551:
498:
559:
39:
1822:
adjectives, numerals, and certain pronouns). There is also a complete loss of the category of gender, varying on the dialect (Complete loss in Logar and rudimentary masculine and feminine forms remain in
Kaniguram). In Logar most original Ormuri nouns and adjectives have a simple stem ending in a consonant and a few nouns end in unstressed (or rarely stressed) -
1821:
There is a developed system of noun and verb inflections. Nominal parts of speech contains: Three numbers (singular, dual, and plural), three genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), and the verb has two voices (active and middle). There is the elimination of the category of case (loss in nouns,
1813:
and tense-aspect forms based on the present-tense stem. There is also a distinction made between masculine and feminine words based on the past-tense system. Finally, there is a greater number of distinctions between within the system of tense-aspect forms and there are different types of
389:
at the beginning of the 20th century. The Ormur tribe does not occupy an ethnically homogeneous territory. In
Afghanistan, the Ormur people live in mixed communities with both Tajiks and Pashtun. Whereas, in Pakistan, the Ormur people live only with the Pashtuns.
879:
The vowel system of Ormuri is characterized as heterogenous. The language consists of a subsystem of vowels that found native within Ormuri vocabulary, as well as a subsystem of vowels that is considered "borrowed vocabulary." The differences seen between the
575:
There are two dialects of Ormuri; one is spoken in
Kaniguram, Waziristan, which is the more archaic dialect, and the other one in Baraki-Barak, Logar. The Kaniguram dialect is not understood in Baraki-Barak. The linguist
615:
Ormuri was no longer spoken in Baraki Barak, the ancient headquarters of the Ormur tribe. Even a man said to be from this village denied the existence of any other language than
Persian and Pashto in his native
489:
words in his book "Khairul-Bayan." A few of the words that were used within his book were
Nalattti (Pigs), Nmandzak of Mazdak (Mosque), Teshtan (Owner), Burghu (flout), Haramunai (ill-born), etc.
984:
The consonant system varies slightly between both the dialects of
Kaniguram and Logar. The Logar native consonant system contains 25 phonemes, while the Kaniguram system has 27.
1699:
words will have the following syllabic patterns: V, VC, CV, CCV, (C)VCC, CVC, CCVC, CCVCC. Both dialects from
Kaniguram and Logar have similar syllabic structure.
5592:
409:
in Libya and took them to Egypt on their return from expedition. At this time, the King returned from his
Scythian campaign to his capital, Susa. The
417:
to live in, later named Barke. After two thousand three hundred and fifty years, the village was still inhabited in 1891 within the same territory.
4590:
1855:
1769:
At the end of certain words CC occurs as spirant/sonant + occlusive. When separating most words into syllables, a medial CC will be divided:
4189:
4205:
5221:
5173:
1510:
410:
5853:
554:
Districts of Logar province. This image does not include Azra district, located to the east of Khoshi and
Mohammad Agha districts.
4563:
4551:
4313:
4385:
459:. It is known that many of the Ormuri speakers are at least bilingual or trilingual, speaking other tribal languages such as
1560:/ are uncommon in native vocabulary. In both dialects free variation of dental and postalveolar affricates is widespread. /
455:, also called Birki at the time was one of the eleven to twelve tongues that were observed by Babar while in the region of
4583:
1451:
1435:
1375:
563:
274:
5838:
282:
4194:
5848:
4494:
4637:
1867:
1568:
1550:
1331:
1244:
278:
4200:
266:
5214:
1891:
1634:
1562:
1519:
1308:
610:
hills. However, the position of the dialect of Baraki Barak is not strong. Morgenstierne wrote he was told that:
5843:
4978:
4576:
5254:
4469:
1556:
1398:
1323:
1279:
5259:
5163:
1643:
1315:
1235:
330:
190:
1611:
1359:
1142:
1830:. Whereas in Kaniguram, the stem usually ends in a consonant, but both nouns and adjectives may end in -
5207:
1659:
1444:
1390:
1345:
1127:
5669:
5494:
5269:
5113:
4995:
4557:
4535:
1666:
1382:
1338:
1270:
255:
223:
114:
109:
508:
Hikmatyar Burki has also done an MPhil on Ormuri and published his work through the Pashto
Academy.
4444:
1798:
1620:
1196:
1160:
1134:
334:
5734:
5249:
1673:
1412:
1181:
1152:
298:
94:
5244:
5071:
4895:
1405:
1095:
1033:
302:
99:
5815:
5066:
4686:
4671:
4599:
1797:
The language has undergone extensive change in comparison to its ancestral self. For nominal
1490:
1482:
1429:
1188:
1087:
1080:
602:
The dialect of Kaniguram is currently strong, spoken by a relatively prosperous community of
385:
area at the beginning of the 19th century and approximately four to five hundred families in
5652:
5587:
5374:
5148:
5108:
4990:
1206:
402:
314:
4540:
884:
and Kaniguram dialects are mainly based on the quality of vowels instead of the quantity.
8:
5808:
5338:
5291:
5061:
4915:
4820:
4182:
1295:
1220:
1028:
586:
577:
286:
259:
146:
5723:
5700:
5690:
5425:
5311:
4870:
4787:
4426:
4418:
1802:
1023:
182:
5715:
5695:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5614:
5509:
5478:
5436:
5367:
5316:
5286:
5230:
5188:
5178:
5158:
5048:
5043:
4810:
4719:
4666:
4623:
4617:
4490:
4463:
4430:
4381:
1368:
1261:
1174:
1053:
1038:
306:
104:
5744:
5729:
5705:
5640:
5635:
5575:
5570:
5555:
5549:
5533:
5527:
5514:
5472:
5380:
5321:
5306:
5153:
5088:
5023:
4985:
4973:
4958:
4953:
4930:
4905:
4900:
4850:
4800:
4757:
4739:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4694:
4410:
4227:
1048:
1018:
1013:
594:
521:
464:
398:
243:
211:
63:
5685:
5657:
5647:
5600:
5543:
5538:
5519:
5400:
5395:
5343:
5278:
5128:
5118:
5098:
5093:
5083:
5078:
5038:
5033:
4968:
4963:
4920:
4910:
4885:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4840:
4835:
4815:
4805:
4762:
4699:
4676:
4661:
1896:
1469:
1074:
1043:
590:
310:
270:
86:
195:
5804:
5762:
5749:
5452:
5441:
5390:
5333:
5327:
5301:
5296:
5028:
5018:
4943:
4938:
4875:
4825:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4747:
4656:
4529:
4336:
4247:
4134:→ "O God, keep us from misfortune" (literal translation: "From the very worst")
4095:
1114:
881:
533:
382:
362:
318:
289:
of Pashto, but could have been adopted from Ormuri due to its close proximity.
247:
227:
139:
67:
4414:
4285:
1575:Ľubomír (2013) claims there is a voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative .
5832:
5710:
5664:
5580:
5463:
5446:
5053:
4222:
1815:
1593:
1465:
1419:
1352:
1301:
1226:
1120:
1066:
468:
406:
4401:
Scott, D. A. (1984). "Zoroastrian Traces along the Upper Amu Darya (Oxus)".
4380:. Translated by Baart, Joan L.G. Islamabad: Forum for Language Initiatives.
5013:
4648:
1907:
529:
4272:
166:
5755:
5103:
4845:
4347:
1916:
1605:
1588:
541:
537:
366:
251:
53:
4568:
4560:
by The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
4422:
333:, the language of Ormuri is highly threatened. The language is used for
5418:
4795:
4752:
4487:
Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri (Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan, 4)
4290:
1810:
1801:(nouns, adjectives, and pronouns), aspects of the Kaniguram dialect of
1651:
1598:
607:
474:
381:. It is believed that there were eight to ten thousand families in the
354:
258:
language group. The extremely small number of speakers makes Ormuri an
231:
4176:
4171:
5607:
4252:
4103:
1628:
517:
447:
394:
386:
350:
239:
175:
159:
5199:
265:
Ormuri is notable for its unusual sound inventory, which includes a
5560:
4513:
Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages
4508:
4375:
550:
545:
525:
358:
49:
891:
Table 3: Differences in the phonetic form of consonants in Ormuri
497:
5785:
5405:
5360:
4729:
4546:
4403:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
1912:
414:
5565:
5385:
5168:
4948:
4890:
4830:
4724:
4232:
482:
478:
460:
430:
207:
4201:
Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages (Volume 1): Parachi and Ormuri
771:
Table 2: Differences in the phonetic form of vowels in Ormuri
5182:
5005:
4242:
4237:
4217:
3701:
2768:
2583:
2172:
603:
456:
442:
438:
378:
235:
5739:
5123:
4613:
1806:
562:
North (purple) and South (blue) Waziristan and surrounding
558:
349:
language is used by the Ormur/Baraki tribe in parts of the
4318:
Pakistan Journal of Public Administration; Volume 6. No. 2
3888:
3320:
3273:
3050:
3003:
2909:
2862:
2721:
2310:
1981:
1879:
1846:
Ormuri uses the Pashto script with the additional letters
540:. The language is sustained by nearly fifty adherents in
38:
4489:. National Institute of Pakistani Studies, 176 pp.
1805:
has completely been lost in the Logar. In terms of the
887:
The system is based on six phonemes: i, e, a, å, o, u.
589:, the vocabulary of Logar has been influenced by other
281:(the voiceless being contrastive with the more common
3989:
3940:
3936:
3855:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3751:
3654:
3607:
3560:
3513:
3464:
3415:
3367:
2956:
2815:
2674:
2536:
2401:
2263:
2125:
2078:
2031:
401:; Governor of Egypt conquered the Greek colonies of
4445:"Pashto Academy Peshawar :: پښتو اکېډمي پېښور"
4094:will represent examples from the Ormuri dialect of
528:. A small population also speaks it in the town of
262:that is considered to be in a "threatened" state.
5830:
4564:Word list of terms in Ormuri and other languages
1809:, there is a greater variety of conjugations of
765:
361:. The language is also used in a small part of
4515:(PhD). Prague: Charles University. p. 59.
4451:. Archived from the original on March 18, 2019
377:An alternate name used by the Ormur people is
218:; literally, "Ormuri language") also known as
5215:
4584:
4273:"Ormuri language, alphabet and pronunciation"
437:). The first man to have made mention of the
4069:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4023:
4009:
3981:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3874:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3505:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3456:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1974:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1946:
1872:
1860:
1848:
544:and around five to six thousand speakers in
393:Early history of the tribe can be traced in
5222:
5208:
4591:
4577:
4314:"Dying Languages; Special Focus on Ormuri"
516:Ormuri is spoken primarily in the town of
511:
477:(Bayazid Khan) was one of the first known
37:
4598:
4152:→ "Tomorrow I shall probably go to Kabul"
585:While Kaniguram has borrowed freely from
4481:
4479:
557:
549:
496:
4377:The Ormuri Language in Past and Present
4190:The Ormuri Language in Past and Present
627:Table 1: Lexical differences in Ormuri
269:that does not exist in the surrounding
16:Iranian language spoken in Central Asia
5831:
4195:Linguistic Survey of India (Volume 10)
621:
5229:
5203:
4572:
4506:
4476:
4400:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4332:
4330:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4303:
1010:
593:, and, to a still greater extent, by
4541:Ormuri and Parachi Language Analysis
4373:
1690:
4532:at The Endangered Languages Project
4070:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4024:
4010:
3982:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3875:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3506:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3457:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1975:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1947:
1873:
1861:
1849:
564:Federally Administered Tribal Areas
283:voiceless palato-alveolar fricative
215:
13:
5814:Languages between parentheses are
4394:
4352:
4341:
4327:
4300:
4279:
4143:→ "The house is being built by me"
606:in an isolated part of the rugged
504:A historical examination of Ormuri
420:
324:
14:
5865:
4523:
4509:"Other Eastern Iranian Languages"
1672:
1665:
1658:
1642:
1633:
1619:
1610:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1518:
1489:
1481:
1450:
1443:
1434:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1389:
1381:
1374:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1322:
1314:
1307:
1278:
1269:
1243:
1234:
1205:
1195:
1187:
1180:
1159:
1151:
1141:
1133:
1126:
1094:
1086:
1079:
292:
279:voiced alveolo-palatal fricatives
220:Baraki, Ormur, Ormui or Bargista
5788:(unknown further classification)
234:. It is primarily spoken by the
5854:Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
4500:
481:prose writers and composers of
372:
297:Ormuri is classified under the
5818:of the language on their left.
4437:
4265:
4132:xodåay-an bad-e badtarin såton
4125:→ "(This) man has been beaten"
1841:
337:, however it is losing users.
254:. The language belongs to the
27:Baraki, Ormur, Ormui, Bargista
1:
4258:
4086:
1792:
992:
766:Differences in phonetic forms
429:) is originally derived from
4536:Ormuri and Bargista Language
4337:Endangered Languages Project
4197:: Ormuri at pages 123 to 325
4165:
4102:will be used to signify the
4037:
3998:
3949:
3897:
3864:
3816:
3760:
3710:
3663:
3616:
3569:
3522:
3473:
3424:
3376:
3329:
3282:
3235:
3191:
3147:
3103:
3059:
3012:
2965:
2918:
2871:
2824:
2777:
2730:
2683:
2636:
2592:
2545:
2498:
2454:
2410:
2363:
2319:
2272:
2225:
2181:
2134:
2087:
2040:
1993:
1936:
987:
397:' book. The Persian Emperor
331:Endangered Languages Project
7:
4211:
1702:
570:
492:
485:alphabets who used several
285:), which also exist in the
10:
5870:
4485:Daniel G. Hallberg (1992)
4316:. Originally published in
4141:a-nar by pa mun ǰoṛawak sa
1566:/ usually corresponds to /
340:
335:face-to-face communication
5839:Eastern Iranian languages
5795:
5778:
5678:
5502:
5493:
5352:
5277:
5268:
5237:
5141:
5004:
4929:
4786:
4738:
4685:
4647:
4632:
4606:
4558:Ormuri History and Origin
4468:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4415:10.1017/S0035869X00163567
1911:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1887:
1641:
1618:
1597:
1578:
1464:
1428:
1373:
1294:
1219:
1113:
1073:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1032:
1027:
1017:
1012:
189:
173:
157:
152:
136:
83:
73:
59:
45:
36:
31:
26:
21:
5849:Languages of Afghanistan
4150:sabā su az kābul-ki tsom
4116:→ "He went off to Kabul"
413:were given a village in
267:voiceless alveolar trill
224:Eastern Iranian language
5164:Pakistani Sign Language
4507:Novák, Ľubomír (2013).
4296:(subscription required)
512:Geographic distribution
4543:by Georg Morgenstierne
4374:V.A., Efimov (2011) .
4161:→ "Bring my eye drops"
619:
600:
567:
555:
505:
238:people in the town of
5844:Languages of Pakistan
4600:Languages of Pakistan
612:
582:
561:
553:
500:
228:Southeast Afghanistan
5809:historical languages
5149:Indo-Aryan languages
315:Southeastern Iranian
4638:administrative unit
4159:tsami a-dāru irwar!
4114:afo kåbol-ki altsok
892:
772:
628:
622:Lexical differences
578:Georg Morgenstierne
287:Waziristani dialect
260:endangered language
4788:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
4607:Official languages
4554:by Rozi Khan Burki
4320:in December 2001.
4106:dialect of Ormuri
1803:grammatical gender
1683:Only in Kaniguram.
1541:Only in Kaniguram.
890:
770:
626:
568:
556:
506:
425:The name 'Ormur' (
273:. Ormuri also has
5826:
5825:
5774:
5773:
5489:
5488:
5231:Iranian languages
5197:
5196:
5137:
5136:
4387:978-969-9437-02-1
4294:(18th ed., 2015)
4206:Clitics of Ormuri
4177:Qawaid e Bargistā
4084:
4083:
1901:Contextual forms
1807:verbal morphology
1691:Syllabic Patterns
1680:
1679:
1538:
1537:
1371:
1304:
1264:
1229:
1177:
1123:
980:
979:
875:
874:
761:
760:
329:According to the
321:language groups.
201:
200:
79:6,000 (2004)
5861:
5670:Zoroastrian Dari
5500:
5499:
5275:
5274:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5201:
5200:
5159:Iranic languages
5154:Dardic languages
4969:Pothwari Punjabi
4740:Gilgit-Baltistan
4645:
4644:
4641:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4570:
4569:
4547:Ormuri Phonetics
4517:
4516:
4504:
4498:
4483:
4474:
4473:
4467:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4371:
4350:
4345:
4339:
4334:
4325:
4311:
4298:
4297:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4269:
4228:Parachi language
4123:a-saṛay dzok šuk
4074:
4073:
4072:
4065:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4013:
4012:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3977:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3933:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3878:
3877:
3852:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3796:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3748:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3698:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3651:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3604:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3557:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3501:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3452:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3412:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3364:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3317:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3270:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3182:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3094:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3047:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3000:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2953:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2906:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2859:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2812:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2765:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2718:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2671:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2627:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2580:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2533:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2489:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2445:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2354:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2307:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2260:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2169:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2122:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1885:
1884:
1876:
1875:
1864:
1863:
1852:
1851:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1646:
1637:
1623:
1614:
1583:
1582:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1522:
1513:
1493:
1485:
1476:
1454:
1447:
1438:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1378:
1367:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1326:
1318:
1311:
1300:
1282:
1273:
1260:
1247:
1238:
1225:
1209:
1199:
1191:
1184:
1173:
1163:
1155:
1145:
1137:
1130:
1119:
1098:
1090:
1083:
1069:
1062:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1000:
893:
889:
773:
769:
629:
625:
522:South Waziristan
399:Darius Hystaspes
244:South Waziristan
217:
185:
169:
162:
142:
89:
64:South Waziristan
41:
19:
18:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5859:
5858:
5829:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5821:
5791:
5770:
5674:
5485:
5348:
5264:
5233:
5228:
5198:
5193:
5179:Pakistani Hindi
5133:
5000:
4925:
4866:Kohistani Shina
4836:Indus Kohistani
4782:
4734:
4681:
4677:Pahari-Pothwari
4635:
4634:
4633:Other languages
4628:
4602:
4597:
4552:Ormuri Alphabet
4526:
4521:
4520:
4505:
4501:
4484:
4477:
4461:
4460:
4454:
4452:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4399:
4395:
4388:
4372:
4353:
4346:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4312:
4301:
4295:
4284:
4280:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4261:
4214:
4168:
4089:
4068:
4022:
3980:
3504:
3455:
1897:Transliteration
1844:
1818:constructions.
1795:
1705:
1693:
1581:
1509:
1474:
1065:
1060:
1037:
1022:
1006:
1002:
998:
996:
995:
990:
768:
624:
591:Pashto dialects
573:
514:
495:
423:
421:Ormuri language
375:
343:
327:
325:Language status
311:Eastern Iranian
295:
256:Eastern-Iranian
210:: اورموړی ژبه;
181:
165:
158:
143:
138:
132:
90:
87:Language family
85:
76:
75:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
5867:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5824:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5812:
5797:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5763:Middle Persian
5759:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5727:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5682:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5650:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5638:
5636:Semnani proper
5633:
5628:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5585:
5584:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5553:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5512:
5506:
5504:
5497:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5449:
5444:
5422:
5415:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5383:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5272:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5255:Middle Iranian
5252:
5247:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5227:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5204:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5143:
5142:Related topics
5139:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5010:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4935:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4792:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4744:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4691:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4653:
4651:
4642:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4596:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4549:
4544:
4538:
4533:
4525:
4524:External links
4522:
4519:
4518:
4499:
4475:
4436:
4409:(2): 217–228.
4393:
4386:
4351:
4340:
4326:
4299:
4278:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4248:Logar Province
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4192:
4187:
4174:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4153:
4144:
4135:
4126:
4117:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3987:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3954:
3952:
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3934:
3927:
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3886:
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3872:
3869:
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3863:
3862:
3859:
3853:
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3797:
3790:
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3591:
3584:
3577:
3574:
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3568:
3567:
3564:
3558:
3551:
3544:
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3530:
3527:
3525:
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3520:
3517:
3511:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
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3468:
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3399:
3392:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3375:
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3371:
3365:
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3344:
3337:
3334:
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3328:
3327:
3324:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3287:
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3280:
3277:
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3264:
3257:
3250:
3243:
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3238:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3196:
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3190:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
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3054:
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3027:
3020:
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3015:
3011:
3010:
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3001:
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2870:
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2853:
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2829:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2782:
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2776:
2775:
2772:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2503:
2501:
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2496:
2493:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2459:
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2453:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1966:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1843:
1840:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1704:
1701:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:Only in Logar.
1684:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1638:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1615:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1546:
1545:
1544:Only in Logar.
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1516:
1514:
1506:
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1448:
1441:
1439:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1232:
1230:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1203:
1201:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1031:
1026:
1016:
1011:
994:
991:
989:
986:
978:
977:
972:
967:
963:
962:
957:
952:
948:
947:
942:
937:
933:
932:
927:
922:
918:
917:
912:
907:
903:
902:
899:
896:
873:
872:
867:
862:
858:
857:
852:
847:
843:
842:
837:
832:
828:
827:
822:
817:
813:
812:
807:
802:
798:
797:
792:
787:
783:
782:
779:
776:
767:
764:
759:
758:
753:
748:
744:
743:
738:
733:
729:
728:
723:
718:
714:
713:
708:
703:
699:
698:
693:
688:
684:
683:
678:
673:
669:
668:
663:
658:
654:
653:
648:
643:
639:
638:
635:
632:
623:
620:
572:
569:
534:Logar Province
513:
510:
494:
491:
445:, in his book
422:
419:
374:
371:
363:Logar Province
342:
339:
326:
323:
319:Ormuri-Parachi
294:
293:Classification
291:
199:
198:
193:
187:
186:
179:
171:
170:
163:
155:
154:
153:Language codes
150:
149:
144:
140:Writing system
137:
134:
133:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
115:Ormuri–Parachi
93:
91:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
61:
57:
56:
47:
46:Native to
43:
42:
34:
33:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5866:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5806:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5794:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5777:
5765:
5764:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5735:Caucasian Tat
5733:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5551:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5423:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5351:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5245:Proto-Iranian
5243:
5242:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5225:
5220:
5218:
5213:
5211:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5190:
5187:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5140:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5003:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4631:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4594:
4589:
4587:
4582:
4580:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4514:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4495:969-8023-14-3
4492:
4488:
4482:
4480:
4471:
4465:
4450:
4446:
4440:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4397:
4389:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4349:
4344:
4338:
4333:
4331:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4274:
4268:
4264:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4223:Waziri Pashto
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4172:Ormuri Primer
4170:
4169:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4079:
4076:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4033:
4030:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3720:
3719:(over vowel)
3716:
3714:
3711:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3231:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2494:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1967:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1853:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1001:
985:
982:
976:
973:
971:
968:
965:
964:
961:
958:
956:
953:
950:
949:
946:
943:
941:
938:
935:
934:
931:
928:
926:
923:
920:
919:
916:
913:
911:
908:
905:
904:
900:
897:
895:
894:
888:
885:
883:
877:
871:
868:
866:
863:
860:
859:
856:
853:
851:
848:
845:
844:
841:
838:
836:
833:
830:
829:
826:
823:
821:
818:
815:
814:
811:
808:
806:
803:
800:
799:
796:
793:
791:
788:
785:
784:
780:
777:
775:
774:
763:
757:
754:
752:
749:
746:
745:
742:
739:
737:
734:
731:
730:
727:
724:
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719:
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664:
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631:
630:
618:
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611:
609:
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597:
596:
592:
588:
587:Waziri Pashto
581:
579:
566:and provinces
565:
560:
552:
548:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
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441:language was
440:
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348:
338:
336:
332:
322:
320:
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308:
304:
300:
299:Indo-European
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
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241:
237:
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108:
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101:
98:
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96:
95:Indo-European
92:
88:
82:
78:
72:
69:
65:
62:
58:
55:
51:
48:
44:
40:
35:
30:
25:
20:
5800:
5761:
5754:
5722:
5613:
5606:
5599:
5548:
5526:
5471:
5462:
5451:
5431:
5424:
5417:
5412:
5373:
5366:
5359:
5326:
4880:
4672:Kundal Shahi
4649:Azad Kashmir
4512:
4502:
4486:
4453:. Retrieved
4448:
4439:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4376:
4343:
4321:
4317:
4289:
4281:
4267:
4180:
4158:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4122:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4099:
4091:
4090:
3718:
1988:
1871:
1859:
1847:
1845:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1796:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1696:
1694:
1574:
1572:/ in Logar.
1547:
983:
981:
974:
969:
959:
954:
944:
939:
929:
924:
914:
909:
886:
878:
876:
869:
864:
854:
849:
839:
834:
824:
819:
809:
804:
794:
789:
762:
755:
750:
740:
735:
725:
720:
710:
705:
695:
690:
680:
675:
665:
660:
650:
645:
614:
613:
601:
584:
583:
574:
530:Baraki Barak
515:
507:
501:
486:
473:
471:, or Kaboli
452:
446:
434:
426:
424:
392:
376:
373:Ormuri tribe
346:
344:
328:
303:Indo-Iranian
296:
264:
219:
203:
202:
174:
147:Perso-Arabic
119:
100:Indo-Iranian
5756:Old Persian
5588:Mazanderani
5375:Khwarezmian
5260:New Iranian
5250:Old Iranian
4846:Kalasha-mun
4687:Balochistan
4077:Əi əi, Y y
4031:Ay ay, Y y
1882:/ :
1842:Orthography
1430:Approximant
795:tsek, tsyek
542:Afghanistan
538:Afghanistan
367:Afghanistan
252:Afghanistan
216:زبان ارموری
54:Afghanistan
5833:Categories
5419:Sarghulami
5339:Yazghulami
5292:Ishkashimi
5109:Rajasthani
4991:Rajasthani
4821:Gawar-Bati
4796:Burushaski
4753:Burushaski
4455:2021-04-10
4449:khyber.org
4348:Ethnologue
4322:Khyber.ORG
4291:Ethnologue
4259:References
4183:Hindustani
3866:kajīra he
3712:nūn ğunna
1799:morphology
1793:Morphology
1774:al-gox-tok
1729:- mountain
1067:labialised
993:Consonants
901:Kaniguram
781:Kaniguram
702:'shepherd'
637:Kaniguram
608:Waziristan
502:In Pashto:
475:Pir Roshan
355:Waziristan
353:Valley in
232:Waziristan
226:spoken in
5816:varieties
5803:indicate
5724:Pahlavani
5716:Bakhtiari
5701:Kuhmareyi
5691:Bashkardi
5608:Old Azeri
5312:Sanglechi
4871:Mankiyali
4431:163761565
4253:Kaniguram
4166:Resources
4104:Kaniguram
1904:Isolated
1788:- to come
1776:- to fall
1717:- so much
1511:fricative
1302:voiceless
1296:Fricative
1227:voiceless
1221:Affricate
1121:voiceless
1034:Post-alv.
1029:Retroflex
988:Phonology
518:Kaniguram
448:Baburnama
433:(meaning
395:Herodotus
387:Kaniguram
351:Kaniguram
275:voiceless
240:Kaniguram
176:Glottolog
160:ISO 639-3
5745:Hazaragi
5696:Garmsiri
5631:Sangsari
5626:Lasgerdi
5615:Parthian
5593:Tabaroid
5561:Kurmanji
5510:Ashtiani
5479:Yaghnobi
5437:Ossetian
5426:Scythian
5401:Southern
5396:Northern
5368:Bactrian
5317:Sarikoli
5287:Bartangi
5189:Chagatai
5072:Wadiyara
5049:Jandavra
5044:Gujarati
4979:dialects
4901:Shekhani
4811:Chilisso
4720:Khetrani
4710:Hazaragi
4667:Kashmiri
4618:national
4464:cite web
4423:25211708
4212:See also
4087:Examples
3768:w, u, o
1987:U+0627,
1933:Initial
1816:ergative
1759:- burned
1723:- father
1703:Examples
1024:Alveolar
861:'to sit'
747:'to fly'
571:Dialects
546:Pakistan
526:Pakistan
493:Research
359:Pakistan
183:ormu1247
50:Pakistan
5805:extinct
5801:Italics
5786:Badeshi
5730:Persian
5706:Kumzari
5648:Taleshi
5641:Sorkhei
5621:Semnani
5576:Kordali
5556:Kurdish
5550:Gorgani
5528:Daylami
5520:Makrani
5515:Balochi
5495:Western
5473:Sogdian
5432:Alanian
5406:Wanetsi
5391:Central
5381:Parachi
5361:Avestan
5322:Shughni
5307:Roshani
5270:Eastern
5238:History
5174:Persian
5089:Marwari
5067:Parkari
5024:Bengali
4986:Saraiki
4974:Punjabi
4959:Marwari
4954:Kabutra
4906:Torwali
4856:Kamviri
4851:Kalkoti
4801:Badeshi
4758:Dawoodi
4730:Wanetsi
4715:Jadgali
4705:Dehwari
4695:Balochi
4624:English
4080:U+0626
4034:U+06CC
3995:U+06D0
3946:U+064A
3894:U+06C0
3861:U+0647
3858:h, A a
3813:U+0648
3757:U+06BA
3707:U+06BC
3660:U+0646
3613:U+0645
3566:U+0644
3519:U+06AB
3470:U+06A9
3421:U+0642
3373:U+0641
3326:U+063A
3279:U+0639
3232:U+0638
3188:U+0637
3144:U+0636
3100:U+0635
3056:U+076D
3009:U+0634
2962:U+0633
2915:U+076B
2868:U+0698
2821:U+0632
2774:U+0693
2727:U+0692
2680:U+0631
2633:U+0630
2589:U+0689
2542:U+062F
2495:U+0681
2451:U+0685
2407:U+062E
2360:U+062D
2316:U+0686
2269:U+062C
2222:U+062B
2178:U+067C
2131:U+062A
2084:U+067E
2037:U+0628
1989:U+0622
1930:Medial
1924:Symbol
1913:Unicode
1870:/ and
1765:- beard
1735:- eight
1695:Proper
1594:Central
1554:/ and /
1054:Glottal
1039:Palatal
960:pa-beža
955:pa-bega
951:'above'
921:'three'
846:'water'
816:'house'
786:'to go'
732:'place'
726:šhak(k)
642:'blind'
595:Persian
580:wrote:
465:Persian
415:Bactria
411:Barakis
341:History
307:Iranian
212:Persian
110:Eastern
105:Iranian
32:اورموړی
5779:Others
5686:Achomi
5658:Tatoid
5601:Median
5571:Xwarin
5566:Sorani
5544:Gorani
5539:Gilaki
5453:Jassic
5413:Ormuri
5386:Pashto
5353:Others
5344:Yidgha
5169:Arabic
5129:Vaghri
5119:Sindhi
5114:Rangri
5099:Mewari
5094:Memoni
5084:Loarki
5079:Kutchi
5039:Goaria
5034:Dhatki
4996:Rangri
4964:Mewari
4949:Hindko
4931:Punjab
4921:Yidgha
4911:Ushoji
4891:Pashto
4886:Palula
4881:Ormuri
4861:Khowar
4841:Kalami
4831:Hindko
4816:Dameli
4806:Bateri
4763:Khowar
4725:Pashto
4700:Brahui
4662:Gujari
4530:Ormuri
4493:
4429:
4421:
4384:
4286:Ormuri
4243:Baraki
4233:Waneci
4100:"Kan."
4092:"Log."
4006:ay, y
2492:Dz dz
2448:Ts ts
1927:Final
1786:er-zåk
1780:kir-ží
1753:- burn
1715:un/wun
1711:- this
1697:Ormuri
1579:Vowels
1369:voiced
1262:voiced
1175:voiced
1049:Uvular
1019:Dental
1014:Labial
997:": -->
966:'snow'
898:Logar
870:nástak
865:nóstok
778:Logar
756:buryék
717:'comb'
687:'flea'
657:'soft'
634:Logar
616:place.
487:Ormuri
483:Pashto
479:Pashto
461:Pashto
453:Ormuri
439:Baraki
431:Pashto
407:Cyrene
379:Baraki
347:Ormuri
317:, and
271:Pashto
222:is an
208:Pashto
204:Ormuri
196:Ormuri
120:Ormuri
60:Region
22:Ormuri
5750:Tajik
5679:South
5503:North
5442:Digor
5334:Wakhi
5328:Vanji
5302:Munji
5297:Khufi
5279:Pamir
5183:Hindi
5062:Kachi
5058:Koli
5029:Bhaya
5019:Bagri
5006:Sindh
4944:Dogri
4939:Bagri
4916:Wazir
4876:Munji
4826:Gowro
4778:Wakhi
4773:Shina
4768:Purgi
4748:Balti
4657:Dogri
4427:S2CID
4419:JSTOR
4238:Burki
4218:Ormur
4156:Kan.:
4147:Kan.:
4138:Kan.:
4129:Log.:
4120:Log.:
4111:Log.:
4096:Logar
3905:y, i
3824:h, a
3765:, ,
3284:ğayn
3105:zwād
3061:swād
2456:dzim
1938:alif
1908:Latin
1888:Name
1858:/ ,
1811:modal
1782:- hen
1763:wroxt
1757:broxt
1747:- dog
1606:Close
1589:Front
1475:plain
1470:Trill
1075:Nasal
1061:plain
1044:Velar
936:'six'
906:'one'
882:Logar
831:'dry'
801:'one'
751:parók
741:jikak
706:čopan
681:rawas
672:'fox'
604:Ormur
457:Kabul
443:Babar
427:orməṛ
403:Barca
383:Logar
248:Logar
236:Burki
68:Logar
5740:Dari
5711:Luri
5665:Zaza
5653:Tati
5581:Laki
5534:Fars
5464:Saka
5447:Iron
5124:Urdu
5054:Jogi
4896:Sawi
4636:(by
4614:Urdu
4491:ISBN
4470:link
4382:ISBN
4098:and
3762:wāw
3665:ṇun
3618:nun
3571:mim
3524:lām
3475:gāp
3426:kāp
3378:qāp
3237:ayn
3229:Z z
3193:zwe
3185:T t
3149:twe
3141:Z z
3097:S s
3014:śin
2967:šin
2920:sin
2630:Z z
2594:zāl
2547:ḍāl
2500:dāl
2412:tse
2357:H h
2227:jim
2219:S s
1834:or -
1826:or -
1751:breš
1745:spok
1741:- we
1652:Open
1599:Back
1115:Stop
999:edit
975:ɣoř
840:wyok
790:tsok
721:šåná
711:šwān
691:kayk
676:roba
666:nořh
661:narm
651:wond
469:Dari
435:fire
405:and
345:The
277:and
246:and
230:and
66:and
5807:or
5014:Aer
4411:doi
4407:116
4288:at
4181:in
4056:ـئـ
4044:əi
4039:ye
4003:,
4000:ye
3968:ـېـ
3951:ye
3939:y,
3917:ـيـ
3902:,
3899:ye
3836:ـهـ
3821:,
3818:he
3806:u,
3802:w,
3732:ـنـ
3682:ـڼـ
3635:ـنـ
3588:ـمـ
3541:ـلـ
3492:ـګـ
3443:ـکـ
3396:ـقـ
3381:/
3348:ـفـ
3331:fe
3301:ـغـ
3254:ـعـ
3210:ـظـ
3166:ـطـ
3122:ـضـ
3078:ـصـ
3031:ـݭـ
2984:ـشـ
2937:ـسـ
2873:źe
2826:že
2779:ze
2732:ṛe
2685:ře
2638:re
2473:ـځـ
2461:dz
2429:ـڅـ
2417:ts
2382:ـخـ
2365:xe
2338:ـحـ
2321:he
2291:ـچـ
2274:če
2244:ـجـ
2200:ـثـ
2183:se
2153:ـټـ
2136:ṭe
2106:ـتـ
2089:te
2059:ـپـ
2042:pe
2012:ـبـ
1995:be
1960:آ,
1917:Hex
1892:IPA
1739:måx
1733:åxt
1727:gri
1629:Mid
1557:d͡ʒ
1551:t͡ʃ
1466:Tap
1280:d͡ʒ
1271:d͡z
1245:t͡ʃ
1236:t͡s
970:ɣoš
855:wak
850:wok
835:wuk
825:nar
820:ner
736:jåy
696:řak
646:kor
532:in
520:in
242:in
191:ELP
167:oru
5835::
5104:Od
4511:.
4478:^
4466:}}
4462:{{
4447:.
4425:.
4417:.
4405:.
4354:^
4329:^
4302:^
4063:ئـ
4049:ـئ
4019:ـ
4016:ـ
4011:ـی
3992:e
3975:ېـ
3961:ـې
3956:e
3943:i
3924:يـ
3910:ـي
3891:ə
3885:ۀ
3876:ـۀ
3871:ə
3843:هـ
3829:ـه
3810:o
3780:ـو
3773:ـو
3754:n
3739:نـ
3717:̃
3704:ṇ
3689:ڼـ
3675:ـڼ
3670:ṇ
3657:n
3642:نـ
3628:ـن
3623:n
3610:m
3595:مـ
3581:ـم
3576:m
3563:l
3548:لـ
3534:ـل
3529:l
3516:g
3499:ګـ
3485:ـګ
3480:g
3467:k
3450:کـ
3436:ـک
3431:k
3418:q
3403:قـ
3389:ـق
3384:q
3370:f
3355:فـ
3341:ـف
3336:f
3323:ğ
3308:غـ
3294:ـغ
3289:ğ
3276:ā
3261:عـ
3247:ـع
3242:ā
3217:ظـ
3203:ـظ
3198:z
3173:طـ
3159:ـط
3154:t
3129:ضـ
3115:ـض
3110:z
3085:صـ
3071:ـص
3066:s
3053:ś
3038:ݭـ
3024:ـݭ
3019:ś
3006:š
2991:شـ
2977:ـش
2972:š
2959:s
2944:سـ
2930:ـس
2925:s
2912:ź
2890:ـݫ
2883:ـݫ
2878:ź
2865:ž
2843:ـژ
2836:ـژ
2831:ž
2818:z
2796:ـز
2789:ـز
2784:z
2771:ṛ
2749:ـړ
2742:ـړ
2737:ṛ
2724:ř
2702:ـڒ
2695:ـڒ
2690:ř
2677:r
2655:ـر
2648:ـر
2643:r
2611:ـذ
2604:ـذ
2599:z
2586:ḍ
2564:ـډ
2557:ـډ
2552:ḍ
2539:d
2517:ـد
2510:ـد
2505:d
2480:ځـ
2466:ـځ
2436:څـ
2422:ـڅ
2404:x
2389:خـ
2375:ـخ
2370:x
2345:حـ
2331:ـح
2326:h
2313:č
2298:چـ
2284:ـچ
2279:č
2266:j
2251:جـ
2237:ـج
2232:j
2207:ثـ
2193:ـث
2188:s
2175:ṭ
2160:ټـ
2146:ـټ
2141:ṭ
2128:t
2113:تـ
2099:ـت
2094:t
2081:p
2066:پـ
2052:ـپ
2047:p
2034:b
2019:بـ
2005:ـب
2000:b
1984:ā
1973:,
1955:ـا
1948:ـا
1943:ā
1919:)
1856:r̝
1838:.
1721:pe
1563:r̝
1520:r̝
1494:)
1420:ʁʷ
1394:)
1353:χʷ
1327:)
1200:)
1164:)
1146:)
1099:)
945:ša
940:xo
930:ři
925:šo
915:sa
910:še
810:sa
805:še
536:,
524:,
467:,
463:,
451:.
369:.
365:,
357:,
313:,
309:,
305:,
301:,
250:,
214::
52:,
5811:.
5223:e
5216:t
5209:v
5185:)
5181:(
4640:)
4620:)
4616:(
4592:e
4585:t
4578:v
4497:.
4472:)
4458:.
4433:.
4413::
4390:.
4324:.
4275:.
4186:)
4179:(
4071:ئ
4025:ی
3990:E
3983:ې
3941:I
3937:Y
3931:ي
3889:Ə
3856:H
3850:ه
3808:O
3804:U
3800:W
3794:و
3787:و
3752:N
3746:ں
3725:ں
3702:Ṇ
3696:ڼ
3655:N
3649:ن
3608:M
3602:م
3561:L
3555:ل
3514:G
3507:ګ
3465:K
3458:ک
3416:Q
3410:ق
3368:F
3362:ف
3321:Ğ
3315:غ
3274:Ā
3268:ع
3224:ظ
3180:ط
3136:ض
3092:ص
3051:Ś
3045:ݭ
3004:Š
2998:ش
2957:S
2951:س
2910:Ź
2904:ݫ
2897:ݫ
2863:Ž
2857:ژ
2850:ژ
2816:Z
2810:ز
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2722:Ř
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2675:R
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1982:Ā
1976:ا
1970:آ
1963:ا
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1854:/
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