Project Plowshare - Knowledge

502: 44: 184: 2661: 530:, that drove the protests, court cases and general hostility that ended the oil and gas stimulation efforts. Furthermore, as the years went by without further development and production of nuclear weapons slowed, interest in peaceful applications waned in the 1950s–60s. Cheaper, non-nuclear stimulation techniques suitable for most US gas fields were developed in the following years. 2878:"semiannual report to Congress in January 1958". Other mentions of Strauss making statements in Feb 1958 or hearings being held are on p 447, and 474 it seems. p. 474's quotation: Senate Subcommittee of the Committee on Foreign Relations, Hearings on Control and Reduction of Armaments, Feb. 28 – April 17, 1958, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1958) pp. 1336–1364. 175:, announced that the Plowshares project was intended to "highlight the peaceful applications of nuclear explosive devices and thereby create a climate of world opinion that is more favorable to weapons development and tests". These tests were to demonstrate that atomic bombs can be used for peaceful purposes, that the atomic sword could be beaten into a plowshare. 327:. The explosion released 3.1 kilotons (13 TJ) of energy yield at a depth of 1,184 ft (361 m) which resulted in the formation of a 170 ft (52 m) diameter, 80 ft (24 m) high cavity. The test had many objectives, the most public of which involved the generation of 492:

Project Gnome vented radioactive steam over the very press gallery that was called to confirm its safety. The next blast, a 104-kiloton detonation at Yucca Flat, Nevada, displaced 12 million tons of soil and resulted in a radioactive dust cloud that rose 12,000 feet and plumed toward the Mississippi

458:

The situation remained so for the next three decades, but a resurgence in Colorado Western slope natural gas drilling has brought resource development closer and closer to the original underground detonations. By mid-2009, 84 drilling permits had been issued within a 3-mile (4.8 km) radius, with

395:

Over the next 11 years, 26 more nuclear explosion tests were conducted under the United States PNE program. The radioactive blast debris from 839 U.S. underground nuclear test explosions remain buried in-place and have been judged impractical to remove by the DOE's Nevada Site Office. Funding quietly

517:

contends that the main problem with oil and gas stimulation, which many considered the most promising economic use of nuclear detonations, was that the produced oil and gas was radioactive, which caused consumers to reject it and this was ultimately the program's downfall. Oil and gas are sometimes

1813:

Initially scheduled for July, the shot was delayed due to the accidental use of dummy detonators. As the detonators had to be placed in the center of the charge, organizers were required to dig down to the TNT charge and then use a steam heated mandrel to melt to its center, an extremely hazardous

1565:

In addition to the nuclear tests, Plowshare executed a number of non-nuclear test projects in an attempt to learn more about how the nuclear explosives could best be used. Several of these projects led to practical utility as well as to furthering knowledge about large explosives. These projects

2287:

Commission appointed in 1965 to conduct feasibility studies of several sea-level routes for an Atlantic- Pacific interoceanic canal. Two routes were in Panama and one in northwestern Colombia. The 1970 final report recommended, in part, that no current U.S. canal policy should be made on the

454:

By 1974, approximately $ 82 million had been invested in the nuclear gas stimulation technology program. It was estimated that even after 25 years of production of all the natural gas deemed recoverable, only 15 to 40% of the investment would be recouped. Also, the concept that stove burners in

475:

Citizen groups voiced concerns and opposition to some of the Plowshare tests. There were concerns that the blast effects from the Schooner explosion could dry up active wells or trigger an earthquake. There was opposition to both Rulison and Rio Blanco tests because of possible radioactive gas

203:

nicknamed the Pan-Atomic Canal, cutting paths through mountainous areas for highways, and connecting inland river systems. Other proposals involved blasting caverns for water, natural gas, and petroleum storage. Serious consideration was also given to using these explosives for various mining

2481:

First discussed with U.S. officials in 1962, the U.S. formally agreed to participate in a joint feasibility study with the Australian government in early 1969 for using nuclear explosives to construct a harbor. The project was stopped in March 1969 when it was determined that there was an

1446:

A gas stimulation experiment to investigate the feasibility of using nuclear explosives to stimulate a low-permeability gas field; provide engineering data on the use of nuclear explosions for gas stimulation; on changes in gas production and recovery rates; and on techniques to reduce the

467:

Operation Plowshare "started with great expectations and high hopes". Planners believed that the projects could be completed safely, but there was less confidence that they could be completed more economically than conventional methods. Moreover, there was insufficient public and Congressional

497:

Project Plowshare shows how something intended to improve national security can unwittingly do the opposite if it fails to fully consider the social, political, and environmental consequences. It also “underscores that public resentment and opposition can stop projects in their tracks”.

2020:

Pre-Gondola I, four 20-ton charges; Pre-Gondola II, row of five charges totaling 140 tons; Pre-Gondola III, Phase I, three rows of seven one-ton charges; Phase II, one row of seven 30- ton charges; Phase III, one row of five charges varying from five to 35 tons and totaling 70 tons

668:

A multipurpose experiment designed to provide data concerning: (1) heat generated from a nuclear explosion; (2) isotopes production; (3) neutron physics; (4) seismic measurements in a salt medium; and (5) design data for developing nuclear devices specifically for peaceful uses.

493:

River. Other consequences – blighted land, relocated communities, tritium-contaminated water, radioactivity, and fallout from debris being hurled high into the atmosphere – were ignored and downplayed until the program was terminated in 1977, due in large part to public opposition.

439:. Three 30-kiloton detonations took place simultaneously at depths of 5,768, 6,152 and 6,611 ft (1,758, 1,875 and 2,015 m). If it had been successful, plans called for the use of hundreds of specialized nuclear explosives in the 158:

By exploiting the peaceful uses of the "friendly atom" in medical applications, earth removal, and later in nuclear power plants, the nuclear industry and government sought to allay public fears about nuclear technology and promote the acceptance of

345:, and a fourth experiment involved geophysical studies based upon the timed seismic source. Only the last objective was considered a complete success. The blast unintentionally vented radioactive steam while the press watched. The partly developed 283:

At the end of the program, a major objective was to develop nuclear explosives, and blast techniques, for stimulating the flow of natural gas in "tight" underground reservoir formations. In the 1960s, a proposal was suggested for a modified

1272:

A gas stimulation experiment to investigate the feasibility of using nuclear explosives to stimulate a low-permeability gas field; first Plowshare joint government-industry nuclear experiment to evaluate an industrial application.

706:

A excavation experiment in alluvium to determine feasibility of using nuclear explosions for large excavation projects, such as harbors and canals; provide data on crater size, radiological safety, seismic effects, and air blast.

525:

to begin with, however, and the industry is set up to deal with oil and gas that contain radioactive contaminants. Historian Dr. Michael Payne notes that it was primarily changing public opinion, in response to events such as the

1553:

A gas stimulation experiment to investigate the feasibility of using nuclear explosives to stimulate a low-permeability gas field; develop technology for recovering natural gas from reservoirs with very low permeability.

505:

United States and Soviet Union/Russia nuclear stockpiles. The slow down in the production of nuclear weapons, beginning in the late 1970s in the US, greatly impacted on the economic calculations of peaceful uses of nuclear

3326:(Report). USDOE Nevada Operations Office, Las Vegas, NV (United States); Defense Nuclear Agency, Alexandria, VA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). pp. 65–68. 541:, made possible by multiple cleaner stimulation explosives, favorable rock strata and the possible creation of an underground contaminant storage cavity. The Soviet Union retains the record for the cleanest/lowest 3347:

The Off-Site Plowshare and Vela Uniform Programs: Assessing Potential Environmental Liabilities through an Examination of Proposed Nuclear Projects,High Explosive Experiments, and High Explosive Construction

455:

California might soon emit trace amounts of blast radionuclides into family homes did not sit well with the general public. The contaminated gas was never channeled into commercial supply lines.

384:", displaced more than 12 million short tons (11,000 million kilograms) of soil and resulted in a radioactive cloud that rose to an altitude of 12,000 ft (3.7 km). The 485:

There were negative impacts from several of Project Plowshare’s 27 nuclear explosions, primarily those conducted in the project's infancy and those that were very high in explosive yield.

3753: 472:

and Coach were two examples where technical problems and environmental concerns prompted further feasibility studies which took several years, and each project was eventually canceled.

134:

Negative impacts from Project Plowshare's tests generated significant public opposition, which eventually led to the program's termination in 1977. These consequences included

548:

The public records for devices that produced the highest proportion of their yield via fusion-only reactions, and therefore created orders of magnitude smaller amounts of

572:

in a 15 kt device. In comparison, the next three high fusion-yielding devices were all much too high in total explosive yield for oil and gas stimulation: the 50-megaton

235:. It was never carried out due to concerns for the native populations and the fact that there was little potential use for the harbor to justify its risk and expense. 3395:“The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions”, Project Director Gregory E van der Vink, U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-ISC-414, (Oct 1989). 2867:

highlight the peaceful applications of nuclear explosive devices and thereby create a climate of world opinion that is more favorable to weapons development and tests

1306:

An excavation experiment to explore cratering mechanics in hard, dry rock and study dispersion patterns of airborne radionuclides released under these conditions.

1004:

An excavation experiment to explore cratering mechanics in hard, dry rock and study dispersion patterns of airborne radionuclides released under these conditions.

3746: 447:

for safe use; the Rio Blanco test found that the three blast cavities had not connected as hoped, and the resulting gas still contained unacceptable levels of

421: 4401: 3739: 3389: 3538: 2722: 3628: 2970: 2678: 346: 3594:

Estimated Exposures and Thyroid Doses Received by the American People from Iodine-131 in Fallout Following Nevada Atmospheric Nuclear Bomb Tests

3295:"Press Release, Subject: A Charge of 500 Tons of Chemical High Explosive (Non-Nuclear) was Detonated at 7:17 a.m. Today at the NTS (Plowshare)" 2510:

Geothermal resource experiment; fracturing would allow fluids circulated in fracture zones to be converted to steam to generate electricity.

360:

cratering blasts were conducted; including the Buggy shot of five 1-kiloton devices for a channel/trench in Area 30 and the largest being 104

3050: 2262: 1645:

Study ditching characteristics of both-end detonated and multidetonated HE explosives in preparation for nuclear row charge experiments.

138:(projected to increase by CER Geonuclear Corporation to a level of 2% of the then-maximum level for drinking water) and the deposition of 3762: 2550: 534: 71: 2316:

Natural gas stimulation experiment; different geological characteristics than either GASBUGGY or RULISON; geological study completed.

3120: 2708: 2024:

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers project to provide seismic calibration test data and cratering characteristics for excavation projects.

4488: 4451: 2118:

A number of projects were proposed and some planning accomplished, but were not followed through on. A list of these is given here:

1945:

U.S. Army Engineer Nuclear Cratering Group study of basic cratering phenomenology in preparation for nuclear cratering experiments.

51:" plowshares shot displaced 12 million tons of earth and created a crater 320 feet (98 m) deep and 1,280 feet (390 m) wide. 2380:

Coal gasification; fracture rock-containing coal and in situ combustion of the coal would produce low-Btu gas and other products.

1037:

An excavation experiment in hard, dry rock to study dispersion patterns of airborne radionuclides released under these conditions.

519: 66:

efforts. As part of the program, 35 nuclear warheads were detonated in 27 separate tests. A similar program was carried out in the

740:

A device-development experiment to produce heavy elements and provide radiochemical analysis data for the planned Coach Project.

4406: 1919:

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers study of row-charge phenomenology and effects in preparation for a nuclear row- charge experiment.

537:

that did not result in customer product contamination issues was the 1976 Project Neva on the Sredne-Botuobinsk gas field in the

30:

This article is about proposed peaceful uses of nuclear weapons. For the serialized Philip K. Dick novel with the same name, see

1893:

U.S. Army Engineer Cratering Group Study of row- charge phenomenology and effects in preparation for nuclear row-charge tests.

2273:

Excavation of three miles of a divide cut through low hills; connect Tennessee and Tombigee rivers; dig 250-mile long canal.

373: 269: 242: 168: 1339:

A five-detonation excavation experiment to study the effects and phenomenology of nuclear row-charge excavation detonations.

2901: 2422:

Natural gas stimulation; study stimulation at various depths; an exploratory hole and two hydrological wells were drilled.

3155: 4493: 4445: 4370: 3556: 3081: 3191: 2288:

basis that nuclear excavation technology will be available for canal construction. AEC deferred in making any decision.

4426: 1884:

15 to 21.4 ft (4.57 to 6.52 m) for single-charge detonations; all row-charge detonations at 19.8 ft (6.04 m)

143: 17: 1997:

Obtain data for proposed Schooner nuclear cratering test, particularly cavity growth, seismic effects, and air blast.

4012: 3898: 2860: 2614: 2561: 2496:

Cratering experiment to extend excavation information on yields and rock types relevant to the trans-Isthmian canal.

2464:

Cratering experiment to extend excavation information on yields and rock types relevant to the trans-Isthmian canal.

1098: 1065: 1482:

A three-detonation device development experiment to develop improved nuclear explosives for excavation applications.

3521: 3500: 3449: 3427: 773:

A device-development experiment to produce heavy elements and provide technical data for the planned Coach Project.

593: 2564:, a study conducted from the 1950s to the 1960s into propelling spacecraft by detonating nuclear bombs behind them. 131:, as had earlier been assumed. This became the first crater on Earth definitely proven to be from an impact event. 3370: 938:

A device-development experiment designed to increase the neutron flux needed for the creation of heavy elements.

4467: 3605: 1697:

Examine blast, seismic effects and throw out characteristics in preparation for nuclear cratering experiments.

167:, the United States Federal government initiated Project Plowshare, involving "peaceful nuclear explosions". The 147: 4364: 4268: 3777: 3025: 276:

in Israel at an estimated cost of $ 575 million ($ 5 billion in 2021), to serve as an alternative route to the

4167: 4160: 3998: 1867:

To develop estimates for the quantities of radiation released to the atmosphere by a cratering detonation.

3545: 3192:"Milo D. Nordyke, 2000. peaceful nuclear explosions (PNEs) in the Soviet Union over the period 1965 to 1988" 4212: 4069: 1420: 2971:"The US had a plan in the 1960s to blast an alternative Suez Canal through Israel using 520 nuclear bombs" 2165:

Study the feasibility of oil recovery using a nuclear explosive detonation in the Athabascan tar sands.

3819: 592:

The U.S. conducted 27 PNE shots in conjunction with other, weapons-related, test series. A report by the

553: 1968:

simultaneous detonation of a row of five 20 ton charges placed 45 feet (13.7 m) apart (1 crater radius)

1405:

An excavation experiment to study the effects and phenomenology of cratering detonations in hard rock.

4498: 3731: 3613:, Nevada, US: Environmental Restoration Division, Operations Office, Department of Energy, April 1997, 3412: 2726: 2408:

Water resource management; dam construction, subsurface storage, purification; aquifer modification.

1235:

An emplacement experiment to investigate underground phenomenology related to emplacement techniques.

872:

A device-development experiment to produce an improved nuclear explosive for excavation applications.

839:

A device-development experiment to produce an improved nuclear explosive for excavation applications.

768: 435:

The final PNE blast took place on May 17, 1973, under Fawn Creek, 47.5 mi (76.4 km) north of

312: 3637: 2686: 2147:

Investigate excavation efficiency as a function of yield and depth in planning for Project Chariot.

4207: 4053: 1448: 3544:. US: Department of Energy Nevada Operations Office. December 2000. DOE/NV-209-REV15. Archived from 62:

for peaceful construction purposes. The program was organized in June 1957 as part of the worldwide

4411: 4090: 3173: 1202:

A device-development experiment to evaluate clean nuclear explosives for excavation applications.

1169:

A device-development experiment to evaluate clean nuclear explosives for excavation applications.

806:

A device-development experiment to produce a clean nuclear explosive for excavation applications.

469: 436: 224: 3222: 3058: 2362:

Fracturing copper ore; extract copper by in situ leaching methods; feasibility study completed.

2334:

Create a large chimney of broken rock with void space to store natural gas under high pressure.

2257:

Study cratering characteristics in dry sandstone; study ground shock and air blast intensities.

1372:

A device-development experiment to develop clean nuclear explosives for excavation applications.

331:

which could then be used to generate electricity. Another objective was the production of useful

4416: 4337: 2917: 94: 3645:

Declassification of the yields of 11 nuclear tests conducted as part of the plowshare... program

4153: 1250: 557: 417: 3345:

Beck, Colleen M.; Edwards, Susan R.; King, Maureen L. (September 1, 2011). "Project Travois".

2850: 396:

ended in 1997, and costs for the program have been estimated at more than (US) $ 770 million.

4396: 3970: 3840: 2798: 542: 443:

gas fields. The previous two tests had indicated that the produced natural gas would be too

232: 102: 3124: 1688:

Shot 1 – 80 ft (24.4 m); Shot 2 17.1 ft (5.2 m); Shot 3 – 34.2 ft (10.4 m)

1136:

A device-development experiment to improve nuclear explosives for excavation applications.

4146: 4047: 3954: 3919: 3854: 3833: 3390:

IAEA review of the 1968 book: The constructive uses of nuclear explosions by Edward Teller.

3248: 2892:

The Firecracker Boys: H-Bombs, Inupiat Eskimos, and the Roots of the Environmental Movement

2775: 1708: 675: 646: 577: 527: 381: 320: 288: 116: 48: 1468:

Green, 1736 ft (529.2 m); Yellow, 1,099 ft (335 m); Red, 499 ft (152.1 m)

8: 4174: 4132: 4097: 3926: 3394: 3260: 2540: 2368: 1032: 999: 971:

An emplacement experiment to study the effects of nuclear explosions in carbonate rock.

966: 933: 409: 296: 35: 3274:"Restricted Data Declassification Decisions 1946 to the Present, RDD-7, January 1, 2001" 2944: 1619:

Three seismic experiments to measure ground shock for the planned GNOME nuclear test.

4321: 4258: 4040: 3991: 3947: 3912: 3891: 3861: 3784: 3308: 3294: 2582: 2063: 1521: 1334: 1301: 1267: 1230: 1197: 1164: 1131: 429: 2740: 1841:

To study the effects of depth of burial and charge separation on crater dimensions.

223:

One of the first serious cratering proposals that came close to being carried out was

4118: 4104: 4083: 4033: 4019: 4005: 3933: 3905: 3868: 3847: 3812: 3805: 3653: 3517: 3496: 3445: 3423: 3327: 3236: 2945:"Use of Nuclear Explosives for Excavation of Sea-Level Canal Across the Negev Desert" 2897: 2856: 2855:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 529. 2818: 2780:

Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power: A Critical Global Assessment of Atomic Energy

2702: 2610: 2240: 1510: 1477: 1441: 1400: 1367: 900: 867: 834: 801: 581: 514: 389: 319:, conducted on December 10, 1961, in a salt bed 24 mi (39 km) southeast of 300: 254: 217: 128: 59: 3693: 3598:

Figure 1 – Per capita thyroid doses resulting from all exposure routes from all test

3138: 2643: 191:

schemes involved chaining five thermonuclear devices to create an artificial harbor.

4300: 4233: 4217: 4181: 4139: 4125: 4111: 4076: 4026: 3826: 3725: 3712: 3699: 3686: 3673: 3614: 3351: 3005: 2814: 2810: 2783: 2227: 2035: 1751:

Establish depth of burst curves for underground explosives in a hard rock medium.

1548: 1241: 735: 701: 684: 663: 549: 511: 385: 377: 357: 342: 250: 238: 195:

Proposed uses for nuclear explosives under Project Plowshare included widening the

120: 98: 86: 3607:

Focused Evaluation of Selected Remedial Alternatives for the Underground Test Area

3483:

Proving Grounds: Project Plowshare and the Unrealized Dream of Nuclear Earthmoving

3273: 2348:

Break oil shale deposits for in situ retorting; exploratory core holes drilled.

1671:

To study rock fracturing and related phenomena produced by contained explosions.

253:, would have used 22 nuclear explosions to excavate a massive roadcut through the 4432: 4376: 4342: 4316: 3984: 3884: 3798: 3791: 3719: 3706: 3159: 2890: 2545: 2516: 2153: 1971:

Study fundamental processes involved in row charge excavating dense, hard rock.

1531: 501: 440: 272:

would have used 520 2-megaton nuclear explosions to excavate a canal through the

160: 135: 63: 3589: 3309:

TWX to OBrien et al, Subject: High Explosive Scooter Detonation has been Delayed

3198: 3106: 2553:– the equivalent Soviet program(s) that achieved "practical application" status. 204:

operations. One proposal suggested using nuclear blasts to connect underground

27:

U.S. program examining the peaceful applications of nuclear explosives (1961–77)

4238: 4063: 3875: 3107:""Gasbuggy" tests Nuclear Fracking – American Oil & Gas Historical Society" 2852:

Atoms for Peace and War, 1953–1961: Eisenhower and the Atomic Energy Commission

2475: 1103:

A heavy element device-development test to evaluate neutron flux performance.

339: 58:

was the overall United States program for the development of techniques to use

3406: 2179:

Study a nuclear detonation to shatter an oil shale formation to extract oil.

1539:

5,840 ft (1,780 m); 6,230 ft (1,898.9 m); 6,690 ft (2,039.1 m)

4482: 4391: 4263: 3977: 3961: 3680: 3346: 2822: 2665: 2322: 1808: 637: 478: 448: 444: 350: 316: 262: 258: 228: 172: 78: 3227:

by Milo D. Nordyke. Science & Global Security, 1998, Volume 7, pp. 1–117

77:

Successful demonstrations of non-combat uses for nuclear explosives include

4462: 4457: 4439: 4386: 4248: 3667: 3513:

Atomic Audit: The Costs and Consequences of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Since 1940

3437: 2394:

A high-yield row charge in hard rock under terrain of varying elevations.

1766: 576:

achieved a yield 97% derived from fusion, while in the US, the 9.3-megaton

538: 404:

Three nuclear explosion experiments were intended to stimulate the flow of

332: 303:. However, this approach was abandoned for a number of technical reasons. 273: 196: 124: 67: 2302:

A low-yield cratering detonation to study basic cratering phenomenology.

2193:

A deeply buried clean nuclear explosive detonation excavation experiment

4381: 4284: 4243: 2528:

Several nuclear quarrying projects to create rock fill for dam projects.

405: 369: 109: 43: 31: 3761: 183: 4253: 4058: 2918:"Preliminary Design Studies In A Nuclear Excavation — Project Carryall" 2799:"Turning up the Gas: AEC Prepares Another Nuclear Gas Stimulation Shot" 2556: 1725:

Mining operation to examine high explosive-induced fracturing of salt.

1070:

To develop an improved nuclear explosive for excavation applications.

573: 476:

flaring operations and other environmental hazards. In a 1973 article,

324: 277: 213: 164: 3369:

Yoman, John (May 1970). "Summary of Nuclear-Excavation Applications".

2649:. US Department of Energy, Office of Science and Technical Information 3331: 3323: 1781:

To determine how gases in a confined underground explosion migrate.

365: 200: 105: 90: 82: 3355: 3324:

Caging the dragon: the containment of underground nuclear explosions

3010: 2993: 2081:

Four series of row-charge detonations to study excavation designs.

2052:

To study excavation of a small boat harbor in a weak coral medium.

408:

from "tight" formation gas fields. Industrial participants included

142:

from radioactive material being injected into the atmosphere before

115:

The project's uncharacteristically large and atmospherically vented

3939: 3618: 3462:

The Swords of Armageddon: US Nuclear Weapons Development Since 1945

2207:

Produce neutron-rich isotopes of known trans- plutonium elements.

1668:

Three explosions, varying from 500 to 1,000 lb. charges each

1515:

To develop a clean nuclear explosive for excavation applications.

1424: 413: 246: 2243:

for realignment of the Santa Fe railroad and a new highway I-40.

568:

explosive yield devices, that is, a total fission fraction of 0.3

212:. Another plan involved surface blasting on the western slope of 2741:"Keyah Math – Numerical Solutions for Culturally Diverse Geology" 2664:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

1411: 905:

A device-development experiment to study emplacement techniques.

569: 565: 482:

used the term "Project Dubious" to describe Operation Plowshare.

425: 361: 336: 209: 205: 139: 556:

of the 1970s, with the three detonations that excavated part of

3539:"United States Nuclear Tests, July 1945 through September 1992" 2607:

10 Emerging Technologies That'll Improve and/or ruin everything

1642:

Series of 122 detonations of both linear and point HE charges

596:

includes yields slightly different from those presented below.

292: 3578: 2950:. United States Office of Scientific and Technical Information 1748:

Three 40,000 lb. charges and ten 1,000 lb. charges

459:

11 permits within one mi (1.6 km) mile of the site.

108:

data which has helped geologists and follow-on mining company

2436:

Natural gas stimulation; meteorological observations taken.

328: 3663:

milestones, including proposed tests and projects conducted.

3511: 3460: 3297:(Press release). Atomic Energy Commission. October 13, 1960. 3174:"The Soviet Program for Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosions" 2994:"Recovering Oil by Retorting a Nuclear Chimney in Oil Shale" 1807:

To study crater dimension, throw out material distribution,

2107:

To promote fracturing and in situ leaching of copper ore.

3224:

The Soviet Program for Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosions

2525:

Various sites in California, New Mexico, Idaho and Oregon

2095:

fracturing experiment (High explosive, ammonium nitrate)

3721:

Radiation Safety in Nuclear Energy Explorations (Part II)

349:

detonation experiment that was to follow adjacent to the

3708:

Radiation Safety in Nuclear Energy Explorations (Part I)

3485:, New Brunswick, NJ and London: Rutgers University Press 2916:

Fry, J. G.; Stane, R. A.; Crutchfield Jr, W. H. (1964).

2092:

Galiuro Mountains, 44 miles northeast Tucson, Arizona

2011:

excavation experiments (High explosive, nitromethane)

34:. For the Christian anti-nuclear protest movement, see 3237:

4.5 Thermonuclear Weapon Designs and Later Subsections

2915: 1881:

row-charge experiment (High explosive, nitromethane)

1838:

8 detonations of series of four 278 lb. charges

3263:. Nuclearweaponarchive.org. Retrieved on May 1, 2011. 3251:. Nuclearweaponarchive.org. Retrieved on May 1, 2011. 3239:. Nuclearweaponarchive.org. Retrieved on May 1, 2011. 3082:"Colorado drilling rigs closing in on '60s nuke site" 2239:

Row-charge excavation experiment to cut through the

1959:

row charge experiment (High explosive, nitromethane)

1907:

row-charge experiment (High explosive, nitromethane)

399: 335:

and their recovery. Yet another experiment involved

299:

created by breaking the rock into fragments) using a

4402:

Unethical human experimentation in the United States

3763:

Nuclear weapons tests conducted by the United States

1985:

cratering experiment (high explosive, nitromethane)

1933:

cratering experiment (High explosive, nitromethane)

1890:

Six single-charge detonations, four multiple-charge

535:

successful and profitable nuclear stimulation effort

462: 89:

manufacture, unlocking some of the mysteries of the

3420:

Nuclear Explosions and Earthquakes: The Parted Veil

2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 3724:is available for free viewing and download at the 3711:is available for free viewing and download at the 3698:is available for free viewing and download at the 3685:is available for free viewing and download at the 3672:is available for free viewing and download at the 3311:(Report). Atomic Energy Commission. July 31, 1960. 2889: 2008:Near Fort Peck Reservoir, Valley County, Montana 1855:simulated excavation experiment (High explosive) 2450:Oil shale maturation; exploratory hole drilled. 388:plume headed northeast and then east towards the 74:, although the Soviet one consists of 124 tests. 4480: 3408:"Plowshare (1961) – US Atomic Energy Commission" 3371:Symposium on Engineering with Nuclear Explosives 3156:"elmada.com/wagon: Nuclear Stimulation Projects" 2991: 2623: 199:, constructing a new sea-level waterway through 3516:, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 3493:Under the Cloud: The Decades of Nuclear Testing 3344: 1811:, dust cloud growth, and long-range air blast. 580:test is reported as 95.2%, and the 4.5-megaton 3139:"Plowshare Program Executive Summary, pp. 4–5" 3004:(6). Society of Petroleum Engineers: 727–734. 3747: 3583:, National Cancer Institute, December 5, 2014 2040:excavation experiment (High explosive, TNT) 1829:row-charge experiment (High explosive, TNT) 1795:excavation experiment (High explosive, TNT) 1739:excavation experiment (High explosive, TNT) 1685:excavation experiment (High explosive, TNT) 1627:November–December 1959 & April–June 1960 428:test; and CER Geonuclear Corporation for the 2723:"Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series" 2113: 3596:(report), National Cancer Institute, 1999, 3368: 2887: 2849:Hewlett, Richard G.; Holl, Jack M. (1989). 2848: 2604: 2551:Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy 1633:ditching experiment (High explosive, TNT) 268:A project proposed in a 1963 memorandum by 245:, the California Division of Highways (now 72:Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy 3754: 3740: 3045: 3043: 1659:seismic experiment (High explosive, TNT) 4452:Trinity and Beyond: The Atomic Bomb Movie 3321: 3009: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 1916:Five rows of five 1,000 lb. charges 3509: 2942: 2796: 2774: 2482:insufficient economic basis to proceed. 2284:Pan-American Isthmus (Central America) 2069:excavation experiment (High explosive) 560:, being cited as 98% fusion each in the 500: 182: 42: 4407:International Day against Nuclear Tests 3350:(Report). Vol. 1. pp. 3–259. 3334:. DOE/NV-388; DNA-TR-95-74; DE98000017. 3040: 2985: 2837:The Untold History of the United States 1942:Four 40,000 lb. spherical charges 1474:Green, 105; Yellow, 0.9; Red, 0.4 tons 368:) on July 6, 1962, at the north end of 14: 4481: 3490: 3480: 3442:US Nuclear Weapons: The Secret History 3436: 3422:, San Francisco: WH Freeman & Co, 3315: 2968: 2751: 2707:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2644:"Executive Summary: Plowshare Program" 1639:Playa (combination of silt and clay) 1471:Green, Tuff; Yellow and Red, Alluvium 270:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 169:United States Atomic Energy Commission 119:also led geologists to determine that 3735: 3362: 3338: 3121:"Innovation Alberta: Article Details" 3079: 2236:Bristol Mountains Mojave Desert, CA 1607:seismic experiment (High explosive) 545:nuclear devices so far demonstrated. 488:On Project Gnome and the Sedan test: 380:(NTS) in southern Nevada. The shot, " 291:process which involved creation of a 4446:Reactor-grade plutonium nuclear test 4371:Fallout: An American Nuclear Tragedy 3417: 1765:tracer experiment (High explosive, 1742:5 to 59.85 ft (1.5 to 18.24 m) 1560: 306: 4427:Radiation Exposure Compensation Act 2992:Lombard, DB; Carpenter, HC (1967). 2969:Guenot, Marianne (March 25, 2021). 2924:(50). Highway Research Board: 32–39 2839:(Gallery Books, 2012), pp. 283–284 2725:. February 10, 2006. Archived from 2278:Interoceanic Sea-Level Canal Study 1910:18.5 to 23 ft (5.64 to 7.0 m) 1604:Southeast of Carlsbad, New Mexico 1330: 533:As a point of comparison, the most 97:and probing the composition of the 24: 3495:, Woodlands, TX: Two Sixty Press, 3458: 3383: 2835:Stone, Oliver and Kuznick, Peter, 1982:Owyhee County, southwestern Idaho 1936:42 to 66 ft (18.3 to 20.1 m) 1544: 400:Natural gas stimulation experiment 231:to create an artificial harbor at 25: 4510: 3510:Schwartz, Stephen I, ed. (1998), 3400: 3123:. August 24, 2007. Archived from 2803:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 1542:Sandstone, gas-bearing formation 1261:Sandstone, gas bearing formation 594:Federation of American Scientists 584:test as 95% derived from fusion. 463:Impacts, opposition and economics 420:; CER Geonuclear Corporation and 261:, to accommodate construction of 4489:American nuclear weapons testing 2943:Maccabee, H. D. (July 1, 1963). 2659: 2581:Test shot Anacostia resulted in 2416:Jan. 1968 – 1974 1852:At LRL, near Tracy, California 587: 227:, which would have used several 4468:Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll 3301: 3287: 3266: 3254: 3242: 3230: 3216: 3184: 3166: 3148: 3131: 3113: 3099: 3073: 3057:. April 9, 1973. Archived from 3018: 2998:Journal of Petroleum Technology 2962: 2936: 2909: 2881: 2872: 2842: 2032:November 1969 – December 1970 1875:November 1962 – February 1963 1694:Three 40,000 lb. charges 220:for a water transport project. 4365:National Atomic Testing Museum 4269:Nevada Test and Training Range 3682:Plowshare (Part II) (ca. 1961) 3580:Radioactive I-131 from Fallout 3158:. July 6, 2004. Archived from 3051:"Environment: Project Dubious" 2829: 2815:10.1080/00963402.1972.11457935 2790: 2733: 2715: 2671: 2598: 2575: 2405:Clear Creek or San Simon, AZ 1636:3 to 20 ft (1 to 6.1 m) 1610:1,200 ft (365.8 m), each 13: 1: 3695:New Mexico, 1961/11/30 (1961) 3669:Plowshare (Part I) (ca. 1961) 2592: 2005:October 1966 – October 1969 1456:Flask -Green, -Yellow, -Red 3080:Jaffe, Mark (July 2, 2009). 2797:Jacobsen, Sally (May 1972). 2433:Pinedale, WY (24 miles NW) 2263:Tennessee/ Tombigee Waterway 552:as a result, are the USSR's 178: 153: 123:was formed as a result of a 7: 4494:Peaceful nuclear explosions 3376:(Report). pp. 267–268. 2534: 2419:Pinedale, WY (19 miles S) 2377:Gillette, WY (20 miles W) 2359:Safford, AZ (11 miles NE) 2254:Colorado Plateau CO or AZ 2204:Carlsbad, NM (GNOME site) 554:Peaceful nuclear explosions 550:long-lived fission products 10: 4515: 3491:Miller, Richard L (1999), 3444:, Arlington, TX: Aerofax, 3322:Carothers, J (June 1995). 3178:www.bibliotecapleyades.net 2605:Weinersmith, Zach (2017). 2469:Australian Harbor Project 2331:Renovo, PA (12 miles SW) 2089:August 1971 – March 1972 2017:Saturated Bearclaw shale 1789:17:17 am, 13 October 1960 1432:8,425 ft (2,567.9 m) 960:Dolomite (carbonate rock) 468:support for the projects. 313:Peaceful Nuclear Explosion 241:, proposed in 1963 by the 29: 4355: 4330: 4309: 4293: 4277: 4226: 4200: 4191: 3769: 3636:, US: DOE, archived from 3028:. Harvard Business School 2896:, New York: Basic Books, 2114:Proposed nuclear projects 1449:radioactive contamination 4412:Nevada Desert Experience 2568: 2478:(NW coast of Australia) 2043:4–8 ft (1.2–2.4 m) 1501:1,735 ft (528.8 m) 1358:1,535 ft (467.9 m) 1258:4,240 ft (1,292 m) 1089:1,057 ft (322.2 m) 924:1,325 ft (403.9 m) 825:1,616 ft (492.6 m) 437:Grand Junction, Colorado 374:Atomic Energy Commission 243:Atomic Energy Commission 4417:Nuclear weapons testing 4338:Pacific Proving Grounds 3459:———, 3026:"Austral Oil, Co., Inc" 2922:Highway Research Record 2501:Geothermal Power Plant 2345:Rio Blanco County, CO 2313:Rio Blanco County, CO 2270:Northeast Mississippi 2002:Pre-Gondola I, II, III 601:Plowshare nuclear tests 295:chimney (a zone in the 95:stellar nucleosynthesis 4218:Carson National Forest 3643:on September 7, 2006, 3481:Kirsch, Scott (2005), 3418:Bolt, Bruce A (1976), 2888:O'Neill, Dan (2007) , 1772:610 ft (185.9 m) 1391:365 ft (111.3 m) 1251:Farmington, New Mexico 1221:572 ft (174.3 m) 1188:990 ft (301.8 m) 1155:650 ft (198.1 m) 1056:495 ft (150.9 m) 957:1,332 ft (406 m) 891:848 ft (258.5 m) 858:862 ft (262.7 m) 759:745 ft (227.1 m) 726:747 ft (227.7 m) 654:1,185 ft (361 m) 507: 495: 418:Farmington, New Mexico 192: 171:chairman at the time, 52: 4397:Desert Rock exercises 3652:"Plowshare Program", 2729:on February 10, 2006. 2221:Scaling experiment. 1798:125 ft (38.1 m) 1733:July–September 1960 1601:February 10–16, 1959 1325:135 ft (41.1 m) 1292:170 ft (51.8 m) 1023:280 ft (85.3 m) 504: 490: 265:and a new rail line. 233:Cape Thompson, Alaska 186: 163:. At the peak of the 103:reflection seismology 46: 3249:Operation Hardtack I 3204:on December 23, 2016 3061:on December 14, 2008 2776:Sovacool, Benjamin K 2689:on February 10, 2006 2060:July–December 1970 2036:Kawaihae Bay, Hawaii 1988:71 ft (21.6 m) 1962:59 ft (18.0 m) 1709:Winnfield, Louisiana 1653:February–April 1960 1122:502 ft (153 m) 990:90 ft (27.4 m) 792:489 ft (149 m) 692:635 ft (194 m) 647:Carlsbad, New Mexico 528:Cuban Missile Crisis 289:shale oil extraction 3590:"Executive Summary" 3127:on August 24, 2007. 3109:. December 4, 2015. 2541:Plowshares movement 2162:Athabasca, Canada 1979:September 30, 1965 603: 422:Austral Oil Company 410:El Paso Natural Gas 353:was then canceled. 297:oil shale formation 144:underground testing 36:Plowshares Movement 18:Operation Plowshare 4264:Sand Springs Range 2493:Nevada Test Site 2461:Nevada Test Site 2299:Nevada Test Site 2144:Nevada Test Site 2064:Trinidad, Colorado 1904:Nevada Test Site 1901:June–August 1963 1826:Nevada Test Site 1792:Nevada Test Site 1736:Nevada Test Site 1682:Nevada Test Site 1656:Nevada Test Site 1630:Nevada Test Site 1417:September 10, 1969 1349:September 17, 1968 1212:September 21, 1967 599: 558:Pechora–Kama Canal 508: 193: 148:mandated by treaty 117:Sedan nuclear test 99:Earth's deep crust 60:nuclear explosives 53: 4499:Project Plowshare 4476: 4475: 4422:Project Plowshare 4351: 4350: 3558:Plowshare Program 3551:on June 15, 2010. 3261:Operation Redwing 2903:978-0-465-00348-8 2585:being discovered. 2532: 2531: 2430:Jul. 1969 – 1974 2356:Oct. 1967 – 1968 2241:Bristol Mountains 2111: 2110: 2066:(six miles west) 1956:Nevada Test Site 1930:Nevada Test Site 1878:Nevada Test Site 1861:Oil-sand mixture 1762:Rifle, Colorado 1561:Non-nuclear tests 1558: 1557: 1495:Nevada Test Site 1462:Nevada Test Site 1385:Nevada Test Site 1352:Nevada Test Site 1319:Nevada Test Site 1286:Nevada Test Site 1247:December 10, 1967 1215:Nevada Test Site 1182:Nevada Test Site 1149:Nevada Test Site 1116:Nevada Test Site 1083:Nevada Test Site 1050:Nevada Test Site 1017:Nevada Test Site 984:Nevada Test Site 951:Nevada Test Site 918:Nevada Test Site 885:Nevada Test Site 852:Nevada Test Site 819:Nevada Test Site 816:February 20, 1964 786:Nevada Test Site 753:Nevada Test Site 750:February 21, 1963 720:Nevada Test Site 717:November 27, 1962 643:December 10, 1961 515:Benjamin Sovacool 390:Mississippi River 307:Plowshare testing 301:nuclear explosive 255:Bristol Mountains 218:Sacramento Valley 129:volcanic eruption 81:, stimulation of 56:Project Plowshare 16:(Redirected from 4506: 4234:Nevada Test Site 4198: 4197: 3756: 3749: 3742: 3733: 3732: 3726:Internet Archive 3713:Internet Archive 3700:Internet Archive 3687:Internet Archive 3674:Internet Archive 3662: 3660: 3647: 3642: 3635: 3622: 3612: 3600: 3584: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3563: 3552: 3550: 3543: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3505: 3486: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3467: 3454: 3432: 3409: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3203: 3197:. Archived from 3196: 3188: 3182: 3181: 3170: 3164: 3163: 3162:on July 6, 2004. 3152: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3047: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3013: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2949: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2895: 2885: 2879: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2846: 2840: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2786:, pp. 171–2 2784:World Scientific 2772: 2749: 2748: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2706: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2685:. Archived from 2675: 2669: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2648: 2640: 2621: 2620: 2602: 2586: 2579: 2507:Not determined 2447:near Ouray, UT 2391:Not determined 2218:Not determined 2190:Not determined 2176:Not determined 2121: 2120: 2075:Sandstone/shale 1976:Pre-Schooner II 1804:500 ton charges 1705:March–July 1960 1584:Depth of Burial 1569: 1568: 1382:December 8, 1968 1283:January 26, 1968 1146:November 6, 1966 981:November 5, 1964 948:November 5, 1964 783:October 11, 1963 769:Dominic I and II 685:Nevada Test Site 625:Yield (kilotons) 619:Depth of Burial 604: 598: 564:test's three 15- 543:fission-fraction 512:social scientist 470:Projects Chariot 412:Company for the 386:radioactive dust 378:Nevada Test Site 358:proof-of-concept 315:(PNE) blast was 251:Santa Fe Railway 239:Project Carryall 121:Barringer crater 87:chemical element 21: 4514: 4513: 4509: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4504: 4503: 4479: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4433:The Atomic Cafe 4377:Alvin C. Graves 4357: 4347: 4326: 4305: 4289: 4273: 4222: 4193: 4187: 4168:Upshot–Knothole 4161:Tumbler–Snapper 3765: 3760: 3718:The short film 3705:The short film 3692:The short film 3679:The short film 3666:The short film 3658: 3655:Atomic traveler 3651: 3640: 3633: 3626: 3610: 3604: 3588: 3576: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3555: 3548: 3541: 3537: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3503: 3471: 3469: 3465: 3452: 3430: 3407: 3403: 3386: 3384:Further reading 3381: 3373: 3367: 3363: 3356:10.2172/1046575 3343: 3339: 3320: 3316: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3278: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3247: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3221: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3141: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3119: 3118: 3114: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3090: 3088: 3086:The Denver Post 3078: 3074: 3064: 3062: 3049: 3048: 3041: 3031: 3029: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3011:10.2118/1669-PA 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2967: 2963: 2953: 2951: 2947: 2941: 2937: 2927: 2925: 2914: 2910: 2904: 2886: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2863: 2847: 2843: 2834: 2830: 2795: 2791: 2773: 2752: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2700: 2699: 2692: 2690: 2679:"Archived copy" 2677: 2676: 2672: 2660: 2652: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2641: 2624: 2617: 2609:. p. 154. 2603: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2589: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2546:Atoms for Peace 2537: 2116: 1994:85 ton charge 1924:Pre-Schooner I 1864:100 gm charges 1759:August 2, 1960 1563: 1532:Rifle, Colorado 915:October 9, 1964 590: 578:Hardtack Poplar 465: 441:western Rockies 402: 323:, in southeast 309: 225:Project Chariot 181: 161:nuclear weapons 156: 136:tritiated water 127:and not from a 70:under the name 64:Atoms for Peace 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4512: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4448: 4443: 4436: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4367: 4361: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4345: 4343:South Atlantic 4340: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4313: 4311: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4303: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4287: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4259:Central Nevada 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4239:Frenchman Flat 4236: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4204: 4202: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4185: 4178: 4171: 4164: 4157: 4150: 4143: 4136: 4129: 4122: 4115: 4108: 4101: 4094: 4091:Roller Coaster 4087: 4080: 4073: 4066: 4064:Project 58/58A 4061: 4056: 4051: 4044: 4037: 4030: 4023: 4016: 4009: 4002: 3995: 3988: 3981: 3974: 3967: 3966: 3965: 3951: 3944: 3943: 3942: 3930: 3923: 3916: 3909: 3902: 3895: 3888: 3881: 3880: 3879: 3876:Starfish Prime 3865: 3858: 3851: 3844: 3837: 3830: 3823: 3816: 3809: 3802: 3795: 3788: 3781: 3773: 3771: 3767: 3766: 3759: 3758: 3751: 3744: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3716: 3703: 3690: 3677: 3664: 3649: 3624: 3619:10.2172/469154 3602: 3586: 3577:"Background", 3574: 3553: 3535: 3522: 3507: 3501: 3488: 3478: 3456: 3450: 3434: 3428: 3415: 3402: 3401:External links 3399: 3398: 3397: 3392: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3379: 3361: 3337: 3314: 3300: 3286: 3265: 3253: 3241: 3229: 3215: 3183: 3165: 3147: 3130: 3112: 3098: 3072: 3039: 3017: 2984: 2961: 2935: 2908: 2902: 2880: 2871: 2862:978-0520060180 2861: 2841: 2828: 2789: 2750: 2732: 2714: 2670: 2622: 2616:978-0399563829 2615: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2565: 2559: 2554: 2548: 2543: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2512: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2476:Cape Keraudren 2473: 2470: 2466: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2410: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2364: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2318: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2290: 2289: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2275: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2181: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2149: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2061: 2058: 2054: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1953:June 24, 1964 1951: 1947: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1927:February 1964 1925: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1869: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1595: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1529: 1526: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1444: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1418: 1415: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1374: 1373: 1370: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1316:March 12, 1968 1314: 1308: 1307: 1304: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1275: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1248: 1245: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1047:March 24, 1966 1045: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1014:April 14, 1965 1012: 1006: 1005: 1002: 997: 994: 991: 988: 985: 982: 979: 973: 972: 969: 964: 961: 958: 955: 952: 949: 946: 940: 939: 936: 931: 928: 925: 922: 919: 916: 913: 907: 906: 903: 898: 895: 892: 889: 886: 883: 880: 874: 873: 870: 865: 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 841: 840: 837: 832: 829: 826: 823: 820: 817: 814: 808: 807: 804: 799: 796: 793: 790: 787: 784: 781: 775: 774: 771: 766: 763: 760: 757: 754: 751: 748: 742: 741: 738: 733: 730: 727: 724: 721: 718: 715: 709: 708: 704: 699: 696: 693: 690: 687: 682: 679: 671: 670: 666: 661: 658: 655: 652: 649: 644: 641: 633: 632: 629: 626: 623: 620: 617: 614: 611: 608: 589: 586: 582:Redwing Navajo 464: 461: 401: 398: 340:time-of-flight 308: 305: 229:hydrogen bombs 180: 177: 155: 152: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4511: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4453: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4435: 4434: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4392:Corbin Harney 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4354: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4196: 4190: 4183: 4179: 4176: 4172: 4169: 4165: 4162: 4158: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4137: 4134: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4116: 4113: 4109: 4106: 4102: 4099: 4095: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4078: 4074: 4071: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4028: 4024: 4021: 4017: 4014: 4010: 4007: 4003: 4000: 3999:Little Feller 3996: 3993: 3989: 3986: 3982: 3979: 3975: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3962:Hardtack Teak 3959: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3931: 3928: 3924: 3921: 3917: 3914: 3910: 3907: 3903: 3900: 3896: 3893: 3889: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3849: 3845: 3842: 3838: 3835: 3831: 3828: 3824: 3821: 3820:Buster–Jangle 3817: 3814: 3810: 3807: 3803: 3800: 3796: 3793: 3789: 3786: 3782: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3757: 3752: 3750: 3745: 3743: 3738: 3737: 3734: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3717: 3714: 3710: 3709: 3704: 3701: 3697: 3696: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3683: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3670: 3665: 3657: 3656: 3650: 3646: 3639: 3632: 3631: 3627:"Plowshare", 3625: 3620: 3616: 3609: 3608: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3582: 3581: 3575: 3560: 3559: 3554: 3547: 3540: 3536: 3525: 3523:0-8157-7773-6 3519: 3515: 3514: 3508: 3504: 3502:1-881043-05-3 3498: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3468:, US cold war 3464: 3463: 3457: 3453: 3451:0-517-56740-7 3447: 3443: 3439: 3438:Hansen, Chuck 3435: 3431: 3429:0-7167-0276-2 3425: 3421: 3416: 3414: 3410: 3405: 3404: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3372: 3365: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3341: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3318: 3310: 3304: 3296: 3290: 3275: 3269: 3262: 3257: 3250: 3245: 3238: 3233: 3226: 3225: 3219: 3200: 3193: 3187: 3179: 3175: 3169: 3161: 3157: 3151: 3140: 3134: 3126: 3122: 3116: 3108: 3102: 3087: 3083: 3076: 3060: 3056: 3055:Time magazine 3052: 3046: 3044: 3027: 3021: 3012: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2988: 2972: 2965: 2946: 2939: 2923: 2919: 2912: 2905: 2899: 2894: 2893: 2884: 2875: 2868: 2864: 2858: 2854: 2853: 2845: 2838: 2832: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2793: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2746: 2745:keyah.asu.edu 2742: 2736: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2710: 2704: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2674: 2667: 2666:public domain 2645: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2618: 2612: 2608: 2601: 2597: 2584: 2578: 2574: 2563: 2562:Project Orion 2560: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2439: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2370: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2307:Dragon Trail 2306: 2305: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2229: 2225: 2224: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2086:Old Reliable 2085: 2084: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1898:Pre-Buggy II 1897: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1815: 1810: 1809:ground motion 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1613:Bedded salt 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331:5 at 1.1 each 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1238: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1179:June 22, 1967 1178: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1113:July 11, 1966 1112: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1080:June 25, 1966 1079: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1003: 1001: 998: 995: 992: 989: 986: 983: 980: 978: 975: 974: 970: 968: 965: 962: 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 945: 942: 941: 937: 935: 932: 929: 926: 923: 920: 917: 914: 912: 909: 908: 904: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 882:June 30, 1964 881: 879: 876: 875: 871: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 851: 849:June 11, 1964 848: 846: 843: 842: 838: 836: 833: 830: 827: 824: 821: 818: 815: 813: 810: 809: 805: 803: 800: 797: 794: 791: 788: 785: 782: 780: 777: 776: 772: 770: 767: 764: 761: 758: 755: 752: 749: 747: 744: 743: 739: 737: 734: 731: 728: 725: 722: 719: 716: 714: 711: 710: 705: 703: 700: 697: 694: 691: 688: 686: 683: 680: 678: 677: 673: 672: 667: 665: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 648: 645: 642: 640: 639: 635: 634: 630: 627: 624: 621: 618: 615: 612: 609: 606: 605: 602: 597: 595: 588:Nuclear tests 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 546: 544: 540: 536: 531: 529: 524: 522: 516: 513: 503: 499: 494: 489: 486: 483: 481: 480: 473: 471: 460: 456: 452: 450: 449:radionuclides 446: 442: 438: 433: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 397: 393: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 372:, within the 371: 367: 363: 359: 354: 352: 348: 347:Project Coach 344: 341: 338: 334: 333:radioisotopes 330: 326: 322: 318: 317:Project Gnome 314: 304: 302: 298: 294: 290: 287: 281: 279: 275: 271: 266: 264: 263:Interstate 40 260: 259:Mojave Desert 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 234: 230: 226: 221: 219: 215: 211: 207: 202: 198: 190: 185: 176: 174: 173:Lewis Strauss 170: 166: 162: 151: 149: 145: 141: 137: 132: 130: 126: 125:meteor impact 122: 118: 113: 111: 107: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 79:rock blasting 75: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 50: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 4463:Louis Vitale 4458:Vela Uniform 4450: 4440:Radio Bikini 4438: 4431: 4421: 4387:Chuck Hansen 4369: 4249:Rainier Mesa 3720: 3707: 3694: 3681: 3668: 3661:(chronology) 3654: 3644: 3638:the original 3629: 3621:, DOE/NV-465 3606: 3597: 3593: 3579: 3566:, retrieved 3557: 3546:the original 3527:, retrieved 3512: 3492: 3482: 3470:, retrieved 3461: 3441: 3419: 3364: 3340: 3317: 3303: 3289: 3277:. Retrieved 3268: 3256: 3244: 3232: 3223: 3218: 3206:. Retrieved 3199:the original 3186: 3177: 3168: 3160:the original 3150: 3133: 3125:the original 3115: 3101: 3089:. Retrieved 3085: 3075: 3063:. Retrieved 3059:the original 3054: 3032:November 23, 3030:. Retrieved 3020: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2975:. Retrieved 2964: 2952:. Retrieved 2938: 2926:. Retrieved 2921: 2911: 2891: 2883: 2874: 2866: 2851: 2844: 2836: 2831: 2806: 2802: 2792: 2779: 2744: 2735: 2727:the original 2717: 2691:. Retrieved 2687:the original 2683:www.ociw.edu 2682: 2673: 2651:. Retrieved 2606: 2600: 2577: 2515: 2413:Wagon Wheel 2367: 2321: 2226: 2184:Ditchdigger 2152: 2117: 2104:2,002 tons 1872:Pre-Buggy I 1849:Summer 1961 1812: 1767:nitromethane 1564: 1545:3 at 33 each 1528:May 17, 1973 1520: 1492:July 8, 1971 1487: 1459:May 26, 1970 1451:to the gas. 1421:Grand Valley 1410: 1377: 1344: 1311: 1278: 1240: 1207: 1174: 1141: 1108: 1075: 1042: 1009: 976: 943: 910: 877: 844: 811: 778: 745: 712: 681:July 6, 1962 674: 636: 628:Test series 600: 591: 561: 547: 539:Soviet Union 532: 520: 509: 506:detonations. 496: 491: 487: 484: 477: 474: 466: 457: 453: 434: 403: 394: 356:A number of 355: 310: 285: 282: 274:Negev Desert 267: 237: 222: 197:Panama Canal 194: 188: 157: 133: 114: 76: 68:Soviet Union 55: 54: 40: 4382:Reed Hadley 4285:Salmon Site 4278:Mississippi 4244:Pahute Mesa 4070:Quicksilver 3971:Hardtack II 3841:Cornerstone 3091:January 30, 2693:January 12, 2455:Sturtevant 2369:Thunderbird 1775:Oil shale 1713:experiment 1679:March 1960 1676:Stagecoach 1616:3.65 tons 1572:Test name 1525:-1, -2, -3 523:radioactive 445:radioactive 406:natural gas 370:Yucca Flats 249:), and the 187:One of the 110:prospecting 101:, creating 32:The Zap Gun 4483:Categories 4254:Yucca Flat 4208:Alamogordo 4201:New Mexico 4147:Touchstone 4059:Project 57 4054:Project 56 4048:Praetorian 3955:Hardtack I 3920:Greenhouse 3855:Crossroads 3834:Charioteer 3770:Operations 3568:August 17, 3529:August 17, 3472:August 17, 3348:Activities 3279:August 17, 3065:August 17, 2928:August 17, 2653:August 17, 2593:References 2583:Curium-250 2557:Atomic age 2342:Oct. 1967 2328:Aug. 1967 2310:Dec. 1966 2296:Mar. 1966 2170:Oil Shale 1823:June 1961 1730:Buckboard 1598:Pre-Gnome 1566:included: 1522:Rio Blanco 631:Objective 574:Tsar Bomba 430:Rio Blanco 416:test near 351:Gnome test 325:New Mexico 311:The first 278:Suez Canal 214:California 165:Atomic Age 47:The 1962 " 4317:Parachute 4175:Whetstone 4133:Tinderbox 4098:Sandstone 4013:Musketeer 3927:Grenadier 3899:Flintlock 2973:. Insider 2823:0096-3402 2809:(5): 37. 2399:Aquarius 2130:Location 2057:Trinidad 1991:Rhyolite 1913:Alluvium 1887:Alluvium 1835:Alluvium 1814:process. 1801:Alluvium 1691:Alluvium 1624:Toboggan 1578:Location 1435:Sandstone 1279:Cabriolet 1099:Flintlock 1066:Flintlock 1033:Whetstone 1010:Palanquin 1000:Whetstone 967:Whetstone 934:Whetstone 812:Klickitat 713:Anacostia 613:Location 607:Test name 521:naturally 366:terajoule 201:Nicaragua 179:Proposals 154:Rationale 106:vibroseis 91:R-process 83:tight gas 4310:Colorado 4301:Amchitka 4213:Carlsbad 4041:Plumbbob 3992:Latchkey 3948:Guardian 3940:Cannikin 3913:Fusileer 3892:Fishbowl 3862:Crosstie 3785:Aqueduct 3466:(CD-ROM) 3440:(1988), 3208:July 22, 2977:April 2, 2954:April 2, 2778:(2011), 2703:cite web 2535:See also 2490:1969–70 2402:1968–70 2388:1967–68 2293:Flivver 2281:1965–70 2248:Dogsled 2228:Carryall 2212:Phaeton 2133:Purpose 2101:Unknown 2098:Unknown 2078:Unknown 2072:Unknown 2049:Unknown 2029:Tugboat 1820:Rowboat 1786:Scooter 1778:Unknown 1722:Unknown 1719:Unknown 1716:Unknown 1702:Plowboy 1662:Unknown 1425:Colorado 1378:Schooner 1345:Stoddard 1335:Crosstie 1302:Crosstie 1295:Rhyolite 1268:Crosstie 1242:Gasbuggy 1231:Crosstie 1224:Alluvium 1198:Latchkey 1165:Latchkey 1158:Alluvium 1132:Latchkey 1092:Alluvium 1026:Rhyolite 927:Alluvium 894:Alluvium 861:Alluvium 795:Alluvium 779:Tornillo 762:Alluvium 695:Alluvium 570:kilotons 424:for the 414:Gasbuggy 321:Carlsbad 247:Caltrans 206:aquifers 4356:Related 4154:Trinity 4119:Sunbeam 4105:Sculpin 4084:Redwing 4034:Phalanx 4020:Niblick 4006:Mandrel 3934:Grommet 3906:Fulcrum 3869:Dominic 3848:Cresset 3813:Bowline 3806:Bedrock 3413:YouTube 2517:Travois 2385:Galley 2339:Bronco 2154:Oilsand 2138:Oxcart 2014:Varied 1965:Basalt 1950:Dugout 1939:Basalt 1858:Varied 1832:Varied 1745:Basalt 1587:Medium 1511:Grommet 1488:Miniata 1478:Mandrel 1442:Mandrel 1412:Rulison 1401:Bowline 1388:Crater 1368:Bowline 1322:Crater 1289:Crater 1043:Templar 1020:Crater 944:Handcar 901:Niblick 868:Niblick 835:Niblick 802:Niblick 689:Crater 566:kiloton 426:Rulison 362:kiloton 343:physics 337:neutron 286:in situ 257:in the 210:Arizona 189:Chariot 140:fallout 4358:topics 4294:Alaska 4227:Nevada 4182:Wigwam 4140:Toggle 4126:Teapot 4112:Storax 4077:Ranger 4027:Nougat 3827:Castle 3564:, OSTI 3520: 3499: 3448: 3426: 3332:524871 3330: 2900: 2859: 2821: 2613: 2353:Sloop 2198:Coach 2046:Water 1846:Yo-Yo 1756:Pinot 1590:Yield 1549:Toggle 1536:Shaft 1498:Shaft 1465:Shaft 1429:Shaft 1355:Shaft 1328:Basalt 1255:Shaft 1218:Shaft 1208:Marvel 1185:Shaft 1175:Switch 1152:Shaft 1119:Shaft 1086:Shaft 1076:Vulcan 1053:Shaft 993:Basalt 987:Shaft 954:Shaft 921:Shaft 888:Shaft 855:Shaft 822:Shaft 789:Shaft 756:Shaft 746:Kaweah 736:Storax 723:Shaft 702:Storax 664:Nougat 651:Shaft 622:Medium 432:test. 293:rubble 4331:Other 4322:Rifle 4194:areas 3985:Julin 3885:Emery 3799:Argus 3792:Arbor 3778:Anvil 3659:(PDF) 3641:(PDF) 3634:(PDF) 3611:(PDF) 3562:(PDF) 3549:(PDF) 3542:(PDF) 3374:(PDF) 3202:(PDF) 3195:(PDF) 3142:(PDF) 2948:(PDF) 2647:(PDF) 2569:Notes 2522:1970 2504:1971 2487:Yawl 2472:1969 2458:1969 2444:1969 2441:Utah 2427:Wasp 2374:1967 2323:Ketch 2267:1964 2251:1964 2233:1963 2215:1963 2201:1963 2187:1961 2173:1959 2159:1959 2141:1959 2127:Date 2124:Name 1665:Tuff 1650:Hobo 1593:Note 1581:Type 1575:Date 1312:Buggy 1142:Simms 1109:Saxon 977:Sulky 676:Sedan 638:Gnome 616:Type 562:Taiga 382:Sedan 364:(435 329:steam 49:Sedan 4192:Test 3570:2016 3531:2016 3518:ISBN 3497:ISBN 3474:2016 3446:ISBN 3424:ISBN 3328:OSTI 3281:2016 3210:2016 3093:2010 3067:2016 3034:2014 2979:2021 2956:2021 2930:2016 2898:ISBN 2857:ISBN 2819:ISSN 2709:link 2695:2022 2655:2016 2611:ISBN 1504:Tuff 1394:Tuff 1361:Tuff 1191:Tuff 1125:Tuff 1062:0.37 1059:Tuff 897:11.7 828:Tuff 798:0.38 729:Tuff 698:104 657:Salt 610:Date 510:The 479:Time 146:was 3978:Ivy 3615:doi 3411:on 3352:doi 3006:doi 2811:doi 1298:2.3 1227:2.2 1194:3.1 1161:2.3 1128:1.2 1029:4.3 996:0.9 911:Par 878:Dub 845:Ace 732:5.2 376:'s 216:'s 208:in 93:of 4485:: 3957:" 3936:" 3871:" 3630:NV 3592:, 3176:. 3084:. 3053:. 3042:^ 3002:19 3000:. 2996:. 2920:. 2865:. 2817:. 2807:28 2805:. 2801:. 2782:, 2753:^ 2743:. 2705:}} 2701:{{ 2681:. 2625:^ 1769:) 1507:83 1438:43 1423:, 1397:30 1364:31 1264:29 1095:25 963:12 930:38 831:70 451:. 392:. 280:. 150:. 112:. 85:, 4184:" 4180:" 4177:" 4173:" 4170:" 4166:" 4163:" 4159:" 4156:" 4152:" 4149:" 4145:" 4142:" 4138:" 4135:" 4131:" 4128:" 4124:" 4121:" 4117:" 4114:" 4110:" 4107:" 4103:" 4100:" 4096:" 4093:" 4089:" 4086:" 4082:" 4079:" 4075:" 4072:" 4068:" 4050:" 4046:" 4043:" 4039:" 4036:" 4032:" 4029:" 4025:" 4022:" 4018:" 4015:" 4011:" 4008:" 4004:" 4001:" 3997:" 3994:" 3990:" 3987:" 3983:" 3980:" 3976:" 3973:" 3969:" 3964:" 3960:" 3953:" 3950:" 3946:" 3932:" 3929:" 3925:" 3922:" 3918:" 3915:" 3911:" 3908:" 3904:" 3901:" 3897:" 3894:" 3890:" 3887:" 3883:" 3878:" 3874:" 3867:" 3864:" 3860:" 3857:" 3853:" 3850:" 3846:" 3843:" 3839:" 3836:" 3832:" 3829:" 3825:" 3822:" 3818:" 3815:" 3811:" 3808:" 3804:" 3801:" 3797:" 3794:" 3790:" 3787:" 3783:" 3780:" 3776:" 3755:e 3748:t 3741:v 3728:. 3715:. 3702:. 3689:. 3676:. 3648:. 3623:. 3617:: 3601:. 3585:. 3573:. 3534:. 3506:. 3487:. 3477:. 3455:. 3433:. 3358:. 3354:: 3283:. 3212:. 3180:. 3144:. 3095:. 3069:. 3036:. 3014:. 3008:: 2981:. 2958:. 2932:. 2825:. 2813:: 2747:. 2711:) 2697:. 2668:. 2657:. 2619:. 864:3 765:3 660:3 38:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index