409:
86:
44:
2155:
63:
368:, meaning that it is the only species within the genus. It is called the rattlesnake fern in some parts of North America, due to its habit of growing in places where rattlesnakes are also found. Rattlesnake fern prefers to grow in rich, moist woods in dense shade and will not tolerate direct sunlight.
376:
It is a low growing species, typically being a foot high or smaller. The leaf emerges in the early spring and will senesce in late summer. The leaf is roughly triangularly shaped and 15–50 cm in size and held roughly parallel to the ground. The leaf is 3-4 times pinnately compound, brightly
448:), but was unique within the genus because of chromosome number and other signatures, including the inclusion of presumed mistletoe DNA within its mitochondria. Recent research has established that this plant is sister to all other botrychioid plants, including both the genus
380:
Rattlesnake fern has separate fertile and sterile leaves, when present the sterile leaf arises halfway up the stalk and the fertile leaf exists at the tip. The spores are shed in late spring. Like other ferns rattlesnake fern undergoes
377:
green colored, and feels soft to the touch. The stem is round and bicolor, being pinkish or light tan at the base but greenish nearer the branches or leaves. The diploid number is 184.
431:, has transferred to the mitochondrial genome of this species of fern. It is believed that this transfer may have helped to enable this plant's cosmopolitan global distribution.
774:
Hauk, Warren D.; Parks, Clifford R.; Chase, Mark W. (2003). "Phylogenetic studies of
Ophioglossaceae: evidence from rbcL and trnL-F plastid DNA sequences and morphology".
2917:
693:
2754:
2600:
2570:
2347:
1866:
2780:
2760:
2748:
2522:
2986:
2935:
2820:
2794:
2774:
2688:
2594:
2477:
1854:
2814:
2802:
2788:
2576:
2564:
2546:
2528:
2489:
2483:
2333:
1860:
2975:
2923:
2883:
2808:
2718:
2712:
2700:
2694:
2588:
2582:
2558:
2495:
2706:
2606:
2534:
2420:
1670:
3757:
2361:
2305:
2299:
1872:
3050:
2355:
2293:
2002:
835:
3472:
3041:
2841:
2766:
2196:
2929:
2319:
1682:
2313:
1798:
3822:
3912:
3718:
3423:
2239:
3925:
3770:
3731:
4065:
726:
588:
631:
4060:
3775:
674:
3500:
4035:
4005:
3684:
525:
3669:
828:
17:
690:
4055:
2189:
3601:
3477:
878:
4045:
3938:
3744:
3656:
3449:
3371:
873:
70:
3513:
4070:
4020:
3840:
3956:
2218:
957:
947:
930:
821:
3710:
3697:
3415:
3350:
2244:
2234:
2182:
759:
647:
4050:
3630:
3930:
3736:
464:. That plant was shown to be sister to all other botrychioids, so must be segregated in its own genus.
3951:
3835:
3508:
382:
85:
4030:
4025:
4010:
2229:
813:
472:
This is a wide-ranging species. It abounds in many parts of the United States, in the mountains of
3788:
555:
4040:
3705:
3546:
962:
3827:
730:
592:
4015:
3762:
3692:
3410:
3306:
408:
925:
199:
3490:
2163:
3384:
2158:
1904:
8:
3814:
2540:
1323:
1306:
1216:
1064:
52:
3612:
3977:
3871:
3554:
2341:
2224:
1599:
1350:
1333:
1175:
1059:
1054:
942:
920:
908:
883:
420:
335:
228:
80:
787:
3643:
3485:
3358:
3238:
3177:
3016:
2395:
2389:
2065:
1966:
1954:
1777:
1491:
1311:
1242:
1232:
1162:
952:
915:
903:
893:
799:
791:
627:
3982:
3876:
3661:
3559:
3376:
3253:
3248:
3197:
3187:
3172:
3167:
3153:
2864:
2501:
2463:
1978:
1972:
1936:
1619:
1481:
1366:
1267:
867:
783:
570:
3648:
3363:
220:
177:
3903:
3796:
3635:
3586:
3536:
3464:
3243:
3233:
3099:
3093:
3026:
2856:
2658:
2471:
2457:
2434:
2327:
2070:
2053:
1960:
1486:
1469:
1252:
1211:
1079:
1069:
1049:
697:
678:
501:
359:
355:
150:
140:
3863:
671:
3809:
3329:
3182:
3120:
2893:
2650:
2428:
2373:
2284:
1990:
1930:
1804:
1771:
1729:
1642:
1570:
1565:
1513:
983:
898:
845:
160:
110:
3622:
574:
3999:
3674:
3273:
3065:
3021:
2888:
2874:
2414:
2080:
1924:
1887:
1844:
1757:
1733:
1550:
1272:
1247:
1129:
1074:
795:
216:
3969:
3853:
3526:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3192:
3125:
3115:
3107:
3084:
2991:
2980:
2956:
2941:
2723:
2611:
2552:
2141:
1996:
1984:
1724:
1555:
1545:
1345:
1297:
1170:
803:
3801:
3783:
3595:
3436:
3340:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3141:
3135:
3070:
3060:
3055:
3031:
2966:
2951:
2908:
2898:
2846:
2679:
2640:
2513:
1948:
1942:
1737:
1718:
1676:
1626:
1433:
1376:
1317:
1262:
1195:
1145:
1115:
1097:
1089:
556:"A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns"
554:
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (2011).
43:
3917:
3723:
3428:
3001:
2946:
2832:
2632:
2148:
2075:
2043:
2029:
2012:
1560:
1237:
1026:
1017:
456:, with the exception of a single known species, previously included in
436:
424:
386:
2174:
508:. It is large and succulent and is boiled and eaten in the Himalayas.
3441:
3397:
1813:
1709:
1575:
1459:
1257:
1037:
1006:
485:
477:
428:
397:
393:
348:
3454:
3300:
843:
3964:
3897:
3848:
3749:
3580:
3521:
3323:
2085:
1518:
1501:
937:
452:
sensu stricto – rattlesnake fern, common grapefern – and the genus
3943:
3402:
2038:
1741:
1540:
997:
626:(2 ed.). Philadelphia Pa: University of Pennsylvania press.
497:
493:
419:
Recent research has determined that the mitochondria are genetic
3389:
505:
489:
473:
1432:
2271:
2265:
2024:
1437:
1135:
849:
444:(based on the species' superficial similarities to the genus
97:
2205:
1809:
1528:
481:
351:
130:
120:
1137:
553:
691:
Gene transfer from a parasitic flowering plant to a fern.
434:
This plant has traditionally been included in the genus
851:
741:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
603:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
764:
Flora of North
America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
1659:
1608:
1332:
547:
3997:
1161:
622:Rhoads, Ann; Block, Timothy (5 September 2007).
1840:
1790:
1439:
773:
385:and the form described in this article is the
2190:
981:
829:
767:
621:
2678:
2197:
2183:
2154:
836:
822:
725:
587:
61:
42:
1708:
1457:
407:
403:
2204:
14:
3998:
595:Botrychium virginianum
3305:
3304:
2178:
1431:
817:
776:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
739:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
601:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
396:. In India it is still used to treat
3685:34a32974-44b3-4cf7-ba7a-34fd04f48f48
714:Ferns of Northeastern North America
615:
24:
3514:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30075594-2
640:
25:
4082:
3841:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1106719-2
3957:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:177127-2
2153:
84:
753:
504:, although in no other part of
467:
423:. DNA from some member of the
2164:Current definitions of Plantae
733:B. virginianum
719:
706:
683:
665:
581:
518:
371:
27:North American species of fern
13:
1:
788:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00032-0
511:
712:Cobb, Farsworth & Lowe,
526:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0 -
307:Japanobotrychium virginianum
7:
4066:Taxa named by André Michaux
4061:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
689:Davis, C. C., et al. 2005.
10:
4087:
4036:Ferns of the United States
4006:NatureServe secure species
716:2nd edition, p. 247 (2005)
624:The Plants of Pennsylvania
383:alternation of generations
3887:
3570:
3313:
3226:
3160:
3148:
3134:
3106:
3092:
3083:
3040:
3009:
3000:
2965:
2907:
2873:
2855:
2831:
2743:
2736:
2671:
2649:
2631:
2624:
2512:
2452:
2445:
2406:
2381:
2372:
2282:
2257:
2253:
2213:
2136:
2052:
2011:
1900:
1885:
1836:
1827:
1786:
1766:
1755:
1704:
1695:
1655:
1640:
1636:
1596:
1592:
1527:
1500:
1468:
1453:
1449:
1427:
1375:
1359:
1341:
1295:
1291:
1225:
1204:
1192:
1188:
1157:
1128:
1106:
1088:
1036:
1016:
996:
992:
977:
861:
575:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2
412:Spore-producing frond of
234:
227:
205:
198:
81:Scientific classification
79:
59:
50:
41:
34:
4056:Plants described in 1753
648:"Botrychium virginianum"
534:explorer.natureserve.org
427:, possibly a species of
392:This fern has been used
315:Osmundopteris virginiana
672:Ethnobotanical Leaflets
500:and Russia, and around
488:, and is found also in
4046:Flora of East Himalaya
3602:Botrychium virginianum
3572:Botrychium virginianum
528:Botrychium virginianum
416:
340:Botrychium virginianum
299:Botrychium virginianum
4071:Monotypic fern genera
4021:Ferns of the Americas
2918:Acrostichopteridaceae
411:
404:Taxonomy and genetics
3682:Euro+Med PlantBase:
3315:Botrypus virginianus
2159:List of plant orders
2039:Pinopsida (conifers)
2025:Cycadopsida (cycads)
2017:(living gymnosperms)
1514:Leiosporocerotopsida
1233:Nephroselmidophyceae
414:Botrypus virginianus
356:adders-tongue family
331:Botrypus virginianus
209:Botrypus virginianus
2755:Anachoropteridaceae
2601:Gondwanostachyaceae
2571:Manchurostachyaceae
2541:Archaeocalamitaceae
2348:Pseudosporochnaceae
1867:Archaeopteridopsida
1600:Polysporangiophytes
1324:Klebsormidiophyceae
1307:Mesostigmatophyceae
1253:Chlorodendrophyceae
1217:Pyramimonadophyceae
1171:Prasinodermophyceae
1065:Compsopogonophyceae
480:, in some parts of
343:, sometimes called
191:B. virginianus
53:Conservation status
4051:Ferns of Australia
3889:Osmunda virginiana
3173:Rhachidosoridaceae
2781:Botryopteridiaceae
2761:Psalixochlaenaceae
2749:Anachoropteridales
2523:Asterocalamitaceae
2342:Pseudosporochnales
2058:(flowering plants)
1979:Lyginopteridopsida
1772:Eophyllophytopsida
1725:Zosterophyllopsida
1663:Paratracheophytes*
1441:sensu strictissimo
1351:Coleochaetophyceae
1334:Phragmoplastophyta
1176:Palmophyllophyceae
1098:Glaucocystophyceae
1060:Stylonematophyceae
1055:Porphyridiophyceae
844:Classification of
696:2008-09-08 at the
677:2012-03-16 at the
486:Himalaya Mountains
417:
291:Osmunda virginiana
18:Osmunda virginiana
3993:
3992:
3486:Open Tree of Life
3307:Taxon identifiers
3298:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3239:Didymochlaenaceae
3178:Diplaziopsidaceae
3079:
3078:
3017:Thyrsopteridaceae
3010:Thyrsopteridineae
2987:Hydropteridiaceae
2936:Stachypteridaceae
2821:Urnatopteridaceae
2795:Senftenbergiaceae
2775:Botryopteridiales
2732:
2731:
2689:Knorripteridaceae
2667:
2666:
2620:
2619:
2595:Echinostachyaceae
2478:Aspidostachyaceae
2396:Stauropteridaceae
2382:†Stauropterididae
2172:
2171:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2066:Basal angiosperms
1967:Gigantopteridales
1916:seed plant groups
1914:and other extinct
1881:
1880:
1855:Noeggerathiopsida
1823:
1822:
1778:Trimerophytopsida
1751:
1750:
1691:
1690:
1647:(vascular plants)
1612:Protracheophytes*
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1551:Andreaeobryopsida
1492:Jungermanniopsida
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1312:Chlorokybophyceae
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1243:Chloropicophyceae
1184:
1183:
1163:Prasinodermophyta
1124:
1123:
633:978-0-8122-4003-0
530:Rattlesnake Fern"
362:within the genus
327:
326:
319:
311:
303:
295:
282:
270:
262:
249:
180:
74:
16:(Redirected from
4078:
3986:
3985:
3973:
3972:
3960:
3959:
3947:
3946:
3934:
3933:
3921:
3920:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3880:
3879:
3867:
3866:
3857:
3856:
3844:
3843:
3831:
3830:
3818:
3817:
3805:
3804:
3792:
3791:
3779:
3778:
3766:
3765:
3753:
3752:
3740:
3739:
3727:
3726:
3714:
3713:
3701:
3700:
3688:
3687:
3678:
3677:
3665:
3664:
3652:
3651:
3639:
3638:
3626:
3625:
3616:
3615:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3563:
3562:
3550:
3549:
3540:
3539:
3530:
3529:
3517:
3516:
3504:
3503:
3494:
3493:
3481:
3480:
3468:
3467:
3458:
3457:
3445:
3444:
3432:
3431:
3419:
3418:
3406:
3405:
3393:
3392:
3380:
3379:
3367:
3366:
3354:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3302:
3301:
3254:Nephrolepidaceae
3249:Lomariopsidaceae
3198:Thelypteridaceae
3188:Desmophlebiaceae
3168:Cystopteridaceae
3154:Dennstaedtiaceae
3149:Dennstaedtiineae
3090:
3089:
3007:
3006:
2865:Hymenophyllaceae
2815:Discopteridaceae
2803:Urnatopteridales
2789:Senftenbergiales
2741:
2740:
2676:
2675:
2629:
2628:
2577:Notocalamitaceae
2565:Konnostachyaceae
2547:Paracalamitaceae
2529:Autophyllitaceae
2502:Sphenophyllaceae
2490:Boegendorfiaceae
2484:Boegendorfiaceae
2464:Pseudoborniaceae
2450:
2449:
2390:Stauropteridales
2379:
2378:
2334:Iridopteridaceae
2255:
2254:
2240:Acrogymnospermae
2199:
2192:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2157:
2156:
2071:Core angiosperms
2059:
2018:
2013:Acrogymnospermae
1991:Peltaspermopsida
1973:Glossopteridales
1955:Corystospermales
1937:Callistophytales
1917:
1909:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1861:Aneurophytopsida
1843:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1788:
1787:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1719:Barinophytopsida
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1638:
1637:
1620:Horneophytopsida
1611:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1534:
1519:Anthocerotopsida
1507:
1502:Anthocerotophyta
1482:Haplomitriopsida
1475:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1429:
1428:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1367:Zygnematophyceae
1357:
1356:
1339:
1338:
1330:
1329:
1300:
1293:
1292:
1268:Trebouxiophyceae
1238:Picocystophyceae
1202:
1201:
1198:
1190:
1189:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1141:
1043:
994:
993:
990:
989:
986:
979:
978:
890:
870:
855:
838:
831:
824:
815:
814:
808:
807:
771:
765:
757:
751:
750:
748:
746:
723:
717:
710:
704:
687:
681:
669:
663:
662:
660:
658:
644:
638:
637:
619:
613:
612:
610:
608:
585:
579:
578:
560:
551:
545:
544:
542:
540:
522:
440:as the subgenus
347:is a species of
345:rattlesnake fern
317:
309:
301:
293:
280:
268:
260:
247:
211:
176:
89:
88:
68:
65:
64:
46:
32:
31:
21:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4031:Ferns of Mexico
4026:Ferns of Europe
4011:Ophioglossaceae
3996:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3981:
3976:
3968:
3963:
3955:
3950:
3942:
3937:
3929:
3924:
3916:
3911:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3883:
3875:
3870:
3862:
3860:
3852:
3847:
3839:
3834:
3826:
3821:
3813:
3808:
3800:
3797:Observation.org
3795:
3787:
3782:
3774:
3769:
3761:
3756:
3748:
3743:
3735:
3730:
3722:
3717:
3709:
3704:
3696:
3691:
3683:
3681:
3673:
3668:
3660:
3655:
3647:
3642:
3634:
3629:
3621:
3619:
3611:
3609:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3566:
3558:
3553:
3545:
3543:
3535:
3533:
3525:
3520:
3512:
3507:
3499:
3497:
3489:
3484:
3476:
3471:
3463:
3462:MichiganFlora:
3461:
3453:
3448:
3440:
3435:
3427:
3422:
3414:
3409:
3401:
3396:
3388:
3383:
3375:
3370:
3362:
3357:
3349:
3347:
3339:
3337:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3309:
3299:
3278:
3244:Dryopteridaceae
3234:Hypodematiaceae
3222:
3156:
3144:
3130:
3102:
3100:Saccolomataceae
3094:Saccolomatineae
3075:
3036:
3027:Plagiogyriaceae
2996:
2976:Heroleandraceae
2961:
2924:Cynepteridaceae
2903:
2884:Oligocarpiaceae
2869:
2857:Hymenophyllales
2851:
2827:
2809:Crossothecaceae
2728:
2719:Danaeopsidaceae
2713:Asterothecaceae
2701:Ptychocarpaceae
2695:Pecopteridaceae
2663:
2659:Ophioglossaceae
2645:
2616:
2589:Sorocaulinaceae
2583:Schizoneuraceae
2559:Apocalamitaceae
2508:
2496:Eviostachyaceae
2472:Sphenophyllales
2458:Pseudoborniales
2441:
2435:Zygopteridaceae
2407:†Zygopterididae
2402:
2368:
2328:Iridopteridales
2278:
2249:
2230:Marchantiophyta
2209:
2203:
2173:
2168:
2092:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2016:
2015:
2007:
1961:Czekanowskiales
1915:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1877:
1841:
1828:
1819:
1791:Moniliformopses
1782:
1756:
1747:
1697:Eutracheophytes
1696:
1687:
1660:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1632:
1609:
1597:
1580:
1571:Polytrichopsida
1566:Tetraphidopsida
1532:
1531:
1523:
1505:
1504:
1496:
1487:Marchantiopsida
1473:
1472:
1470:Marchantiophyta
1458:
1445:
1391:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1355:
1328:
1296:
1279:
1221:
1212:Mamiellophyceae
1193:
1180:
1149:
1143:
1133:
1132:
1120:
1102:
1084:
1080:Florideophyceae
1070:Rhodellophyceae
1050:Cyanidiophyceae
1041:
1040:
1032:
1012:
982:
973:
972:
888:
866:
857:
842:
812:
811:
772:
768:
758:
754:
744:
742:
724:
720:
711:
707:
703:272, 2237–2242.
701:Proc. R. Soc. B
698:Wayback Machine
688:
684:
679:Wayback Machine
670:
666:
656:
654:
652:www.efloras.org
646:
645:
641:
634:
620:
616:
606:
604:
586:
582:
558:
552:
548:
538:
536:
524:
523:
519:
514:
502:Gulf of Bothnia
470:
406:
374:
261:(Milde) Clausen
223:
213:
207:
194:
175:
151:Ophioglossaceae
83:
75:
66:
62:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4084:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4041:Flora of China
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3983:wfo-0001110633
3974:
3961:
3948:
3935:
3922:
3909:
3893:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3877:wfo-0001109063
3868:
3858:
3845:
3832:
3819:
3806:
3793:
3780:
3767:
3754:
3741:
3728:
3715:
3702:
3689:
3679:
3666:
3653:
3640:
3627:
3617:
3607:
3592:
3576:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3560:wfo-0001118479
3551:
3541:
3531:
3518:
3505:
3495:
3482:
3469:
3459:
3446:
3433:
3420:
3407:
3394:
3381:
3368:
3355:
3345:
3335:
3319:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3183:Hemidictyaceae
3180:
3175:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3121:Lonchitidaceae
3118:
3112:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3096:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2978:
2971:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2913:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2894:Gleicheniaceae
2891:
2886:
2879:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2744:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2707:Weichseliaceae
2703:
2697:
2691:
2684:
2682:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2651:Ophioglossales
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2626:
2625:Ophioglossidae
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2607:Tchernoviaceae
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2535:Honseleriaceae
2531:
2525:
2518:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2453:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2429:Zygopteridales
2425:
2424:
2423:
2421:Rhacophytaceae
2410:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2385:
2383:
2376:
2374:Polypodiopsida
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2289:
2287:
2285:Cladoxylopsida
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2261:
2259:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2235:Polypodiophyta
2232:
2227:
2222:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:classification
2202:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2179:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2151:
2145:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1997:Pentoxylopsida
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1931:Calamopityales
1927:
1920:
1918:
1895:
1888:Spermatophytes
1883:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1850:
1848:
1845:Progymnosperms
1831:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1810:Polypodiopsida
1807:
1805:Cladoxylopsida
1801:
1794:
1792:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1774:
1767:
1761:
1758:Euphyllophytes
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1730:Lycopodiopsida
1727:
1721:
1714:
1712:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1671:Cooksoniopsida
1666:
1664:
1650:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1603:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1561:Oedipodiopsida
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1463:
1447:
1446:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1370:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1205:Prasinophytina
1199:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1152:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1108:incertae sedis
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1002:
1000:
987:
984:Archaeplastida
975:
974:
971:
970:
969:
968:
967:
966:
963:Mesomycetozoea
960:
955:
945:
935:
934:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
912:
911:
899:Diaphoretickes
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
863:
862:
859:
858:
846:Archaeplastida
841:
840:
833:
826:
818:
810:
809:
782:(1): 131–151.
766:
761:B. virginianum
752:
718:
705:
682:
664:
639:
632:
614:
580:
546:
516:
515:
513:
510:
469:
466:
405:
402:
373:
370:
325:
324:
323:
322:
321:
320:
312:
310:(L.) M.Nishida
304:
296:
285:
284:
283:
271:
263:
250:
232:
231:
225:
224:
214:
203:
202:
196:
195:
188:
186:
182:
181:
168:
164:
163:
161:Botrychioideae
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
141:Ophioglossales
138:
134:
133:
131:Polypodiopsida
128:
124:
123:
121:Polypodiophyta
118:
114:
113:
108:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
60:
57:
56:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4083:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4016:Ferns of Asia
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3984:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3680:
3676:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3603:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3275:
3274:Polypodiaceae
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:Polypodiineae
3225:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3066:Dicksoniaceae
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3022:Loxsomataceae
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2889:Dipteridaceae
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2875:Gleicheniales
2872:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2415:Rhacophytales
2412:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2362:Steloxylaceae
2359:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2306:Voelkeliaceae
2303:
2301:
2300:Cladoxylaceae
2297:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2281:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1976:
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1970:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1925:Bennettitales
1922:
1921:
1919:
1906:
1905:Pteridosperms
1899:
1896:
1892:(seed plants)
1889:
1884:
1874:
1873:Protopityales
1870:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1826:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1806:
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1800:
1796:
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1789:
1785:
1779:
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1773:
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1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1754:
1743:
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1735:
1731:
1728:
1726:
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1713:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1644:
1643:Tracheophytes
1639:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1595:
1591:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1556:Andreaeopsida
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1381:(land plants)
1378:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1274:
1273:Chlorophyceae
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1248:Pedinophyceae
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:Chlorophytina
1224:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1131:
1130:Viridiplantae
1127:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1075:Bangiophyceae
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
988:
985:
980:
976:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
939:
936:
932:
929:
927:
926:Stramenopiles
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
910:
907:
906:
905:
902:
901:
900:
897:
895:
892:
889:(major groups
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
869:
865:
864:
860:
856:
854:
847:
839:
834:
832:
827:
825:
820:
819:
816:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
770:
763:
762:
756:
740:
736:
734:
728:
722:
715:
709:
702:
699:
695:
692:
686:
680:
676:
673:
668:
653:
649:
643:
635:
629:
625:
618:
602:
598:
596:
590:
584:
576:
572:
568:
564:
557:
550:
535:
531:
529:
521:
517:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
442:Osmundopteris
439:
438:
432:
430:
426:
422:
415:
410:
401:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
378:
369:
367:
366:
361:
357:
353:
350:
346:
342:
341:
337:
333:
332:
316:
313:
308:
305:
300:
297:
292:
289:
288:
286:
279:
275:
272:
269:(Milde) Small
267:
266:Osmundopteris
264:
258:
257:Osmundopteris
254:
251:
246:
245:Osmundopteris
242:
239:
238:
236:
235:
233:
230:
226:
222:
218:
212:
210:
204:
201:
200:Binomial name
197:
193:
192:
187:
184:
183:
179:
174:
173:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
111:Tracheophytes
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
3888:
3815:tro-26602189
3571:
3314:
3269:Davalliaceae
3264:Oleandraceae
3259:Tectariaceae
3193:Aspleniaceae
3161:Aspleniineae
3126:Lindsaeaceae
3116:Cystodiaceae
3108:Lindsaeineae
3085:Polypodiales
3051:Tanydoraceae
2992:Salviniaceae
2981:Marsileaceae
2957:Schizaeaceae
2942:Tempskyaceae
2737:Polypodiidae
2724:Marattiaceae
2612:Equisetaceae
2553:Calamitaceae
2356:Steloxylales
2294:Cladoxylales
2245:Angiospermae
2142:paraphyletic
2054:Angiospermae
2031:
2030:Ginkgoales (
2003:Petriellales
1985:Medullosales
1912:(seed ferns)
1625:
1546:Sphagnopsida
1541:Takakiopsida
1474:(liverworts)
1440:
1434:Embryophytes
1388:(see below↓)
1346:Charophyceae
1316:
1298:Streptophyta
1150:land plants)
1138:
1107:
1025:
1018:Rhodelphidia
1005:
948:Opisthokonta
852:
779:
775:
769:
760:
755:
743:. Retrieved
738:
732:
721:
713:
708:
700:
685:
667:
655:. Retrieved
651:
642:
623:
617:
605:. Retrieved
600:
594:
583:
566:
562:
549:
537:. Retrieved
533:
527:
520:
471:
468:Distribution
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
435:
433:
418:
413:
391:
379:
375:
364:
363:
344:
339:
338:
330:
329:
328:
314:
306:
298:
290:
277:
273:
265:
256:
252:
244:
240:
208:
206:
190:
189:
171:
170:
104:
35:
29:
3784:NatureServe
3596:Wikispecies
3437:iNaturalist
3218:Athyriaceae
3213:Blechnaceae
3208:Onocleaceae
3203:Woodsiaceae
3142:Pteridaceae
3136:Pteridineae
3071:Cyatheaceae
3061:Cibotiaceae
3056:Metaxyaceae
3042:Cyatheineae
3032:Culcitaceae
2967:Salviniales
2952:Lygodiaceae
2909:Schizaeales
2899:Matoniaceae
2847:Osmundaceae
2842:Guaireaceae
2767:Sermayaceae
2680:Marattiales
2672:Marattiidae
2641:Psilotaceae
2514:Equisetales
2446:Equisetidae
2258:Basal clade
2217:Supergroup
1949:Cordaitales
1943:Caytoniales
1829:Lignophytes
1812:(ferns and
1738:spikemosses
1677:Rhyniopsida
1627:Aglaophyton
1506:(hornworts)
1377:Embryophyta
1360:Anydrophyta
1318:Spirotaenia
1263:Ulvophyceae
1196:Chlorophyta
1146:green algae
1116:Algospongia
1090:Glaucophyta
1042:(red algae)
462:B. strictus
460:, which is
454:Sceptridium
394:medicinally
372:Description
278:Virginianae
157:Subfamily:
71:NatureServe
4000:Categories
3810:Plant List
3544:WisFlora:
3455:30075594-2
3348:Calflora:
3002:Cyatheales
2947:Anemiaceae
2930:Klukiaceae
2833:Osmundales
2633:Psilotales
2320:Hyeniaceae
2076:Magnoliids
2044:Gnetopsida
1814:horsetails
1742:quillworts
1734:clubmosses
1710:Lycophytes
1683:Renaliales
1460:Bryophytes
1038:Rhodophyta
1027:Rhodelphis
727:USDA, NRCS
589:USDA, NRCS
512:References
496:region of
450:Botrychium
437:Botrychium
425:Santalales
387:sporophyte
318:(L.) Small
274:Botrychium
253:Botrychium
241:Botrychium
117:Division:
3904:Q21876049
3750:1106719-2
3711:233500296
3698:233500296
3587:Q17258002
3416:200002888
2314:Hyeniales
2272:Ibykaceae
2225:Bryophyta
1576:Bryopsida
1529:Bryophyta
1258:UTC clade
1007:Picomonas
943:Amoebozoa
921:Alveolata
909:Cryptista
884:Eukaryota
796:1055-7903
563:Phytotaxa
539:9 October
492:, in the
484:, as the
478:Australia
429:mistletoe
398:dysentery
360:monotypic
349:perennial
287:Species:
185:Species:
94:Kingdom:
3970:26604128
3965:Tropicos
3944:177127-2
3898:Wikidata
3861:VASCAN:
3854:26602189
3849:Tropicos
3789:2.129787
3763:10854277
3581:Wikidata
3534:VASCAN:
3527:26613482
3522:Tropicos
3338:BioLib:
3330:Q2077686
3324:Wikidata
2266:Ibykales
2086:Eudicots
2081:Monocots
1799:Ibykales
1533:(mosses)
1438:Plantae
1136:Plantae
938:Amorphea
916:Rhizaria
904:Hacrobia
894:Excavata
879:Bacteria
850:Plantae
804:12801476
729:(n.d.).
694:Archived
675:Archived
591:(n.d.).
569:: 7–54.
458:Botrypus
365:Botrypus
358:. It is
302:(L.) Sw.
276:section
243:section
229:Synonyms
172:Botrypus
147:Family:
36:Botrypus
3918:3646003
3724:2650159
3429:7321433
2149:extinct
998:Picozoa
953:Animals
874:Archaea
657:17 June
498:Finland
494:Karelia
446:Osmunda
421:chimera
354:in the
336:synonym
281:Clausen
237:Genus:
167:Genus:
137:Order:
127:Class:
98:Plantae
69: (
67:Secure
3931:456056
3823:PLANTS
3802:150048
3737:456052
3675:150280
3610:AoFP:
3491:756444
3478:167744
3390:597549
2144:groups
2032:Ginkgo
1740:&
1598:
1194:
931:Plants
868:Domain
802:
794:
745:27 Dec
630:
607:17 Jan
506:Europe
490:Norway
474:Mexico
221:Michx.
178:Michx.
3776:17173
3758:IRMNG
3670:EUNIS
3636:63290
3620:APA:
3547:12874
3537:12948
3498:PFI:
3442:75855
3403:BOYVI
3351:11424
3341:82709
2219:Plant
1148:&
958:Fungi
559:(PDF)
476:, in
248:Milde
105:Clade
3952:POWO
3939:IPNI
3926:GRIN
3913:GBIF
3864:3868
3836:POWO
3828:BOVI
3771:ITIS
3745:IPNI
3732:GRIN
3719:GBIF
3662:3685
3657:CNPS
3649:MPL8
3631:APNI
3613:2035
3509:POWO
3473:NCBI
3465:1790
3450:IPNI
3424:GBIF
3398:EPPO
3377:1838
3372:CNPS
3364:MQJ4
2206:Fern
2147:† =
1139:s.s.
853:s.l.
800:PMID
792:ISSN
747:2011
659:2016
628:ISBN
609:2011
541:2020
482:Asia
352:fern
3978:WFO
3872:WFO
3706:FoC
3693:FNA
3644:CoL
3623:142
3555:WFO
3411:FNA
3385:EoL
3359:CoL
1436:or
1134:or
848:or
784:doi
571:doi
4002::
3980::
3967::
3954::
3941::
3928::
3915::
3900::
3874::
3851::
3838::
3825::
3812::
3799::
3786::
3773::
3760::
3747::
3734::
3721::
3708::
3695::
3672::
3659::
3646::
3633::
3598::
3583::
3557::
3524::
3511::
3501:40
3488::
3475::
3452::
3439::
3426::
3413::
3400::
3387::
3374::
3361::
3326::
1736:,
798:.
790:.
780:28
778:.
737:.
650:.
599:.
567:19
565:.
561:.
532:.
400:.
389:.
334:,
294:L.
259:)
219:)
217:L.
107::
3049:†
2985:†
2974:†
2940:†
2934:†
2928:†
2922:†
2916:†
2882:†
2840:†
2819:†
2813:†
2807:†
2801:†
2793:†
2787:†
2779:†
2773:†
2765:†
2759:†
2753:†
2747:†
2717:†
2711:†
2705:†
2699:†
2693:†
2687:†
2605:†
2599:†
2593:†
2587:†
2581:†
2575:†
2569:†
2563:†
2557:†
2551:†
2545:†
2539:†
2533:†
2527:†
2521:†
2500:†
2494:†
2488:†
2482:†
2476:†
2470:†
2462:†
2456:†
2433:†
2427:†
2419:†
2413:†
2394:†
2388:†
2360:†
2354:†
2346:†
2340:†
2332:†
2326:†
2318:†
2312:†
2304:†
2298:†
2292:†
2283:†
2270:†
2264:†
2221::
2198:e
2191:t
2184:v
2140:*
2034:)
2001:†
1995:†
1989:†
1983:†
1977:†
1971:†
1965:†
1959:†
1953:†
1947:†
1941:†
1935:†
1929:†
1923:†
1908:*
1902:†
1871:†
1865:†
1859:†
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1847:*
1842:†
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1797:†
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1770:†
1744:)
1732:(
1723:†
1717:†
1681:†
1675:†
1669:†
1661:†
1624:†
1618:†
1610:†
1144:(
965:)
837:e
830:t
823:v
806:.
786::
749:.
735:"
731:"
661:.
636:.
611:.
597:"
593:"
577:.
573::
543:.
255:(
215:(
73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
