270:
458:
597:
the pallium, especially over the shoulders. However, during the Middle Ages there was no definite rule regulating the number of crosses, nor was there any precept determining their colour. They were generally dark, but sometimes red. The pins, which at first served to keep the pallium in place, were retained as ornaments even after the pallium was sewn in the proper shape, although they no longer had any practical object. That the insertion of small leaden weights in the vertical ends of the pallium was usual as early as the thirteenth century is proved by the discovery in 1605 of the pallium enveloping the body of
Boniface VIII, and by the fragments of the pallium found in the tomb of Clement IV.
231:, used by the early popes, which over time was folded into the shape of a band; a fifth says its origin dates from the custom of folding the ordinary mantle-pallium, an outer garment in use in imperial times; a sixth declares that it was introduced as a papal liturgical garment (which, however, was not at first a narrow strip of cloth, but as the name suggests, a broad, oblong, and folded cloth). There is no solid evidence tracing the pallium to an investiture of the emperor, the ephod of the Jewish High Priest, or a fabled mantle of St. Peter. It may well be that it was introduced as a liturgical badge of the pope, or that it was adopted in imitation of its counterpart, the pontifical
2283:
29:
622:(954) was contrary to the general custom. In the 10th and 11th centuries, just as today, the general rule was to limit the use of the pallium to a few festivals and some other extraordinary occasions. The symbolic character now attached to the pallium dates back to the 8th century, when it was made an obligation for all metropolitans to petition the Holy See for permission to use it. The evolution of this character was complete about the end of the eleventh century; thenceforth the pallium is always designated in the papal bulls as the symbol of
450:(i.e., the "plenitude of pontifical office"); worn by archbishops, it typifies their participation in the supreme pastoral power of the pope, who concedes it to them for their proper church provinces. Similarly, after his resignation, he may not use the pallium; should he be transferred to another archdiocese, he must again petition the pope for a new pallium. The new pallia are solemnly blessed after the First Vespers on the feast of Saints Peter and Paul, and are then kept in a special silver-gilt casket near the
378:
566:
190:. No other bishops, even non-metropolitan archbishops or retired metropolitans or current metropolitan archbishops officiating or attending any kind of Mass or religious ceremony outside their jurisdiction, are allowed to wear the pallium unless they have special permission. An explicit exception is made for the rarely realised scenario in which a person not yet a bishop is elected pope, in which case the bishop ordaining the new pope wears the pallium during the ceremony.
502:
251:
1323:
1297:
536:
2295:
44:
562:. The pallium of the sixth century was a long, moderately wide, white band of wool, ornamented at its extremity with a black or red cross, and finished off with tassels; it was draped around the neck, shoulders, and breast in such a manner that it formed a V in front, and the ends hung down from the left shoulder, one in front and one behind.
481:
at the Sacro Speco
Cloister, seemed to be a deliberate archaism. Marini also stated that Pope Benedict had had a series of annoying problems keeping it in place during liturgical celebrations. This pallium would later end up being worn by another pope when, while inspecting the damages caused by the
120:
over one's shoulders with tail-ends (doubled) on the left with the front end crossing over the rear. When observed from the front or rear the pallium sports a stylistic letter 'y' (contrasting against an unpatterned chasuble). It is decorated with six black crosses, one near each end and four spaced
596:
At first the only decorations on the pallium were two crosses near the extremities. This is proved by the mosaics at
Ravenna and Rome. It appears that the ornamentation of the pallium with a greater number of crosses did not become customary until the ninth century, when small crosses were sewn on
316:
in 513, and in numerous other references of the sixth century, the pallium is mentioned as a long-customary vestment. It seems that earlier, the pope alone had the absolute right of wearing the pallium; its use by others was tolerated only by virtue of the permission of the pope. References to the
605:
As early as the 6th century, the pallium was considered a liturgical vestment to be used only during Mass unless a special privilege determined otherwise, as evidenced by the correspondence between Pope
Gregory I and John of Ravenna. The rules regulating the original use of the pallium cannot be
573:
In the eighth century it became customary to let the ends fall down, one in the middle of the breast and the other in the middle of the back, and to fasten them there with pins, the pallium thus becoming Y-shaped. A further development took place during the ninth century (according to pictorial
468:
For his formal inauguration, Pope
Benedict XVI adopted an earlier form of the pallium, from a period when it and the omophor were virtually identical. It is wider than the modern pallium although not as wide as the modern omophor, made of wool with black silk ends, and decorated with five red
473:(June 29, 2008) Benedict XVI reverted to a form similar to that worn by his recent predecessors, albeit in a larger and longer cut and with red crosses, therefore remaining distinct from pallia worn by metropolitans. This change, explained the Master of Pontifical Liturgical Celebrations
526:
In
January 2015, Pope Francis announced that, from that year's imposition on, the pallium would no longer be awarded personally by the Pope in Rome; instead, the corresponding archbishops would impose it in their local churches. The Pope, however, will continue to bless it beforehand.
630:
transmitted his pallium to his archdeacon, when, contrary to custom, he nominated him his successor. On the other hand, when used by metropolitans, the pallium originally signified simply union with the
Apostolic See, and was an ornament symbolizing the virtue and rank of its wearer.
606:
determined with certainty, but its use, even before the 6th century, seems to have had a definite liturgical character. From early times more or less extensive restrictions limited the use of the pallium to certain days. Its indiscriminate use, permitted to
516:. A precedent for Pope Benedict XVI's variations of the pallium was set in 1999 when Pope John Paul II wore a long Y-shaped pallium with red crosses for that year's Easter and Christmas celebrations. It was only used on those occasions and was created by
121:
out around the neck loop. At times the pallium is embellished fore, aft, and at the left shoulder with three gold gem-headed (dull) stickpins. The doubling and pinning on the left shoulder likely survive from the (simple scarf) Roman pallium.
404:(who is the personal representative of the pope in their respective countries). The pallium is also conferred upon the Latin Rite Patriarch of Jerusalem. Previous traditions that allowed some other bishops to use the pallium were ended by
364:
was paid for the reception of the pallium as early as the sixth century. This was abrogated by Pope
Gregory I in the Roman Synod of 595, but was reintroduced later as partial maintenance of the Holy See. This process was condemned by the
454:(tomb of St. Peter) until required. The pallium was formerly conferred in Rome by a cardinal deacon, and outside of Rome by a bishop; in both cases the ceremony took place after the celebration of Mass and the administration of an oath.
147:
shouldering a lamb, a common early
Christian art image (if not icon); the ritual preparation of the pallium and its subsequent bestowal upon a pope at coronation suggests the shepherd symbolism. However, this may be an explanation
469:
crosses, three of which are pierced with pins, symbolic of Christ's five wounds and the three nails, and it was worn crossed over the left shoulder. Only the Papal pallium was to take this distinctive form. Beginning with the
574:
representations outside of Rome, in places where ancient traditions were not maintained so strictly): the band, which had hitherto been kept in place by the pins, was sewn Y-shaped, without, however, being cut.
336:
laid an obligation upon
Western metropolitans of receiving their pallium only from the pope in Rome. This was accomplished by journeying there or by forwarding a petition for the pallium accompanied by a solemn
494:'s remains had survived the earthquake, and after praying for a few minutes by his tomb, Benedict left the pallium on Celestine's glass casket. The last pope to abdicate willingly before Benedict XVI was
388:
The use of the pallium is reserved to the pope and archbishops who are metropolitans, but the latter may not use it until it is conferred upon them by the pope, normally at the celebration of the
235:, already in vogue in the Eastern Church. It was bestowed on papal vicars (like the bishop of Arles, who represented the pope in the regions of Gaul) and other bishops with exclusive links to the
2332:
412:
in 1978. A metropolitan archbishop may wear his pallium as a mark of his jurisdiction not only in his own archdiocese but anywhere in his ecclesiastical province whenever he celebrates Mass.
4034:
3863:
2325:
317:
pallium being conferred on others as a mark of distinction date to the sixth century. The honour was usually conferred on metropolitans, especially those nominated
523:
On June 29, 2014, after using Benedict XVI's second pallium for more than a year, Pope Francis restored the traditional pallium worn by popes prior to Benedict.
2318:
3667:
2373:
3805:
1683:
108:
In its present (western) form, the pallium is a long and "three fingers broad" (narrow) white band adornment, woven from the wool of lambs raised by
964:"Holy Mass and blessing of the Pallium for the new Metropolitan Archbishops on the Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul (29 June 2020) | Francis"
477:, came about after recent studies on the history of the pallium had shown that the oldest depiction of a pope wearing that type of pallium, that of
2033:
2196:
626:("plenitude of pontifical office"). In the sixth century the pallium was the symbol of the papal office and the papal power, and for this reason
415:
Although the pallium is now reserved, by law and liturgical norms, to metropolitans, a single standing exception has seemed to become customary:
963:
907:
577:
The present circular form originated in the tenth or eleventh century. Two excellent early examples of this form, belonging respectively to
2132:
400:; the metropolitan archbishops, however will receive those pallia in a separate ceremony within their home dioceses from the hands of the
1343:
3657:
1495:
1338:
1018:
4129:
3042:
1624:
1274:
544:
396:
modified the ritual of conferring the pallium in January 2015: The pallia will be blessed on the feast of Saints Peter and Paul in
3931:
3523:
2156:
1663:
1307:
1073:
1100:
4137:
2084:
1210:
1282:
745:
4055:
3122:
2079:
1358:
427:
of Ostia, a purely honorary title and one without an archbishopric or metropolitanate attached. When Ratzinger was elected
3117:
4117:
3990:
2854:
2844:
2028:
1688:
239:. Also in this rank were missionaries sent with papal approval to organise the church among newly converted peoples. St.
1055:
978:"Il pallio papale tra continuità e sviluppo – Interview with Guido Marini, Master of Pontifical Liturgical Celebrations"
3353:
1609:
1586:
470:
512:
Although Pope Benedict XVI's second pallium was not actually made until 2008, the model for it already existed on his
4223:
4147:
3069:
2074:
2069:
1977:
1162:
1114:
676:
states: Concerning these various hypotheses see Braun where these hypotheses are exhaustively examined and appraised.
513:
332:
The use of the pallium among metropolitans did not become general until the eighth century, when a synod convened by
1668:
3962:
3916:
2916:
2047:
1619:
1396:
1192:
420:
51:
345:
which the recipient of the pallium takes today apparently originated in the eleventh century, during the reign of
154:. The lambs whose fleeces are destined for pallia are solemnly presented at altar by the nuns of the convent of
3757:
3613:
3498:
2223:
2211:
3294:
2730:
3788:
3528:
3518:
3012:
2401:
2245:
1693:
945:
582:
457:
389:
520:, the then-Master of Pontifical Liturgical Celebrations, who would also create Pope Benedict's first pallium.
4085:
4027:
2255:
1462:
1418:
3829:
3731:
1716:
227:, which was symbolic of his office as supreme pastor. A fourth hypothesis finds its origin in a liturgical
175:
155:
977:
3269:
2511:
483:
159:
102:
4100:
3662:
3393:
2859:
2144:
2105:
1731:
1533:
1364:
1041:
487:
3366:
186:, even if he was previously metropolitan elsewhere, but these restrictions were absent in the revised
4208:
3858:
3853:
2110:
397:
269:
3219:
4218:
4213:
4106:
4015:
2928:
2838:
2250:
2042:
1476:
20:
313:
4045:
3926:
3837:
3776:
3687:
3089:
2723:
2573:
2240:
1848:
1614:
1499:
1215:
981:
240:
204:
183:
2310:
356:, because popes charged a fee from those receiving them, acquiring hundreds of millions of gold
4158:
4152:
3941:
3936:
3599:
3533:
2678:
2299:
1762:
1736:
1250:
590:
540:
187:
179:
37:
369:
in 1432, which referred to it as "the most usurious contrivance ever invented by the papacy".
4051:
3873:
3244:
3022:
2756:
2206:
2127:
1950:
1789:
1784:
1673:
1312:
203:
There are many different opinions concerning the origin of the pallium. Some trace it to an
28:
4186:
4174:
3468:
3239:
3052:
3005:
2882:
2868:
2829:
2578:
2471:
2166:
2100:
1897:
1880:
1815:
1389:
440:
360:
for the papacy and bringing the award of the pallium into disrepute. It is certain that a
8:
4167:
4112:
4073:
3726:
3513:
3371:
2938:
2911:
2833:
2363:
2287:
1772:
1757:
1711:
1530:
1019:"Papal clothing and liturgical practices in Cardinal Ratzinger / Pope Benedict XVI Forum"
690:
578:
357:
338:
171:
94:
3249:
3911:
3868:
3817:
3799:
3707:
3677:
3311:
3151:
2947:
2878:
2810:
2749:
2201:
2139:
2064:
1870:
1828:
1822:
342:
292:
1056:"The Saint Bede Studio Blog: Papal Retrospective : Blessed John Paul II : 2"
551:
There is a decided difference between the form of the modern pallium and that used in
4090:
4005:
4000:
3712:
3453:
3321:
3196:
2921:
2814:
2790:
2709:
2647:
2629:
1865:
1810:
1278:
1261:
Schoenig, Steven A. (16–23 January 2006), "The pope, the pallium, and the churches",
741:
505:
478:
461:
428:
416:
381:
322:
128:
originate from the same vestment, the latter a much larger and wider version worn by
47:
2700:
1220:
1035:
431:, he continued that exception without comment by conferring the pallium on Cardinal
4039:
4022:
4010:
3950:
3849:
3792:
3716:
3697:
3692:
3640:
3635:
3473:
3409:
3382:
3333:
2975:
2904:
2873:
2849:
2783:
2683:
2409:
2122:
2005:
1860:
1855:
1678:
1648:
1568:
1563:
1414:
1142:
664:
660:
615:
607:
491:
401:
366:
133:
129:
98:
735:
341:, all consecrations being forbidden them before the reception of the pallium. The
4095:
4061:
3921:
3823:
3771:
3672:
3587:
3254:
3146:
2970:
2719:
2662:
2608:
2546:
2516:
2434:
2424:
2419:
2380:
2368:
2349:
2161:
2059:
2052:
2020:
1658:
1466:
1382:
879:
424:
301:
273:
Gregory I dictating, from a 10th-century manuscript (vestments include a pallium)
82:
33:
1174:
182:, a metropolitan had to receive the pallium before exercising his office in his
3995:
3905:
3767:
3630:
3176:
3156:
3134:
3129:
3097:
3047:
2943:
2429:
2414:
2341:
2265:
2218:
2188:
2182:
1967:
1960:
1843:
1726:
1653:
1601:
1573:
1521:
1444:
1158:
1075:"The Problem For Us Is Fear" – On Pope's Day, Francis Calls Bishops To "Follow"
326:
309:
262:
254:
140:
2714:
112:
monks. It is donned by looping its middle around one's neck, resting upon the
4202:
3967:
3946:
3737:
3560:
3555:
3376:
2933:
2894:
2889:
2779:
2498:
2460:
1471:
1334:
1329:
1301:
911:
627:
432:
377:
236:
208:
144:
1347:, vol. 20 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 638–639
419:
conferred a pallium on then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger when Ratzinger became
4180:
4142:
4123:
3682:
3566:
3458:
3398:
3388:
3234:
3141:
3079:
3000:
2795:
2745:
2526:
2391:
2010:
1920:
1887:
1835:
1634:
1557:
1490:
1457:
1430:
1254:
552:
517:
474:
436:
409:
405:
393:
305:
244:
216:
150:
501:
250:
211:(or one of his successors); others consider it an imitation of the Hebrew
3985:
3899:
3842:
3577:
3361:
3279:
3264:
3224:
3186:
3112:
2954:
2488:
2482:
2466:
2230:
2117:
2037:
1972:
1955:
1915:
1721:
1079:
619:
611:
495:
353:
333:
297:
220:
321:
by the pope, but it was sometimes conferred on simple bishops (e.g., on
3956:
3702:
3594:
3402:
3284:
3214:
3171:
3102:
2622:
2618:
2585:
2553:
2476:
2345:
2000:
1875:
1779:
1767:
1741:
1639:
640:
565:
346:
283:
232:
282:
It is unknown exactly when the pallium was first introduced. Although
4079:
4066:
3782:
3650:
3645:
3624:
3582:
3301:
3274:
3074:
3064:
2899:
2824:
2774:
2667:
2536:
2521:
2506:
2386:
2149:
1984:
1925:
1794:
861:
859:
857:
224:
535:
3892:
3811:
3746:
3478:
3448:
3443:
3424:
3343:
3032:
3017:
2819:
2652:
2613:
2531:
2454:
2294:
2260:
2235:
1940:
1590:
1508:
1439:
1422:
1300: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
881:
The mysteries of the Vatican: or, Crimes of the papacy, tr. by E.S.
734:
Livingstone, E. A.; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (12 September 2013).
586:
113:
109:
90:
78:
1328:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
854:
50:
depicted wearing the pallium around the breast in a fresco at the
3483:
3289:
3181:
3161:
2995:
2803:
2799:
2704:
2688:
2657:
2541:
2340:
1905:
559:
556:
361:
125:
117:
3550:
3414:
3229:
3166:
3107:
3059:
3037:
2735:
2693:
1703:
1101:"Pope Francis will no longer impose the pallium on Archbishops"
443:
on 29 June 2020, when Cardinal Re became dean in January 2020.
258:
136:
1359:
A tradition in evolution: Pallium signifies authority, loyalty
36:, which is the current design, displayed in the museum of the
3488:
3438:
3326:
3306:
3259:
3027:
2740:
2671:
1935:
1910:
1580:
1516:
1271:
Bonds of Wool: The Pallium and Papal Power in the Middle Ages
318:
223:. Others declare that its origin is traceable to a mantle of
212:
70:
265:(right), wearing the pallium. From a 9th-century manuscript.
43:
3720:
3572:
3337:
3191:
1930:
1512:
1489:
1454:
1405:
759:
757:
228:
86:
300:(died 336) conferred the right to wear the pallium on the
3433:
3316:
1374:
1001:
999:
908:"Pope modifies and enriches Pallium Investiture Ceremony"
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
659:
Pallia were also worn in the Western Church since before
1365:
Information about the sisters, weaving the papal Pallium
754:
352:
The awarding of the pallium became controversial in the
1438:
1211:"Motu Propio 'On The Conferring Of The Sacred Pallium'"
842:
996:
733:
706:
685:
Note that the date "between 840 and 850" given by the
143:. A theory relates origination to the paradigm of the
1053:
926:
737:
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
1219:(English weekly ed.), p. 3, archived from
1144:
Code of Canon Law regarding Metropolitan Archbishops
888:
819:
1029:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
486:Pope Benedict visited the badly stricken church of
349:(1099–1118), and replaced the profession of faith.
1253:to mark the bestowal of the Pallium on Archbishop
769:
247:in eighth-century Germany fell into this category.
3806:Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology
1684:Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province
1316:, vol. 11, New York: Robert Appleton Company
4200:
837:Die liturgische Gewandung im Occident und Orient
796:
1037:Apertura Porta Santa in san Pietro, Natale 1999
464:in his distinctive papal pallium, prior to 2008
1165:"Letter to Cuthbert, archbishop of Canterbury"
2326:
1390:
1237:Vicars of Christ: The Dark Side of the Papacy
446:Worn by the pope, the pallium symbolizes the
2497:
325:, Donus of Messina, and John of Syracuse by
286:wrote an essay no later than 220 AD titled
3658:Communion and the developmentally disabled
2333:
2319:
1397:
1383:
1194:The Pallium – History and Present Use
1190:
1005:
877:
786:
784:
16:Ecclesiastical vestment worn by the clergy
1173:
932:
693:in reference to Boniface's letter of 747.
89:, but for many centuries bestowed by the
3043:Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion
1625:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
1333:
1275:The Catholic University of America Press
1260:
848:
763:
740:. Oxford University Press. p. 416.
721:
564:
534:
500:
456:
376:
268:
249:
42:
27:
3932:General Instruction of the Roman Missal
3524:General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII
1669:Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church
1664:Successor of the Prince of the Apostles
1243:
1208:
1054:The Saint Bede Studio (12 March 2013).
790:
781:
775:
158:and ultimately the Benedictine nuns of
4201:
1191:Kollmorgen, Gregor (25 January 2008),
2314:
1378:
1305:
1234:
894:
823:
545:Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe
543:, wearing the pallium. Mosaic at the
435:, the new dean. The same was done by
290:("On the Pallium"), according to the
1157:
865:
105:, and still remains a papal emblem.
4118:Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII
3991:Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition
1689:Sovereign of the Vatican City State
74:
13:
1610:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1587:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1352:
1176:Canon 437, Code of Canon Law, 1983
508:wearing his second pallium in 2013
471:Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul
174:within their archdiocese, and the
14:
4235:
4148:Sacraments of the Catholic Church
1370:
1310:", in Herbermann, Charles (ed.),
878:Griesinger, Karl Theodor (1864).
176:Latin Rite Patriarch of Jerusalem
2374:After the Second Vatican Council
2293:
2281:
1321:
1295:
950:whispersintheloggia.blogspot.com
421:Dean of the College of Cardinals
308:of the pope appertained to him;
2746:Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed
1107:
1093:
1066:
1047:
1011:
970:
956:
938:
900:
871:
679:
600:
243:in seventh-century England and
101:as a symbol of their conferred
77:: pallia) is an ecclesiastical
3529:General Roman Calendar of 1960
3519:General Roman Calendar of 1954
1694:Servant of the servants of God
1249:—a monograph published by the
829:
727:
670:
653:
624:plenitudo pontificalis officii
448:plenitudo pontificalis officii
390:Feast of Saints Peter and Paul
277:
162:weave their wool into pallia.
1:
4086:Fourth Council of the Lateran
1244:Skinner, Gerard (July 2011),
1135:
372:
156:Saint Agnes outside the walls
85:, originally peculiar to the
4035:Dicastery for Divine Worship
3732:Thanksgiving after Communion
1717:Coat of arms of the Holy See
1620:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
1119:www.schatzkammer-siegburg.de
1044:Retrieved 27 September 2019.
646:
585:(d. 1075), are preserved in
178:wear the pallium. Under the
7:
2512:Chapter and Conventual Mass
2219:Pontifical colleges in Rome
1060:saintbedestudio.blogspot.mx
634:
555:times, as portrayed in the
170:At present, only the pope,
160:Santa Cecilia in Trastevere
10:
4240:
4101:History of the Roman Canon
3663:Communion under both kinds
3394:Divine Worship: The Missal
2300:Catholic Church portal
1534:properties of the Holy See
1404:
1209:Paul VI (10 August 1978),
839:, sect. iv, ch. iii, n. 8.
569:Development of the pallium
488:Santa Maria di Collemaggio
193:
103:jurisdictional authorities
18:
3978:
3882:
3859:Priesthood of Melchizedek
3756:
3612:
3543:
3506:
3497:
3423:
3352:
3205:
3088:
2988:
2963:
2765:
2638:
2601:
2594:
2566:
2447:
2400:
2356:
2276:
2175:
2093:
2019:
1993:
1896:
1803:
1750:
1702:
1633:
1600:
1550:
1429:
1412:
1197:, New Liturgical Movement
296:, it was first used when
198:
4224:Roman Catholic vestments
4133:(apostolic constitution)
4107:Lex orandi, lex credendi
4016:Eastern Catholic liturgy
3118:Candles and candlesticks
1235:Rossa, Peter de (1988),
946:"Whispers in the Loggia"
700:
530:
484:2009 L'Aquila earthquake
261:(middle) and Archbishop
172:metropolitan archbishops
165:
61:(derived from the Roman
21:Pallium (disambiguation)
4046:Ecclesia de Eucharistia
3838:Origin of the Eucharist
2574:Liturgical use of Latin
2288:Vatican City portal
1361:(Catholic News Service)
1344:Encyclopædia Britannica
1306:Braun, Joseph (1911), "
687:Encyclopædia Britannica
667:in the 8th century A.D.
579:Archbishop St. Heribert
241:Augustine of Canterbury
184:ecclesiastical province
4159:Sacrosanctum concilium
4153:Second Vatican Council
3942:Intercession of saints
3937:Holy day of obligation
3534:General Roman Calendar
2133:for Vatican City State
1763:Apostolic constitution
1251:Archdiocese of Cardiff
1169:, translated by Talbot
591:Archdiocese of Cologne
570:
548:
541:Apollinaris of Ravenna
509:
465:
398:Saint Peter's Basilica
385:
384:vested in the pallium.
274:
266:
188:1983 Code of Canon Law
180:1917 Code of Canon Law
54:
40:
38:Archdiocese of Gniezno
4052:Eucharistic adoration
3874:Year of the Eucharist
3367:Ceremonial of Bishops
2784:prayer over the gifts
2256:Sexually active popes
2207:Pontifical university
1951:Ring of the Fisherman
1790:Ecclesiastical letter
1785:Apostolic exhortation
1674:Patriarch of the West
1659:Vicar of Jesus Christ
1313:Catholic Encyclopedia
868:, Letter to Cuthbert.
689:, 11th edition, is a
568:
538:
504:
460:
380:
314:St. Cæsarius of Arles
272:
253:
46:
31:
4187:Tra le sollecitudini
4175:Traditionis custodes
3053:Eucharistic Congress
2869:Memorial Acclamation
2830:Words of Institution
2579:Ecclesiastical Latin
2472:Pontifical High Mass
2251:Popes by nationality
2167:Sistine Chapel Choir
2101:College of Cardinals
1732:Regalia and insignia
1615:St. Peter's Basilica
1269:Schoenig, Steven A.
1239:, Corgi, p. 137
1216:L'Osservatore Romano
982:L'Osservatore Romano
441:Giovanni Battista Re
124:The pallium and the
52:Sacro Speco Cloister
19:For other uses, see
4168:Summorum Pontificum
4113:Liturgical Movement
4074:Eucharistic miracle
3727:Spiritual communion
3514:Tridentine calendar
2364:Pre-Tridentine Mass
1179:, IntraText library
691:typographical error
583:Archbishop St. Anno
423:and therefore also
339:profession of faith
3912:Calendar of saints
3869:Transubstantiation
3818:Liturgical colours
3800:In persona Christi
3708:Reserved sacrament
3678:Frequent Communion
3312:Processional cross
3123:Triple candlestick
2948:Benedicamus Domino
2922:Communion antiphon
2811:Eucharistic Prayer
2701:Responsorial Psalm
2202:Pontifical academy
2197:Orders of chivalry
1103:. 29 January 2015.
571:
549:
510:
466:
386:
343:oath of allegiance
293:Liber Pontificalis
275:
267:
116:and two dependent
55:
41:
4196:
4195:
4091:Gelineau psalmody
4028:effects of prayer
4006:Christian liturgy
4001:Catholic theology
3713:Sacramental bread
3608:
3607:
3454:Episcopal sandals
3322:Sacramental bread
3250:Collection basket
2984:
2983:
2845:texts and rubrics
2815:Canon of the Mass
2658:Entrance Antiphon
2648:Sign of the Cross
2630:Processional hymn
2562:
2561:
2443:
2442:
2308:
2307:
2075:Prelate of Honour
1642:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1283:978-0-8132-2922-5
1273:(Washington, DC:
1223:on 6 January 2017
914:. 29 January 2015
884:pp. 105–106.
766:, pp. 18–19.
747:978-0-19-965962-3
506:Pope Benedict XVI
479:Pope Innocent III
462:Pope Benedict XVI
429:Pope Benedict XVI
417:Pope John Paul II
382:Pope John Paul II
323:Syagrius of Autun
312:did the same for
48:Pope Innocent III
4231:
4209:Catholic liturgy
4040:Council of Trent
4023:Christian prayer
4011:Catholic liturgy
3850:Passion of Jesus
3793:ex opere operato
3698:Infant communion
3693:Host desecration
3668:Eucharistic fast
3641:Closed communion
3636:Church etiquette
3504:
3503:
3410:Roman Pontifical
3383:Graduale Simplex
3354:Liturgical books
3334:Sacramental wine
2976:Recessional hymn
2905:Dona nobis pacem
2850:Canonical digits
2757:Universal Prayer
2684:Dominus vobiscum
2599:
2598:
2495:
2494:
2410:Benedictine Rite
2398:
2397:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2312:
2311:
2298:
2297:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2123:Apostolic Camera
2080:Prince assistant
2006:Sedia gestatoria
1679:Primate of Italy
1638:
1569:Papal apartments
1564:Apostolic Palace
1531:extraterritorial
1487:
1486:
1436:
1435:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1348:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1299:
1298:
1266:
1248:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1170:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1051:
1045:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1015:
1009:
1003:
994:
993:
991:
989:
974:
968:
967:
960:
954:
953:
942:
936:
930:
924:
923:
921:
919:
904:
898:
892:
886:
885:
875:
869:
863:
852:
846:
840:
833:
827:
821:
794:
788:
779:
773:
767:
761:
752:
751:
731:
725:
719:
694:
683:
677:
674:
668:
665:Saint Chrodegang
657:
616:Bruno of Cologne
608:Hincmar of Reims
492:Pope Celestine V
402:Apostolic Nuncio
367:Council of Basel
134:Eastern Catholic
130:Eastern Orthodox
76:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4219:Papal vestments
4214:Formal insignia
4199:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4131:Missale Romanum
4096:Gregorian chant
4062:Dominicae Cenae
3974:
3922:Code of Rubrics
3884:
3878:
3854:salvific nature
3831:Mysterium fidei
3824:Mirae caritatis
3772:Blood of Christ
3759:
3752:
3673:First Communion
3615:
3604:
3588:Paschal Triduum
3539:
3499:Liturgical year
3493:
3427:
3419:
3348:
3255:Communion-plate
3207:
3201:
3147:Communion bench
3084:
2980:
2971:Leonine Prayers
2959:
2767:
2761:
2750:Apostles' Creed
2663:Penitential Act
2640:
2634:
2609:Vesting prayers
2590:
2558:
2517:Coronation Mass
2493:
2439:
2435:Norbertine Rite
2425:Cistercian Rite
2420:Carthusian Rite
2396:
2383:(Ordinary Form)
2381:Mass of Paul VI
2369:Tridentine Mass
2352:
2350:Catholic Church
2339:
2309:
2304:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2272:
2241:Canonised popes
2171:
2162:Cappella Giulia
2089:
2053:Papal majordomo
2015:
1989:
1892:
1799:
1746:
1698:
1637:
1629:
1602:Major basilicas
1596:
1538:
1493:
1485:
1467:Diocese of Rome
1442:
1425:
1408:
1403:
1373:
1355:
1353:Further reading
1337:, ed. (1911), "
1322:
1320:
1296:
1226:
1224:
1200:
1198:
1182:
1180:
1149:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1085:
1083:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1052:
1048:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1025:. 20 June 2010.
1017:
1016:
1012:
1006:Kollmorgen 2008
1004:
997:
987:
985:
976:
975:
971:
962:
961:
957:
944:
943:
939:
931:
927:
917:
915:
906:
905:
901:
893:
889:
876:
872:
864:
855:
847:
843:
834:
830:
822:
797:
789:
782:
774:
770:
762:
755:
748:
732:
728:
720:
707:
703:
698:
697:
684:
680:
675:
671:
658:
654:
649:
637:
603:
553:early Christian
533:
452:Confessio Petri
425:Cardinal Bishop
375:
302:Bishop of Ostia
280:
217:humeral garment
201:
196:
168:
83:Catholic Church
34:Pope John XXIII
32:The pallium of
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4237:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4183:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4127:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4076:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4049:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3996:Ambrosian Rite
3993:
3988:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3960:
3953:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3906:versus populum
3896:
3888:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3835:
3827:
3820:
3815:
3808:
3803:
3796:
3786:
3779:
3777:Corpus Christi
3774:
3764:
3762:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3729:
3724:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3638:
3633:
3631:Concelebration
3628:
3620:
3618:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3396:
3386:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3157:Credence table
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3135:Sanctuary lamp
3132:
3130:Paschal candle
3127:
3126:
3125:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3098:Altar crucifix
3094:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3008:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2944:Ite, missa est
2936:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2917:Holy Communion
2914:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2871:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2712:
2707:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2430:Dominican Rite
2427:
2422:
2417:
2415:Carmelite Rite
2412:
2406:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2357:Forms and uses
2354:
2353:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2290:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2266:Western Schism
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2224:Major Seminary
2216:
2215:
2214:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2183:Papal nobility
2179:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2045:
2040:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1994:Transportation
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1970:
1968:Sub-cinctorium
1965:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1727:Keys of Heaven
1724:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1654:Bishop of Rome
1651:
1645:
1643:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1574:Sistine Chapel
1571:
1561:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1522:Lateran Treaty
1505:
1503:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1450:
1448:
1445:Full communion
1433:
1427:
1426:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1379:
1372:
1371:External links
1369:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1335:Chisholm, Hugh
1318:
1287:
1286:
1267:
1258:
1241:
1232:
1206:
1188:
1171:
1155:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1106:
1092:
1082:, 29 June 2014
1065:
1046:
1028:
1010:
995:
984:. 26 June 2008
980:(in Italian).
969:
955:
937:
933:Canon 437 1988
925:
899:
897:, p. 137.
887:
870:
853:
851:, p. 639.
841:
828:
795:
780:
768:
753:
746:
726:
724:, p. 638.
704:
702:
699:
696:
695:
678:
669:
651:
650:
648:
645:
644:
643:
636:
633:
602:
599:
532:
529:
374:
371:
327:Pope Gregory I
310:Pope Symmachus
304:, because the
279:
276:
263:Otgar of Mainz
200:
197:
195:
192:
167:
164:
141:Byzantine Rite
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4236:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3927:Commemoration
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3864:Real presence
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3738:Anima Christi
3735:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3611:
3601:
3600:Ascensiontide
3598:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3561:Ordinary Time
3559:
3557:
3556:Christmastide
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3378:
3377:Roman Gradual
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2934:Postcommunion
2932:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:Sign of peace
2893:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2874:Lord's Prayer
2872:
2870:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2780:Orate fratres
2778:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:the Eucharist
2764:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2595:Order of Mass
2593:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2499:Ritual Masses
2496:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2461:Missa Cantata
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:Congregations
2143:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:Infallibility
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:Proclamations
1749:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1712:Coats of arms
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1330:public domain
1319:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1302:public domain
1294:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1102:
1096:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1007:
1002:
1000:
983:
979:
973:
965:
959:
951:
947:
941:
934:
929:
913:
912:Vatican Radio
909:
903:
896:
891:
883:
882:
874:
867:
862:
860:
858:
850:
849:Chisholm 1911
845:
838:
832:
825:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
792:
787:
785:
777:
772:
765:
764:Schoenig 2006
760:
758:
749:
743:
739:
738:
730:
723:
722:Chisholm 1911
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
705:
692:
688:
682:
673:
666:
662:
656:
652:
642:
639:
638:
632:
629:
625:
621:
617:
614:(851) and to
613:
609:
598:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
567:
563:
561:
558:
554:
546:
542:
537:
528:
524:
521:
519:
515:
507:
503:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
476:
472:
463:
459:
455:
453:
449:
444:
442:
439:for Cardinal
438:
434:
433:Angelo Sodano
430:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
383:
379:
370:
368:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
271:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
246:
242:
238:
237:Apostolic See
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:Constantine I
206:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
163:
161:
157:
153:
152:
146:
145:Good Shepherd
142:
138:
135:
131:
127:
122:
119:
115:
111:
106:
104:
100:
96:
95:metropolitans
92:
88:
84:
80:
72:
68:
64:
60:
53:
49:
45:
39:
35:
30:
26:
22:
4185:
4181:Stercoranism
4173:
4166:
4157:
4143:Pope Paul VI
4130:
4124:Mediator Dei
4122:
4105:
4078:
4060:
4044:
3955:
3904:
3898:
3891:
3885:and concepts
3833:(encyclical)
3830:
3822:
3810:
3798:
3791:
3781:
3745:
3736:
3683:Genuflection
3623:
3567:Septuagesima
3565:
3463:
3459:Humeral veil
3399:Sacramentary
3389:Roman Missal
3381:
3142:Chalice veil
3001:Altar server
2989:Participants
2837:
2823:
2796:Sursum corda
2547:Month's mind
2542:Requiem Mass
2527:Nuptial Mass
2481:
2459:
2392:Anglican Use
2011:Shepherd One
1945:
1871:Inauguration
1836:Urbi et Orbi
1834:
1649:His Holiness
1558:Vatican City
1551:Headquarters
1491:Vatican City
1453:
1431:Jurisdiction
1342:
1311:
1289:
1288:
1270:
1262:
1257:in July 2011
1255:George Stack
1245:
1236:
1225:, retrieved
1221:the original
1214:
1199:, retrieved
1193:
1181:, retrieved
1175:
1166:
1163:
1148:, retrieved
1143:
1122:. Retrieved
1118:
1109:
1095:
1084:, retrieved
1074:
1068:
1059:
1049:
1031:
1022:
1013:
986:. Retrieved
972:
958:
949:
940:
928:
916:. Retrieved
902:
890:
880:
873:
844:
836:
831:
791:Paul VI 1978
776:Skinner 2011
771:
736:
729:
686:
681:
672:
661:Great Schism
655:
623:
604:
601:Significance
595:
576:
572:
550:
539:Portrait of
525:
522:
518:Piero Marini
514:coat of arms
511:
475:Guido Marini
467:
451:
447:
445:
437:Pope Francis
414:
410:motu proprio
406:Pope Paul VI
394:Pope Francis
387:
351:
331:
306:consecration
291:
287:
281:
245:St. Boniface
202:
169:
151:a posteriori
149:
123:
107:
66:
62:
58:
56:
25:
4056:benediction
3986:Agape feast
3900:Ad orientem
3883:Regulations
3843:Last Supper
3758:Eucharistic
3614:Eucharistic
3578:Passiontide
3362:Antiphonary
3280:Funghellino
3265:Evangeliary
3225:Aspergillum
3187:Purificator
3113:Antependium
3103:Altar rails
2955:Last Gospel
2855:Roman Canon
2614:Asperges me
2489:Votive Mass
2483:sine populo
2467:Solemn Mass
2231:Swiss Guard
2150:Dicasteries
2128:Commissions
2118:Roman Curia
2038:Swiss Guard
1811:Arbitration
1640:Papal names
1529:along with
1290:Attribution
1246:The Pallium
1080:Rocco Palmo
793:, p. 3
620:Agapetus II
581:(1021) and
496:Celestine V
354:Middle Ages
334:St Boniface
298:Pope Marcus
278:Early usage
221:High Priest
205:investiture
69:, a woolen
4203:Categories
3968:Lord's Day
3957:Pro multis
3703:Intinction
3688:Head cover
3616:discipline
3595:Eastertide
3469:Pontifical
3403:Lectionary
3285:Holy water
3215:Altar bell
3206:Liturgical
3197:Tabernacle
3172:Misericord
2766:Liturgy of
2639:Liturgy of
2623:Eastertide
2619:Vidi aquam
2586:Vernacular
2554:White Mass
2477:Papal Mass
2346:Roman Rite
2085:Theologian
2029:Camerlengo
2001:Popemobile
1861:Consistory
1856:Coronation
1829:Pontifical
1816:Deposition
1804:Activities
1780:Encyclical
1742:Umbraculum
1415:Episcopate
1201:29 October
1183:29 January
1136:References
918:29 January
895:Rossa 1988
824:Braun 1911
641:Omophorion
628:Pope Felix
547:, Ravenna.
373:Modern use
347:Paschal II
284:Tertullian
255:Raban Maur
4080:Fermentum
4067:Holy Hour
3917:Canon law
3783:Epiousion
3651:Canon 915
3646:Canon 844
3625:Abstemius
3583:Holy Week
3536:(current)
3507:Calendars
3425:Vestments
3372:Customary
3302:Manuterge
3275:Flabellum
3075:Subdeacon
2964:Post-Mass
2939:Dismissal
2929:Ablutions
2900:Agnus Dei
2839:anamnesis
2834:elevation
2825:epiclesis
2775:Offertory
2668:Confiteor
2537:Rose Mass
2522:Gold Mass
2507:Blue Mass
2387:Zaire Use
2106:cardinals
2060:Gentlemen
2048:Palatinus
2034:Commander
2021:Household
1985:Zucchetto
1926:Flabellum
1898:Vestments
1881:High Mass
1866:Diplomacy
1795:Interdict
1227:27 August
1115:"Pallien"
647:Footnotes
498:in 1294.
392:in June.
288:De Pallio
225:St. Peter
3947:Ordinary
3893:Accentus
3852:and its
3812:Koinonia
3760:theology
3747:Viaticum
3479:Surplice
3449:Dalmatic
3444:Chasuble
3344:Thurible
3245:Crotalus
3240:Ciborium
3152:Corporal
3033:Crucifer
3018:Boat boy
2912:Fraction
2883:doxology
2879:embolism
2820:oblation
2724:sequence
2715:Alleluia
2653:Psalm 43
2641:the Word
2602:Pre-Mass
2567:Language
2532:Red Mass
2455:Low Mass
2261:Antipope
2236:Papabile
2140:Councils
2065:Preacher
2043:Chaplain
1961:Slippers
1941:Mozzetta
1844:Conclave
1823:Blessing
1591:cathedra
1509:Enclaved
1440:Holy See
1277:, 2017.
1159:Boniface
866:Boniface
635:See also
587:Siegburg
257:(left),
114:chasuble
110:Trappist
99:primates
91:Holy See
79:vestment
3979:Related
3951:Propers
3544:Periods
3484:Tunicle
3464:Pallium
3290:Incense
3270:Fistula
3235:Chalice
3208:objects
3182:Piscina
3162:Kneeler
2996:Acolyte
2860:history
2804:Hosanna
2800:Sanctus
2791:Preface
2710:Epistle
2705:Gradual
2689:Collect
2348:of the
2344:of the
2246:Legends
2212:in Rome
2176:Related
2070:Prefect
2036:of the
1946:Pallium
1906:Camauro
1704:Symbols
1500:outline
1477:History
1472:Primacy
1465:of the
1458:Francis
1417:of the
1339:Pallium
1332::
1308:Pallium
1304::
1265:: 18–19
1263:America
1161:(747),
1150:27 June
1042:YouTube
988:26 June
835:Braun,
663:, e.g.
560:mosaics
557:Ravenna
490:. Here
362:tribute
358:florins
233:omophor
219:of the
194:History
139:of the
137:bishops
126:omophor
118:lappets
81:in the
63:pallium
59:pallium
3963:Sunday
3551:Advent
3415:Tonary
3230:Censer
3167:Lavabo
3070:Priest
3065:Porter
3060:Lector
3038:Deacon
3023:Cantor
3013:Bishop
3006:female
2736:Homily
2731:Gospel
2694:Oremus
2679:Gloria
2402:Orders
2157:Synods
1931:Mantle
1921:Ferula
1888:Travel
1635:Titles
1524:, 1929
1463:bishop
1419:bishop
1406:Papacy
1326:
1281:
1124:1 June
1086:2 July
744:
612:Leo IV
319:vicars
259:Alcuin
229:mantle
215:, the
199:Origin
4138:Music
3789:Grace
3489:Vimpa
3474:Stole
3439:Amice
3327:wafer
3307:Paten
3260:Cruet
3220:Ashes
3090:Altar
3080:Usher
3048:Laity
3028:Choir
2741:Credo
2720:Tract
2672:Kyrie
2448:Types
2189:Black
2094:Staff
1973:Tiara
1956:Shoes
1936:Mitre
1916:Fanon
1911:Falda
1722:Cross
1581:Italy
1517:Italy
1496:index
701:Notes
531:Style
408:in a
213:ephod
166:Usage
93:upon
71:cloak
67:palla
4054:and
3949:and
3903:and
3770:and
3768:Body
3721:must
3719:(or
3717:wine
3715:and
3573:Lent
3401:and
3338:must
3336:(or
3192:Rood
3177:Pall
3108:Ambo
2342:Mass
2111:list
1978:List
1876:Mass
1849:List
1773:List
1768:Bull
1737:Rota
1513:Rome
1455:Pope
1423:Rome
1279:ISBN
1229:2006
1203:2014
1185:2015
1152:2007
1126:2021
1088:2014
1023:Yuku
990:2008
920:2015
742:ISBN
132:and
97:and
87:Pope
57:The
3434:Alb
3317:Pyx
3295:use
2890:Pax
2748:or
2703:or
2621:in
1511:in
1461:as
1421:of
1341:",
1040:on
618:by
610:by
329:).
207:by
75:pl.
65:or
4205::
4065:/
2946:/
2881:/
2836:/
2832:/
2828:/
2822:/
2802:/
2798:/
2782:/
2722:/
2670:/
1515:,
1498:,
1213:,
1117:.
1078:,
1058:.
1021:.
998:^
948:.
910:.
856:^
798:^
783:^
756:^
708:^
593:.
589:,
73:;
3723:)
3340:)
2813:/
2334:e
2327:t
2320:v
2191:"
2187:"
1831:"
1827:"
1593:)
1589:(
1583::
1560::
1502:)
1494:(
1447:)
1443:(
1398:e
1391:t
1384:v
1285:.
1128:.
1062:.
1008:.
992:.
966:.
952:.
935:.
922:.
826:.
778:.
750:.
23:.
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