1735:, which is inhibited during treatment by applying a position of mild strain in the direction exactly opposite to that of the reflex. After a counterstrain point tender to palpation has been diagnosed, the identified tender point is treated by the osteopathic physician who, while monitoring the tender point, positions the patient such that the point is no longer tender to palpation. This position is held for ninety seconds and the patient is subsequently returned to their normal posture. Most often this position of ease is usually achieved by shortening the muscle of interest. Improvement or resolution of the tenderness at the identified counterstrain point is the desired outcome. The use of counterstrain technique is contraindicated in patients with severe osteoporosis, pathology of the
2386:(GOsC) regulates the practice of osteopathy under the terms of the Act. Under British law, an osteopath must be registered with the GOsC to practice in the United Kingdom. More than 5,300 osteopaths were registered in the UK as of 2021. The General Osteopathic Council has a statutory duty to promote, develop and regulate the profession of osteopathy in the UK. Its duty is to protect the interests of the public by ensuring that all osteopaths maintain high standards of safety, competence and professional conduct throughout their professional lives. In order to be registered with the General Osteopathic Council an osteopath must hold a recognized qualification that meets the standards as set out by law in the GOsC's Standard of Practice.
1515:
in the medical marketplace, with both practitioners attempting to discredit the other. The osteopathic physicians—those who are now referred to as DO's—argued that the non-osteopathic physicians had an overly mechanistic approach to treating patients, treated the symptoms of disease instead of the original causes, and were blind to the harm they were causing their patients. Other practitioners had a similar argument, labeling osteopathic medicine as unfounded, passive, and dangerous to a disease-afflicted patient. This was the medical environment that pervaded throughout the 19th century, and the setting Still entered when he began developing his idea of osteopathy.
2379:. After many years of existing outside the mainstream of health care provision, the osteopathic profession in the UK was accorded formal recognition by Parliament in 1993 by the Osteopaths Act. This legislation now provides the profession of osteopathy the same legal framework of statutory self-regulation as other healthcare professions such as medicine and dentistry. This Act provides for "protection of title". A person who expressly or implicitly describes themself as an osteopath, osteopathic practitioner, osteopathic physician, osteopathist, osteotherapist, or any kind of osteopath is guilty of an offence unless they are registered as an osteopath.
2051:. The two groups are so distinct that in practice they function as separate professions. The regulation of non-physician manual medicine osteopaths varies greatly between jurisdictions. In Australia, Denmark, New Zealand, Switzerland, the UAE and the UK, non-physician manual medicine osteopaths are regulated by statute; their practice of osteopathy requires registration with the relevant regulatory authority. The Osteopathic International Alliance (OIA) publishes a country guide that details registration and practice rights, while the International Osteopathic Association maintains a list of all accredited osteopathic colleges.
65:
1988:. The article attracted a letter from the law firm representing the AOA accusing Barrett of libel and demanding an apology to avert legal action. In response, Barrett made some slight modifications to his text, while maintaining its overall stance; he queried the AOA's reference to "the body's natural tendency toward good health", and challenged them to "provide with adequate scientific evidence showing how this belief has been tested and demonstrated to be true." Barrett has been quoted as saying, "the pseudoscience within osteopathy can't compete with the science".
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Eastern and North
African countries, including Sudan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Kuwait and Oman. In December 2007 the first Workshop on Global osteopathic approach was held at the Nasser Institute Hospital for Research and Treatment, sponsored by the Faculty of Physical Therapy, University of Cairo, Egypt. On 6 August 2010, the Egyptian Osteopathic Society (OsteoEgypt) was founded. OsteoEgypt promotes a two-tier model of osteopathy in Egypt and the Middle East. The event was timed to coincide with the birthday of A.T. Still.
1550:. In the early 20th century, osteopaths across the United States sought to establish law that would legitimize their medical degree to the standard of the modern medic. The processes were arduous, and not without conflict. In some states, it took years for the bills to be passed. Osteopaths were often ridiculed and in some cases arrested, but in each state, osteopaths managed to achieve the legal acknowledgement and action they set out to pursue. In 1898 the American Institute of Osteopathy started the
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1535:, Still began practicing manipulative procedures that intended to restore harmony in the body. Over the course of the next twenty five years, Still attracted support for his medical philosophy that disapproved of orthodox medicine, and shaped his philosophy for osteopathy. Components included the idea that structure and function are interrelated and the importance of each piece of the body in the harmonious function of its whole.
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1902:
treatment for pneumonia in adults." Techniques investigated in the study included paraspinal inhibition, rib raising, and myofascial release. The review found that OMT did not reduce mortality and did not increase cure rate, but that OMT slightly reduced the duration of hospital stay and antibiotic use. A 2013 systematic review of the use of OMT for treating pediatric conditions concluded that its effectiveness was unproven.
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medical professions. In 2011, the former
Belgian Minister Onkelinx set up the Chambers for Non-Conventional Medicines and the Joint Commission provided for in the "Colla-law" (1999). Their goal was to discuss and reach an agreement between the various medical professions to rule on these practices. In February 2014, only one practice, homeopathy, received its recognition. The others, including osteopathy, remain unresolved.
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1498:, that the body's natural state tends toward health and inherently contains the capacity to battle any illness. This was opposed to orthodox practitioners, who held that intervention by a physician was necessary to restore health in the patient. Still established the basis for osteopathy, and the division between alternative medicine and traditional medicine had already been a major conflict for decades.
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estimated that there are over 1,300 osteopathic manual practitioners in Canada, most of whom practice in Quebec and
Ontario. Some sources indicate that there are between 1,000 and 1,200 osteopaths practicing in the province of Quebec, and although this number might seem quite elevated, many osteopathy clinics are adding patients on waiting lists due to a shortage of osteopaths in the province.
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of evaluating new training programs offered by the university, had judged that the program had its place at
Université Laval before receiving the unfavourable support decision from the faculty of medicine. Had the program been implemented, Université Laval would have been the first university institution in Quebec to offer a professional program in osteopathy as a manual therapy.
1969:, Jordan J. Cohen, pinpointed OMT as a defining difference between MDs and DOs; while he saw there was no quarrel in the appropriateness of manipulation for musculoskeletal treatment, the difficulty centered on "applying manipulative therapy to treat other systemic diseases"—at that point, Cohen maintained, "we enter the realm of skepticism on the part of the allopathic world."
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regulated by the HPCA act work within the "Scope of
Practice" determined and published by its professional board or council. Osteopaths in New Zealand are not fully licensed physicians. In New Zealand, in addition to the general scope of practice, osteopaths may also hold the Scope of Practice for Osteopaths using western medical acupuncture and related needling techniques.
2351:(Unitec). Australasian courses consist of a bachelor's degree in clinical science (osteopathy) followed by a master's degree. The Unitec double degree programme is the OCNZ prescribed qualification for registration in the scope of practice: Australian qualifications accredited by the Australian and New Zealand Osteopathic Council are also prescribed qualifications.
2311:" law. Heilpraktiker is a separate profession within the health care system. There are many schools of osteopathy in Germany; most are moving toward national recognition although such recognition does not currently exist. In Germany, there are state level rules governing which persons (non-physicians) may call themselves osteopaths.
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private practice care. The majority of private health insurance providers cover treatment performed by osteopaths, as do many government based schemes such as veteran's affairs or workers compensations schemes In addition, treatment performed by osteopaths is covered by the public healthcare system in
Australia (
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Students training to be an osteopath in
Australia must study in an approved program in an accredited university. Current accredited courses are either four or five years in length. To achieve accreditation universities courses must demonstrate the capabilities of graduates. The capabilities are based
1991:
In 1999, Joel D. Howell noted that osteopathy and medicine as practiced by MDs were becoming increasingly convergent. He suggested that this raised a paradox: "if osteopathy has become the functional equivalent of allopathy, what is the justification for its continued existence? And if there is value
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The
American Medical Association listed DOs as "cultists" and deemed MD consultation of DOs unethical from 1923 until 1962. MDs regarded that osteopathic treatments were rooted in "pseudoscientific dogma", and although physicians from both branches of medicine have been able to meet on common ground,
1945:
says there is "limited evidence" that osteopathy "may be effective for some types of neck, shoulder or lower limb pain and recovery after hip or knee operations", but that there is no evidence that osteopathy is effective as a treatment for health conditions unrelated to the bones and muscles. Others
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years of discussion, planning, and preparation for the program implementation. There was some controversy with the final decision of the university's committee regarding the continuous undergraduate and professional graduate program in osteopathy because the
Commission of studies, which is in charge
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Osteopathy
Australia (formerly the Australian Osteopathic Association) is a national organization representing the interests of Australian osteopaths, osteopathy as a profession in Australia, and consumers' right to access osteopathic services. Founded in 1955 in Victoria, the Australian Osteopathic
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Several international and national organizations are involved in osteopathic education and political advocacy. The OIA is an international body that oversees national osteopathic and osteopathic medical associations, statutory regulators, and universities or medical schools offering osteopathic and
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stated that DOs trained in the U.S. are Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine and are legally equivalent to MDs. "They must be distinguished from 'osteopaths', members of a less regulated or unregulated profession that is practiced in many countries. Osteopaths get inferior training that can't be compared
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basis. Full licensure to practice medicine is awarded on an exceptions basis following a hearing before the licensing authorities in New Zealand. Both the Medical Council of New Zealand and the OCNZ regulate osteopathic physicians in New Zealand. Currently, the country has no recognized osteopathic
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and prescribing chemicals such as mercury, becoming the forefront in therapeutics. Alternative medicine had its beginnings in the early 19th century, when gentler practices in comparison to heroic medicine began to emerge. As each side sought to defend its practice, a schism began to present itself
1505:
began to localize the causes and nature of diseases to specific organs and tissues. Doctors began shifting their focus from the patient to the internal state of the body, resulting in an issue labeled as the problem of the "vanishing patient". A stronger movement towards experimental and scientific
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Osteopathic medicine is regulated by the General Osteopathic Council, (GOsC) under the terms of the Osteopaths Act 1993 and statement from the GMC. Practising osteopaths will usually have a BS or MSc in osteopathy. Accelerated courses leading to accreditation are available for those with a medical
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A 2018 large scale study, representing a response rate of 49.1% of the profession indicated the average age of the participants was 38.0 years, with 58.1% being female and the majority holding a Bachelor or higher degree qualification for osteopathy. The study also estimated a total of 3.9 million
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High velocity, low amplitude (HVLA) manipulation is a technique which employs a rapid, targeted, therapeutic force of brief duration that travels a short distance within the anatomic range of motion of a joint and engages the restrictive barrier in one or more places of motion to elicit release of
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This edition 1902; copyright 1892. Chapters: Preface; Introduction; I. Important Studies; II. Some Substances of the Body; III. Divisions of the Body; IV. Head, Face, and Scalp; Chapter V. The Neck; VI. The Thorax; VII. The Diaphragm; VIII. The Abdomen; IX. The Pelvis; X. Fevers; XI. Biogen; XII.
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Osteopaths registered and in good standing with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency – Osteopathy Board of Australian are eligible to register in New Zealand under the mutual recognition system operating between the two countries. Graduates from programs in every other country are
2234:
Hesham Khalil introduced osteopathy in the Middle East at a local physical therapy conference in Cairo, Egypt in 2005 with a lecture titled "The global Osteopathic Concept / Holistic approach in Somatic Dysfunction". Since then he has toured the Middle East to introduce osteopathy in other Middle
2172:
The non-physician manual practice of osteopathy is practiced in most Canadian provinces. As of 2014, manual osteopathic practice is not a government-regulated health profession in any province, and those interested in pursuing osteopathic studies must register in private osteopathy schools. It is
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is a form of alternative treatment. The practitioners claim to treat skeletal muscle immobility and pain by relaxing contracted muscles. Palpatory feedback by the practitioner is said to be an integral part to achieving a release of myofascial tissues, accomplished by relaxing contracted muscles,
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One integral tenet of osteopathy is that problems in the body's anatomy can affect its proper functioning. Another tenet is the body's innate ability to heal itself. Many of osteopathic medicine's manipulative techniques are aimed at reducing or eliminating the impediments to proper structure and
2256:
Since the early 1970s, osteopaths have been practicing in Belgium, during which time several attempts have been made to obtain an official status of health care profession. In 1999, a law was voted (the 'Colla-Law') providing a legal framework for osteopathy, amongst three other non-conventional
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A majority of osteopaths work in private practice, with osteopaths working within aged care, traffic and workers compensation schemes or co-located with medical practitioners. Osteopaths are not considered physicians or medical doctors in Australia, rather as allied health professionals offering
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of the patient's muscle. Once the patient relaxes, their range of motion increases slightly. The repetition of alternating cycles of contraction and subsequent relaxation help the treated muscle improve its range of motion. Muscle energy techniques are contraindicated in patients with fractures,
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continuity"—a tissue layer that "links every part of the body with every other part". Osteopaths attempt to diagnose and treat what was originally called "the osteopathic lesion", but which is now named "somatic dysfunction", by manipulating a person's bones and muscles. Osteopathic Manipulative
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Osteopathy has been a recognized health profession since 1994 in Finland. It is regulated by law along with chiropractors and naprapaths. These professions require at least a four-year education. Currently there are three osteopathic schools in Finland, one which is public and two private ones.
1901:
reviewed six randomized controlled trials which investigated the effect of four types of chest physiotherapy (including OMT) as adjunctive treatments for pneumonia in adults and concluded that "based on current limited evidence, chest physiotherapy might not be recommended as routine additional
1538:
Still sought to establish a new medical school that could produce physicians trained under this philosophy, and be prepared to compete against the orthodox physicians. He established the American School of Osteopathy on 20 May 1892, in Kirksville, Missouri, with twenty-one students in the first
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system, and that osteopathic manipulations could solve these problems by harnessing the body's own self-repairing potential. Still's patients were forbidden from treatment by conventional medicine, as well as from other practices such as drinking alcohol. These practices derive from the belief,
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their arm, the treating physician raises the patient's arm near the end of the patient's range of motion, also called the edge of the restrictive barrier. The patient then tries to lower their arm, while the physician provides resistance. This resistance against the patient's motion allows for
2022:
wrote that OMT was promoted as a special distinguishing element of DO training, but that it amounted to no more than "'extra' training in pseudoscientific practices." It has been suggested that osteopathic physicians may be more likely than MDs to be involved in questionable practices such as
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which came into effect on 18 September 2004. Under the act, it is a legal requirement to be registered with the Osteopathic Council of New Zealand (OCNZ), and to hold an annual practicing certificate issued by them, in order to practice as an osteopath. Each of the fifteen health professions
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which is the regulatory body for all recognized health care professions in Australia. The Osteopathic Board of Australia is separate from the Medical Board of Australia which is the governing body that regulates medical practitioners. Osteopaths trained internationally may be eligible for
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Osteopathy is a governmentally recognized health profession and the title of Osteopath is protected by Law (Act 45/2003, of 22 October, and Act 71/2013, of 2 September). Currently there are eight faculties that teach the four-year degree course of osteopathy (BSc Hon in Osteopathy).
1522:
and noting that the current orthodox medical system could not save them, Still may have been prompted to shape his reformist attitudes towards conventional medicine. Still set out to reform the orthodox medical scene and establish a practice that did not so readily resort to drugs,
2505:
So other than a lower admissions standard and the focus on a pseudoscientific belief system, there is no difference between the two educational systems. So why should this two-tiered system even exist? It is time to rid ourselves of this pre-scientific, dual system of medical
1929:. A 2013 systematic review found insufficient evidence to rate osteopathic manipulation for chronic nonspecific low back pain. In 2011, a systematic review found no compelling evidence that osteopathic manipulation was effective for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain.
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are not medically licensed. They have an average total of 1200 hours of training, roughly half being in manual therapy and osteopathy, with no medical specialization before they attain their degree. Non-physician osteopaths in Germany officially work under the
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In Canada, the titles "osteopath" and "osteopathic physician" are protected in some provinces by the medical regulatory college for physicians and surgeons. As of 2011, there were approximately 20 U.S.-trained osteopathic physicians, all of which held a
1543:, was the starting point from which was to ascertain the cause of pathological conditions". He would eventually claim that he could "shake a child and stop scarlet fever, croup, diphtheria, and cure whooping cough in three days by a wring of its neck."
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Those trained only in manual osteopathic treatment, generally to relieve muscular and skeletal conditions, are referred to as osteopaths, and are not permitted to use the title DO in the United States to avoid confusion with osteopathic physicians.
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function so the self-healing mechanism can assume its role in restoring a person to health. Osteopathic medicine defines a concept of health care that embraces the concept of the unity of the living organism's structure (anatomy) and function (
1829:
Practitioners who perform myofascial release consider the fascia and its corresponding muscle to be the main targets of their procedure, but assert that other tissue may be affected as well, including other connective tissue. Fascia is the
2243:
There is no European regulatory authority for the practice of osteopathy or osteopathic medicine within the European Union; each country has its own rules. The UK's General Osteopathic Council, a regulatory body set up under the country's
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A workforce survey of Australian osteopathy: analysis of a nationally representative sample of osteopaths from the Osteopathy Research and Innovation Network (ORION) project, Adams et al. BMC Health Services Research (2018) 18:352
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1527:, and harshly invasive therapeutics to treat a person suffering from ailment, similar to the mindset of the irregulars in the early 19th century. Thought to have been influenced by spiritualist figures such as
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class. Still described the foundations of osteopathy in his book "The Philosophy and Mechanical Principles of Osteopathy" in 1892. He named his new school of medicine "osteopathy", reasoning that "the bone,
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patients consulted osteopaths every year in Australia. Most osteopaths work in referral relationships with a range of other health services, managing patients primarily with musculoskeletal disorders.
3477:
Wong CK, Abraham T, Karimi P, Ow-Wing C (April 2014). "Strain counterstrain technique to decrease tender point palpation pain compared to control conditions: A systematic review with meta-analysis".
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The Master of Osteopathy is the only New Zealand-based programme that enables you to register with the Osteopathic Council of New Zealand, and to enter practice as an osteopath in New Zealand.
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When the state of Missouri granted the right to award the MD degree, he remained dissatisfied with the limitations of conventional medicine and instead chose to retain the distinction of the
5274:[Order of 12 December 2014 relating to teaching exemptions likely to be granted with a view to preparing for the diploma allowing the use of the title of osteopath - Legifrance].
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5272:"Arrêté du 12 décembre 2014 relatif aux dispenses d'enseignement susceptibles d'être accordées en vue de la préparation au diplôme permettant d'user du titre d'ostéopathe - Legifrance"
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1632:, use similar techniques. Indeed, many DOs do not practice OMT at all, and, over time, DOs in general practice use OMT less and less and instead apply the common medical treatments.
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1875:. The first modern lymphatic pump technique was developed in 1920, although osteopathic physicians used various forms of lymphatic techniques as early as the late 19th century.
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be reserved for "informal or historical discussions and for referring to previously named entities in the profession and foreign-trained osteopaths", and replaced in the US by
1992:
in therapy that is uniquely osteopathic – that is, based on osteopathic manipulation or other techniques – why should its use be limited to osteopaths?"
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classified osteopathy as one of the "paranormal" forms of alternative medicine, commenting that it has a view of disease which had no meaning outside its own closed system.
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A 2005 Cochrane review of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in asthma treatment concluded that there was insufficient evidence that OMT can be used to treat asthma.
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1600:(AOA), osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is considered to be only one component of osteopathic medicine and may be used alone or in combination with
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medicine was then developed. In the perspective of the DO physicians, the sympathy and holism that were integral to medicine in the past were left behind.
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Osteopathic manipulation is still included in the curricula of osteopathic physicians or Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) training in the US. The
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A 2018 systematic review found that there is no evidence for the reliability or specific efficacy of the techniques used in visceral osteopathy.
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Association became a national body in 1991 and became Osteopathy Australia in 2014. and is a member of the Osteopathic International Alliance.
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s 4 November 1999 issue concluded that patients with chronic low back pain can be treated effectively with manipulation. The United Kingdom's
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Kasper, Dennis L.; Braunwald, Eugene; Fauci, Anthony S.; Hauser, Stephen L.; Longo, Dan L.; Jameson, J. Larry; Isselbacher, Kurt J. (2005).
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The first school of osteopathy was established in London in 1917 by John Martin Littlejohn, a pupil of A.T. Still, who had been Dean of the
1946:
have concluded that there is insufficient evidence to suggest efficacy for osteopathic style manipulation in treating musculoskeletal pain.
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Muscle energy techniques address somatic dysfunction through stretching and muscle contraction. For example, if a person is unable to fully
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in osteopathy as manual therapy. However, due to the many doubts concerning the scientific credibility of osteopathy from the university's
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Posadzki P, Ernst E (February 2011). "Osteopathy for musculoskeletal pain patients: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials".
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Physiotherapists are a recognized health profession and can achieve a degree of "Diploma in Osteopathic Therapy (D.O.T.)". Non-physician
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Smallpox; XIII. Obesity; XIV. Ear-Wax and Its Uses; XV. Convulsions; XVI. Obstetrics. Link to read online, or download in many formats.
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3149:. William E. Laupus Health Sciences Library and the East Carolina University Department of Bioethics & Interdisciplinary Studies.
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Counterstrain is a system of diagnosis and treatment that considers the physical dysfunction to be a continuing, inappropriate strain
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5012:[Hisham Khalil: Osteopathy is a treatment that targets the symptom, not the disease]. alahram newspaper. 2014. Archived from
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degree and physiotherapists. The London College of Osteopathic Medicine teaches osteopathy only to those who are already physicians.
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The osteopathic profession has evolved into two branches: non-physician manual medicine osteopaths and full-scope medical practice
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degree, practicing in all of Canada. As of 2014, no training programs have been established for osteopathic physicians in Canada.
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2299:. There is a difference in the osteopathic education between non-physician osteopaths, physiotherapists, and medical physicians.
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Posadzki, P.; Lee, M. S.; Ernst, E. (2013). "Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Pediatric Conditions: A Systematic Review".
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and it was there that he founded the practice of osteopathy. Still claimed that human illness was rooted in problems with the
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5208:"Décret n° 2014-1043 du 12 septembre 2014 relatif à l'agrément des établissements de formation en ostéopathie - Légifrance"
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Some osteopaths search for small lumps of tissue, called "Chapman release points" as part of their diagnostic procedure.
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5401:"Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 No 48 (as at 1 August 2011), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation"
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5345:[Regulation of further training and examination regulations in the field of osteopathy- Hessen] (in German).
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2835:"Charles E. Still (son) – Letters to Edith Mellor, DO. Missouri's Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri"
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on the CanMEDS competency framework that was developed by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.
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Hondras, Maria A.; Linde, Klaus; Jones, Arthur P. (2005). Hondras, Maria A. (ed.). "Manual therapy for asthma".
2003:, wrote disparagingly of the "pseudoscience" at the foundation of OMT. In his view, "OMT will and should follow
1846:, overuse, trauma, infectious agents, or inactivity, often resulting in pain, muscle tension, and corresponding
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5240:"Arrêté du 29 septembre 2014 relatif à l'agrément des établissements de formation en ostéopathie - Légifrance"
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registration in Australia, dependent on their level of training and following relevant competency assessment.
1372:. In most countries, practitioners of osteopathy are not medically trained and are referred to as osteopaths.
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1921:. The same analysis also found moderate-quality evidence for pain reduction for nonspecific low back pain in
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Among Free State leaders was Andrew T. Still, founder of osteopathy, whose theory of healing developed here.
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4528:"Chronic Disease Management – Individual Allied Health Services under Medicare – Provider Information"
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5224:[Decree No. 2014-1505 of December 12, 2014 relating to training in osteopathy - Legifrance].
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in the United States is a physician trained in the full scope of medical practice, with a degree of
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Chen, Xiaomei; Jiang, Jiaojiao; Wang, Renjie; Fu, Hongbo; Lu, Jing; Yang, Ming (6 September 2022).
3590:"Overcoming Barriers to the Use of Osteopathic Manipulation Techniques in the Emergency Department"
2545:"House of Delegates Resolution H-301 – RE: H229-A/05 Osteopath & Osteopathy – Use of the Terms"
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Osteopathic manipulation is the core set of techniques in osteopathy. Parts of osteopathy, such as
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1624:. OMT techniques are not necessarily unique to osteopathic medicine; other disciplines, such as
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The foundations of this divergence may be traced back to the mid-18th century when advances in
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2666:
1665:; they serve, rather, as the underpinnings of the osteopathic approach to health and disease.
6412:
6257:
6252:
6222:
5625:
4784:
4657:
4179:
4033:
3067:
3057:
2997:
2987:
2718:
1552:
1166:
773:
703:
543:
343:
208:
5222:"Décret n° 2014-1505 du 12 décembre 2014 relatif à la formation en ostéopathie - Legifrance"
5013:
4961:
4078:"Reliability of diagnosis and clinical efficacy of visceral osteopathy: a systematic review"
3032:
3022:
2962:
2952:
1640:). The AOA states that the four major principles of osteopathic medicine are the following:
6232:
6068:
5113:"FINLEX ® - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: Asetus terveydenhuollon ammattihenkilöistä 564/1994"
4898:
3883:
2724:
2200:
2133:
1985:
1773:
1528:
1495:
1482:
1473: 'pain, suffering') began in the United States in 1874. The profession was founded by
1376:
1361:
1136:
865:
648:
511:
439:
387:
308:
215:
160:
137:
79:
64:
31:
5647:
5502:
1838:
that provides support and protection for most structures within the human body, including
8:
6475:
6371:
5343:"Verordnung einer Weiterbildungs- und Prüfungsordnung im Bereich der Osteopathie- Hessen"
4502:
3515:
Wong CK (February 2012). "Strain counterstrain: Current concepts and clinical evidence".
3332:
3096:"A Degree of Difference: The Origins of Osteopathy and First Use of the "DO" Designation"
2469:
2245:
1843:
1765:
1474:
1394:
1233:
783:
568:
481:
258:
5610:
3390:
2182:
1926:
6247:
5317:
5167:
5115:[FINLEX ® - Current legislation: Decree on healthcare professionals 564/1994].
5112:
4279:
4204:
4106:
4077:
4058:
4008:
3981:
3957:
3930:
3908:
3858:
3825:
3608:
2328:
2204:
2000:
1878:
Relative contraindications for the use of lymphatic pump treatments include fractures,
1809:
1757:
1753:
1685:
1573:
1486:
1478:
1151:
1126:
1063:
761:
588:
496:
476:
456:
382:
6064:
Pseudoscience and Extraordinary Claims of the Paranormal: A Critical Thinker's Toolkit
1917:
that OMT reduces pain and improves functional status in acute and chronic nonspecific
6114:
6095:
6072:
6047:
6028:
5992:
5789:
5256:[Order of 12 December 2014 relating to training in osteopathy - Legifrance].
5171:
5159:
5047:
4271:
4231:
4196:
4111:
4050:
4013:
3982:"Osteopathic intervention in chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review"
3962:
3900:
3863:
3845:
3806:
3763:
3732:
3724:
3677:
3613:
3532:
3494:
3372:
3169:
3125:
3117:
3071:
3036:
3001:
2966:
2931:
2897:
2728:
2648:
1922:
1906:
1835:
1739:, and in patients who are very ill or cannot voluntarily relax during the procedure.
1698:
1694:
1613:
1519:
936:
693:
658:
563:
501:
449:
350:
112:
4283:
4208:
4062:
3306:
5441:"The Department of Internal Affairs: New Zealand Gazette – The New Zealand Gazette"
5151:
5139:
4297:
4263:
4188:
4101:
4091:
4042:
4003:
3993:
3952:
3942:
3912:
3892:
3853:
3841:
3837:
3802:
3798:
3714:
3603:
3524:
3486:
3150:
3107:
2923:
2640:
2008:
1996:
1872:
1777:
1736:
1637:
1625:
1617:
1532:
1357:
951:
713:
573:
360:
5585:
5979:
4301:
2100:
2095:
It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge's content policies, particularly
2019:
1973:
1710:
1601:
1507:
1490:
1121:
1078:
663:
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528:
491:
429:
397:
392:
365:
303:
273:
4354:
2927:
2644:
2522:
6439:
6237:
5254:"Arrêté du 12 décembre 2014 relatif à la formation en ostéopathie - Legifrance"
4680:"Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency - Approved Programs of Study"
4251:
4076:
Guillaud, Albin; Darbois, Nelly; Monvoisin, Richard; Pinsault, Nicolas (2018).
3528:
3490:
3260:
1959:
1862:
1819:
1785:
1662:
1414:
1098:
971:
738:
723:
638:
558:
553:
34:
practice, mostly outside of the United States. For the medical discipline, see
5155:
4192:
4096:
4046:
1980:
said that the worth of manipulative therapy had been exaggerated and that the
105:
6469:
6227:
5163:
3998:
3947:
3849:
3728:
3121:
2807:
Six Survivors of First Free State Legislature in Kansas, Topeka Daily Capital
2308:
1918:
1910:
1793:
1789:
1769:
1761:
1749:
1726:
1702:
1386:
1365:
1353:
1033:
1008:
916:
906:
718:
633:
548:
471:
434:
377:
355:
243:
193:
4724:
4424:
3752:"Manual Techniques Addressing the Lymphatic System: Origins and Development"
2199:
on a project to implement a professional osteopathy program consisting of a
1925:
and low-quality evidence for pain reduction in nonspecific low back pain in
1510:
became the convention for treating patients, with aggressive practices like
6082:
4398:
4200:
4115:
4054:
4017:
3966:
3904:
3896:
3867:
3810:
3767:
3736:
3687:
3617:
3589:
3536:
3498:
3376:
3292:
3129:
2901:
2781:. Missouri Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri. Archived from
2652:
2035:
2012:
1867:
Lymphatic pump treatment (LPT) is a manual technique intended to encourage
1706:
1690:
1629:
1511:
1431:
1088:
1058:
931:
810:
698:
623:
523:
518:
424:
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370:
333:
278:
263:
43:
5888:
5865:
4984:
4872:
4275:
3719:
3702:
3651:
3112:
3095:
2582:
6376:
5785:
4897:. Ontario Association of Osteopathic Manual Practitioners. Archived from
4845:. Ontario Association of Osteopathic Manual Practitioners. Archived from
3356:"Center or periphery? The future of osteopathic principles and practices"
2186:
1831:
1657:
Rational therapy is based on consideration of the first three principles.
1648:
1048:
966:
678:
603:
598:
538:
318:
288:
238:
233:
198:
5552:
5422:
4817:
3701:
Pierce-Talsma, Stacey; Cuny, Lee Ann; Franzini, Danielle (1 July 2018).
2248:, issued a position paper on European regulation of osteopathy in 2005.
6299:
6146:
5467:"Master of Osteopathy courses, postgraduate study for a masters degree"
4702:"Osteopathy Board of Australia - Capabilities for osteopathic practice"
4267:
4177:
Posadzki, P.; Ernst, E. (2011). "Osteopathy for Musculoskeletal Pain".
2339:
The practice of osteopathy is regulated by law, under the terms of the
2211:, the program developers decided to abandon the project in 2011, after
2028:
2004:
1977:
1797:
1661:
These principles are not held by Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine to be
1524:
1502:
1381:
1287:
1146:
643:
618:
506:
253:
203:
5007:"hisham khalil: aliastiubathiu eilaj yastahdif aleard walays almarad"
3154:
1385: as having no therapeutic value and have been labeled by them as
6092:
Science in the Art of Osteopathy: Osteopathic Principles and Practice
4937:
3211:
1651:, having the inherent capacity to defend, repair, and remodel itself.
1569:
1466:
1451:
1403:
1398:
1068:
1028:
1003:
708:
668:
533:
47:
3774:
3624:
2575:"Promoting DOs: Words and medium change, but message stays the same"
2277:
is a governmentally recognized profession and has title protection,
1556:
and by that time four states recognized osteopathy as a profession.
1481:
surgeon, and Kansas territorial and state legislator. He lived near
145:
5677:"Standards of education and training - General Osteopathic Council"
3144:
2283:. The most recent decree regarding osteopathy was enacted in 2014.
2196:
2015:, and other outdated practices into the pages of medical history."
1847:
1818:
increasing circulation and lymphatic drainage, and stimulating the
1781:
1621:
1390:
1349:
1247:
981:
889:
728:
182:
3393:. American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM)
3171:
The philosophy and mechanical principles of osteopathy (full text)
1225:
6113:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
6027:(3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
5970:
American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (2011);
5881:"Promoting DOs: Words, medium change, but message stays the same"
2888:
Guglielmo, WJ (1998). "Are D.O.s losing their unique identity?".
2412:(DO). With the increased internationalization of osteopathy, the
1879:
1748:
restriction. The use of HVLA is contraindicated in patients with
1609:
1564:
1073:
991:
956:
946:
688:
6042:
Savarese, Robert G.; Copabianco, John D.; Cox, James J. (2009).
4075:
2918:
McKone, W. Llewellyn (1 January 1997). "History of osteopathy".
6398:
6135:
5042:. 21 February 2005. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011.
4541:
4331:
1839:
1823:
1732:
1589:
1581:
1540:
1518:
After experiencing the loss of his wife and three daughters to
1161:
986:
941:
608:
2809:, Missouri's Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri"
2779:"Medical registration for Adair County, MO dated 28 July 1883"
2751:
Medical Registration for Macon County, MO as of March 27, 1874
1882:
or localized infections, and severe bacterial infections with
6061:
Smith, J.C. (2009). "Manipulative and Body-based Practices".
5142:[What is osteopathy? Part 1: Osteopathy in Finland].
4810:"MSUCOM pilot program targets Canadian students for training"
4612:"Board of Australia Codes & Guidelines of the Profession"
4468:"Osteopathic services | Department of Veterans' Affairs"
4446:
4130:"Osteopathic Manipulative Therpay & OMT Cleveland Clinic"
3288:
History of Osteopathy: And Twentieth-century Medical Practice
1883:
1868:
1585:
1038:
1013:
894:
444:
27:
Alternative medicine emphasizing muscle and bone manipulation
4589:
3554:"Glossary of Osteopathic Terminology, November 2011 Edition"
3059:
Natures Cures:The History of Alternative Medicine in America
3024:
Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America
2989:
Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America
2954:
Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America
2753:, Missouri Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri"
2494:"Osteopathy in the NICU: False Claims and False Dichotomies"
1742:
5357:"Iniciativa - Atividade Parlamentar e Processo Legislativo"
4636:
1577:
1402:
Treatment (OMT) techniques are most commonly used to treat
1369:
1023:
877:
6022:
5775:
5730:
5531:
5526:
4935:[Université Laval closes the door to osteopathy].
4837:
4835:
4563:
3657:
3645:
3459:
3447:
2521:. NYU Langone Medical Center. 23 July 2012. Archived from
4302:"The Elephant in the Room: Does OMT Have Proved Benefit?"
4155:
3700:
1644:
The body is an integrated unit of mind, body, and spirit.
69:
OMT technique for the treatment of impotence in the 1898
3476:
2434:
American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine
4832:
976:
6023:
DiGiovanna, Eileen; Schiowitz, S; Dowling, DD (2005).
5903:"H315-A/15 Osteopath and Osteopathy - Use of the Term"
2088:
A major contributor to this section appears to have a
6041:
4737:"Ontario Medicine Act – Restricted Titles, Section 9"
3780:
3630:
2631:
Howell, Joel D. (1999). "The Paradox of Osteopathy".
1654:
Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated.
1494:
common in the early 19th century among proponents of
1417:
and is no longer a degree of non-medical osteopathy.
1393:. The techniques are based on an ideology created by
6008:"Pump it up: osteopathic manipulation and influenza"
5778:"Chapter 10. Complementary and Alternative Medicine"
5036:"Position Statement on the draft Services Directive"
4588:. Osteopathic International Alliance. Archived from
4501:. Osteopathic International Alliance. Archived from
4423:. Osteopathic International Alliance. Archived from
2058:
The following sections describe the legal status of
1364:
that emphasizes physical manipulation of the body's
5009:هشام خليل: الاستيوباثي علاج يستهدف العرض وليس المرض
4933:"L'Université Laval ferme la porte à l'ostéopathie"
4871:. Canadian Federation of Osteopaths. Archived from
3756:
The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
3707:
The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
3100:
The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
2720:
Manipulative Therapies: Osteopathy and Chiropractic
2597:"Style Guide for Reporting on Osteopathic Medicine"
1984:(AOA) was acting unethically by failing to condemn
1965:In a 1995 conference address, the president of the
6025:An Osteopathic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment
5669:
5138:Hopeapuu, Elessar; Ulvinen, Anssi (15 June 2022).
4520:
3743:
3676:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 568.
2599:. American Osteopathic Association. Archived from
2341:Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003
1568:Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) involves
1427:Osteopathic medicine in the United States: History
4985:"The History of the Egyptian Osteopathic Society"
4224:The Feminine Touch: Women in Osteopathic Medicine
3928:
3792:
3413:"Statement of Healthcare Policies and Principles"
3233:"Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation"
2143:The Osteopathy Board of Australia is part of the
6467:
5140:"Mitä osteopatia on? Osa 1: Osteopatia Suomessa"
5088:[Development of Osteopathy in Belgium].
4637:"Australia Health Professions Regulatory Agency"
3880:
3641:
3639:
3510:
3508:
2145:Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency
1842:. This soft tissue can become restricted due to
1776:. HVLA is also contraindicated in patients with
5137:
4631:
4629:
3823:
2416:(AOA) recommended in 2010 that the older terms
5989:Osteopathy in Britain: The First Hundred Years
5615:Link to both original act and latest revision.
4926:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4144:
3588:Roberge, Raymond J.; Roberge, Marc R. (2009).
3587:
2716:
2355:required to complete an assessment procedure.
2042:
6162:
4176:
4030:
3924:
3922:
3826:"Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults"
3636:
3505:
3453:
3441:
2280:autorisation d'utiliser le titre d'ostéopathe
2136:) under the Chronic Disease Management plan.
1397:(1828–1917) which posits the existence of a "
1322:
1193:
5086:"Développement de l'Ostéopathie en Belgique"
4626:
4566:. Allied Health Professions Australia (AHPA)
4564:"Allied Health Professions Australia (AHPA)"
3929:Franke H, Franke JD, Fryer G (August 2014).
3583:
3581:
3579:
3347:
3174:. Kansas City, Mo.: Hudson-Kimberly Pub. Co.
2511:
2455:List of medical schools in the United States
2278:
2229:
1760:, and in pathologic bone conditions such as
5824:
4913:
4761:British Columbia Medical Practitioners Act,
4369:
4250:
3979:
3830:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3472:
3470:
3468:
3291:. Press of Jennings and Graham – via
3203:
1856:
6169:
6155:
5879:Croby, John B. Crosby (3 September 2010).
5847:
5782:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
5769:
4346:
4254:(April 1988). "Paranormal health claims".
4244:
4083:BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
4024:
3919:
3479:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
2347:In New Zealand a course is offered at the
2331:offers BSc and MSc Osteopathy programmes.
1477:, a 19th-century American physician (MD),
1329:
1315:
1200:
1186:
269:Association for Research and Enlightenment
63:
6190:Osteopathic medicine in the United States
6005:
4725:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3158-y
4105:
4095:
4007:
3997:
3956:
3946:
3937:(Systematic review & meta-analysis).
3857:
3718:
3607:
3576:
3285:Booth, Emmons Rutledge (1 January 1905).
3111:
2887:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2465:Osteopathic medicine in the United States
2400:Osteopathic medicine in the United States
2119:Learn how and when to remove this message
1913:of 15 randomized controlled trials found
1743:High-velocity, low-amplitude manipulation
1217:Osteopathic medicine in the United States
40:Osteopathic medicine in the United States
6176:
5731:"London College of Osteopathic Medicine"
4660:. Osteopathyboard.gov.au. 1 January 2022
4324:
4290:
3874:
3658:DiGiovanna, Schiowitz & Dowling 2005
3646:DiGiovanna, Schiowitz & Dowling 2005
3548:
3546:
3465:
3460:DiGiovanna, Schiowitz & Dowling 2005
3448:DiGiovanna, Schiowitz & Dowling 2005
3280:
3278:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2710:
1967:Association of American Medical Colleges
1563:
1430:
5986:
5072:Service Public Fédéral - Santé publique
4658:"Osteopathy Board of Australia - Forms"
4375:
4357:. National Council Against Health Fraud
4327:"Osteopathic Physicians Versus Doctors"
4296:
3973:
3795:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3703:"Osteopathic Lymphatic Pump Techniques"
3514:
3481:(Systematic review and meta-analysis).
3209:
3186:
3055:
3020:
2985:
2950:
2377:Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine
14:
6468:
4982:
4930:
4763:Section 40 Registration of Osteopaths"
4352:
3749:
3353:
3325:
3093:
2917:
2630:
2615:
2572:
2491:
1886:higher than 102 °F (39 °C).
1717:, severe illness, and recent surgery.
6150:
6089:
6060:
5878:
5850:"AOA House reasserts preferred terms
5848:Schierhorn, Carolyn (4 August 2010).
5575:"Osteopathic Medicine in New Zealand"
5186:"Article 75, Public Health Law(2002)"
4221:
3669:
3595:Western Journal of Emergency Medicine
3543:
3284:
3275:
3238:. State of New Jersey. Archived from
3167:
3142:
3089:
3087:
2913:
2911:
2870:
2487:
2485:
2358:The scope of practice for US-trained
1803:
1788:or vertebral arteries. People taking
1439:The practice of osteopathy (from
6111:Foundations for Osteopathic Medicine
6108:
5553:"Osteopathic Council of New Zealand"
4959:
4586:"Osteopathic International Alliance"
4447:"Osteopathic International Alliance"
4397:
4325:Salzberg, Steven (27 October 2010).
2519:"Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment"
2073:
1772:, osteoporosis, and severe cases of
6274:List of osteopathic medical schools
5973:Glossary of Osteopathic Terminology
5829:. U.S. National Library of Medicine
4964:. Physical Therapists of Egypt Blog
4401:(2021). "Osteopathy Then and Now".
3781:Savarese, Copabianco & Cox 2009
3673:Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine
3631:Savarese, Copabianco & Cox 2009
1995:In 2004, the osteopathic physician
1955:tensions between the two continue.
1936:The New England Journal of Medicine
1243:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)
24:
6094:. Cheltenham, UK: Nelson Thornes.
5964:
5582:Osteopathic International Alliance
5499:Osteopathic International Alliance
5314:Osteopathic International Alliance
5040:General Osteopathic Council (GOsC)
4318:
3210:Carroll, R.T. (27 November 2015).
3084:
2979:
2908:
2482:
1406:and other musculoskeletal issues.
25:
6502:
6128:
4353:Jarvis, W.T. (29 December 2000).
3094:Gevitz, Norman (1 January 2014).
2370:
2238:
1268:Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine
339:Chiropractic treatment techniques
18:Osteopathic manipulative medicine
6134:
5931:
5910:American Osteopathic Association
5895:
5872:
5841:
5827:"Doctor of Osteopathic medicine"
5818:
5796:
5744:
5723:
5696:
5640:
5618:
5603:
5567:
5545:
5532:"Medical Council of New Zealand"
5520:
5484:
5459:
5433:
5415:
5393:
5375:"Faculty of Health and Wellness"
5367:
5349:
5335:
5299:
5282:
5264:
5068:"Pratiques non-conventionnelles"
4869:"Who is an Osteopath in Canada?"
4376:Barrett, S. (11 February 2018).
3560:. pp. 30–31. Archived from
3420:American Osteopathic Association
2920:Osteopathic Athletic Health Care
2837:. Cdm.sos.mo.gov. Archived from
2811:. Cdm.sos.mo.gov. Archived from
2414:American Osteopathic Association
2393:
2099:. Please discuss further on the
2078:
2055:osteopathic medical education.
1982:American Osteopathic Association
1889:
1720:
1668:
1598:American Osteopathic Association
1224:
1142:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
144:
42:. For diseases of the bone, see
6406:Journal of Osteopathic Medicine
6351:Directors and Medical Educators
5246:
5232:
5214:
5200:
5178:
5131:
5104:
5078:
5060:
5028:
4999:
4976:
4953:
4931:Allard, Marc (3 October 2011).
4887:
4861:
4802:
4787:Alberta Medical Profession Act,
4777:
4751:
4729:
4716:
4694:
4672:
4650:
4604:
4578:
4556:
4534:
4488:
4474:
4460:
4439:
4413:
4391:
4378:"Dubious Aspects of Osteopathy"
4215:
4170:
4122:
4069:
3817:
3786:
3694:
3663:
3405:
3383:
3333:"What Is Osteopathic Medicine?"
3299:
3249:
3225:
3180:
3161:
3143:Peter, Wagner (11 April 2011).
3136:
3049:
3014:
2944:
2853:
2827:
2797:
2771:
2741:
2667:"Dubious Aspects of Osteopathy"
2633:New England Journal of Medicine
2573:Crosby, J. (3 September 2010).
2436:made a similar recommendation.
2192:Collège d'études ostéopathiques
1533:magnetic and electrical healing
178:Alternative veterinary medicine
6356:American Academy of Osteopathy
6279:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
6195:Osteopathic medicine in Canada
5806:. North Carolina Medical Board
5757:. American Medical Association
5528:Medical Council of New Zealand
5110:
4355:"Osteopathy's Sectarian Roots"
3842:10.1002/14651858.CD006338.pub4
3803:10.1002/14651858.CD001002.pub2
3391:"What is Osteopathic Medicine"
2692:"Why Cranial Therapy Is Silly"
2684:
2659:
2589:
2566:
2537:
2450:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
2410:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
2349:Unitec Institute of Technology
2334:
2167:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
1411:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
801:Water fluoridation controversy
757:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
36:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
13:
1:
5628:. General Osteopathic Council
4739:. Province of Ontario, Canada
4228:Truman State University Press
3986:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
3935:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
3193:Early American Manual Therapy
3168:Still, Andrew Taylor (1892).
2922:. Springer US. pp. 1–9.
2717:Vincent C, Furnham A (1997).
2475:
1715:vertebrobasilar insufficiency
1234:Andrew Taylor Still (founder)
1172:Wilson's temperature syndrome
1157:Multiple chemical sensitivity
284:Biological terrain assessment
6218:Balanced ligamentous tension
6006:Crislip M (4 October 2013).
3980:Orrock PJ, Myers SP (2013).
3257:"Osteopathic Virtual Museum"
2460:List of osteopathic colleges
2069:
1949:
7:
5709:General Osteopathic Council
5682:General Osteopathic Council
5656:General Osteopathic Council
5492:"Osteopathy in New Zealand"
3187:Webster, George V. (1919).
2928:10.1007/978-1-4899-3067-5_1
2896:(8): 200–2, 207–10, 213–4.
2645:10.1056/NEJM199911043411910
2443:
2384:General Osteopathic Council
2314:
2203:followed by a professional
2043:Regulation and legal status
1559:
1435:Andrew Taylor Still in 1914
1348:, which is a branch of the
833:Alternative medical systems
462:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
228:Fringe medicine and science
10:
6507:
5991:. London: Martin Collins.
5947:Cambridge University Press
5648:"Training and registering"
4843:"Who Provides Osteopathy?"
4152:"Osteopathy – NHS Choices"
3670:Chila, Anthony G. (2010).
3529:10.1016/j.math.2011.10.001
3491:10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.09.010
3056:Whorton, James C. (2002).
3021:Whorton, James C. (2002).
2986:Whorton, James C. (2002).
2951:Whorton, James C. (2002).
2397:
2286:
2260:
2251:
1860:
1807:
1752:due to instability of the
1724:
1672:
1649:self-regulatory mechanisms
1460:
1445:
1424:
1420:
1413:degree, however, became a
843:Biologically based therapy
403:Dental amalgam controversy
30:This article is about the
29:
6448:
6422:
6390:
6382:William Garner Sutherland
6364:
6313:
6292:
6266:
6203:
6182:
5427:osteopathiccouncil.org.nz
5156:10.37451/kuntoutus.120025
5052:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4496:"Osteopathy in Australia"
4222:Quinn, Thomas A. (2011).
4193:10.1007/s10067-010-1600-6
4097:10.1186/s12906-018-2098-8
4047:10.1007/s10067-010-1600-6
3750:Chikly, Bruno J. (2005).
2269:
2230:Egypt and the Middle East
2176:
2159:
1915:moderate-quality evidence
1884:body temperature elevated
1822:of muscles and overlying
1800:should not receive HVLA.
1458: 'bone' and
1379:, have been described by
467:Facilitated communication
111:
99:
85:
78:
62:
57:
6109:Ward, Robert C. (2002).
6090:Stone, Caroline (2002).
6010:. Science-based Medicine
5987:Collins, Martin (2005).
5943:dictionary.cambridge.org
5008:
4704:. Osteopathyboard.gov.au
3999:10.1186/1471-2474-14-129
3948:10.1186/1471-2474-15-286
2323:
2066:in each country listed.
1857:Lymphatic pump treatment
1132:Candida hypersensitivity
314:Fake COVID-19 treatments
128:This article is part of
6243:Muscle energy technique
5704:"Becoming an osteopath"
5307:"Osteopathy in Germany"
4983:Khalil, Hesham (2014).
3354:Gevitz N (March 2006).
3311:Popular Science Monthly
3189:"Concerning Osteopathy"
3064:Oxford University Press
3029:Oxford University Press
2994:Oxford University Press
2959:Oxford University Press
1943:National Health Service
1675:Muscle energy technique
806:COVID-19 misinformation
734:Young blood transfusion
614:Orthomolecular medicine
579:Mind–body interventions
249:Anthroposophic medicine
189:Rise of modern medicine
6284:Accrediting Commission
6213:Articulatory technique
6046:. Robert G. Savarese.
5978:2 October 2013 at the
5912:. 2015. Archived from
5111:Oy, Edita Publishing.
4960:Rizk, Mohamed (2007).
4616:osteopathyboard.gov.au
4544:. Osteopathy Australia
4542:"Osteopathy Australia"
3897:10.1542/peds.2012-3959
2861:"Baldwin City, Kansas"
2360:osteopathic physicians
2279:
2049:osteopathic physicians
2025:orthomolecular therapy
1593:
1436:
1293:MD & DO Comparison
838:Mind–body intervention
789:MMR vaccine and autism
779:Vaccine misinformation
674:Rapid prompting method
6413:Journal of Osteopathy
6258:Soft tissue technique
6253:Paraspinal inhibition
6223:Chapman reflex points
6069:John Wiley & Sons
5852:osteopathic physician
5611:"Osteopaths Act 1993"
4530:. Medicare Australia.
4180:Clinical Rheumatology
4037:(Systematic review).
4034:Clinical Rheumatology
3988:(Systematic review).
3720:10.7556/jaoa.2018.112
3146:History of Osteopathy
3113:10.7556/jaoa.2014.005
2725:John Wiley & Sons
2492:Snyder, John (2014).
2430:osteopathic physician
2406:osteopathic physician
2189:was working with the
2097:neutral point of view
1848:diminished blood flow
1567:
1553:Journal of Osteopathy
1434:
1167:Vertebral subluxation
1116:Alternative diagnoses
704:Thought Field Therapy
344:Vertebral subluxation
6481:Alternative medicine
6454:Osteopathic medicine
6177:Osteopathic medicine
6143:at Wikimedia Commons
5856:osteopathic medicine
5825:MedlinePlus (2012).
5804:"Consumer Info FAQs"
5792:on 24 December 2013.
4622:on 19 February 2011.
4307:J Am Osteopath Assoc
3364:J Am Osteopath Assoc
3245:on 8 September 2008.
2426:osteopathic medicine
2297:osteopathic medicine
2064:osteopathic medicine
1986:craniosacral therapy
1796:, or who have local
1784:, or disease of the
1774:rheumatoid arthritis
1756:which may stem from
1686:isotonic contraction
1529:Andrew Jackson Davis
1496:alternative medicine
1483:Baldwin City, Kansas
1377:craniosacral therapy
1362:alternative medicine
1346:osteopathic medicine
1253:US Medical education
1137:Chronic Lyme disease
866:Traditional medicine
848:Manipulative methods
649:Postural Integration
512:Bach flower remedies
388:Craniosacral therapy
216:Therapeutic nihilism
161:Alternative medicine
138:Alternative medicine
32:alternative medicine
6372:Andrew Taylor Still
5891:on 12 October 2013.
3199:on 5 December 2010.
2585:on 12 October 2013.
2470:Spinal manipulation
2362:is unlimited on an
2246:Osteopaths Act 1993
2209:faculty of medicine
2181:Beginning in 2009,
1871:flow in a person's
1844:psychogenic disease
1766:pathologic fracture
1705:or strains, severe
1647:The body possesses
1475:Andrew Taylor Still
1395:Andrew Taylor Still
784:Vaccines and autism
774:Anti-vaccinationism
767:OPV AIDS hypothesis
569:Megavitamin therapy
482:Functional medicine
259:Applied kinesiology
155:General information
80:Alternative therapy
71:Osteopathy Complete
6346:Specialty colleges
6248:Myofascial release
5868:on 6 October 2013.
5626:"About osteopathy"
5555:. 19 February 2009
5379:Sri Sri University
5295:(in French). 2014.
5278:(in French). 2014.
5276:legifrance.gouv.fr
5260:(in French). 2014.
5258:legifrance.gouv.fr
5242:(in French). 2014.
5228:(in French). 2014.
5226:legifrance.gouv.fr
5210:(in French). 2014.
5074:. 27 January 2016.
4789:Sections 3 and 18"
4268:10.1007/bf01961267
4230:. pp. 81–85.
4132:. Cleveland Clinic
2785:on 29 October 2013
2759:on 29 October 2013
2525:on 29 October 2014
2329:Sri Sri University
2001:emergency medicine
1815:Myofascial release
1810:Myofascial release
1804:Myofascial release
1758:ligamentous laxity
1754:atlantoaxial joint
1737:vertebral arteries
1695:joint dislocations
1594:
1487:American Civil War
1437:
1352:profession in the
1298:Specialty Colleges
1152:Leaky gut syndrome
1127:Aerotoxic syndrome
1064:Prophetic medicine
762:HIV/AIDS denialism
589:Myofascial release
497:Holistic dentistry
477:Feldenkrais Method
457:Estrogen dominance
383:Conversion therapy
6463:
6462:
6435:California merger
6139:Media related to
6101:978-0-7487-3328-6
6078:978-1-4443-1013-9
6034:978-0-7817-4293-1
5998:978-1-4196-0784-4
5784:(16th ed.).
5381:. 5 December 2020
4298:Bledsoe, Bryan E.
4158:. 11 October 2011
3313:: 710. March 1898
3307:"General Notices"
3077:978-0-19-514071-2
3042:978-0-19-514071-2
3007:978-0-19-514071-2
2972:978-0-19-514071-2
2937:978-0-412-59090-0
2890:Medical Economics
2734:978-0-471-96645-6
2367:medical schools.
2291:Germany has both
2201:bachelor's degree
2129:
2128:
2121:
2092:with its subject.
2039:to that of DOs."
1999:, a professor of
1907:systematic review
1836:connective tissue
1834:component of the
1699:joint instability
1614:patient education
1596:According to the
1520:spinal meningitis
1339:
1338:
1210:
1209:
937:Chinese herbology
694:Scientific racism
659:Psychodermatology
564:Medical intuitive
544:Lightning Process
502:Hologram bracelet
450:Therapeutic touch
351:Christian Science
324:Cancer treatments
123:
122:
16:(Redirected from
6498:
6341:Specialty Boards
6171:
6164:
6157:
6148:
6147:
6138:
6124:
6105:
6086:
6057:
6038:
6019:
6017:
6015:
6002:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5935:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5918:
5907:
5899:
5893:
5892:
5887:. Archived from
5876:
5870:
5869:
5864:. Archived from
5845:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5811:
5800:
5794:
5793:
5788:. Archived from
5773:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5756:
5748:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5727:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5716:
5700:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5673:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5644:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5622:
5616:
5614:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5590:
5584:. Archived from
5579:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5549:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5507:
5501:. Archived from
5496:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5474:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5443:. Archived from
5437:
5431:
5430:
5419:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5322:
5316:. Archived from
5311:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5286:
5280:
5279:
5268:
5262:
5261:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5236:
5230:
5229:
5218:
5212:
5211:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5108:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5082:
5076:
5075:
5064:
5058:
5057:
5051:
5043:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5016:on 8 August 2014
5003:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4980:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4928:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4901:on 24 April 2014
4891:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4875:on 25 April 2014
4865:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4849:on 24 April 2014
4839:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4820:on 24 April 2014
4816:. Archived from
4806:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4733:
4727:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4633:
4624:
4623:
4618:. Archived from
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4508:on 24 March 2012
4507:
4500:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4109:
4099:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4011:
4001:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3960:
3950:
3926:
3917:
3916:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3861:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3722:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3667:
3661:
3660:, pp. 80–1.
3655:
3649:
3643:
3634:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3611:
3585:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3512:
3503:
3502:
3474:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3428:
3422:. Archived from
3417:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3360:
3359:(Free full text)
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3263:on 16 March 2012
3259:. Archived from
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3237:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3195:. Archived from
3184:
3178:
3175:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3115:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3018:
3012:
3011:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2961:, Inc. pp.
2948:
2942:
2941:
2915:
2906:
2905:
2885:
2868:
2867:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2755:. Archived from
2745:
2739:
2738:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2628:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2581:. Archived from
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2554:on 20 March 2016
2553:
2547:. Archived from
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2489:
2282:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2183:Université Laval
2124:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2090:close connection
2082:
2081:
2074:
2009:magnetic healing
1997:Bryan E. Bledsoe
1940:
1923:postpartum women
1873:lymphatic system
1786:carotid arteries
1778:vascular disease
1626:physical therapy
1470:
1464:
1455:
1449:
1358:pseudoscientific
1331:
1324:
1317:
1228:
1219:
1212:
1211:
1202:
1195:
1188:
952:Gill plate trade
714:Vaginal steaming
361:Colloidal silver
329:Charcoal cleanse
148:
125:
124:
95:
67:
55:
54:
21:
6506:
6505:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6496:
6495:
6466:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6444:
6418:
6386:
6360:
6336:Student Council
6309:
6288:
6262:
6199:
6178:
6175:
6131:
6121:
6102:
6079:
6071:. p. 342.
6054:
6035:
6013:
6011:
5999:
5980:Wayback Machine
5967:
5965:Further reading
5962:
5961:
5951:
5949:
5937:
5936:
5932:
5922:
5920:
5919:on 6 April 2018
5916:
5905:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5877:
5873:
5846:
5842:
5832:
5830:
5823:
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5770:
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5754:
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5735:
5733:
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5728:
5724:
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5712:
5702:
5701:
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5685:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5660:
5658:
5646:
5645:
5641:
5631:
5629:
5624:
5623:
5619:
5609:
5608:
5604:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5577:
5573:
5572:
5568:
5558:
5556:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5536:
5534:
5525:
5521:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5494:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5472:
5470:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5450:
5448:
5447:on 20 July 2012
5439:
5438:
5434:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5406:
5404:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5384:
5382:
5373:
5372:
5368:
5355:
5354:
5350:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5283:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5238:
5237:
5233:
5220:
5219:
5215:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5191:
5189:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5136:
5132:
5122:
5120:
5109:
5105:
5095:
5093:
5084:
5083:
5079:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5045:
5044:
5034:
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5019:
5017:
5010:
5005:
5004:
5000:
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4988:
4981:
4977:
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4965:
4958:
4954:
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4929:
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4876:
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4852:
4850:
4841:
4840:
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4808:
4807:
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4791:
4783:
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4757:
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4752:
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4734:
4730:
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4627:
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4595:
4593:
4592:on 26 June 2014
4584:
4583:
4579:
4569:
4567:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4547:
4545:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4430:
4428:
4427:on 26 June 2012
4419:
4418:
4414:
4396:
4392:
4382:
4380:
4374:
4370:
4360:
4358:
4351:
4347:
4337:
4335:
4323:
4319:
4295:
4291:
4249:
4245:
4238:
4220:
4216:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4135:
4133:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4074:
4070:
4029:
4025:
3978:
3974:
3927:
3920:
3879:
3875:
3836:(9): CD006338.
3822:
3818:
3797:(2): CD001002.
3791:
3787:
3779:
3775:
3748:
3744:
3699:
3695:
3684:
3668:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3644:
3637:
3629:
3625:
3586:
3577:
3567:
3565:
3564:on 21 July 2012
3552:
3551:
3544:
3513:
3506:
3475:
3466:
3462:, pp. 86–8
3458:
3454:
3450:, pp. 83–5
3446:
3442:
3432:
3430:
3429:on 11 June 2012
3426:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3358:
3352:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3283:
3276:
3266:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3242:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3208:
3204:
3185:
3181:
3166:
3162:
3141:
3137:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3019:
3015:
3008:
2984:
2980:
2973:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2916:
2909:
2886:
2871:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2788:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2629:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2571:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2498:
2496:
2490:
2483:
2478:
2446:
2402:
2396:
2373:
2337:
2326:
2317:
2289:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2241:
2232:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2205:master's degree
2179:
2162:
2125:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2094:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2045:
2034:Science writer
2020:Steven Salzberg
1974:Stephen Barrett
1952:
1938:
1899:Cochrane review
1892:
1865:
1859:
1812:
1806:
1764:, history of a
1745:
1729:
1723:
1711:whiplash injury
1677:
1671:
1602:pharmacotherapy
1562:
1508:Heroic medicine
1491:musculoskeletal
1429:
1423:
1335:
1215:
1206:
1177:
1176:
1122:Adrenal fatigue
1117:
1109:
1108:
883:Southern Africa
868:
858:
857:
828:
826:Classifications
818:
817:
794:in chiropractic
752:
744:
743:
664:Quantum healing
654:Psychic surgery
529:Ionized jewelry
492:Herbal medicine
440:Esoteric energy
430:Energy medicine
398:Cupping therapy
393:Crystal healing
366:Colon cleansing
304:Bowen technique
274:Auriculotherapy
229:
221:
220:
156:
91:
74:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6504:
6494:
6493:
6488:
6486:Manual therapy
6483:
6478:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6457:
6449:
6446:
6445:
6443:
6442:
6440:Flexner Report
6437:
6432:
6426:
6424:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6394:
6392:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6368:
6366:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6317:
6315:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6307:
6302:
6296:
6294:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6270:
6268:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6238:Lymphatic pump
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6209:
6207:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6179:
6174:
6173:
6166:
6159:
6151:
6145:
6144:
6130:
6129:External links
6127:
6126:
6125:
6119:
6106:
6100:
6087:
6077:
6058:
6053:978-0967009018
6052:
6039:
6033:
6020:
6003:
5997:
5984:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5930:
5894:
5871:
5840:
5817:
5795:
5768:
5743:
5722:
5695:
5668:
5639:
5617:
5602:
5591:on 2 June 2013
5566:
5544:
5519:
5508:on 2 June 2013
5483:
5458:
5432:
5414:
5392:
5366:
5348:
5334:
5323:on 2 June 2013
5298:
5281:
5263:
5245:
5231:
5213:
5199:
5177:
5146:(in Finnish).
5130:
5103:
5090:osteopathie.be
5077:
5059:
5027:
4998:
4975:
4952:
4912:
4886:
4860:
4831:
4801:
4776:
4750:
4728:
4715:
4693:
4682:. Ahpra.gov.au
4671:
4649:
4625:
4603:
4577:
4555:
4533:
4519:
4487:
4473:
4459:
4438:
4412:
4390:
4368:
4345:
4317:
4289:
4243:
4236:
4214:
4169:
4143:
4121:
4068:
4023:
3972:
3918:
3873:
3816:
3785:
3783:, p. 126.
3773:
3762:(10): 457–64.
3742:
3713:(7): e43–e44.
3693:
3682:
3662:
3650:
3635:
3633:, p. 146.
3623:
3575:
3542:
3517:Manual Therapy
3504:
3464:
3452:
3440:
3404:
3382:
3371:(3): 122–123.
3346:
3324:
3298:
3274:
3248:
3224:
3202:
3179:
3160:
3135:
3083:
3076:
3048:
3041:
3013:
3006:
2978:
2971:
2943:
2936:
2907:
2869:
2852:
2841:on 7 July 2012
2826:
2815:on 8 July 2012
2796:
2770:
2740:
2733:
2727:. p. 15.
2709:
2696:quackwatch.com
2683:
2671:quackwatch.org
2658:
2639:(19): 1465–8.
2614:
2603:on 14 May 2013
2588:
2565:
2536:
2510:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2445:
2442:
2398:Main article:
2395:
2392:
2372:
2371:United Kingdom
2369:
2336:
2333:
2325:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2288:
2285:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2240:
2239:European Union
2237:
2231:
2228:
2178:
2175:
2161:
2158:
2127:
2126:
2086:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2044:
2041:
1960:Petr Skrabanek
1951:
1948:
1927:pregnant women
1891:
1888:
1863:Lymphatic pump
1861:Main article:
1858:
1855:
1820:stretch reflex
1808:Main article:
1805:
1802:
1794:anticoagulants
1744:
1741:
1725:Main article:
1722:
1719:
1691:crush injuries
1673:Main article:
1670:
1667:
1663:empirical laws
1659:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1645:
1606:rehabilitation
1561:
1558:
1422:
1419:
1415:medical degree
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1221:
1220:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
995:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
972:Pressure point
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
903:
902:
897:
887:
886:
885:
880:
869:
864:
863:
860:
859:
856:
855:
853:Energy therapy
850:
845:
840:
835:
829:
824:
823:
820:
819:
816:
815:
814:
813:
803:
798:
797:
796:
791:
786:
781:
771:
770:
769:
759:
753:
750:
749:
746:
745:
742:
741:
739:Zero balancing
736:
731:
726:
724:Vision therapy
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
639:Parapsychology
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
559:Manual therapy
556:
554:Magnet therapy
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
515:
514:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
453:
452:
447:
442:
437:
427:
422:
417:
416:
415:
408:Detoxification
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
374:
373:
363:
358:
353:
348:
347:
346:
341:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
230:
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
213:
212:
211:
201:
196:
191:
186:
185:(health fraud)
180:
175:
174:
173:
168:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
141:
140:
134:
133:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
103:
97:
96:
89:
83:
82:
76:
75:
68:
60:
59:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6503:
6492:
6491:Pseudoscience
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6456:
6455:
6451:
6450:
6447:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6421:
6415:
6414:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6389:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6363:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6314:Organizations
6312:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6265:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6228:Counterstrain
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6206:
6202:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6172:
6167:
6165:
6160:
6158:
6153:
6152:
6149:
6142:
6137:
6133:
6132:
6122:
6120:0-7817-3497-5
6116:
6112:
6107:
6103:
6097:
6093:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6074:
6070:
6066:
6065:
6059:
6055:
6049:
6045:
6040:
6036:
6030:
6026:
6021:
6009:
6004:
6000:
5994:
5990:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5969:
5968:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5934:
5915:
5911:
5904:
5898:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5875:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5857:
5853:
5844:
5828:
5821:
5805:
5799:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5772:
5753:
5747:
5732:
5726:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5699:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5672:
5657:
5653:
5649:
5643:
5627:
5621:
5612:
5606:
5587:
5583:
5576:
5570:
5554:
5548:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5504:
5500:
5493:
5487:
5480:
5468:
5462:
5446:
5442:
5436:
5428:
5424:
5418:
5402:
5396:
5380:
5376:
5370:
5362:
5361:parlamento.pt
5358:
5352:
5344:
5338:
5319:
5315:
5308:
5302:
5291:
5285:
5277:
5273:
5267:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5241:
5235:
5227:
5223:
5217:
5209:
5203:
5187:
5181:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5134:
5118:
5117:www.finlex.fi
5114:
5107:
5091:
5087:
5081:
5073:
5069:
5063:
5055:
5049:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5015:
5011:
5002:
4986:
4979:
4963:
4956:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4900:
4896:
4890:
4874:
4870:
4864:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4836:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4790:
4788:
4780:
4765:. 1 June 2009
4764:
4762:
4754:
4738:
4732:
4726:
4719:
4703:
4697:
4681:
4675:
4659:
4653:
4638:
4632:
4630:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4565:
4559:
4543:
4537:
4529:
4523:
4504:
4497:
4491:
4483:
4477:
4469:
4463:
4448:
4442:
4426:
4422:
4421:"Directories"
4416:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4399:Hall, Harriet
4394:
4379:
4372:
4356:
4349:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4321:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4239:
4237:9781935503132
4233:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4187:(2): 285–91.
4186:
4182:
4181:
4173:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4131:
4125:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4072:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4041:(2): 285–91.
4040:
4036:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3976:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3925:
3923:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3891:(1): 140–52.
3890:
3886:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3820:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3777:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3746:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3697:
3689:
3685:
3683:9780781766715
3679:
3675:
3674:
3666:
3659:
3654:
3647:
3642:
3640:
3632:
3627:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3511:
3509:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3485:(2): 165–73.
3484:
3480:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3461:
3456:
3449:
3444:
3425:
3421:
3414:
3408:
3392:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3357:
3350:
3334:
3328:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3281:
3279:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3241:
3234:
3228:
3213:
3206:
3198:
3194:
3190:
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2698:. 15 May 2004
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2309:Heilpraktiker
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2056:
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2026:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1983:
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1975:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1947:
1944:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1919:low back pain
1916:
1912:
1911:meta-analysis
1908:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1890:Effectiveness
1887:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1790:ciprofloxacin
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1770:osteomyelitis
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1750:Down syndrome
1740:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1727:Counterstrain
1721:Counterstrain
1718:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1703:muscle spasms
1700:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1669:Muscle energy
1666:
1664:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1646:
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1566:
1557:
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1554:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1531:and ideas of
1530:
1526:
1521:
1516:
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1509:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1485:, during the
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1441:Ancient Greek
1433:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:pseudoscience
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1366:muscle tissue
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:United States
1351:
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1097:
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1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1009:Faith healing
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
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958:
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953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
929:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
917:Bush medicine
915:
913:
910:
908:
907:Balneotherapy
905:
901:
898:
896:
893:
892:
891:
888:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
874:
871:
870:
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854:
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827:
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782:
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777:
776:
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772:
768:
765:
764:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
751:Controversies
748:
747:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
719:Vegetotherapy
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
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685:
682:
680:
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667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
634:Ozone therapy
632:
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612:
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582:
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565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
549:Lymphotherapy
547:
545:
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537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
513:
510:
509:
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500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
487:Hair analysis
485:
483:
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478:
475:
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472:FasciaBlaster
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
435:Correactology
433:
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410:
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401:
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389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
378:Colorpuncture
376:
372:
369:
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367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
356:Chromotherapy
354:
352:
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257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
244:Alkaline diet
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
225:
224:
217:
214:
210:
207:
206:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
194:Pseudoscience
192:
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184:
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176:
172:
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98:
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90:
88:
84:
81:
77:
72:
66:
61:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6452:
6411:
6404:
6397:
6110:
6091:
6083:Google Books
6081:– via
6063:
6043:
6024:
6012:. Retrieved
5988:
5971:
5950:. Retrieved
5942:
5933:
5921:. Retrieved
5914:the original
5909:
5897:
5889:the original
5884:
5874:
5866:the original
5861:
5855:
5851:
5843:
5831:. Retrieved
5820:
5808:. Retrieved
5798:
5790:the original
5781:
5771:
5759:. Retrieved
5746:
5734:. Retrieved
5725:
5715:25 September
5713:. Retrieved
5707:
5698:
5686:. Retrieved
5680:
5671:
5659:. Retrieved
5651:
5642:
5630:. Retrieved
5620:
5605:
5593:. Retrieved
5586:the original
5581:
5569:
5557:. Retrieved
5547:
5535:. Retrieved
5522:
5510:. Retrieved
5503:the original
5498:
5486:
5478:
5471:. Retrieved
5461:
5449:. Retrieved
5445:the original
5435:
5426:
5417:
5405:. Retrieved
5395:
5383:. Retrieved
5378:
5369:
5360:
5351:
5337:
5325:. Retrieved
5318:the original
5313:
5301:
5290:"Legifrance"
5284:
5275:
5266:
5257:
5248:
5234:
5225:
5216:
5202:
5190:. Retrieved
5180:
5150:(2): 39–46.
5147:
5143:
5133:
5121:. Retrieved
5119:(in Finnish)
5116:
5106:
5094:. Retrieved
5089:
5080:
5071:
5062:
5039:
5030:
5018:. Retrieved
5014:the original
5001:
4989:. Retrieved
4987:. OsteoEgypt
4978:
4966:. Retrieved
4962:"Osteopathy"
4955:
4943:. Retrieved
4936:
4903:. Retrieved
4899:the original
4895:"Regulation"
4889:
4877:. Retrieved
4873:the original
4863:
4851:. Retrieved
4847:the original
4822:. Retrieved
4818:the original
4813:
4804:
4792:. Retrieved
4786:
4779:
4767:. Retrieved
4760:
4753:
4741:. Retrieved
4731:
4718:
4706:. Retrieved
4696:
4684:. Retrieved
4674:
4662:. Retrieved
4652:
4640:. Retrieved
4620:the original
4615:
4606:
4594:. Retrieved
4590:the original
4580:
4568:. Retrieved
4558:
4546:. Retrieved
4536:
4522:
4510:. Retrieved
4503:the original
4490:
4482:"Osteopaths"
4476:
4462:
4450:. Retrieved
4441:
4429:. Retrieved
4425:the original
4415:
4406:
4402:
4393:
4381:. Retrieved
4371:
4359:. Retrieved
4348:
4338:18 September
4336:. Retrieved
4330:
4320:
4311:
4305:
4292:
4262:(4): 303–9.
4259:
4255:
4246:
4223:
4217:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4160:. Retrieved
4146:
4134:. Retrieved
4124:
4087:
4081:
4071:
4038:
4032:
4026:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3938:
3934:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3833:
3829:
3819:
3794:
3788:
3776:
3759:
3755:
3745:
3710:
3706:
3696:
3688:Google Books
3686:– via
3672:
3665:
3653:
3648:, p. 80
3626:
3602:(3): 184–9.
3599:
3593:
3566:. Retrieved
3562:the original
3520:
3516:
3482:
3478:
3455:
3443:
3431:. Retrieved
3424:the original
3407:
3395:. Retrieved
3385:
3368:
3362:
3349:
3337:. Retrieved
3327:
3315:. Retrieved
3310:
3301:
3293:Google Books
3287:
3265:. Retrieved
3261:the original
3251:
3240:the original
3227:
3215:. Retrieved
3212:"Osteopathy"
3205:
3197:the original
3192:
3182:
3170:
3163:
3145:
3138:
3106:(1): 30–40.
3103:
3099:
3062:. New York:
3058:
3051:
3027:. New York:
3023:
3016:
2992:. New York:
2988:
2981:
2957:. New York:
2953:
2946:
2919:
2893:
2889:
2864:
2855:
2843:. Retrieved
2839:the original
2829:
2817:. Retrieved
2813:the original
2806:
2799:
2787:. Retrieved
2783:the original
2773:
2761:. Retrieved
2757:the original
2750:
2743:
2719:
2712:
2700:. Retrieved
2695:
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:
2661:
2636:
2632:
2605:. Retrieved
2601:the original
2591:
2583:the original
2578:
2568:
2556:. Retrieved
2549:the original
2539:
2527:. Retrieved
2523:the original
2513:
2504:
2497:. Retrieved
2438:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2405:
2403:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2338:
2327:
2318:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2274:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2242:
2233:
2190:
2180:
2171:
2163:
2154:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2115:
2106:
2087:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2036:Harriet Hall
2033:
2017:
2013:chiropractic
1994:
1990:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1953:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1904:
1896:
1893:
1877:
1866:
1852:
1828:
1814:
1813:
1746:
1730:
1707:osteoporosis
1678:
1660:
1634:
1630:chiropractic
1595:
1574:manipulation
1551:
1545:
1537:
1517:
1512:bloodletting
1500:
1467:
1459:
1452:
1444:
1438:
1408:
1380:
1374:
1341:
1340:
1089:Thai massage
1059:Naftalan oil
932:Blood stasis
811:Turbo cancer
699:ThetaHealing
628:
624:Osteomyology
524:Hypnotherapy
519:Hydrotherapy
425:Ear candling
420:Dry needling
371:Coffee enema
334:Chiropractic
299:Bone-setting
279:Bates method
264:Aromatherapy
70:
52:
44:Bone disease
6377:S. S. Still
5939:"Osteopath"
5786:McGraw-Hill
5736:13 November
5595:26 February
5559:13 November
5537:13 November
5512:26 February
5451:13 November
5407:18 November
5327:26 February
5192:13 November
5188:(in French)
5096:11 November
5092:(in French)
4941:(in French)
4794:13 November
4769:13 November
4743:13 November
4642:13 November
4512:26 February
4452:13 November
4256:Experientia
4252:Skrabanek P
3397:17 December
3335:. Aacom.org
3267:13 November
3066:. pp.
3031:. pp.
2996:. pp.
2845:13 November
2819:13 November
2763:13 November
2607:17 December
2579:DO Magazine
2558:28 February
2529:5 September
2335:New Zealand
2187:Quebec City
2109:August 2020
1905:In 2014, a
1897:In 2013, a
1832:soft tissue
1049:Mien Shiang
967:Moxibustion
679:Reflexology
604:Oil pulling
599:Naturopathy
539:Jilly Juice
319:Camel urine
289:Black salve
239:Acupuncture
234:Acupressure
199:Antiscience
171:Terminology
6476:Osteopathy
6470:Categories
6205:Treatments
6141:Osteopathy
6044:OMT review
6014:7 February
5833:25 October
5752:"Medicine"
5652:Osteopathy
5473:26 January
4314:(10): 407.
4310:(Letter).
4258:(Review).
4136:27 January
3941:(1): 286.
3884:Pediatrics
3523:(1): 2–8.
3155:10342/3694
2702:29 October
2676:29 October
2506:education.
2476:References
2418:osteopathy
2364:exceptions
2304:osteopaths
2293:osteopathy
2275:Osteopathy
2060:osteopathy
2029:homeopathy
2005:homeopathy
1978:Quackwatch
1798:metastases
1638:physiology
1525:purgatives
1503:physiology
1425:See also:
1399:myofascial
1382:Quackwatch
1360:system of
1342:Osteopathy
1263:Physicians
1147:Heavy legs
1104:Vietnamese
1084:Sri Lankan
644:Phrenology
629:Osteopathy
619:Orthopathy
507:Homeopathy
413:Foot detox
309:Breathwork
254:Apitherapy
209:Scientific
204:Skepticism
101:ICD-10-PCS
58:Osteopathy
6293:Licensing
6267:Education
5172:250039659
5164:2489-7604
5144:Kuntoutus
5123:2 October
4938:Le Soleil
4409:(1): 4–5.
4162:8 January
4090:(2): 65.
3850:1469-493X
3729:0098-6151
3122:0098-6151
2422:osteopath
2101:talk page
2070:Australia
2018:In 2010,
1972:In 1998,
1958:In 1988,
1950:Criticism
1880:abscesses
1782:aneurysms
1709:, severe
1701:, severe
1570:palpation
1548:DO degree
1479:Civil War
1404:back pain
1344:, unlike
1069:Shamanism
1054:Mongolian
1029:Kayakalpa
1004:Curandero
922:Cambodian
912:Brazilian
709:Urophagia
669:Radionics
574:Mesmerism
534:Iridology
48:Osteology
5976:Archived
5952:4 August
5810:20 March
5761:20 March
5469:. Unitec
5048:cite web
4905:28 April
4853:28 April
4383:28 April
4361:28 April
4300:(2004).
4284:29310075
4209:20517311
4201:21053038
4116:29452579
4063:20517311
4055:21053038
4018:23570655
3967:25175885
3905:23776117
3868:36066373
3811:15846609
3768:16314678
3737:29946678
3618:19718381
3537:22030379
3499:24725782
3377:16585378
3217:28 April
3130:24384971
2902:10179479
2789:27 April
2653:10547412
2499:28 March
2444:See also
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4991:26 July
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4708:9 March
4686:9 March
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5835:2012
5812:2013
5763:2013
5738:2011
5717:2016
5690:2021
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