922:
1319:
1000:
890:
944:
430:
387:
33:
902:
1338:
482:
1372:
1397:
528:
1303:
1264:
403:
442:
513:
672:
1211:
1280:
1357:
173:
462:
967:
1236:
1248:
687:
699:
2464:
544:
1396:
762:. Many churches of mainstream Christian denominations, including the Catholic, Lutheran, Methodist, Anglican, Moravian and Reformed traditions, distribute palm branches to their congregations during their Palm Sunday services. Christians take these palms, which are often blessed by clergy, to their homes where they hang them alongside
1318:
812:
calls the palm (In Joan, XXXI) the symbol of victory in that war waged by the spirit against the flesh. In this sense it was especially applicable to martyrs, the victors par excellence over the spiritual foes of mankind; hence the frequent occurrence in the
921:
901:
1210:
1337:
429:
386:
836:(Fish), or the Good Shepherd). On some later monuments the palm was represented merely as an ornament separating two scenes. Palms also represented heaven, evidenced by ancient art often depicting Jesus in heaven among palms.
481:
402:
943:
1302:
825:
and others to be untenable; further investigation showed that the palm was represented not only on tombs of the post-persecution era, but even on tombs of those who did not practice
Christianity.
1403:
1371:
621:
and its fecundity to both Romans and Jews. Roman sources praise the date as the produce of the province. The date palm was a frequent image for Judaea on
Imperial coinage, most notably on the
361:
to mark his laying down of arms and the cessation of war. The use of the palm in this setting indicates how the original meaning of "victory" shaded into "peace" as the aftermath of victory.
821:
that the palm when found depicted on catacomb tombs was to be regarded as a proof that a martyr had been interred there. Subsequently, this opinion was acknowledged by
Mabillon, Muratori,
310:
was a visual pun on the defeated
Phoenician fleet. From 400 BC onward, a palm branch was awarded to the victor in athletic contests, and the practice was brought to Rome around 293 BC.
461:
1014:
The palm is richly significant in
Islamic culture, and the palm symbolizes rest and hospitality in many cultures of the Middle East. The presence of palm trees around an
889:
527:
1997:
368:, the first Christian emperor, and his successors continue to display the traditional iconography of Victory, but often combined with Christian symbolism such as
1410:
flanked by allegories of Peace holding a palm branch and Fame blowing a trumpet, marble relief (1959–60) by G. Gianetti, based on the 1827 sandstone original by
2110:
1356:
1411:
413:
2058:
966:
828:
The general significance of the palm on early
Christian monuments is slightly modified according to its association with other symbols (e.g., with the
512:
441:
1331:: the "strangely grave and chastely immodest" Victory holds a palm branch and tramples a figure variously identified as Deceit, Intrigue or Rebellion
806:, representing the victory of spirit over flesh, and it was widely believed that a picture of a palm on a tomb meant that a martyr was buried there.
999:
2364:
234:
was often shown holding a palm stem in one or both hands. The palm was carried in
Egyptian funeral processions to represent eternal life. The
1131:, is a symbol of a tropical island paradise. Palms appear on the flags and seals of several places where they are native, including those of
2177:
Bürgel, Johann
Christoph (2010). "Islam Reflected in the Contemporary Literature of Muslim Peoples". In Werner Ende; Udo Steinbach (eds.).
2001:
1430:
202:
connecting heaven, represented by the crown of the tree, and earth, the base of the trunk. Reliefs from the 9th century BC show winged
1263:
2494:
226:, who had a part in the sacred marriage ritual, was believed to make the dates abundant. Palm stems represented long life to the
149:
Since a victory signals an end to a conflict or competition, the palm developed into a symbol of peace, a meaning it can have in
1482:
138:
says of the citizens, "they took palm branches and went out to meet Him" (12:13 HCSB). Additionally, the palm has meaning in
908:
17:
2316:
1279:
1120:, "Let him bear the palm who has deserved it". The motto has been adopted by numerous other organizations, including the
380:
under
Christian domination, is pictured on an ivory diptych bearing a palm branch in an allegorical triumph over death.
357:
only by those who had a previous triumph. The toga itself was the garment of the civilian at peace, and was worn by the
2161:
2093:
1890:
1865:
1804:
1764:
1600:
1546:
1521:
1463:
1247:
1050:
is said to have built his home out of palm, to have leaned against a palm while speaking, and to have raised the first
702:
648:
614:
notes that the binding of the Four
Species symbolizes the desire to unite the four "types" of Jews in service of God.
2186:
2122:
2068:
1444:
1121:
1097:
1167:
32:
1220:
1577:
2499:
743:
127:
2152:
2425:
1254:
2468:
1348:
1309:
875:
722:
325:
would decorate his front door with palm leaves. The palm branch or tree became a regular attribute of the
859:
435:
Monkey next to a palm, symbolizing the sun god's daily rising, on an Egyptian amuletic bead (ca. 1300 BC)
2150:
Glassé, Cyril, ed. (2001). "Sûrah XIX: 23, 25, 26, as cited by Chase, "The Date Palm"; entry on "Mary".
2489:
373:
96:
40:
2509:
1344:
1235:
76:
867:
817:
of such expressions as "he received the palm of martyrdom." On 10 April 1688 it was decided by the
377:
2298:
1755:
Rosenberger, Veit (2007). "Republican Nobiles: Controlling the Res Publica". In Jörg Rüpke (ed.).
774:) or keep them in their Bibles or devotionals. In the period preceding next year's Lent, known as
750:
used the palm branch to symbolize the victory of the faithful over enemies of the soul, as in the
396:
seal impression, 5th century BC. The iconography of palm was commonly used by ancient Babylonians.
618:
303:
195:
1648:
313:
The palm became so closely associated with victory in ancient Roman culture that the Latin word
2484:
1929:
1796:
548:
264:
2252:
1066:
818:
72:
1788:
156:
The palm appears on several flags or seals representing countries or other places, with the
2504:
671:
622:
326:
206:
holding palm fronds in the presence of the Sacred Tree. It is associated with the goddess
108:
2441:
8:
1881:
Rose, Deborah Bird (2011). "On the Spot: In the Red Center". In SueEllen Campbell (ed.).
1362:
814:
334:
139:
60:
976:
2399:
2358:
2345:
2340:
Porträtmedaillen des Erzhauses Österreich von Kaiser Friedrich III. bis Kaiser Franz II
1955:
1951:
1043:
499:
321:
for "victory", and was a sign of any kind of victory. A lawyer who won his case in the
143:
1643:
606:
symbolises the victory of the Jewish people when they came before God in judgement on
172:
55:, is a symbol of victory, triumph, peace, and eternal life originating in the ancient
2403:
2182:
2157:
2118:
2089:
2064:
1886:
1861:
1856:
Fine, Steven (2005). "Between Rome and Jerusalem: The Date Palm as 'Jewish Symbol'".
1800:
1789:
1760:
1621:
1596:
1542:
1517:
1478:
1459:
1440:
1407:
863:
799:
659:
in Israel. In 2005, some of the seeds were planted. One grew and has been nicknamed "
247:
2391:
2227:
2202:
1907:
1386:
1039:
949:
934:
338:
1270:
641:
1639:
1328:
1178:
972:
928:
871:
767:
652:
591:
306:(469/466 BC). In addition to representing the victorious League, the bronze palm
252:
66:
2179:
Islam in the World Today: A Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society
1759:. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. Wiley Blackwell. pp. 292–303.
1092:. The palm also appears on several coins from Islamic states, for example the 1
1843:
1831:
1160:
1101:
1093:
1077:
1007:
783:
279:
235:
176:
135:
104:
107:, and a palm frond or the tree itself is one of the most common attributes of
2478:
1978:
1674:
1669:
957:
787:
763:
686:
637:
607:
365:
354:
330:
291:
246:, a tender palm frond, to sacralize and restrain. Some argue the palm in the
227:
180:
1223:: the palm fronds are intended to represent peace and prosperity, below the
1706:
Ancient Greece: From the Archaic Period to the Death of Alexander the Great
1415:
1216:
1128:
953:
822:
735:
698:
575:
519:
468:
337:, a palm tree was supposed to have sprung up miraculously at the Temple of
157:
119:
112:
2395:
2273:
1858:
Art And Judaism in the Greco-Roman World: Toward A New Jewish Archaeology
1593:
Saints and Their Symbols: Recognizing Saints in Art and in Popular Images
1378:
1113:
989:
840:
751:
739:
495:
448:
369:
322:
239:
215:
211:
131:
2138:
2060:
The Signs and Symbols Bible: The Definitive Guide to Mysterious Markings
1286:
1625:
1312:(early 1620s), with armed Victory holding a palm and embracing Prudence
775:
747:
714:
660:
393:
199:
142:, representing victory, i.e. the victory of the spirit over the flesh (
907:
Procession of virgin martyrs bearing wreaths, with palms behind them (
88:
2378:
Atkins, Stuart (2002). "Renaissance and Baroque Elements in Goethe's
1156:
1089:
1070:
848:
759:
718:
710:
633:
567:
260:
231:
219:
92:
56:
1595:. Translated by Matthew J. O'Connell. Liturgical Press. p. 25.
1580:. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
1140:
1047:
1027:
856:
852:
829:
771:
629:
552:
487:
472:
272:
222:
may have represented fertility in humans. The Mesopotamian goddess
184:
1061:
climbed palm trees to call the faithful to prayer, from which the
1225:
1171:
1148:
1062:
1058:
912:
844:
833:
779:
679:
675:
611:
599:
563:
503:
491:
452:
342:
318:
188:
183:, the first Christian emperor, with Victory holding a palm and a
161:
80:
1618:
Religious Plurality in Africa: Essays in Honour of John S. Mbiti
2463:
2086:
Bearing the Word: Prophecy in Biblical and Qur'ānic Perspective
1883:
The Face of the Earth: Natural Landscapes, Science, and Culture
1382:
1152:
1051:
1033:
980:
809:
803:
656:
632:
is replaced by the palm. The palm appears also on at least one
595:
587:
583:
579:
556:
409:
299:
283:
223:
207:
100:
43:(1825–1905), portrait of an unidentified woman in ancient dress
1724:
1541:. Academic Press Fribourg Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht Göttingen.
543:
533:
Symmachus bearing the palm of triumph over death (4th century)
1199:
used to indicate euphoria, satisfaction or strong happiness.
1196:
1136:
1132:
1023:
1019:
1015:
755:
691:
603:
571:
295:
287:
150:
123:
84:
1489:
1456:
The Garden and the Fire: Heaven and Hell in Islamic Culture
1144:
851:
would bring back palms for deposit at their home churches.
706:
350:
2037:
2035:
2020:
1010:
illustrator Muhammad ibn Muhammad Shakir Ruzmah-'i Nathani
782:
to collect these palms, which are then ritually burned on
1908:"Ideas for Displaying Palm Sunday Palms Around Your Home"
1736:
353:
ornamented with a palm motif; it was worn to celebrate a
2412:
as "prudence" rather than the more usual "care, concern"
1088:, particularly of the Muslim saint who gave his name to
2348:. The motto in Latin is from Catullus 62.16, and reads
2032:
1791:
Divine Qualities: Cult and Community in Republican Rome
855:
would carry or wear an image of one, seen today in the
1539:
The Assyrian Sacred Tree: A History of Interpretations
1347:, with the figure on the right holding a palm, on the
103:. A palm branch was awarded to victorious athletes in
1712:
1365:(reverse), with palm tree in background, created 1851
649:
Judean date palm seeds dated at around 2000 years old
412:, next to a palm that represents his birth on Delos (
1813:
2008:
881:
786:to make the ashes to be used on the following day,
617:During the Roman Empire, the date palm represented
1558:
1437:Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1989: Staples
1294:
1042:will stand on a palm tree issuing from one of the
286:, who had been born under a palm on the island of
27:Symbol of victory, triumph, peace and eternal life
2156:(2 ed.). Stacey International. p. 297.
2063:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 289.
518:Victorious charioteer holding a palm branch on a
198:, the palm is one of the trees identified as the
2476:
2423:
1860:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 140–145.
1708:. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 89.
302:as part of a victory monument commemorating the
1885:. University of California Press. p. 209.
713:as his personal symbol in commemoration of his
256:serves as a reference to the Babylonian faith.
2181:. Cornell University Press. pp. 800–829.
345:, later known as Caesarea, in Asia Minor. The
153:, where it is often associated with Paradise.
2424:Christiansen, Keith; Mann, Judith W. (2002).
1069:is said to have given birth to Jesus under a
1995:
1615:
1186:
802:were often shown holding a palm frond as an
754:festival celebrating the triumphal entry of
1754:
1638:
1616:Nyang, Sulayman; Olupona, Jacob K. (1995).
1514:Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices
2363:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2052:
2050:
2000:. gatewaytotheclassics.com. Archived from
1590:
1429:Chase, Holly (1990). Harlan Walker (ed.).
636:coin and on coinage issued in 38–39 AD by
578:used in the daily prayers on the feast of
298:erected a bronze statue of a palm tree at
2390:. Goethe Society of North America: 1–26.
1932:. Grace Episcopal Church. 3 February 2018
1693:. Cambridge University Press. p. 27.
1516:. Indiana University Press. p. 124.
778:, churches often place a basket in their
2291:
2220:
2108:
2088:. Church House Publishing. p. 103.
2041:
2026:
1930:"This Sunday at Grace: February 4, 2018"
1899:
1689:Harrison, Evelyn B. (1996). "Pheidias".
1688:
1511:
1453:
1377:Victorious Peace holding a palm branch,
1229:embodying Mesopotamian cultural heritage
998:
931:holding two Arrows and the Martyr's Palm
744:triumphal entry of Christ into Jerusalem
697:
685:
670:
555:, Canada waving the Four Species during
542:
171:
31:
2337:
2195:
2117:. UNESCO Publishing. pp. 549–568.
2083:
2056:
2047:
1976:
1922:
1536:
1477:. Translated by J.J. Zoltowski. Brill.
738:, the palm branches distributed during
690:Palms carried on Palm Sunday, 2011, at
341:, the Greek counterpart of Victory, in
14:
2477:
2377:
2176:
2149:
1970:
1819:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1703:
1632:
1591:Lanzi, Fernando; Lanzi, Gioia (2004).
1570:
1472:
1166:The palm branch symbol is included in
333:secured his rise to sole power with a
290:. The palm thus became an icon of the
2430:. Yale University Press. p. 211.
2317:"Arabic Song Lyrics and Translations"
2014:
1786:
1564:
1428:
651:were recovered during excavations at
282:, the palm tree was a sacred sign of
122:, the palm branch is associated with
1905:
1880:
1855:
1795:. Oxford University Press. p.
1187:
1054:as a roofed place with palm trees.
1038:. In one prophetic tradition, the
895:St. Lawrence, holding Martyr's Palm
640:. Palm ornaments are found also on
408:Apollo holding a laurel branch and
24:
1691:Personal Styles in Greek Sculpture
1620:. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 130.
1439:. Prospect Books. pp. 61–69.
1202:
1191:), which literally translates to "
1018:showed that water was the gift of
878:on Catholic pilgrims to the city.
790:, which is the first day of Lent.
294:. In recognition of the alliance,
25:
2521:
2456:
2113:. In Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu (ed.).
1122:University of Southern California
1098:Food and Agriculture Organization
909:Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
475:period (1600 BC — 1155 BC).
271:was thought to be related to the
2462:
2427:Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi
1473:Vioque, Guillermo Galán (2002).
1432:The Date Palm: Pillar of Society
1395:
1370:
1355:
1336:
1317:
1301:
1278:
1262:
1246:
1234:
1209:
1127:Today, the palm, especially the
1084:palm is the symbol of endurance
965:
942:
920:
900:
888:
882:Gallery of Martyrs Bearing Palms
582:. It is bound together with the
526:
511:
480:
460:
440:
428:
401:
385:
263:and appeared on Punic coins. In
2434:
2417:
2371:
2331:
2309:
2266:
2245:
2170:
2143:
2131:
2102:
2077:
1989:
1944:
1874:
1849:
1837:
1825:
1780:
1748:
1697:
1646:[The Babylonian tree].
1475:Martial, Book VII: A Commentary
1422:
1295:Allegories of Victory and Peace
1107:
793:
703:Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg
666:
2495:Symbols of Abrahamic religions
2111:"Art and Aesthetic Creativity"
1682:
1663:
1609:
1584:
1530:
1505:
1104:of the 1970s like the 5 fils.
729:
676:Triumphal entry into Jerusalem
471:. The stone dates back to the
128:Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem
13:
1:
2253:"Viscount Lord Nelson's Arms"
2153:The New Encyclopedia of Islam
2115:Culture and Learning in Islam
1979:"Palm in Christian Symbolism"
1757:A Companion to Roman Religion
1512:Nigosian, Solomon A. (2004).
1498:
1458:. Columbia University Press.
866:decoration. In addition, the
490:holding a palm branch on the
417:
1906:Kirk, Lisa (25 March 2018).
1349:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
1310:Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
1170:: ⸙ (2E19, 'Palm Branch' in
723:Knight of the Holy Sepulchre
167:
79:represented immortality. In
7:
2382:: Illustrative Analogues".
1221:United States Forces – Iraq
860:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
467:Palm branch inscribed over
378:Rome's religious traditions
10:
2526:
2352:, "Victory loves Prudence"
1672:birth is described in the
1026:, the palm appears in the
987:
798:In Western Christian art,
742:services originate in the
538:
41:William-Adolphe Bouguereau
2303:Virtual Palm Encyclopedia
2084:Ipgrave, Michael (2005).
2057:Gauding, Madonna (2009).
1983:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1704:Kuiper, Kathleen (2011).
1537:Giovino, Mariana (2007).
1454:Rustomji, Nerina (2009).
1345:Peace of Pressburg (1805)
1065:developed. In the Quran,
876:Jerusalem Pilgrim's Cross
721:in 1468 when he became a
259:The palm was a symbol of
1998:"When Knights Were Bold"
994:
977:Santo Domingo Díaz Ordaz
868:Custody of the Holy Land
376:, who tried to preserve
2342:. Vienna. p. xix.
2109:Bahnassi, Afif (2003).
1733:, p. 61, 206, 411.
1118:Palmam qui meruit ferat
1100:from 1970, and several
862:, which still awards a
304:Battle of the Eurymedon
2408:on the translation of
2338:Domanig, Karl (1896).
1578:"Sex Life of the Date"
1030:imagery of the Garden
1011:
726:
695:
683:
559:
447:Stylized palms on the
191:
73:Mesopotamian religions
44:
2500:Palm trees in culture
2442:"Allegory of Victory"
2396:10.1353/gyr.2011.0014
1002:
819:Congregation of Rites
701:
689:
674:
546:
267:, the word for palm,
175:
140:Christian iconography
35:
2471:at Wikimedia Commons
1977:Hassett, M. (1911).
1787:Clark, Anna (2007).
1649:Encyclopædia Iranica
1241:Maltese coat of arms
1193:above the palm trees
937:(early 16th century)
610:. Additionally, the
372:. The Roman senator
335:victory at Pharsalus
210:and is found on the
160:associated with the
18:Palm branch (symbol)
2350:Amat Victoria Curam
2004:on 16 October 2004.
1363:Army of India Medal
1325:Allegory of Victory
1112:The Latin motto of
1096:issue honoring the
975:, in the church of
815:Acts of the Martyrs
628:, when the typical
364:Coins issued under
317:could be used as a
109:Victory personified
61:Mediterranean world
2346:Alessandro Abondio
1996:Eva March Tappan.
1958:. 18 February 2020
1956:The Times-Reporter
1745:, p. 205-206.
1044:rivers of Paradise
1012:
870:, courtesy of the
727:
696:
684:
602:explains that the
560:
500:Antimachus I Theos
192:
45:
2490:Religious symbols
2467:Media related to
2029:, p. 43, 67.
1484:978-90-04-12338-0
1412:Antonio Capellano
1408:George Washington
864:Palm of Jerusalem
678:on a mosaic from
414:Comacchio Painter
228:Ancient Egyptians
196:Assyrian religion
16:(Redirected from
2517:
2510:Heraldic charges
2466:
2450:
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2018:
2012:
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1993:
1987:
1986:
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1968:
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1965:
1963:
1952:"Shrove Tuesday"
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1926:
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1915:
1910:. Blessed Is She
1903:
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1695:
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1677:to Delian Apollo
1667:
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1656:
1644:"Draxt ī āsūrīg"
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1387:Northern Ireland
1374:
1359:
1343:Allegory of the
1340:
1321:
1305:
1285:Coat of arms of
1282:
1269:Coat of arms of
1266:
1257:, Czech Republic
1253:Village flag of
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2010:
2002:the original
1991:
1982:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
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1423:Bibliography
1416:U.S. Capitol
1324:
1224:
1217:Combat patch
1192:
1182:
1176:
1165:
1129:coconut palm
1126:
1117:
1111:
1108:Modern usage
1085:
1081:
1075:
1056:
1031:
1022:. In the
1013:
1003:
954:Christ Child
950:St. Lawrence
927:
838:
827:
823:Benedict XIV
808:
797:
794:Martyrs Palm
766:(especially
736:Christianity
733:
705:(1492). The
667:Christianity
646:
624:Iudaea Capta
623:
616:
576:Four Species
561:
549:Tosher Rebbe
520:Roman mosaic
469:Durand Stone
455:(ca. 575 BC)
392:Palms on an
370:christograms
363:
358:
347:toga palmata
346:
314:
312:
307:
277:
268:
258:
251:
243:
203:
193:
158:coconut palm
155:
148:
120:Christianity
117:
113:ancient Rome
64:
52:
48:
46:
36:
29:
2505:Iconography
2469:Palm fronds
2344:Created by
2283:23 February
1820:Vioque 2002
1743:Vioque 2002
1731:Vioque 2002
1719:Vioque 2002
1379:World War I
1181:, the term
1114:Lord Nelson
1102:Iraqi coins
1028:paradisical
1004:A Palm Tree
990:Easter palm
841:Middle Ages
752:Palm Sunday
740:Palm Sunday
730:Palm Sunday
496:tetradrachm
449:Ishtar Gate
359:triumphator
329:, and when
242:) used the
216:Mesopotamia
212:Ishtar Gate
200:Sacred Tree
189:christogram
134:, when the
132:Palm Sunday
87:, a closed
63:. The palm
49:palm branch
2479:Categories
2323:4 November
2015:Chase 1990
1626:B07G4R2J49
1565:Chase 1990
1499:References
1381:memorial,
1289:, Slovakia
1057:The first
988:See also:
952:hands the
776:Shrovetide
772:crucifixes
748:Christians
715:pilgrimage
682:, ca. 1150
661:Methuselah
502:, king of
394:Achaemenid
187:next to a
144:Revelation
53:palm frond
2404:170265105
2359:cite book
1414:, at the
1308:Medal of
1195:", is an
1188:فوق النخل
1157:Australia
1090:Wad Hamid
1071:date palm
853:Crusaders
849:Holy Land
804:attribute
760:Jerusalem
719:Jerusalem
647:In 1965,
634:Hasmonean
568:date palm
374:Symmachus
308:(phoinix)
261:Phoenicia
220:date palm
168:Antiquity
93:date palm
75:, and in
57:Near East
2258:26 March
2228:"5 Fils"
2139:19:16-34
1771:Caesar,
1670:Apollo's
1655:29 April
1553:'passim'
1406:Bust of
1287:Fiľakovo
1273:, France
1255:Drnovice
1141:Paraguay
1048:Muhammad
983:, Mexico
857:Catholic
845:pilgrims
830:monogram
746:. Early
709:chose a
694:, Poland
553:Montreal
488:Poseidon
273:ethnonym
269:phoinix,
248:Parthian
97:festival
2448:. 1635.
2274:"Motto"
2237:3 March
2232:Numista
2212:3 March
2207:Numista
1962:4 April
1936:4 April
1914:4 April
1492:10.47.3
1226:Lamassu
1172:Unicode
1149:Florida
1063:minaret
1059:muezzin
1008:Ottoman
960:, 1668)
913:Ravenna
847:to the
839:In the
834:Ichthus
800:martyrs
780:narthex
768:crosses
680:Palermo
612:Midrash
600:Midrash
598:). The
590:), and
564:Judaism
539:Judaism
504:Bactria
492:reverse
473:Kassite
453:Babylon
343:Tralles
319:metonym
177:Solidus
162:tropics
91:of the
81:Judaism
67:Phoenix
2446:Louvre
2402:
2185:
2160:
2137:Quran
2121:
2092:
2067:
1889:
1864:
1803:
1763:
1624:
1599:
1545:
1520:
1481:
1462:
1443:
1383:Lurgan
1179:Arabic
1153:Poland
1086:(doum)
1080:, the
1052:mosque
1034:Jannah
981:Oaxaca
810:Origen
657:Masada
626:series
619:Judaea
596:willow
592:aravah
588:myrtle
584:hadass
580:Sukkot
566:, the
557:Hallel
349:was a
300:Delphi
284:Apollo
224:Inanna
218:, the
208:Ishtar
146:7:9).
101:Sukkot
83:, the
2400:S2CID
2380:Faust
1846:30:12
1775:3.105
1197:idiom
1137:Haiti
1133:Malta
1024:Quran
1020:Allah
1016:oasis
995:Islam
758:into
756:Jesus
692:Sanok
604:lulav
572:Lulav
494:of a
323:forum
315:palma
288:Delos
250:poem
204:genii
151:Islam
124:Jesus
89:frond
85:lulav
51:, or
2410:cura
2365:link
2325:2010
2285:2020
2260:2020
2239:2020
2214:2020
2183:ISBN
2158:ISBN
2119:ISBN
2090:ISBN
2065:ISBN
1964:2020
1938:2020
1916:2020
1887:ISBN
1862:ISBN
1834:30:2
1801:ISBN
1761:ISBN
1657:2011
1622:ASIN
1597:ISBN
1543:ISBN
1518:ISBN
1490:Livy
1479:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1441:ISBN
1219:for
1168:MUFI
1159:and
1145:Guam
1082:doum
1067:Mary
770:and
711:palm
707:Duke
547:The
351:toga
339:Nike
240:Igbo
59:and
47:The
2392:doi
2278:USC
1797:162
1177:In
1174:).
1116:is
1076:In
933:by
911:in
734:In
717:to
663:".
562:In
551:of
498:of
278:In
244:omu
232:Huh
194:In
118:In
111:in
99:of
39:by
2481::
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2398:.
2388:11
2386:.
2361:}}
2357:{{
2301:.
2276:.
2230:.
2205:.
2049:^
2034:^
1981:.
1954:.
1799:.
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1487:.
1435:.
1385:,
1163:.
1155:,
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