26 February, Iraqi troops began retreating from Kuwait, after they had set 737 of its oil wells on fire. A long convoy of retreating Iraqi troops formed along the main Iraq–Kuwait highway. Although they were retreating, this
5639:
conducted a combat air assault into enemy territory. The 101st Airborne Division had struck 249 km (155 mi) behind enemy lines. It was the deepest air assault operation in history. Approximately 400 helicopters transported 2,000 soldiers into Iraq where they destroyed Iraqi columns trying
5531:
and President Bush declared it liberated. However, an Iraqi unit at Kuwait International Airport appeared not to have received the message and fiercely resisted. US Marines had to fight for hours before securing the airport, after which Kuwait was declared secure. After four days of fighting, Iraqi
5522:
Despite the successes of coalition forces, it was feared that the Iraqi Republican Guard would escape into Iraq before it could be destroyed. It was decided to send British armored forces into Kuwait 15 hours ahead of schedule, and to send US forces after the Republican Guard. The coalition advance
5448:
Iraq was represented mostly by its own VII Corps and its Jihad Corps. Its most notable participants were its elite Republican Guard Divisions Tawakalna, Medina, Hammurabi, and Adnan. The first three of these had a strength of over 660 tanks, 660 infantry fighting vehicles, and thousands of antitank
5388:
by the end of combat operations. The 1st Tank Battalion claimed 50 Iraqi T-55 and T-62 tanks and 25 APCs. The 3rd Battalion claimed 57 T-55s and T-62s along with 5 T-72s, 7 APCs, and 10 trucks. The 8th Battalion destroyed more than three dozen tanks and a number of other vehicles. U.S. Marine Corps
5178:
assets. A series of battles unfolded resulting in heavy Iraqi casualties and the Iraqis being removed from their defensive positions with many becoming prisoners of war. Some escaped to be killed or captured by other coalition forces. In the process of clearing the bunkers, Task Force 1–41 captured
4725:
Iraq's government made no secret that it would attack Israel if invaded. Prior to the war's start, in the aftermath of the failed US–Iraq peace talks in Geneva, Switzerland, a reporter asked Iraq's English-speaking Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz: "Mr. Foreign Minister, if war
4631:
of three brothers, after which their bodies were stacked and left to decay in a public street. Iraqi troops also ransacked and looted private Kuwaiti homes; one residence was repeatedly defecated in. A resident later commented: "The whole thing was violence for the sake of violence, destruction for
4598:
The story helped tip both the public and Congress towards a war with Iraq: six Congressmen said the testimony was enough for them to support military action against Iraq and seven Senators referenced the testimony in debate. The Senate supported the military actions in a 52–47 vote. However, a year
4494:
made the first of several visits to Saudi Arabia where King Fahd requested US military assistance. During a speech in a special joint session of the US Congress given on 11 September 1990, Bush summed up the reasons with the following remarks: "Within three days, 120,000 Iraqi troops with 850 tanks
3908:
Iraqi commandos infiltrated the Kuwaiti border first to prepare for the major units, which began the attack at midnight. The Iraqi attack had two prongs, with the primary attack force driving south straight for Kuwait City down the main highway, and a supporting attack force entering Kuwait farther
3812:
So what can it mean when America says it will now protect its friends? It can only mean prejudice against Iraq. This stance plus maneuvers and statements which have been made has encouraged the UAE and Kuwait to disregard Iraqi rights ... If you use pressure, we will deploy pressure and force.
14113:
For Gulf War veterans with the QQ genotype, hearing nerve agent alarms—a proxy for chemical exposure—raised their chance of developing GWI by 3.75 times. For those with the QR genotype, the alarms raised their chance of GWI by 4.43 times. And for those with two copies of the R gene, inefficient at
6790:
In 1994, the US Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs with Respect to Export Administration published a report entitled, "U.S. Chemical and Biological Warfare-Related Dual Use Exports to Iraq and their Possible Impact on the Health Consequences of the Gulf War". This publication,
5775:
And the question in my mind is, how many additional American casualties is Saddam worth? And the answer is, not that damned many. So, I think we got it right, both when we decided to expel him from Kuwait, but also when the President made the decision that we'd achieved our objectives and we were
5688:
In coalition-occupied Iraqi territory, a peace conference was held where a ceasefire agreement was negotiated and signed by both sides. At the conference, Iraq was authorized to fly armed helicopters on their side of the temporary border, ostensibly for government transit due to the damage done to
5518:
US decoy attacks by air attacks and naval gunfire the night before Kuwait's liberation were designed to make the Iraqis believe the main coalition ground attack would focus on central Kuwait. For months, American units in Saudi Arabia had been under almost constant Iraqi artillery fire, as well as
5157:
Task Force 1–41 Infantry was given the task of breaching Iraq's initial defensive positions along the Iraq–Saudi Arabia border. The 1st Squadron, 4th Armored Cavalry Regiment handled similar responsibilities in its sector of operations. The 1st Infantry Division's 5th Battalion, 16th Infantry also
5149:
and also cleared the northeastern sector of the breach site of enemy resistance. Task Force 3–37th Armor breached the Iraqi defense clearing four passage lanes and expanding the gap under direct enemy fire. Also on 24 February the 1st Infantry Division along with the 1st Cavalry Division destroyed
4768:
to its citizens. When the first Iraqi missiles hit Israel, some people injected themselves with an antidote for nerve gas. It has been suggested that the sturdy construction techniques used in Israeli cities, coupled with the fact that Scuds were only launched at night, played an important role in
4476:
Many of the coalition countries were reluctant to commit military forces. Some felt that the war was an internal Arab affair or did not want to increase US influence in the Middle East. In the end, however, many governments were persuaded by Iraq's belligerence towards other Arab states, offers of
4149:
by an unidentified Iraqi official. The official communicated to the White House that Iraq would "withdraw from Kuwait and allow foreigners to leave" provided that the UN lifted sanctions, allowed "guaranteed access to the Persian Gulf through the Kuwaiti islands of Bubiyan and Warbah", and allowed
7363:
The cost of the war to the United States was calculated by the US Congress in April 1992 to be $ 61.1 billion (equivalent to $ 119 billion in 2023). About $ 52 billion of that amount was paid by other countries: $ 36 billion by Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and other Arab states of the
7346:
had been placed in areas around the oil wells, and a military cleaning of the areas was necessary before the fires could be put out. Somewhere around 6 million barrels (950,000 m) of oil were lost each day. Eventually, privately contracted crews extinguished the fires, at a total cost of US$
7057:
Many of the targets were chosen only secondarily to contribute to the military defeat of Iraq ... Military planners hoped the bombing would amplify the economic and psychological impact of international sanctions on Iraqi society ... They deliberately did great harm to Iraq's ability to
6327:, estimated that "at least 65,000 Iraqi soldiers were killed". A figure was supported by Israeli sources who speak of "one to two hundred thousand Iraqi casualties." Most of the killing "took place during the ground war. Fleeing soldiers were bombed with a device known as a 'fuel-air explosive.'"
5576:
of the 1st Cavalry Division of the US Army performed a direct attack into Iraq on 15 February 1991, followed by one in force on 20 February that led directly through seven Iraqi divisions which were caught off guard. On 17 January 1991 the 101st Airborne Division Aviation Regiment fired the first
5564:
operators launching attacks against Israel. The operations were designed to prevent any possible Israeli intervention. Due to lack of sufficient ground cover to carry out their assignment, One Zero and Three Zero abandoned their operations, while Two Zero remained, and was later compromised, with
5481:
The Iraqis suffered the loss of over 3,000 tanks and over 2,000 other combat vehicles during these battles against the American-led coalition. It is estimated that Iraqi forces suffered 20,000–50,000 troops killed during combat operations. It is also estimated that over 75,000 Iraqi soldiers were
4812:
Coalition air forces were also extensively exercised in "Scud hunts" in the Iraqi desert, trying to locate the camouflaged trucks before they fired their missiles at Israel or Saudi Arabia. On the ground, special operations forces also infiltrated Iraq, tasked with locating and destroying Scuds –
4485:
The US and the UN gave several public justifications for involvement in the conflict, the most prominent being the Iraqi violation of Kuwaiti territorial integrity. In addition, the US moved to support its ally Saudi Arabia, whose importance in the region, and as a key supplier of oil, made it of
4118:
The US administration had at first been indecisive with an "undertone ... of resignation to the invasion and even adaptation to it as a fait accompli" until the UK's prime minister Margaret Thatcher played a powerful role, reminding the President that appeasement in the 1930s had led to war, that
6810:
link between GWS and exposure to low levels of the nerve agent sarin, which was released into the air by coalition bombing of Iraqi chemical weapons facilities. Significantly, the study found an increased incidence of GWS not only among veterans who recounted hearing nerve agent alarms, but also
5647:
Unlike many previous engagements, the destruction of the first Iraqi tanks did not result in a mass surrender. The Iraqis suffered massive losses and lost dozens of tanks and vehicles, while US casualties were comparatively low, with a single Bradley knocked out. Coalition forces pressed another
5589:
The coalition rejected the proposal, but said that retreating Iraqi forces would not be attacked, and gave 24 hours for Iraq to withdraw its forces. On 23 February, fighting resulted in the capture of 500 Iraqi soldiers. On 24 February, British and American armored forces crossed the Iraq–Kuwait
5245:
A 90,000 round artillery preparation fire on Iraqi defensive positions preceded the major ground assault, lasting 2.5 hours. 1st Infantry Division Artillery, which included 4-3 FA battalion, was decisive during artillery combat operations performing multiple raids and fire missions. These combat
5065:
at the Iraqi formation destroying one tank. The rest of the formation was destroyed or driven away by artillery fire from 4–3 FA. On 17 February 1991 the Task Force took enemy mortar fire, but the enemy forces managed to escape. Later that evening the Task Force received enemy artillery fire but
4997:
The Battle of Khafji was an example of how air power could single-handedly hinder the advance of enemy ground forces. Upon learning of Iraqi troop movements, 140 coalition aircraft were diverted to attack an advancing column consisting of two armored divisions in battalion-sized units. Precision
4262:
policy, and out of fear the Iraqi Army could launch an invasion of Saudi Arabia, US President George H. W. Bush quickly announced that the US would launch a "wholly defensive" mission to prevent Iraq from invading Saudi Arabia, under the codename Operation Desert Shield. The operation began on 7
4059:
and, if necessary, released early if the oil market was disrupted; second, the United States needed to beef up the security of friendly Arab states in the region; and third, an embargo should be placed on sales of military equipment to Iran and Iraq. The plan was approved by President Reagan and
3996:
After the invasion, the Iraqi military looted over $ 1 billion in banknotes from Kuwait's Central Bank. At the same time, Saddam Hussein made the Kuwaiti dinar equal to the Iraqi dinar, thereby lowering the Kuwaiti currency to one-twelfth of its original value. In response, Sheikh Jaber al-Ahmad
3628:
to prevent Iran from forcing a surrender. In a US bid to open full diplomatic relations with Iraq, the country was removed from the US list of State Sponsors of Terrorism. Ostensibly, this was because of improvement in the regime's record, although former US Assistant Defense Secretary Noel Koch
6931:
reporter Maureen Dowd wrote, "With the Iraqi leader facing military defeat, Mr. Bush decided that he would rather gamble on a violent and potentially unpopular ground war than risk the alternative: an imperfect settlement hammered out by the Soviets and Iraqis that world opinion might accept as
5440:
The British 1st Armoured Division was responsible for protecting the right flank of VII Corps. It was assumed by the Corps' planners the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division would counterattack VII Corps once their penetration into Iraqi defenses was discovered. The British 1st Armoured Division had two
4383:
To ensure that the US received economic backing, James Baker went on an 11-day journey to nine countries in September 1990, which the press dubbed "The Tin Cup Trip". The first stop was Saudi Arabia, which a month before had already granted permission to the United States to use its facilities.
7804:) or as January 1991 (the start of Operation Desert Storm, when the US-led coalition forced Iraq out of Kuwait), so that the war is also often called the 1991 Gulf War, the 1990–1991 Gulf War, the 1990s Gulf War, etc ... This dating is also used to distinguish it from the other two 'Gulf Wars'.
7788:(1980–1988) is referred to as the First (Persian) Gulf War (English language sources prior to the start of the Kuwait war in 1990 usually called it the Gulf War), which would make the 1990 war the Second (Persian) Gulf War. Different sources may call the conflicts by different names. The name '
6312:
A United Nations report in March 1991 described the effect on Iraq of the US-led bombing campaign as "near apocalyptic", bringing back Iraq to the "pre-industrial age." The exact number of Iraqi combat casualties is unknown, but is believed to have been heavy. Some estimate that Iraq sustained
5666:. Thousands of Iraqi troops were killed. American, British, and French forces continued to pursue retreating Iraqi forces over the border and back into Iraq, eventually moving to within 240 km (150 mi) of Baghdad, before withdrawing back to Iraq's border with Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
5265:
The U.S. VII Corps was the primary combat formation of the coalition forces. It was a formidable fighting force consisting of 1,487 tanks, 1,384 infantry fighting vehicles, 568 artillery pieces, 132 MLRS, 8 missile launchers, and 242 attack helicopters. It had a total troop strength of 146,321
5144:
On 24 February 1991 the 1st Cavalry Division conducted a couple artillery missions against Iraqi artillery units. One artillery mission struck a series of Iraqi bunkers, reinforced by Iraqi T-55 tanks, in the sector of the Iraqi 25th Infantry Division. The same day the 2nd Brigade, 1st Cavalry
4729:
Five hours after the first attacks, Iraq's state radio broadcast declared that "The dawn of victory nears as this great showdown begins." Iraq fired eight missiles the next day. These missile attacks were to continue throughout the war. Iraq fired 88 Scud missiles during the war's seven weeks.
4197:
On 14 January 1991, France proposed that the UN Security Council call for "a rapid and massive withdrawal" from Kuwait along with a statement to Iraq that Council members would bring their "active contribution" to a settlement of the region's other problems, "in particular, of the Arab–Israeli
4134:
On 12 August 1990, Saddam "propose that all cases of occupation, and those cases that have been portrayed as occupation, in the region, be resolved simultaneously". Specifically, he called for Israel to withdraw from occupied territories in Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon, Syria to withdraw from
7070:
he Iraqi people, who were not consulted about the invasion, have paid the price for their government's madness ... Iraqis understood the legitimacy of a military action to drive their army from Kuwait, but they have had difficulty comprehending the Allied rationale for using air power to
6266:
study released in June 1991 predicted that there would be tens of thousands of additional Iraqi civilian deaths by the end of 1991 due to the "public health catastrophe" caused by the destruction of the country's electrical generating capacity. "Without electricity, hospitals cannot function,
6145:
in Saudi Arabia and Naval Air Squadrons from various vessels in the Persian Gulf. The United Kingdom played a major role in the Battle of Norfolk, where its forces destroyed over 200 Iraqi tanks and a large quantity of other vehicles. After 48 hours of combat the British 1st Armoured Division
5111:
By the end of these raids Iraqi artillery assets had all but ceased to exist. One Iraqi unit that was totally destroyed during the preparation was the Iraqi 48th Infantry Division Artillery Group. The group's commander stated his unit lost 83 of its 100 guns to the artillery preparation. This
5098:
Task Force 1–41 Infantry was the first coalition force to breach the Saudi Arabian border on 15 February 1991 and conduct ground combat operations in Iraq engaging in direct and indirect fire fights with the enemy on 17 February 1991. Prior to this action the Task Force's primary fire support
4114:
to enforce the sanctions. It said the "use of measures commensurate to the specific circumstances as may be necessary ... to halt all inward and outward maritime shipping in order to inspect and verify their cargoes and destinations and to ensure strict implementation of resolution 661."
6926:
aircraft observed the retreating forces and relayed the information to the DDM-8 air operations center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. These vehicles and the retreating soldiers were subsequently attacked by two A-10 aircraft, resulting in a 60 kilometres (37 mi) stretch of highway strewn with
3601:
3731:
Iraq's relations with its Arab neighbors, particularly Egypt, were degraded by mounting violence in Iraq against expatriate groups, who were well-employed during the war, by unemployed Iraqis, among them demobilized soldiers. These events drew little notice outside the Arab world because of
4624:, which had originally promoted an account alleging even greater numbers of babies torn from incubators than the original fake testimony. After finding no evidence to support it, the organization issued a retraction. President Bush then repeated the incubator allegations on television.
4450:
Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. It was the largest coalition since
5644:
Division. Once the allies had penetrated deep into Iraqi territory, they turned eastward, launching a flank attack against the elite Republican Guard before it could escape. The Iraqis resisted fiercely from dug-in positions and stationary vehicles, and even mounted armored charges.
5790:
returned to Kuwait, staying at the private home of a wealthy Kuwaiti as his own palace had been destroyed. He was met with a symbolic arrival with several dozens cars filled with people honking their horns and waving Kuwaiti flags who tried to follow the Emir's convoy. According to
5124:
and B-52 bombers conducted raids against Iraq's 110th Infantry Brigade. The 1st Engineer Battalion and 9th Engineer Battalion marked and proofed assault lanes under direct and indirect enemy fire to secure a foothold in enemy territory and pass the 1st Infantry Division and the
4185:
Ultimately, the US and UK stuck to their position that there would be no negotiations until Iraq withdrew from Kuwait and that they should not grant Iraq concessions, lest they give the impression that Iraq benefited from its military campaign. Also, when US Secretary of State
3829:
According to Glaspie's own account, she stated in reference to the precise border between Kuwait and Iraq, "... that she had served in Kuwait 20 years before; 'then, as now, we took no position on these Arab affairs'." Glaspie similarly believed that war was not imminent.
6280:, which stated that the "IST survey probably understated the level of child mortality that prevailed during 1985–1990 and overstated the level during 1991." According to this study, "there was no major rise in child mortality in Iraq after 1990". A report published in 2002 by
7496:
Alternative media outlets provided views opposing the war. Deep Dish Television compiled segments from independent producers in the US and abroad, and produced a 10-hour series that was distributed internationally, called The Gulf Crisis TV Project. The series' first program
5262:. The U.S. 3rd Armored Division also fought a significant battle at Objective Dorset not far from where the Battle of Norfolk was taking place. The U.S. 3rd Armored Division destroyed approximately 300 enemy combat vehicles during this particular encounter with Iraqi forces.
6251:
Saddam's government gave high civilian casualty to draw support from Islamic countries. The Iraqi government claimed that 2,300 civilians died during the air campaign. According to the Project on Defense Alternatives study, 3,664 Iraqi civilians were killed in the conflict.
3867:
The result of the Jeddah talks was an Iraqi demand for $ 10 billion to cover the lost revenues from Rumaila; Kuwait offered $ 500 million. The Iraqi response was to immediately order an invasion, which started on 2 August 1990 with the bombing of Kuwait's capital,
6275:
by researchers known as the International Study Team (IST), child mortality increased threefold as a result of the war, with 46,900 children under the age of 5 dying between January and August 1991. However, these figures have been challenged by a 2017 study published in
6323:, "For the Iraqi people, the cost of enforcing the will of the United Nations has been grotesque." General Schwarzkopf talked about "a very, very large number of dead in these units, a very, very large number indeed." The chairman of the House Armed Services Committee,
3997:
al-Sabah ruled the banknotes as invalid and refused to reimburse stolen notes, which became worthless because of a UN embargo. After the conflict ended, many of the stolen banknotes made their way back into circulation. Today, the stolen banknotes are a collectible for
3687:
agreement in 1899 that assigned responsibility for Kuwait's foreign affairs to the United Kingdom. The UK drew the border between Kuwait and Iraq in 1922, making Iraq almost entirely landlocked. Kuwait rejected Iraqi attempts to secure further provisions in the region.
3719:, strong during the war, would be maintained. A pact of non-interference and non-aggression was signed between the countries, followed by a Kuwaiti-Iraqi deal for Iraq to supply Kuwait with water for drinking and irrigation, although a request for Kuwait to lease Iraq
7338:
setting fire to 700 oil wells as part of a scorched earth policy while retreating from Kuwait in 1991 after conquering the country but being driven out by coalition forces. The fires started in January and February 1991, and the last one was extinguished by November.
4398:. Assad had a deep personal enmity towards Saddam, which was defined by the fact that "Saddam had been trying to kill him for years." Harboring this animosity and impressed with Baker's diplomatic initiative to visit Damascus (relations had been severed since the
4033:
A key element of US political, military and energy economic planning occurred in early 1984. The Iran–Iraq war had been going on for five years by that time and both sides sustained significant casualties, reaching into the hundreds of thousands. Within President
7635:
The US Patriot missile was used in combat for the first time. The US military claimed a high effectiveness against Scuds at the time, but later analysis gives figures as low as 9%, with 45% of the 158 Patriot launches being against debris or false targets. The
5928:
blockade and sea control effort of the Persian Gulf. The success of "Operación Alfil" (English: "Operation Bishop") with more than 700 interceptions and 25,000 nautical miles (46,000 km) sailed in the theatre of operations helped to overcome the so-called
7239:
The draining occurred in Iraq and to a smaller degree in Iran between the 1950s and 1990s to clear large areas of the marshes. Formerly covering an area of around 20,000 km (7,700 sq mi), the large complex of wetlands was 90% drained before the
6734:. In all, 190 coalition troops were killed by Iraqi fire during the war, 113 of whom were American, out of 358 coalition deaths. Another 44 soldiers were killed and 57 wounded by friendly fire. 145 soldiers died of exploding munitions or non-combat accidents.
10870:
Sources: Gulf War Airpower Survey, Vol. 5; Norman Friedman, Desert Victory; World Air Power Journal. Additionally, Mark Bovankovich and LT Chuck Chase offered corrections and several intriguing details on these incidents. All errors, however, remain entirely
4406:), Assad agreed to pledge up to 100,000 Syrian troops to the coalition effort. This was a vital step in ensuring Arab states were represented in the coalition. In exchange, Washington gave al-Assad the green light to wipe out forces opposing Syria's rule in
3769:
was placed on alert. Saddam believed an anti-Iraq conspiracy was developing – Kuwait had begun talks with Iran, and Iraq's rival Syria had arranged a visit to Egypt. On 15 July 1990, Saddam's government laid out its combined objections to the
6313:
between 20,000 and 35,000 fatalities. A report commissioned by the US Air Force estimated 10,000–12,000 Iraqi combat deaths in the air campaign, and as many as 10,000 casualties in the ground war. This analysis is based on Iraqi prisoner of war reports.
4599:
after the war, this allegation was revealed to be a fabrication. The young woman who had testified was found to be a member of Kuwait's royal family and the daughter of Kuwait's ambassador to the US. She hadn't lived in Kuwait during the Iraqi invasion.
7631:
Scud missiles utilize inertial guidance which operates for the duration that the engines operate. Iraq used Scud missiles, launching them into both Saudi Arabia and Israel. Some missiles caused extensive casualties, while others caused little damage.
4267:, who had earlier called for US military assistance. This "wholly defensive" doctrine was quickly abandoned when, on 8 August, Iraq declared Kuwait to be Iraq's 19th province and Saddam named his cousin, Ali Hassan Al-Majid, as its military-governor.
4808:
also deployed a Patriot missile squadron to Israel and Turkey. The Dutch Defense Ministry later stated that the military use of the Patriot missile system was largely ineffective, but its psychological value for the affected populations was high.
3251:
were also largely unsuccessful, and on 24 February 1991, the coalition launched a major ground assault into Iraqi-occupied Kuwait. The offensive was a decisive victory for the coalition, who liberated Kuwait and promptly began to advance past the
6737:
The largest accident among coalition forces happened on 21 March 1991, when a Royal Saudi Air Force C-130H crashed in heavy smoke on approach to Ras Al-Mishab Airport, Saudi Arabia. 92 Senegalese soldiers and six Saudi crew members were killed.
4122:
Once persuaded, US officials insisted on a total Iraqi pullout from Kuwait, without any linkage to other Middle Eastern problems, accepting the British view that any concessions would strengthen Iraqi influence in the region for years to come.
4465:
was designated to be the commander of the coalition forces in the Persian Gulf area. The Soviet Union condemned Baghdad's aggression against Kuwait, but did not support the United States and allied intervention in Iraq and tried to avert it.
15867:
4384:
However, Baker believed that Saudi Arabia should assume some of the cost of the military efforts to defend it. When Baker asked King Fahd for $ 15 billion, the King readily agreed, with the promise that Baker ask Kuwait for the same amount.
7139:
Since Saudi Arabia houses Mecca and Medina, Islam's holiest sites, many Muslims were upset at the permanent military presence. The continued presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia after the war was one of the stated motivations behind the
5618:
Shortly afterwards, the US VII Corps, in full strength and spearheaded by the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment, launched an armored attack into Iraq early on 24 February, just to the west of Kuwait, surprising Iraqi forces. Simultaneously, the
4410:
and arranged for weapons valued at a billion dollars to be provided to Syria, mostly through Gulf states. In exchange for Iran's support for the US-led intervention, the US government promised the Iranian government to end US opposition to
9637:
6971:
assault", wherein two brigades from the US 1st Infantry Division (Mechanized) were faced with a large and complex trench network, as part of the heavily fortified "Saddam Hussein Line". After some deliberation, they opted to use anti-mine
6843:, supporting a mechanistic interaction. ... Moreover, the change in the combined effect from one category to the next was significantly greater than the sum of the independent effects of the environmental exposure and the genotype".
4357:
and 15 other ships, 1,100 aircraft, and a thousand Marines. In a press conference, General Schwarzkopf stated that these exercises were intended to deceive the Iraqi forces, forcing them to continue their defense of the Kuwaiti coastline.
3615:
The US remained officially neutral after Iraq's invasion of Iran in 1980, which became the Iran–Iraq War, although it provided resources, political support, and some "non-military" aircraft to Iraq. In March 1982, Iran began a successful
7493:(no relation), defied their editors and remained in Baghdad to report on the war's progress. They were responsible for a report which included an "infamous cruise missile that travelled down a street and turned left at a traffic light."
7197:
During the late 1990s, the UN considered relaxing the sanctions imposed because of the hardships suffered by ordinary Iraqis. Studies dispute the number of people who died in south and central Iraq during the years of the sanctions.
6695:
4345:
flew 24 F-16s on bombing missions. Military buildup continued from there, eventually reaching 543,000 troops, twice the number used in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Much of the material was airlifted or carried to the staging areas via
3796:
and the Iraqi foreign minister – during which Saddam claimed that the emir stated his intention to turn "every Iraqi woman into a $ 10 prostitute" by bankrupting the country – was a decisive factor in triggering the Iraqi invasion.
3256:
into Iraqi territory. A hundred hours after the beginning of the ground campaign, the coalition ceased its advance into Iraq and declared a ceasefire. Aerial and ground combat was confined to Iraq, Kuwait, and areas straddling the
5477:
tank. The Iraqis fielded them in great numbers. The Iraqis also had elements of two other independent armored brigades in theatre, those being the 50th and 29th Armored Brigades. Iraq would also field multiple Infantry Divisions.
6744:
190 coalition troops were killed by Iraqi combatants, the rest of the 379 coalition deaths were from friendly fire or accidents. This number was much lower than expected. Among the American combat dead were four female soldiers.
4738:
jets were deployed to patrol the northern airspace with Iraq. Israel prepared to militarily retaliate, as its policy for the previous 40 years had always been retaliation. However, President Bush pressured Israeli Prime Minister
14609:
6009:
to deal with casualties from the ground war. When the air war began, the CF-18s were integrated into the coalition force and were tasked with providing air cover and attacking ground targets. This was the first time since the
4172:
In December 1990, Iraq made a proposal to withdraw from Kuwait provided that foreign troops left the region and that an agreement was reached regarding the Palestinian problem and the dismantlement of both Israel's and Iraq's
4370:
Countries that deployed coalition forces or provided support (On behalf of Afghanistan, 300 Mujaheddin joined the coalition on 11 February 1991. Niger contributed 480 troops to guard shrines in Mecca and Medina on 15 January
3732:
fast-moving events directly related to the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe. However, the US did begin to condemn Iraq's human rights record, including the well-known use of torture. The UK also condemned the execution of
3727:
of 200,000 soldiers. Iraq also looked to increase arms production so as to become an exporter, although the success of these projects was also restrained by Iraq's obligations; in Iraq, resentment to OPEC's controls mounted.
5336:
eyes in the sky. Together they inflicted significant damage on Iraqi ground forces. U.S. A-10 "Warthog" crews would destroy 900 Iraqi tanks, 2,000 other military vehicles and 1,200 artillery pieces during combat operations.
7590:. Both were used in command and control area of operations. These systems provided essential communications links between air, ground, and naval forces. It is one of several reasons coalition forces dominated the air war.
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and all three were drained at different times for different reasons. Initial draining of the Central Marshes was intended to reclaim land for agriculture but later all three marshes would become a tool of war and revenge.
7190:, excluding medical supplies, food and other items of humanitarian necessity, these to be determined by the council's sanctions committee. From 1991 until 2003, the effects of government policy and sanctions regime led to
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Iraq hoped to provoke a military response from Israel. The Iraqi government hoped that many Arab states would withdraw from the Coalition, as they would be reluctant to fight alongside Israel. Following the first attacks,
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An investigation in 1992 by Beth Osborne Daponte estimated about 13,000 civilians were directly killed in the war, while another 70,000 died indirectly from the war's other effects. According to a 1992 study published in
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contributed an additional 4,900 rockets fired at Iraqi targets. Iraq lost close to 22 artillery battalions during the initial stages of this barrage, including the destruction of approximately 396 Iraqi artillery pieces.
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The second largest European contingent was from France, which committed 18,000 troops. Operating on the left flank of the US XVIII Airborne Corps, the French Army force was the Division Daguet, including troops from the
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Within 12 hours, most resistance had ended within Kuwait, and the royal family had fled, allowing Iraq to control most of Kuwait. After two days of intense combat, most of the Kuwaiti military were either overrun by the
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the losses of an economic scandal. The result was a slump in the oil price – as low as $ 10 per barrel ($ 63/m) – with a resulting loss of $ 7 billion a year to Iraq, equal to its 1989
4054:
who had served as the head of the NSC staff that organized the study. (The full declassified presentation can be seen here:) The conclusions were threefold: first, oil stocks needed to be increased among members of the
4333:, approximately an hour south east of Riyadh. The 36th TFW would be responsible for 11 confirmed Iraqi Air Force aircraft shot down during the war. Two Air National Guard units were stationed at Al Kharj Air Base, the
14042:"Evaluation of a Gene–Environment Interaction of PON1 and Low-Level Nerve Agent Exposure with Gulf War Illness: A Prevalence Case–Control Study Drawn from the U.S. Military Health Survey's National Population Sample"
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gunship was shot down by an Iraqi surface-to-air missile, and two US soldiers were captured during the battle. Saudi and Qatari forces had a total of 18 dead. Iraqi forces in Khafji had 60–300 dead and 400 captured.
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In response to the threat of Scuds on Israel, the US rapidly sent a Patriot missile air defense artillery battalion to Israel along with two batteries of MIM-104 Patriot missiles for the protection of civilians. The
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Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. The United States had 700,000 troops.
4202:
stated that the French proposal was unacceptable, because it went beyond previous Council resolutions on the Iraqi invasion. France dropped this proposal when it found "no tangible sign of interest" from Baghdad.
5862:
narrowly avoiding a mine. The Australians played a significant role in enforcing the sanctions put in place against Iraq following Kuwait's invasion. Following the war's end, Australia deployed a medical unit on
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Kuwaiti forces were tasked with liberating the city. Iraqi troops offered only light resistance. The Kuwaitis quickly liberated the city despite losing one soldier and having one plane shot down. On 27 February,
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Since the war, the US has had a continued presence of 5,000 troops stationed in Saudi Arabia – a figure that rose to 10,000 during the 2003 conflict in Iraq. Operation Southern Watch enforced the
7000:
Dick Cheney did not mention the First Division's tactics in an interim report to Congress on Operation Desert Storm. In the report, Cheney acknowledged that 457 enemy soldiers were buried during the ground war.
4181:
expressed that neither he nor Saddam insisted that solving the Israel–Palestine issues should be a precondition to solving the issues in Kuwait, though he did acknowledge a "strong link" between these problems.
4321:, Virginia, landed in Saudi Arabia and immediately commenced round-the-clock air patrols of the Saudi–Kuwait–Iraq border to discourage further Iraqi military advances. They were joined by 36 F-15 A-Ds from the
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estimated the total number of Iraqi deaths caused directly and indirectly by the Gulf War to be between 142,500 and 206,000, including 100,000–120,000 military deaths, and 20,000–35,000 civilian deaths in the
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There was some criticism of the Bush administration, as they chose to allow Saddam to remain in power instead of pushing on to capture Baghdad and overthrowing his government. In their co-written 1998 book,
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British Challenger 1 tanks during the Gulf War. The British Challenger tank was the most efficient tank of the Gulf War, suffering no losses while destroying approximately 300 Iraqi tanks during combat
4394:
After stops in Helsinki and Moscow to smooth out Iraqi demands for a Middle-Eastern peace conference with the Soviet Union, Baker traveled to Syria to discuss its role in the crisis with its President
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tanks. The division commander Maj. Gen. J.M. Myatt said, "During the first day of combat operations 1st Platoon, D Company, 3rd Tank Battalion destroyed 15 Iraqi tanks". The Marines also destroyed 25
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campaign on 16 January 1991. For 42 consecutive days and nights, the coalition forces subjected Iraq to one of the most intensive air bombardments in military history. The coalition flew over 100,000
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The United Kingdom committed the largest contingent of any European state that participated in the war's combat operations. Operation Granby was the code name for the operations in the Persian Gulf.
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armor units would destroy hundreds of Iraqi tanks by the end of combat operations. U.S. Marine Corps tank losses would be light as they suffered the loss of ten M-60 tanks during combat operations.
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Air attacks inflicted heavy casualties on retreatng forces along what became known as 'the highway of death.' American, British, and French units pursued the Iraqis to within 150 miles of Baghdad.
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casualty rate far exceeded that of the coalition military forces and Western hostages. The resistance predominantly consisted of ordinary citizens who lacked any form of training and supervision.
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As the Scud attacks continued, the Israelis grew increasingly impatient, and considered taking unilateral military action against Iraq. On 22 January 1991, a Scud missile hit the Israeli city of
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that Canada's military had participated in offensive combat operations. The only CF-18 Hornet to record an official victory during the conflict was an aircraft involved in the beginning of the
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perishable medicines spoil, water cannot be purified and raw sewage cannot be processed,". The US government refused to release its own study of the effects of the Iraqi public health crisis.
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3272:, after the daily broadcast of images from cameras onboard American military aircraft during Operation Desert Storm. The Gulf War has also gained fame for some of the largest tank battles in
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Most of the coalition states used various names for their operations and the war's operational phases. These are sometimes incorrectly used as the conflict's overall name, especially the US
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The Pentagon stated that satellite photos showing a buildup of Iraqi forces along the border were the source of this information, but this was later alleged to be false. A reporter for the
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American-made color photocopiers were used to produce some of Iraq's battle plans. Some of the copiers contained concealed high-tech transmitters that revealed their positions to American
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I would guess if we had gone in there, we would still have forces in Baghdad today. We'd be running the country. We would not have been able to get everybody out and bring everybody home.
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One of the main concerns in the Western world was the significant threat Iraq posed to Saudi Arabia. Following Kuwait's conquest, the Iraqi Army was within easy striking distance of Saudi
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Soon after his conquest of Kuwait, Saddam began verbally attacking the Saudis. He argued that the US-supported Saudi state was an illegitimate and unworthy guardian of the holy cities of
3742:. Following Saddam's declaration that "binary chemical weapons" would be used on Israel if it used military force against Iraq, Washington halted part of its funding. A UN mission to the
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weapons, self propelled artillery, and other combat systems. The Tawakalna Republican Guard Division was Iraq's most powerful division which included approximately 14,000 soldiers, 220
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against the Ba'athist Iraqi government that directly followed the end of the Gulf War in March and April, an estimated 25,000 to 100,000 Iraqis were killed, overwhelmingly civilians.
4337:'s 169th Fighter Wing flew bombing missions with 24 F-16s flying 2,000 combat missions and dropping four million pounds (1,800,000 kilograms; 1,800 metric tons) of munitions, and the
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5352:. They were supported by the U.S. Army's 2nd Armored Division's Tiger Brigade to provide the Marines with additional armor support. Marine armor units mostly consisted of the older
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By February 27, talk had turned toward terminating the hostilities. Kuwait was free. We were not interested in governing Iraq. So the question became "How do we stop the killing."
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concern was growing that the war could spread beyond the boundaries of the two belligerents. A National Security Planning Group meeting was formed, chaired by then Vice President
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In Kuwait, the Emir was restored, and suspected Iraqi collaborators were repressed. Eventually, over 400,000 people were expelled from the country, including a large number of
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3475:) was the US name for the airland offensive against the Iraqi Army in the Kuwaiti Theater of Operations (the "100-hour war") from 24 to 28 February 1991, in itself, part of
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Baker flew to Rome for a brief visit with the Italians in which he was promised the use of some military equipment, before journeying to Germany to meet with American ally
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9689:"DRAFT RESOLUTION /CANADA, COLOMBIA, CÔTE D'IVOIRE, ETHIOPIA, FINLAND, FRANCE, MALAYSIA, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND AND UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
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battalion, 4th Battalion of the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment, participated in a massive artillery preparation. Around 300 guns from multiple countries participated in the
4015:
5761:, Bush and Brent Scowcroft argued that such a course would have fractured the alliance, and would have had many unnecessary political and human costs associated with it.
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was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division as its third maneuver brigade. Its Task Force 1-41 Infantry would be the spearhead of VII Corps. In addition, the corps had the
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Both sides suffered casualties, although Iraqi forces sustained substantially more dead and captured than the allied forces. Eleven Americans were killed in two separate
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and Iraq both looked for more discipline, with little success. The Iraqi government described it as a form of economic warfare, which it claimed was aggravated by Kuwait
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adopted two lending facilities – the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF) and the Compensatory & Contingency Financing Facility (CCFF). The
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According to the Project on Defense Alternatives study, between 20,000 and 26,000 Iraqi military personnel were killed in the conflict while 75,000 others were wounded.
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Although the Iraqi military committed human rights abuses during the invasion, the alleged incidents that received the most publicity in the US were fabrications of the
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10645:, Volume 59, page 33, Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science (Chicago, Ill.), Atomic Scientists of Chicago, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (Organization), 2003.
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On 6 August 1990, after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 661 which imposed economic sanctions on Iraq, providing for a full trade
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the largest tank battle of the war and the second largest tank battle in American history. The U.S. Marine Corps also fought the biggest tank battle in its history at
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It was revealed during Saddam Hussein's 2003–2004 interrogation following his capture that in addition to economic disputes, an insulting exchange between the Kuwaiti
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4842:, Saudi Arabia, killing 28 soldiers and injuring over 100. A subsequent investigation found that the assigned Patriot missile battery had failed to engage due to the
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4821:. Once special operations were combined with air patrols, the number of attacks fell sharply, then increased slightly as Iraqi forces adjusted to coalition tactics.
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was believed to have numbered 16,000 men, arranged into three armored, one mechanized infantry and one under-strength artillery brigade. The pre-war strength of the
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tanks, and dismounted Iraqi infantry fired at passing American vehicles, only to be destroyed by other US tanks and fighting vehicles following the initial forces.
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In the night of 26–27 February 1991, some Iraqi forces began leaving Kuwait on the main highway north of Al Jahra in a column of some 1,400 vehicles. A patrolling
4157:, which gave Iraq until 15 January 1991 to withdraw from Kuwait, and empowered states to use "all necessary means" to force Iraq out of Kuwait after the deadline.
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was the title of another program in the series; it focused on the media's complicity in promoting the war, as well as Americans' reactions to the media coverage.
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Including 100–120,000 military deaths, 3–15,000 civilian deaths during the war, 4–6,000 civilian deaths up to April 1991, and 35–65,000 civilian deaths from the
5885:
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Germany and Japan provided financial assistance and donated military hardware, although they did not send direct military assistance. This later became known as
3761:
In early July 1990, Iraq complained about Kuwait's behavior, such as not respecting their quota, and openly threatened to take military action. On the 23rd, the
2725:
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5457:, 126 artillery pieces, and 18 MLRS. The Iraqi 52nd Armored Division was also a primary participant. It was a powerful division consisting of 245 tanks and 195
4350:, allowing a quick buildup. As part of the buildup, amphibious exercises were carried out in the Gulf, including Operation Imminent Thunder, which involved the
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in Geneva, Switzerland, for last minute peace talks in early 1991, Aziz reportedly made no concrete proposals and did not outline any hypothetical Iraqi moves.
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11936:"Operations DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM: Valorous Unit Award Citations | Unit Award Orders & Citations | U.S. Army Center of Military History"
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during the war to reinforce the idea that there would be an amphibious assault attempt). About 30–40% of this came from allied raids on Iraqi coastal targets.
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destroyed or isolated four Iraqi infantry divisions (the 26th, 48th, 31st, and 25th) and overran the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division in several sharp engagements.
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Canada was one of the first countries to condemn Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, and it quickly agreed to join the US-led coalition. In August 1990, Prime Minister
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battles in American military history. The battles at 73 Easting, Norfolk, and Medina Ridge are well noted for their historical significance. Some consider the
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west, but then turning and driving east, cutting off Kuwait City from the country's southern half. The commander of a Kuwaiti armored battalion, 35th Armoured
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On 25 February 1991, Iraqi forces fired a Scud missile at an American barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The missile attack killed 28 US military personnel.
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Although they did not contribute any forces, Japan and Germany made financial contributions totaling $ 10 billion and $ 6.6 billion respectively.
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was considered the best regular division in the Iraqi Army. It had more modern equipment than the other regular Iraqi units. It was equipped with T-72 and
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3887:, Kuwait did not mobilize its force; the army had been stood-down on 19 July, and during the Iraqi invasion many Kuwaiti military personnel were on leave.
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4–3 FA. Later that evening another group of Iraqi vehicles was spotted moving towards the center of the Task Force. They appeared to be Iraqi Soviet-made
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firm hired by the government of Kuwait to persuade Americans to support military intervention. Shortly after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, the organization
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by the US, making Iraq deeply skeptical of US foreign policy aims in the region, combined with the reliance of the US on Middle Eastern energy reserves.
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and urged other countries to send their own forces. An array of countries joined the American-led coalition, forming the largest military alliance since
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during Iraq's occupation, and approximately 375 remains were found in mass graves in Iraq. The increased importance of air attacks from both coalition
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The United Kingdom was represented by its 1st Armoured Division known as the Desert Rats. The British 1st Armoured Division fielded approximately 176
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Task Force Ripper led the drive to the Kuwait International Airport on 27 February 1991. Marine Task Force Ripper destroyed about 100 Iraqi tanks and
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Saddam would have the whole Gulf at his mercy along with 65 percent of the world's oil supply, and famously urging President Bush "not to go wobbly".
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on its own Shia minority. After the war, Saddam felt he should not have to repay the loans due to the help he had given the Saudis by fighting Iran.
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9303:"Letter dated 2 August 1990 from the Permanent Representative of Kuwait to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council"
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compounding over 100 hours of consecutive use, shifting the range gate position far enough to lose contact with the Scud during tracking action.
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Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.
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On 25 February 1991, a Scud missile hit a US Army barracks of the 14th Quartermaster Detachment, out of Greensburg, Pennsylvania, stationed in
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In the North, Kurdish leaders took American statements that they would support an uprising to heart, and began fighting, hoping to trigger a
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Carhart, Tom (1994). Iron Soldiers: How America's 1st Armored Division Crushed Iraq's Elite Republican Guard. New York: Random House. p.323
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antitank systems, and command and control vehicles; and the British possessed a variety of excellent light armoured vehicles built on their
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9938:"Confrontation in the Gulf: Behind Bush's Hard Line; Washington Considers a Clear Iraqi Defeat To Be Necessary to Bolster Its Arab Allies"
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Only one, Chris Ryan, evaded capture while the group's other surviving members were violently tortured. Flight surgeon (later General)
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Civilians and coalition military forces wave Kuwaiti and Saudi Arabian flags as they celebrate the retreat of Iraqi forces from Kuwait.
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wounded. Between 80,000 and 175,000 Iraqi troops were taken prisoner. Iraqi forces inflicted very minimal damage on Coalition forces.
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to meet the invading force, but approximately 20% were lost or captured. A few combat sorties were flown against Iraqi ground forces.
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and Kuwait. Iraq's debts to Kuwait amounted to $ 14 billion. Iraq pressured both nations to forgive the debts, but they refused.
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15550:"Livraria da Folha – Livro conta como Guerra do Golfo colocou a CNN no foco internacional – 08/09/2010"
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Ascherio, A.; Chase, R.; Coté, T.; Dehaes, G.; Hoskins, E.; Laaouej, J.; Passey, M.; Qaderi, S.; Shuqaidef, S.; Smith, M. C. (1992).
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The conflict marked the introduction of live news broadcasts from the front lines of the battle, principally by the American network
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border and entered Iraq in large numbers, taking hundreds of prisoners. Iraqi resistance was light, and four Americans were killed.
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1.5 billion to Kuwait. By that time, however, the fires had burned for approximately 10 months, causing widespread pollution.
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was the name given to the return of US units and equipment to the US in 1991 after Kuwait's liberation, sometimes referred to as
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over southern Iraq set up after 1991; oil exports through the Persian Gulf's shipping lanes were protected by the Bahrain-based
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vessels were mobilized in the Persian Gulf. Both Royal Air Force and Naval Air Squadrons, using various aircraft, operated from
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deficit. Resulting revenues struggled to support the government's basic costs, let alone repair Iraq's damaged infrastructure.
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had poured into Kuwait and moved south to threaten Saudi Arabia. It was then that I decided to act to check that aggression."
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were nearly emptied of water, and the local Shi'ite population relocated, following the war and 1991 uprisings. By 2000, the
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7030:. In 2013, 280,000 Jordanian citizens of Palestinian origin lived in Kuwait. In 2012, 80,000 Palestinians (without Jordanian
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U.S. Marines in the Persian Gulf, 1990–1991 With the 1st U.S. Marine Division in Desert Shield and Desert Storm Cureton P.97
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U.S. Marines in the Persian Gulf, 1990–1991 With the 1st U.S. Marine Division in Desert Shield and Desert Storm Cureton P.94
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7486:'s image of a burnt Iraqi soldier being pulled from the American AP wire whereas in Europe it was given extensive coverage.
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11997:"Jayhawk Goes to War: VII Corps in Operation DESERT STORM – The Campaign for the National Museum of the United States Army"
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in detonations of coalition munitions. Nine British military personnel were killed in a friendly fire incident when a USAF
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and tanks. For the next hour the Task Force fought several small battles with Iraqi reconnaissance units. TF 1–41 IN fired
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U.S. Marines in the Persian Gulf, 1990–1991 With the 1st U.S. Marine Division in Desert Shield and Desert Storm. pp.92–93.
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tank. The 1st Marine Division destroyed around 60 Iraqi tanks near the Burgan oil field without suffering any losses. The
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in history at that time. It was reported as a deliberate natural resources attack to keep US Marines from coming ashore (
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also provided financial support to the coalition. U.S. troops represented 73% of the coalition's 956,600 troops in Iraq.
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was the US operational name for the US buildup of forces and Saudi Arabia's defense from 2 August 1990 to 16 January 1991
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Sloyan, Patrick Day (12 September 1991), "Buried Alive: U.S. Tanks Used Plows To Kill Thousands in Gulf War Trenches",
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The details of the Hill & Knowlton public relations campaign, including the incubator testimony, were published in
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Precision-guided munitions amounted to approximately 7.4% of all bombs dropped by the coalition. Other bombs included
3387:) is the term used by Kuwait and most of the coalition's Arab states, including Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt, and the
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took place during and after the Gulf War. During the Gulf War, more than 200,000 Palestinians fled Kuwait during the
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formally apologized in 2004 on behalf of the PLO. This came after the Kuwaiti government formally forgave the group.
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deployed by helicopters and boats to attack the city from the sea, while other divisions seized the airports and two
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and fully occupied the country within two days. The invasion was primarily over disputes regarding Kuwait's alleged
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A British Challenger 1 achieved the longest range confirmed tank kill of the war, destroying an Iraqi tank with an
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General Khaled was Co-Commander, with US General Norman Schwarzkopf, of the allied coalition that liberated Kuwait
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against the Iraqi government. The uprising spread within days to all of the largest Shia cities in southern Iraq:
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In reality, the Iraqi Army did commit various well-documented crimes during its occupation of Kuwait, such as the
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15019:"Changing views on child mortality and economic sanctions in Iraq: a history of lies, damned lies and statistics"
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Yann Le Troquer; Rozenn Hommery al-Oudat (Spring 1999). "From Kuwait to Jordan: The Palestinians' Third Exodus".
13415:"Changing views on child mortality and economic sanctions in Iraq: a history of lies, damned lies and statistics"
13103:
7751:
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5747:, because of PLO support of Saddam. Yasser Arafat did not apologize for his support of Iraq, but after his death
5409:. It had reasonable armour protection and a 30mm gun. Modified versions of the vehicle included mortar carriers,
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Saddam stated that he would attempt last-ditch negotiations with the Kuwaitis but Iraq "would not accept death."
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Australia contributed a Naval Task Group, which formed part of the multi-national fleet in the Persian Gulf and
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M3 Bradleys of L Troop, 3rd ACR, stand in line at a holding area during the build-up to Operation Desert Shield.
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loans to Iran. On the day before the ground invasion began, the World Bank gave Iran the first loan of $ 250m.
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Many returning coalition soldiers reported illnesses following their action in the war, a phenomenon known as
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was signed in August 1988, Iraq was heavily debt-ridden and tensions within society were rising. Most of its
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The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts
13263:"Wages of War – Appendix 2: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 1991 Gulf War"
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See Paul Lewis, "Confrontation in the Gulf: The U.N.; France and 3 Arab States Issue an Appeal to Hussein,"
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5987:. The Canadian Task Group led the coalition's maritime logistics forces in the Persian Gulf. A fourth ship,
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15868:"Pics: From Kuwait airlift in 1990 to operation Ganga in 2022, here are a few evacuation missions by India"
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Another incident during the war highlighted the question of large-scale Iraqi combat deaths. This was the "
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with tanks and infantry. The Battle of Khafji ended two days later when the Iraqis were driven back by the
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An OH-58D Kiowa helicopter departs from a communications site in the desert during Operation Desert Shield
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Israeli civilians taking shelter from missiles (top) and aftermath of attack in Ramat Gan, Israel (bottom)
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groups that had recently fought in Afghanistan with the rhetoric Iran had long used to attack the Saudis.
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This article is about the conflict against Iraq in 1990–1991. For other conflicts with the same name, see
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7515:(FAIR) critically analyzed media coverage during the war in various articles and books, such as the 1991
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6873:. Significant controversy regarding the long term safety of depleted uranium exists, including claims of
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civilian infrastructure. Soon after, these helicopters and much of Iraq's military were used to fight an
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program, but the report about it from January 1991 was partially declassified by the CIA on 26 May 2001.
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acquired two commercial Soviet satellite images made at the time, which showed nothing but empty desert.
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The Iraq–Kuwait border dispute involved Iraqi claims to Kuwaiti territory. Kuwait had been a part of the
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11664:"The Gulf War and "European Artillery" – The Campaign for the National Museum of the United States Army"
7582:(AWACS) and satellite communication systems were also important. Two examples of this are the US Navy's
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and hearing nerve agent alarms were independent and the findings robust to both measured and unmeasured
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Argentina was the only South American country to participate in the 1991 Gulf War. It sent a destroyer,
5858:. The Australian Task Force was also placed at great risk with regard to the sea mine threat, with HMAS
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12989:[The Argentine Armed Forces in the Gulf] (in Spanish). Fuerzas Navales Magazine. Archived from
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is based on Operation Ganga, the evacuation of Indian citizens stranded in Kuwait during the Gulf War.
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The World Bank responded by speeding up the disbursement of existing project and adjustment loans. The
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launched a sweeping "left-hook" attack across southern Iraq's largely undefended desert, led by the US
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Victoria, William L. Cleveland, late of Simon Fraser University, Martin Bunton, University of (2013).
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Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
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4519:, which Saddam had used against Iranian troops during the Iran–Iraq War and against his own country's
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was around 2,200 Kuwaiti personnel, with 80 fixed-wing aircraft and 40 helicopters. In spite of Iraqi
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Air Force and Air Defense of Iraq before the war (not translated) exact list of the technical details
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Kepel, Gilles (2002). "From the Gulf War to the Taliban Jihad / Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam".
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10394:"WAR IN THE GULF: Turkey; Turkey's Role in Air Assault Sets Off Fear of Retaliation (Published 1991)"
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Iraq also launched numerous attacks on civilian targets in Israel and Saudi Arabia. A 1991 report by
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16502:"Bibliography: The First U.S. – Iraq War: Desert Shield and Desert Storm (1990–1991)"
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helicopters successfully destroyed two Iraqi early warning radar sites. From 15 to 20 February, the
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tanks. The T-62 tank being its primary system. Overall the primary tank of the Iraqi forces was the
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reported that Iraq had moved 30,000 troops to the Iraq-Kuwait border, and the US naval fleet in the
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The invasion of Kuwait was met with immediate international condemnation, including the adoption of
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7843:"Desert Shield And Desert Storm: A Chronology And Troop List for the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf Crisis"
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The resulting fires burned uncontrollably because of the dangers of sending in firefighting crews.
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The largest single loss of life among coalition forces happened on 25 February 1991, when an Iraqi
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4561:(right) listen as Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney addresses reporters regarding the 1991 Gulf War.
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was rejected. Saudi-backed development projects were hampered by Iraq's large debts, even with the
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10464:"DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS"
9264:
7224:. Formerly covering an area of around 3,000 km (1,200 sq mi), the large complex of
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6188:(APFSDS) round fired over 4,700 metres (2.9 mi)—the longest tank-on-tank kill shot recorded.
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15227:""Iraq and Kuwait: 1972, 1990, 1991, 1997." Earthshots: Satellite Images of Environmental Change"
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was an irrigation project in Iraq during and immediately after the war, to drain a large area of
5994:, arrived in-theater after hostilities had ceased and was the first allied ship to visit Kuwait.
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Kuwaitis founded a local armed resistance movement following the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. The
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3679:, something that Iraq claimed made Kuwait rightful Iraqi territory. Kuwait's ruling dynasty, the
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8903:"On this day in 1990: The world decides to stop Saddam Hussein's forces marauding around Kuwait"
6991:" However, after the war, the Iraqi government said that only 44 bodies were found. In his book
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Force Zulu; the detection of free sea floating mines and assistance to the aircraft carrier USS
4689:, dropping 88,500 tonnes of bombs, which widely destroyed military and civilian infrastructure.
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Barbara Walters Interview with General Schwarzkopf, Coalition commander in the Persian Gulf War
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14333:
14040:
Haley, Robert W.; Kramer, Gerald; Xiao, Junhui; Dever, Jill A.; Teiber, John F. (11 May 2022).
13613:
12148:
Col H. Avery Chenoweth (2005) Semper Fi: The Definitive Illustrated History of the U.S. Marines
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Michael Kranish et al., "World waits on brink of war: Late effort at diplomacy in gulf fails,"
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August 1990, when US troops were sent to Saudi Arabia, due also to the request of its monarch,
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3786:, were held on 31 July and led Mubarak to believe that a peaceful course could be established.
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13013:"Overview of U.S. Policy Toward South America and the President's Upcoming Trip to the Region"
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capture and destruction of numerous enemy vehicles, equipment, personnel and command bunkers.
4982:, supported by Qatari forces and US Marines. The allied forces used extensive artillery fire.
4213:"Operation Desert Shield" redirects here. For the 2006 operation by the Iraqi insurgency, see
3196:, which demanded Iraq's immediate withdrawal from Kuwait, and the imposition of comprehensive
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14416:"Iraqis Buried Alive – U.S. Attacked With Bulldozers During War Ground Attack"
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a response to alignment of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and the PLO with Saddam Hussein.
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described Iraqi soldiers pulling babies out of incubators and letting them die on the floor.
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2391:
2139:
2004:
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1773:
1705:
188:
178:
15445:
14017:"Gulf war syndrome; higher rates of specific birth defects in gulf war veterans' children".
10231:
8733:(167, November–December 1990). Middle East Research and Information Project (MERIP): 11–18.
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heavy battalion task force from the 2nd Armored Division (Forward). It was the spearhead of
3808:, in Baghdad. The Iraqi leader attacked American policy with regards to Kuwait and the UAE:
62:
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14759:
14257:
14246:"Teratogenicity of depleted uranium aerosols: A review from an epidemiological perspective"
13598:
11412:
11167:
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11352:"Patriot Missile Defense: Software Problem Led to System Failure at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"
10835:
9791:
9413:
8115:
NSIAD-92-94, "Operation Desert Storm: Early Performance Assessment of Bradley and Abrams".
6296:
said that at least one Saudi civilian was killed after they were hit by Iraqi shelling in
5813:
Coalition troops from Egypt, Syria, Oman, France, and Kuwait during Operation Desert Storm
3636:
With Iraq's newfound success in the war, and the Iranian rebuff of a peace offer in July,
8:
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8544:. Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 8EA, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 537–559.
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convoy was bombed so extensively by coalition air forces that it came to be known as the
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were also present. The two divisions formed the foundation of the Jihad Corps. The Iraqi
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to the Persian Gulf, where they were ready by 8 August. The US also sent the battleships
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planes and combat ships to the Persian Gulf in response to these threats. Discussions in
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1348:
1336:
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25199:
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14673:
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11413:"25 years ago, this University of South Carolina graduate gave his life in Desert Storm"
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long. Your presence here, and in other places, is meant to prevent the scourge of war."
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15369:
Out of Area or Out of Reach? European Military Support for Operations in Southwest Asia
15170:
15051:
15018:
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14072:
14041:
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7796:. The start date of the Kuwait War can also be seen as either August 1990 (when Iraq's
7281:
7268:, and Middle East Watch have described the project as a political attempt to force the
7160:
as banning the "permanent presence of infidels in Arabia". In 1996, bin Laden issued a
7152:(7 August), which was eight years to the day that US troops were sent to Saudi Arabia.
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7019:
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not going to go get bogged down in the problems of trying to take over and govern Iraq.
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and placed land mines around the wells to make extinguishing the fires more difficult.
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4616:
4576:
4512:
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4342:
4279:
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was the British name for British military activities during the operations and conflict
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After the War: Kuwait: Kuwaiti Emir, Tired and Tearful, Returns to His Devastated Land
10191:"CONFRONTATION IN THE GULF: France; Paris Says Its Last-Ditch Peace Effort Has Failed"
10176:
Ellen Nimmons, A.P., "Last-ditch pitches for peace; But U.S. claims Iraqis hold key,"
9912:
9540:"Saddam's Security Apparatus During the Invasion of Kuwait and the Kuwaiti Resistance"
8425:
8328:
6711:
reports that US forces suffered 148 battle-related deaths (35 to friendly fire), with
5997:
Following the UN-authorized use of force against Iraq, the Canadian Forces deployed a
5203:, 2nd Armored Division (FWD) conducts artillery strikes on Iraqi positions during the
4927:
4270:
27027:
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14149:
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10000:
9878:
9833:
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8702:
8690:
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8555:
8545:
8216:
7940:
7785:
7614:
7613:
The role of Iraq's Scud missiles featured prominently in the war. Scud is a tactical
7587:
7315:
7097:
6960:
6784:
6778:
6716:
6293:
6175:
6157:
6079:, on September 25, 1990, the Italian Government sent eight multirole fighter bombers
6015:
5930:
5864:
5537:
5341:
5255:
5240:
5228:
5121:
5100:
5087:
5007:
4974:
On 29 January, Iraqi forces attacked and occupied the lightly defended Saudi city of
4765:
4735:
4628:
4603:
4592:
4540:
4524:
4507:
Other justifications for foreign involvement included Iraq's history of human rights
4438:
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4065:
4043:
3775:
3709:
3366:
3281:
3209:
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3119:
2687:
2517:
2119:
2099:
1871:
1854:
1766:
1715:
1554:
1324:
1018:
994:
910:
887:
399:
214:
131:
26575:
26246:
17051:
Braving the Fear – The True Story of Rowdy US Marines in the Gulf War
16577:"Japan's Response to the Persian Gulf Crisis: Implications for U.S.-Japan Relations"
16016:
Desert Redleg: Artillery Warfare in the First Gulf War by Col. L. Scott Lingamfelter
13768:[Corporal of the frigate "Victoria" dies in traffic accident in Abu Dhabi].
13731:"The Role of the United Arab Emirates in the Iran-Iraq War and the Persian Gulf War"
9966:"Confrontation in the Gulf; Proposals by Iraqi President: Excerpts From His Address"
9617:
9214:"CONFRONTATION IN THE GULF; Excerpts From Iraqi Document on Meeting With U.S. Envoy"
8479:"ISN: The Second Gulf War (1990–1991) – Council on Foreign Relations"
8377:"The Wages of War: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 2003 Conflict"
7882:
7533:
5764:
In 1992, the US Defense Secretary during the war, Dick Cheney, made the same point:
5733:
4366:
26864:
26361:
26286:
26216:
26201:
26181:
26128:
25911:
25906:
25886:
25836:
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25603:
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21999:
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20181:
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18955:
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18804:
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18558:
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16980:
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15972:
Desert Rats:The British 4 and 7 Armoured Brigades, WW2 to Today by Hans Halberstadt
15693:
15424:
15376:
15046:
15030:
14538:
14275:
14265:
14067:
14059:
13638:
13545:"Iraq and Its Future | by Samir al-Khalil | The New York Review of Books"
13442:
13426:
13387:
11148:
11134:
11126:
11117:
11073:
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11038:
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7605:
7335:
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6142:
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5909:
5663:
5442:
5437:. The British had their full contingent of engineer, logistics, and medical units.
5377:
4859:
4726:
starts ... will you attack Israel?" His response was: "Yes, absolutely, yes."
4566:
4516:
4455:
4326:
4314:
4083:
Within hours of the invasion, Kuwait and US delegations requested a meeting of the
3902:
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3617:
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2623:
2580:
2184:
1844:
1790:
1734:
1234:
982:
439:
151:
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15174:
14181:
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4777:
4637:
3173:. After Iraq briefly occupied Kuwait under a rump puppet government known as the "
26580:
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26391:
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26029:
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20205:
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18769:
18759:
18271:
18248:
17965:
17924:
17476:
17285:
17249:
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17081:
16558:
The United States and Persian Gulf Security: The Foundations of the War on Terror
16231:
15577:
15406:
14857:
14802:
14613:
14422:
14305:"An Analysis of Uranium Dispersal and Health Effects Using a Gulf War Case Study"
14156:
14133:
13717:
13694:
13505:
13233:
13177:
12802:
12730:"Refworld | Human Rights Watch World Report 1992 – Iraq and Occupied Kuwait"
11443:
10795:
10366:
10339:
10197:
10023:
9933:
9851:
9578:"Two ethnicities, three generations: Phonological variation and change in Kuwait"
9380:
9220:
9160:
9137:
8838:
8771:
8682:
8646:
8510:
8504:
Operation Iraqi Freedom: Strategies, Approaches, Results, and Issues for Congress
8407:
8400:
8304:
8141:
8121:
7910:
7889:
7570:, 15,000-pound bombs which can disintegrate everything within hundreds of yards.
7245:
7233:
7164:, calling for US troops to leave Saudi Arabia. In a December 1999 interview with
7153:
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6820:
6221:
6150:
6130:
6041:
5963:
5959:
5880:
5632:
5430:
5373:
5329:
ground attack aircraft would distinguish itself during the Gulf War aided by the
5322:
5171:
5117:
4745:
4674:
4259:
4146:
4079:
President Bush visiting American troops in Saudi Arabia on Thanksgiving Day, 1990
3983:
3661:
3653:
3604:
3492:
3415:
3392:
3376:
3158:
2740:
2616:
2044:
2014:
2009:
1947:
1138:
970:
157:
24543:
16278:
15297:
14737:
14026:
13391:
8503:
8482:
7376:, the resulting economic disruptions after the crisis affected many states. The
6869:
in tank kinetic energy penetrators and 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) cannon
6212:
Over 1,000 Kuwaiti civilians were killed by Iraqis. More than 600 Kuwaitis went
5693:. On March 1, 1991, one day after the Gulf War ceasefire, a revolt broke out in
26889:
26406:
26331:
26321:
26316:
26176:
25916:
25705:
25628:
25356:
25261:
25011:
24951:
24583:
24501:
24404:
24364:
24334:
24234:
24189:
23318:
22386:
22364:
22342:
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21701:
21446:
21332:
21307:
20587:
20517:
20171:
20127:
20075:
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19934:
18829:
18819:
18764:
18662:
18243:
18226:
18221:
18091:
18045:
17026:
16242:
15473:
15302:
14569:
12702:
12663:
12426:"Persian Gulf War". MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 1 November 2009.
10675:"How PR Sold the War in the Persian Gulf | Center for Media and Democracy"
8251:
7797:
7691:
7683:
7674:
7508:
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7249:
7191:
7075:
However, the UN subsequently spent billions rebuilding hospitals, schools, and
6882:
6712:
6700:
6213:
6006:
5955:
5925:
5845:, under Operation Damask. In addition, medical teams were deployed aboard a US
5533:
5417:
chassis. British artillery was primarily American made M109 howitzers (155mm),
5414:
5286:
to act as a scouting and screening force, and two further heavy divisions, the
5207:. 4-3 FA was the primary fire support battalion for Task Force 1–41 during the
4814:
4740:
4558:
4528:
4520:
4395:
4388:
4111:
4069:
3913:, deployed them against the Iraqi attack and conducted a robust defense at the
3884:
3834:
thus potentially settling differences over oil policy between Kuwait and Iraq.
3724:
3680:
3672:
3641:
3608:
3462:
3229:
3150:
2585:
2079:
2039:
2029:
2019:
1994:
1927:
1608:
1475:
1252:
321:
274:
17185:
15034:
14850:
13430:
11790:"CORRECTING MYTHS ABOUT THE PERSIAN GULF WAR: THE LAST STAND OF THE TAWAKALNA"
10284:
10126:"CONFRONTATION IN THE GULF; As U.S. Officials See It, Hands of Aziz Were Tied"
9873:"Report of the Security Council: 16 June 1990 – 15 June 1991".
9828:"Report of the Security Council: 16 June 1990 – 15 June 1991".
9727:"Report of the Security Council: 16 June 1990 – 15 June 1991".
27021:
26987:
26764:
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20331:
20161:
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17144:
16141:
16047:
15912:
The road to Safwan the 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry in the 1991 Persian Gulf War
15846:
15042:
14607:
Yemen's president flees for medical treatment as search for new leader begins
13438:
13299:
12624:
12498:
11390:
11303:
11172:
10949:. Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control from 2000 to 2006. Archived from
10882:
10714:
10674:
10354:
9882:
9837:
9736:
9029:"Confrontation in the Gulf; The Oilfield Lying Below the Iraq-Kuwait Dispute"
8746:
7478:
7441:
7286:
On 23 January, Iraq dumped 400 million US gallons (1,500,000 m) of
7213:
7102:
6874:
6792:
6134:
5846:
5748:
5418:
5314:
5146:
5058:
5018:
4986:
4178:
4035:
3894:
3801:
3783:
3733:
3676:
3633: ... The real reason was to help them succeed in the war against Iran."
3350:
3221:
3127:
1300:
1198:
307:
82:
17300:
16855:"The Gulf War: an in-depth examination of the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf crisis"
16269:
15941:
15902:
15659:
15230:
14924:
13766:"Muere en accidente de tráfico en Abu Dabi un cabo de la fragata 'Victoria'"
12487:"War in the Gulf: Bush Halts Offensive Combat; Kuwait Freed, Iraqis Crushed"
10722:
7326:
6741:
The number of coalition wounded in combat was 776, including 458 Americans.
5425:
which were compatible with American systems. Their air support consisted of
27011:
26879:
26744:
26684:
26619:
26356:
26306:
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24287:
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23842:
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21994:
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20997:
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20487:
20321:
20175:
20167:
20157:
19511:
19010:
18012:
17914:
16540:
16476:
16112:
15163:"V: "Thunder And Lightning"- The War With Iraq (Subsection:The War at Sea)"
15060:
14289:
14270:
14081:
13456:
13104:"Celebrato il 93° Anniversario dell'Aeronautica Militare – Aviation Report"
12578:
12521:"History: November 6, 1991 Canadians cap the last oil fire in the Gulf War"
11351:
10359:
10212:
7813:
Since 1988 the PLO had assumed, for Arab League purposes, the seat for the
7789:
7625:
7563:
6885:
6878:
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6320:
6245:
6126:
5894:
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5842:
5402:
5208:
5204:
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4451:
3782:, Saudi Arabia, mediated on the Arab League's behalf by Egyptian President
3766:
3738:
3684:
3665:
3586:
3582:
3225:
3217:
3213:
3169:, as well as to cancel Iraq's large debt to Kuwait from the recently ended
3130:. The coalition's efforts against Iraq were carried out in two key phases:
2396:
1999:
1900:
1222:
958:
934:
777:
348:
229:
224:
16204:
14097:"UTSW genetic study confirms sarin nerve gas as cause of Gulf War illness"
13399:
13262:
12165:
8114:
7880:
Khaled bin Sultan al-Saud was co-commander with General Norman Schwarzkopf
5780:
On 10 March 1991, 540,000 US troops began moving out of the Persian Gulf.
5132:
3134:, which marked the military buildup from August 1990 to January 1991; and
26975:
26401:
26006:
25976:
25831:
25821:
25720:
25583:
25376:
24865:
24695:
24680:
24491:
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22337:
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22073:
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20081:
19366:
19025:
19000:
18990:
18920:
18676:
18134:
18086:
18081:
17810:
17792:
16405:
16024:. Dual. Illustrated by Richard Chasemore. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
15742:
15085:
14719:
Patrice O'Shaughness. "Gulf War POW denounces abuse of Iraqi detainees".
14507:
12727:
12658:
10067:"Iraq Offers Deal to Quit Kuwait U.S. rejects it, but stays 'interested'"
8540:
Stoker, Donald (2024). "16: The Gulf War, or First Iraq War, 1990-1991".
7618:
7483:
7473:
7269:
7088:
nose, dislocated his shoulder and punctured his eardrum. Royal Air Force
7031:
6840:
6205:
5737:
4757:
4491:
4487:
4419:
4187:
4047:
3998:
3869:
3771:
3656:
to meet Saddam as a special envoy and to cultivate ties. By the time the
2710:
2595:
2024:
922:
803:
699:
634:
621:
17292:
Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm: Valorous Unit Award Citations
16224:
12600:
Screaming Eagles: The 101st Airborne Division from D-Day to Desert Storm
12567:
Screaming Eagles 101st Airborne Division by Russ & Susan Bryant P.85
10097:"CONFRONTATION IN THE GULF; Arafat Eases Stand on Kuwait-Palestine Link"
9698:. United Nations OFFICIAL DOCUMENT SYSTEM. 2 August 1990. Archived from
8729:
Stork, Joe; Lesch, Ann M. (1990). "Background to the Crisis: Why War?".
8125:
accounted for 17 of the destroyed Bradleys and three of the damaged ones
7617:
that the Soviet Union developed and deployed among the forward deployed
7472:
US policy regarding media freedom was much more restrictive than in the
4966:
4699:
4666:
3849:
main battle tanks, common Iraqi battle tank used in the Gulf War by the
73:
26160:
25871:
25841:
25795:
25710:
25678:
25670:
25613:
25301:
25016:
24705:
24593:
24199:
22496:
22404:
22310:
22243:
22016:
20492:
20212:
19015:
18854:
18839:
17121:
17067:
15931:"Task Force 1-41 Infantry: The Fratricide Experience in Southwest Asia"
15446:
Ken Jarecke's account to the BBC World Service programme (9 May 2005).
14550:
10360:
John Pilger Reveals How the Bushes Bribe the World, from Russia to Iran
8754:
8079:
M60 vs T-62 Cold War Combatants 1956–92 by Lon Nordeen & David Isby
7548:
7343:
6870:
6824:
6138:
6037:
6011:
5680:
5566:
5434:
5062:
4894: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4633:
4470:
4412:
4233:
4191:
4142:
Another Iraqi proposal communicated in August 1990 was delivered to US
3986:
1264:
1030:
595:
453:
24814:
22332:
16876:"Report to Congress on the Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, Chapter 6"
14528:
13037:
Operation Friction, 1990–1991: The Canadian Forces in the Persian Gulf
11108:
Fetter, Steve; Lewis, George N.; Gronlund, Lisbeth (28 January 1993).
10701:"Kuwaitgate - killing of Kuwaiti babies by Iraqi soldiers exaggerated"
8843:
The Outlaw State: Saddam Hussein's Quest for Power and the Gulf Crisis
8776:
The Outlaw State: Saddam Hussein's Quest for Power and the Gulf Crisis
8687:
The Outlaw State: Saddam Hussein's Quest for Power and the Gulf Crisis
8651:
The Outlaw State: Saddam Hussein's Quest for Power and the Gulf Crisis
7388:
group agreed to disperse $ 14 billion in development assistance.
7044:
6935:
Chuck Horner, Commander of US and allied air operations, has written:
5598:
4748:
to defend Israel if it refrained from responding to the Scud attacks.
102:
26884:
26456:
26301:
26150:
26123:
25936:
25891:
25800:
25768:
25748:
25740:
25069:
24859:
22162:
21781:
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21302:
21274:
21221:
20759:
20451:
20411:
18910:
18799:
17270:
17031:
17013:
16322:
Against the Fires of Hell: The Environmental Disaster of the Gulf War
12851:
12627:(7 November 2011). "The United States and Iraq before the Iraq War".
12197:"M60: This Old Tank Crushed Saddam Hussein During the First Gulf War"
11139:
11130:
11064:
11055:
10547:
The Gulf Conflict 1990–1991: Diplomacy and War in the New World Order
7687:
7291:
7287:
7244:. The marshes are typically divided into three main sub-marshes, the
6968:
6811:
among veterans with the RR or QR (as opposed to the QQ) forms of the
6807:
6324:
6217:
6100:
5722:
5422:
5365:
5180:
5175:
4825:
4322:
4264:
4229:
4224:
American F-15Es parked in Saudi Arabia during Operation Desert Shield
3645:
3629:
later stated: "No one had any doubts about continued involvement in
2600:
2590:
790:
425:
412:
137:
17108:(diary from inside the real Top Gun, VF-1 "Wolfpack" by Bob Graham)
16839:
Political Economy Notebooks for Study and Research, No. 14, pp. 5–34
16385:
16170:
Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II
14542:
14382:
14063:
13265:. The Commonwealth Institute and the Project on Defense Alternatives
12854:: Editura Universității Naționale de Apărare "Carol I". p. 33.
12156:
12154:
8738:
8401:
Collateral damage: The health and environmental costs of war on Iraq
7928:
Cradle of Conflict: Iraq and the Birth of Modern U.S. Military Power
5976:
joined the maritime interdiction force supported by the supply ship
5548:
5290:
and the United Kingdom's 1st Armoured Division, as well as the U.S.
4869:
4853:
4429:
3341:
The following names have been used to describe the conflict itself:
1512:
26035:
25876:
25773:
25648:
25371:
24511:
24369:
23823:
22538:
22248:
22167:
20819:
20649:
20406:
20401:
19193:
19080:
18774:
18489:
16066:"Allies Deliberately Poisoned Iraq Public Water Supply in Gulf War"
14332:
US Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration.
13499:
After the War; U.N. Survey Calls Iraq's War Damage Near-Apocalyptic
12162:"History of Bravo Company, 4th Tank Battalion in Desert Storm 1991"
10858:
9539:
9238:"Iraq Said to Prevail in Oil Dispute With Kuwait and Arab Emirates"
8524:"A 1991 Dossier on the Role of the Iraqi Air Force in the Gulf War"
7648:
The Gulf War has been the subject of several video games including
7225:
7157:
7109:
in which she was riding was shot down while searching for a downed
6890:
6836:
5706:
5507:
5353:
5306:
4753:
4721:
Transporter Erector Launcher (TEL) with missile in upright position
4490:
importance. Shortly after the Iraqi invasion, US Defense Secretary
4252:
3932:
3918:
3842:
3720:
3593:
groups, which led to Iraq's inclusion on the developing US list of
3578:
3317:
3316:
before the term "Iraq War" became identified instead with the 2003
2134:
1613:
725:
686:
543:
25155:
Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
17106:
Gulf in the War Story: A US Navy Personnel Manager Confides in You
16813:
Last paragraph: "On 16 January 1991 the air war against Iraq began
16039:
15894:
11349:
10228:"15 Years After Desert Storm, U.S. Commitment to Region Continues"
9154:"U.S. Deploys Air and Sea Forces After Iraq Threatens 2 Neighbors"
8559:
7476:. The policy had been spelled out in a Pentagon document entitled
4714:
3600:
3551:
for the period 12 April 1991, through 30 November 1995, including
3501:
was the French name for French military activities in the conflict
26664:
25981:
25866:
25856:
25805:
25346:
24091:
21279:
21236:
20416:
20361:
19903:
16647:
The Demonic Comedy: Some Detours in the Baghdad of Saddam Hussein
16252:
The Decorations and Medals of the Persian Gulf War (1990 to 1991)
14638:"The View From France: America's Unyielding Policy toward Iraq,"
13821:
12952:"Splitting the Check: When Allies Helped Pay for Middle East War"
12186:
M60 vs T-62 Cold War Combatants 1956–92, Nordeen & Isby, p.73
12151:
11846:
Semper Fi: The Definitive Illustrated History of the U.S. Marines
10549:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993. Print.
10296:
10071:
10042:
8809:"Inverse Engagement: Lessons from U.S.-Iraq Relations, 1982–1990"
8309:
7217:
7187:
6982:
6832:
6277:
5726:
5714:
5380:. The 2nd Marine Division also faced heavy resistance during the
5074:
5034:
4839:
4534:
4407:
3936:
3910:
764:
751:
608:
556:
517:
504:
466:
19611:
Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992
18679:
and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each
13614:"ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed C-130H Hercules 469 Rash Mishab"
11229:"WAR IN THE GULF: TEL AVIV; 3 DIE 96 ARE HURT IN ISRAELI SUBURB"
10380:
The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War, and Peace, 1989–1992
9807:"Persian Gulf War, Desert Storm – War with Iraqi"
8587:
Iraq and the Second Gulf War: State Building and Regime Security
6289:
and 15,000–30,000 refugee deaths after the end of the Gulf war.
5614:
armored personnel carriers and trucks on Highway 8 in March 1991
3249:
Iraqi missile barrages against coalition targets in Saudi Arabia
27006:
26669:
26049:
25851:
25790:
24725:
21159:
20814:
19261:
18720:
Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States
17771:
16482:
Cruelty and Silence: War, Tyranny, Uprising, and the Arab World
16013:
Blitzkrieg in the Gulf: Armor of the 100 Hour war by Yves Debay
15978:
Order of Battle: Allied Ground Forces of Operation Desert Storm
13321:
The Great War For Civilisation; The Conquest of the Middle East
10038:"MIDDLE EAST CRISIS Secret Offer Iraq Sent Pullout Deal to U.S"
8412:
8055:"Tanks During the First Gulf War – Tank History"
7801:
7784:
The numbering of Persian Gulf conflicts depends on whether the
7567:
6861:
Approximate area and major clashes in which DU rounds were used
6816:
6726:
hit a US military barrack in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, killing 28
6297:
6281:
6149:
Chief Royal Navy vessels deployed to the Persian Gulf included
6072:
5784:
5702:
5330:
5313:. The primary American artillery system was the self propelled
5305:
The primary combat vehicles of the American divisions were the
5266:
troops. Its primary full strength fighting formations were the
5254:
the largest tank battle of the war. Other sources consider the
5159:
4990:
4975:
4686:
4644:
4477:
economic aid or debt forgiveness, and threats to withhold aid.
4403:
4248:
3779:
3701:
3520:
1494:
1399:
292 killed (147 killed by enemy action, 145 non-hostile deaths)
855:
829:
712:
660:
530:
479:
374:
335:
263:
234:
219:
16452:
15144:
to name this body of water. This article uses the proper name
14379:"The massacre of withdrawing Soldiers on the highway of death"
13682:
13680:
13678:
13376:"Effect of the Gulf War on infant and child mortality in Iraq"
12703:"ENDLESS TORMENT, The 1991 Uprising in Iraq And Its Aftermath"
10254:"U.S., Saudi Forces Start 'Imminent Thunder' Exercise in Gulf"
8182:"Appendix – Iraqi Death Toll | The Gulf War | FRONTLINE | PBS"
7232:
estimated that 90% of the marshlands had disappeared, causing
5140:
T-55 tank destroyed by Task Force 1–41 Infantry, February 1991
4075:
3361:
and the subsequent Iraq War). Some authors have called it the
26679:
26534:
26490:
American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation
25996:
25779:
23858:
21372:
20356:
17820:
17252:
US Army Heritage and Education Center, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
12123:
12121:
12119:
12117:
11954:
11942:
10832:"CNN.com In-depth specials — Gulf War (via Internet Archive)"
7992:"Guerre du Golfe: le dernier combat de la division Tawakalna"
7747:
Organization of United States Air Force Units in the Gulf War
7672:. There have also been numerous depictions in film including
7501:
was compiled and released in 1990, before the war broke out.
7161:
7038:
6857:
5710:
5698:
5694:
5607:
5578:
5410:
5333:
4989:
incidents, an additional 14 US airmen were killed when their
4761:
4611:
4244:
3233:
3142:
on 17 January 1991 and came to a close with the American-led
842:
816:
738:
647:
582:
569:
361:
14150:
Iraqi cancers, birth defects blamed on U.S. depleted uranium
13200:"Iraq and Kuwait Discuss Fate of 600 Missing Since Gulf War"
9374:
8957:
8955:
8884:
8882:
5502:
4458:
soldiers also reportedly joined towards the end of the war.
266:
resumes self-governance over all Kuwaiti sovereign territory
26674:
26074:
25956:
23848:
23792:
20567:
20544:
20287:
20281:
17313:
15010:
14225:"Doctor's Gulf War Studies Link Cancer to Depleted Uranium"
13814:"FESTA, LACRIME E AMAREZZA PER I MARO' RIENTRATI DAL GOLFO"
13675:
12399:
11755:
11694:
11614:
10973:
The Gulf Conflict: Diplomacy and War in the New World Order
10907:
The Gulf Conflict: Diplomacy and War in the New World Order
7621:
7359:
A sentry patrols along a line-up of OH-58 Kiowa helicopters
6973:
6812:
6237:
6076:
5603:
5474:
5470:
5450:
5326:
5247:
4718:
4671:
3952:
3899:
3790:
3692:
1656:
673:
17036:
the evacuation of 170,000 Indians stranded in the war zone
16801:(5th ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. p. 450.
15167:
The United States Navy in "Desert Shield" / "Desert Storm"
13844:"podporučík in memoriam Petr ŠIMONKA | inmemoriam.army.cz"
12374:
12372:
12370:
12368:
12274:
12272:
12270:
12268:
12255:
12253:
12203:
12114:
12102:
12047:
12045:
12043:
12041:
12028:
12026:
12011:
11975:"These were the 6 most massive tank battles in US history"
11864:"These were the 6 most massive tank battles in US history"
11828:"These were the 6 most massive tank battles in US history"
11772:
11770:
11745:
11743:
11730:
11728:
11726:
11713:
11711:
11709:
11643:
11641:
11604:
11602:
11600:
11587:
11585:
11583:
10657:"The Origins of the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait Reconsidered"
9174:
9172:
8918:
7041:
workers after Yemen supported Saddam during the Gulf War.
3334:
in 2003, the Gulf War of 1990–1991 is often known as the "
3220:. The bulk of the coalition's military power was from the
27:
1990–1991 conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition
26529:
26509:
26504:
16859:
16615:
Decisive Battles: From Yorktown to Operation Desert Storm
15474:"Famous Pictures Magazine – Iraqi Soldier"
13562:
13560:
13558:
12389:
12387:
11916:
11886:"VII Corps leads armored surge into Iraq WAR IN THE GULF"
11546:
11544:
9913:"George Bush (Sr) Library – Margaret Thatcher Foundation"
9312:. United Nations OFFICIAL DOCUMENT SYSTEM. Archived from
9084:
8980:
8952:
8879:
8164:
8162:
8160:
8158:
8156:
8154:
8152:
8150:
8128:
6300:. Disputed amounts of people were also killed during the
5772:
in action and for their families, it wasn't a cheap war.
5718:
5631:. This movement's left flank was protected by the French
5385:
5195:
4575:
was formed in the US. It hired the public relations firm
4313:
to the region. A total of 48 US Air Force F-15s from the
3753:
3265:
13287:"U.S. Officials Believe Iraq Will Take Years to Rebuild"
13057:
The Canadian Commander in the Middle East was Commodore
12908:
Gulf War coalition forces (latest available) by country
11325:"DOD: Information Paper- Iraq's Scud Ballistic Missiles"
10757:
9731:(digital document). New York: United Nations: 30. 1993.
9113:
9111:
9050:
9048:
8997:
8995:
4677:, one of the key aircraft used in Operation Desert Storm
4643:
US President Bush repeatedly compared Saddam Hussein to
3931:
The main Iraqi thrust into Kuwait City was conducted by
3532:
The US divided the conflict into three major campaigns:
3495:
was the Argentine name for Argentine military activities
3330:("mother of all battles") by Iraqi officials. After the
3181:" in the north, which was absorbed into Iraq's existing
17210:
CBC Digital Archives – The 1991 Gulf War
16534:
16383:
15337:"The Impact of the Gulf Crisis on Developing Countries"
15273:. People.psych.cornell.edu. 20 May 1997. Archived from
13373:
12466:
12429:
12365:
12353:
12341:
12329:
12305:
12293:
12284:
12265:
12250:
12238:
12038:
12023:
11904:
11796:
11767:
11740:
11723:
11706:
11682:
11670:
11638:
11626:
11597:
11580:
11568:
11556:
10740:
Second Front: Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War
9907:
9905:
9671:
9669:
9284:
9282:
9169:
8351:"Kuwait: missing people: a step in the right direction"
7105:
was sexually assaulted by one of her captors after the
6083:(plus two spare) in the Persian Gulf, belonging to the
5103:. Over 14,000 rounds were fired during these missions.
4608:
Second Front: Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War
4064:
leaders headed by the United Kingdom's Prime Minister,
4061:
3951:, which was defended by the Emiri Guard supported with
3349:
are the most common terms for the conflict used within
3189:" in the south, which became Iraq's 19th governorate.
19669:
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990
19214:
16574:
16537:"The United States Navy in Desert Shield/Desert Storm"
16518:
Arab Storm: Politics and Diplomacy Behind the Gulf War
16254:. Claymont, DE: Orders and Medals Society of America.
16219:
Brands, H. W. "George Bush and the Gulf War of 1991."
15254:
Kuwaiti Oil Fires: Regional Environmental Perspectives
13976:
13919:
13888:
13792:"Role of Kuwaiti Armed Forces in the Persian Gulf War"
13661:"Saudi Arabia – Persian Gulf War, 1991"
13555:
13239:
12840:
12384:
12317:
11892:
11822:
11820:
11541:
11529:
11517:
11505:
10995:
10993:
10859:"Fixed-Wing Combat Aircraft Attrition in Desert Storm"
9777:
8147:
6915:
Destroyed Iraqi civilian and military vehicles on the
6806:, of 1,016 U.S. Gulf War veterans found evidence of a
3746:, where riots had resulted in Palestinian deaths, was
3523:) was the Italian name for the operations and conflict
26959:
16579:. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress
15660:"Gulf War Coverage: The Worst Censorship Was at Home"
14990:"Sanctions on Iraq: A Valid Anti-American Grievance?"
14657:"Sanctions on Iraq: A Valid Anti-American Grievance?"
13711:"Soldier Reported Dead Shows Up at Parents' Doorstep"
12770:""Cheney changed his view on Iraq", by Charles Pope,
12538:
11493:
11101:
10769:
10745:
10698:
9108:
9096:
9072:
9060:
9045:
8992:
8867:
6167:
ships were also deployed. The light aircraft carrier
4769:
limiting the number of casualties from Scud attacks.
4700:
Iraqi Scud missile strikes on Israel and Saudi Arabia
4387:
The next day, 7 September, he did just that, and the
3640:
reached a record spike in 1982. When Iraqi President
3545:
for the period 17 January 1991, through 11 April 1991
3539:
for the period 2 August 1990, through 16 January 1991
3296:
The war is also known under other names, such as the
3236:
as the largest lead-up contributors, in that order.
19597:
Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992
17215:
Master Index of Desert Storm Oral History Interviews
16002:, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1993.
16000:
The Pentagon Wars: Reformers Challenge the Old Guard
14437:
14435:
14139:
26 January 2003, Page: A11 Section: National/Foreign
14039:
13996:"Gulf War Veterans' Medically Unexplained Illnesses"
13751:
Miller, Judith. "Syria Plans to Double Gulf Force."
13517:
13170:"The Use of Terror During Iraq's Invasion of Kuwait"
12841:
Alexandrescu, Grigore; Băhnăreanu, Cristian (2007).
12069:
Paul W. Westermeyer (28 January – 1 February 1991).
10789:
Mideast Tensions; No Compromise on Kuwait, Bush Says
10742:(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992)
10349:
10347:
9902:
9666:
9356:
9279:
8325:"The Use of Terror during Iraq's invasion of Kuwait"
7958:
7956:
7290:
into the Persian Gulf, causing the largest offshore
6699:
Sailors from a US Navy honor guard carry Navy pilot
4282:
dispatched two naval battle groups built around the
3325:
16088:
15776:"The Performance of the Patriot Missile in the war"
15082:
American University School of International Service
14056:
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
13126:"Desert Storm Part 22: Charge of the Heavy Brigade"
12068:
11857:
11855:
11817:
11782:
11658:
11656:
11107:
11024:
10990:
10947:"Information Paper: Iraq's Scud Ballistic Missiles"
10311:"UN Security Council Resolution 678, Iraq / Kuwait"
9377:
A Dictionary of Military History and the Art of War
9261:"The Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm Timeline"
8305:"Iraq air force wants Iran to give back its planes"
7517:
Gulf War Coverage: The Worst Censorship was at Home
7045:
Coalition bombing of Iraq's civilian infrastructure
6129:regiments (mainly with the 1st Armoured Division),
5325:(Army and Marines) also being in theatre. The U.S.
4177:. The White House rejected the proposal. The PLO's
3648:to Syria at the US's request in November 1983, the
3177:", it split Kuwait's sovereign territory into the "
37:"Desert Storm" redirects here. For other uses, see
27073:20th-century military history of the United States
17231:Bibliography of the Desert Shield and Desert Storm
16734:
16612:
16362:
16343:Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War
16145:
15889:. Center of Military History, United States Army.
15400:Guerra/Terrorismo – O maior bombardeio da história
15295:
15265:
15263:
15197:
14878:
13315:
13313:
13285:
13034:
11490:Desert Storm/Shield Valorous Unit Award Citations.
9751:"Myths & Facts – The Gulf Wars"
8973:"OPEC pressures Kuwait to moderate quota demand",
8901:
5552:Ground troop movements 24–28 February 1991 during
5112:artillery prep was supplemented by air attacks by
19743:Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act
18457:Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present)
17205:Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
17196:Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
16575:Niksch, Larry A; Sutter, Robert G (23 May 1991).
16384:Hoskinson, Ronald Andrew; Jarvis, Norman (1994).
15105:
15103:
14642:, Vol. 74, No. 1, January/February 1995, pp.61–62
14432:
13870:"Střelecká soutěž – Memoriál ppor. Petra Šimonky"
13745:
13033:Morin, Jean H.; Gimblett, Richard Howard (1997).
12818:. Forsvaret.dk. 24 September 2010. Archived from
11486:
11484:
11482:
11480:
11478:
11476:
11192:
11190:
10887:Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War
10589:. Miller Center of Public Affairs. Archived from
10438:"The Unfinished War: A Decade Since Desert Storm"
10344:
9467:"Iraqis loot Kuwait's central bank of gold, cash"
8317:
8028:Crusade, The untold story of the Persian Gulf War
7953:
7609:Military personnel examine the remains of a Scud.
7367:
7272:out of the area through water diversion tactics.
7003:
6036:French and American soldiers inspecting an Iraqi
5740:being established in northern and southern Iraq.
5441:brigades (the 4th and 7th) which participated in
5317:. The primary American attack helicopter was the
5199:M109 howitzers belonging to 4th Battalion of the
4854:Iraqi invasion of Saudi Arabia (Battle of Khafji)
4480:
4153:On 29 November 1990, the Security Council passed
3736:, a journalist working for the British newspaper
3589:politics. The US also disliked Iraqi support for
27019:
26475:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States
21476:
19766:Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
16835:"Third World War in the Gulf: A New World Order"
16199:Attack Aircraft Proliferation: Areas for Concern
16194:
16115:. International Journal of Global Energy Issues.
15289:
15140:Note: The cited supporting source uses the term
14869:
14174:"Depleted Uranium: The Horrific Legacy of Basra"
13072:"25 years from the "Locust" operation"
13064:
11852:
11653:
11474:
11472:
11470:
11468:
11466:
11464:
11462:
11460:
11458:
11456:
10986:Gideon's Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad
9342:"Kuwait: Organization and Mission of the Forces"
9255:
9253:
9251:
9131:"Iraq Threatens Emirates And Kuwait on Oil Glut"
8806:
8448:"Tenth anniversary of the Gulf War: A look back"
8090:"TAB H – Friendly-fire Incidents"
7924:
7330:Oil well fires rage outside Kuwait City in 1991.
7201:
7058:support itself as an industrial society ...
5405:tanks. British infantry rode into battle on the
5162:complex. The Iraqis engaged the Task Force with
4752:incorrect use of the anti-chemical weapons drug
4591:in which a young woman identifying herself as a
1461:137 aircraft flown to Iran to escape destruction
24912:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972
24319:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
18610:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)
16089:Atkinson, Rick; Devroy, Ann (12 January 1991).
15914:. Denton, TX: University of North Texas Press.
15465:
15296:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023).
15260:
15109:
14101:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
13909:"Kuwait hopes for answers on its Gulf War POWs"
13310:
12728:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
12519:International, Radio Canada (6 November 2015).
11377:"Washingtonpost.com: Fog of War – Post Archive"
11290:"SAUDI KING FAHD ORDERS GAS MASKS FOR EVERYONE"
11018:
9510:S. Daniel Abraham Center for Strategic Dialogue
9435:Cooper, Tom; Sadik, Ahmad (16 September 2003).
6800:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
6186:armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding-sabot
5532:forces were expelled from Kuwait. As part of a
5498:Order of battle of the Gulf War ground campaign
5154:artillery battery and many trucks and bunkers.
1644:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)
27088:United States Marine Corps in the 20th century
16771:
15936:. Carlisle Barracks, PA: US Army War College.
15887:Jayhawk! The 7th Corps in the Persian Gulf War
15835:"Observer review: Jarhead by Anthony Swofford"
15766:
15764:
15651:
15418:
15331:
15329:
15195:
15100:
15017:Dyson, Tim; Cetorelli, Valeria (1 July 2017).
15016:
14501:
13413:Dyson, Tim; Cetorelli, Valeria (1 July 2017).
13412:
13128:. British Army Official Blog. 28 February 2016
12563:
12561:
12559:
12557:
12555:
12553:
12064:
12062:
12060:
11317:
11187:
10694:
10692:
10414:. CNN Editorial Research. 2020. Archived from
9428:
9209:
9207:
9205:
8327:. The Jewish Agency for Israel. Archived from
8212:The Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm 1990–1991
7878:Persian Gulf War, the Sandhurst-trained Prince
7717:United Nations Iraq–Kuwait Observation Mission
7547:. The Gulf War was the last conflict in which
7178:United Nations Security Council Resolution 661
6846:
6005:squadron with support personnel, as well as a
5936:Argentina was later classified by the US as a
5593:
5082:pose with a captured Iraqi tank, February 1991
4970:Military operations during Khafji's liberation
4535:Public relations campaign targeting the public
4004:
3465:from 17 January 1991 through 28 February 1991
3240:United Nations Security Council Resolution 678
3149:On 2 August 1990, Iraq, governed by President
1427:850+ other armored vehicles destroyed/captured
26635:
23808:
21747:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution
21462:
20263:
19919:
19736:Housing and Community Development Act of 1992
19247:
18705:
17920:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
17757:
17329:
17305:
17296:United States Army Center of Military History
17235:United States Army Center of Military History
17226:United States Army Center of Military History
16091:"U.S. Claims Iraqi Nuclear Reactors Hit Hard"
15909:
15365:
15225:Wellman, Robert Campbell (14 February 1999).
15155:
13940:Persian Gulf War – MSN Encarta
13032:
12518:
11960:
11948:
11453:
11250:"Scud Hits Tel Aviv, Leaving 3 Dead, 96 Hurt"
11248:Atkinson, Rick; Balz, Dan (23 January 1991).
11163:"Three Israelis killed as Scuds hit Tel Aviv"
10856:
10440:. CNN In-Depth Specials. 2001. Archived from
10378:Baker, James Addison, and Thomas M. DeFrank.
9248:
8626:"Gulf War – Op Granby | Royal Signals Museum"
8418:
8246:
8244:
8204:
8202:
7727:SIPRI Arms Transfers Database, Iraq 1973–1990
7426:The examples and perspective in this section
7256:Many international organizations such as the
7236:of over 7,500 square miles (19,000 km).
6853:Depleted uranium § Health considerations
5962:to deploy a Naval Task Group. The destroyers
5651:Meanwhile, US forces attacked the village of
5041:, consisting primarily of the 1st Battalion,
4833:47 Scud missiles were fired into Saudi Arabia
3607:, US special envoy to the Middle East, meets
3093:
2645:
1672:
1528:
202:(6 months, 3 weeks and 5 days)
26649:
26551:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
24102:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council
22671:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
16824:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
16462:"Independent Policy Forum Luncheon Honoring"
16365:Every Man a Tiger: The Gulf War Air Campaign
16360:
16325:. New York u.a.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
15439:
14917:"Iraq surveys show 'humanitarian emergency'"
14429:. 12 September 1991. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
14395:
14162:12 November 2002. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
14119:
11247:
10587:"Address Before a Joint Session of Congress"
10220:
10029:
9928:
9926:
8208:
7600:
7566:, which disperse numerous submunitions, and
6831:associated with higher levels of the type Q
5837:Australian contribution to the 1991 Gulf War
5669:
4610:, and came to wide public attention when an
3427:
3400:
26740:Gulf Organization for Industrial Consulting
25412:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
19759:Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
17773:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
17009:(1998). It is frequently discussed as well.
16451:. iUniverse (2003 and 2008). Archived from
16019:
15761:
15743:"Something wrong with our **** chips today"
15471:
15326:
14995:Middle East Review of International Affairs
14863:
14665:Middle East Review of International Affairs
14629:23 June 1991, Washington Post, Bart Gellman
14127:Iraqis Trace Surge in Cancer to US Bombings
13150:. British Army Official Blog. 11 March 2016
12877:
12697:
12695:
12617:
12570:
12550:
12223:"The British Challenger 1 Main Battle Tank"
12209:
12127:
12108:
12057:
11277:In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir
10689:
9784:Middle East Review of International Affairs
9773:
9771:
9434:
9202:
9015:A History of the Modern Middle East. 2nd Ed
8924:
8030:. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1993. pp. 332–3
7116:
6977:the assault was inside an armored vehicle.
6798:A 2022 study by Dr. Robert W. Haley of the
5572:Elements of the 2nd Brigade, 1st Battalion
5120:fixed wing gunships. 1st Infantry Division
4632:the sake of destruction ... Imagine a
3569:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
26642:
26628:
26515:United States involvement in regime change
24070:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
23815:
23801:
21469:
21455:
20270:
20256:
19926:
19912:
19254:
19240:
19169:History of the Central Intelligence Agency
19154:Length of U.S. participation in major wars
18712:
18698:
17764:
17750:
17336:
17322:
17261:20th Anniversary of Desert Storm in Photos
16780:. Vol. 47, no. 4. Archived from
15910:Bourque, Stephen A.; Burdan, John (2007).
15783:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
15770:
15494:
15448:"Picture power: Death of an Iraqi soldier"
15112:"Duke Magazine-Oil Spill-After the Deluge"
14885:Yusufzai, Rahimullah (26 September 2001).
14458:"The gulf war: appendix: Iraqi death toll"
13078:
10807:
9813:. Concord Learning Systems. Archived from
9537:
9192:"Interrogator Shares Saddam's Confessions"
8728:
8369:
8241:
8199:
7742:Post–World War II air-to-air combat losses
7444:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
7082:
5543:
4764:. As a result, Israel's government issued
3691:Iraq also accused Kuwait of exceeding its
3100:
3086:
2652:
2638:
1679:
1665:
1535:
1521:
22195:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
20578:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
19822:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990
16664:
16635:SAS first units ground January into iraq.
16064:Arbuthnot, Felicity (17 September 2000).
16063:
15657:
15050:
14948:"Truth and death in Iraq under sanctions"
14279:
14269:
14243:
14171:
14071:
13566:
13542:
13446:
12873:
12871:
12576:
12484:
11972:
11861:
11843:
11839:
11837:
11410:
11138:
11063:
10824:
9923:
9877:. New York: United Nations: 52–53. 1993.
9832:. New York: United Nations: 33–35. 1993.
9611:
9609:
9300:
8813:U.S. Army Professional Writing Collection
8476:
8039:Captain Todd A. Buchs, B. Co. Commander,
7778:
7460:Learn how and when to remove this message
7334:The Kuwaiti oil fires were caused by the
6071:Following the invasion and annexation of
5940:due to its contributions during the war.
5001:
4954:Learn how and when to remove this message
4593:nurse working in the Kuwait City hospital
4377:series of UN Security Council resolutions
4130:Weapons training at Abu Hydra Range, 1990
3955:tanks. In the process, the Iraqis killed
2508:Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party
430:
20402:Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire
19808:North American Wetlands Conservation Act
19225:) is being considered for deletion. See
18656:Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
16896:"25 years since the "Locusta" Operation"
16796:
16148:The Gulf Crisis and Its Global Aftermath
16139:
16022:M60 vs T-62: Cold War Combatants 1956–92
15975:
15714:
15366:Peters, John E; Deshong, Howard (1995).
15271:"How much did the Gulf War cost the US?"
15229:. U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from
14884:
14577:
14302:
13906:
13637:. Britains-smallwars.com. Archived from
13522:. United States Dept. of the Air Force.
13214:
12692:
11922:
11350:U. S. Government Accountability Office.
10922:. C-SPAN. 9 January 1991. Archived from
10699:Arthur E. (Ted) Rowse (September 1992).
10654:
10585:Bush, George H. W. (11 September 1990).
10391:
10280:Gen. Schwarzkopf's Famed News Conference
10123:
9932:
9780:"The 1991 Gulf War And Jordan's Economy"
9768:
9336:
9334:
9301:Abulhasan, Mohammad A. (2 August 1990).
8837:
8770:
8724:
8722:
8720:
8718:
8681:
8645:
8278:"Appendix A: Chronology – February 1991"
8135:Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait; 1990 (Air War)
7604:
7532:
7399:offered $ 2 billion in assistance.
7354:
7325:
7010:Palestinian exodus from Kuwait (1990–91)
6954:
6910:
6856:
6694:
6200:
6116:
6031:
5884:
5808:
5798:
5679:
5597:
5547:
5501:
5391:
5296:
5194:
5131:
5073:
5017:
4965:
4713:
4692:Iraqi anti-aircraft defenses, including
4665:
4544:
4428:
4365:
4269:
4219:
4159:
4125:
4110:followed soon after, which authorized a
4074:
3977:
3893:
3841:
3752:
3599:
2755:43rd Vice President of the United States
1372:1,000,000+ soldiers (~600,000 in Kuwait)
27278:Wars involving the United Arab Emirates
24641:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)
22350:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
19866:Water Resources Development Act of 1992
19859:Water Resources Development Act of 1990
19787:Matsunaga Hydrogen RD&D Act of 1990
19604:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
19443:
18329:Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution
17172:M60 vs T-62 Cold War Combatants 1956–92
17100:Glass (Pray the Electrons Back to Sand)
16755:
16650:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
16640:
16535:Naval Historical Center (15 May 1991).
16404:
16318:
16249:
16110:
15928:
15884:
15256:. Oxford: BPC Wheatons Ltd. p. 68.
15224:
14939:
14819:
14817:
14481:
13585:
13583:
13581:
13579:
13577:
13575:
13518:Keaney, Thomas; Eliot A. Cohen (1993).
13260:
13256:
13254:
13148:"Desert Storm Part 24: Back to Germany"
12629:American Public Opinion on the Iraq War
12472:
12435:
12405:
12393:
12378:
12359:
12347:
12335:
12323:
12311:
12299:
12278:
12259:
12244:
12051:
12032:
12017:
11910:
11898:
11802:
11776:
11761:
11749:
11734:
11717:
11700:
11688:
11676:
11647:
11632:
11620:
11608:
11591:
11574:
11562:
11550:
11535:
11523:
11511:
11499:
11287:
11001:"The day Israel's wars changed forever"
10944:
10920:"Geneva Meeting on Persian Gulf Crisis"
10456:
10124:Friedman, Thomas L. (11 January 1991).
9974:. New York. 13 August 1990. pp. A8
9503:"Iran, Israel and the Shi'ite Crescent"
9375:Childs, John; Corvisier, André (1994).
9368:
9235:
8598:
8470:
8168:
7920:
7918:
7837:
7835:
7833:
7194:, widespread poverty and malnutrition.
7066:, French diplomat Eric Rouleau wrote:
6758:destroyed a group of two Warrior IFVs.
6208:fleeing to Turkey shortly after the war
6121:British Army convoy during the Gulf War
5485:
4361:
3565:Iran–United States relations after 1979
3507:was the name of the Canadian operations
14:
27020:
26815:Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict
26730:Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Unity Forum
26485:Russian espionage in the United States
24757:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
17288: – www.gulflink.osd.mil
17243:Desert Shield/Desert Storm Photographs
16732:
16689:
16591:
16555:
16475:
16426:
16297:
16276:
15251:
15072:
15070:
14945:
14497:
14495:
14493:
14441:
14410:
14408:
14406:
14404:
13982:
13925:
13894:
13867:
13306:from the original on 18 November 2018.
13245:
12868:
12623:
12485:Rosenthal, Andrew (28 February 1991).
11834:
11226:
10975:, 1990–1991 (Princeton, 1993), 331–41.
10775:
10763:
10751:
10611:
10545:Freedman, Lawrence, and Efraim Karsh.
10017:1990: Outrage at Iraqi TV hostage show
10009:
9991:
9989:
9897:International Law, Cases and Materials
9778:Ziad Swaidan; Mihai Nica (June 2002).
9681:
9675:
9615:
9606:
9412:. Users.lighthouse.net. Archived from
9407:
9362:
9294:
9288:
9178:
9117:
9102:
9090:
9078:
9066:
9054:
9001:
8986:
8961:
8888:
8873:
8599:Defence, National (11 December 2018).
8539:
7989:
7489:Two BBC journalists, John Simpson and
7026:The Palestinians who fled Kuwait were
6963:similar to the ones used in the attack
5382:Battle of Kuwait International Airport
5327:Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II
5237:Battle of Kuwait International Airport
4831:In addition to the attacks on Israel,
4329:. The Bitburg contingent was based at
2541:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party
1577:Iraq no-fly zones conflict (1991–2003)
878:
150:wrecked and abandoned vehicles on the
26623:
26480:Soviet espionage in the United States
24636:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966
24415:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
24080:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
23796:
23278:
23040:
22702:
21506:
21450:
21137:
21029:
20851:
20726:
20299:
20251:
19907:
19235:
18693:
17745:
17317:
17304:
16852:
16832:
16772:Walker, Paul; Stambler, Eric (1991).
16708:
16610:
16515:
16459:
16399:
16195:Bolkom, Christopher; Pike, Jonathan.
15951:from the original on 26 December 2014
15832:
15591:"Series (The Gulf Crisis TV Project)"
14984:
14790:
14651:
13998:. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
13283:
13222:"'Smarter' bombs still hit civilians"
13210:from the original on 10 October 2017.
12935:
12544:
10558:
10492:
10094:
10064:
10035:
9722:
9720:
9638:"Presentation on Gulf Oil Disruption"
9344:. Library of Congress Country Studies
9331:
9027:Hayes, Thomas C. (3 September 1990).
9026:
9020:
8967:
8914:from the original on 10 January 2022.
8800:
8715:
8529:. 5 November 1991. SH-AADF-D-000-396.
8396:
8394:
8209:Tucker-Jones, Anthony (31 May 2014).
8144:. Acig.org. Retrieved on 12 June 2011
7737:Military history of the United States
6181:Several SAS squadrons were deployed.
5912:(later replaced by another corvette,
5529:Saddam ordered a retreat from Kuwait,
5433:which was comparable to the American
5276:1st Infantry Division (United States)
5080:1st Battalion, 41st Infantry Regiment
4681:The Gulf War began with an extensive
4579:for about $ 11 million, paid by
3969:Provisional Government of Free Kuwait
3837:
1660:
1542:
1516:
1493:142,500–206,000 deaths (According to
26556:Soviet Union–United States relations
24907:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
21431:
21373:Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu)
19794:National Environmental Education Act
19149:Timeline of U.S. military operations
16694:(3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
16339:
16166:
15969:Challenger Squadron by Simon Dunstan
15412:
15110:Jeffrey Pollack (March–April 2003).
14814:
14557:
14522:
13794:. Country-data.com. 24 February 1991
13572:
13357:"Bid to stem civilian deaths tested"
13354:
13251:
12917:from the original on 5 November 2013
12667:, Vintage (2007 reprint), at p. 646.
12090:Blitzkrieg in the Gulf by Yves Debay
11288:Ottaway, David B. (31 August 1990).
10971:Lawrence Freedman and Efraim Karsh,
10905:Lawrence Freedman and Efraim Karsh,
10889:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, p. 47.
10584:
10216:Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam.
10095:Tyler, Patrick E. (3 January 1991).
9236:Ibrahim, Youssef M. (26 July 1990).
8934:Air Combat Information Group Journal
8458:from the original on 22 October 2007
8229:from the original on 5 December 2022
7915:
7830:
7678:(2005), which is based on US Marine
7597:, leading to more precise bombings.
7412:
7309:
7230:United Nations Environment Programme
7208:Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes
6950:
5288:1st Cavalry Division (United States)
5284:2nd Cavalry Regiment (United States)
5272:3rd Armored Division (United States)
5268:1st Armored Division (United States)
5078:Soldiers of 2nd Platoon, Company C,
4892:adding citations to reliable sources
4863:
4710:Iraqi rocket attacks on Saudi Arabia
4023:
3439:
3198:international sanctions against Iraq
3140:aerial bombing campaign against Iraq
1570:Iraqi Kurdish/Shi'a uprisings (1991)
27078:Operations involving special forces
26520:Soviet involvement in regime change
21421:
19727:U.S. Global Change Research Program
16833:Frank, Andre Gunder (20 May 1991).
16799:A History of the Modern Middle East
16758:"The Unseen Gulf War (photo essay)"
16361:Clancy, Tom; Horner, Chuck (1999).
15067:
14585:"Palestinians Open Kuwaiti Embassy"
14490:
14401:
14376:
14019:Medical Letter on the CDC & FDA
13380:The New England Journal of Medicine
12752:"Abbas apology to Kuwait over Iraq"
11005:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com
10909:, 1990–1991 (Princeton, 1993), 332.
10561:"Security Council Seat Tied to Aid"
10392:Haberman, Clyde (20 January 1991).
9986:
9866:
9821:
9544:The Journal of Intelligence History
9538:Al-Marashi, Ibrahim (Winter 2003).
9485:"The Stolen Dinars of Kuwait – PMG"
8043:. Publisher/Editor Unknown. p. 111.
7580:Airborne Warning and Control System
7529:List of Gulf War military equipment
7079:facilities throughout the country.
6900:
6772:
6336:Coalition troops killed by country
6273:The New England Journal of Medicine
5629:24th Infantry Division (Mechanized)
5429:, used for reconnaissance, and the
5105:M270 Multiple Launch Rocket Systems
4620:. This prompted a reexamination by
4441:visit US troops in Saudi Arabia on
4380:of force if Iraq failed to comply.
4093:Palestinian Liberation Organization
4028:
3391:. Terms in other languages include
3380:
3353:, though it may also be called the
3212:deployed troops and equipment into
2856:41st President of the United States
1401:776 wounded (467 wounded in action)
24:
26849:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran
26561:Soviet Union–United States summits
24035:1947 Polish parliamentary election
23920:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
22037:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
22027:Assassination of James A. Garfield
19933:
19713:Global Change Research Act of 1990
19683:Integrated Farm Management Program
18566:Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)
17991:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
16774:"... and the dirty little weapons"
16020:Nordeen, Lon; Isby, David (2010).
15664:Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting
14946:Spagat, Michael (September 2010).
14874:. Simon & Schuster. p. 3.
14334:"Depleted Uranium – Public Health"
13720:. Associated Press. 22 March 1991.
13611:
13543:al-Khalil, Samir (11 April 1991).
12678:"Flashback: the 1991 Iraqi revolt"
12579:"Carriers in the Persian Gulf War"
10480:from the original on 12 April 2019
10317:. 29 November 1990. Archived from
10283:. 29 December 2012. Archived from
9717:
9495:
9229:
8589:, Mohammad-Mahmoud Mohamedou, 1997
8391:
8283:Naval History and Heritage Command
8258:from the original on 22 April 2022
8052:
7859:from the original on 12 April 2019
7643:
7513:Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting
5190:
4400:1983 bombing of US Marine barracks
4251:. He combined the language of the
4166:11th Air Defense Artillery Brigade
3975:as Kuwait's governor on 8 August.
3573:Rationale for the Persian Gulf war
3320:(also referred to in the U.S. as "
3268:. It has also earned the nickname
3202:UN Security Council Resolution 661
3194:UN Security Council Resolution 660
2080:The Genius of Arabic in Its Tongue
25:
18:Operation Desert Shield (Gulf War)
27304:
27283:Wars involving the United Kingdom
26944:Category:Gulf Cooperation Council
26927:GCC Youth Athletics Championships
26808:Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
25322:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
25257:United States invasion of Grenada
24527:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
24468:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania
22069:Assassination of William McKinley
20123:Mother: Subha Tulfah al-Mussallat
19993:Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory
19229:to help reach a consensus. ›
18906:American–Algerian War (1785–1795)
18403:1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt
17179:
17174:(by Lon Nordeen & David Isby)
17003:Used as a back drop for the film
16778:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
16499:
16446:
16427:Little, Allan (1 December 1997).
16236:
15670:from the original on 6 April 2016
14734:"The Flight That Changed My Life"
14352:"Depleted Uranium Health Effects"
14047:Environmental Health Perspectives
13868:Sornas, Ladislav (15 July 2021).
13340:. 6 February 2003. Archived from
13284:Tyler, Patrick E. (3 June 1991).
13261:Conetta, Carl (20 October 2003).
12987:"La Armada Argentina en el Golfo"
12884:. New York: Crown Forum. p.
12709:from the original on 15 June 2010
11025:Fetter, Steve; Lewis, George N.;
10655:Chardell, Daniel (29 June 2023).
10643:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
9804:
8513:. (PDF). Retrieved on 2014-05-24.
8379:. Project on Defense Alternatives
7663:Gulf War: Operation Desert Hammer
7402:
6106:
5174:fire, and what was left of Iraqi
4744:The coalition promised to deploy
4511:. Iraq was also known to possess
4335:South Carolina Air National Guard
4206:
3527:
1406:28 Bradley IFVs destroyed/damaged
112:From top to bottom, left to right
27288:Wars involving the United States
27005:
26993:
26981:
26969:
26939:
26938:
26922:GCC Volleyball Club Championship
26798:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
26725:GCC Standardization Organization
26698:
25397:United States invasion of Panama
25247:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War
24887:1971 Turkish military memorandum
24850:Communist insurgency in Thailand
24820:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
24752:Communist insurgency in Malaysia
24579:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
24507:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
24025:Restatement of Policy on Germany
23776:
23767:
23766:
23731:
23730:
22288:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
22081:Nadir of American race relations
21960:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
21430:
21420:
21410:
21401:
21400:
20706:2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis
20280:
20233:
20232:
20035:
19838:Pollution Prevention Act of 1990
19632:Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
18441:Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s)
17034:film based on the true story of
16756:Turnley, Peter (December 2002).
16302:. Salon Magazine. Archived from
16119:
15860:
15826:
15804:
15735:
15708:
15682:
15630:
15609:
15583:
15564:
15542:
15515:
15488:
15393:
15359:
15245:
15218:
15189:
15148:. For more information, see the
15134:
14978:
14923:. 12 August 1999. Archived from
14909:
14843:
14774:
14752:
14736:. Johnnichol.com. Archived from
14726:
14713:
14691:
14645:
14632:
14623:
14599:
14475:
14450:
14389:
14370:
14344:
14325:
14296:
14237:
14196:
14165:
14142:
14033:
14010:
13988:
13951:
13931:
13900:
13861:
13836:
13806:
13784:
13758:
13723:
13704:
13653:
13627:
13605:
13536:
13511:
13488:
13463:
13406:
13367:
13348:
13326:
13277:
13192:
13176:. 22 August 2007. Archived from
13162:
13140:
13118:
13096:
13026:
13005:
12979:
12970:
12944:
12929:
12902:
12834:
12808:
12788:
12762:
12744:
12721:
12670:
12652:
12605:
12593:
12512:
12478:
12457:
12441:
12420:
12411:
12229:
12215:
12189:
12180:
12142:
12133:
12093:
12084:
11999:. Armyhistory.org. 30 April 2016
11989:
11966:
11928:
11878:
11808:
11430:
11404:
11369:
11343:
11281:
11269:
11241:
11227:Kifner, John (23 January 1991).
11220:
11155:
11080:
10978:
10965:
10938:
10912:
10899:
10876:
10850:
10801:
10781:
10729:
10667:
10648:
10636:
10605:
10578:
10559:Lynch, Colum (1 November 2006).
10552:
10539:
10514:
10430:
10404:
10385:
10372:
10325:
10303:
10271:
10246:
10206:
10183:
10170:
10157:
10144:
10117:
9512:. pp. 14–15. Archived from
9437:"Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait; 1990"
8940:from the original on 6 July 2013
8930:"Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait; 1990"
8928:; Sadik, Ahmad (6 August 2007).
7417:
7156:interpreted the Islamic prophet
7053:, reporter Bart Gellman wrote:
6748:
6670:
6645:
6620:
6595:
6571:
6546:
6521:
6496:
6471:
6445:
6418:
6393:
6366:
5538:set fire to nearly 700 oil wells
5407:Warrior tracked armoured vehicle
4868:
4787:
4776:
4694:man-portable air-defense systems
4650:
4527:. Iraq was also known to have a
3957:Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
3949:Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
3543:Liberation and Defense of Kuwait
3537:Defense of Saudi Arabian country
3073:
3067:
2671:
2528:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party
1907:
1457:2,200 artillery pieces destroyed
1431:8 aircraft captured (Mirage F1s)
1411:2 British Warrior APCs destroyed
1342:
1330:
1318:
1306:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1258:
1246:
1228:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1084:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1036:
1024:
1012:
1000:
988:
976:
964:
952:
940:
928:
916:
904:
880:
862:
848:
835:
822:
809:
796:
783:
770:
757:
744:
731:
718:
705:
692:
679:
666:
653:
640:
627:
614:
601:
588:
575:
562:
549:
536:
523:
510:
497:
485:
472:
459:
446:
432:
418:
405:
393:
367:
354:
341:
328:
314:
300:
101:
92:
81:
72:
61:
27083:Presidency of George H. W. Bush
26755:Bilateral free-trade agreements
26117:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
25498:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
25427:Fall of the inner German border
25327:1988 Black Sea bumping incident
24977:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
24967:Spanish transition to democracy
24927:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency
24554:Communist insurgency in Sarawak
24060:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
23941:Occupation of the Baltic states
21990:First transcontinental railroad
21185:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
20608:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
20598:1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes
20337:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
19263:Presidency of George H. W. Bush
19222:Presidency of George H. W. Bush
18623:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
18592:Syrian War spillover in Lebanon
18346:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
16692:Iraq: from Sumer to post-Saddam
16594:100 Years of Australians at War
16429:"Iraq coming in from the cold?"
16113:"The War Over the Price of Oil"
16056:
15317:Gross Domestic Product deflator
14851:What Does Osama Bin Laden Want?
14806:. 28 March 2003. Archived from
14244:Hindin R.; et al. (2005).
13686:Schmitt, Eric (22 March 1991).
12844:Operații militare expediționare
12794:New York Times, 15 Mar. 1991, "
11411:Wilkinson, Jeff (29 May 2016).
11327:. Iraqwatch.org. Archived from
10787:New York Times, 24 Oct. 1990, "
10612:Heller, Jean (6 January 1991).
10333:Egypt's 'Reward': Forgiven Debt
10331:New York Times, 10 Apr. 1991, "
10088:
10058:
9999:. Feldheim Publishers, p. 179.
9958:
9889:
9844:
9798:
9743:
9630:
9570:
9531:
9477:
9459:
9401:
9184:
9146:
9123:
9007:
8894:
8831:
8764:
8675:
8639:
8618:
8592:
8580:
8533:
8516:
8497:
8440:
8343:
8297:
8270:
8174:
8108:
8082:
8073:
8046:
8033:
8020:
7807:
7765:
7752:The Gulf War Did Not Take Place
7551:were deployed in a combat role.
7374:Arab States of the Persian Gulf
7262:Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq
7062:In the Jan/Feb 1995 edition of
7049:In the 23 June 1991 edition of
5602:Aerial view of destroyed Iraqi
4879:needs additional citations for
4655:
4629:summary execution without trial
3971:" before installing his cousin
3959:, the Emir's youngest brother.
3581:, Iraq had been an ally of the
1582:Iraq air strikes (January 1993)
27218:Wars involving the Philippines
27188:Wars involving the Netherlands
24897:Four Power Agreement on Berlin
24532:Mozambican War of Independence
23971:Indonesian National Revolution
20468:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
20120:Father: Hussein 'Abid al-Majid
19690:Stewardship Incentives Program
19184:List of anti-war organizations
17622:Iraqi rocket attacks on Israel
16675:. New York, NY: Random House.
16298:Forbes, Daniel (15 May 2000).
16221:Presidential Studies Quarterly
15877:
15593:. 11 July 2010. Archived from
14825:"US pulls out of Saudi Arabia"
13874:Sdružení válečných veteránů ČR
13591:"In-Depth Specials – Gulf War"
13334:"Toting the Casualties of War"
12664:The Great War for Civilisation
12612:Twentieth Century Battlefields
10810:"Limited War: The Stereotypes"
10677:. Prwatch.org. 28 October 2004
10661:Texas National Security Review
10065:Royce, Knut (3 January 1991).
10036:Royce, Knut (29 August 1990).
10026:". Retrieved 2 September 2007.
9875:Report of the Security Council
9830:Report of the Security Council
9729:Report of the Security Council
9616:Levins, John M. (March 1995).
9556:10.1080/16161262.2003.10555087
9410:"Eyewitness, Col. Fred Hart 1"
8011:
8004:Scales, Brig. Gen. Robert H.:
7998:
7990:CheckPoint, Ludovic Monnerat.
7983:
7980:18 M1 Abrams, 11 M60, 2 AMX-30
7974:
7894:
7871:
7775:after the end of the Gulf War.
7409:Media coverage of the Gulf War
7378:Overseas Development Institute
7368:Effect on developing countries
7148:, and the date chosen for the
7142:11 September terrorist attacks
7016:Palestinian exodus from Kuwait
7004:Palestinian exodus from Kuwait
6302:Iraqi rocket attacks on Israel
5280:2nd Armored Division (Forward)
4706:Iraqi rocket attacks on Israel
4614:by MacArthur was published in
4481:Justification for intervention
4215:Operation Desert Shield (Iraq)
3708:across the border into Iraq's
3626:increased its support for Iraq
3118:was an armed conflict between
1486:Total Iraqi losses (including
147:practicing casualty evacuation
13:
1:
27128:Wars involving Czechoslovakia
26495:CIA and the Cultural Cold War
25510:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
25463:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
25185:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts
25150:Seven Days to the River Rhine
24882:Corrective Revolution (Egypt)
24169:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état
24097:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
20727:
19096:War against the Islamic State
18393:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot
18034:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
16250:Emering, Edward John (2005).
15812:"The Patriot Missile Failure"
15658:Naureckas, Jim (April 1991).
15647:– via Internet Archive.
15626:– via Internet Archive.
15409:, access on 27 November 2011.
15298:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?"
14591:. 23 May 2013. Archived from
14502:Shafeeq Ghabra (8 May 1991).
14354:. ead.anl.gov. Archived from
14172:Ron McKay (14 January 2001).
13959:"The Cost of Women in Combat"
13323:(Fourth Estate, 2005), p.853.
12940:. Penguin Books. p. 181.
12602:by Christopher J Anderson P.8
11198:"Betrokkenheid van Nederland"
11110:"Why were Casualties so low?"
11031:"Why were Casualties so low?"
10500:"The Gulf War: Moscow's role"
10076:. Long Island, N.Y. p. 5
9647:. 22 May 1984. Archived from
8428:. Public Broadcasting Service
7966:. MSN Encarta. Archived from
7933:United States Naval Institute
7824:
7522:
7222:Tigris–Euphrates river system
7202:Draining of the Qurna Marshes
6927:debris—the Highway of Death.
6191:
6095:, which were deployed at the
6044:during Operation Desert Storm
6040:tank destroyed by the French
5492:Liberation of Kuwait campaign
3800:On the 25th, Saddam met with
3558:
3244:Iraq fired missiles at Israel
3179:Saddamiyat al-Mitla' District
2151:Syrian Committee to Help Iraq
1609:Iraqi conflict (2003–present)
1507:and Saudi Arabia, 309 injured
1425:≈200 tanks destroyed/captured
39:Desert Storm (disambiguation)
26902:Gulf Ice Hockey Championship
25488:Fall of communism in Albania
25458:Mongolian Revolution of 1990
25407:Polish Round Table Agreement
24747:1968 Polish political crisis
24564:Eritrean War of Independence
24330:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
24225:East German uprising of 1953
24157:Chinese Communist Revolution
23822:
23158:Hispanic and Latino American
22012:Second Industrial Revolution
21846:Nat Turner's slave rebellion
21552:Exploration of North America
21478:History of the United States
20964:in ISIL-controlled territory
20852:
18597:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
18584:Turkish involvement in Syria
18468:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
18299:Political violence in Turkey
18233:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
18140:Yemeni–Adenese clan violence
18019:Italian bombing of Palestine
17981:1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts
17930:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
17472:Iraq–United States relations
17343:
16111:Austvik, Ole Gunnar (1993).
15976:Dinackus, Thomas D. (2000).
15885:Bourque, Stephen A. (2001).
15833:Adams, Tim (23 March 2003).
15343:. March 1991. Archived from
15002:(4): 100–115. Archived from
14672:(4): 100–115. Archived from
14531:Journal of Palestine Studies
14312:Sandia National Laboratories
13355:Ford, Peter (9 April 2003).
12633:University of Michigan Press
11844:Chenoweth, H. Avery (2005).
10315:Council on Foreign Relations
9441:Air Combat Information Group
7275:
7171:
6987:things sticking out of them.
6761:
6330:
5874:
5867:to northern Iraq as part of
5830:
5625:3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment
5577:shots of the war when eight
5260:Kuwait International Airport
5201:3rd Field Artillery Regiment
5127:British 1st Armored Division
5051:3rd Field Artillery Regiment
4980:Saudi Arabian National Guard
3744:Israeli-occupied territories
3622:Operation Undeniable Victory
3357:(to distinguish it from the
2783:Reagan assassination attempt
2175:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
1860:Kuwait International Airport
1686:
1634:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
1629:Iraqi insurgency (2008–2011)
1619:Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006)
7:
27248:Wars involving Sierra Leone
27238:Wars involving Saudi Arabia
26897:GCC Athletics Championships
25362:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
25090:Korean Air Lines Flight 902
24835:Corrective Movement (Syria)
24799:New People's Army rebellion
24794:Sino-Soviet border conflict
24522:Angolan War of Independence
24385:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
24265:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
23910:Jamaican political conflict
22682:Indictments of Donald Trump
21873:First Industrial Revolution
21707:Declaration of Independence
21697:Second Continental Congress
21138:
21030:
20875:Council of Representatives
20613:Weapons of mass destruction
20300:
19720:National Climate Assessment
17849:Turkish War of Independence
17833:Unification of Saudi Arabia
17030:(2016) – A
15580:, accessed on 29 March 2011
15495:Peter Ruff (31 July 2006).
15150:Persian Gulf naming dispute
13907:Blanford, Nicholas (2001).
13772:(in Spanish). 14 March 1991
13392:10.1056/NEJM199209243271306
12878:Crocker III, H. W. (2006).
11973:Logan Nye (22 April 2022).
11961:Bourque & Burdan (2007)
11949:Bourque & Burdan (2007)
11862:Logan Nye (16 April 2021).
10834:. CNN. 2001. Archived from
10614:"Photos don't show buildup"
8353:. Red Cross. Archived from
7712:1973 Samita border skirmish
7699:
7595:electronic warfare aircraft
7440:, discuss the issue on the
7393:International Monetary Fund
7322:Environmental impact of war
6847:Effects of depleted uranium
6236:In one noted incident, two
6196:
5851:naval clearance diving team
5594:Coalition forces enter Iraq
5514:along the Line of Departure
5221:Battle of Phase Line Bullet
4848:floating point calculations
4844:loss of significance effect
4806:Royal Netherlands Air Force
4341:'s 174th Fighter Wing from
4339:New York Air National Guard
4175:weapons of mass destruction
4057:International Energy Agency
4005:Kuwaiti resistance movement
3595:State Sponsors of Terrorism
3365:to distinguish it from the
3326:
2797:Vice presidential campaigns
2180:Assadist-Saddamist conflict
1624:Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)
1592:Iraq missile strikes (1996)
1587:Iraq missile strikes (1993)
1413:1 artillery piece destroyed
1403:31 tanks destroyed/disabled
10:
27309:
27253:Wars involving South Korea
27193:Wars involving New Zealand
26760:Migrant workers in the GCC
25558:Sino-Indian border dispute
25387:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
25317:1987–1989 JVP insurrection
25075:1976 Argentine coup d'état
24987:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
24937:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état
24621:1964 Brazilian coup d'état
24589:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
24278:First Taiwan Strait Crisis
24045:Asian Relations Conference
23279:
23041:
22703:
22574:Killing of Osama bin Laden
21662:First Continental Congress
21507:
20603:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
19425:Presidential proclamations
19086:War in North-West Pakistan
18936:Second Sumatran expedition
18901:American Revolutionary War
18514:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
18508:Houthi insurgency in Yemen
18497:Balochi insurgency in Iran
18473:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
18309:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
18304:Islamist uprising in Syria
18282:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
18171:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
18057:Kurdish separatism in Iran
17976:Goharshad Mosque rebellion
17413:Petroleum industry in Iraq
17274:United States Marine Corps
16957:The Heroes of Desert Storm
16072:. Scotland. Archived from
15984:, Oregon: Hellgate Press.
15929:Hillman, James L. (1993).
15539:, access on 29 March 2011.
15476:. Famous Pictures Magazine
14180:. Scotland. Archived from
14160:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
12772:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
8008:. Brassey's, 1994, p. 279.
7556:Precision-guided munitions
7526:
7406:
7319:
7313:
7279:
7258:UN Human Rights Commission
7205:
7175:
7120:
7020:Iraqi occupation of Kuwait
7007:
6904:
6850:
6823:(including sarin) through
6776:
6765:
6668:
6643:
6618:
6593:
6569:
6544:
6519:
6494:
6469:
6443:
6416:
6391:
6364:
6110:
6064:
6025:
5947:
5906:ARA Almirante Brown (D-10)
5878:
5834:
5802:
5673:
5495:
5489:
5455:infantry fighting vehicles
5362:armored personnel carriers
5214:
5091:
5085:
5011:
5005:
4857:
4846:in the onboard computer's
4703:
4659:
4572:Citizens for a Free Kuwait
4538:
4323:36th Tactical Fighter Wing
4212:
4164:US Army soldiers from the
3941:attacked the Dasman Palace
3856:
3715:In 1989, it appeared that
3562:
2074:The Battle for One Destiny
2069:On the Way of Resurrection
1721:British Airways Flight 149
1602:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
36:
29:
27178:Wars involving Luxembourg
27113:Wars involving Bangladesh
27038:1991 in the United States
27033:1990 in the United States
26935:
26857:
26785:
26777:Workforce nationalization
26707:
26696:
26657:
26594:
26543:
26465:
26442:William Appleman Williams
26387:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
26169:
26141:
26090:
26022:
26015:
25949:
25814:
25739:
25669:
25662:
25571:
25518:
25450:
25163:
24902:Bangladesh Liberation War
24892:1971 Sudanese coup d'état
24807:
24779:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
24767:1968 Peruvian coup d'état
24430:
24205:Arab Cold War (1952–1979)
24182:
23892:
23830:
23752:
23718:
23662:
23626:
23614:
23353:
23327:
23289:
23285:
23274:
23047:
23036:
22709:
22698:
22564:
22467:
22395:
22296:
22207:
22158:Wall Street Crash of 1929
22089:
21970:
21955:Emancipation Proclamation
21886:
21809:
21757:
21724:Articles of Confederation
21677:
21562:Native American epidemics
21542:
21517:
21513:
21502:
21484:
21396:
21295:
21150:
21146:
21133:
21038:
21025:
20860:
20847:
20735:
20722:
20543:
20460:
20312:
20308:
20295:
20229:
20190:
20150:Uncle and Father-in-Law:
20111:
20090:
20044:
20033:
19941:
19875:
19815:Oil Pollution Act of 1990
19648:Energy Policy Act of 1992
19588:
19494:
19452:Joint session of Congress
19346:White House horseshoe pit
19270:
19131:
18931:First Sumatran expedition
18893:
18732:
18725:
18672:
18635:
18540:
18481:
18421:
18354:
18272:Black September in Jordan
18264:
18163:
18107:
18004:
17948:
17902:
17779:
17718:
17702:
17630:
17609:
17591:Operation Senior Surprise
17586:Operation Instant Thunder
17566:
17490:
17454:
17421:
17390:
17369:
17351:
17311:
17306:Links to related articles
17043:
16449:"The Gulf War Chronicles"
16277:Finlan, Alastair (2003).
15721:. John Wiley & Sons.
15692:. Fas.org. Archived from
15035:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000311
14887:"Face to face with Osama"
14870:Bergen, Peter L. (2001).
14612:22 September 2018 at the
13913:Christian Science Monitor
13520:Gulf War Air Power Survey
13431:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000311
13361:Christian Science Monitor
13226:Christian Science Monitor
13041:. Dundurn Press. p.
12976:Odgers 1999, pp. 356–371.
12210:Nordeen & Isby (2010)
12128:Nordeen & Isby (2010)
12109:Nordeen & Isby (2010)
12071:"The Battle of al-Khafji"
11125:(6410). London: 293–296.
10945:Rostker, Bernard (2000).
10382:. New York: Putnam, 1995.
10154:, 15 January 1991, p. A12
9997:Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
8815:. US Army. Archived from
8807:Douglas A. Borer (2003).
8481:. Cfr.org. Archived from
7925:Knights, Michael (2005).
7792:' is itself a subject of
7732:Loss of Strength Gradient
7669:Call of Duty: Black Ops 6
7657:Conflict: Desert Storm II
7638:Dutch Ministry of Defense
7601:Scud and Patriot missiles
7574:Global Positioning System
7372:Apart from the impact on
6768:Aftermath of the Gulf War
6229:. This ultimately led to
6021:
5943:
5869:Operation Provide Comfort
5805:Coalition of the Gulf War
5670:End of active hostilities
5459:armored fighting vehicles
5069:
5049:, and the 4th Battalion,
5022:Iraqi tanks destroyed by
4144:National Security Advisor
4040:National Security Council
3943:, the Royal Residence of
3875:Before the invasion, the
3553:Operation Provide Comfort
3549:Southwest Asia Cease-Fire
3484:Operation Desert Farewell
3274:American military history
3204:. British prime minister
2736:Bush School of Government
2552:
2539:
2526:
2516:
2506:
2468:
2447:
2426:
2405:
2384:
2363:
2347:
2326:
2310:
2289:
2268:
2247:
2226:
2205:
2110:November 1963 coup d'état
1966:
1956:
1946:
1936:
1926:
1696:
1565:Invasion of Kuwait (1990)
1555:Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)
1550:
1467:
1434:17 ships sunk, 6 captured
1382:
1357:
894:
290:
166:
140:laying down a smokescreen
132:burning Kuwaiti oil wells
55:
50:
32:Gulf War (disambiguation)
27103:Wars involving Australia
27098:Wars involving Argentina
27093:Gulf Cooperation Council
26651:Gulf Cooperation Council
25217:1980 Turkish coup d'état
25052:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
25022:1978 Somali coup attempt
24982:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
24947:1973 Chilean coup d'état
24772:Revolutionary Government
24666:South African Border War
24458:1960 Turkish coup d'état
24375:Iraqi 14 July Revolution
24230:1953 Iranian coup d'état
24210:1952 Egyptian revolution
23644:Northern Mariana Islands
22217:Strike wave of 1945–1946
20954:in Saddam Hussein's Iraq
20865:Administrative divisions
19891:Clinton administration →
19704:Wetlands Reserve Program
19625:Civil Rights Act of 1991
19395:Supreme Court candidates
19227:templates for discussion
18885:2021 U.S. Capitol attack
18845:Battle of Blair Mountain
18374:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
18369:1980 Turkish coup d'état
18188:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
18120:1953 Iranian coup d'état
18115:1952 Egyptian revolution
17843:1919 Egyptian revolution
17826:Mount Lebanon starvation
17726:History of the M1 Abrams
17596:Amiriyah shelter bombing
17220:31 December 2010 at the
16997:The Manchurian Candidate
16916:
16733:Tucker, Spencer (2010).
16718:. New York: Henry Holt.
16611:Riley, Jonathon (2010).
16386:"Gulf War Photo Gallery"
16239:"First Persian Gulf War"
16173:. Common Courage Press.
15964:Desert Storm: Ground War
14893:. London. Archived from
14699:"Frontline: War Stories"
14486:, Basingstoke: MacMillan
14396:Clancy & Horner 1999
14155:20 November 2008 at the
14132:2 September 2013 at the
13504:18 November 2018 at the
11442:19 February 2014 at the
10794:12 November 2018 at the
10526:U.S. Department of State
10365:18 November 2018 at the
10338:18 November 2018 at the
9995:Waldman, Shmuel (2005).
9917:www.margaretthatcher.org
9618:"The Kuwaiti Resistance"
8572:: CS1 maint: location (
8120:21 February 2014 at the
7758:
7559:cruise missiles fly by.
7150:1998 US embassy bombings
7123:Operation Southern Watch
7117:Operation Southern Watch
6815:gene, which produces an
6709:US Department of Defense
6307:
6060:
6018:against the Iraqi Navy.
5311:Bradley Fighting Vehicle
5094:Task Force 1-41 Infantry
5031:Task Force 1-41 Infantry
5024:Task Force 1-41 Infantry
5014:Task Force 1-41 Infantry
4813:including the ill-fated
3859:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
3291:
3259:Iraq–Saudi Arabia border
2899:Thousand points of light
2680:This article is part of
1968:Baath Party (pro-Syrian)
1469:Kuwaiti civilian losses:
1463:19 ships sunk, 6 damaged
143:British troops from the
27213:Wars involving Pakistan
26875:Arabian Gulf rugby team
26870:Arabian Gulf Futsal Cup
26820:Qatar diplomatic crisis
25422:Fall of the Berlin Wall
25367:People Power Revolution
25352:Central American crisis
25292:1986 Black Sea incident
24942:1973 Afghan coup d'état
24840:Western Sahara conflict
24651:1966 Syrian coup d'état
24574:1963 Syrian coup d'état
24517:Portuguese Colonial War
24480:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
24245:1954 Syrian coup d'état
24122:Annexation of Hyderabad
24065:1947–1949 Palestine war
23179:Middle Eastern American
22996:Technology and industry
21866:Seneca Falls Convention
21667:Continental Association
21567:Settlement of Jamestown
20513:Mandate for Mesopotamia
20387:First Babylonian Empire
20238:Category:Saddam Hussein
19954:1979 Ba'ath Party Purge
19882:← Reagan administration
19752:Immigration Act of 1990
19535:Chemical Weapons Accord
19144:Wars involving the U.S.
18981:Philippine–American War
18865:1960s ghetto rebellions
18603:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
18451:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
18446:Yemeni Civil War (1994)
18256:1966 Syrian coup d'état
18183:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
18024:Allied invasion of Iraq
17971:Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)
17894:Mahmud Barzanji revolts
17661:Draining of the marshes
17431:Battle of Dasman Palace
17279:Friendly-fire Incidents
17248:17 October 2015 at the
16592:Odgers, George (1999).
16556:Wright, Steven (2007).
16412:. London: John Murray.
16319:Hawley., T. M. (1992).
15715:McNamara, Joel (2007).
15576:4 February 2013 at the
15497:"Obituary: Bob Simpson"
15419:Lori Robertson (2007).
15196:Leckie, Robert (1998).
14760:"War Story:John Peters"
14484:The Wars Against Saddam
14338:www.publichealth.va.gov
13716:3 February 2014 at the
13693:20 October 2017 at the
12936:Hersh, Seymour (2005).
12801:12 October 2017 at the
11202:Ministerie van Defensie
11048:Nature Publishing Group
10196:26 October 2016 at the
10180:, 15 January 1991, p. 1
10167:, 16 January 1991, p. 1
10022:1 February 2008 at the
9946:. New York. pp. A1
9852:"Resolution 661 (1990)"
9219:11 January 2017 at the
8760:(subscription required)
8509:5 December 2017 at the
8017:Halberstadt 1991. p. 35
7883:www.casi.org.uk/discuss
7684:memoir of the same name
7586:and the US Air Force's
7350:
7083:Abuse of Coalition POWs
6993:The Wars Against Saddam
6827:. By contrast, GWS was
5788:Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah
5637:101st Airborne Division
5621:US XVIII Airborne Corps
5583:Battle of Wadi al-Batin
5544:Initial moves into Iraq
5344:was represented by the
4463:Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr.
4435:Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr.
3921:, west of Kuwait City.
3611:on 19–20 December 1983.
3461:was the US name of the
3453:Operation Desert Shield
3322:Operation Iraqi Freedom
3138:, which began with the
3132:Operation Desert Shield
2170:Intervention in Lebanon
1958:Baath Party (pro-Iraqi)
1639:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
1451:80,000–175,000 captured
1378:3,000 artillery systems
1211:Youssef Sabri Abu Taleb
1091:Sheikh Saad Al Abdullah
184:Operation Desert Shield
27293:Wars involving Germany
27243:Wars involving Senegal
27233:Wars involving Romania
27183:Wars involving Morocco
27153:Wars involving Hungary
27133:Wars involving Denmark
27118:Wars involving Belgium
27108:Wars involving Bahrain
26844:Exercise North Thunder
26839:Peninsula Shield Force
26832:Saudi-led intervention
26803:2011 Bahraini uprising
25716:Neoclassical economics
25227:Gulf of Sidra incident
24784:1969 Libyan revolution
24475:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
24260:1954 Geneva Conference
24020:Turkish straits crisis
24015:Corfu Channel incident
23299:Admission to the Union
22665:Afghanistan withdrawal
22660:January 6 insurrection
22579:Rise in mass shootings
22551:Virginia Tech shooting
22104:Paris Peace Conference
21878:Second Great Awakening
21617:American Enlightenment
20672:Insurgency (2011–2013)
20593:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
20397:Middle Assyrian Empire
19801:National Space Council
19697:USDA Rural Development
19549:1991 Madrid Conference
19189:Conscientious objector
19091:First Libyan Civil War
18961:Second Fiji expedition
18941:Ivory Coast expedition
18875:1992 Los Angeles riots
18835:Colorado Coalfield War
18727:Listed chronologically
18548:2011 Bahraini uprising
18532:South Yemen insurgency
18413:Abu Nidal's executions
18398:1986 Damascus bombings
18177:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
18029:Syria–Lebanon campaign
17799:Middle Eastern theatre
17731:Lion of Babylon (tank)
17581:"Package Q" air strike
17455:Coalition intervention
17130:(by Anthony Swofford)
16968:(1992) (a documentary)
16908:Ministero Della Difesa
16690:Simons, Geoff (2004).
16223:34.1 (2004): 113–131.
16167:Blum, William (1995).
16144:; Shidlo, Gil (eds.).
16140:Barzilai, Gad (1993).
16126:Jewish Virtual Library
14856:10 August 2011 at the
14565:"Jordanians of Kuwait"
14482:Simpson, John (2003),
14271:10.1186/1476-069X-4-17
13597:. 2001. Archived from
13090:Minestero Della Difesa
12911:"www.nationmaster.com"
12290:Halberstadt P.117, 121
12078:U.S. Marines in Battle
11814:Lingamfelter P.190-191
11204:. 2009. Archived from
11171:. 1991. Archived from
10857:Lee, Robin J. (2002).
10358:, 23 September 2002, "
9895:Lori Fisler Damrosch,
9755:Jewish Virtual Library
9587:. 2010. Archived from
9013:Cleveland, William L.
8426:"Frontline Chronology"
8140:6 October 2014 at the
7904:www.thefreelibrary.com
7651:Conflict: Desert Storm
7610:
7552:
7360:
7331:
7266:Wetlands International
7182:Sanctions against Iraq
7073:
7060:
7037:Saudi Arabia expelled
6980:Patrick Day Sloyan of
6964:
6948:
6919:
6862:
6704:
6255:During the nationwide
6240:stealth planes bombed
6209:
6122:
6045:
5924:to participate on the
5901:
5814:
5778:
5685:
5615:
5556:
5554:Operation Desert Storm
5515:
5463:12th Armored Divisions
5398:
5302:
5252:Battle of Medina Ridge
5233:Battle of Medina Ridge
5212:
5141:
5083:
5043:41st Infantry Regiment
5027:
5002:Counter reconnaissance
4971:
4722:
4678:
4562:
4555:Norman Schwarzkopf Jr.
4446:
4424:Germany's constitution
4372:
4319:Langley Air Force Base
4275:
4225:
4169:
4131:
4080:
4060:later affirmed by the
3993:
3965:Iraqi Republican Guard
3905:
3854:
3824:
3815:
3758:
3612:
3477:Operation Desert Storm
3473:Operation Desert Sword
3469:Operation Desert Sabre
3459:Operation Desert Storm
3428:
3419:
3401:
3396:
3324:"). The war was named
3278:Battle of Medina Ridge
3136:Operation Desert Storm
2980:Presidential campaigns
2914:Operation Restore Hope
2198:Regional organisations
2050:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
1791:"Package Q" Air Strike
1728:Coalition intervention
1500:Other civilian losses:
1480:Iraqi civilian losses:
1459:110 aircraft destroyed
1369:2,200 artillery pieces
1313:Hussein Kamel al-Majid
1289:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
1187:Prince Turki Al Faisal
895:Commanders and leaders
273:and construction of a
198:Operation Desert Storm
145:Staffordshire Regiment
27273:Wars involving Turkey
27263:Wars involving Sweden
27223:Wars involving Poland
27203:Wars involving Norway
27173:Wars involving Kuwait
27163:Wars involving Israel
27148:Wars involving Greece
27143:Wars involving France
27123:Wars involving Canada
26917:GCC U-23 Championship
26912:GCC U-19 Championship
26907:GCC U-17 Championship
26566:Russia–NATO relations
26447:Jonathan Reed Winkler
25731:Democratic capitalism
25726:Supply-side economics
25694:American conservatism
25493:Breakup of Yugoslavia
25382:Bougainville conflict
25297:South Yemen civil war
25232:Martial law in Poland
25095:Nicaraguan Revolution
25070:Dirty War (Argentina)
24877:1971 JVP insurrection
24691:Years of Lead (Italy)
24569:North Yemen civil war
24487:Berlin Crisis of 1961
24463:Albanian–Soviet split
24395:1959 Tibetan uprising
24360:Syrian Crisis of 1957
24215:Iraqi Intifada (1952)
24075:1948 Arab–Israeli War
23291:Territorial evolution
22655:George Floyd Protests
22638:Unite the Right rally
22507:Oklahoma City bombing
22502:Republican Revolution
22449:Space Shuttle program
22271:Civil Rights Movement
22239:North Atlantic Treaty
22047:Sherman Antitrust Act
22032:Chinese Exclusion Act
21622:French and Indian War
21612:Prelude to Revolution
21597:First Great Awakening
21557:European colonization
20959:in post-invasion Iraq
20665:U.S. troop withdrawal
20427:Neo-Babylonian Empire
19676:Forest Legacy Program
19381:Judicial appointments
19159:Territorial evolution
19139:Conflicts in the U.S.
19061:Intervention in Haiti
18951:First Fiji expedition
18388:South Yemen civil war
18287:Shatt al-Arab clashes
18212:Mar. 1963 Syrian coup
18201:North Yemen civil war
18150:1958 Iraqi revolution
18077:1948 Arab–Israeli War
18071:Arab–Israeli conflict
17940:Sheikh Said rebellion
17804:Battle of Robat Karim
17617:Iraq–Israel relations
17436:Battle of the Bridges
17238:(via Wayback Machine)
17153:(by Firyal AlShalabi)
17124:series by James Ferro
16642:Roberts, Paul William
16619:. Continuum. p.
16596:. Sydney: Lansdowne.
16230:29 April 2019 at the
15423:. AJR. Archived from
15405:26 April 2012 at the
14781:The One that Got Away
14446:, New York, p. 1
14303:Marshall, AC (2005).
11088:"The Gulf War (1991)"
10412:"Gulf war fast facts"
9811:The History Professor
9129:Yousseff M. Ibrahim,
8847:John Wiley & Sons
8780:John Wiley & Sons
8691:John Wiley & Sons
8655:John Wiley & Sons
8601:"Gulf War – FRICTION"
8041:Knights in the Desert
7909:30 April 2011 at the
7722:Iraq–Russia relations
7608:
7536:
7527:Further information:
7358:
7329:
7242:2003 Invasion of Iraq
7146:Khobar Towers bombing
7107:Black Hawk helicopter
7068:
7055:
6958:
6937:
6914:
6865:The US military used
6860:
6698:
6204:
6120:
6051:French Foreign Legion
6035:
5916:) and a supply ship,
5888:
5812:
5799:Coalition involvement
5766:
5691:uprising in the south
5683:
5601:
5551:
5505:
5467:10th Armored Division
5461:. The Iraqi 10th and
5395:
5300:
5217:Battle of Al Busayyah
5198:
5135:
5077:
5021:
4969:
4717:
4669:
4662:Gulf War air campaign
4622:Amnesty International
4548:
4432:
4369:
4273:
4223:
4163:
4129:
4078:
4070:London Summit of 1984
3981:
3915:Battle of the Bridges
3898:Kuwaiti Armed Forces
3897:
3845:
3819:
3810:
3806:US Ambassador to Iraq
3756:
3717:Saudi–Iraqi relations
3650:Reagan administration
3603:
3488:Operation Desert Calm
3359:2003 invasion of Iraq
3332:U.S. invasion of Iraq
3200:with the adoption of
3146:on 28 February 1991.
2766:Reagan administration
2554:Sudanese Ba'ath Party
2165:Corrective Revolution
2005:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
1483:3,664 killed directly
1453:3,300 tanks destroyed
1415:75 aircraft destroyed
1383:Casualties and losses
1363:Over 950,000 soldiers
1079:Sheikh Jaber Al Ahmad
27268:Wars involving Syria
27258:Wars involving Spain
27228:Wars involving Qatar
27198:Wars involving Niger
27168:Wars involving Italy
27138:Wars involving Egypt
27058:1991 in Saudi Arabia
27053:1990 in Saudi Arabia
26786:Geopolitical history
26735:Gulf Conformity mark
26690:United Arab Emirates
25987:Non-Aligned Movement
25609:Peaceful coexistence
25563:North Borneo dispute
25478:German reunification
25473:Min Ping Yu No. 5202
25171:Salvadoran Civil War
25120:Grand Mosque seizure
25115:Yemenite War of 1979
25007:Mozambican Civil War
24962:Carnation Revolution
24917:Yemenite War of 1972
24855:1970 Polish protests
24686:1967 Hong Kong riots
24661:Argentine Revolution
24611:Guatemalan Civil War
24539:Cuban Missile Crisis
24453:Bay of Pigs Invasion
24325:1956 Poznań protests
24303:Geneva Summit (1955)
23905:Hukbalahap Rebellion
23884:Non-Aligned Movement
23205:Palestinian American
22632:Obergefell v. Hodges
22524:September 11 attacks
22360:Second-wave feminism
22281:Cuban Missile Crisis
22141:Bath School disaster
22059:Spanish–American War
22022:The Gospel of Wealth
21901:California Gold Rush
21861:Mexican–American War
21851:Nullification crisis
21819:Era of Good Feelings
21719:Confederation period
21627:Proclamation of 1763
21577:Atlantic slave trade
20908:Council of Ministers
20790:Mesopotamian Marshes
20062:The Fortified Castle
20055:Zabibah and the King
19829:Truth in Savings Act
19780:Lead and Copper Rule
19655:FDIC Improvement Act
19505:Soviet Union summits
19353:Presidential pardons
19021:Bay of Pigs Invasion
18976:Spanish–American War
18946:Mexican–American War
18870:Kent State shootings
18860:Puerto Rican revolts
18790:American Indian Wars
18527:Fatah–Hamas conflict
18463:Operation Desert Fox
18436:1991 Iraqi uprisings
18430:Gulf War (1990–1991)
18341:Grand Mosque seizure
18319:Yemenite War of 1979
18277:Yemenite War of 1972
18217:Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup
18207:Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup
17961:Ahmed Barzani revolt
17872:Turkish–Armenian War
17361:Disarmament timeline
17157:Third Graders at War
17053:(by Douglas Foster)
16898:. 25 September 2015.
16516:Munro, Alan (2006).
16340:Hiro, Dilip (1992).
15617:"War, Oil and Power"
15472:Lucas, Dean (2007).
14849:Plotz, David (2001)
14783:by Chris Ryan &
14421:30 June 2017 at the
14250:Environmental Health
14021:: 14. 29 June 2003.
13344:on 19 February 2003.
13180:on 20 September 2016
13074:. 25 September 2015.
12774:, 29 September 2004"
10812:. Clemson University
10618:St. Petersburg Times
10522:"Luxembourg (09/06)"
9585:Newcastle University
9159:30 June 2017 at the
9136:30 June 2017 at the
8910:. 30 November 2017.
8406:19 July 2020 at the
8252:"Human Rights Watch"
7888:3 March 2016 at the
7438:improve this section
7428:may not represent a
7212:The draining of the
6528:United Arab Emirates
6242:a bunker in Amiriyah
6174:was deployed to the
5893:helicopter on board
5676:1991 Iraqi uprisings
5512:3rd Armored Division
5486:Liberation of Kuwait
5225:Battle of 73 Easting
4888:improve this article
4501:St. Petersburg Times
4362:Creating a coalition
4289:Dwight D. Eisenhower
4052:William Flynn Martin
4011:Kuwaiti resistance's
3990:transport helicopter
3863:Timeline of Gulf War
3591:Palestinian militant
3389:United Arab Emirates
3372:Liberation of Kuwait
3286:Battle of 73 Easting
3144:liberation of Kuwait
3124:42-country coalition
2884:Presidential library
2035:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1938:Arab Ba'ath Movement
1813:Liberation of Kuwait
1786:Dhahran & Riyadh
1614:Iraq War (2003–2011)
1560:Gulf War (1990–1991)
1488:1991 Iraqi uprisings
1455:2,100 APCs destroyed
1447:20,000–50,000 killed
1409:1 M113 APC destroyed
1043:Peter de la Billière
870:United Arab Emirates
27208:Wars involving Oman
27158:Wars involving Iraq
26715:Dolphin Gas Project
26432:Alex von Tunzelmann
26422:Vladimir Tismăneanu
26347:Thomas J. McCormick
26342:Jack F. Matlock Jr.
26242:Robert Hugh Ferrell
26105:Crusade for Freedom
25902:Illiberal democracy
25786:Ho Chi Minh Thought
25589:Eisenhower Doctrine
25442:Peaceful Revolution
25437:Romanian Revolution
25417:Revolutions of 1989
25402:1988 Polish strikes
25312:Operation INFEKTION
25307:1987 Lieyu massacre
25212:Eritrean Civil Wars
25195:Peruvian Revolution
25145:1979 Herat uprising
25135:Sino-Vietnamese War
25100:Uganda–Tanzania War
25080:Egyptian–Libyan War
25047:Third Indochina War
25042:Sino-Albanian split
25032:Ethiopian Civil War
24932:Eritrean Civil Wars
24872:Ping-pong diplomacy
24845:Cambodian Civil War
24671:Korean DMZ Conflict
24656:Cultural Revolution
24626:Dominican Civil War
24604:Tlatelolco massacre
24390:1959 Mosul uprising
24380:1958 Lebanon crisis
24107:Al-Wathbah uprising
24030:First Indochina War
24000:Iran crisis of 1946
23654:U.S. Virgin Islands
23140:Lithuanian American
23096:Vietnamese American
22442:End of the Cold War
22432:Invasion of Grenada
22382:Iran hostage crisis
22131:Tulsa race massacre
21938:Election of Lincoln
21933:Dred Scott decision
21921:Kansas–Nebraska Act
21824:Missouri Compromise
21742:Northwest Ordinance
21732:Pennsylvania Mutiny
21727:and Perpetual Union
21687:American Revolution
21602:War of Jenkins' Ear
21170:Mesopotamian Arabic
20976:Freedom of religion
20422:Neo-Assyrian Empire
20392:Old Assyrian Period
20377:Neo-Sumerian Empire
19988:Human rights record
19852:1992 VRA Amendments
19845:Ryan White CARE Act
19360:International trips
19036:Invasion of Grenada
19031:Dominican Civil War
18675:This list includes
18643:2021 Beirut clashes
18503:2004 Qamishli riots
18380:Turkey–PKK conflict
18336:1979 Qatif Uprising
18155:1959 Mosul uprising
18145:1958 Lebanon crisis
18092:1973 Yom Kippur War
18063:Iran crisis of 1946
18051:Al-Wathbah uprising
18041:1943 Barzani revolt
17935:Great Syrian Revolt
17915:Iraqi Revolt (1920)
17838:Simko Shikak revolt
17719:Military technology
17694:Iraq–Kuwait barrier
17462:U.N. Resolution 661
17446:U.N. Resolution 660
17284:1 June 2013 at the
17192:Gulf War Discussion
16965:Lessons of Darkness
16672:The Gulf War Reader
16245:on 21 January 2007.
16207:on 27 December 2005
16096:The Washington Post
15966:by Hans Halberstadt
15870:. 27 February 2022.
15792:on 23 December 2003
15552:. .folha.uol.com.br
15319:figures follow the
15252:Husain, T. (1995).
15200:The Wars of America
15006:on 28 October 2012.
14721:New York Daily News
14679:on 7 September 2006
14618:The Daily Telegraph
14504:"The PLO in Kuwait"
14398:, pp. 499–500.
14262:2005EnvHe...4...17H
13947:on 21 October 2009.
13232:9 July 2009 at the
13228:, 22 October 2002.
12958:. 16 September 2014
12776:. 28 September 2004
12758:. 12 December 2004.
12408:, pp. 333–337.
11977:. We Are The Mighty
11888:. 26 February 1991.
11866:. We Are The Mighty
11764:, pp. 113–133.
11703:, pp. 156–157.
11623:, pp. 159–160.
11382:The Washington Post
11295:The Washington Post
11255:The Washington Post
11175:on 28 December 2008
11029:(28 January 1993).
10565:The Washington Post
10418:on 12 November 2020
10287:on 1 September 2021
9934:Friedman, Thomas L.
9817:on 14 January 2005.
9790:(2). Archived from
9226:, 23 September 1990
9152:Michael R. Gordon,
9093:, pp. 337–338.
8989:, pp. 339–340.
8964:, pp. 343–344.
8908:The Daily Telegraph
8891:, pp. 341–342.
8454:. 16 January 2001.
7970:on 1 November 2009.
7584:Grumman E-2 Hawkeye
7166:Rahimullah Yusufzai
7051:The Washington Post
7034:) lived in Kuwait.
6756:A-10 Thunderbolt II
6337:
6231:civilian casualties
6227:command and control
6135:Naval Air Squadrons
5938:major non-NATO ally
5824:checkbook diplomacy
5758:A World Transformed
5569:escaping to Syria.
5427:Gazelle helicopters
5358:1st Marine Division
5350:2nd Marine Division
5346:1st Marine Division
5319:Boeing AH-64 Apache
5292:11th Aviation Group
5047:66th Armor Regiment
4581:Kuwait's government
4577:Hill & Knowlton
4509:abuses under Saddam
4168:during the Gulf War
4085:UN Security Council
3973:Ali Hassan al-Majid
3698:balance of payments
3658:ceasefire with Iran
3208:and U.S. president
2924:International trips
2776:second inauguration
1597:Iraq bombing (1998)
1349:Salah Aboud Mahmoud
1337:Muzahim Saab Hassan
1277:Ali Hassan al-Majid
1067:Michel Roquejeoffre
1055:François Mitterrand
269:Establishment of a
156:camera view from a
26770:homosexuality test
26586:Russian Revolution
26382:Mary Elise Sarotte
26367:William B. Pickett
26292:Patrick J. Hearden
26272:Gabriel Gorodetsky
26267:Timothy Garton Ash
26252:Anneli Ute Gabanyi
25847:Ethnic nationalism
25599:Hallstein Doctrine
25483:Yemeni unification
25272:1985 Geneva Summit
25237:Casamance conflict
25140:New Jewel Movement
25125:Iranian Revolution
25110:Chadian–Libyan War
25057:Cambodian conflict
25037:Lebanese Civil War
25027:Western Sahara War
25002:June 1976 protests
24997:Cambodian genocide
24762:17 July Revolution
24716:Nigerian Civil War
24631:Rhodesian Bush War
24616:Colombian conflict
24559:Ramadan Revolution
24298:Bandung Conference
24174:Operation Valuable
24055:Partition of India
23304:Historical regions
23260:Transgender people
22818:Capital punishment
22677:Support of Ukraine
22626:Black Lives Matter
22534:War in Afghanistan
22459:Invasion of Panama
22415:Iran–Contra affair
22276:Early–mid Cold War
22146:Harlem Renaissance
22005:Compromise of 1877
21980:Reconstruction era
21916:Fugitive Slave Act
21911:Compromise of 1850
21856:Westward expansion
21794:Louisiana Purchase
21637:Stamp Act Congress
21582:King William's War
21101:Telecommunications
21076:Foreign Investment
21013:Wars and conflicts
20949:in pre-Saddam Iraq
20913:Presidency Council
20699:2019–2021 protests
20628:Invasion of Kuwait
20452:Sassanid Asorestan
20447:Parthian Babylonia
20442:Seleucid Babylonia
20437:Achaemenid Assyria
20352:Jemdet Nasr period
20220:The Devil's Double
20199:Al-ayyam al-tawila
19949:17 July Revolution
19579:NAFTA negotiations
19570:Unified Task Force
19528:Invasion of Panama
19434:Clinton transition
19076:War in Afghanistan
19046:Invasion of Panama
19041:Lebanese Civil War
18966:Formosa Expedition
18926:Second Barbary War
18880:2020 racial unrest
18815:Johnson County War
18810:Lincoln County War
18785:American Civil War
18780:Harpers Ferry raid
18755:Turner's Rebellion
18324:Iranian Revolution
18293:Lebanese Civil War
18239:1948 Palestine war
17986:1935 Yazidi revolt
17877:Franco-Turkish War
17666:Gulf War oil spill
17482:Military equipment
17423:Invasion of Kuwait
17201:Historical Context
17188:(Video: ABC, 1991)
17102:(by James Chapman)
16941:Courage Under Fire
16784:on 3 February 2007
16710:Smith, Jean Edward
16543:on 2 December 2005
16447:Lowry, Richard S.
16300:"Gulf War crimes?"
16076:on 5 December 2005
15772:Cirincione, Joseph
15638:"News World Order"
15341:ODI Briefing Paper
15233:on 28 October 2002
15177:on 5 December 2006
15171:United States Navy
14897:on 19 January 2008
14798:"A Woman's Burden"
14385:on 14 August 2014.
14233:. 29 January 2001.
14230:The New York Times
14125:Elizabeth Neuffer
13848:inmemoriam.army.cz
13753:The New York Times
13733:. Country-data.com
13699:The New York Times
13663:. Country-data.com
13292:The New York Times
13206:. 9 January 2003.
13059:Kenneth J. Summers
12822:on 12 January 2011
12491:The New York Times
12020:, pp. 75, 92.
11666:. 20 January 2015.
11450:. 1 February 2014.
11448:Air Force Magazine
11234:The New York Times
10706:Washington Monthly
10624:on 4 February 2013
10593:on 16 January 2011
10398:The New York Times
10130:The New York Times
10102:The New York Times
9971:The New York Times
9943:The New York Times
9936:(22 August 1990).
9899:, West Group, 2001
9594:on 19 October 2013
9519:on 6 November 2014
9242:The New York Times
9198:. 24 January 2008.
9034:The New York Times
8819:on 11 October 2006
8731:Middle East Report
8331:on 24 January 2005
7964:"Persian Gulf War"
7815:State of Palestine
7611:
7553:
7499:War, Oil and Power
7397:European Community
7361:
7332:
7282:Gulf War oil spill
7077:water purification
7028:Jordanian citizens
6965:
6920:
6863:
6728:US Army Reservists
6724:Al Hussein missile
6705:
6335:
6264:Harvard University
6210:
6123:
6097:Al Dhafra Air Base
6067:Operazione Locusta
6046:
5985:Operation Friction
5950:Operation Friction
5914:ARA Rosales (P-42)
5902:
5815:
5793:The New York Times
5783:On 15 March 1991,
5686:
5616:
5557:
5516:
5399:
5303:
5213:
5142:
5122:Apache helicopters
5084:
5028:
4972:
4723:
4679:
4617:The New York Times
4587:of members of the
4563:
4523:population in the
4513:biological weapons
4447:
4373:
4348:fast sealift ships
4276:
4238:Islamic revolution
4226:
4170:
4132:
4104:economic sanctions
4081:
3994:
3906:
3855:
3838:Invasion of Kuwait
3759:
3683:, had concluded a
3638:arms sales to Iraq
3613:
3597:in December 1979.
3517:Operazione Locusta
3505:Operation Friction
3397:la Guerre du Golfe
3254:Iraq–Kuwait border
3187:Kuwait Governorate
3175:Republic of Kuwait
2904:Invasion of Panama
2771:first inauguration
2512:1960–1962/63
2140:De-Ba'athification
2115:17 July Revolution
2105:Ramadan Revolution
1700:Invasion of Kuwait
1007:Robert B. Johnston
947:Norman Schwarzkopf
279:Iraq–Kuwait border
275:separation barrier
271:demilitarized zone
191: –
177: –
26957:
26956:
26951:
26950:
26750:Khaleeji currency
26720:GCC Patent Office
26617:
26616:
26604:List of conflicts
26452:Rudolph Winnacker
26397:Giles Scott-Smith
26372:Ronald E. Powaski
26327:Melvyn P. Leffler
26257:John Lewis Gaddis
26232:Robert D. English
26197:Warren H. Carroll
26187:Michael Beschloss
26156:Nuclear arms race
26137:
26136:
26043:Neues Deutschland
25945:
25944:
25927:White nationalism
25897:Liberal democracy
25634:Ulbricht Doctrine
25624:Brezhnev Doctrine
25432:Velvet Revolution
25176:Soviet–Afghan War
24992:Angolan Civil War
24789:Goulash Communism
24646:ASEAN Declaration
24599:Mexican Dirty War
24497:Annexation of Goa
24448:1960 U-2 incident
24422:Sino-Soviet split
24400:Laotian Civil War
24240:Bricker Amendment
24220:Mau Mau rebellion
24164:Malayan Emergency
24152:Chinese Civil War
24112:Tito–Stalin split
23966:Division of Korea
23790:
23789:
23748:
23747:
23744:
23743:
23309:American frontier
23270:
23269:
23200:Lebanese American
23185:Egyptian American
23120:Estonian American
23110:Albanian American
23104:European American
23081:Japanese American
23071:Filipino American
23032:
23031:
22694:
22693:
22690:
22689:
22643:COVID-19 pandemic
22546:Hurricane Katrina
22487:Los Angeles riots
22377:Watergate scandal
22222:Start of Cold War
22190:Manhattan Project
21777:Whiskey Rebellion
21607:King George's War
21572:Thirteen Colonies
21533:Pre-Columbian Era
21444:
21443:
21392:
21391:
21388:
21387:
21378:Mandaean New Year
21129:
21128:
21021:
21020:
21003:Political parties
20898:Foreign relations
20843:
20842:
20750:Lower Mesopotamia
20745:Upper Mesopotamia
20718:
20717:
20714:
20713:
20478:Abbasid Caliphate
20473:Umayyad Caliphate
20382:Isin-Larsa period
20245:
20244:
20152:Khairallah Talfah
20146:Samira Shahbandar
19901:
19900:
19639:Acid Rain Program
19490:
19489:
19474:1992 SOTU Address
19467:1991 SOTU Address
19460:1990 SOTU Address
19411:Executive actions
19339:Broccoli comments
19332:Vomiting incident
19212:
19211:
19174:Casualties of war
19006:Russian Civil War
18971:Korean Expedition
18916:First Barbary War
18795:Brooks–Baxter War
18750:Fries's Rebellion
18745:Whiskey Rebellion
18687:
18686:
17910:Franco-Syrian War
17867:Greco-Turkish War
17855:Anglo-Turkish War
17821:Assyrian genocide
17816:Armenian genocide
17787:Italo-Turkish War
17739:
17738:
17676:Gulf War syndrome
17651:Kuwaiti oil fires
17523:Phase Line Bullet
17441:Battle of Failaka
17356:Conflict timeline
17271:Liberating Kuwait
17167:Harold Livingston
17163:To Die in Babylon
17136:978-0-7432-3535-8
17114:978-1-4751-4705-6
17095:978-0-553-09126-7
17087:Frederick Forsyth
17076:978-0-440-21880-7
17059:978-1-4137-9902-6
16973:Live from Baghdad
16925:Dawn of the World
16882:on 31 August 2019
16808:978-0-8133-4833-9
16748:978-1-84725-250-0
16725:978-0-8050-1388-7
16715:George Bush's War
16701:978-1-4039-1770-6
16682:978-0-8129-1947-9
16667:Cerf, Christopher
16657:978-0-374-13823-3
16630:978-1-84725-250-0
16603:978-1-86302-669-7
16567:978-0-86372-321-6
16527:978-1-84511-128-1
16492:978-0-393-03108-9
16460:MacArthur, John.
16455:on 15 April 2008.
16419:978-0-7195-5605-0
16376:978-0-399-14493-6
16353:978-0-415-90657-9
16332:978-0-15-103969-2
16290:978-1-84176-574-7
16280:The Gulf War 1991
16261:978-1-890974-18-3
16180:978-1-56751-052-2
16159:978-0-415-08002-6
16031:978-1-84603-694-1
16008:978-1-55750-081-6
15998:Burton, James G.
15991:978-1-55571-493-2
15921:978-1-57441-232-1
15728:978-0-470-19923-7
15571:A Guerra do Golfo
15386:978-0-8330-2329-2
15277:on 21 August 2010
15211:978-0-7858-0914-2
15023:BMJ Global Health
14988:(December 2001).
14655:(December 2001).
14427:The Seattle Times
14414:Sloyan, Patrick.
13529:978-0-16-041950-8
13497:, 22 March 1991 "
13419:BMJ Global Health
13204:Los Angeles Times
13174:The Jewish Agency
13052:978-1-55002-257-5
12895:978-1-4000-5363-6
12881:Don't Tread on Me
12861:978-973-663-499-4
12816:"Den 1. Golfkrig"
12642:978-0-472-03480-2
12614:, "The Gulf War".
12168:on 9 January 2016
11275:Cheney, Richard:
11027:Gronlund, Lisbeth
10895:978-0-395-71083-8
10766:, pp. 31–33.
10736:John R. MacArthur
10178:Houston Chronicle
10074:Washington Bureau
10005:978-1-58330-806-6
9794:on 4 August 2002.
9623:Middle East Forum
9447:on 6 October 2014
9416:on 18 August 2009
9394:978-0-631-16848-5
9181:, pp. 25–26.
8975:New Straits Times
8860:978-0-471-54299-5
8793:978-0-471-54299-5
8708:978-0-471-54299-5
8668:978-0-471-54299-5
8551:978-1-009-25727-5
8542:Purpose and Power
8485:on 2 January 2011
8313:. 10 August 2007.
8222:978-1-4738-3730-0
8215:. Pen and Sword.
7946:978-1-59114-444-1
7615:ballistic missile
7588:Boeing E-3 Sentry
7470:
7469:
7462:
7316:Kuwaiti oil fires
7310:Kuwaiti oil fires
6961:armored bulldozer
6951:Bulldozer assault
6819:that deactivates
6785:Gulf War syndrome
6779:Gulf War syndrome
6693:
6692:
6294:Middle East Watch
6176:Mediterranean Sea
6163:; other R.N. and
6161:-class destroyers
6016:Battle of Bubiyan
5931:Malvinas syndrome
5865:Operation Habitat
5342:U.S. Marine Corps
5256:Battle of Norfolk
5241:Battle of Rumaila
5229:Battle of Norfolk
5101:artillery barrage
5088:Battle of Norfolk
5045:, 3rd Battalion,
5008:Battle of Norfolk
4964:
4963:
4956:
4938:
4736:Israeli Air Force
4604:John R. MacArthur
4541:Nayirah testimony
4525:Al-Anfal campaign
4456:Afghan mujahideen
4439:George H. W. Bush
4331:Al Kharj Air Base
4284:aircraft carriers
4066:Margaret Thatcher
4044:George H. W. Bush
4024:Run-up to the war
3924:Kuwaiti aircraft
3903:main battle tanks
3817:Glaspie replied:
3776:aerial refuelling
3710:Rumaila oil field
3677:province of Basra
3440:Operational names
3429:Zweiter Golfkrieg
3351:western countries
3282:Battle of Norfolk
3210:George H. W. Bush
3206:Margaret Thatcher
3183:Basra Governorate
3167:Rumaila oil field
3110:
3109:
2716:Electoral history
2697:
2696:
2689:George H. W. Bush
2662:
2661:
2565:
2564:
2518:Socialist Lebanon
2489:
2488:
2160:1966 coup d'états
1979:
1978:
1885:
1884:
1835:Phase Line Bullet
1781:Air to Air combat
1654:
1653:
1544:Persian Gulf Wars
1511:
1510:
1472:Over 1,000 killed
1325:Abid Hamid Mahmud
1151:Khalid bin Sultan
1019:Margaret Thatcher
995:Stanley R. Arthur
911:George H. W. Bush
400:Afghan mujahideen
286:
285:
16:(Redirected from
27300:
27010:
27009:
26998:
26997:
26996:
26986:
26985:
26984:
26974:
26973:
26972:
26965:
26942:
26941:
26865:Arabian Gulf Cup
26827:Yemeni Civil War
26702:
26644:
26637:
26630:
26621:
26620:
26362:David S. Painter
26287:John Earl Haynes
26217:Nicholas J. Cull
26202:Adrian Cioroianu
26182:Thomas A. Bailey
26129:Voice of America
26020:
26019:
25932:White separatism
25912:Social democracy
25907:Guided democracy
25887:Authoritarianism
25837:Ultranationalism
25827:Anti-imperialism
25754:Marxism–Leninism
25667:
25666:
25654:Kinmen Agreement
25619:Johnson Doctrine
25604:Kennedy Doctrine
25520:Frozen conflicts
25503:1991 August Coup
25392:Afghan Civil War
25287:Reykjavík Summit
25282:Somali Rebellion
25222:Ugandan Bush War
25200:Gdańsk Agreement
24721:Protests of 1968
24701:War of Attrition
24410:Cuban Revolution
24346:We will bury you
24313:Cyprus Emergency
24293:Kashmir Princess
24283:Jebel Akhdar War
24132:Western betrayal
23817:
23810:
23803:
23794:
23793:
23780:
23770:
23769:
23734:
23733:
23663:Outlying islands
23620:Washington, D.C.
23615:Federal District
23314:Manifest destiny
23287:
23286:
23276:
23275:
23218:Native Americans
23190:Iranian American
23164:Mexican American
23150:Serbian American
23135:Italian American
23125:Finnish American
23115:English American
23066:Chinese American
23053:African American
23038:
23037:
22843:Direct democracy
22833:The Constitution
22792:Higher education
22715:American Century
22700:
22699:
22153:Great Depression
22126:Women's suffrage
22116:Roaring Twenties
22042:Haymarket affair
22000:Enforcement Acts
21789:Jeffersonian era
21737:Shays' Rebellion
21657:Intolerable Acts
21652:Boston Tea Party
21587:Queen Anne's War
21515:
21514:
21504:
21503:
21471:
21464:
21457:
21448:
21447:
21434:
21433:
21424:
21423:
21414:
21404:
21403:
21148:
21147:
21135:
21134:
21066:
21027:
21026:
20878:
20849:
20848:
20835:Sinjar Mountains
20825:Zagros Mountains
20765:Hamrin Mountains
20724:
20723:
20687:Mosul liberation
20660:Iraqi insurgency
20582:National Command
20571:
20407:Simurrum culture
20310:
20309:
20297:
20296:
20286:
20285:
20284:
20272:
20265:
20258:
20249:
20248:
20236:
20235:
20182:Mustapha Hussein
20103:Alleged shredder
20069:Men and the City
20039:
19928:
19921:
19914:
19905:
19904:
19894:
19885:
19868:
19861:
19854:
19847:
19840:
19831:
19824:
19817:
19810:
19803:
19796:
19789:
19782:
19775:
19768:
19761:
19754:
19745:
19738:
19729:
19722:
19715:
19706:
19699:
19692:
19685:
19678:
19671:
19664:
19657:
19650:
19641:
19634:
19627:
19620:
19613:
19606:
19599:
19581:
19572:
19565:
19563:Somali Civil War
19558:
19551:
19544:
19537:
19530:
19521:
19514:
19507:
19483:
19476:
19469:
19462:
19455:
19441:
19440:
19436:
19427:
19420:
19418:Executive orders
19413:
19404:
19397:
19390:
19383:
19376:
19369:
19367:Oval Office desk
19362:
19355:
19348:
19341:
19334:
19325:
19318:
19311:
19304:
19297:
19290:
19283:
19256:
19249:
19242:
19233:
19232:
19164:Military history
19123:Yemeni civil war
19056:Somali Civil War
18956:Second Opium War
18825:Homestead strike
18740:Shays' Rebellion
18714:
18707:
18700:
18691:
18690:
18649:Israel–Hamas war
18576:Syrian civil war
18559:Sinai insurgency
18520:2006 Lebanon War
18195:Dhofar Rebellion
18130:Cyprus Emergency
18125:Jebel Akhdar War
18097:1982 Lebanon War
18087:1967 Six-Day War
17996:Dersim rebellion
17956:Ararat rebellion
17860:Al-Jazeera Front
17766:
17759:
17752:
17743:
17742:
17671:Depleted uranium
17610:Impact on Israel
17538:Highway of Death
17403:Operation Simoom
17338:
17331:
17324:
17315:
17314:
17302:
17301:
17256:Persian Gulf War
17239:
17233:compiled by the
17006:The Big Lebowski
16911:
16899:
16891:
16889:
16887:
16878:. Archived from
16871:
16869:
16867:
16849:
16847:
16845:
16829:
16823:
16815:
16793:
16791:
16789:
16768:
16766:
16764:
16752:
16740:
16729:
16705:
16686:
16661:
16637:
16618:
16607:
16588:
16586:
16584:
16571:
16560:. Ithaca Press.
16552:
16550:
16548:
16539:. Archived from
16531:
16512:
16510:
16508:
16496:
16472:
16470:
16468:
16456:
16443:
16441:
16439:
16423:
16410:Deception in War
16401:
16396:
16394:
16392:
16380:
16368:
16357:
16336:
16315:
16313:
16311:
16306:on 6 August 2011
16294:
16273:
16246:
16241:. Archived from
16216:
16214:
16212:
16203:. Archived from
16191:
16189:
16187:
16163:
16151:
16136:
16134:
16132:
16120:Bard, Mitchell.
16116:
16107:
16105:
16103:
16085:
16083:
16081:
16051:
15995:
15960:
15958:
15956:
15950:
15935:
15925:
15906:
15872:
15871:
15864:
15858:
15857:
15855:
15853:
15830:
15824:
15823:
15821:
15819:
15808:
15802:
15801:
15799:
15797:
15791:
15785:. Archived from
15780:
15774:(October 1992).
15768:
15759:
15758:
15756:
15754:
15739:
15733:
15732:
15712:
15706:
15705:
15703:
15701:
15696:on 28 March 2010
15686:
15680:
15679:
15677:
15675:
15655:
15649:
15648:
15646:
15644:
15634:
15628:
15627:
15625:
15623:
15613:
15607:
15606:
15604:
15602:
15587:
15581:
15568:
15562:
15561:
15559:
15557:
15546:
15540:
15538:
15536:
15534:
15525:. Archived from
15519:
15513:
15512:
15510:
15508:
15492:
15486:
15485:
15483:
15481:
15469:
15463:
15462:
15460:
15458:
15443:
15437:
15436:
15434:
15432:
15416:
15410:
15397:
15391:
15390:
15377:RAND Corporation
15374:
15363:
15357:
15356:
15354:
15352:
15347:on 3 August 2012
15333:
15324:
15314:
15312:
15310:
15293:
15287:
15286:
15284:
15282:
15267:
15258:
15257:
15249:
15243:
15242:
15240:
15238:
15222:
15216:
15215:
15204:. Castle Books.
15203:
15193:
15187:
15186:
15184:
15182:
15173:. Archived from
15159:
15153:
15138:
15132:
15131:
15129:
15127:
15118:. Archived from
15107:
15098:
15097:
15095:
15093:
15084:. Archived from
15074:
15065:
15064:
15054:
15014:
15008:
15007:
14982:
14976:
14975:
14973:
14971:
14965:
14959:. Archived from
14952:
14943:
14937:
14936:
14934:
14932:
14927:on 6 August 2009
14913:
14907:
14906:
14904:
14902:
14882:
14876:
14875:
14867:
14861:
14847:
14841:
14840:
14838:
14836:
14821:
14812:
14811:
14810:on 4 April 2003.
14794:
14788:
14778:
14772:
14771:
14769:
14767:
14756:
14750:
14749:
14747:
14745:
14740:on 29 April 2011
14730:
14724:
14717:
14711:
14710:
14708:
14706:
14695:
14689:
14688:
14686:
14684:
14678:
14661:
14649:
14643:
14636:
14630:
14627:
14621:
14603:
14597:
14596:
14581:
14575:
14574:
14561:
14555:
14554:
14526:
14520:
14519:
14517:
14515:
14506:. Archived from
14499:
14488:
14487:
14479:
14473:
14472:
14470:
14468:
14454:
14448:
14447:
14439:
14430:
14412:
14399:
14393:
14387:
14386:
14381:. Archived from
14377:Chediac, Joyce.
14374:
14368:
14367:
14365:
14363:
14348:
14342:
14341:
14329:
14323:
14322:
14320:
14318:
14309:
14300:
14294:
14293:
14283:
14273:
14241:
14235:
14234:
14221:
14215:
14214:
14212:
14210:
14204:"WHO Data, 2004"
14200:
14194:
14193:
14191:
14189:
14169:
14163:
14146:
14140:
14123:
14117:
14116:
14110:
14108:
14093:
14075:
14037:
14031:
14030:
14014:
14008:
14007:
14005:
14003:
13992:
13986:
13980:
13974:
13973:
13971:
13969:
13955:
13949:
13948:
13943:. Archived from
13935:
13929:
13923:
13917:
13916:
13904:
13898:
13892:
13886:
13885:
13883:
13881:
13865:
13859:
13858:
13856:
13854:
13840:
13834:
13833:
13831:
13829:
13810:
13804:
13803:
13801:
13799:
13788:
13782:
13781:
13779:
13777:
13762:
13756:
13755:, 27 March 1991.
13749:
13743:
13742:
13740:
13738:
13727:
13721:
13708:
13702:
13684:
13673:
13672:
13670:
13668:
13657:
13651:
13650:
13648:
13646:
13635:"Roll of Honour"
13631:
13625:
13624:
13622:
13620:
13609:
13603:
13602:
13587:
13570:
13567:al-Khalil (1991)
13564:
13553:
13552:
13540:
13534:
13533:
13515:
13509:
13492:
13486:
13485:
13483:
13481:
13467:
13461:
13460:
13450:
13410:
13404:
13403:
13371:
13365:
13364:
13352:
13346:
13345:
13330:
13324:
13317:
13308:
13307:
13289:
13281:
13275:
13274:
13272:
13270:
13258:
13249:
13243:
13237:
13220:Scott Peterson,
13218:
13212:
13211:
13196:
13190:
13189:
13187:
13185:
13166:
13160:
13159:
13157:
13155:
13144:
13138:
13137:
13135:
13133:
13122:
13116:
13115:
13113:
13111:
13100:
13094:
13093:
13082:
13076:
13075:
13068:
13062:
13056:
13040:
13030:
13024:
13023:
13021:
13019:
13009:
13003:
13002:
13000:
12998:
12983:
12977:
12974:
12968:
12967:
12965:
12963:
12948:
12942:
12941:
12938:Chain of Command
12933:
12927:
12926:
12924:
12922:
12906:
12900:
12899:
12875:
12866:
12865:
12849:
12838:
12832:
12831:
12829:
12827:
12812:
12806:
12792:
12786:
12785:
12783:
12781:
12766:
12760:
12759:
12748:
12742:
12741:
12739:
12737:
12725:
12719:
12718:
12716:
12714:
12699:
12690:
12689:
12687:
12685:
12680:. 21 August 2007
12674:
12668:
12656:
12650:
12649:
12621:
12615:
12609:
12603:
12597:
12591:
12590:
12588:
12586:
12574:
12568:
12565:
12548:
12542:
12536:
12535:
12533:
12531:
12516:
12510:
12509:
12507:
12505:
12482:
12476:
12470:
12464:
12461:
12455:
12445:
12439:
12433:
12427:
12424:
12418:
12415:
12409:
12403:
12397:
12391:
12382:
12376:
12363:
12357:
12351:
12345:
12339:
12333:
12327:
12321:
12315:
12309:
12303:
12297:
12291:
12288:
12282:
12276:
12263:
12257:
12248:
12242:
12236:
12233:
12227:
12226:
12219:
12213:
12207:
12201:
12200:
12199:. 22 April 2020.
12193:
12187:
12184:
12178:
12177:
12175:
12173:
12164:. Archived from
12158:
12149:
12146:
12140:
12137:
12131:
12125:
12112:
12106:
12100:
12097:
12091:
12088:
12082:
12081:
12075:
12066:
12055:
12049:
12036:
12030:
12021:
12015:
12009:
12008:
12006:
12004:
11993:
11987:
11986:
11984:
11982:
11970:
11964:
11958:
11952:
11946:
11940:
11939:
11932:
11926:
11920:
11914:
11908:
11902:
11896:
11890:
11889:
11882:
11876:
11875:
11873:
11871:
11859:
11850:
11849:
11841:
11832:
11831:
11830:. 24 March 2016.
11824:
11815:
11812:
11806:
11800:
11794:
11793:
11792:. 30 April 2015.
11786:
11780:
11774:
11765:
11759:
11753:
11747:
11738:
11732:
11721:
11715:
11704:
11698:
11692:
11686:
11680:
11674:
11668:
11667:
11660:
11651:
11645:
11636:
11630:
11624:
11618:
11612:
11606:
11595:
11589:
11578:
11572:
11566:
11560:
11554:
11548:
11539:
11533:
11527:
11521:
11515:
11509:
11503:
11497:
11491:
11488:
11451:
11437:AirLand Reversal
11434:
11428:
11427:
11425:
11423:
11408:
11402:
11401:
11399:
11397:
11373:
11367:
11366:
11364:
11362:
11347:
11341:
11340:
11338:
11336:
11321:
11315:
11314:
11312:
11310:
11285:
11279:
11273:
11267:
11266:
11264:
11262:
11245:
11239:
11238:
11224:
11218:
11217:
11215:
11213:
11208:on 28 April 2011
11194:
11185:
11184:
11182:
11180:
11159:
11153:
11152:
11142:
11131:10.1038/361293a0
11114:
11105:
11099:
11098:
11096:
11094:
11084:
11078:
11077:
11067:
11056:10.1038/361293a0
11046:(6410). London:
11035:
11022:
11016:
11015:
11013:
11011:
10997:
10988:
10984:Thomas, Gordon,
10982:
10976:
10969:
10963:
10962:
10960:
10958:
10942:
10936:
10935:
10933:
10931:
10916:
10910:
10903:
10897:
10880:
10874:
10873:
10867:
10865:
10854:
10848:
10847:
10845:
10843:
10828:
10822:
10821:
10819:
10817:
10808:Edwin E. Moïse.
10805:
10799:
10785:
10779:
10773:
10767:
10761:
10755:
10749:
10743:
10733:
10727:
10726:
10696:
10687:
10686:
10684:
10682:
10671:
10665:
10664:
10652:
10646:
10640:
10634:
10633:
10631:
10629:
10620:. Archived from
10609:
10603:
10602:
10600:
10598:
10582:
10576:
10575:
10573:
10571:
10556:
10550:
10543:
10537:
10536:
10534:
10532:
10518:
10512:
10511:
10509:
10507:
10496:
10490:
10489:
10487:
10485:
10479:
10468:
10460:
10454:
10453:
10451:
10449:
10444:on 17 March 2008
10434:
10428:
10427:
10425:
10423:
10408:
10402:
10401:
10389:
10383:
10376:
10370:
10351:
10342:
10329:
10323:
10322:
10321:on 14 June 2009.
10307:
10301:
10300:
10294:
10292:
10275:
10269:
10268:
10266:
10264:
10250:
10244:
10243:
10241:
10239:
10230:. Archived from
10224:
10218:
10210:
10204:
10187:
10181:
10174:
10168:
10161:
10155:
10148:
10142:
10141:
10139:
10137:
10121:
10115:
10114:
10112:
10110:
10092:
10086:
10085:
10083:
10081:
10062:
10056:
10055:
10053:
10051:
10033:
10027:
10013:
10007:
9993:
9984:
9983:
9981:
9979:
9962:
9956:
9955:
9953:
9951:
9930:
9921:
9920:
9909:
9900:
9893:
9887:
9886:
9870:
9864:
9863:
9861:
9859:
9854:. United Nations
9848:
9842:
9841:
9825:
9819:
9818:
9805:Deese, David A.
9802:
9796:
9795:
9775:
9766:
9765:
9763:
9761:
9747:
9741:
9740:
9724:
9715:
9714:
9712:
9710:
9704:
9693:
9685:
9679:
9673:
9664:
9663:
9661:
9659:
9653:
9642:
9634:
9628:
9627:
9613:
9604:
9603:
9601:
9599:
9593:
9582:
9574:
9568:
9567:
9535:
9529:
9528:
9526:
9524:
9518:
9507:
9499:
9493:
9492:
9489:www.pmgnotes.com
9481:
9475:
9474:
9463:
9457:
9456:
9454:
9452:
9443:. Archived from
9432:
9426:
9425:
9423:
9421:
9405:
9399:
9398:
9372:
9366:
9360:
9354:
9353:
9351:
9349:
9338:
9329:
9328:
9326:
9324:
9318:
9307:
9298:
9292:
9286:
9277:
9276:
9274:
9272:
9263:. Archived from
9257:
9246:
9245:
9233:
9227:
9211:
9200:
9199:
9188:
9182:
9176:
9167:
9150:
9144:
9127:
9121:
9115:
9106:
9100:
9094:
9088:
9082:
9076:
9070:
9064:
9058:
9052:
9043:
9042:
9024:
9018:
9011:
9005:
8999:
8990:
8984:
8978:
8971:
8965:
8959:
8950:
8949:
8947:
8945:
8922:
8916:
8915:
8905:
8898:
8892:
8886:
8877:
8871:
8865:
8864:
8839:Sciolino, Elaine
8835:
8829:
8828:
8826:
8824:
8804:
8798:
8797:
8772:Sciolino, Elaine
8768:
8762:
8761:
8758:
8726:
8713:
8712:
8683:Sciolino, Elaine
8679:
8673:
8672:
8647:Sciolino, Elaine
8643:
8637:
8636:
8634:
8632:
8622:
8616:
8615:
8613:
8611:
8596:
8590:
8584:
8578:
8577:
8571:
8563:
8537:
8531:
8530:
8528:
8520:
8514:
8501:
8495:
8494:
8492:
8490:
8474:
8468:
8467:
8465:
8463:
8444:
8438:
8437:
8435:
8433:
8422:
8416:
8398:
8389:
8388:
8386:
8384:
8373:
8367:
8366:
8364:
8362:
8347:
8341:
8340:
8338:
8336:
8321:
8315:
8314:
8301:
8295:
8294:
8292:
8290:
8274:
8268:
8267:
8265:
8263:
8248:
8239:
8238:
8236:
8234:
8206:
8197:
8196:
8194:
8192:
8178:
8172:
8166:
8145:
8132:
8126:
8112:
8106:
8105:
8103:
8101:
8092:. Archived from
8086:
8080:
8077:
8071:
8070:
8068:
8066:
8057:. Archived from
8053:Malory, Marcia.
8050:
8044:
8037:
8031:
8026:Atkinson, Rick.
8024:
8018:
8015:
8009:
8002:
7996:
7995:
7987:
7981:
7978:
7972:
7971:
7960:
7951:
7950:
7922:
7913:
7898:
7892:
7875:
7869:
7868:
7866:
7864:
7858:
7847:
7839:
7818:
7811:
7805:
7782:
7776:
7769:
7707:Operation Granby
7680:Anthony Swofford
7545:Tomahawk missile
7503:News World Order
7465:
7458:
7454:
7451:
7445:
7421:
7420:
7413:
6990:
6917:Highway of Death
6907:Highway of Death
6901:Highway of Death
6893:of any country.
6867:depleted uranium
6821:organophosphates
6773:Gulf War illness
6676:
6674:
6673:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6626:
6624:
6623:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6552:
6550:
6549:
6527:
6525:
6524:
6502:
6500:
6499:
6477:
6475:
6474:
6451:
6449:
6448:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6399:
6397:
6396:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6338:
6334:
6113:Operation Granby
6055:Opération Daguet
6028:Opération Daguet
5910:ARA Spiro (P-43)
5664:Highway of Death
5530:
5443:Operation Granby
5378:Battle of Khafji
5374:prisoners of war
5321:(Army) with the
5211:, February 1991.
5138:Republican Guard
4959:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4896:
4872:
4864:
4860:Battle of Khafji
4791:
4780:
4746:Patriot missiles
4567:public relations
4517:chemical weapons
4461:US Army General
4443:Thanksgiving Day
4327:Bitburg, Germany
4315:1st Fighter Wing
4200:Thomas Pickering
4029:Diplomatic means
4019:
3881:Kuwait Air Force
3877:Kuwaiti military
3618:counteroffensive
3511:Operation Granby
3499:Opération Daguet
3463:airland conflict
3431:
3414:
3404:
3402:Guerre du Koweït
3385:taḥrīr al-kuwayt
3382:
3347:Persian Gulf War
3329:
3302:Persian Gulf War
3102:
3095:
3088:
3077:
3076:
3071:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2683:
2675:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2626:
2624:Socialism portal
2619:
2581:Arab nationalism
2561:
2548:
2535:
2504:
2503:
2203:
2202:
2185:Syrian civil war
1975:
1924:
1923:
1911:
1888:
1887:
1845:Highway of Death
1746:Naval operations
1691:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1545:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1449:75,000+ wounded
1440:175,000–300,000+
1429:57 aircraft lost
1347:
1346:
1345:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1235:Muhammad Tantawi
1233:
1232:
1231:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1005:
1004:
1003:
993:
992:
991:
983:Walter E. Boomer
981:
980:
979:
969:
968:
967:
957:
956:
955:
945:
944:
943:
933:
932:
931:
921:
920:
919:
909:
908:
907:
890:
886:
884:
883:
872:
868:
866:
865:
854:
852:
851:
841:
839:
838:
828:
826:
825:
815:
813:
812:
802:
800:
799:
789:
787:
786:
776:
774:
773:
763:
761:
760:
750:
748:
747:
737:
735:
734:
724:
722:
721:
711:
709:
708:
698:
696:
695:
685:
683:
682:
672:
670:
669:
659:
657:
656:
646:
644:
643:
633:
631:
630:
620:
618:
617:
607:
605:
604:
594:
592:
591:
581:
579:
578:
568:
566:
565:
555:
553:
552:
542:
540:
539:
529:
527:
526:
516:
514:
513:
503:
501:
500:
490:
489:
488:
478:
476:
475:
465:
463:
462:
452:
450:
449:
442:
438:
436:
435:
424:
422:
421:
411:
409:
408:
398:
397:
396:
387:
373:
371:
370:
360:
358:
357:
347:
345:
344:
334:
332:
331:
324:
320:
318:
317:
306:
304:
303:
193:28 February 1991
168:
167:
152:Highway of Death
105:
96:
85:
76:
65:
48:
47:
21:
27308:
27307:
27303:
27302:
27301:
27299:
27298:
27297:
27018:
27017:
27016:
27004:
26994:
26992:
26982:
26980:
26970:
26968:
26960:
26958:
26953:
26952:
26947:
26931:
26853:
26781:
26703:
26694:
26653:
26648:
26618:
26613:
26590:
26581:Second Cold War
26539:
26467:
26461:
26437:Odd Arne Westad
26427:Patrick Vaughan
26412:Athan Theoharis
26392:Ellen Schrecker
26377:Yakov M. Rabkin
26352:Timothy Naftali
26297:Tvrtko Jakovina
26282:Jussi Hanhimäki
26165:
26143:
26133:
26111:Paix et Liberté
26086:
26030:Active measures
26011:
25941:
25922:White supremacy
25882:Totalitarianism
25810:
25735:
25658:
25644:Reagan Doctrine
25639:Carter Doctrine
25579:Truman Doctrine
25567:
25514:
25446:
25341:Soviet reaction
25252:Ndogboyosoi War
25159:
25130:Saur Revolution
24957:1973 oil crisis
24922:Munich massacre
24830:Alcora Exercise
24825:Black September
24803:
24549:Sino-Indian War
24443:Simba rebellion
24426:
24270:Capture of the
24178:
24117:Berlin Blockade
24050:May 1947 crises
24040:Truman Doctrine
24005:Greek Civil War
23994:Blacklist Forty
23961:Gouzenko Affair
23948:Cursed soldiers
23900:Morgenthau Plan
23888:
23826:
23821:
23791:
23786:
23740:
23714:
23658:
23622:
23610:
23349:
23323:
23281:
23266:
23172:Jewish American
23145:Polish American
23086:Korean American
23076:Indian American
23043:
23028:
22883:Merchant Marine
22853:Law enforcement
22705:
22686:
22560:
22556:Great Recession
22463:
22437:Reagan Doctrine
22391:
22370:Stonewall riots
22292:
22266:Project Mercury
22227:Truman Doctrine
22203:
22111:First Red Scare
22085:
22054:Progressive Era
21966:
21926:Bleeding Kansas
21882:
21829:Monroe Doctrine
21805:
21753:
21712:Treaty of Paris
21673:
21647:Boston Massacre
21642:Sons of Liberty
21538:
21509:
21498:
21480:
21475:
21445:
21440:
21384:
21368:Public holidays
21291:
21142:
21125:
21064:
21034:
21017:
20876:
20856:
20839:
20770:Iraqi Kurdistan
20760:Euphrates river
20731:
20710:
20677:War (2014–2017)
20623:Operation Opera
20569:
20539:
20535:Arab Federation
20523:Kingdom of Iraq
20456:
20432:Fall of Babylon
20367:Akkadian Empire
20342:Samarra culture
20327:Hassuna culture
20304:
20291:
20279:
20278:
20276:
20246:
20241:
20225:
20206:House of Saddam
20186:
20180:Grandchildren:
20126:Half-brothers:
20107:
20086:
20040:
20031:
19937:
19932:
19902:
19897:
19888:
19879:
19871:
19864:
19857:
19850:
19843:
19836:
19827:
19820:
19813:
19806:
19799:
19792:
19785:
19778:
19773:JFK Records Act
19771:
19764:
19757:
19750:
19741:
19734:
19725:
19718:
19711:
19702:
19695:
19688:
19681:
19674:
19667:
19660:
19653:
19646:
19637:
19630:
19623:
19618:Cannabis policy
19616:
19609:
19602:
19595:
19589:Domestic policy
19584:
19577:
19568:
19561:
19556:New world order
19554:
19547:
19540:
19533:
19526:
19517:
19510:
19503:
19486:
19479:
19472:
19465:
19458:
19450:
19439:
19432:
19423:
19416:
19409:
19400:
19393:
19386:
19379:
19372:
19365:
19358:
19351:
19344:
19337:
19330:
19321:
19314:
19307:
19300:
19293:
19286:
19279:
19266:
19260:
19230:
19213:
19208:
19127:
18986:Boxer Rebellion
18889:
18770:Bleeding Kansas
18728:
18721:
18718:
18688:
18683:
18681:
18668:
18631:
18553:Egyptian Crisis
18536:
18477:
18417:
18350:
18260:
18249:Second Intifada
18159:
18103:
18000:
17966:Simele massacre
17944:
17925:Adwan Rebellion
17898:
17775:
17770:
17740:
17735:
17714:
17698:
17688:Provide Comfort
17626:
17605:
17576:Air engagements
17562:
17486:
17477:Carter Doctrine
17450:
17417:
17386:
17365:
17347:
17342:
17307:
17286:Wayback Machine
17250:Wayback Machine
17237:
17222:Wayback Machine
17182:
17177:
17082:The Fist of God
17046:
17041:
16949:The Finest Hour
16919:
16914:
16902:
16894:
16885:
16883:
16874:
16865:
16863:
16843:
16841:
16817:
16816:
16809:
16787:
16785:
16762:
16760:
16749:
16726:
16702:
16683:
16658:
16631:
16604:
16582:
16580:
16568:
16546:
16544:
16528:
16520:. I.B. Tauris.
16506:
16504:
16493:
16485:. W.W. Norton.
16466:
16464:
16437:
16435:
16420:
16390:
16388:
16377:
16354:
16333:
16309:
16307:
16291:
16262:
16237:Brown, Miland.
16232:Wayback Machine
16210:
16208:
16185:
16183:
16181:
16160:
16142:Klieman, Aharon
16130:
16128:
16101:
16099:
16079:
16077:
16059:
16054:
16032:
15992:
15954:
15952:
15948:
15933:
15922:
15880:
15875:
15866:
15865:
15861:
15851:
15849:
15831:
15827:
15817:
15815:
15810:
15809:
15805:
15795:
15793:
15789:
15778:
15769:
15762:
15752:
15750:
15741:
15740:
15736:
15729:
15718:GPS for Dummies
15713:
15709:
15699:
15697:
15688:
15687:
15683:
15673:
15671:
15656:
15652:
15642:
15640:
15636:
15635:
15631:
15621:
15619:
15615:
15614:
15610:
15600:
15598:
15597:on 11 July 2010
15589:
15588:
15584:
15578:Wayback Machine
15569:
15565:
15555:
15553:
15548:
15547:
15543:
15532:
15530:
15529:on 25 July 2011
15523:"Memória Globo"
15521:
15520:
15516:
15506:
15504:
15493:
15489:
15479:
15477:
15470:
15466:
15456:
15454:
15444:
15440:
15430:
15428:
15427:on 24 July 2013
15421:"Images of War"
15417:
15413:
15407:Wayback Machine
15398:
15394:
15387:
15372:
15364:
15360:
15350:
15348:
15335:
15334:
15327:
15308:
15306:
15294:
15290:
15280:
15278:
15269:
15268:
15261:
15250:
15246:
15236:
15234:
15223:
15219:
15212:
15194:
15190:
15180:
15178:
15161:
15160:
15156:
15139:
15135:
15125:
15123:
15122:on 13 June 2010
15108:
15101:
15091:
15089:
15088:on 27 June 2010
15076:
15075:
15068:
15015:
15011:
14983:
14979:
14969:
14967:
14966:on 11 July 2018
14963:
14950:
14944:
14940:
14930:
14928:
14915:
14914:
14910:
14900:
14898:
14883:
14879:
14868:
14864:
14858:Wayback Machine
14848:
14844:
14834:
14832:
14831:. 29 April 2003
14823:
14822:
14815:
14796:
14795:
14791:
14779:
14775:
14765:
14763:
14758:
14757:
14753:
14743:
14741:
14732:
14731:
14727:
14718:
14714:
14704:
14702:
14697:
14696:
14692:
14682:
14680:
14676:
14659:
14650:
14646:
14640:Foreign Affairs
14637:
14633:
14628:
14624:
14614:Wayback Machine
14604:
14600:
14595:on 22 May 2013.
14583:
14582:
14578:
14563:
14562:
14558:
14543:10.2307/2538306
14527:
14523:
14513:
14511:
14510:on 7 March 2023
14500:
14491:
14480:
14476:
14466:
14464:
14456:
14455:
14451:
14440:
14433:
14423:Wayback Machine
14413:
14402:
14394:
14390:
14375:
14371:
14361:
14359:
14358:on 6 April 2013
14350:
14349:
14345:
14330:
14326:
14316:
14314:
14307:
14301:
14297:
14242:
14238:
14223:
14222:
14218:
14208:
14206:
14202:
14201:
14197:
14187:
14185:
14170:
14166:
14157:Wayback Machine
14147:
14143:
14134:Wayback Machine
14124:
14120:
14106:
14104:
14095:
14064:10.1289/EHP9009
14038:
14034:
14016:
14015:
14011:
14001:
13999:
13994:
13993:
13989:
13981:
13977:
13967:
13965:
13957:
13956:
13952:
13937:
13936:
13932:
13924:
13920:
13905:
13901:
13893:
13889:
13879:
13877:
13866:
13862:
13852:
13850:
13842:
13841:
13837:
13827:
13825:
13812:
13811:
13807:
13797:
13795:
13790:
13789:
13785:
13775:
13773:
13764:
13763:
13759:
13750:
13746:
13736:
13734:
13729:
13728:
13724:
13718:Wayback Machine
13709:
13705:
13695:Wayback Machine
13688:"After the War"
13685:
13676:
13666:
13664:
13659:
13658:
13654:
13644:
13642:
13633:
13632:
13628:
13618:
13616:
13612:Ranter, Harro.
13610:
13606:
13601:on 10 May 2007.
13589:
13588:
13573:
13565:
13556:
13549:www.nybooks.com
13541:
13537:
13530:
13516:
13512:
13506:Wayback Machine
13493:
13489:
13479:
13477:
13469:
13468:
13464:
13411:
13407:
13386:(13): 931–936.
13372:
13368:
13353:
13349:
13332:
13331:
13327:
13318:
13311:
13282:
13278:
13268:
13266:
13259:
13252:
13244:
13240:
13234:Wayback Machine
13219:
13215:
13198:
13197:
13193:
13183:
13181:
13168:
13167:
13163:
13153:
13151:
13146:
13145:
13141:
13131:
13129:
13124:
13123:
13119:
13109:
13107:
13102:
13101:
13097:
13084:
13083:
13079:
13070:
13069:
13065:
13053:
13031:
13027:
13017:
13015:
13011:
13010:
13006:
12996:
12994:
12993:on 24 June 2018
12985:
12984:
12980:
12975:
12971:
12961:
12959:
12950:
12949:
12945:
12934:
12930:
12920:
12918:
12909:
12907:
12903:
12896:
12876:
12869:
12862:
12850:(in Romanian).
12847:
12839:
12835:
12825:
12823:
12814:
12813:
12809:
12803:Wayback Machine
12793:
12789:
12779:
12777:
12768:
12767:
12763:
12750:
12749:
12745:
12735:
12733:
12726:
12722:
12712:
12710:
12701:
12700:
12693:
12683:
12681:
12676:
12675:
12671:
12657:
12653:
12643:
12622:
12618:
12610:
12606:
12598:
12594:
12584:
12582:
12577:Andrew Leydon.
12575:
12571:
12566:
12551:
12543:
12539:
12529:
12527:
12517:
12513:
12503:
12501:
12483:
12479:
12471:
12467:
12462:
12458:
12446:
12442:
12434:
12430:
12425:
12421:
12416:
12412:
12404:
12400:
12392:
12385:
12377:
12366:
12358:
12354:
12346:
12342:
12334:
12330:
12322:
12318:
12310:
12306:
12298:
12294:
12289:
12285:
12277:
12266:
12258:
12251:
12243:
12239:
12234:
12230:
12221:
12220:
12216:
12208:
12204:
12195:
12194:
12190:
12185:
12181:
12171:
12169:
12160:
12159:
12152:
12147:
12143:
12138:
12134:
12126:
12115:
12107:
12103:
12098:
12094:
12089:
12085:
12073:
12067:
12058:
12050:
12039:
12031:
12024:
12016:
12012:
12002:
12000:
11995:
11994:
11990:
11980:
11978:
11971:
11967:
11959:
11955:
11947:
11943:
11934:
11933:
11929:
11925:, p. 4–10.
11923:Dinackus (2000)
11921:
11917:
11909:
11905:
11897:
11893:
11884:
11883:
11879:
11869:
11867:
11860:
11853:
11842:
11835:
11826:
11825:
11818:
11813:
11809:
11801:
11797:
11788:
11787:
11783:
11775:
11768:
11760:
11756:
11748:
11741:
11733:
11724:
11716:
11707:
11699:
11695:
11687:
11683:
11675:
11671:
11662:
11661:
11654:
11646:
11639:
11631:
11627:
11619:
11615:
11607:
11598:
11590:
11581:
11573:
11569:
11561:
11557:
11549:
11542:
11534:
11530:
11522:
11518:
11510:
11506:
11498:
11494:
11489:
11454:
11444:Wayback Machine
11435:
11431:
11421:
11419:
11409:
11405:
11395:
11393:
11375:
11374:
11370:
11360:
11358:
11348:
11344:
11334:
11332:
11323:
11322:
11318:
11308:
11306:
11286:
11282:
11274:
11270:
11260:
11258:
11246:
11242:
11225:
11221:
11211:
11209:
11196:
11195:
11188:
11178:
11176:
11161:
11160:
11156:
11112:
11106:
11102:
11092:
11090:
11086:
11085:
11081:
11033:
11023:
11019:
11009:
11007:
10999:
10998:
10991:
10983:
10979:
10970:
10966:
10956:
10954:
10943:
10939:
10929:
10927:
10918:
10917:
10913:
10904:
10900:
10881:
10877:
10863:
10861:
10855:
10851:
10841:
10839:
10838:on 12 June 2008
10830:
10829:
10825:
10815:
10813:
10806:
10802:
10796:Wayback Machine
10786:
10782:
10774:
10770:
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10678:
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10672:
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10606:
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10569:
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10515:
10505:
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10497:
10493:
10483:
10481:
10477:
10466:
10462:
10461:
10457:
10447:
10445:
10436:
10435:
10431:
10421:
10419:
10410:
10409:
10405:
10390:
10386:
10377:
10373:
10367:Wayback Machine
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10340:Wayback Machine
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10203:16 January 1991
10198:Wayback Machine
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9726:
9725:
9718:
9708:
9706:
9705:on 7 March 2023
9702:
9691:
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9682:
9674:
9667:
9657:
9655:
9654:on 4 March 2016
9651:
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9381:Wiley-Blackwell
9373:
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9320:
9319:on 7 March 2023
9316:
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8477:Kenneth Estes.
8475:
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8357:on 7 March 2016
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8062:
8061:on 3 March 2016
8051:
8047:
8038:
8034:
8025:
8021:
8016:
8012:
8006:Certain Victory
8003:
7999:
7988:
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7773:Iraqi uprisings
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7644:Popular culture
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7248:, Central, and
7234:desertification
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7176:Main articles:
7174:
7154:Osama bin Laden
7125:
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7064:Foreign Affairs
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6924:E-8 Joint STARS
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6333:
6310:
6222:cruise missiles
6199:
6194:
6154:-class frigates
6131:Royal Air Force
6115:
6109:
6069:
6063:
6042:Division Daguet
6030:
6024:
6003:CH-124 Sea King
5960:Canadian Forces
5952:
5946:
5900:, February 1991
5889:Argentine Navy
5883:
5881:Operativo Alfil
5877:
5839:
5833:
5807:
5801:
5678:
5672:
5633:Division Daguet
5596:
5546:
5528:
5510:tanks from the
5500:
5494:
5488:
5431:Lynx helicopter
5323:Bell AH-1 Cobra
5243:
5193:
5191:Ground campaign
5118:Lockheed AC-130
5096:
5090:
5072:
5026:, February 1991
5016:
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4704:Main articles:
4702:
4675:F-117 Nighthawk
4664:
4658:
4653:
4543:
4537:
4529:nuclear weapons
4483:
4420:Chancellor Kohl
4364:
4260:Carter Doctrine
4218:
4209:
4147:Brent Scowcroft
4087:, which passed
4031:
4026:
4013:
4007:
3984:Iraqi Air Force
3865:
3857:Main articles:
3847:Lion of Babylon
3840:
3681:al-Sabah family
3654:Donald Rumsfeld
3605:Donald Rumsfeld
3577:Throughout the
3575:
3561:
3530:
3493:Operativo Alfil
3442:
3434:Second Gulf War
3410:
3363:Second Gulf War
3298:Second Gulf War
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2741:Points of Light
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2617:Politics portal
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2522:1965–1970
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2499:Splinter groups
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2045:Bashar al-Assad
2015:Wahib al-Ghanim
2010:Abdullah Rimawi
1989:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1962:1968–2003
1952:1947–1966
1942:1940–1947
1932:1940–1947
1921:
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1820:Order of battle
1706:Kuwaiti Bridges
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1423:12,000 captured
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1139:Saleh Al-Muhaya
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1115:Prince Abdullah
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971:John J. Yeosock
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264:State of Kuwait
257:
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179:17 January 1991
162:
158:Lockheed AC-130
118:U.S. Air Force
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27068:1991 in Kuwait
27065:
27063:1990 in Kuwait
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26409:
26407:Timothy Snyder
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26369:
26364:
26359:
26354:
26349:
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26339:
26337:Vojtech Mastny
26334:
26332:Geir Lundestad
26329:
26324:
26322:Walter Laqueur
26319:
26317:Walter LaFeber
26314:
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26299:
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26289:
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26279:
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26247:André Fontaine
26244:
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26177:Gar Alperovitz
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25934:
25929:
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25917:Third-Worldism
25914:
25909:
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25894:
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25859:
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25708:
25706:Libertarianism
25703:
25698:
25697:
25696:
25686:
25684:Chicago school
25681:
25675:
25673:
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25659:
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25629:Nixon Doctrine
25626:
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25573:
25572:Foreign policy
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25409:
25404:
25399:
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25389:
25384:
25379:
25374:
25369:
25364:
25359:
25357:Operation RYAN
25354:
25349:
25344:
25334:
25329:
25324:
25319:
25314:
25309:
25304:
25299:
25294:
25289:
25284:
25279:
25274:
25269:
25264:
25262:Able Archer 83
25259:
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25024:
25019:
25014:
25012:Oromo conflict
25009:
25004:
24999:
24994:
24989:
24984:
24979:
24974:
24969:
24964:
24959:
24954:
24952:Yom Kippur War
24949:
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24608:
24607:
24606:
24596:
24591:
24586:
24584:Aden Emergency
24581:
24576:
24571:
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24556:
24551:
24546:
24541:
24536:
24535:
24534:
24529:
24524:
24514:
24509:
24504:
24502:Papua conflict
24499:
24494:
24489:
24484:
24483:
24482:
24472:
24471:
24470:
24460:
24455:
24450:
24445:
24440:
24434:
24432:
24428:
24427:
24425:
24424:
24419:
24418:
24417:
24407:
24405:Kitchen Debate
24402:
24397:
24392:
24387:
24382:
24377:
24372:
24367:
24365:Sputnik crisis
24362:
24357:
24349:
24342:
24337:
24335:Polish October
24332:
24327:
24322:
24315:
24310:
24305:
24300:
24295:
24290:
24285:
24280:
24275:
24267:
24262:
24257:
24252:
24247:
24242:
24237:
24235:Pact of Madrid
24232:
24227:
24222:
24217:
24212:
24207:
24202:
24197:
24192:
24190:Bamboo Curtain
24186:
24184:
24180:
24179:
24177:
24176:
24171:
24166:
24161:
24160:
24159:
24149:
24144:
24139:
24134:
24129:
24124:
24119:
24114:
24109:
24104:
24099:
24094:
24089:
24084:
24083:
24082:
24077:
24072:
24062:
24057:
24052:
24047:
24042:
24037:
24032:
24027:
24022:
24017:
24012:
24007:
24002:
23997:
23989:
23981:
23973:
23968:
23963:
23958:
23950:
23945:
23944:
23943:
23938:
23930:
23917:
23912:
23907:
23902:
23896:
23894:
23890:
23889:
23887:
23886:
23881:
23876:
23871:
23866:
23861:
23856:
23851:
23846:
23839:
23831:
23828:
23827:
23820:
23819:
23812:
23805:
23797:
23788:
23787:
23785:
23784:
23774:
23764:
23762:Historiography
23759:
23753:
23750:
23749:
23746:
23745:
23742:
23741:
23739:
23738:
23728:
23722:
23720:
23716:
23715:
23713:
23712:
23707:
23702:
23700:Navassa Island
23697:
23692:
23687:
23685:Johnston Atoll
23682:
23677:
23675:Howland Island
23672:
23666:
23664:
23660:
23659:
23657:
23656:
23651:
23646:
23641:
23636:
23634:American Samoa
23630:
23628:
23624:
23623:
23618:
23616:
23612:
23611:
23609:
23608:
23603:
23598:
23593:
23588:
23583:
23578:
23573:
23568:
23563:
23558:
23556:South Carolina
23553:
23548:
23543:
23538:
23533:
23528:
23523:
23521:North Carolina
23518:
23513:
23508:
23503:
23498:
23493:
23488:
23483:
23478:
23473:
23468:
23463:
23458:
23453:
23448:
23443:
23438:
23433:
23428:
23423:
23418:
23413:
23408:
23403:
23398:
23393:
23388:
23383:
23378:
23373:
23368:
23363:
23357:
23355:
23351:
23350:
23348:
23347:
23345:The West Coast
23342:
23337:
23331:
23329:
23325:
23324:
23322:
23321:
23319:Indian removal
23316:
23311:
23306:
23301:
23295:
23293:
23283:
23282:
23272:
23271:
23268:
23267:
23265:
23264:
23263:
23262:
23257:
23252:
23240:
23233:
23232:
23231:
23226:
23214:
23213:
23212:
23210:Saudi American
23207:
23202:
23197:
23195:Iraqi American
23192:
23187:
23175:
23168:
23167:
23166:
23154:
23153:
23152:
23147:
23142:
23137:
23132:
23130:Irish American
23127:
23122:
23117:
23112:
23100:
23099:
23098:
23093:
23088:
23083:
23078:
23073:
23068:
23060:Asian American
23056:
23048:
23045:
23044:
23034:
23033:
23030:
23029:
23027:
23026:
23025:
23024:
23019:
23014:
23009:
23004:
22992:
22991:
22990:
22988:Sexual slavery
22978:
22971:
22964:
22963:
22962:
22957:
22952:
22947:
22942:
22937:
22925:
22924:
22923:
22918:
22913:
22908:
22903:
22898:
22886:
22879:
22872:
22871:
22870:
22865:
22860:
22858:Postal service
22855:
22850:
22848:Foreign policy
22845:
22840:
22835:
22830:
22825:
22820:
22815:
22803:
22796:
22795:
22794:
22782:
22781:
22780:
22768:
22767:
22766:
22754:
22753:
22752:
22747:
22742:
22737:
22725:
22718:
22710:
22707:
22706:
22696:
22695:
22692:
22691:
22688:
22687:
22685:
22684:
22679:
22674:
22667:
22662:
22657:
22652:
22651:
22650:
22640:
22635:
22628:
22623:
22622:
22621:
22616:
22611:
22606:
22601:
22596:
22591:
22586:
22576:
22570:
22568:
22562:
22561:
22559:
22558:
22553:
22548:
22543:
22542:
22541:
22536:
22526:
22521:
22514:
22509:
22504:
22499:
22494:
22489:
22484:
22479:
22473:
22471:
22465:
22464:
22462:
22461:
22456:
22451:
22446:
22445:
22444:
22439:
22434:
22424:
22422:Crack epidemic
22419:
22418:
22417:
22412:
22401:
22399:
22393:
22392:
22390:
22389:
22387:Moral Majority
22384:
22379:
22374:
22373:
22372:
22365:Gay liberation
22362:
22357:
22355:Counterculture
22352:
22347:
22346:
22345:
22343:Fall of Saigon
22340:
22335:
22325:
22324:
22323:
22321:Apollo program
22318:
22316:Project Gemini
22308:
22302:
22300:
22294:
22293:
22291:
22290:
22285:
22284:
22283:
22273:
22268:
22263:
22258:
22257:
22256:
22251:
22246:
22241:
22234:Early Cold War
22231:
22230:
22229:
22219:
22213:
22211:
22205:
22204:
22202:
22201:
22200:
22199:
22198:
22197:
22187:
22182:
22172:
22171:
22170:
22165:
22160:
22150:
22149:
22148:
22143:
22138:
22133:
22128:
22123:
22113:
22108:
22107:
22106:
22095:
22093:
22087:
22086:
22084:
22083:
22078:
22077:
22076:
22071:
22066:
22061:
22051:
22050:
22049:
22044:
22039:
22034:
22029:
22024:
22014:
22009:
22008:
22007:
22002:
21997:
21992:
21987:
21976:
21974:
21968:
21967:
21965:
21964:
21963:
21962:
21957:
21947:
21946:
21945:
21940:
21935:
21930:
21929:
21928:
21918:
21913:
21906:Prelude to War
21903:
21898:
21896:Antebellum Era
21892:
21890:
21884:
21883:
21881:
21880:
21875:
21870:
21869:
21868:
21863:
21858:
21853:
21848:
21843:
21841:Trail of Tears
21836:Jacksonian era
21833:
21832:
21831:
21826:
21815:
21813:
21807:
21806:
21804:
21803:
21802:
21801:
21796:
21786:
21785:
21784:
21779:
21772:Federalist Era
21769:
21767:Bill of Rights
21763:
21761:
21755:
21754:
21752:
21751:
21750:
21749:
21744:
21739:
21734:
21729:
21716:
21715:
21714:
21709:
21704:
21702:Lee Resolution
21699:
21694:
21683:
21681:
21675:
21674:
21672:
21671:
21670:
21669:
21664:
21659:
21654:
21649:
21644:
21639:
21634:
21629:
21624:
21619:
21609:
21604:
21599:
21594:
21589:
21584:
21579:
21574:
21569:
21564:
21559:
21554:
21548:
21546:
21540:
21539:
21537:
21536:
21529:
21521:
21519:
21511:
21510:
21500:
21499:
21497:
21496:
21491:
21485:
21482:
21481:
21474:
21473:
21466:
21459:
21451:
21442:
21441:
21439:
21438:
21428:
21418:
21408:
21397:
21394:
21393:
21390:
21389:
21386:
21385:
21383:
21382:
21381:
21380:
21375:
21365:
21360:
21355:
21350:
21345:
21340:
21335:
21330:
21325:
21320:
21315:
21310:
21305:
21299:
21297:
21293:
21292:
21290:
21289:
21288:
21287:
21282:
21277:
21272:
21267:
21257:
21252:
21251:
21250:
21245:
21239:
21234:
21229:
21224:
21219:
21214:
21209:
21204:
21194:
21193:
21192:
21187:
21182:
21177:
21172:
21162:
21156:
21154:
21144:
21143:
21131:
21130:
21127:
21126:
21124:
21123:
21118:
21113:
21108:
21106:Transportation
21103:
21098:
21096:Stock Exchange
21093:
21091:Reconstruction
21088:
21083:
21078:
21073:
21071:Infrastructure
21068:
21060:
21055:
21050:
21045:
21039:
21036:
21035:
21023:
21022:
21019:
21018:
21016:
21015:
21010:
21005:
21000:
20995:
20990:
20985:
20984:
20983:
20978:
20973:
20968:
20967:
20966:
20956:
20951:
20941:
20940:
20939:
20938:
20937:
20930:Prime Minister
20927:
20926:
20925:
20915:
20910:
20900:
20895:
20890:
20885:
20880:
20872:
20867:
20861:
20858:
20857:
20845:
20844:
20841:
20840:
20838:
20837:
20832:
20827:
20822:
20817:
20812:
20807:
20802:
20797:
20792:
20787:
20782:
20777:
20772:
20767:
20762:
20757:
20752:
20747:
20742:
20736:
20733:
20732:
20720:
20719:
20716:
20715:
20712:
20711:
20709:
20708:
20703:
20702:
20701:
20691:
20690:
20689:
20684:
20674:
20669:
20668:
20667:
20662:
20657:
20647:
20642:
20641:
20640:
20638:1991 uprisings
20630:
20625:
20620:
20615:
20610:
20605:
20600:
20595:
20590:
20588:Saddam Hussein
20585:
20574:
20573:
20565:
20560:
20555:
20549:
20547:
20541:
20540:
20538:
20537:
20532:
20531:
20530:
20520:
20518:Mandatory Iraq
20515:
20510:
20507:Mamluk dynasty
20500:
20495:
20490:
20485:
20480:
20475:
20470:
20464:
20462:
20458:
20457:
20455:
20454:
20449:
20444:
20439:
20434:
20429:
20424:
20419:
20414:
20409:
20404:
20399:
20394:
20389:
20384:
20379:
20374:
20372:Gutian dynasty
20369:
20364:
20359:
20354:
20349:
20344:
20339:
20334:
20329:
20324:
20318:
20316:
20306:
20305:
20293:
20292:
20275:
20274:
20267:
20260:
20252:
20243:
20242:
20230:
20227:
20226:
20224:
20223:
20216:
20209:
20202:
20194:
20192:
20188:
20187:
20185:
20184:
20178:
20164:
20154:
20148:
20138:
20124:
20121:
20117:
20115:
20109:
20108:
20106:
20105:
20100:
20098:Killing babies
20094:
20092:
20088:
20087:
20085:
20084:
20079:
20076:Begone, Demons
20072:
20065:
20058:
20050:
20048:
20042:
20041:
20034:
20032:
20030:
20029:
20028:
20027:
20017:
20012:
20007:
20002:
20001:
20000:
19990:
19985:
19984:
19983:
19981:1991 uprisings
19973:
19971:Anfal campaign
19968:
19967:
19966:
19956:
19951:
19945:
19943:
19939:
19938:
19935:Saddam Hussein
19931:
19930:
19923:
19916:
19908:
19899:
19898:
19896:
19895:
19886:
19876:
19873:
19872:
19870:
19869:
19862:
19855:
19848:
19841:
19834:
19833:
19832:
19818:
19811:
19804:
19797:
19790:
19783:
19776:
19769:
19762:
19755:
19748:
19747:
19746:
19732:
19731:
19730:
19723:
19709:
19708:
19707:
19700:
19693:
19686:
19679:
19665:
19658:
19651:
19644:
19643:
19642:
19628:
19621:
19614:
19607:
19600:
19592:
19590:
19586:
19585:
19583:
19582:
19575:
19574:
19573:
19559:
19552:
19545:
19538:
19531:
19524:
19523:
19522:
19515:
19500:
19498:
19496:Foreign policy
19492:
19491:
19488:
19487:
19485:
19484:
19477:
19470:
19463:
19456:
19447:
19445:
19438:
19437:
19430:
19429:
19428:
19421:
19407:
19406:
19405:
19398:
19391:
19377:
19370:
19363:
19356:
19349:
19342:
19335:
19328:
19327:
19326:
19319:
19312:
19305:
19291:
19284:
19276:
19274:
19268:
19267:
19259:
19258:
19251:
19244:
19236:
19210:
19209:
19207:
19206:
19201:
19196:
19191:
19186:
19181:
19179:Peace movement
19176:
19171:
19166:
19161:
19156:
19151:
19146:
19141:
19135:
19133:
19129:
19128:
19126:
19125:
19120:
19119:
19118:
19113:
19108:
19103:
19093:
19088:
19083:
19078:
19073:
19068:
19063:
19058:
19053:
19048:
19043:
19038:
19033:
19028:
19023:
19018:
19013:
19008:
19003:
18998:
18993:
18988:
18983:
18978:
18973:
18968:
18963:
18958:
18953:
18948:
18943:
18938:
18933:
18928:
18923:
18918:
18913:
18908:
18903:
18897:
18895:
18891:
18890:
18888:
18887:
18882:
18877:
18872:
18867:
18862:
18857:
18852:
18847:
18842:
18837:
18832:
18830:Pullman Strike
18827:
18822:
18820:Coal Creek War
18817:
18812:
18807:
18802:
18797:
18792:
18787:
18782:
18777:
18772:
18767:
18765:Dorr Rebellion
18762:
18757:
18752:
18747:
18742:
18736:
18734:
18730:
18729:
18726:
18723:
18722:
18717:
18716:
18709:
18702:
18694:
18685:
18684:
18673:
18670:
18669:
18667:
18666:
18663:Red Sea crisis
18659:
18652:
18645:
18639:
18637:
18633:
18632:
18630:
18629:
18628:
18627:
18613:
18606:
18599:
18594:
18589:
18588:
18587:
18571:
18570:
18569:
18562:
18550:
18544:
18542:
18538:
18537:
18535:
18534:
18529:
18524:
18523:
18522:
18510:
18505:
18500:
18493:
18485:
18483:
18479:
18478:
18476:
18475:
18470:
18465:
18460:
18453:
18448:
18443:
18438:
18433:
18425:
18423:
18419:
18418:
18416:
18415:
18410:
18408:Mecca massacre
18405:
18400:
18395:
18390:
18385:
18384:
18383:
18371:
18366:
18358:
18356:
18352:
18351:
18349:
18348:
18343:
18338:
18333:
18332:
18331:
18321:
18316:
18311:
18306:
18301:
18296:
18289:
18284:
18279:
18274:
18268:
18266:
18262:
18261:
18259:
18258:
18253:
18252:
18251:
18246:
18244:First Intifada
18241:
18229:
18227:1964 Hama riot
18224:
18222:Aden Emergency
18219:
18214:
18209:
18204:
18197:
18192:
18191:
18190:
18185:
18173:
18167:
18165:
18161:
18160:
18158:
18157:
18152:
18147:
18142:
18137:
18132:
18127:
18122:
18117:
18111:
18109:
18105:
18104:
18102:
18101:
18100:
18099:
18094:
18089:
18084:
18079:
18067:
18066:
18065:
18053:
18048:
18046:Al-Waziri coup
18043:
18038:
18037:
18036:
18031:
18026:
18021:
18008:
18006:
18002:
18001:
17999:
17998:
17993:
17988:
17983:
17978:
17973:
17968:
17963:
17958:
17952:
17950:
17946:
17945:
17943:
17942:
17937:
17932:
17927:
17922:
17917:
17912:
17906:
17904:
17900:
17899:
17897:
17896:
17891:
17890:
17889:
17884:
17879:
17874:
17869:
17864:
17863:
17862:
17845:
17840:
17835:
17830:
17829:
17828:
17823:
17818:
17813:
17808:
17807:
17806:
17789:
17783:
17781:
17777:
17776:
17769:
17768:
17761:
17754:
17746:
17737:
17736:
17734:
17733:
17728:
17722:
17720:
17716:
17715:
17713:
17712:
17706:
17704:
17700:
17699:
17697:
17696:
17691:
17683:
17678:
17673:
17668:
17663:
17658:
17656:1991 uprisings
17653:
17648:
17646:Iraq sanctions
17643:
17640:Southern Watch
17634:
17632:
17628:
17627:
17625:
17624:
17619:
17613:
17611:
17607:
17606:
17604:
17603:
17598:
17593:
17588:
17583:
17578:
17572:
17570:
17564:
17563:
17561:
17560:
17555:
17550:
17545:
17540:
17535:
17530:
17525:
17520:
17515:
17510:
17505:
17500:
17494:
17492:
17488:
17487:
17485:
17484:
17479:
17474:
17469:
17464:
17458:
17456:
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17449:
17448:
17443:
17438:
17433:
17427:
17425:
17419:
17418:
17416:
17415:
17410:
17408:Ba'athist Iraq
17405:
17400:
17394:
17392:
17388:
17387:
17385:
17384:
17379:
17373:
17371:
17367:
17366:
17364:
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17358:
17352:
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17333:
17326:
17318:
17312:
17309:
17308:
17299:
17298:
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17276:
17268:
17263:
17258:
17253:
17240:
17228:
17212:
17207:
17198:
17189:
17181:
17180:External links
17178:
17176:
17175:
17169:
17160:
17154:
17148:
17138:
17125:
17116:
17103:
17097:
17078:
17064:Bravo Two Zero
17061:
17047:
17045:
17042:
17040:
17039:
17023:
17016:backstory for
17010:
17001:
16993:
16985:
16977:
16969:
16961:
16953:
16945:
16937:
16933:Bravo Two Zero
16929:
16920:
16918:
16915:
16913:
16912:
16900:
16892:
16872:
16850:
16830:
16807:
16794:
16769:
16753:
16747:
16730:
16724:
16706:
16700:
16687:
16681:
16665:Sifry, Micah;
16662:
16656:
16638:
16629:
16608:
16602:
16589:
16572:
16566:
16553:
16532:
16526:
16513:
16500:Moise, Edwin.
16497:
16491:
16473:
16457:
16444:
16424:
16418:
16402:
16397:
16381:
16375:
16358:
16352:
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16316:
16295:
16289:
16274:
16260:
16247:
16234:
16217:
16192:
16179:
16164:
16158:
16137:
16122:"The Gulf War"
16117:
16108:
16086:
16060:
16058:
16055:
16053:
16052:
16030:
16017:
16014:
16011:
15996:
15990:
15973:
15970:
15967:
15961:
15926:
15920:
15907:
15881:
15879:
15876:
15874:
15873:
15859:
15825:
15803:
15760:
15749:. 7 April 2011
15734:
15727:
15707:
15681:
15650:
15629:
15608:
15582:
15563:
15541:
15514:
15487:
15464:
15438:
15411:
15392:
15385:
15358:
15325:
15321:MeasuringWorth
15315:United States
15303:MeasuringWorth
15288:
15259:
15244:
15217:
15210:
15188:
15154:
15133:
15099:
15066:
15029:(2): e000311.
15009:
14986:Rubin, Michael
14977:
14938:
14908:
14877:
14862:
14842:
14813:
14789:
14785:Bravo Two Zero
14773:
14751:
14725:
14723:. 12 May 2004.
14712:
14690:
14653:Rubin, Michael
14644:
14631:
14622:
14598:
14576:
14570:Joshua Project
14556:
14521:
14489:
14474:
14449:
14431:
14400:
14388:
14369:
14343:
14324:
14295:
14236:
14216:
14195:
14184:on 27 May 2013
14164:
14148:Larry Johnson
14141:
14118:
14032:
14009:
13987:
13985:, p. 207.
13975:
13950:
13930:
13928:, p. 264.
13918:
13899:
13897:, p. 470.
13887:
13860:
13835:
13824:. 2 March 1991
13820:(in Italian).
13805:
13783:
13757:
13744:
13722:
13703:
13674:
13652:
13626:
13604:
13571:
13554:
13535:
13528:
13510:
13495:New York Times
13487:
13462:
13425:(2): e000311.
13405:
13366:
13347:
13325:
13309:
13276:
13250:
13248:, p. 265.
13238:
13213:
13191:
13161:
13139:
13117:
13095:
13077:
13063:
13051:
13025:
13004:
12978:
12969:
12943:
12928:
12901:
12894:
12867:
12860:
12833:
12807:
12787:
12761:
12743:
12720:
12691:
12669:
12651:
12641:
12635:. p. 20.
12625:Holsti, Ole R.
12616:
12604:
12592:
12569:
12549:
12547:, p. 207.
12537:
12511:
12477:
12475:, p. 375.
12473:Bourque (2001)
12465:
12456:
12440:
12438:, p. 471.
12436:Bourque (2001)
12428:
12419:
12410:
12406:Bourque (2001)
12398:
12394:Bourque (2001)
12383:
12381:, p. 243.
12379:Bourque (2001)
12364:
12362:, p. 185.
12360:Bourque (2001)
12352:
12350:, p. 324.
12348:Bourque (2001)
12340:
12338:, p. 350.
12336:Bourque (2001)
12328:
12324:Bourque (2001)
12316:
12314:, p. 265.
12312:Bourque (2001)
12304:
12302:, p. 319.
12300:Bourque (2001)
12292:
12283:
12281:, p. 377.
12279:Bourque (2001)
12264:
12262:, p. 275.
12260:Bourque (2001)
12249:
12247:, p. 260.
12245:Bourque (2001)
12237:
12228:
12214:
12202:
12188:
12179:
12150:
12141:
12132:
12113:
12101:
12092:
12083:
12056:
12054:, p. 244.
12052:Bourque (2001)
12037:
12035:, p. 107.
12033:Bourque (2001)
12022:
12018:Bourque (2001)
12010:
11988:
11965:
11963:, p. 377.
11953:
11951:, p. 275.
11941:
11927:
11915:
11913:, p. 473.
11911:Bourque (2001)
11903:
11899:Bourque (2001)
11891:
11877:
11851:
11848:. p. 408.
11833:
11816:
11807:
11805:, p. 194.
11803:Bourque (2001)
11795:
11781:
11779:, p. 259.
11777:Bourque (2001)
11766:
11762:Bourque (2001)
11754:
11752:, p. 225.
11750:Bourque (2001)
11739:
11737:, p. 207.
11735:Bourque (2001)
11722:
11720:, p. 206.
11718:Bourque (2001)
11705:
11701:Bourque (2001)
11693:
11691:, p. 201.
11689:Bourque (2001)
11681:
11679:, p. 163.
11677:Bourque (2001)
11669:
11652:
11650:, p. 161.
11648:Bourque (2001)
11637:
11635:, p. 164.
11633:Bourque (2001)
11625:
11621:Bourque (2001)
11613:
11611:, p. 160.
11609:Bourque (2001)
11596:
11594:, p. 159.
11592:Bourque (2001)
11579:
11577:, p. 103.
11575:Bourque (2001)
11567:
11565:, p. 102.
11563:Bourque (2001)
11555:
11551:Bourque (2001)
11540:
11536:Bourque (2001)
11528:
11524:Bourque (2001)
11516:
11512:Bourque (2001)
11504:
11500:Hillman (1993)
11492:
11452:
11429:
11403:
11368:
11342:
11331:on 14 May 2011
11316:
11280:
11268:
11240:
11219:
11186:
11154:
11100:
11079:
11017:
10989:
10977:
10964:
10953:on 14 May 2011
10937:
10911:
10898:
10883:Atkinson, Rick
10875:
10849:
10823:
10800:
10780:
10768:
10756:
10744:
10728:
10688:
10666:
10647:
10635:
10604:
10577:
10551:
10538:
10513:
10491:
10455:
10429:
10403:
10384:
10371:
10343:
10324:
10302:
10270:
10245:
10234:on 8 June 2011
10219:
10205:
10201:New York Times
10182:
10169:
10156:
10152:New York Times
10143:
10132:. pp. A10
10116:
10087:
10057:
10028:
10008:
9985:
9957:
9922:
9901:
9888:
9865:
9843:
9820:
9797:
9767:
9742:
9716:
9680:
9665:
9629:
9605:
9569:
9530:
9494:
9476:
9458:
9427:
9400:
9393:
9367:
9355:
9330:
9293:
9278:
9267:on 26 May 2008
9247:
9228:
9224:New York Times
9201:
9183:
9168:
9166:, 25 July 1990
9164:New York Times
9145:
9143:, 18 July 1990
9141:New York Times
9122:
9120:, p. 343.
9107:
9105:, p. 338.
9095:
9083:
9081:, p. 336.
9071:
9069:, p. 335.
9059:
9057:, p. 334.
9044:
9019:
9006:
9004:, p. 341.
8991:
8979:
8966:
8951:
8917:
8893:
8878:
8876:, p. 333.
8866:
8859:
8830:
8799:
8792:
8763:
8714:
8707:
8674:
8667:
8638:
8617:
8591:
8579:
8550:
8532:
8515:
8496:
8469:
8439:
8417:
8390:
8368:
8342:
8316:
8296:
8269:
8240:
8221:
8198:
8173:
8171:, p. 455.
8169:Bourque (2001)
8146:
8127:
8107:
8096:on 1 June 2013
8081:
8072:
8045:
8032:
8019:
8010:
7997:
7982:
7973:
7952:
7945:
7914:
7893:
7870:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7806:
7798:Saddam Hussein
7777:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7645:
7642:
7602:
7599:
7524:
7521:
7509:Media watchdog
7468:
7467:
7432:of the subject
7430:worldwide view
7425:
7423:
7416:
7407:Main article:
7404:
7403:Media coverage
7401:
7369:
7366:
7352:
7349:
7336:Iraqi military
7314:Main article:
7311:
7308:
7304:Failaka Island
7280:Main article:
7277:
7274:
7250:Hammar Marshes
7206:Main article:
7203:
7200:
7192:hyperinflation
7173:
7170:
7134:US Fifth Fleet
7121:Main article:
7118:
7115:
7084:
7081:
7046:
7043:
7008:Main article:
7005:
7002:
6952:
6949:
6929:New York Times
6905:Main article:
6902:
6899:
6851:Main article:
6848:
6845:
6777:Main article:
6774:
6771:
6766:Main article:
6763:
6760:
6750:
6747:
6701:Scott Speicher
6691:
6690:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6677:Czechoslovakia
6666:
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6438:
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6432:
6429:
6426:
6425:United Kingdom
6414:
6413:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6389:
6388:
6386:
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6380:
6377:
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6309:
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6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6111:Main article:
6108:
6107:United Kingdom
6105:
6065:Main article:
6062:
6059:
6026:Main article:
6023:
6020:
6007:field hospital
5958:committed the
5956:Brian Mulroney
5948:Main article:
5945:
5942:
5926:United Nations
5920:Bahía San Blas
5908:, a corvette,
5879:Main article:
5876:
5873:
5835:Main article:
5832:
5829:
5803:Main article:
5800:
5797:
5674:Main article:
5671:
5668:
5595:
5592:
5565:only Sergeant
5545:
5542:
5534:scorched earth
5490:Main article:
5487:
5484:
5419:M110 howitzers
5415:FV101 Scorpion
5192:
5189:
5086:Main article:
5071:
5068:
5006:Main article:
5003:
5000:
4962:
4961:
4876:
4874:
4867:
4858:Main article:
4855:
4852:
4817:patrol of the
4815:Bravo Two Zero
4796:
4795:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4741:Yitzhak Shamir
4701:
4698:
4683:aerial bombing
4660:Main article:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4559:Paul Wolfowitz
4536:
4533:
4482:
4479:
4437:and President
4389:Emir of Kuwait
4363:
4360:
4258:Acting on the
4208:
4207:Military means
4205:
4155:Resolution 678
4112:naval blockade
4108:Resolution 665
4100:Resolution 661
4089:Resolution 660
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4006:
4003:
3885:saber rattling
3839:
3836:
3725:demobilization
3706:slant-drilling
3673:Ottoman Empire
3642:Saddam Hussein
3624:), and the US
3609:Saddam Hussein
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3546:
3540:
3529:
3528:Campaign names
3526:
3525:
3524:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3456:
3441:
3438:
3355:First Gulf War
3336:First Iraq War
3327:Umm al-Ma'arik
3310:First Iraq War
3293:
3290:
3270:Video Game War
3230:United Kingdom
3163:slant drilling
3151:Saddam Hussein
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3023:"No new taxes"
3015:
3010:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2964:Federal judges
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2799:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2788:Foreign policy
2785:
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2779:
2778:
2773:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2707:
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2703:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2682:a series about
2678:
2676:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2634:
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2630:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2586:Arab socialism
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:Related topics
2573:
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2568:
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2556:
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2209:
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2201:
2196:
2195:
2192:
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2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2153:
2146:Baathist Syria
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2100:Ba'athist Iraq
2095:
2092:
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2078:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2040:Saddam Hussein
2037:
2032:
2030:Hafez al-Assad
2027:
2022:
2020:Fuad al-Rikabi
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1995:Zaki al-Arsuzi
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1953:
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1930:
1922:
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1916:
1913:
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1903:
1897:
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1866:Post-ceasefire
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1540:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1476:missing people
1465:
1464:
1435:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1370:
1367:1,800 aircraft
1360:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1339:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1253:Saddam Hussein
1242:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1069:
1057:
1045:
1033:
1021:
1009:
997:
985:
973:
961:
949:
937:
925:
913:
900:
897:
896:
892:
891:
876:
874:
873:
858:
845:
832:
819:
806:
793:
780:
767:
754:
741:
728:
715:
702:
689:
676:
663:
650:
637:
624:
611:
598:
585:
572:
559:
546:
533:
520:
507:
494:
492:Czechoslovakia
482:
469:
456:
443:
428:
415:
402:
383:
382:
381:
378:
377:
364:
351:
338:
325:
322:United Kingdom
310:
296:
293:
292:
288:
287:
284:
283:
282:
281:
267:
259:
253:
252:
246:
242:
241:
238:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
211:
210:
208:
204:
203:
172:
164:
163:
161:
160:
154:
148:
141:
134:
115:
100:
99:
91:
90:
89:
80:
79:
71:
70:
69:
60:
59:
58:
57:
56:
53:
52:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
27305:
27294:
27291:
27289:
27286:
27284:
27281:
27279:
27276:
27274:
27271:
27269:
27266:
27264:
27261:
27259:
27256:
27254:
27251:
27249:
27246:
27244:
27241:
27239:
27236:
27234:
27231:
27229:
27226:
27224:
27221:
27219:
27216:
27214:
27211:
27209:
27206:
27204:
27201:
27199:
27196:
27194:
27191:
27189:
27186:
27184:
27181:
27179:
27176:
27174:
27171:
27169:
27166:
27164:
27161:
27159:
27156:
27154:
27151:
27149:
27146:
27144:
27141:
27139:
27136:
27134:
27131:
27129:
27126:
27124:
27121:
27119:
27116:
27114:
27111:
27109:
27106:
27104:
27101:
27099:
27096:
27094:
27091:
27089:
27086:
27084:
27081:
27079:
27076:
27074:
27071:
27069:
27066:
27064:
27061:
27059:
27056:
27054:
27051:
27049:
27046:
27044:
27041:
27039:
27036:
27034:
27031:
27029:
27026:
27025:
27023:
27013:
27008:
27003:
27001:
27000:United States
26991:
26989:
26979:
26977:
26967:
26966:
26963:
26946:
26945:
26934:
26928:
26925:
26923:
26920:
26918:
26915:
26913:
26910:
26908:
26905:
26903:
26900:
26898:
26895:
26891:
26888:
26887:
26886:
26883:
26881:
26878:
26876:
26873:
26871:
26868:
26866:
26863:
26862:
26860:
26856:
26850:
26847:
26845:
26842:
26840:
26837:
26833:
26830:
26829:
26828:
26825:
26821:
26818:
26817:
26816:
26813:
26809:
26806:
26805:
26804:
26801:
26799:
26796:
26794:
26791:
26790:
26788:
26784:
26778:
26775:
26771:
26768:
26766:
26765:kafala system
26763:
26762:
26761:
26758:
26756:
26753:
26751:
26748:
26746:
26743:
26741:
26738:
26736:
26733:
26731:
26728:
26726:
26723:
26721:
26718:
26716:
26713:
26712:
26710:
26706:
26701:
26691:
26688:
26686:
26683:
26681:
26678:
26676:
26673:
26671:
26668:
26666:
26663:
26662:
26660:
26658:Member states
26656:
26652:
26645:
26640:
26638:
26633:
26631:
26626:
26625:
26622:
26610:
26607:
26605:
26602:
26600:
26597:
26596:
26593:
26587:
26584:
26582:
26579:
26577:
26574:
26572:
26571:War on terror
26569:
26567:
26564:
26562:
26559:
26557:
26554:
26552:
26549:
26548:
26546:
26542:
26536:
26533:
26531:
26528:
26526:
26523:
26521:
26518:
26516:
26513:
26511:
26508:
26506:
26503:
26501:
26498:
26496:
26493:
26491:
26488:
26486:
26483:
26481:
26478:
26476:
26473:
26472:
26470:
26466:Espionage and
26464:
26458:
26455:
26453:
26450:
26448:
26445:
26443:
26440:
26438:
26435:
26433:
26430:
26428:
26425:
26423:
26420:
26418:
26417:Andrew Thorpe
26415:
26413:
26410:
26408:
26405:
26403:
26400:
26398:
26395:
26393:
26390:
26388:
26385:
26383:
26380:
26378:
26375:
26373:
26370:
26368:
26365:
26363:
26360:
26358:
26355:
26353:
26350:
26348:
26345:
26343:
26340:
26338:
26335:
26333:
26330:
26328:
26325:
26323:
26320:
26318:
26315:
26313:
26312:Gabriel Kolko
26310:
26308:
26305:
26303:
26300:
26298:
26295:
26293:
26290:
26288:
26285:
26283:
26280:
26278:
26277:Fred Halliday
26275:
26273:
26270:
26268:
26265:
26263:
26262:Lloyd Gardner
26260:
26258:
26255:
26253:
26250:
26248:
26245:
26243:
26240:
26238:
26235:
26233:
26230:
26228:
26225:
26223:
26222:Norman Davies
26220:
26218:
26215:
26213:
26210:
26208:
26207:John Costello
26205:
26203:
26200:
26198:
26195:
26193:
26190:
26188:
26185:
26183:
26180:
26178:
26175:
26174:
26172:
26168:
26162:
26159:
26157:
26154:
26152:
26149:
26148:
26146:
26142:Technological
26140:
26130:
26127:
26125:
26122:
26121:
26118:
26115:
26113:
26112:
26108:
26106:
26103:
26101:
26100:
26096:
26095:
26093:
26089:
26083:
26082:
26078:
26076:
26073:
26071:
26070:
26066:
26064:
26063:
26059:
26057:
26054:
26052:
26051:
26047:
26045:
26044:
26040:
26038:
26037:
26033:
26031:
26028:
26027:
26025:
26023:Pro-communist
26021:
26018:
26014:
26008:
26005:
26003:
26000:
25998:
25995:
25993:
25990:
25988:
25985:
25983:
25980:
25978:
25975:
25973:
25970:
25968:
25965:
25963:
25960:
25958:
25955:
25954:
25952:
25950:Organizations
25948:
25938:
25935:
25933:
25930:
25928:
25925:
25923:
25920:
25918:
25915:
25913:
25910:
25908:
25905:
25903:
25900:
25898:
25895:
25893:
25890:
25888:
25885:
25883:
25880:
25878:
25875:
25873:
25870:
25868:
25865:
25863:
25860:
25858:
25855:
25853:
25850:
25848:
25845:
25843:
25840:
25838:
25835:
25833:
25830:
25828:
25825:
25823:
25820:
25819:
25817:
25813:
25807:
25804:
25802:
25799:
25797:
25794:
25792:
25789:
25787:
25784:
25782:
25781:
25777:
25775:
25772:
25770:
25767:
25765:
25764:Eurocommunism
25762:
25760:
25757:
25755:
25752:
25750:
25747:
25746:
25744:
25742:
25738:
25732:
25729:
25727:
25724:
25722:
25719:
25717:
25714:
25712:
25709:
25707:
25704:
25702:
25699:
25695:
25692:
25691:
25690:
25687:
25685:
25682:
25680:
25677:
25676:
25674:
25672:
25668:
25665:
25661:
25655:
25652:
25650:
25647:
25645:
25642:
25640:
25637:
25635:
25632:
25630:
25627:
25625:
25622:
25620:
25617:
25615:
25612:
25610:
25607:
25605:
25602:
25600:
25597:
25595:
25594:Domino theory
25592:
25590:
25587:
25585:
25582:
25580:
25577:
25576:
25574:
25570:
25564:
25561:
25559:
25556:
25554:
25551:
25549:
25548:South Ossetia
25546:
25544:
25541:
25539:
25536:
25534:
25531:
25529:
25526:
25525:
25523:
25521:
25517:
25511:
25508:
25504:
25501:
25500:
25499:
25496:
25494:
25491:
25489:
25486:
25484:
25481:
25479:
25476:
25474:
25471:
25469:
25466:
25464:
25461:
25459:
25456:
25455:
25453:
25449:
25443:
25440:
25438:
25435:
25433:
25430:
25428:
25425:
25423:
25420:
25418:
25415:
25413:
25410:
25408:
25405:
25403:
25400:
25398:
25395:
25393:
25390:
25388:
25385:
25383:
25380:
25378:
25375:
25373:
25370:
25368:
25365:
25363:
25360:
25358:
25355:
25353:
25350:
25348:
25345:
25342:
25338:
25335:
25333:
25332:8888 Uprising
25330:
25328:
25325:
25323:
25320:
25318:
25315:
25313:
25310:
25308:
25305:
25303:
25300:
25298:
25295:
25293:
25290:
25288:
25285:
25283:
25280:
25278:
25277:Iran–Iraq War
25275:
25273:
25270:
25268:
25265:
25263:
25260:
25258:
25255:
25253:
25250:
25248:
25245:
25243:
25242:Falklands War
25240:
25238:
25235:
25233:
25230:
25228:
25225:
25223:
25220:
25218:
25215:
25213:
25210:
25206:
25203:
25202:
25201:
25198:
25196:
25193:
25191:
25188:
25186:
25182:
25179:
25177:
25174:
25172:
25169:
25168:
25166:
25162:
25156:
25153:
25151:
25148:
25146:
25143:
25141:
25138:
25136:
25133:
25131:
25128:
25126:
25123:
25121:
25118:
25116:
25113:
25111:
25108:
25106:
25105:NDF Rebellion
25103:
25101:
25098:
25096:
25093:
25091:
25088:
25086:
25085:German Autumn
25083:
25081:
25078:
25076:
25073:
25071:
25068:
25066:
25065:
25060:
25058:
25055:
25053:
25050:
25048:
25045:
25043:
25040:
25038:
25035:
25033:
25030:
25028:
25025:
25023:
25020:
25018:
25015:
25013:
25010:
25008:
25005:
25003:
25000:
24998:
24995:
24993:
24990:
24988:
24985:
24983:
24980:
24978:
24975:
24973:
24972:Metapolitefsi
24970:
24968:
24965:
24963:
24960:
24958:
24955:
24953:
24950:
24948:
24945:
24943:
24940:
24938:
24935:
24933:
24930:
24928:
24925:
24923:
24920:
24918:
24915:
24913:
24910:
24908:
24905:
24903:
24900:
24898:
24895:
24893:
24890:
24888:
24885:
24883:
24880:
24878:
24875:
24873:
24870:
24868:
24867:
24863:
24861:
24858:
24856:
24853:
24851:
24848:
24846:
24843:
24841:
24838:
24836:
24833:
24831:
24828:
24826:
24823:
24821:
24818:
24816:
24813:
24812:
24810:
24806:
24800:
24797:
24795:
24792:
24790:
24787:
24785:
24782:
24780:
24777:
24773:
24770:
24769:
24768:
24765:
24763:
24760:
24758:
24755:
24753:
24750:
24748:
24745:
24743:
24741:
24736:
24734:
24733:Prague Spring
24731:
24727:
24724:
24723:
24722:
24719:
24717:
24714:
24712:
24711:Al-Wadiah War
24709:
24707:
24704:
24702:
24699:
24697:
24694:
24692:
24689:
24687:
24684:
24682:
24679:
24677:
24676:12-3 incident
24674:
24672:
24669:
24667:
24664:
24662:
24659:
24657:
24654:
24652:
24649:
24647:
24644:
24642:
24639:
24637:
24634:
24632:
24629:
24627:
24624:
24622:
24619:
24617:
24614:
24612:
24609:
24605:
24602:
24601:
24600:
24597:
24595:
24592:
24590:
24587:
24585:
24582:
24580:
24577:
24575:
24572:
24570:
24567:
24565:
24562:
24560:
24557:
24555:
24552:
24550:
24547:
24545:
24542:
24540:
24537:
24533:
24530:
24528:
24525:
24523:
24520:
24519:
24518:
24515:
24513:
24510:
24508:
24505:
24503:
24500:
24498:
24495:
24493:
24490:
24488:
24485:
24481:
24478:
24477:
24476:
24473:
24469:
24466:
24465:
24464:
24461:
24459:
24456:
24454:
24451:
24449:
24446:
24444:
24441:
24439:
24436:
24435:
24433:
24429:
24423:
24420:
24416:
24413:
24412:
24411:
24408:
24406:
24403:
24401:
24398:
24396:
24393:
24391:
24388:
24386:
24383:
24381:
24378:
24376:
24373:
24371:
24368:
24366:
24363:
24361:
24358:
24356:
24355:
24350:
24347:
24343:
24341:
24338:
24336:
24333:
24331:
24328:
24326:
24323:
24320:
24316:
24314:
24311:
24309:
24306:
24304:
24301:
24299:
24296:
24294:
24291:
24289:
24286:
24284:
24281:
24279:
24276:
24274:
24273:
24268:
24266:
24263:
24261:
24258:
24256:
24255:Domino theory
24253:
24251:
24250:Petrov Affair
24248:
24246:
24243:
24241:
24238:
24236:
24233:
24231:
24228:
24226:
24223:
24221:
24218:
24216:
24213:
24211:
24208:
24206:
24203:
24201:
24198:
24196:
24193:
24191:
24188:
24187:
24185:
24181:
24175:
24172:
24170:
24167:
24165:
24162:
24158:
24155:
24154:
24153:
24150:
24148:
24145:
24143:
24140:
24138:
24135:
24133:
24130:
24128:
24127:Madiun Affair
24125:
24123:
24120:
24118:
24115:
24113:
24110:
24108:
24105:
24103:
24100:
24098:
24095:
24093:
24090:
24088:
24087:Marshall Plan
24085:
24081:
24078:
24076:
24073:
24071:
24068:
24067:
24066:
24063:
24061:
24058:
24056:
24053:
24051:
24048:
24046:
24043:
24041:
24038:
24036:
24033:
24031:
24028:
24026:
24023:
24021:
24018:
24016:
24013:
24011:
24008:
24006:
24003:
24001:
23998:
23996:
23995:
23990:
23988:
23987:
23982:
23980:
23979:
23974:
23972:
23969:
23967:
23964:
23962:
23959:
23957:
23956:
23951:
23949:
23946:
23942:
23939:
23937:
23936:
23931:
23929:
23928:
23923:
23922:
23921:
23918:
23916:
23913:
23911:
23908:
23906:
23903:
23901:
23898:
23897:
23895:
23891:
23885:
23882:
23880:
23877:
23875:
23872:
23870:
23867:
23865:
23862:
23860:
23857:
23855:
23852:
23850:
23847:
23845:
23844:
23840:
23838:
23837:
23836:United States
23833:
23832:
23829:
23825:
23818:
23813:
23811:
23806:
23804:
23799:
23798:
23795:
23783:
23779:
23775:
23773:
23765:
23763:
23760:
23758:
23757:List of years
23755:
23754:
23751:
23737:
23729:
23727:
23726:Urban history
23724:
23723:
23721:
23717:
23711:
23708:
23706:
23705:Palmyra Atoll
23703:
23701:
23698:
23696:
23693:
23691:
23688:
23686:
23683:
23681:
23680:Jarvis Island
23678:
23676:
23673:
23671:
23668:
23667:
23665:
23661:
23655:
23652:
23650:
23647:
23645:
23642:
23640:
23637:
23635:
23632:
23631:
23629:
23627:Insular areas
23625:
23621:
23617:
23613:
23607:
23604:
23602:
23599:
23597:
23596:West Virginia
23594:
23592:
23589:
23587:
23584:
23582:
23579:
23577:
23574:
23572:
23569:
23567:
23564:
23562:
23559:
23557:
23554:
23552:
23549:
23547:
23544:
23542:
23539:
23537:
23534:
23532:
23529:
23527:
23524:
23522:
23519:
23517:
23514:
23512:
23509:
23507:
23504:
23502:
23501:New Hampshire
23499:
23497:
23494:
23492:
23489:
23487:
23484:
23482:
23479:
23477:
23474:
23472:
23469:
23467:
23464:
23462:
23461:Massachusetts
23459:
23457:
23454:
23452:
23449:
23447:
23444:
23442:
23439:
23437:
23434:
23432:
23429:
23427:
23424:
23422:
23419:
23417:
23414:
23412:
23409:
23407:
23404:
23402:
23399:
23397:
23394:
23392:
23389:
23387:
23384:
23382:
23379:
23377:
23374:
23372:
23369:
23367:
23364:
23362:
23359:
23358:
23356:
23352:
23346:
23343:
23341:
23338:
23336:
23333:
23332:
23330:
23326:
23320:
23317:
23315:
23312:
23310:
23307:
23305:
23302:
23300:
23297:
23296:
23294:
23292:
23288:
23284:
23277:
23273:
23261:
23258:
23256:
23253:
23251:
23248:
23247:
23246:
23245:
23241:
23239:
23238:
23234:
23230:
23227:
23225:
23222:
23221:
23220:
23219:
23215:
23211:
23208:
23206:
23203:
23201:
23198:
23196:
23193:
23191:
23188:
23186:
23183:
23182:
23181:
23180:
23176:
23174:
23173:
23169:
23165:
23162:
23161:
23160:
23159:
23155:
23151:
23148:
23146:
23143:
23141:
23138:
23136:
23133:
23131:
23128:
23126:
23123:
23121:
23118:
23116:
23113:
23111:
23108:
23107:
23106:
23105:
23101:
23097:
23094:
23092:
23091:Thai American
23089:
23087:
23084:
23082:
23079:
23077:
23074:
23072:
23069:
23067:
23064:
23063:
23062:
23061:
23057:
23055:
23054:
23050:
23049:
23046:
23039:
23035:
23023:
23020:
23018:
23015:
23013:
23010:
23008:
23005:
23003:
23000:
22999:
22998:
22997:
22993:
22989:
22986:
22985:
22984:
22983:
22979:
22977:
22976:
22972:
22970:
22969:
22965:
22961:
22958:
22956:
22953:
22951:
22948:
22946:
22943:
22941:
22938:
22936:
22933:
22932:
22931:
22930:
22929:Party Systems
22926:
22922:
22919:
22917:
22914:
22912:
22909:
22907:
22904:
22902:
22899:
22897:
22894:
22893:
22892:
22891:
22887:
22885:
22884:
22880:
22878:
22877:
22873:
22869:
22868:Voting rights
22866:
22864:
22861:
22859:
22856:
22854:
22851:
22849:
22846:
22844:
22841:
22839:
22836:
22834:
22831:
22829:
22826:
22824:
22821:
22819:
22816:
22814:
22811:
22810:
22809:
22808:
22804:
22802:
22801:
22797:
22793:
22790:
22789:
22788:
22787:
22783:
22779:
22776:
22775:
22774:
22773:
22769:
22765:
22762:
22761:
22760:
22759:
22755:
22751:
22748:
22746:
22743:
22741:
22738:
22736:
22733:
22732:
22731:
22730:
22726:
22724:
22723:
22719:
22717:
22716:
22712:
22711:
22708:
22701:
22697:
22683:
22680:
22678:
22675:
22673:
22672:
22668:
22666:
22663:
22661:
22658:
22656:
22653:
22649:
22646:
22645:
22644:
22641:
22639:
22636:
22634:
22633:
22629:
22627:
22624:
22620:
22617:
22615:
22612:
22610:
22607:
22605:
22602:
22600:
22597:
22595:
22592:
22590:
22587:
22585:
22582:
22581:
22580:
22577:
22575:
22572:
22571:
22569:
22567:
22563:
22557:
22554:
22552:
22549:
22547:
22544:
22540:
22537:
22535:
22532:
22531:
22530:
22529:War on terror
22527:
22525:
22522:
22520:
22519:
22515:
22513:
22510:
22508:
22505:
22503:
22500:
22498:
22495:
22493:
22490:
22488:
22485:
22483:
22480:
22478:
22475:
22474:
22472:
22470:
22466:
22460:
22457:
22455:
22452:
22450:
22447:
22443:
22440:
22438:
22435:
22433:
22430:
22429:
22428:
22427:Late Cold War
22425:
22423:
22420:
22416:
22413:
22411:
22408:
22407:
22406:
22403:
22402:
22400:
22398:
22394:
22388:
22385:
22383:
22380:
22378:
22375:
22371:
22368:
22367:
22366:
22363:
22361:
22358:
22356:
22353:
22351:
22348:
22344:
22341:
22339:
22336:
22334:
22331:
22330:
22329:
22326:
22322:
22319:
22317:
22314:
22313:
22312:
22309:
22307:
22306:Great Society
22304:
22303:
22301:
22299:
22295:
22289:
22286:
22282:
22279:
22278:
22277:
22274:
22272:
22269:
22267:
22264:
22262:
22261:Post-war boom
22259:
22255:
22252:
22250:
22247:
22245:
22242:
22240:
22237:
22236:
22235:
22232:
22228:
22225:
22224:
22223:
22220:
22218:
22215:
22214:
22212:
22210:
22206:
22196:
22193:
22192:
22191:
22188:
22186:
22183:
22181:
22178:
22177:
22176:
22173:
22169:
22166:
22164:
22161:
22159:
22156:
22155:
22154:
22151:
22147:
22144:
22142:
22139:
22137:
22134:
22132:
22129:
22127:
22124:
22122:
22119:
22118:
22117:
22114:
22112:
22109:
22105:
22102:
22101:
22100:
22097:
22096:
22094:
22092:
22088:
22082:
22079:
22075:
22072:
22070:
22067:
22065:
22062:
22060:
22057:
22056:
22055:
22052:
22048:
22045:
22043:
22040:
22038:
22035:
22033:
22030:
22028:
22025:
22023:
22020:
22019:
22018:
22015:
22013:
22010:
22006:
22003:
22001:
21998:
21996:
21993:
21991:
21988:
21986:
21983:
21982:
21981:
21978:
21977:
21975:
21973:
21969:
21961:
21958:
21956:
21953:
21952:
21951:
21948:
21944:
21941:
21939:
21936:
21934:
21931:
21927:
21924:
21923:
21922:
21919:
21917:
21914:
21912:
21909:
21908:
21907:
21904:
21902:
21899:
21897:
21894:
21893:
21891:
21889:
21885:
21879:
21876:
21874:
21871:
21867:
21864:
21862:
21859:
21857:
21854:
21852:
21849:
21847:
21844:
21842:
21839:
21838:
21837:
21834:
21830:
21827:
21825:
21822:
21821:
21820:
21817:
21816:
21814:
21812:
21808:
21800:
21797:
21795:
21792:
21791:
21790:
21787:
21783:
21780:
21778:
21775:
21774:
21773:
21770:
21768:
21765:
21764:
21762:
21760:
21756:
21748:
21745:
21743:
21740:
21738:
21735:
21733:
21730:
21728:
21725:
21722:
21721:
21720:
21717:
21713:
21710:
21708:
21705:
21703:
21700:
21698:
21695:
21693:
21690:
21689:
21688:
21685:
21684:
21682:
21680:
21676:
21668:
21665:
21663:
21660:
21658:
21655:
21653:
21650:
21648:
21645:
21643:
21640:
21638:
21635:
21633:
21630:
21628:
21625:
21623:
21620:
21618:
21615:
21614:
21613:
21610:
21608:
21605:
21603:
21600:
21598:
21595:
21593:
21590:
21588:
21585:
21583:
21580:
21578:
21575:
21573:
21570:
21568:
21565:
21563:
21560:
21558:
21555:
21553:
21550:
21549:
21547:
21545:
21541:
21535:
21534:
21530:
21528:
21527:
21523:
21522:
21520:
21516:
21512:
21505:
21501:
21495:
21492:
21490:
21487:
21486:
21483:
21479:
21472:
21467:
21465:
21460:
21458:
21453:
21452:
21449:
21437:
21429:
21427:
21419:
21417:
21413:
21409:
21407:
21399:
21398:
21395:
21379:
21376:
21374:
21371:
21370:
21369:
21366:
21364:
21361:
21359:
21356:
21354:
21351:
21349:
21346:
21344:
21341:
21339:
21336:
21334:
21331:
21329:
21326:
21324:
21321:
21319:
21316:
21314:
21311:
21309:
21306:
21304:
21301:
21300:
21298:
21294:
21286:
21283:
21281:
21278:
21276:
21273:
21271:
21268:
21266:
21263:
21262:
21261:
21258:
21256:
21253:
21249:
21246:
21243:
21242:Iraqi Turkmen
21240:
21238:
21235:
21233:
21230:
21228:
21225:
21223:
21220:
21218:
21215:
21213:
21210:
21208:
21205:
21203:
21200:
21199:
21198:
21195:
21191:
21188:
21186:
21183:
21181:
21178:
21176:
21173:
21171:
21168:
21167:
21166:
21163:
21161:
21158:
21157:
21155:
21153:
21149:
21145:
21141:
21136:
21132:
21122:
21119:
21117:
21114:
21112:
21109:
21107:
21104:
21102:
21099:
21097:
21094:
21092:
21089:
21087:
21084:
21082:
21079:
21077:
21074:
21072:
21069:
21067:
21061:
21059:
21056:
21054:
21051:
21049:
21046:
21044:
21041:
21040:
21037:
21033:
21028:
21024:
21014:
21011:
21009:
21006:
21004:
21001:
20999:
20996:
20994:
20991:
20989:
20986:
20982:
20979:
20977:
20974:
20972:
20969:
20965:
20962:
20961:
20960:
20957:
20955:
20952:
20950:
20947:
20946:
20945:
20942:
20936:
20933:
20932:
20931:
20928:
20924:
20921:
20920:
20919:
20916:
20914:
20911:
20909:
20906:
20905:
20904:
20901:
20899:
20896:
20894:
20891:
20889:
20886:
20884:
20881:
20879:
20877:(legislative)
20873:
20871:
20868:
20866:
20863:
20862:
20859:
20855:
20850:
20846:
20836:
20833:
20831:
20828:
20826:
20823:
20821:
20818:
20816:
20813:
20811:
20810:Syrian Desert
20808:
20806:
20805:Shatt al-Arab
20803:
20801:
20798:
20796:
20793:
20791:
20788:
20786:
20783:
20781:
20778:
20776:
20773:
20771:
20768:
20766:
20763:
20761:
20758:
20756:
20753:
20751:
20748:
20746:
20743:
20741:
20740:Faw peninsula
20738:
20737:
20734:
20730:
20725:
20721:
20707:
20704:
20700:
20697:
20696:
20695:
20692:
20688:
20685:
20683:
20682:Fall of Mosul
20680:
20679:
20678:
20675:
20673:
20670:
20666:
20663:
20661:
20658:
20656:
20655:U.S. invasion
20653:
20652:
20651:
20648:
20646:
20643:
20639:
20636:
20635:
20634:
20631:
20629:
20626:
20624:
20621:
20619:
20618:Iran–Iraq War
20616:
20614:
20611:
20609:
20606:
20604:
20601:
20599:
20596:
20594:
20591:
20589:
20586:
20583:
20579:
20576:
20575:
20572:
20566:
20564:
20561:
20559:
20556:
20554:
20551:
20550:
20548:
20546:
20542:
20536:
20533:
20529:
20526:
20525:
20524:
20521:
20519:
20516:
20514:
20511:
20508:
20504:
20501:
20499:
20496:
20494:
20491:
20489:
20486:
20484:
20483:Buyid dynasty
20481:
20479:
20476:
20474:
20471:
20469:
20466:
20465:
20463:
20459:
20453:
20450:
20448:
20445:
20443:
20440:
20438:
20435:
20433:
20430:
20428:
20425:
20423:
20420:
20418:
20415:
20413:
20410:
20408:
20405:
20403:
20400:
20398:
20395:
20393:
20390:
20388:
20385:
20383:
20380:
20378:
20375:
20373:
20370:
20368:
20365:
20363:
20360:
20358:
20355:
20353:
20350:
20348:
20345:
20343:
20340:
20338:
20335:
20333:
20332:Halaf culture
20330:
20328:
20325:
20323:
20320:
20319:
20317:
20315:
20311:
20307:
20303:
20298:
20294:
20289:
20283:
20273:
20268:
20266:
20261:
20259:
20254:
20253:
20250:
20240:
20239:
20228:
20222:
20221:
20217:
20215:
20214:
20210:
20208:
20207:
20203:
20201:
20200:
20196:
20195:
20193:
20189:
20183:
20179:
20177:
20173:
20169:
20165:
20163:
20159:
20155:
20153:
20149:
20147:
20143:
20142:Sajida Talfah
20139:
20137:
20133:
20129:
20125:
20122:
20119:
20118:
20116:
20114:
20110:
20104:
20101:
20099:
20096:
20095:
20093:
20089:
20083:
20080:
20078:
20077:
20073:
20071:
20070:
20066:
20064:
20063:
20059:
20057:
20056:
20052:
20051:
20049:
20047:
20043:
20038:
20026:
20023:
20022:
20021:
20018:
20016:
20013:
20011:
20010:Interrogation
20008:
20006:
20003:
19999:
19996:
19995:
19994:
19991:
19989:
19986:
19982:
19979:
19978:
19977:
19974:
19972:
19969:
19965:
19962:
19961:
19960:
19959:Iran–Iraq War
19957:
19955:
19952:
19950:
19947:
19946:
19944:
19940:
19936:
19929:
19924:
19922:
19917:
19915:
19910:
19909:
19906:
19893:
19892:
19887:
19884:
19883:
19878:
19877:
19874:
19867:
19863:
19860:
19856:
19853:
19849:
19846:
19842:
19839:
19835:
19830:
19826:
19825:
19823:
19819:
19816:
19812:
19809:
19805:
19802:
19798:
19795:
19791:
19788:
19784:
19781:
19777:
19774:
19770:
19767:
19763:
19760:
19756:
19753:
19749:
19744:
19740:
19739:
19737:
19733:
19728:
19724:
19721:
19717:
19716:
19714:
19710:
19705:
19701:
19698:
19694:
19691:
19687:
19684:
19680:
19677:
19673:
19672:
19670:
19666:
19663:
19659:
19656:
19652:
19649:
19645:
19640:
19636:
19635:
19633:
19629:
19626:
19622:
19619:
19615:
19612:
19608:
19605:
19601:
19598:
19594:
19593:
19591:
19587:
19580:
19576:
19571:
19567:
19566:
19564:
19560:
19557:
19553:
19550:
19546:
19543:
19539:
19536:
19532:
19529:
19525:
19520:
19516:
19513:
19509:
19508:
19506:
19502:
19501:
19499:
19497:
19493:
19482:
19478:
19475:
19471:
19468:
19464:
19461:
19457:
19453:
19449:
19448:
19446:
19442:
19435:
19431:
19426:
19422:
19419:
19415:
19414:
19412:
19408:
19403:
19402:controversies
19399:
19396:
19392:
19389:
19385:
19384:
19382:
19378:
19375:
19371:
19368:
19364:
19361:
19357:
19354:
19350:
19347:
19343:
19340:
19336:
19333:
19329:
19324:
19320:
19317:
19313:
19310:
19306:
19303:
19299:
19298:
19296:
19292:
19289:
19285:
19282:
19278:
19277:
19275:
19273:
19269:
19264:
19257:
19252:
19250:
19245:
19243:
19238:
19237:
19234:
19228:
19224:
19223:
19218:
19205:
19202:
19200:
19199:War on terror
19197:
19195:
19192:
19190:
19187:
19185:
19182:
19180:
19177:
19175:
19172:
19170:
19167:
19165:
19162:
19160:
19157:
19155:
19152:
19150:
19147:
19145:
19142:
19140:
19137:
19136:
19134:
19130:
19124:
19121:
19117:
19114:
19112:
19109:
19107:
19104:
19102:
19099:
19098:
19097:
19094:
19092:
19089:
19087:
19084:
19082:
19079:
19077:
19074:
19072:
19069:
19067:
19064:
19062:
19059:
19057:
19054:
19052:
19049:
19047:
19044:
19042:
19039:
19037:
19034:
19032:
19029:
19027:
19024:
19022:
19019:
19017:
19014:
19012:
19009:
19007:
19004:
19002:
18999:
18997:
18994:
18992:
18989:
18987:
18984:
18982:
18979:
18977:
18974:
18972:
18969:
18967:
18964:
18962:
18959:
18957:
18954:
18952:
18949:
18947:
18944:
18942:
18939:
18937:
18934:
18932:
18929:
18927:
18924:
18922:
18919:
18917:
18914:
18912:
18909:
18907:
18904:
18902:
18899:
18898:
18896:
18892:
18886:
18883:
18881:
18878:
18876:
18873:
18871:
18868:
18866:
18863:
18861:
18858:
18856:
18853:
18851:
18848:
18846:
18843:
18841:
18838:
18836:
18833:
18831:
18828:
18826:
18823:
18821:
18818:
18816:
18813:
18811:
18808:
18806:
18803:
18801:
18798:
18796:
18793:
18791:
18788:
18786:
18783:
18781:
18778:
18776:
18773:
18771:
18768:
18766:
18763:
18761:
18758:
18756:
18753:
18751:
18748:
18746:
18743:
18741:
18738:
18737:
18735:
18731:
18724:
18715:
18710:
18708:
18703:
18701:
18696:
18695:
18692:
18680:
18678:
18671:
18665:
18664:
18660:
18658:
18657:
18653:
18651:
18650:
18646:
18644:
18641:
18640:
18638:
18634:
18626:
18625:
18624:
18619:
18618:
18617:
18616:Yemeni crisis
18614:
18612:
18611:
18607:
18605:
18604:
18600:
18598:
18595:
18593:
18590:
18586:
18585:
18581:
18580:
18579:
18578:
18577:
18572:
18568:
18567:
18563:
18561:
18560:
18556:
18555:
18554:
18551:
18549:
18546:
18545:
18543:
18539:
18533:
18530:
18528:
18525:
18521:
18518:
18517:
18516:
18515:
18511:
18509:
18506:
18504:
18501:
18499:
18498:
18494:
18492:
18491:
18487:
18486:
18484:
18480:
18474:
18471:
18469:
18466:
18464:
18461:
18459:
18458:
18454:
18452:
18449:
18447:
18444:
18442:
18439:
18437:
18434:
18432:
18431:
18427:
18426:
18424:
18420:
18414:
18411:
18409:
18406:
18404:
18401:
18399:
18396:
18394:
18391:
18389:
18386:
18382:
18381:
18377:
18376:
18375:
18372:
18370:
18367:
18365:
18364:
18363:Iran–Iraq War
18360:
18359:
18357:
18353:
18347:
18344:
18342:
18339:
18337:
18334:
18330:
18327:
18326:
18325:
18322:
18320:
18317:
18315:
18314:NDF Rebellion
18312:
18310:
18307:
18305:
18302:
18300:
18297:
18295:
18294:
18290:
18288:
18285:
18283:
18280:
18278:
18275:
18273:
18270:
18269:
18267:
18263:
18257:
18254:
18250:
18247:
18245:
18242:
18240:
18237:
18236:
18235:
18234:
18230:
18228:
18225:
18223:
18220:
18218:
18215:
18213:
18210:
18208:
18205:
18203:
18202:
18198:
18196:
18193:
18189:
18186:
18184:
18181:
18180:
18179:
18178:
18174:
18172:
18169:
18168:
18166:
18162:
18156:
18153:
18151:
18148:
18146:
18143:
18141:
18138:
18136:
18133:
18131:
18128:
18126:
18123:
18121:
18118:
18116:
18113:
18112:
18110:
18106:
18098:
18095:
18093:
18090:
18088:
18085:
18083:
18080:
18078:
18075:
18074:
18073:
18072:
18068:
18064:
18061:
18060:
18059:
18058:
18054:
18052:
18049:
18047:
18044:
18042:
18039:
18035:
18032:
18030:
18027:
18025:
18022:
18020:
18017:
18016:
18015:
18014:
18010:
18009:
18007:
18003:
17997:
17994:
17992:
17989:
17987:
17984:
17982:
17979:
17977:
17974:
17972:
17969:
17967:
17964:
17962:
17959:
17957:
17954:
17953:
17951:
17947:
17941:
17938:
17936:
17933:
17931:
17928:
17926:
17923:
17921:
17918:
17916:
17913:
17911:
17908:
17907:
17905:
17901:
17895:
17892:
17888:
17887:United States
17885:
17883:
17880:
17878:
17875:
17873:
17870:
17868:
17865:
17861:
17858:
17857:
17856:
17853:
17852:
17851:
17850:
17846:
17844:
17841:
17839:
17836:
17834:
17831:
17827:
17824:
17822:
17819:
17817:
17814:
17812:
17809:
17805:
17802:
17801:
17800:
17797:
17796:
17795:
17794:
17790:
17788:
17785:
17784:
17782:
17778:
17774:
17767:
17762:
17760:
17755:
17753:
17748:
17747:
17744:
17732:
17729:
17727:
17724:
17723:
17721:
17717:
17711:
17708:
17707:
17705:
17701:
17695:
17692:
17690:
17689:
17684:
17682:
17679:
17677:
17674:
17672:
17669:
17667:
17664:
17662:
17659:
17657:
17654:
17652:
17649:
17647:
17644:
17642:
17641:
17636:
17635:
17633:
17629:
17623:
17620:
17618:
17615:
17614:
17612:
17608:
17602:
17599:
17597:
17594:
17592:
17589:
17587:
17584:
17582:
17579:
17577:
17574:
17573:
17571:
17569:
17565:
17559:
17556:
17554:
17551:
17549:
17546:
17544:
17541:
17539:
17536:
17534:
17531:
17529:
17526:
17524:
17521:
17519:
17516:
17514:
17511:
17509:
17506:
17504:
17503:Wadi al-Batin
17501:
17499:
17496:
17495:
17493:
17489:
17483:
17480:
17478:
17475:
17473:
17470:
17468:
17465:
17463:
17460:
17459:
17457:
17453:
17447:
17444:
17442:
17439:
17437:
17434:
17432:
17429:
17428:
17426:
17424:
17420:
17414:
17411:
17409:
17406:
17404:
17401:
17399:
17398:Iran–Iraq War
17396:
17395:
17393:
17389:
17383:
17380:
17378:
17375:
17374:
17372:
17368:
17362:
17359:
17357:
17354:
17353:
17350:
17346:
17339:
17334:
17332:
17327:
17325:
17320:
17319:
17316:
17310:
17303:
17297:
17293:
17290:
17287:
17283:
17280:
17277:
17275:
17272:
17269:
17267:
17264:
17262:
17259:
17257:
17254:
17251:
17247:
17244:
17241:
17236:
17232:
17229:
17227:
17223:
17219:
17216:
17213:
17211:
17208:
17206:
17202:
17199:
17197:
17193:
17190:
17187:
17184:
17183:
17173:
17170:
17168:
17164:
17161:
17158:
17155:
17152:
17149:
17146:
17145:James Follett
17142:
17139:
17137:
17133:
17129:
17126:
17123:
17120:
17117:
17115:
17111:
17107:
17104:
17101:
17098:
17096:
17092:
17088:
17084:
17083:
17079:
17077:
17073:
17069:
17065:
17062:
17060:
17056:
17052:
17049:
17048:
17037:
17033:
17029:
17028:
17024:
17021:
17020:
17015:
17011:
17008:
17007:
17002:
16999:
16998:
16994:
16991:
16990:
16986:
16983:
16982:
16978:
16975:
16974:
16970:
16967:
16966:
16962:
16959:
16958:
16954:
16951:
16950:
16946:
16943:
16942:
16938:
16935:
16934:
16930:
16927:
16926:
16922:
16921:
16910:(in Italian).
16909:
16905:
16904:"Iraq (1990)"
16901:
16897:
16893:
16881:
16877:
16873:
16862:
16861:
16856:
16851:
16840:
16836:
16831:
16827:
16821:
16814:
16810:
16804:
16800:
16795:
16783:
16779:
16775:
16770:
16759:
16754:
16750:
16744:
16739:
16738:
16731:
16727:
16721:
16717:
16716:
16711:
16707:
16703:
16697:
16693:
16688:
16684:
16678:
16674:
16673:
16668:
16663:
16659:
16653:
16649:
16648:
16643:
16639:
16636:
16632:
16626:
16622:
16617:
16616:
16609:
16605:
16599:
16595:
16590:
16578:
16573:
16569:
16563:
16559:
16554:
16542:
16538:
16533:
16529:
16523:
16519:
16514:
16503:
16498:
16494:
16488:
16484:
16483:
16478:
16477:Makiya, Kanan
16474:
16463:
16458:
16454:
16450:
16445:
16434:
16430:
16425:
16421:
16415:
16411:
16407:
16403:
16398:
16387:
16382:
16378:
16372:
16367:
16366:
16359:
16355:
16349:
16346:. Routledge.
16345:
16344:
16338:
16334:
16328:
16324:
16323:
16317:
16305:
16301:
16296:
16292:
16286:
16282:
16281:
16275:
16271:
16267:
16263:
16257:
16253:
16248:
16244:
16240:
16235:
16233:
16229:
16226:
16222:
16218:
16206:
16202:
16200:
16193:
16182:
16176:
16172:
16171:
16165:
16161:
16155:
16152:. Routledge.
16150:
16149:
16143:
16138:
16127:
16123:
16118:
16114:
16109:
16098:
16097:
16092:
16087:
16075:
16071:
16070:Sunday Herald
16067:
16062:
16061:
16049:
16045:
16041:
16037:
16033:
16027:
16023:
16018:
16015:
16012:
16009:
16005:
16001:
15997:
15993:
15987:
15983:
15982:Central Point
15979:
15974:
15971:
15968:
15965:
15962:
15947:
15943:
15939:
15932:
15927:
15923:
15917:
15913:
15908:
15904:
15900:
15896:
15892:
15888:
15883:
15882:
15869:
15863:
15848:
15844:
15840:
15836:
15829:
15814:. Ima.umn.edu
15813:
15807:
15788:
15784:
15777:
15773:
15767:
15765:
15748:
15747:The Economist
15744:
15738:
15730:
15724:
15720:
15719:
15711:
15695:
15691:
15685:
15669:
15665:
15661:
15654:
15639:
15633:
15618:
15612:
15596:
15592:
15586:
15579:
15575:
15572:
15567:
15551:
15545:
15528:
15524:
15518:
15502:
15498:
15491:
15475:
15468:
15453:
15449:
15442:
15426:
15422:
15415:
15408:
15404:
15401:
15396:
15388:
15382:
15378:
15371:
15370:
15362:
15346:
15342:
15338:
15332:
15330:
15322:
15318:
15305:
15304:
15299:
15292:
15276:
15272:
15266:
15264:
15255:
15248:
15232:
15228:
15221:
15213:
15207:
15202:
15201:
15192:
15176:
15172:
15168:
15164:
15158:
15151:
15147:
15143:
15137:
15121:
15117:
15116:Duke Magazine
15113:
15106:
15104:
15087:
15083:
15079:
15078:"Marsh Arabs"
15073:
15071:
15062:
15058:
15053:
15048:
15044:
15040:
15036:
15032:
15028:
15024:
15020:
15013:
15005:
15001:
14997:
14996:
14991:
14987:
14981:
14962:
14958:
14957:
14949:
14942:
14926:
14922:
14918:
14912:
14896:
14892:
14888:
14881:
14873:
14866:
14859:
14855:
14852:
14846:
14830:
14826:
14820:
14818:
14809:
14805:
14804:
14799:
14793:
14787:by Andy McNab
14786:
14782:
14777:
14761:
14755:
14739:
14735:
14729:
14722:
14716:
14700:
14694:
14675:
14671:
14667:
14666:
14658:
14654:
14648:
14641:
14635:
14626:
14620:. 5 June 2011
14619:
14615:
14611:
14608:
14602:
14594:
14590:
14586:
14580:
14572:
14571:
14566:
14560:
14552:
14548:
14544:
14540:
14536:
14532:
14525:
14509:
14505:
14498:
14496:
14494:
14485:
14478:
14463:
14459:
14453:
14445:
14438:
14436:
14428:
14424:
14420:
14417:
14411:
14409:
14407:
14405:
14397:
14392:
14384:
14380:
14373:
14357:
14353:
14347:
14339:
14335:
14328:
14313:
14306:
14299:
14291:
14287:
14282:
14277:
14272:
14267:
14263:
14259:
14255:
14251:
14247:
14240:
14232:
14231:
14226:
14220:
14205:
14199:
14183:
14179:
14178:Sunday Herald
14175:
14168:
14161:
14158:
14154:
14151:
14145:
14138:
14135:
14131:
14128:
14122:
14115:
14103:. 11 May 2022
14102:
14098:
14091:
14087:
14083:
14079:
14074:
14069:
14065:
14061:
14057:
14053:
14049:
14048:
14043:
14036:
14028:
14024:
14020:
14013:
13997:
13991:
13984:
13983:Tucker (2010)
13979:
13964:
13960:
13954:
13946:
13942:
13941:
13934:
13927:
13926:Tucker (2010)
13922:
13914:
13910:
13903:
13896:
13895:Tucker (2010)
13891:
13875:
13871:
13864:
13849:
13845:
13839:
13823:
13819:
13818:la Repubblica
13815:
13809:
13793:
13787:
13771:
13767:
13761:
13754:
13748:
13732:
13726:
13719:
13715:
13712:
13707:
13700:
13696:
13692:
13689:
13683:
13681:
13679:
13662:
13656:
13641:on 1 May 2011
13640:
13636:
13630:
13615:
13608:
13600:
13596:
13592:
13586:
13584:
13582:
13580:
13578:
13576:
13568:
13563:
13561:
13559:
13550:
13546:
13539:
13531:
13525:
13521:
13514:
13507:
13503:
13500:
13496:
13491:
13476:
13472:
13466:
13458:
13454:
13449:
13444:
13440:
13436:
13432:
13428:
13424:
13420:
13416:
13409:
13401:
13397:
13393:
13389:
13385:
13381:
13377:
13370:
13362:
13358:
13351:
13343:
13339:
13335:
13329:
13322:
13319:Robert Fisk,
13316:
13314:
13305:
13301:
13297:
13293:
13288:
13280:
13264:
13257:
13255:
13247:
13246:Tucker (2010)
13242:
13235:
13231:
13227:
13223:
13217:
13209:
13205:
13201:
13195:
13179:
13175:
13171:
13165:
13149:
13143:
13127:
13121:
13105:
13099:
13092:(in Italian).
13091:
13087:
13086:"Iraq (1990)"
13081:
13073:
13067:
13060:
13054:
13048:
13044:
13039:
13038:
13029:
13014:
13008:
12992:
12988:
12982:
12973:
12957:
12953:
12947:
12939:
12932:
12916:
12912:
12905:
12897:
12891:
12887:
12883:
12882:
12874:
12872:
12863:
12857:
12853:
12846:
12845:
12837:
12821:
12817:
12811:
12804:
12800:
12797:
12791:
12775:
12773:
12765:
12757:
12753:
12747:
12731:
12724:
12708:
12704:
12698:
12696:
12679:
12673:
12666:
12665:
12660:
12655:
12648:
12644:
12638:
12634:
12630:
12626:
12620:
12613:
12608:
12601:
12596:
12580:
12573:
12564:
12562:
12560:
12558:
12556:
12554:
12546:
12541:
12526:
12525:RCI | English
12522:
12515:
12500:
12496:
12492:
12488:
12481:
12474:
12469:
12460:
12454:
12450:
12444:
12437:
12432:
12423:
12414:
12407:
12402:
12396:, p. 19.
12395:
12390:
12388:
12380:
12375:
12373:
12371:
12369:
12361:
12356:
12349:
12344:
12337:
12332:
12326:, p. 43.
12325:
12320:
12313:
12308:
12301:
12296:
12287:
12280:
12275:
12273:
12271:
12269:
12261:
12256:
12254:
12246:
12241:
12232:
12224:
12218:
12212:, p. 74.
12211:
12206:
12198:
12192:
12183:
12167:
12163:
12157:
12155:
12145:
12136:
12130:, p. 73.
12129:
12124:
12122:
12120:
12118:
12111:, p. 66.
12110:
12105:
12096:
12087:
12079:
12072:
12065:
12063:
12061:
12053:
12048:
12046:
12044:
12042:
12034:
12029:
12027:
12019:
12014:
11998:
11992:
11976:
11969:
11962:
11957:
11950:
11945:
11937:
11931:
11924:
11919:
11912:
11907:
11901:, p. 90.
11900:
11895:
11887:
11881:
11865:
11858:
11856:
11847:
11840:
11838:
11829:
11823:
11821:
11811:
11804:
11799:
11791:
11785:
11778:
11773:
11771:
11763:
11758:
11751:
11746:
11744:
11736:
11731:
11729:
11727:
11719:
11714:
11712:
11710:
11702:
11697:
11690:
11685:
11678:
11673:
11665:
11659:
11657:
11649:
11644:
11642:
11634:
11629:
11622:
11617:
11610:
11605:
11603:
11601:
11593:
11588:
11586:
11584:
11576:
11571:
11564:
11559:
11553:, p. 99.
11552:
11547:
11545:
11538:, p. 98.
11537:
11532:
11526:, p. 96.
11525:
11520:
11514:, p. 95.
11513:
11508:
11501:
11496:
11487:
11485:
11483:
11481:
11479:
11477:
11475:
11473:
11471:
11469:
11467:
11465:
11463:
11461:
11459:
11457:
11449:
11445:
11441:
11438:
11433:
11418:
11414:
11407:
11392:
11388:
11384:
11383:
11378:
11372:
11357:
11353:
11346:
11330:
11326:
11320:
11305:
11301:
11297:
11296:
11291:
11284:
11278:
11272:
11257:
11256:
11251:
11244:
11236:
11235:
11230:
11223:
11207:
11203:
11199:
11193:
11191:
11174:
11170:
11169:
11164:
11158:
11150:
11146:
11141:
11136:
11132:
11128:
11124:
11120:
11119:
11111:
11104:
11089:
11083:
11075:
11071:
11066:
11061:
11057:
11053:
11049:
11045:
11041:
11040:
11032:
11028:
11021:
11006:
11002:
10996:
10994:
10987:
10981:
10974:
10968:
10952:
10948:
10941:
10926:on 1 May 2011
10925:
10921:
10915:
10908:
10902:
10896:
10892:
10888:
10884:
10879:
10872:
10860:
10853:
10837:
10833:
10827:
10811:
10804:
10797:
10793:
10790:
10784:
10778:, p. 32.
10777:
10776:Makiya (1993)
10772:
10765:
10764:Makiya (1993)
10760:
10754:, p. 40.
10753:
10752:Makiya (1993)
10748:
10741:
10737:
10732:
10724:
10720:
10716:
10712:
10708:
10707:
10702:
10695:
10693:
10676:
10670:
10662:
10658:
10651:
10644:
10639:
10623:
10619:
10615:
10608:
10592:
10588:
10581:
10566:
10562:
10555:
10548:
10542:
10527:
10523:
10517:
10501:
10495:
10476:
10472:
10471:apps.dtic.mil
10465:
10459:
10443:
10439:
10433:
10417:
10413:
10407:
10399:
10395:
10388:
10381:
10375:
10368:
10364:
10361:
10357:
10356:
10355:New Statesman
10350:
10348:
10341:
10337:
10334:
10328:
10320:
10316:
10312:
10306:
10298:
10286:
10282:
10281:
10274:
10259:
10255:
10249:
10233:
10229:
10223:
10217:
10214:
10209:
10202:
10199:
10195:
10192:
10189:Alan Riding,
10186:
10179:
10173:
10166:
10160:
10153:
10147:
10131:
10127:
10120:
10104:
10103:
10098:
10091:
10075:
10073:
10068:
10061:
10045:
10044:
10039:
10032:
10025:
10021:
10018:
10012:
10006:
10002:
9998:
9992:
9990:
9973:
9972:
9967:
9961:
9945:
9944:
9939:
9935:
9929:
9927:
9918:
9914:
9908:
9906:
9898:
9892:
9884:
9880:
9876:
9869:
9853:
9847:
9839:
9835:
9831:
9824:
9816:
9812:
9808:
9801:
9793:
9789:
9785:
9781:
9774:
9772:
9756:
9752:
9746:
9738:
9734:
9730:
9723:
9721:
9701:
9697:
9690:
9684:
9678:, p. 29.
9677:
9676:Finlan (2003)
9672:
9670:
9650:
9646:
9639:
9633:
9625:
9624:
9619:
9612:
9610:
9590:
9586:
9579:
9573:
9565:
9561:
9557:
9553:
9549:
9545:
9541:
9534:
9515:
9511:
9504:
9498:
9490:
9486:
9480:
9472:
9468:
9462:
9446:
9442:
9438:
9431:
9415:
9411:
9404:
9396:
9390:
9386:
9382:
9378:
9371:
9365:, p. 25.
9364:
9363:Finlan (2003)
9359:
9343:
9337:
9335:
9315:
9311:
9304:
9297:
9291:, p. 26.
9290:
9289:Finlan (2003)
9285:
9283:
9266:
9262:
9256:
9254:
9252:
9243:
9239:
9232:
9225:
9222:
9218:
9215:
9210:
9208:
9206:
9197:
9193:
9187:
9180:
9179:Finlan (2003)
9175:
9173:
9165:
9162:
9158:
9155:
9149:
9142:
9139:
9135:
9132:
9126:
9119:
9118:Simons (2004)
9114:
9112:
9104:
9103:Simons (2004)
9099:
9092:
9091:Simons (2004)
9087:
9080:
9079:Simons (2004)
9075:
9068:
9067:Simons (2004)
9063:
9056:
9055:Simons (2004)
9051:
9049:
9041:
9036:
9035:
9030:
9023:
9016:
9010:
9003:
9002:Simons (2004)
8998:
8996:
8988:
8987:Simons (2004)
8983:
8977:, 7 June 1989
8976:
8970:
8963:
8962:Simons (2004)
8958:
8956:
8939:
8935:
8931:
8927:
8921:
8913:
8909:
8904:
8897:
8890:
8889:Simons (2004)
8885:
8883:
8875:
8874:Simons (2004)
8870:
8862:
8856:
8852:
8848:
8844:
8840:
8834:
8818:
8814:
8810:
8803:
8795:
8789:
8785:
8781:
8777:
8773:
8767:
8756:
8752:
8748:
8744:
8740:
8736:
8732:
8725:
8723:
8721:
8719:
8710:
8704:
8700:
8696:
8692:
8688:
8684:
8678:
8670:
8664:
8660:
8656:
8652:
8648:
8642:
8627:
8621:
8606:
8605:www.canada.ca
8602:
8595:
8588:
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8553:
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8500:
8484:
8480:
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8443:
8427:
8421:
8415:
8414:
8409:
8405:
8402:
8397:
8395:
8378:
8372:
8356:
8352:
8346:
8330:
8326:
8320:
8312:
8311:
8306:
8300:
8285:
8284:
8279:
8273:
8257:
8253:
8247:
8245:
8228:
8224:
8218:
8214:
8213:
8205:
8203:
8187:
8183:
8177:
8170:
8165:
8163:
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8159:
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8151:
8143:
8139:
8136:
8131:
8123:
8119:
8116:
8111:
8095:
8091:
8085:
8076:
8060:
8056:
8049:
8042:
8036:
8029:
8023:
8014:
8007:
8001:
7993:
7986:
7977:
7969:
7965:
7959:
7957:
7948:
7942:
7938:
7934:
7930:
7929:
7921:
7919:
7912:
7908:
7905:
7902:
7897:
7891:
7887:
7884:
7881:
7874:
7855:
7851:
7850:apps.dtic.mil
7844:
7838:
7836:
7834:
7829:
7816:
7810:
7803:
7799:
7795:
7791:
7787:
7786:Iran–Iraq War
7781:
7774:
7768:
7764:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7704:
7697:
7695:
7694:
7689:
7685:
7681:
7677:
7676:
7671:
7670:
7665:
7664:
7659:
7658:
7653:
7652:
7641:
7639:
7633:
7629:
7627:
7623:
7620:
7616:
7607:
7598:
7596:
7591:
7589:
7585:
7581:
7577:
7575:
7571:
7569:
7568:daisy cutters
7565:
7564:cluster bombs
7560:
7557:
7550:
7546:
7542:
7541:
7535:
7530:
7520:
7518:
7514:
7510:
7506:
7504:
7500:
7494:
7492:
7487:
7485:
7481:
7480:
7479:Annex Foxtrot
7475:
7464:
7461:
7453:
7443:
7439:
7433:
7431:
7424:
7415:
7414:
7410:
7400:
7398:
7394:
7389:
7385:
7381:
7379:
7375:
7365:
7357:
7348:
7345:
7340:
7337:
7328:
7323:
7317:
7307:
7305:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7289:
7283:
7273:
7271:
7267:
7263:
7259:
7254:
7251:
7247:
7243:
7237:
7235:
7231:
7227:
7223:
7219:
7215:
7214:Qurna Marshes
7209:
7199:
7195:
7193:
7189:
7183:
7179:
7169:
7167:
7163:
7159:
7155:
7151:
7147:
7143:
7137:
7135:
7131:
7124:
7114:
7112:
7108:
7104:
7103:Rhonda Cornum
7099:
7095:
7091:
7080:
7078:
7072:
7067:
7065:
7059:
7054:
7052:
7042:
7040:
7035:
7033:
7029:
7024:
7021:
7017:
7011:
7001:
6998:
6994:
6985:
6984:
6978:
6975:
6970:
6962:
6957:
6947:
6944:
6940:
6936:
6933:
6930:
6925:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6898:
6894:
6892:
6887:
6884:
6880:
6876:
6872:
6868:
6859:
6854:
6844:
6842:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6818:
6814:
6809:
6805:
6801:
6796:
6794:
6793:Riegle Report
6788:
6786:
6780:
6769:
6759:
6757:
6749:Friendly fire
6746:
6742:
6739:
6735:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6720:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6702:
6697:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6629:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6555:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6530:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6505:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6457:
6454:
6442:
6439:
6436:
6433:
6430:
6427:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6381:
6378:
6375:
6373:United States
6363:
6359:
6354:
6351:
6346:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6328:
6326:
6322:
6319:According to
6317:
6314:
6305:
6303:
6299:
6295:
6290:
6288:
6283:
6279:
6274:
6268:
6265:
6260:
6258:
6253:
6249:
6247:
6246:human shields
6243:
6239:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6207:
6203:
6189:
6187:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6172:
6166:
6162:
6160:
6155:
6153:
6147:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6119:
6114:
6104:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6068:
6058:
6056:
6052:
6043:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6019:
6017:
6013:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5995:
5993:
5992:
5986:
5982:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5961:
5957:
5951:
5941:
5939:
5934:
5932:
5927:
5923:
5921:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5899:
5898:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5861:
5857:
5852:
5848:
5847:hospital ship
5844:
5838:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5819:
5811:
5806:
5796:
5794:
5789:
5786:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5752:
5750:
5749:Mahmoud Abbas
5746:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5682:
5677:
5667:
5665:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5600:
5591:
5587:
5584:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5568:
5563:
5555:
5550:
5541:
5539:
5536:policy, they
5535:
5524:
5520:
5513:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5493:
5483:
5479:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5444:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5421:(203mm), and
5420:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5394:
5390:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5372:and took 300
5371:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5315:M109 howitzer
5312:
5309:tank and the
5308:
5299:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5249:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5197:
5188:
5184:
5182:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5155:
5153:
5148:
5147:Wadi al-Batin
5139:
5134:
5130:
5128:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5106:
5102:
5095:
5089:
5081:
5076:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5009:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4988:
4987:friendly fire
4983:
4981:
4977:
4968:
4958:
4955:
4947:
4944:December 2018
4936:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4905: –
4904:
4900:
4899:Find sources:
4893:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4877:This section
4875:
4871:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4836:
4834:
4829:
4827:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4790:
4779:
4770:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4731:
4727:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4707:
4697:
4695:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4676:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4651:Early battles
4648:
4646:
4641:
4639:
4638:Salvador Dalí
4635:
4630:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4600:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4560:
4556:
4553:(left), Gen.
4552:
4547:
4542:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4486:considerable
4478:
4474:
4472:
4467:
4464:
4459:
4457:
4454:. A group of
4453:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4431:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4416:
4414:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4392:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4368:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4349:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4272:
4268:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4222:
4216:
4211:
4204:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4179:Yasser Arafat
4176:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4156:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4140:
4136:
4128:
4124:
4120:
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4109:
4105:
4101:
4098:On 6 August,
4096:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4077:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4036:Ronald Reagan
4021:
4017:
4012:
4002:
4000:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3970:
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3954:
3950:
3946:
3945:Kuwait's Emir
3942:
3939:. The Iraqis
3938:
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3809:
3807:
3803:
3802:April Glaspie
3798:
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3792:
3787:
3785:
3784:Hosni Mubarak
3781:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3757:Map of Kuwait
3755:
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3745:
3741:
3740:
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3734:Farzad Bazoft
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3519:(Italian for
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3408:
3407:War of Kuwait
3403:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3367:Iran–Iraq War
3364:
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3333:
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3222:United States
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3171:Iran-Iraq War
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3128:United States
3125:
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3098:
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2944:Environmental
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2199:
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2147:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2120:Iran–Iraq War
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2097:
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2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1984:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1919:Organisations
1915:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1898:
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1765:
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1750:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1741:
1740:Wadi al-Batin
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:Dasman Palace
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1690:
1682:
1677:
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1598:
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1571:
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1553:
1552:
1549:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1506:
1503:75 killed in
1501:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1466:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1419:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1376:700+ aircraft
1371:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1316:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1301:Iyad Futayyih
1292:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1199:Hosni Mubarak
1190:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1127:Prince Sultan
1118:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1010:
1008:
998:
996:
986:
984:
974:
972:
962:
960:
950:
948:
938:
936:
926:
924:
914:
912:
902:
901:
899:
898:
893:
889:
877:
871:
859:
857:
846:
844:
833:
831:
820:
818:
807:
805:
794:
792:
781:
779:
768:
766:
755:
753:
742:
740:
729:
727:
716:
714:
703:
701:
690:
688:
677:
675:
664:
662:
651:
649:
638:
636:
625:
623:
612:
610:
599:
597:
586:
584:
573:
571:
560:
558:
547:
545:
534:
532:
521:
519:
508:
506:
495:
493:
483:
481:
470:
468:
457:
455:
444:
441:
429:
427:
416:
414:
403:
401:
391:
390:
376:
365:
363:
352:
350:
339:
337:
326:
323:
311:
309:
308:United States
298:
297:
295:
294:
289:
280:
276:
272:
268:
265:
262:
261:
260:
255:
254:
250:
247:
244:
243:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
205:
199:
194:
190:
185:
180:
176:
175:2 August 1990
173:
170:
169:
165:
159:
155:
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
116:
113:
104:
95:
84:
75:
64:
54:
49:
44:
40:
33:
19:
27048:1991 in Iraq
27043:1990 in Iraq
26937:
26880:GCC Club Cup
26792:
26745:Gulf Railway
26685:Saudi Arabia
26576:Brinkmanship
26468:intelligence
26357:Marius Oprea
26307:Harvey Klehr
26237:Herbert Feis
26227:Willem Drees
26192:Archie Brown
26109:
26097:
26079:
26069:Trybuna Ludu
26067:
26060:
26056:Radio Moscow
26048:
26041:
26034:
25862:Anti-Zionism
25778:
25701:Keynesianism
25689:Conservatism
25553:Transnistria
25533:China-Taiwan
25467:
25190:Gera Demands
25063:
24864:
24739:
24544:El Porteñazo
24438:Congo Crisis
24353:
24288:Algerian War
24271:
24147:Western Bloc
24142:Eastern Bloc
24137:Iron Curtain
23993:
23985:
23977:
23954:
23934:
23926:
23843:Soviet Union
23841:
23834:
23695:Midway Atoll
23690:Kingman Reef
23670:Baker Island
23649:Puerto Rico
23561:South Dakota
23551:Rhode Island
23546:Pennsylvania
23526:North Dakota
23242:
23235:
23216:
23177:
23170:
23156:
23102:
23058:
23051:
22994:
22980:
22973:
22966:
22927:
22901:Marine Corps
22888:
22881:
22874:
22838:Debt ceiling
22823:Civil Rights
22805:
22798:
22784:
22770:
22756:
22727:
22722:Antisemitism
22720:
22713:
22669:
22630:
22566:2008–present
22518:Bush v. Gore
22516:
22476:
22454:War on drugs
22328:Mid Cold War
22180:Pearl Harbor
22175:World War II
21995:Ku Klux Klan
21592:Dummer's War
21531:
21524:
21518:Pre-Colonial
21270:Christianity
21152:Demographics
21086:Oil reserves
21081:Oil Industry
21048:Central Bank
20944:Human rights
20870:Constitution
20815:Tigris river
20795:Persian Gulf
20632:
20503:Ottoman Iraq
20488:Qara Qoyunlu
20322:Ubaid period
20231:
20218:
20211:
20204:
20197:
20074:
20067:
20060:
20053:
19975:
19964:U.S. support
19889:
19880:
19541:
19481:Chicken Kiev
19288:Inauguration
19220:
19050:
19011:World War II
18805:Hamburg riot
18674:
18661:
18654:
18647:
18621:
18620:
18608:
18601:
18582:
18574:
18573:
18564:
18557:
18512:
18495:
18488:
18456:
18429:
18428:
18378:
18361:
18291:
18231:
18199:
18175:
18069:
18055:
18013:World War II
18011:
17847:
17791:
17687:
17639:
17568:Air campaign
17528:Medina Ridge
17370:Participants
17344:
17171:
17162:
17159:(by Felix G)
17156:
17150:
17140:
17127:
17118:
17105:
17099:
17080:
17063:
17050:
17025:
17019:The Punisher
17017:
17004:
16995:
16987:
16979:
16971:
16963:
16955:
16947:
16939:
16931:
16923:
16907:
16884:. Retrieved
16880:the original
16864:. Retrieved
16858:
16842:. Retrieved
16838:
16812:
16798:
16786:. Retrieved
16782:the original
16777:
16761:. Retrieved
16741:. ABC-Clio.
16736:
16714:
16691:
16671:
16646:
16634:
16614:
16593:
16581:. Retrieved
16557:
16545:. Retrieved
16541:the original
16517:
16505:. Retrieved
16481:
16465:. Retrieved
16453:the original
16436:. Retrieved
16432:
16409:
16406:Latimer, Jon
16389:. Retrieved
16364:
16342:
16321:
16308:. Retrieved
16304:the original
16279:
16251:
16243:the original
16220:
16209:. Retrieved
16205:the original
16198:
16184:. Retrieved
16169:
16147:
16129:. Retrieved
16125:
16100:. Retrieved
16094:
16078:. Retrieved
16074:the original
16069:
16057:Bibliography
16021:
15999:
15977:
15963:
15953:. Retrieved
15911:
15886:
15862:
15850:. Retrieved
15839:The Guardian
15838:
15828:
15816:. Retrieved
15806:
15794:. Retrieved
15787:the original
15751:. Retrieved
15746:
15737:
15717:
15710:
15698:. Retrieved
15694:the original
15690:"Dumb Bombs"
15684:
15672:. Retrieved
15653:
15641:. Retrieved
15632:
15620:. Retrieved
15611:
15599:. Retrieved
15595:the original
15585:
15566:
15554:. Retrieved
15544:
15531:. Retrieved
15527:the original
15517:
15505:. Retrieved
15501:The Guardian
15500:
15490:
15478:. Retrieved
15467:
15455:. Retrieved
15451:
15441:
15429:. Retrieved
15425:the original
15414:
15395:
15368:
15361:
15349:. Retrieved
15345:the original
15340:
15320:
15307:. Retrieved
15301:
15291:
15279:. Retrieved
15275:the original
15253:
15247:
15235:. Retrieved
15231:the original
15220:
15199:
15191:
15179:. Retrieved
15175:the original
15166:
15157:
15146:Persian Gulf
15145:
15142:Arabian Gulf
15141:
15136:
15124:. Retrieved
15120:the original
15115:
15090:. Retrieved
15086:the original
15026:
15022:
15012:
15004:the original
14999:
14993:
14980:
14968:. Retrieved
14961:the original
14956:Significance
14954:
14941:
14929:. Retrieved
14925:the original
14920:
14911:
14899:. Retrieved
14895:the original
14891:The Guardian
14890:
14880:
14872:Holy War Inc
14871:
14865:
14845:
14833:. Retrieved
14828:
14808:the original
14801:
14792:
14784:
14780:
14776:
14764:. Retrieved
14754:
14742:. Retrieved
14738:the original
14728:
14720:
14715:
14703:. Retrieved
14693:
14681:. Retrieved
14674:the original
14669:
14663:
14647:
14639:
14634:
14625:
14617:
14601:
14593:the original
14588:
14579:
14568:
14559:
14537:(3): 37–51.
14534:
14530:
14524:
14512:. Retrieved
14508:the original
14483:
14477:
14465:. Retrieved
14461:
14452:
14443:
14426:
14391:
14383:the original
14372:
14360:. Retrieved
14356:the original
14346:
14337:
14327:
14315:. Retrieved
14298:
14253:
14249:
14239:
14228:
14219:
14207:. Retrieved
14198:
14186:. Retrieved
14182:the original
14177:
14167:
14159:
14144:
14137:Boston Globe
14136:
14121:
14112:
14105:. Retrieved
14051:
14045:
14035:
14018:
14012:
14000:. Retrieved
13990:
13978:
13966:. Retrieved
13962:
13953:
13945:the original
13939:
13933:
13921:
13912:
13902:
13890:
13878:. Retrieved
13873:
13863:
13851:. Retrieved
13847:
13838:
13826:. Retrieved
13817:
13808:
13796:. Retrieved
13786:
13774:. Retrieved
13769:
13760:
13752:
13747:
13735:. Retrieved
13725:
13706:
13698:
13665:. Retrieved
13655:
13643:. Retrieved
13639:the original
13629:
13617:. Retrieved
13607:
13599:the original
13594:
13548:
13538:
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12659:Fisk, Robert
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12581:. Leyden.com
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7849:
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7302:had shelled
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6992:
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6932:tolerable."
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5209:1st Gulf War
5205:1st Gulf War
5185:
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5114:B-52 bombers
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4898:
4886:Please help
4881:verification
4878:
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4758:nerve agents
4750:
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4642:
4636:painting by
4634:surrealistic
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3760:
3739:The Observer
3737:
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3685:protectorate
3670:
3666:Saudi Arabia
3664:was owed to
3635:
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3583:Soviet Union
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3471:(early name
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3381:تحرير الكويت
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3218:World War II
3214:Saudi Arabia
3191:
3157:neighboring
3148:
3135:
3131:
3115:
3113:
2958:Appointments
2908:
2879:Inauguration
2731:Bibliography
2158: /
2144:
2130:UN sanctions
2124:
2098:
2000:Michel Aflaq
1948:Ba'ath Party
1865:
1864:
1840:Medina Ridge
1811:
1810:
1774:Air campaign
1772:
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1223:Salah Halabi
1163:Prince Nayef
959:Chuck Horner
935:Colin Powell
778:Sierra Leone
349:Saudi Arabia
291:Belligerents
230:Persian Gulf
225:Saudi Arabia
197:
183:
136:a U.S. Army
130:flying over
111:
43:
26402:Shen Zhihua
26212:Michael Cox
26144:competition
26091:Pro-Western
26081:Soviet Life
26007:Safari Club
25977:Warsaw Pact
25832:Nationalism
25822:Imperialism
25721:Reaganomics
25584:Containment
25377:Perestroika
24866:Realpolitik
24696:Six-Day War
24681:Greek junta
24492:Berlin Wall
24340:Suez Crisis
24308:Vietnam War
24195:McCarthyism
24010:Baruch Plan
23955:Unthinkable
23915:Dekemvriana
23854:Warsaw Pact
23710:Wake Island
23476:Mississippi
23391:Connecticut
23335:New England
23002:Agriculture
22921:Coast Guard
22916:Space Force
22764:Immigration
22492:WTC bombing
22410:Reaganomics
22338:Vietnam War
22254:McCarthyism
22136:Second Klan
22121:Prohibition
22099:World War I
22074:Square Deal
22064:Imperialism
21799:War of 1812
21526:Prehistoric
21426:WikiProject
21227:Marsh Arabs
21212:Circassians
20893:Foreign aid
20785:Mesopotamia
20347:Uruk period
20166:Daughters:
20082:Blood Quran
19265:(1989–1993)
19215:‹ The
19066:Bosnian War
19026:Vietnam War
19001:World War I
18991:Banana Wars
18921:War of 1812
18677:World War I
18135:Suez Crisis
18082:Suez Crisis
17811:Arab Revolt
17793:World War I
17508:Al Busayyah
17151:Summer 1990
16989:Three Kings
16853:Frontline.
15955:26 December
15878:Works cited
15507:4 September
15309:30 November
15181:26 November
14970:21 December
14931:29 November
14835:29 November
14514:2 September
14209:4 September
14188:15 February
14002:25 February
13475:www.hrw.org
13154:27 December
13132:27 December
12705:. Hrw.org.
12504:26 February
12235:Dunstan P.8
12003:20 November
11870:20 November
11356:www.gao.gov
11050:: 293–296.
10502:. CNN. 2001
10484:18 December
10422:15 December
10015:BBC News. "
9196:cbsnews.com
8926:Cooper, Tom
8693:. pp.
8631:21 November
8610:21 November
8186:www.pbs.org
7863:18 December
7686:. The 2016
7619:Soviet Army
7549:battleships
7491:Bob Simpson
7484:Ken Jarecke
7474:Vietnam War
7270:Marsh Arabs
7098:John Peters
7094:John Nichol
7032:citizenship
6886:heavy metal
6883:teratogenic
6841:confounding
6791:called the
6703:'s remains.
6206:Iraqi Kurds
6081:Tornado IDS
5734:coup d'état
5653:Al Busayyah
5574:5th Cavalry
5508:M1A1 Abrams
5453:tanks, 284
5397:operations.
5307:M1A1 Abrams
4589:US Congress
4492:Dick Cheney
4422:. Although
4396:Hafez Assad
4188:James Baker
4048:Oval Office
4014: [
3870:Kuwait City
3772:Arab League
3587:Palestinian
3185:, and the "
3126:led by the
2596:Pan-Arabism
2558:2002–
2545:1970–
2532:1966–
2025:Salah Jadid
1972:1966–
1928:Arab Ba'ath
1830:Al Busayyah
1374:5,500 tanks
1365:3,113 tanks
1175:Prince Badr
923:Dick Cheney
804:South Korea
700:Philippines
635:New Zealand
622:Netherlands
256:Territorial
27022:Categories
26890:2011 Games
26170:Historians
26161:Space Race
26062:Rudé právo
26016:Propaganda
25872:Neo-Nazism
25842:Chauvinism
25796:Trotskyism
25711:Monetarism
25679:Liberalism
25671:Capitalism
25663:Ideologies
25614:Ostpolitik
25337:Solidarity
25302:Toyota War
25205:Solidarity
25062:Operation
25017:Ogaden War
24706:Dhofar War
24594:Shifta War
24352:Operation
24200:Korean War
23992:Operation
23984:Operation
23976:Operation
23953:Operation
23933:Operation
23925:Operation
23591:Washington
23511:New Mexico
23506:New Jersey
23381:California
22876:Journalism
22828:Corruption
22807:Government
22758:Demography
22745:Newspapers
22594:Sandy Hook
22497:Waco siege
22405:Reagan era
22311:Space Race
22244:Korean War
22185:home front
22017:Gilded Age
21985:Amendments
21343:Television
21323:Literature
21285:Irreligion
21260:Secularism
21197:Minorities
21065:(currency)
21058:Corruption
20903:Government
20694:Insurgency
20493:Aq Qoyunlu
20314:Chronology
20213:South Park
20091:Propaganda
19281:Transition
19204:War crimes
19071:Kosovo War
19016:Korean War
18996:Border War
18855:Bonus Army
18850:Tulsa riot
18840:Red Summer
18760:Mormon War
17686:Operation
17638:Operation
17533:2nd Kuwait
17518:73 Easting
17513:67 Easting
17391:Background
17122:dime novel
17068:Andy McNab
16866:4 December
16844:4 December
16763:4 December
16583:4 December
16547:4 December
16467:4 December
16438:4 December
16391:4 December
16369:. Putnam.
16310:4 December
16283:. Osprey.
16211:4 December
16186:4 December
16102:4 December
16080:4 December
16040:2010525413
15895:2001028533
15818:1 February
15796:4 December
15674:14 October
15643:17 January
15622:17 January
15601:17 January
15457:14 October
15281:1 February
15126:1 February
14766:1 February
14744:1 February
14705:1 February
14589:Al Monitor
14467:4 December
13876:(in Czech)
13798:1 February
13737:1 February
13667:1 February
13269:1 February
13110:1 February
13018:14 January
12997:14 January
12826:1 February
12453:0671791656
11361:25 January
11212:11 January
11179:11 January
10864:30 January
10723:Q123698876
10681:1 February
10628:13 January
10597:1 February
10506:18 October
10109:17 October
10105:. New York
10080:24 October
10050:17 October
10046:. New York
9978:17 October
9658:17 January
9645:wpainc.com
9420:1 February
9383:. p.
8944:27 October
8849:. p.
8823:12 October
8782:. p.
8657:. p.
8560:2022040999
8289:4 February
7935:. p.
7825:References
7523:Technology
7344:Land mines
7320:See also:
6875:pyrophoric
6825:hydrolysis
6715:listed as
6192:Casualties
6152:Broadsword
6139:Royal Navy
6093:50º Stormo
6012:Korean War
5989:HMCS
5980:Protecteur
5978:HMCS
5973:Athabaskan
5971:HMCS
5966:Terra Nova
5964:HMCS
5895:USNS
5567:Chris Ryan
5496:See also:
5435:AH-1 Cobra
5215:See also:
5164:small arms
5092:See also:
5012:See also:
4914:newspapers
4903:"Gulf War"
4539:See also:
4471:Luxembourg
4413:World Bank
4230:oil fields
4192:Tariq Aziz
3987:Bell 214ST
3851:Iraqi Army
3563:See also:
3559:Background
3306:Kuwait War
3284:, and the
3165:in Iraq's
3052:convention
3018:convention
2996:convention
2874:Transition
2862:Presidency
2840:convention
2818:convention
2761:Transition
2364:Mauritania
2063:Literature
1825:73 Easting
1796:Ras Tanura
1421:420 killed
1396:Coalition:
1265:Tariq Aziz
1031:John Major
596:Luxembourg
454:Bangladesh
277:along the
189:17 January
26885:GCC Games
26457:Ken Young
26302:Tony Judt
26151:Arms race
26124:Red Scare
25992:NN States
25937:Apartheid
25892:Autocracy
25801:Stalinism
25769:Guevarism
25759:Castroism
25749:Communism
25741:Socialism
25267:Star Wars
24860:Koza riot
23986:Beleaguer
23978:Masterdom
23601:Wisconsin
23566:Tennessee
23471:Minnesota
23446:Louisiana
23340:The South
22911:Air Force
22786:Education
22648:recession
22604:Las Vegas
22512:Columbine
22469:1991–2008
22397:1980–1991
22298:1964–1980
22209:1945–1964
22163:Dust Bowl
22091:1917–1945
21972:1865–1917
21950:Civil War
21943:Secession
21888:1849–1865
21811:1815–1849
21782:Quasi-War
21759:1789–1815
21679:1776–1789
21632:Sugar Act
21363:Squatting
21328:Education
21275:Mandaeism
21244:/Turkoman
21222:Mandaeans
21207:Assyrians
21202:Armenians
21165:Languages
21053:Companies
21008:Judiciary
20918:President
20888:Elections
20883:Democracy
20729:Geography
20645:Sanctions
20563:2003–2011
20558:1968–2003
20553:1958–1968
20412:Babylonia
20025:reactions
20020:Execution
19942:Biography
19662:FIRRE Act
18911:Quasi-War
18800:Range War
17703:Memorials
17631:Aftermath
17467:Coalition
17377:Australia
17203:from the
17194:from the
17032:Bollywood
17014:retconned
16981:Towelhead
16886:18 August
16820:cite book
16048:495780787
15847:0261-3077
15043:2059-7908
14762:. Pbs.org
14701:. Pbs.org
14462:Frontline
14256:(1): 17.
14090:248694742
14058:: 57001.
14027:211397084
13439:2059-7908
13300:0362-4331
12852:Bucharest
12780:7 January
12736:14 August
12499:0362-4331
12172:5 January
11417:The State
11391:0190-8286
11304:0190-8286
11140:1903/4282
11065:1903/4282
10715:0043-0633
9883:0082-8238
9838:0082-8238
9737:0082-8238
9564:157844796
8747:0899-2851
8568:cite book
7688:Bollywood
7622:divisions
7442:talk page
7300:Wisconsin
7292:oil spill
7288:crude oil
7276:Oil spill
7172:Sanctions
6969:bulldozer
6879:genotoxic
6829:inversely
6762:Aftermath
6713:one pilot
6352:Accident
6331:Coalition
6325:Les Aspin
6287:civil war
6257:uprisings
6218:warplanes
6171:Ark Royal
6159:Sheffield
6101:Abu Dhabi
5875:Argentina
5831:Australia
5723:Nasiriyah
5423:M270 MLRS
5176:artillery
5136:An Iraqi
5129:forward.
5039:VII Corps
4826:Ramat Gan
4766:gas masks
4310:Wisconsin
4265:King Fahd
4190:met with
4106:on Iraq.
4068:, in the
3933:commandos
3926:scrambled
3646:Abu Nidal
3644:expelled
3631:terrorism
3420:Golfkrieg
3412:‹See Tfd›
3047:primaries
3013:primaries
2991:primaries
2813:selection
2601:Saddamism
2591:Nasserism
2481:pro-Syria
2460:pro-Syria
2439:pro-Syria
2418:pro-Syria
2397:pro-Syria
2385:Palestine
2376:pro-Syria
2339:pro-Syria
2302:pro-Syria
2281:pro-Syria
2260:pro-Syria
2239:pro-Syria
2218:pro-Syria
1901:Ba'athism
1752:Ad-Dawrah
1103:King Fahd
791:Singapore
426:Australia
413:Argentina
384:Coalition
249:Coalition
138:M1 Abrams
126:, and an
27028:Gulf War
26793:Gulf War
26609:Timeline
26599:Category
26544:See also
26036:Izvestia
25877:Islamism
25774:Hoxhaism
25649:Rollback
25528:Abkhazia
25468:Gulf War
25372:Glasnost
24742:incident
24512:Sand War
24370:Ifni War
23879:Rio Pact
23824:Cold War
23772:Category
23586:Virginia
23536:Oklahoma
23516:New York
23491:Nebraska
23481:Missouri
23466:Michigan
23456:Maryland
23441:Kentucky
23421:Illinois
23396:Delaware
23386:Colorado
23376:Arkansas
23255:Lesbians
23229:Comanche
23224:Cherokee
23017:Medicine
22975:Genocide
22968:Religion
22890:Military
22863:Taxation
22813:Abortion
22729:Cultural
22609:Parkland
22539:Iraq War
22477:Gulf War
22249:Ivy Mike
22168:New Deal
21544:Colonial
21489:Timeline
21406:Category
21255:Religion
21232:Persians
21116:Railways
21111:Airlines
20993:Military
20854:Politics
20830:Wildlife
20820:Umm Qasr
20650:Iraq War
20633:Gulf War
20545:Republic
20498:Safavids
20461:638–1958
19998:timeline
19976:Gulf War
19542:Gulf War
19519:Helsinki
19444:Speeches
19295:Timeline
19272:Timeline
19217:template
19194:Cold War
19111:Cameroon
19081:Iraq War
19051:Gulf War
18775:Utah War
18733:Domestic
18490:Iraq War
17345:Gulf War
17282:Archived
17246:Archived
17218:Archived
17012:Used in
16712:(1992).
16669:(1991).
16644:(1998).
16507:21 March
16479:(1993).
16408:(2001).
16270:62859116
16228:Archived
15946:Archived
15942:28169776
15903:51313637
15700:18 March
15668:Archived
15666:(FAIR).
15574:Archived
15533:26 March
15503:. London
15452:BBC News
15403:Archived
15323:series.
15152:article.
15092:1 August
15061:29225933
14854:Archived
14829:BBC News
14610:Archived
14419:Archived
14290:16124873
14153:Archived
14130:Archived
14082:35543525
14023:ProQuest
13968:25 March
13963:ABC News
13880:19 April
13853:19 April
13714:Archived
13691:Archived
13502:Archived
13457:29225933
13304:Archived
13230:Archived
13208:Archived
12962:25 March
12956:NBC News
12915:Archived
12799:Archived
12756:BBC News
12707:Archived
12684:25 March
12585:18 March
12530:25 March
11440:Archived
11422:25 March
11396:25 March
11335:18 March
11309:25 March
11168:The Tech
10930:18 March
10885:(1994).
10842:23 March
10792:Archived
10719:Wikidata
10570:18 March
10531:4 August
10475:Archived
10363:Archived
10336:Archived
10238:29 March
10194:Archived
10020:Archived
9858:13 April
9451:17 April
9348:14 April
9217:Archived
9157:Archived
9134:Archived
8938:Archived
8912:Archived
8841:(1991).
8774:(1991).
8685:(1991).
8649:(1991).
8507:Archived
8489:18 March
8456:Archived
8432:20 March
8404:Archived
8262:22 April
8256:Archived
8233:22 April
8227:Archived
8138:Archived
8118:Archived
7907:Archived
7886:Archived
7854:Archived
7800:invaded
7700:See also
7682:'s 2003
7540:Missouri
7436:You may
7296:Missouri
7226:wetlands
7158:Muhammad
6891:leukemia
6871:ordnance
6837:genotype
6355:Friendly
6341:Country
6225:forces'
6197:Civilian
6143:airbases
5860:Brisbane
5849:, and a
5707:Diwaniya
5627:and the
5348:and the
5274:and the
4760:such as
4754:atropine
4433:General
4343:Syracuse
4303:Missouri
4253:Islamist
3937:airbases
3919:Al Jahra
3794:Al Sabah
3721:Umm Qasr
3579:Cold War
3424:Gulf War
3343:Gulf War
3318:Iraq War
3314:Iraq War
3116:Gulf War
3042:election
3008:election
2938:Policies
2909:Gulf War
2867:timeline
2835:election
2808:election
2705:Personal
2476:pro-Iraq
2455:pro-Iraq
2434:pro-Iraq
2413:pro-Iraq
2392:pro-Iraq
2371:pro-Iraq
2355:pro-Iraq
2334:pro-Iraq
2318:pro-Iraq
2297:pro-Iraq
2276:pro-Iraq
2255:pro-Iraq
2234:pro-Iraq
2213:pro-Iraq
2135:Iraq War
2125:Gulf War
1893:a series
1891:Part of
1806:Amiriyah
1689:Gulf War
1358:Strength
726:Portugal
687:Pakistan
544:Honduras
207:Location
51:Gulf War
26962:Portals
26708:Economy
26665:Bahrain
26099:Amerika
25982:Comecon
25867:Fascism
25857:Zionism
25806:Titoism
25347:Contras
24815:Détente
24092:Comecon
23606:Wyoming
23581:Vermont
23486:Montana
23426:Indiana
23406:Georgia
23401:Florida
23371:Arizona
23361:Alabama
23328:Regions
23250:Gay men
23022:Railway
22982:Slavery
22778:Banking
22772:Economy
22614:El Paso
22599:Orlando
22333:Détente
21494:Outline
21436:Commons
21353:Smoking
21318:Culture
21313:Cuisine
21296:General
21280:Yazidis
21237:Solluba
21190:Persian
21180:Kurdish
21175:Aramaic
21140:Society
21121:Tourism
21032:Economy
20780:Islands
20755:Borders
20580: (
20570:present
20505:(incl.
20417:Assyria
20362:Subartu
20302:History
20140:Wives:
20005:Capture
19374:Cabinet
19323:1992–93
19219:below (
19132:Related
18894:Foreign
17882:Revolts
17601:Samurra
17553:Rumaila
17548:Norfolk
17543:Jalibah
17491:Battles
17294:by the
17224:by the
17128:Jarhead
17027:Airlift
16788:30 June
15852:13 June
15753:13 June
15431:20 July
15351:29 June
15237:27 July
15052:5717930
14901:30 June
14860:, Slate
14573:. 2013.
14551:2538306
14444:Newsday
14317:16 July
14281:1242351
14258:Bibcode
14073:9093163
13828:13 July
13822:Taranto
13776:13 July
13770:El País
13448:5717930
13400:1513350
12732:. UNHCR
11149:4343235
11074:4343235
11010:1 March
10448:5 April
10297:YouTube
10258:AP NEWS
10072:Newsday
10043:Newsday
9709:7 March
9696:S/21425
9598:5 March
9523:5 March
9323:7 March
9310:S/21423
9271:30 June
9017:pg. 464
8755:3012998
8361:5 March
8335:22 June
8310:Reuters
8191:24 July
7794:dispute
7693:Airlift
7675:Jarhead
7246:Hawizeh
7220:in the
7218:marshes
7188:embargo
7113:pilot.
7090:Tornado
6983:Newsday
6833:isozyme
6400:Senegal
6349:action
6278:The BMJ
6214:missing
6099:, near
6038:Type 69
5897:Comfort
5727:Samawah
5715:Karbala
5612:Type 63
5035:US Army
4928:scholar
4840:Dhahran
4687:sorties
4521:Kurdish
4445:, 1990.
4408:Lebanon
4280:US Navy
4236:Iran's
4102:placed
3911:Brigade
3224:, with
3155:invaded
3057:debates
3030:debates
2949:Foreign
2929:Pardons
2845:debates
2823:debates
2721:Eponyms
2560:present
2547:present
2534:present
2448:Tunisia
2327:Lebanon
2227:Bahrain
2206:Algeria
2093:History
1974:present
1872:Rumaila
1855:Norfolk
1850:Jalibah
1801:Samurra
1767:Bubiyan
1762:Maradim
1716:Failaka
1418:Kuwait:
765:Senegal
752:Romania
609:Morocco
557:Hungary
518:Germany
505:Denmark
467:Belgium
440:Bahrain
258:changes
251:victory
26988:Kuwait
26670:Kuwait
26050:Pravda
25852:Racism
25791:Maoism
25543:Kosovo
25064:Condor
24740:Pueblo
24726:May 68
24354:Gladio
24272:Tuapse
23935:Jungle
23927:Priboi
23782:Portal
23736:Cities
23719:Cities
23541:Oregon
23496:Nevada
23436:Kansas
23411:Hawaii
23366:Alaska
23354:States
23280:Places
23042:Groups
23012:Lumber
22950:Fourth
22940:Second
22750:Sports
22735:Cinema
22704:Topics
22619:Uvalde
22589:Aurora
22584:Tucson
21508:Events
21416:Portal
21358:Sports
21333:Health
21308:Cinema
21160:Iraqis
21063:Dinar
20998:Police
20800:Places
20290:topics
20174:, and
20172:Raghad
20156:Sons:
20136:Barzan
20134:, and
20132:Sabawi
20128:Watban
20113:Family
19454:(1989)
19388:Thomas
17710:London
17681:Awards
17558:Safwan
17498:Khafji
17141:Savant
17134:
17112:
17093:
17074:
17057:
17044:Novels
17022:(2004)
17000:(2004)
16992:(1999)
16984:(2007)
16976:(2002)
16960:(1991)
16952:(1991)
16944:(1996)
16936:(1999)
16928:(2008)
16805:
16745:
16722:
16698:
16679:
16654:
16627:
16600:
16564:
16524:
16489:
16416:
16373:
16350:
16329:
16287:
16268:
16258:
16225:online
16177:
16156:
16131:25 May
16046:
16038:
16028:
16006:
15988:
15940:
15918:
15901:
15893:
15845:
15725:
15556:13 May
15480:23 May
15383:
15208:
15059:
15049:
15041:
14921:UNICEF
14683:24 May
14549:
14362:24 May
14288:
14278:
14107:11 May
14088:
14080:
14070:
14025:
13645:13 May
13619:5 July
13526:
13455:
13445:
13437:
13398:
13298:
13049:
12892:
12858:
12639:
12497:
12451:
11389:
11302:
11261:2 June
11147:
11118:Nature
11093:5 July
11072:
11039:Nature
10957:21 May
10893:
10816:2 July
10721:
10713:
10291:20 May
10263:20 May
10003:
9881:
9836:
9760:13 May
9735:
9562:
9391:
8857:
8790:
8753:
8745:
8705:
8665:
8558:
8548:
8462:6 June
8413:Medact
8219:
8100:5 July
8065:5 July
7943:
7802:Kuwait
7690:movie
7666:, and
7511:group
7264:, the
7260:, the
7144:, the
7039:Yemeni
6881:, and
6817:enzyme
6808:causal
6804:et al.
6675:
6650:
6627:Kuwait
6625:
6600:
6576:
6551:
6526:
6503:France
6501:
6476:
6450:
6423:
6398:
6371:
6344:Total
6298:Riyadh
6282:Medact
6156:, and
6073:Kuwait
6022:France
5944:Canada
5856:Midway
5785:Sheikh
5703:Amarah
5635:. The
5606:tank,
5331:OH-58D
5278:. The
5270:, the
5239:, and
5172:mortar
5166:fire,
5160:bunker
5070:Breach
5033:was a
4991:AC-130
4976:Khafji
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4901:
4645:Hitler
4557:, and
4404:Beirut
4371:1991.)
4354:Midway
4249:Medina
3804:, the
3780:Jeddah
3748:vetoed
3702:Jordan
3571:, and
3521:Locust
3426:) and
3416:German
3393:French
3377:Arabic
3280:, the
3276:: the
3232:, and
3228:, the
3159:Kuwait
3122:and a
2969:Thomas
2893:Tenure
2726:Honors
2711:Family
2311:Kuwait
2290:Jordan
1988:People
1877:Safwan
1735:Khafji
1505:Israel
1495:Medact
1444:Iraqi:
1438:Total:
1391:13,488
1389:Total:
885:
867:
856:Turkey
853:
840:
830:Sweden
827:
814:
801:
788:
775:
762:
749:
736:
723:
713:Poland
710:
697:
684:
671:
661:Norway
658:
645:
632:
619:
606:
593:
580:
567:
554:
541:
531:Greece
528:
515:
502:
480:Canada
477:
464:
451:
437:
423:
410:
375:Kuwait
372:
359:
346:
336:France
333:
319:
305:
245:Result
235:Israel
220:Kuwait
120:F-15Es
27012:1990s
26858:Sport
26680:Qatar
26535:Stasi
26002:SAARC
25997:ASEAN
25962:SEATO
25815:Other
25780:Juche
25538:Korea
25451:1990s
25164:1980s
24808:1970s
24431:1960s
24183:1950s
23893:1940s
23874:NEATO
23869:SEATO
23859:ANZUS
23571:Texas
23451:Maine
23416:Idaho
23244:LGBTQ
23237:Women
23007:Labor
22960:Sixth
22955:Fifth
22945:Third
22935:First
22740:Music
22482:NAFTA
21348:Music
21338:Media
21265:Islam
21217:Kurds
21043:Banks
20981:Women
20775:Lakes
20568:2011–
20528:Kings
20357:Sumer
20191:Media
20162:Qusay
20046:Books
20015:Trial
19512:Malta
19116:Libya
19106:Syria
18636:2020s
18541:2010s
18482:2000s
18422:1990s
18355:1980s
18265:1970s
18164:1960s
18108:1950s
18005:1940s
17949:1930s
17903:1920s
17780:1910s
17382:Women
16917:Films
15949:(PDF)
15934:(PDF)
15790:(PDF)
15779:(PDF)
15373:(PDF)
14964:(PDF)
14951:(PDF)
14677:(PDF)
14660:(PDF)
14547:JSTOR
14308:(PDF)
14086:S2CID
14054:(5).
13480:6 May
13184:2 May
12848:(PDF)
12074:(PDF)
11981:9 May
11145:S2CID
11113:(PDF)
11070:S2CID
11034:(PDF)
10871:mine.
10478:(PDF)
10467:(PDF)
9703:(PDF)
9692:(PDF)
9652:(PDF)
9641:(PDF)
9592:(PDF)
9581:(PDF)
9560:S2CID
9517:(PDF)
9506:(PDF)
9317:(PDF)
9306:(PDF)
8751:JSTOR
8527:(PDF)
8383:9 May
7857:(PDF)
7846:(PDF)
7759:Notes
7384:GDP.
7162:fatwa
7092:crew
6974:plows
6730:from
6652:Italy
6602:Spain
6578:Syria
6553:Qatar
6478:Egypt
6357:fire
6347:Enemy
6308:Iraqi
6061:Italy
5991:Huron
5922:(B-4)
5711:Hilla
5699:Najaf
5695:Basra
5608:BMP-1
5579:AH-64
5411:MILAN
5334:JAATT
4935:JSTOR
4921:books
4762:sarin
4612:Op-ed
4549:Gen.
4245:Mecca
4018:]
3917:near
3652:sent
3312:, or
3292:Names
3234:Egypt
2919:NAFTA
2746:Death
2469:Yemen
2427:Syria
2406:Sudan
2348:Libya
2248:Egypt
1757:Qurah
843:Syria
817:Spain
739:Qatar
648:Niger
583:Japan
570:Italy
362:Egypt
128:F-15C
124:F-16s
26976:Iraq
26675:Oman
26075:TASS
25967:METO
25957:NATO
25183:and
25181:1980
24738:USS
23864:METO
23849:NATO
23639:Guam
23576:Utah
23531:Ohio
23431:Iowa
22906:Navy
22896:Army
22800:Flag
21248:Jews
20971:LGBT
20935:List
20923:List
20288:Iraq
20176:Hala
20168:Rana
20160:and
20158:Uday
20144:and
19316:1991
19309:1990
19302:1989
19101:Iraq
17143:(by
17132:ISBN
17119:Hogs
17110:ISBN
17091:ISBN
17085:(by
17072:ISBN
17066:(by
17055:ISBN
16888:2021
16868:2005
16846:2005
16826:link
16803:ISBN
16790:2010
16765:2005
16743:ISBN
16720:ISBN
16696:ISBN
16677:ISBN
16652:ISBN
16625:ISBN
16598:ISBN
16585:2005
16562:ISBN
16549:2005
16522:ISBN
16509:2009
16487:ISBN
16469:2005
16440:2005
16414:ISBN
16393:2005
16371:ISBN
16348:ISBN
16327:ISBN
16312:2005
16285:ISBN
16266:OCLC
16256:ISBN
16213:2005
16188:2005
16175:ISBN
16154:ISBN
16133:2009
16104:2005
16082:2005
16044:OCLC
16036:LCCN
16026:ISBN
16004:ISBN
15986:ISBN
15957:2014
15938:OCLC
15916:ISBN
15899:OCLC
15891:LCCN
15854:2018
15843:ISSN
15820:2011
15798:2005
15755:2011
15723:ISBN
15702:2010
15676:2010
15645:2017
15624:2017
15603:2017
15558:2011
15535:2017
15509:2011
15482:2013
15459:2010
15433:2007
15381:ISBN
15353:2011
15311:2023
15283:2011
15239:2010
15206:ISBN
15183:2006
15128:2011
15094:2010
15057:PMID
15039:ISSN
14972:2012
14933:2009
14903:2010
14837:2009
14803:Time
14768:2011
14746:2011
14707:2011
14685:2017
14516:2013
14469:2005
14364:2014
14319:2012
14286:PMID
14211:2013
14190:2013
14109:2022
14094:cf.
14078:PMID
14004:2014
13970:2021
13882:2022
13855:2022
13830:2022
13800:2011
13778:2022
13739:2011
13669:2011
13647:2011
13621:2016
13524:ISBN
13482:2022
13453:PMID
13435:ISSN
13396:PMID
13296:ISSN
13271:2011
13186:2016
13156:2016
13134:2016
13112:2018
13047:ISBN
13020:2020
12999:2020
12964:2021
12923:2007
12890:ISBN
12856:ISBN
12828:2011
12782:2005
12738:2013
12715:2009
12686:2021
12637:ISBN
12587:2010
12532:2021
12506:2023
12495:ISSN
12449:ISBN
12174:2019
12005:2021
11983:2022
11872:2021
11424:2021
11398:2021
11387:ISSN
11363:2022
11337:2010
11311:2021
11300:ISSN
11263:2013
11214:2009
11181:2009
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