123:
into either "functioning" or "non-functioning" types depending on whether the release hormones or not. For example, some of these pancreatic endocrine tumors release hormones such as insulin, gastrin and glucagon systemically. Often times, these large surges in hormones lead to a relatively early detection due to symptoms that arise in response. Pancreatic endocrine tumors are named after the type of hormone they release. For example, an insulin-secreting tumor is referred to as an "insulinoma". On the other end of the spectrum, non-functioning types of endocrine tumors do not secrete hormones and thus do not give rise to obvious clinical symptoms. This latter type is therefore often diagnosed after spread to other parts of the body.
103:
29:
93:
Classification is based on cellular differentiation (ductal, acinar, neuroendocrine, other) and gross appearance (intraductal, cystic, solid). Each different type of pancreatic tumor has a different appearance when examined under a microscope. These unique microscopic features and genetic markers are
110:
The most common type of pancreatic tumor is pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which accounts near 90% of all pancreas cancers. Adenocarcinomas are exocrine tumors of the pancreas, which implies that they begin within the part of the pancreas responsible for creating digestive enzymes. Different subtypes of
122:
The second broad category of pancreatic tumor types are neuroendocrine tumors (also known as "endocrine" or "islet cell tumors"). These types of tumors arise from hormone-producing cells in the pancreas and account for only 1-2% of all pancreatic tumors. These endocrine tumors tend to be classified
131:
The defining presenting symptom of patients is jaundice or a "yellowing" of the skin and eyes. Although this jaundice has been described as painless in textbooks, a significant number of patients present with pain in addition to jaundice, typically arising in the upper abdomen and radiating to the
114:
Following PDACs, acinar cell carcinomas account for 5% of exocrine pancreatic cancers and can be "functioning", and overproduce certain molecules that can lead to some of the signs and symptoms that are often encountered in pancreatic cancers.
118:
The last type of exocrine tumors include pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms, which have fluid filled cavities. These types of tumors are common and mostly benign, although certain subtypes have varying malignant potential.
279:
132:
back. Additional presenting symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and generalized itching. Often, significant weight loss and loss of appetite is also present.
673:
610:
Gurusamy, Kurinchi Selvan; Kumar, Senthil; Davidson, Brian R; Fusai, Giuseppe (2014-02-27). Cochrane Upper GI and
Pancreatic Diseases Group (ed.).
317:
171:
197:
501:
904:
780:
929:
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1014:
181:
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1224:
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1159:
659:
766:
1062:
1164:
967:
924:
895:
875:
140:
After diagnosis and proper staging of pancreatic cancer, candidacy for surgical resection is then assessed.
1193:
867:
690:
1229:
1133:
909:
885:
1149:
890:
871:
744:
387:
1057:
986:
682:
111:
exocrine adenocarcinomas exist, with the most common being pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
1009:
863:
438:
Vincent, Audrey; Herman, Joseph; Schulick, Rich; Hruban, Ralph H.; Goggins, Michael (2011-08-13).
1198:
947:
716:
1039:
827:
789:
899:
311:
102:
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277:
8:
632:
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252:
191:
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541:
529:
521:
477:
459:
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407:
403:
357:
299:
257:
239:
177:
170:
WHO Classification of
Tumours Editorial Board (2019). "10. Tumours of the pancreas".
83:
41:
94:
what allow for proper diagnosis and treatments in patients with pancreatic cancers.
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846:
761:
749:
627:
623:
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467:
451:
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231:
46:
814:
797:
517:
337:
278:
Wang Y, Miller FH, Chen ZE, Merrick L, Mortele KJ, Hoff FL; et al. (2011).
28:
1128:
1091:
1021:
919:
859:
802:
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721:
572:
235:
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463:
411:
243:
169:
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219:
1034:
641:
588:
533:
500:
Perri, Giampaolo; Prakash, Laura R.; Katz, Matthew H. G. (September 2019).
481:
419:
361:
303:
280:"Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of solid and cystic lesions of the pancreas"
261:
612:"Resection versus other treatments for locally advanced pancreatic cancer"
353:
1099:
1052:
995:
939:
295:
557:"Neuroendocrine Pancreatic Tumors: Guidelines for Management and Update"
1185:
50:
1081:
1004:
822:
1144:
79:
54:
336:
Ryan, David P.; Hong, Theodore S.; Bardeesy, Nabeel (2014-09-11).
218:
Kearney, Joseph F.; Adsay, Volkan; Yeh, Jen Jen (October 2021).
176:. Vol. 1 (5th ed.). Lyon (France). pp. 295–372.
87:
220:"Pathology and Molecular Characteristics of Pancreatic Cancer"
75:
1141:
437:
609:
106:
Relative incidences of various pancreatic neoplasm.
555:Burns, William R.; Edil, Barish H. (2012-03-01).
1216:
499:
335:
217:
681:
667:
316:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
126:
674:
660:
224:Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
196:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
90:. Pancreatic tumors are rare in children.
27:
930:Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
631:
554:
471:
251:
165:
163:
161:
159:
157:
155:
153:
101:
1155:Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
616:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1217:
150:
655:
561:Current Treatment Options in Oncology
385:
495:
493:
491:
433:
431:
429:
381:
379:
377:
331:
329:
327:
213:
211:
209:
207:
1204:Desmoplastic small round cell tumor
506:Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
13:
905:Polymerase proofreading-associated
502:"Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors"
14:
1241:
767:Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
603:
488:
426:
374:
324:
274:Diagram by Mikael Häggström, M.D.
204:
1063:Nodular regenerative hyperplasia
404:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.10.014
342:New England Journal of Medicine
1165:Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm
968:Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
925:Familial adenomatous polyposis
624:10.1002/14651858.CD010244.pub2
548:
268:
1:
973:Krukenberg tumor (metastatic)
456:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62307-0
388:"Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors"
143:
135:
1194:Primary peritoneal carcinoma
868:traditional serrated adenoma
518:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000571
82:. In adults, almost 90% are
7:
1134:Pancreatic ductal carcinoma
386:Ă–berg, Kjell (2010-12-01).
338:"Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma"
10:
1246:
1225:Digestive system neoplasia
1150:Serous microcystic adenoma
745:Signet ring cell carcinoma
683:Digestive system neoplasia
1184:
1113:
1071:
1058:Focal nodular hyperplasia
994:
985:
960:
938:
836:
813:
788:
779:
730:
707:
698:
689:
573:10.1007/s11864-011-0172-2
236:10.1016/j.soc.2021.06.003
127:Symptoms and Presentation
60:
40:
35:
26:
21:
1160:Mucinous cystic neoplasm
1010:Hepatocellular carcinoma
864:sessile serrated adenoma
173:Digestive System Tumours
97:
1199:Peritoneal mesothelioma
948:Squamous cell carcinoma
717:Squamous cell carcinoma
36:Anatomy of the pancreas
1040:Hepatocellular adenoma
828:Pseudomyxoma peritonei
107:
394:. Endocrine Cancers.
354:10.1056/nejmra1404198
105:
1045:Cavernous hemangioma
896:Familial adenomatous
883:Polyposis syndromes:
392:Seminars in Oncology
296:10.1148/rg.313105174
440:"Pancreatic cancer"
1230:Pancreas disorders
1105:Gallbladder cancer
1087:Cholangiocarcinoma
1027:Liver angiosarcoma
961:Upper and/or lower
910:Serrated polyposis
108:
1212:
1211:
1180:
1179:
1172:Pancreatoblastoma
1124:exocrine pancreas
981:
980:
956:
955:
775:
774:
740:Gastric carcinoma
450:(9791): 607–620.
348:(11): 1039–1049.
183:978-92-832-4499-8
84:pancreatic cancer
68:
67:
16:Medical condition
1237:
992:
991:
891:MUTYH-associated
876:Cronkhite–Canada
847:Colorectal polyp
786:
785:
762:Linitis plastica
750:Gastric lymphoma
705:
704:
696:
695:
676:
669:
662:
653:
652:
646:
645:
635:
607:
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552:
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167:
72:pancreatic tumor
47:Gastroenterology
31:
22:Pancreatic tumor
19:
18:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1176:
1109:
1067:
977:
952:
934:
832:
809:
798:Duodenal cancer
790:Small intestine
771:
726:
685:
680:
650:
649:
618:(2): CD010244.
608:
604:
553:
549:
498:
489:
436:
427:
384:
375:
366:
364:
334:
325:
309:
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275:
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269:
216:
205:
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100:
76:abnormal growth
17:
12:
11:
5:
1243:
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1227:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1188:
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1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1129:Adenocarcinoma
1119:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1095:
1094:
1092:Klatskin tumor
1089:
1077:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1022:Hepatoblastoma
1019:
1018:
1017:
1000:
998:
989:
983:
982:
979:
978:
976:
975:
970:
964:
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954:
953:
951:
950:
944:
942:
936:
935:
933:
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927:
922:
920:Adenocarcinoma
913:
912:
907:
902:
893:
888:
879:
878:
842:
840:
834:
833:
831:
830:
825:
819:
817:
811:
810:
808:
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805:
803:Adenocarcinoma
794:
792:
783:
777:
776:
773:
772:
770:
769:
764:
759:
758:
757:
747:
742:
736:
734:
728:
727:
725:
724:
722:Adenocarcinoma
719:
713:
711:
702:
693:
687:
686:
679:
678:
671:
664:
656:
648:
647:
602:
547:
512:(5): 468–477.
487:
425:
398:(6): 594–618.
373:
323:
267:
230:(4): 609–619.
203:
182:
148:
147:
145:
142:
137:
134:
128:
125:
99:
96:
86:and a few are
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
44:
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1073:Biliary tract
1070:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1015:Fibrolamellar
1013:
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1002:
1001:
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993:
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988:
984:
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959:
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908:
906:
903:
901:
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884:
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880:
877:
873:
872:Peutz–Jeghers
869:
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850:
848:
844:
843:
841:
839:
835:
829:
826:
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799:
796:
795:
793:
791:
787:
784:
782:
778:
768:
765:
763:
760:
756:
755:MALT lymphoma
753:
752:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
737:
735:
733:
729:
723:
720:
718:
715:
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710:
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697:
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688:
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332:
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328:
319:
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305:
301:
297:
293:
290:(3): E47-64.
289:
285:
284:Radiographics
281:
276:Source data:
271:
263:
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34:
30:
25:
20:
1140:
1122:
1098:
1080:
1051:
1033:
1003:
916:
882:
856:hyperplastic
845:
838:Colon/rectum
615:
605:
567:(1): 24–34.
564:
560:
550:
509:
505:
447:
443:
395:
391:
365:. Retrieved
345:
341:
312:cite journal
287:
283:
270:
227:
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172:
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121:
117:
113:
109:
92:
71:
69:
1100:gallbladder
1053:hyperplasia
61:Usual onset
1219:Categories
1186:Peritoneum
444:The Lancet
367:2022-11-12
144:References
136:Management
51:Hepatology
1145:neoplasms
1082:bile duct
1005:malignant
987:Accessory
917:Neoplasm:
900:Gardner's
823:Carcinoid
709:Esophagus
581:1534-6277
542:196812693
526:0267-1379
464:0140-6736
412:0093-7754
244:1055-3207
192:cite book
42:Specialty
1115:Pancreas
886:Juvenile
860:juvenile
815:Appendix
691:GI tract
642:24578248
633:11095847
589:22198808
534:31306159
482:21620466
420:21167379
362:25207767
304:21721197
262:34511185
80:pancreas
55:Oncology
852:adenoma
732:Stomach
597:7329783
473:3062508
253:8442745
78:in the
1142:cystic
1035:benign
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242:
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88:benign
74:is an
64:Adults
996:Liver
781:Lower
700:Upper
593:S2CID
538:S2CID
98:Types
940:Anus
638:PMID
585:PMID
577:ISSN
530:PMID
522:ISSN
478:PMID
460:ISSN
416:PMID
408:ISSN
358:PMID
318:link
300:PMID
258:PMID
240:ISSN
198:link
178:ISBN
628:PMC
620:doi
569:doi
514:doi
468:PMC
452:doi
448:378
400:doi
350:doi
346:371
292:doi
248:PMC
232:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
