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restored without a definitive solution to the question; for the
Council of Constance succeeded in terminating the Western Schism, not by declaring which of the three claimants was the rightful one, but by eliminating all of them by forcing their abdication or deposition, and then setting up a novel arrangement for choosing a new pope acceptable to all sides. To this day the Church has never made any official, authoritative pronouncement about the papal lines of succession for this confusing period; nor has Martin V or any of his successors. Modern scholars are not agreed in their solutions, although they tend to favor the Roman line.
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903:. Discussions continued instead with Innocent, but quickly stalled and by February 1405, and Benedict's envoys had returned to Avignon. Benedict quickly excommunicated Innocent and with an army started marching towards Rome, in May 1405. He occupied Genoa for a year and awaited French military support, which never came. Innocent died 6 November 1406, and the Roman cardinals elected Angelo Correr as Gregory XII.
899:, who was elected against the wishes of Charles VI of France, reigned in Avignon from 1394. When Pope Boniface died in 1404, the eight cardinals of the Roman conclave offered to refrain from electing a new pope if Benedict would resign; but when Benedict's legates refused on his behalf, the Roman party then proceeded to elect Pope
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met in 1409 under the auspices of the cardinals to try solving the dispute. At the fifteenth session, on 5 June 1409, the
Council of Pisa attempted to depose both the Roman pope and Avignon antipope as schismatical, heretical, perjured and scandalous, but proceeded to inflame the problem even further
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Pope
Benedict and Gregory agreed to abdicate their respective papacies in December 1406. However, Benedict stated that he wanted to negotiate a solution first. Gregory sent an ambassador to the St. Victor abbey in Marseille, where Benedict was staying. On the other hand, Gregory preferred Savona, and
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on 20 September 1378. The cardinals argued that the election of Urban VI was invalid because it had been out of fear of the rioting Roman crowds. Unable to maintain himself in Anagni, and following the defeat of his forces at the battle of Marino, Clement VII fled to Naples, which was ruled by one of
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Doubt still shrouds the validity of the three rival lines of pontiffs during the four decades subsequent to the still disputed papal election of 1378. This makes suspect the credentials of the cardinals created by the Roman, Avignon, and Pisan claimants to the
Apostolic See. Unity was finally
1110:, which extend Gregory XII's reign to 1415. The line of Roman popes is now retroactively recognized by the Catholic Church as the sole legitimate line during the Western Schism. However, Popes Alexander VI through VIII have not been renumbered, leaving a gap in the numbering sequence.
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For the next five centuries, the
Catholic Church recognized the Roman popes as the legitimate line from 1378 to 1409, followed by the Pisan popes from 1409 to 1415. All Avignon popes after 1378 are considered to be antipopes. This recognition is reflected in the numbering of popes
827:. Despite being met regally by Joanna, Clement was met with the populace chanting, "Viva Papa Urbano" (Long Live Pope Urban) and "Muoia l'Anticristo" (Death to the Antichrist), which convinced him to leave. He took a ship to Avignon and reestablished the papal court there.
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There was also a marked decline in discipline within the church. Scholars note that the
Western Schism effectively eroded the church's authority and its capacity to proclaim the gospel. This dissension and loss of unity ultimately culminated in the
90:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
778:) to ensure the election of a Roman pope. The pope and his curia had returned to Rome after seventy years in Avignon, and the Romans were prepared to do everything in their power to keep them there. On 8 April 1378, the
1100:.) Although Roncalli's declaration of assuming the name specified that his decision was made "apart from disputes about legitimacy", this passage was subsequently excised from the version appearing in the
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gained impetus due to the Schism. This new reformist movement held that a general council is superior to the pope on the strength of its capability to resolve ecclesiastical issues. Theorists such as
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831:, who seems to have been irked beforehand by the choice of the Roman pontiff, soon became his greatest protector. Besides France, Clement eventually succeeded in winning to his cause
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chose to reuse the ordinal XXIII upon his election as Pope John XXIII, citing "twenty-two Johns of indisputable legitimacy." (There had actually been twenty undisputed Johns due to
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1063:. Alexanders VI, VII, and VIII are numbered as though the Pisan pope Alexander V were legitimate, but John XXIII (d. 1963) has reused the ordinal of the Pisan pope John XXIII.
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explained that the priests and the church itself are the sources of the papal power and, thus, the church should be able to correct, punish, and, if necessary, depose a pope.
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claimants in 1409. The event was driven by international rivalries, personalities and political allegiances, with the
Avignon Papacy in particular being closely tied to the
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Fleck, Cathleen A. (2009). "Seeking
Legitimacy:Art and Manuscripts for the Popes in Avignon from 1378 to 1417". In Rollo-Koster, Joëlle; Izbicki, Thomas M. (eds.).
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Before he could return to
Avignon, Gregory XI died in the Vatican palace on 27 March 1378. The Romans put into operation a plan to use intimidation and violence (
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on 17 January 1377. Gregory, however, announced his intention to reverse his decision and return to
Avignon just after the Easter celebrations of 1378.
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Map showing allegiance to Rome (blue), to Avignon (red), and variable allegiance (orange) during the Western Schism; this breakdown is valid until the
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in 1397, chose to ignore pleas for his resignation. Benedict died 23 May 1423: to succeed him three cardinals elected Gil Sanchez Munoz y Carbon as
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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went over to the "obedience" of Avignon, a great number of people left to follow their trade in a city of Urbanist allegiance.... In the 1382, the
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Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Renate (2009). "The Conceptualization and Imagery of the Great Schism". In Rollo-Koster, Joëlle; Izbicki, Thomas M. (eds.).
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Stump, Philip H. (2009). "The Council of Constance (1414-1418) and the End of the Schism". In Rollo-Koster, Joëlle; Izbicki, Thomas M. (eds.).
359:(1409) declared that both rivals were illegitimate and elected a third purported pope. The schism was finally resolved when the Pisan claimant
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2682:(2008). "The Conciliar Heritage and the Politics of Oblivion". In Christianson, Gerald; Izbicki, Thomas M.; Bellitto, Christopher M. (eds.).
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for 1860 listed the Pisan popes as true popes from 1409 to 1415, but it acknowledged that Gregory XII's reign ended in either 1409 or 1415.
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Sustained by such national and factional rivalries, the schism continued after the deaths of both Urban VI in 1389 and Clement VII in 1394.
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The Waning of the Middle Ages: A Study of the Forms of Life, Thought and Art in France and the Netherlands in the XIVth and XVth Centuries
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The Waning of the Middle Ages: A Study of the Forms of Life, Thought and Art in France and the Netherlands in the XIVth and XVth Centuries
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Rollo-Koster, Joëlle (2009). "Civil Violence and the Initiation of the Schism". In Rollo-Koster, Joëlle; Izbicki, Thomas M. (eds.).
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2777:: Ecclesiastical Politics and Oral Culture in the Letters of Catherine of Siena". In Cherewatuk, Karen; Wiethaus, Ulrike (eds.).
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The recognition of the Pisan popes made the continued legitimacy of the Roman pope Gregory XII doubtful for 1409–1415. The
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In the intense partisanship that was characteristic of the Middle Ages, the schism engendered a fanatical hatred noted by
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Benedict concurred. They balked at the last moment, and both groups of cardinals abandoned their preferred leaders. The
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The Clement Bible at the Medieval Courts of Naples and Avignon: "A Story of Papal Power, Royal Prestige, and Patronage
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940:. He reigned briefly in Pisa from June 26, 1409, to his death in 1410, when he was succeeded by, Baldassare Cossa as
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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The majority of the cardinals who had elected Urban VI quickly regretted their decision and removed themselves to
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returned to Rome in 1377. The Catholic Church split in September 1378, when, following Gregory XI's death and
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Broderick, John F. (1987). "The Sacred College of Cardinals: Size and Geographical Composition (1099–1986)".
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and Jean Gerson, adopted arguments that permitted the Church to call a council to resolve this issue, while
763:'s efforts to extend its powers of patronage, and attempts to increase its revenues. The last Avignon pope,
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issued the bull Execrabilis which forbids any attempt to appeal papal judgements by general councils.
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According to Joëlle Rollo-Koster, Benedict's legates were imprisoned until after the conclave ended.
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Swanson, Robert (2021). "The church and religious life: The papacy". In Lazzarini, Isabella (ed.).
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The 'Commentaries' of Pope Pius II (1458-1464) and the Crisis of the Fifteenth-Century Papacy
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subsequent election, a group of French cardinals declared his election invalid and elected
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to resolve the schism once and for all. The council was also endorsed by the Roman pope
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2503:"Cum essem in Constantie...": Raffaele Fulgosio and the Council of Constance, 1414-1415
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on 27 July 1417, having lost all his supporters in the process. The Council elected
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The Great Western Schism, 1378–1417: Performing Legitimacy, Performing Unity
1854:"Western Schism | History, Background, Popes, & Resolution | Britannica"
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Life and Death in a Venetian Convent: The Chronicle and Necrology of Corpus
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2686:. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press. p. 89.
2577:. Vol. 1: The Early Church to the Dawn of the Reformation. New York:
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The Church, the Councils, and Reform: The Legacy of the Fifteenth Century
1044:
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883:, which might only be unfurled in a holy cause, was taken up against the
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had developed a reputation for corruption that estranged much of Western
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
30:
For the East–West Schism of 1054, also known as the Great Schism, see
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The Cardinals: Thirteen Centuries of the Men Behind the Papal Throne
977:, giving it greater legitimacy. On 6 April 1415, the council issued
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2768:. Vol. II: From c.900 to c.1500. University of Toronto Press.
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by electing Peter Philargi, the cardinal archbishop of Milan, as
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required that a pope call a council. Eventually theologians like
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The Western Schism was, in practice, reinterpreted in 1958 when
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Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
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Riccoboni, Sister Bartolomea (2000). Bornstein, Daniel (ed.).
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lasting from 20 September 1378 to 11 November 1417, in which
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argued that a council could only be convoked by an emperor.
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Magnum schisma occidentale, Ecclesiae occidentalis schisma
210:(39 years, 1 month, 3 weeks and 1 day)
99:
to this template: there are already 1,492 articles in the
5513:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
2328:
2226:
1954:
2806:
The Spiritual Power: Republican Florence under Interdict
2214:
2190:
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2151:
2139:
1930:
739:
The papacy had, since 1309, resided in Avignon, a papal
2381:
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1990:
818:, thirteen cardinals elected Count Robert of Geneva as
9561:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
2559:
Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1906). Hamilton, Annie (ed.).
2463:
Always Reforming: A History of Christianity Since 1300
2265:
2053:
2005:
1918:
5544:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
2532:
The Great Schism. The Council of Constance, 1378–1418
2340:
2238:
2041:
394:
between the churches remaining in communion with the
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Dear Sister: Medieval Women and the Epistolary Genre
2721:
An Introduction to Religious and Theological Studies
2369:
2301:
2178:
2096:
2029:
1966:
859:
also recognized the Avignon antipope Benedict XIII.
375:
and Pisan antipope John XXIII. The Avignon antipope
83:
2788:
A Companion to the Great Western Schism (1378–1417)
2748:
A Companion to the Great Western Schism (1378–1417)
2739:
Reclaiming Rome: Cardinals in the Fifteenth Century
2542:
A Companion to the Great Western Schism (1378–1417)
2481:
A Companion to the Great Western Schism (1378–1417)
2478:
2316:
2127:
2071:
2017:
1978:
1942:
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1870:
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1652:(aligned with Rome at the end of the 14th century)
27:Split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417
887:, because they were Urbanists, that is, infidels.
390:, although this term is usually reserved for the
10692:
5614:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
2896:
806:(1409), which created a third line of claimants.
328:, and were eventually joined by a third line of
267:Reunification of the Catholic Church after the
199:A 14th-century miniature symbolizing the schism
2562:History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages
125:accompanying your translation by providing an
74:Click for important translation instructions.
61:expand this article with text translated from
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1410:Italian city-states (Central-Northern Italy)
7974:
2799:. Oxford University Press. pp. 79–108.
2709:
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1733:(changed to Roman pope Gregory XII in 1414)
439:
10267:
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7807:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
5885:
5871:
5629:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
5579:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
4610:
4596:
2889:
2875:
2736:
2654:A History of the Church in the Middle Ages
2611:. Vol. LXXII No.19. 1958. p. 91.
1936:
1812:(from 1409–1415 was in alliance with Pisa)
432:
418:
386:The event is sometimes referred to as the
367:(1414–1418). The Council arranged for the
259:International rivalries in Catholic Europe
193:
137:{{Translated|fr|Grand schisme d'Occident}}
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1059:Plaque commemorating the popes buried in
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2059:
1708:Roman pope Gregory XII in 1410 and 1414)
1054:
1002:in 1417, essentially ending the schism.
951:
797:
9385:Fostering of early experimental science
2803:
2794:
2660:
2509:
2422:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Western Schism"
2346:
2244:
2047:
2011:
1113:According to John F. Broderick (1987):
986:The council, advised by the theologian
947:
14:
10693:
9489:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy
6266:
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1948:
843:, a great part of the Latin East, and
324:simultaneously claimed to be the true
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2565:. Vol. VI, Part II. George Bell.
2548:
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1972:
1900:
1876:
413:
2718:
2615:
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1984:
1122:
699:
208:20 September 1378 – 11 November 1417
43:
10229:
9674:Decline of the Western Roman Empire
5892:
5483:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
2857:The Age of the Great Western Schism
2781:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
2634:Kneupper, Frances Courtney (2016).
1361:(until the end of the 14th century)
383:was elected and reigned from Rome.
24:
9766:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire
5038:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
2766:A Short History of the Middle Ages
2732:. The University of Chicago Press.
2535:. Houghton, Mifflin & Company.
2407:, Vol. 1 (Paris: A. Picard 1896),
475:election begins the Western Schism
25:
10807:
10196:Historiography in the Middle Ages
2834:
2496:. Gregorian Biblical Press: 7–71.
2470:Bellitto, Christopher M. (2002).
895:was crowned in Rome in 1389, and
782:elected Bartolomeo Prignano, the
10673:
10663:
10662:
10228:
10219:
10218:
10208:
7929:
7928:
7917:
7885:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
7433:Criticism of the Catholic Church
5845:
5833:
5164:Fourth Council of Constantinople
5119:Second Council of Constantinople
4569:
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994:, who refused to step down, was
944:, who achieved limited support.
703:
245:Election of a third pope by the
48:
9694:Christianity in the Middle Ages
9689:Decline of Hellenistic religion
6052:First seven ecumenical councils
5134:Third Council of Constantinople
5058:First Council of Constantinople
2710:O’Callaghan, Joseph F. (1975).
2661:McGuire, Brian Patrick (2006).
2438:
2414:
2393:
2365:. 10 November 1958. p. 91.
2352:
1827:
1746:(began supporting Pisa in 1409)
969:was convened by the Pisan pope
862:
9972:Crisis of the late Middle Ages
9348:Separation of church and state
9017:Formal and material principles
9002:Separation of church and state
6627:Separation of church and state
5373:Dissolution of the monasteries
4639:History of the Catholic Church
2819:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
2764:Rosenwein, Barbara H. (2018).
2723:(2nd ed.). Cascade Books.
2705:. University of Toronto Press.
2627:Oxford Dictionary of the Popes
2490:Archivum Historiae Pontificiae
1846:
1639:rebels (fought against France)
1098:antipopes and numbering errors
925:
187:crisis of the late Middle Ages
135:You may also add the template
13:
1:
10628:Conclavist/post-Sedevacantist
10274:
10146:Disability in the Middle Ages
9819:Rise of the Republic of Genoa
9751:Rise of the Venetian Republic
9012:Hymnody of continental Europe
8163:Apostles in the New Testament
5247:Fourth Council of the Lateran
5222:Second Council of the Lateran
4831:Apostles in the New Testament
2862:Catholic Encyclopedia article
2759:. Cambridge University Press.
2755:Rollo-Koster, Joëlle (2022).
2737:Richardson, Carol M. (2009).
2636:The Empire At The End Of Time
2401:La France et le Grand Schisme
1840:
1005:Benedict XIII, recognized by
398:and those remaining with the
238:Election of two popes by the
5361:Catholic Counter-Reformation
5227:Third Council of the Lateran
5217:First Council of the Lateran
4673:Catholic ecumenical councils
2512:An Introduction to Canon Law
1020:
793:
37:For the Schism of 1521, see
7:
8460:Eastern Orthodox opposition
2714:. Cornell University Press.
2712:A History of Medieval Spain
2618:Medieval Warfare: A History
2616:Keen, Maurice, ed. (2010).
2549:Fleck, Cathleen A. (2016).
2529:Creighton, Mandell (2012).
961:at the Council of Constance
405:
107:will aid in categorization.
10:
10812:
9947:Rise of the Ottoman Empire
8477:Art patronage of Julius II
7924:Catholic Church portal
4707:History of the Roman Curia
2813:Walsh, Michael J. (2011).
2790:. Brill. pp. 395–442.
2674:. Oxford University Press.
2663:A Companion to Jean Gerson
2643:Linder, Robert D. (2008).
2638:. Oxford University Press.
2629:. Oxford University Press.
2620:. Oxford University Press.
2544:. Brill. pp. 239–302.
2483:. Brill. pp. 123–158.
2465:. Mercer University Press.
2454:
1725:
1713:
1698:
1692:Ireland under English rule
1547:
1535:
1523:
1517:Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland
1505:Ireland under English rule
1316:
1208:
1196:
1172:
734:
379:was excommunicated, while
82:Machine translation, like
36:
29:
10658:
10626:
10605:Apostles of Infinite Love
10603:
10572:
10565:
10529:
10496:
10485:
10369:
10328:
10282:
10204:
10133:
9992:
9887:
9874:Mongol invasion of Europe
9779:
9659:
9569:
9404:
9323:
9252:
9187:
9109:
9040:
8980:Calvinist–Arminian debate
8954:
8721:
8604:
8440:
8331:
8213:
8111:
8000:
7982:
7912:
7850:Aid to the Church in Need
7840:
7697:
7510:
7471:Vatican Television Center
7446:
7356:
7246:
7116:Eastern Catholic Churches
7097:
6986:
6879:
6826:
6751:
6722:
6647:
6572:
6507:
6452:
6371:
6241:
6155:
6087:
6032:
5951:
5928:
5900:
5828:
5728:
5594:
5521:
5456:
5443:European wars of religion
5340:
5275:
5177:
5099:
4990:
4913:
4773:
4762:
4754:Eastern Catholic Churches
4629:
4553:
4480:
4420:
4359:
4350:
4164:
3878:
3477:
3181:
2975:
2908:
2652:Logan, F. Donald (2002).
2600:. Edward Arnold & Co.
2575:The Story of Christianity
2501:Cable, Martin J. (2015).
2461:Atwood, Craig D. (2001).
610:
445:
263:
255:
232:
222:
214:
204:
192:
184:
63:the corresponding article
10746:15th-century Catholicism
10741:14th-century Catholicism
10486:Late Middle Ages /
9469:Christian existentialism
7792:Communion and Liberation
7256:Eastern Catholic liturgy
6421:Mystici Corporis Christi
6349:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
5574:Mary of the Divine Heart
5197:Clash against the empire
5149:Second Council of Nicaea
5043:Old St. Peter's Basilica
2670:Oakley, Francis (2003).
2596:Huizinga, Johan (1924).
2448:. Edward Arnold & Co
2444:Huizinga, Johan (1924).
2072:Blumenfeld-Kosinski 2009
1820:
1719:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1553:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1348:(fought against England)
1094:Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli
392:East–West Schism of 1054
10791:Schisms in Christianity
9829:Investiture Controversy
9799:Second Bulgarian Empire
7976:History of Christianity
6607:Philosophy of canon law
6537:Mariology of the saints
6117:Investiture Controversy
5840:Vatican City portal
5192:Investiture Controversy
5048:First Council of Nicaea
4371:During the Roman Empire
2750:. Brill. pp. 9–66.
2701:O'Brien, Emily (2015).
2510:Coriden, James (2004).
1478:only a small number of
502:ends the Western Schism
440:Western Schism timeline
400:Eastern Orthodox Church
286:Great Occidental Schism
160:
146:For more guidance, see
10680:Catholicism portal
10186:Post-classical history
9942:Fall of Constantinople
9849:Capet–Plantagenet feud
9716:First Bulgarian Empire
9537:Fourth Great Awakening
9424:Second Great Awakening
8663:Fall of Constantinople
8455:Development of primacy
7860:Catholic Charities USA
7494:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
7482:Vatican Polyglot Press
6532:Mariology of the popes
6170:Protestant Reformation
5852:Catholicism portal
5663:Second Vatican Council
5549:Our Lady of La Salette
5356:Protestant Reformation
5343:Protestant Reformation
5262:Second Council of Lyon
4651:Ecclesiastical history
4576:Catholic Church Portal
4436:Conflicts with the HRE
2804:Trexler, R.C. (1974).
2773:Scott, Karen (1993). "
2625:Kelly, J.N.D. (1986).
1706:(changed two times to
1120:
1103:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
1064:
1051:Official list of popes
1045:Protestant Reformation
962:
889:
823:his supporters, Queen
807:
712:This section is empty.
301:
173:considered for merging
39:Protestant Reformation
10786:1410s in Christianity
10781:1400s in Christianity
10776:1390s in Christianity
10771:1380s in Christianity
10766:1370s in Christianity
10761:History of the papacy
10756:Christian terminology
10457:Victor IV (1159–1164)
9532:Reformed epistemology
9474:Third Great Awakening
9444:Seventh-day Adventist
9365:First Great Awakening
9238:Book of Common Prayer
9032:Protestant work ethic
8575:Independent Catholics
8526:Monastery dissolution
7614:Good Shepherd Sisters
7456:Holy See Press Office
6694:Doctors of the Church
6527:Immaculate Conception
6482:Anointing of the Sick
6017:History of the papacy
5559:First Vatican Council
5257:First Council of Lyon
5021:Constantine the Great
4717:Christian monasticism
4352:History of the papacy
2797:The Later Middle Ages
1482:aligned with Avignon)
1115:
1058:
1047:of the 16th century.
1007:King Martin of Aragon
955:
906:The suggestion for a
873:
801:
310:Roman Catholic Church
148:Knowledge:Translation
119:copyright attribution
10166:Medieval reenactment
9962:Renaissance Humanism
9869:Medieval Warm Period
9839:Republic of Florence
9653:European Middle Ages
9355:Edicts of toleration
9164:Three Forms of Unity
8929:Bohemian Reformation
8502:Catholic Reformation
8359:Roman state religion
8178:Council of Jerusalem
7487:L'Osservatore Romano
7425:Role in civilisation
7151:Croatian and Serbian
6899:Episcopal conference
6861:St. Peter's Basilica
6219:Sexual abuse scandal
6175:Catholic Reformation
5736:Sexual abuse scandal
5645:Mit brennender Sorge
5488:Age of Enlightenment
5267:Bernard of Clairvaux
5144:Byzantine Iconoclasm
5083:Council of Chalcedon
4863:Council of Jerusalem
4732:Role in civilization
4712:Religious institutes
4644:By country or region
4514:Revolutionary Papacy
4508:Age of Enlightenment
2719:Orji, Cyril (2021).
2581:. pp. 408–409.
2472:The General Councils
1458:Republic of Florence
1035:On 18 January 1460,
967:Council of Constance
948:Council of Constance
500:Council of Constance
365:Council of Constance
280:, also known as the
269:Council of Constance
240:College of Cardinals
18:Papal Schism of 1378
9879:Kingdom of Portugal
9746:Old Church Slavonic
9731:Anglo-Saxon England
9527:Liberation theology
9434:Jehovah's Witnesses
9267:Radical Reformation
8995:Resistance theories
8882:Christian mysticism
8877:Early Scholasticism
8589:Ecclesial community
8487:Counter-Reformation
8352:Constantinian shift
7822:Neocatechumenal Way
7787:Charismatic Renewal
7501:Annuario Pontificio
7099:Particular churches
6775:Ecumenical councils
6547:Perpetual virginity
6382:Communitas perfecta
6326:Sermon on the Mount
5564:Papal infallibility
5554:Our Lady of Lourdes
5503:Shimabara Rebellion
5347:Counter-Reformation
4361:Antiquity and Early
4165:17th–21st centuries
3879:13th–16th centuries
2645:The Reformation Era
2606:"I Choose John ..."
2360:"I Choose John ..."
1744:Kingdom of Portugal
1650:Kingdom of Portugal
1359:Kingdom of Portugal
1226:Kingdom of Scotland
1128:
1108:Annuario Pontificio
1086:Annuario Pontificio
920:Francesco Zabarella
829:Charles V of France
371:of both Roman pope
361:Antipope John XXIII
181:
10060:In popular culture
10025:Crusading movement
9897:Hundred Years' War
9756:Civitas Schinesghe
9741:Carolingian Empire
9726:Kingdom of Croatia
9679:Barbarian kingdoms
9601:Oriental Orthodoxy
9244:King James Version
9056:Ninety-five Theses
8852:Apostolic Brethren
8626:Church of the East
8621:Oriental Orthodoxy
8467:Crusading movement
7987:Early Christianity
7659:Premonstratensians
6042:Ante-Nicene period
5920:Lists of Catholics
5609:Our Lady of Fátima
5398:Ignatius of Loyola
5322:Catherine of Siena
5290:Pope Boniface VIII
5109:Benedict of Nursia
5078:Council of Ephesus
4915:Ante-Nicene period
4868:Split with Judaism
4702:Crusading movement
4496:Reformation Papacy
4490:Renaissance Papacy
4432:(1012–1044 / 1048)
4385:Ostrogothic Papacy
3478:9th–12th centuries
2849:Catholicism portal
2647:. Greenwood Press.
2298:, p. 539-540.
2286:, p. 408-409.
2199:, p. 320-321.
2175:, p. 319-320.
2163:, p. 318-319.
2148:, p. 402-403.
1891:, p. 490-491.
1858:www.britannica.com
1757:Kingdom of Denmark
1731:Kingdom of Hungary
1680:Kingdom of England
1625:Duchy of Aquitaine
1577:Kingdom of Denmark
1565:County of Flanders
1529:Kingdom of Hungary
1493:Kingdom of England
1472:(majority and the
1434:Republic of Venice
1384:County of Armagnac
1238:Kingdom of Navarre
1127:
1065:
963:
825:Joanna I of Naples
808:
784:archbishop of Bari
776:impressio et metus
341:resided in Avignon
179:
127:interlanguage link
10688:
10687:
10654:
10653:
10552:
10551:
10329:Early Middle Ages
10242:
10241:
10151:Basic topics list
9952:Swiss mercenaries
9902:Wars of the Roses
9809:Kingdom of Poland
9794:Holy Roman Empire
9661:Early Middle Ages
9619:
9618:
9596:Eastern Orthodoxy
9464:Finnish Awakening
9419:Holiness movement
9360:Congregationalism
9319:
9318:
9179:Metrical psalters
8616:Eastern Orthodoxy
8560:Neo-Scholasticism
8267:Canon development
8168:Jewish Christians
7942:
7941:
7352:
7351:
6745:
6568:
6567:
6260:
6237:
6236:
6229:COVID-19 pandemic
6199:French Revolution
6189:Thirty Years' War
6097:Islamic conquests
6010:Apostolic fathers
5945:
5860:
5859:
5820:COVID-19 pandemic
5798:Pope Benedict XVI
5703:Pope John Paul II
5478:Pope Benedict XIV
5464:French Revolution
5448:Thirty Years' War
5438:Robert Bellarmine
5423:John of the Cross
5327:Pope Alexander VI
5312:Council of Vienne
5242:Francis of Assisi
5232:Pope Innocent III
5101:Early Middle Ages
5095:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5033:Arian controversy
4986:
4985:
4934:Apostolic Fathers
4585:
4584:
4549:
4548:
4441:Wandering Papacy
4404:Saeculum obscurum
4377:Under Constantine
3182:5th–8th centuries
2976:1st–4th centuries
2960:papal resignation
2514:. Paulist Press.
2426:www.newadvent.org
2209:Rollo-Koster 2022
2122:Rollo-Koster 2022
2091:Rollo-Koster 2022
1961:Rollo-Koster 2009
1913:Rollo-Koster 2009
1818:
1817:
1798:Holy Roman Empire
1781:Kingdom of Sweden
1769:Kingdom of Norway
1667:Kingdom of France
1601:Kingdom of Sweden
1589:Kingdom of Norway
1470:Holy Roman Empire
1446:Republic of Genoa
1401:Holy Roman Empire
1334:Knights of Rhodes
1310:Kingdom of Cyprus
1298:Duchy of Brittany
1262:Kingdom of Sicily
1250:Kingdom of Naples
1189:Kingdom of France
1123:Papal Recognition
875:when the town of
732:
731:
697:
696:
460:move back to Rome
274:
273:
159:
158:
75:
71:
16:(Redirected from
10803:
10678:
10677:
10666:
10665:
10570:
10569:
10494:
10493:
10452:Victor IV (1138)
10370:High Middle Ages
10269:
10262:
10255:
10246:
10245:
10232:
10231:
10222:
10221:
10212:
10171:Medieval studies
10015:Church and State
9889:Late Middle Ages
9781:High Middle Ages
9699:Christianization
9669:Migration Period
9646:
9639:
9632:
9623:
9622:
9038:
9037:
8425:Non-Chalcedonian
8406:Constantinople I
8198:General epistles
8193:Pauline epistles
8173:Paul the Apostle
8151:Great Commission
7969:
7962:
7955:
7946:
7945:
7932:
7931:
7922:
7921:
7664:Redemptoristines
7512:Religious orders
7438:Anti-Catholicism
7388:Church buildings
7248:Catholic liturgy
6988:Consecrated life
6846:Apostolic Palace
6813:Synod of Bishops
6749:
6748:
6725:
6331:Ten Commandments
6264:
6263:
6246:
6147:Age of Discovery
5981:Great Commission
5949:
5948:
5933:
5887:
5880:
5873:
5864:
5863:
5850:
5849:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5815:Patriarch Kirill
5688:Pope John Paul I
5493:Anti-clericalism
5473:Pope Innocent XI
5393:Society of Jesus
5378:Council of Trent
5332:Age of Discovery
5277:Late Middle Ages
5179:High Middle Ages
5169:East–West Schism
5053:Pope Sylvester I
4999:
4998:
4988:
4987:
4898:General epistles
4893:Pauline epistles
4826:John the Baptist
4809:Great Commission
4771:
4770:
4722:Catholic culture
4612:
4605:
4598:
4589:
4588:
4573:
4561:
4560:
4481:Early Modern and
4391:Byzantine Papacy
4357:
4356:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2830:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2769:
2760:
2751:
2742:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2697:
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2612:
2601:
2592:
2566:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2525:
2506:
2497:
2484:
2475:
2474:. Paulist Press.
2466:
2449:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2397:
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2385:
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2366:
2356:
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2344:
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2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2299:
2296:O’Callaghan 1975
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2235:, p. 87-88.
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2149:
2143:
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2125:
2119:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1915:, p. 19-21.
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1889:Gregorovius 1906
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1850:
1834:
1831:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1742:
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1740:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1395:small number of
1394:
1393:
1392:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1322:Crown of Bohemia
1320:
1319:
1318:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1274:Burgundian State
1272:
1271:
1270:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1214:Crown of Castile
1212:
1211:
1210:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1129:
1126:
820:Pope Clement VII
727:
724:
714:You can help by
707:
700:
688:
682:
673:
504:
503:
496:
489:
484:
477:
476:
469:
462:
461:
454:
434:
427:
420:
411:
410:
343:since 1309, but
227:Christian schism
197:
182:
178:
176:
138:
132:
106:
105:|topic=
103:, and specifying
88:Google Translate
73:
69:
52:
51:
44:
32:East–West Schism
21:
10811:
10810:
10806:
10805:
10804:
10802:
10801:
10800:
10796:Western culture
10731:1410s in Europe
10726:1400s in Europe
10721:1390s in Europe
10716:1380s in Europe
10706:1370s in Europe
10691:
10690:
10689:
10684:
10672:
10650:
10622:
10599:
10561:
10548:
10525:
10487:
10481:
10365:
10324:
10278:
10273:
10243:
10238:
10200:
10181:Neo-medievalism
10129:
10065:Itinerant court
9988:
9883:
9804:Georgian Empire
9789:Norman Conquest
9775:
9721:Frankish Empire
9655:
9650:
9620:
9615:
9565:
9552:Christian right
9454:Oxford Movement
9429:Restorationists
9400:
9315:
9248:
9183:
9134:Presbyterianism
9105:
9085:Book of Concord
9036:
8960:
8958:
8950:
8717:
8607:
8600:
8436:
8335:
8327:
8286:Clement of Rome
8216:
8209:
8113:
8107:
7996:
7978:
7973:
7943:
7938:
7916:
7908:
7887:
7870:Relief Services
7836:
7782:Catholic Action
7772:Military orders
7709:Confraternities
7701:of the faithful
7700:
7693:
7515:
7506:
7442:
7348:
7242:
7101:
7093:
7026:Prior, Prioress
6982:
6875:
6871:Vatican Museums
6822:
6755:
6741:
6737:
6733:
6729:
6724:
6718:
6643:
6597:Social teaching
6564:
6503:
6448:
6403:One true church
6367:
6344:Sixtine Vulgate
6340:Official Bible
6254:
6250:
6245:
6233:
6151:
6083:
6028:
5998:Petrine primacy
5941:
5937:
5932:
5924:
5896:
5894:Catholic Church
5891:
5861:
5856:
5844:
5834:
5832:
5824:
5746:World Youth Day
5724:
5713:World Youth Day
5657:Pacem in terris
5651:Pope John XXIII
5590:
5517:
5508:Edict of Nantes
5466:
5462:
5452:
5418:Teresa of Ávila
5413:Tridentine Mass
5349:
5345:
5336:
5317:Knights Templar
5271:
5173:
5129:Gregorian chant
5087:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5005:
4994:
4982:
4909:
4778:
4766:
4758:
4625:
4623:Catholic Church
4616:
4586:
4581:
4545:
4528:(1929–present)
4482:
4476:
4430:Tusculan Papacy
4422:
4416:
4397:Frankish Papacy
4362:
4346:
4160:
3874:
3473:
3177:
2971:
2904:
2902:Catholic Church
2895:
2847:
2840:
2837:
2827:
2694:
2680:Oakley, Francis
2604:
2589:
2571:González, Justo
2522:
2457:
2452:
2443:
2439:
2430:
2428:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2404:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2370:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2302:
2294:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2258:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2089:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2010:
2006:
1998:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1937:Richardson 2009
1935:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1862:
1860:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1804:
1802:
1794:imperial states
1787:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1763:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1738:
1736:
1723:
1711:
1707:
1704:Crown of Poland
1696:
1686:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1661:
1659:
1644:
1642:
1631:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1571:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1545:
1541:Crown of Poland
1533:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1480:imperial states
1477:
1464:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1440:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1397:imperial states
1390:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1353:
1351:
1340:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1286:County of Savoy
1280:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1220:
1218:
1206:
1202:Crown of Aragon
1194:
1183:
1181:
1125:
1053:
1023:
950:
933:Council of Pisa
928:
865:
847:. Years later,
804:Council of Pisa
796:
747:. Initiated by
737:
728:
722:
719:
698:
693:
692:
686:
680:
671:
667:
666:
665:
664:
663:
658:
657:
652:
651:
646:
645:
640:
639:
634:
633:
628:
627:
622:
621:
616:
615:
609:
608:
606:
605:
604:
597:
595:
594:
593:
592:
591:
580:
579:
578:
577:
570:
569:
568:
561:
560:
559:
552:
551:
550:
543:
542:
541:
534:
531:
530:
528:
527:
526:
519:
518:
517:
510:
507:
506:
505:
498:
497:
494:
491:
490:
487:Council of Pisa
485:
482:
479:
478:
471:
470:
467:
464:
463:
456:
455:
452:
441:
438:
408:
357:Council of Pisa
345:Pope Gregory XI
339:The papacy had
334:French monarchy
247:Council of Pisa
209:
200:
177:
161:
155:
154:
153:
136:
130:
104:
76:
70:(December 2018)
53:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10809:
10799:
10798:
10793:
10788:
10783:
10778:
10773:
10768:
10763:
10758:
10753:
10751:Avignon Papacy
10748:
10743:
10738:
10736:1417 in Europe
10733:
10728:
10723:
10718:
10713:
10711:1378 in Europe
10708:
10703:
10701:Western Schism
10686:
10685:
10683:
10682:
10670:
10659:
10656:
10655:
10652:
10651:
10649:
10648:
10643:
10638:
10632:
10630:
10624:
10623:
10621:
10620:
10615:
10609:
10607:
10601:
10600:
10598:
10593:
10588:
10583:
10578:
10576:
10567:
10563:
10562:
10560:
10559:
10553:
10550:
10549:
10547:
10546:
10541:
10535:
10533:
10527:
10526:
10524:
10523:
10518:
10513:
10508:
10502:
10500:
10491:
10489:Western Schism
10483:
10482:
10480:
10479:
10474:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10419:
10414:
10409:
10404:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10382:Anastasius III
10379:
10373:
10371:
10367:
10366:
10364:
10363:
10358:
10356:Constantine II
10353:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10332:
10330:
10326:
10325:
10323:
10322:
10317:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10286:
10284:
10283:Late Antiquity
10280:
10279:
10272:
10271:
10264:
10257:
10249:
10240:
10239:
10237:
10236:
10226:
10216:
10205:
10202:
10201:
10199:
10198:
10193:
10188:
10183:
10178:
10176:Misconceptions
10173:
10168:
10163:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10143:
10137:
10135:
10131:
10130:
10128:
10127:
10122:
10117:
10112:
10107:
10102:
10097:
10092:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10072:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10052:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10022:
10017:
10012:
10007:
10002:
9996:
9994:
9990:
9989:
9987:
9986:
9984:Little Ice Age
9981:
9980:
9979:
9969:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9937:Western Schism
9934:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9893:
9891:
9885:
9884:
9882:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9831:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9785:
9783:
9777:
9776:
9774:
9773:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9702:
9701:
9691:
9686:
9684:Late antiquity
9681:
9676:
9671:
9665:
9663:
9657:
9656:
9649:
9648:
9641:
9634:
9626:
9617:
9616:
9614:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9587:
9586:
9581:
9570:
9567:
9566:
9564:
9563:
9558:
9549:
9539:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9517:Pentecostalism
9514:
9512:Jesus movement
9509:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9410:
9408:
9402:
9401:
9399:
9398:
9389:
9388:
9387:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9351:
9350:
9340:
9335:
9329:
9327:
9321:
9320:
9317:
9316:
9314:
9313:
9306:
9303:Martyrs Mirror
9299:
9294:
9289:
9287:Martyrs' Synod
9284:
9279:
9277:Swiss Brethren
9274:
9269:
9264:
9258:
9256:
9250:
9249:
9247:
9246:
9241:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9193:
9191:
9185:
9184:
9182:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9115:
9113:
9107:
9106:
9104:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9081:
9076:
9075:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9046:
9044:
9035:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9022:Law and Gospel
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8998:
8997:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8966:
8964:
8952:
8951:
8949:
8948:
8947:
8946:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8910:
8909:
8899:
8894:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8813:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8777:
8776:
8775:
8774:
8773:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8727:
8725:
8719:
8718:
8716:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8703:Ottoman Empire
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8654:
8653:
8648:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8612:
8610:
8602:
8601:
8599:
8598:
8593:
8592:
8591:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8517:
8516:
8515:
8514:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8463:
8462:
8457:
8446:
8444:
8438:
8437:
8435:
8434:
8432:Biblical canon
8429:
8428:
8427:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8387:
8386:
8381:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8355:
8354:
8343:
8341:
8333:Late antiquity
8329:
8328:
8326:
8325:
8320:
8319:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8281:Church Fathers
8274:
8269:
8264:
8263:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8221:
8219:
8211:
8210:
8208:
8207:
8206:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8154:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8123:
8117:
8115:
8109:
8108:
8106:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8004:
8002:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7994:
7989:
7983:
7980:
7979:
7972:
7971:
7964:
7957:
7949:
7940:
7939:
7937:
7936:
7926:
7913:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7888:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7846:
7844:
7838:
7837:
7835:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7817:Legion of Mary
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7768:
7767:
7766:
7765:
7755:
7754:
7753:
7746:Lay Carmelites
7743:
7733:
7732:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7705:
7703:
7695:
7694:
7692:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7594:Conceptionists
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7529:Assumptionists
7525:
7523:
7508:
7507:
7505:
7504:
7497:
7490:
7483:
7480:
7479:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7458:
7452:
7450:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7396:
7395:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7374:
7373:
7362:
7360:
7354:
7353:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7346:
7345:
7344:
7343:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7297:
7296:
7295:
7294:
7293:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7252:
7250:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7240:
7239:
7238:
7233:
7231:Syro-Malankara
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7181:Italo-Albanian
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7113:
7107:
7105:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7091:
7090:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7069:
7064:
7063:
7062:
7052:
7051:
7050:
7045:
7035:
7030:
7029:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
6999:
6992:
6990:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6964:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6908:
6907:
6906:
6901:
6890:
6888:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6851:Lateran Treaty
6848:
6843:
6838:
6832:
6830:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6791:
6777:
6772:
6763:
6761:
6746:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6670:
6669:
6664:
6653:
6651:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6634:
6624:
6623:
6622:
6612:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6587:Moral theology
6584:
6578:
6576:
6570:
6569:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6562:
6557:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6513:
6511:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6490:
6489:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6458:
6456:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6417:
6412:
6411:
6410:
6405:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6377:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6351:
6346:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6281:
6270:
6268:
6261:
6239:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6182:
6172:
6161:
6159:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6102:Pope Gregory I
6099:
6093:
6091:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6074:Biblical canon
6071:
6069:Late antiquity
6066:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6049:
6044:
6038:
6036:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6025:
6024:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6005:Church fathers
6002:
6001:
6000:
5995:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5957:
5955:
5946:
5939:Ecclesiastical
5926:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5890:
5889:
5882:
5875:
5867:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5842:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5743:
5738:
5732:
5730:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5653:
5648:
5641:
5636:
5634:Lateran Treaty
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5600:
5598:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5469:
5467:
5459:Baroque period
5457:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5428:Peter Canisius
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5403:Francis Xavier
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5367:Exsurge Domine
5363:
5358:
5352:
5350:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5307:Pope Clement V
5304:
5303:
5302:
5300:Avignon Papacy
5295:Western Schism
5292:
5287:
5285:Thomas Aquinas
5281:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5183:
5181:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5139:Saint Boniface
5136:
5131:
5126:
5124:Pope Gregory I
5121:
5116:
5111:
5105:
5103:
5097:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5063:Biblical canon
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5017:
5015:
4996:
4992:Late antiquity
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4939:Pope Clement I
4929:Church Fathers
4926:
4920:
4918:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4785:
4783:
4768:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4690:Biblical canon
4685:Catholic Bible
4682:
4681:
4680:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4635:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4615:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4592:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4567:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4535:
4523:
4520:Roman Question
4517:
4511:
4510:(c. 1640–1740)
4505:
4502:Baroque Papacy
4499:
4493:
4486:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4471:Western Schism
4468:
4465:Avignon Papacy
4462:
4461:
4460:
4454:
4448:
4439:
4433:
4426:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4411:Crescentii era
4408:
4400:
4394:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4367:
4365:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4217:Alexander VIII
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
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3637:
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3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3600:Anastasius III
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
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3507:
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3497:
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3411:
3406:
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3326:
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3306:
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3206:
3201:
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3191:
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3170:
3165:
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3145:
3140:
3135:
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3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
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3075:
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3065:
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3055:
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3015:
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2894:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2836:
2835:External links
2833:
2832:
2831:
2825:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2783:
2770:
2761:
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2743:
2734:
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2693:978-0813215273
2692:
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2602:
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2587:
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2498:
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2476:
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2453:
2451:
2450:
2437:
2413:
2392:
2388:Broderick 1987
2380:
2368:
2351:
2339:
2327:
2325:, p. 191.
2315:
2313:, p. 266.
2300:
2288:
2276:
2264:
2260:Riccoboni 2000
2249:
2237:
2225:
2223:, p. 323.
2221:Rosenwein 2018
2213:
2201:
2189:
2187:, p. 320.
2177:
2165:
2150:
2138:
2126:
2107:
2105:, p. 318.
2095:
2076:
2074:, p. 127.
2064:
2052:
2040:
2038:, p. 157.
2028:
2016:
2014:, p. 141.
2004:
2000:Creighton 2012
1989:
1987:, p. 311.
1977:
1975:, p. 241.
1965:
1953:
1941:
1939:, p. xxi.
1929:
1925:Creighton 2012
1917:
1905:
1903:, p. 306.
1893:
1881:
1879:, p. 227.
1869:
1844:
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1839:
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1810:Teutonic Order
1800:
1783:
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1721:
1709:
1694:
1682:
1670:
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1613:Teutonic Order
1603:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1543:
1531:
1519:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1460:
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1372:County of Foix
1362:
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1170:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1124:
1121:
1052:
1049:
1022:
1019:
1015:Avignon Papacy
996:excommunicated
949:
946:
927:
924:
916:Pierre d'Ailly
908:church council
869:Johan Huizinga
864:
861:
795:
792:
753:Avignon Papacy
749:Pope Clement V
743:surrounded by
736:
733:
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729:
710:
708:
695:
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451:
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437:
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429:
422:
414:
407:
404:
290:Schism of 1378
278:Western Schism
272:
271:
265:
261:
260:
257:
253:
252:
251:
250:
243:
234:
230:
229:
224:
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206:
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180:Western Schism
157:
156:
152:
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144:
133:
111:
108:
96:adding a topic
91:
80:
77:
58:
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26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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10591:Gregory XVIII
10589:
10587:
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10511:Benedict XIII
10509:
10507:
10504:
10503:
10501:
10499:
10495:
10492:
10490:
10484:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10467:Callixtus III
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10448:
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10443:
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10438:
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9886:
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9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9844:Scholasticism
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
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9807:
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9709:
9707:
9706:Rise of Islam
9704:
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9697:
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9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
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9682:
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9677:
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9647:
9642:
9640:
9635:
9633:
9628:
9627:
9624:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9606:Protestantism
9604:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
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9507:
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9497:
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9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9479:Azusa Revival
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9459:Laestadianism
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9411:
9409:
9407:
9403:
9397:
9396:Old Lutherans
9393:
9390:
9386:
9383:
9382:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9349:
9346:
9345:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9330:
9328:
9326:
9322:
9312:
9311:
9307:
9305:
9304:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9259:
9257:
9255:
9251:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9239:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9194:
9192:
9190:
9186:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9116:
9114:
9112:
9108:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9086:
9082:
9080:
9077:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9062:Diet of Worms
9060:
9058:
9057:
9053:
9052:
9051:
9048:
9047:
9045:
9043:
9039:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8996:
8993:
8992:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8967:
8965:
8963:
8962:Protestantism
8957:
8953:
8945:
8942:
8941:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8908:
8905:
8904:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8782:
8781:
8778:
8772:
8769:
8768:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8748:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8728:
8726:
8724:
8720:
8714:
8713:North America
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8643:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8613:
8611:
8609:
8603:
8597:
8594:
8590:
8587:
8586:
8585:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8513:
8510:
8509:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8489:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8452:
8451:
8448:
8447:
8445:
8443:
8439:
8433:
8430:
8426:
8422:
8419:
8418:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8376:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8353:
8350:
8349:
8348:
8345:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8334:
8330:
8324:
8323:Early African
8321:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8306:Justin Martyr
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8283:
8282:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8227:
8226:
8223:
8222:
8220:
8218:
8212:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8180:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8128:
8127:
8126:Life of Jesus
8124:
8122:
8119:
8118:
8116:
8114:Apostolic Age
8110:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8005:
8003:
7999:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7984:
7981:
7977:
7970:
7965:
7963:
7958:
7956:
7951:
7950:
7947:
7935:
7927:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7914:
7911:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7889:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7865:Home Missions
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7847:
7845:
7843:
7839:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7764:
7761:
7760:
7759:
7758:Saint Francis
7756:
7752:
7749:
7748:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7741:Saint Dominic
7739:
7738:
7737:
7734:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7710:
7707:
7706:
7704:
7702:
7696:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7554:Bethlehemites
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7522:
7518:
7513:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7498:
7496:
7495:
7491:
7489:
7488:
7484:
7481:
7477:
7476:Vatican Radio
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7462:
7461:Vatican Media
7459:
7457:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7449:
7445:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7394:
7391:
7390:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7355:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7322:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7298:
7292:
7289:
7288:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7251:
7249:
7245:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7104:
7100:
7096:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7074:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7061:
7058:
7057:
7056:
7053:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7040:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7008:
7005:
7004:
7003:
7000:
6997:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6989:
6985:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6912:
6909:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6896:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6882:
6878:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6829:
6825:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6807:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6799:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6758:List of popes
6754:
6750:
6747:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6732:
6728:
6721:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6659:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6650:
6646:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6625:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6571:
6561:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6542:Mother of God
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6506:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6455:
6451:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6427:People of God
6425:
6423:
6422:
6418:
6416:
6415:Infallibility
6413:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6379:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6370:
6364:
6361:
6357:
6356:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6291:Body and soul
6289:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6265:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6249:
6244:
6240:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6194:Enlightenment
6192:
6190:
6187:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6166:
6165:Protestantism
6163:
6162:
6160:
6158:
6154:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6142:Scholasticism
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6127:Schism (1378)
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6112:Schism (1054)
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6086:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6007:
6006:
6003:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5989:
5986:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5931:
5927:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5895:
5888:
5883:
5881:
5876:
5874:
5869:
5868:
5865:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5841:
5831:
5830:
5827:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5727:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5693:Mother Teresa
5691:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5619:Pope Pius XII
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5585:Rerum novarum
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5569:Pope Leo XIII
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5539:United States
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5529:Pope Pius VII
5527:
5526:
5524:
5520:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5344:
5339:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5212:Scholasticism
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5187:Pope Urban II
5185:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5004:
5000:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4963:Justin Martyr
4961:
4957:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4912:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4873:New Testament
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4836:Commissioning
4834:
4833:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:Apostolic Age
4776:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4667:
4666:Papal primacy
4664:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4613:
4608:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4479:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4421:High and Late
4419:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4237:Benedict XIII
4235:
4233:
4232:Innocent XIII
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4197:Alexander VII
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4066:Innocent VIII
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4046:Callixtus III
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:Boniface VIII
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3865:Celestine III
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3840:Alexander III
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3830:Anastasius IV
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3730:Sylvester III
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3715:Benedict VIII
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3239:Anastasius II
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2955:Pope emeritus
2953:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2913:List of popes
2911:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2880:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2839:
2828:
2826:9780802829412
2822:
2818:
2817:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2588:9780061855887
2584:
2580:
2579:HarperCollins
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2458:
2447:
2441:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2410:
2402:
2399:Noël Valois,
2396:
2390:, p. 14.
2389:
2384:
2378:, p. 89.
2377:
2372:
2364:
2361:
2355:
2349:, p. 21.
2348:
2343:
2337:, p. 81.
2336:
2331:
2324:
2319:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2297:
2292:
2285:
2284:González 2010
2280:
2274:, p. 61.
2273:
2272:Kneupper 2016
2268:
2262:, p. 61.
2261:
2256:
2254:
2247:, p. 23.
2246:
2241:
2234:
2233:Bellitto 2002
2229:
2222:
2217:
2211:, p. 59.
2210:
2205:
2198:
2193:
2186:
2181:
2174:
2169:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2130:
2124:, p. 50.
2123:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2104:
2099:
2093:, p. 49.
2092:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2068:
2062:, p. 14.
2061:
2060:Huizinga 1924
2056:
2050:, p. 85.
2049:
2044:
2037:
2032:
2026:, p. 87.
2025:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2002:, p. 68.
2001:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1963:, p. 13.
1962:
1957:
1951:, p. 23.
1950:
1945:
1938:
1933:
1927:, p. 50.
1926:
1921:
1914:
1909:
1902:
1897:
1890:
1885:
1878:
1873:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1830:
1826:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1784:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1760:
1758:
1748:
1745:
1735:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1710:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1671:
1668:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1641:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1496:
1494:
1484:
1481:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1387:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1363:
1360:
1350:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1313:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1193:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1142:Avignon popes
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1062:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
1000:Pope Martin V
997:
993:
992:Benedict XIII
989:
984:
982:
981:
976:
972:
968:
960:
959:
958:Habemus Papam
954:
945:
943:
939:
934:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
902:
898:
897:Benedict XIII
894:
888:
886:
882:
878:
872:
870:
860:
858:
854:
850:
849:Owain Glyndŵr
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
817:
814:. Meeting at
813:
805:
800:
791:
789:
788:Pope Urban VI
785:
781:
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
726:
717:
713:
709:
706:
702:
701:
685:
679:
677:
670:
669:
603:
587:
576:
567:
558:
549:
540:
525:
524:Benedict XIII
516:
501:
488:
474:
473:Clement VII's
459:
444:
435:
430:
428:
423:
421:
416:
415:
412:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
381:Pope Martin V
378:
377:Benedict XIII
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
248:
244:
241:
237:
236:
235:
231:
228:
225:
221:
217:
213:
207:
203:
196:
191:
188:
183:
174:
170:
169:
168:Infobox event
165:
149:
145:
142:
134:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
102:
101:main category
98:
97:
92:
89:
85:
81:
79:
78:
72:
66:
64:
59:You can help
55:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
10618:Gregory XVII
10581:Gregory XVII
10521:Benedict XIV
10516:Clement VIII
10488:
10472:Innocent III
10447:Anacletus II
10442:Celestine II
10437:Gregory VIII
10432:Sylvester IV
10392:Boniface VII
10005:Architecture
9977:Great Famine
9967:Universities
9936:
9907:Hussite Wars
9824:Great Schism
9711:Papal States
9522:Charismatics
9505:
9484:Gospel music
9414:Camp meeting
9406:1789–present
9338:Missionaries
9308:
9301:
9292:Menno Simons
9236:
9232:Church music
9083:
9054:
8939:Conciliarism
8924:Papal Schism
8923:
8766:Scandinavian
8658:Great Schism
8636:Nestorianism
8608:Christianity
8540:priest holes
8421:Chalcedonian
8384:Christianity
8338:Great Church
8146:Resurrection
7904:Universities
7736:Third orders
7699:Associations
7689:Visitandines
7684:Trinitarians
7634:Mercedarians
7619:Hieronymites
7564:Camaldoleses
7549:Benedictines
7539:Augustinians
7499:
7492:
7485:
7466:Vatican News
7420:Distinctions
7226:Syro-Malabar
7111:Latin Church
7033:Grand master
6931:Metropolitan
6828:Vatican City
6723:Organisation
6602:Philosophers
6467:Confirmation
6444:In canon law
6438:Subsistit in
6436:
6432:Three states
6419:
6380:
6373:Ecclesiology
6355:Nova Vulgata
6353:
6311:Original sin
6306:Nicene Creed
6296:Divine grace
6255:
6137:Universities
6126:
6107:Papal States
6034:Great Church
5976:Resurrection
5953:Early Church
5807:
5803:Pope Francis
5729:21st century
5678:Pope Paul VI
5655:
5643:
5596:20th century
5583:
5534:Pope Pius IX
5522:19th century
5498:Pope Pius VI
5365:
5294:
5237:Latin Empire
5207:Universities
5159:Pope Leo III
5026:Christianity
5011:state church
5003:Great Church
4804:Resurrection
4767:(30–325/476)
4764:Early Church
4749:Latin Church
4744:Papal States
4739:Vatican City
4574:
4562:
4532:World War II
4526:Vatican City
4470:
4402:
4373:(until 493)
4337:Benedict XVI
4332:John Paul II
4252:Clement XIII
4247:Benedict XIV
4222:Innocent XII
4156:Clement VIII
4131:Gregory XIII
4111:Marcellus II
4071:Alexander VI
4021:Innocent VII
3986:Benedict XII
3941:Nicholas III
3906:Alexander IV
3896:Celestine IV
3886:Honorius III
3870:Innocent III
3855:Gregory VIII
3815:Celestine II
3800:Callixtus II
3770:Alexander II
3695:Sylvester II
3675:Benedict VII
3635:Stephen VIII
3520:Benedict III
3374:Adeodatus II
3319:Boniface III
3173:Anastasius I
2815:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2774:
2765:
2756:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2720:
2711:
2702:
2683:
2671:
2662:
2656:. Routledge.
2653:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2597:
2574:
2561:
2553:. Routledge.
2550:
2541:
2531:
2511:
2502:
2493:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2445:
2440:
2429:. Retrieved
2425:
2416:
2400:
2395:
2383:
2371:
2362:
2354:
2347:Coriden 2004
2342:
2335:O'Brien 2015
2330:
2318:
2291:
2279:
2267:
2245:McGuire 2006
2240:
2228:
2216:
2204:
2192:
2180:
2168:
2141:
2136:, p. 7.
2129:
2098:
2067:
2055:
2048:Swanson 2021
2043:
2031:
2019:
2012:Trexler 1974
2007:
1980:
1968:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1920:
1908:
1896:
1884:
1872:
1861:. Retrieved
1857:
1848:
1829:
1422:Papal States
1346:Welsh rebels
1191:(until 1409)
1174:
1169:(from 1409)
1164:
1152:
1140:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1091:
1084:
1082:
1070:Alexander VI
1066:
1041:
1037:Pope Pius II
1034:
1026:Conciliarism
1024:
1011:Clement VIII
1004:
985:
978:
964:
956:
929:
905:
901:Innocent VII
890:
874:
866:
863:Consequences
809:
775:
773:
738:
720:
716:adding to it
711:
557:Innocent VII
388:Great Schism
387:
385:
369:renunciation
338:
316:residing in
294:Great Schism
293:
289:
285:
282:Papal Schism
281:
277:
275:
185:Part of the
166:
123:edit summary
114:
94:
68:
60:
10539:Alexander V
10506:Clement VII
10462:Paschal III
10417:Clement III
10412:Honorius II
10387:Christopher
10234:WikiProject
10161:Medievalism
10000:Agriculture
9864:Manorialism
9859:Communalism
9854:Monasticism
9771:Reconquista
9761:Kievan Rus'
9611:Catholicism
9548:Protestants
9542:Evangelical
9217:39 Articles
9212:Elizabethan
9189:Anglicanism
9169:Westminster
9079:Melanchthon
9042:Lutheranism
9007:Nicodemites
8985:Arminianism
8956:Reformation
8897:Bonaventure
8872:Inquisition
8867:Waldensians
8817:Investiture
8795:Kievan Rus'
8751:Anglo-Saxon
8731:Pelagianism
8723:Middle Ages
8646:Iconodulism
8521:Thomas More
8442:Catholicism
8364:Monasticism
8347:Constantine
8272:Persecution
8230:Adoptionism
8215:Ante-Nicene
8158:Holy Spirit
8141:Crucifixion
8112:Origins and
8013:2nd and 3rd
7894:Health care
7880:Pax Christi
7832:Schoenstatt
7797:Sant'Egidio
7629:Legionaries
7609:Franciscans
7584:Cistercians
7579:Carthusians
7534:Annonciades
7393:Altarpieces
7286:West Syriac
7281:East Syriac
7261:Alexandrian
6885:Holy orders
6866:Swiss Guard
6806:Dicasteries
6801:Roman Curia
6699:Evangelists
6657:Holy Family
6592:Personalism
6582:Natural law
6560:Josephology
6494:Holy orders
6132:Inquisition
6089:Middle Ages
6079:Monasticism
6047:Constantine
5971:Crucifixion
5809:Laudato si'
5604:Pope Pius X
5433:Philip Neri
5408:Pope Pius V
5383:Thomas More
5252:Inquisition
5154:Charlemagne
5114:Monasticism
4924:Persecution
4816:Holy Spirit
4799:Crucifixion
4678:First seven
4540:(1945–1991)
4534:(1939–1945)
4522:(1870–1929)
4516:(1775–1848)
4504:(1585–1689)
4498:(1534–1585)
4492:(1417–1534)
4473:(1378–1417)
4467:(1309–1378)
4459:, 1228–1304
4453:, 1262–1297
4447:, 1257–1281
4438:(1048–1257)
4423:Middle Ages
4363:Middle Ages
4327:John Paul I
4302:Benedict XV
4282:Gregory XVI
4257:Clement XIV
4242:Clement XII
4212:Innocent XI
4151:Innocent IX
4146:Gregory XIV
4096:Clement VII
4026:Gregory XII
4016:Boniface IX
3996:Innocent VI
3971:Benedict XI
3961:Celestine V
3956:Nicholas IV
3951:Honorius IV
3901:Innocent IV
3860:Clement III
3810:Innocent II
3805:Honorius II
3795:Gelasius II
3775:Gregory VII
3765:Nicholas II
3725:Benedict IX
3670:Benedict VI
3645:Agapetus II
3620:Stephen VII
3595:Sergius III
3585:Benedict IV
3575:Theodore II
3560:Boniface VI
3459:Stephen III
3439:Gregory III
3429:Constantine
3394:Benedict II
3329:Adeodatus I
3324:Boniface IV
3304:Pelagius II
3264:Boniface II
3204:Celestine I
3143:Sylvester I
3128:Marcellus I
3123:Marcellinus
3058:Callixtus I
3043:Eleutherius
3018:Telesphorus
3008:Alexander I
2930:Papal names
2775:Io Catarina
2405:(in French)
2376:Oakley 2008
2134:Linder 2008
1949:Atwood 2001
1669:(from 1409)
1175:Supporters:
1166:Pisan popes
1154:Roman popes
1061:St. Peter's
1030:Jean Gerson
988:Jean Gerson
980:Haec sancta
975:Gregory XII
938:Alexander V
926:Three popes
893:Boniface IX
757:Christendom
586:Alexander V
566:Gregory XII
548:Boniface IX
515:Clement VII
396:See of Rome
373:Gregory XII
363:called the
353:Clement VII
308:within the
162:‹ The
10695:Categories
10646:Michael II
10613:Clement XV
10566:Modern era
10544:John XXIII
10477:Nicholas V
10407:Benedict X
10402:Gregory VI
10336:Laurentius
10295:Hippolytus
10156:Land terms
10110:Technology
10090:Philosophy
10070:Literature
10035:Demography
9736:Viking Age
9333:Revivalism
9254:Anabaptism
9202:Henry VIII
9027:Literature
8651:Iconoclasm
8631:Chrysostom
8584:Vatican II
8550:Jansenists
8536:Mass rocks
8472:Lateran IV
8391:Athanasius
8311:Tertullian
8255:Marcionism
8250:Gnosticism
8203:Revelation
8121:Background
7649:Oratorians
7604:Dominicans
7574:Carmelites
7569:Camillians
7517:institutes
7330:Tridentine
7266:Antiochian
7186:Macedonian
7131:Belarusian
7021:Provincial
6936:Archbishop
6856:Roman Rota
6818:Properties
6743:By country
6739:Precedence
6704:Confessors
6684:Archangels
6674:Patriarchs
6574:Philosophy
6552:Veneration
6517:Assumption
6487:Last rites
6454:Sacraments
6398:Four marks
6209:Vatican II
6157:Modern era
5993:Succession
5682:coronation
5388:Pope Leo X
4973:Tertullian
4903:Revelation
4878:Background
4483:Modern Era
4413:(974–1012)
4317:John XXIII
4227:Clement XI
4202:Clement IX
4192:Innocent X
4187:Urban VIII
4182:Gregory XV
4106:Julius III
4041:Nicholas V
4006:Gregory XI
3991:Clement VI
3926:Innocent V
3916:Clement IV
3891:Gregory IX
3845:Lucius III
3825:Eugene III
3790:Paschal II
3780:Victor III
3760:Stephen IX
3745:Damasus II
3740:Clement II
3735:Gregory VI
3710:Sergius IV
3705:John XVIII
3655:Benedict V
3640:Marinus II
3565:Stephen VI
3545:Adrian III
3525:Nicholas I
3510:Sergius II
3505:Gregory IV
3485:Stephen IV
3449:Stephen II
3434:Gregory II
3354:Theodore I
3339:Honorius I
3334:Boniface V
3299:Benedict I
3289:Pelagius I
3274:Agapetus I
3234:Gelasius I
3224:Simplicius
3209:Sixtus III
3199:Boniface I
3189:Innocent I
3053:Zephyrinus
2967:Pope-elect
2943:non-extant
2521:0809142562
2431:2024-07-22
2311:Fleck 2016
2197:Logan 2002
2185:Logan 2002
2173:Logan 2002
2161:Logan 2002
2146:Stump 2009
2103:Logan 2002
2036:Walsh 2011
2024:Scott 1993
1973:Fleck 2009
1901:Logan 2002
1877:Kelly 1986
1863:2024-07-22
1841:References
971:John XXIII
942:John XXIII
765:Gregory XI
602:John XXIII
458:Gregory XI
349:Urban VI's
10641:Pius XIII
10636:Michael I
10596:Peter III
10574:Palmarian
10422:Theodoric
10377:John VIII
10341:Dioscorus
10315:Ursicinus
10305:Heraclius
10276:Antipopes
10141:Dark Ages
10050:Household
10045:Hastilude
9814:Feudalism
9499:Ecumenism
9449:Adventism
9439:Mormonism
9375:Millerism
9370:Methodism
9325:1640–1789
9227:Civil War
9174:Orthodoxy
9129:Huguenots
9111:Calvinism
9096:Eucharist
9091:Orthodoxy
8975:Eucharist
8907:Five Ways
8857:Dulcinian
8810:Pomerania
8736:Gregory I
8580:Vatican I
8570:Modernism
8555:Molinists
8545:Guadalupe
8416:Chalcedon
8411:Ephesus I
8401:Augustine
8277:Apostolic
8260:Montanism
8225:Diversity
8001:Centuries
7890:See also:
7842:Charities
7751:Discalced
7679:Trappists
7674:Theatines
7644:Olivetans
7589:Clarisses
7559:Blue nuns
7544:Basilians
7521:societies
7429:See also:
7315:Mozarabic
7305:Ambrosian
7291:Malankara
7276:Byzantine
7236:Ukrainian
7211:Ruthenian
7176:Hungarian
7161:Ethiopian
7136:Bulgarian
7103:sui iuris
7087:Postulant
6996:Religious
6951:Auxiliary
6946:Coadjutor
6916:Patriarch
6784:Cardinals
6731:Canon law
6727:Hierarchy
6709:Disciples
6632:Relations
6620:Evolution
6611:See also:
6556:See also:
6509:Mariology
6499:Matrimony
6472:Eucharist
6393:Ecumenism
6321:Salvation
6257:Catechism
6252:Tradition
6214:Communism
6062:Chalcedon
5698:Communism
5668:Ecumenism
5014:(380–451)
5006:(180–451)
4995:(313–476)
4917:(100–325)
4407:(904–964)
4399:(756–857)
4393:(537–752)
4387:(493–537)
4379:(312–337)
4277:Pius VIII
4207:Clement X
4141:Urban VII
4091:Adrian VI
4081:Julius II
4061:Sixtus IV
4036:Eugene IV
3981:John XXII
3976:Clement V
3946:Martin IV
3921:Gregory X
3850:Urban III
3835:Adrian IV
3820:Lucius II
3755:Victor II
3700:John XVII
3690:Gregory V
3665:John XIII
3550:Stephen V
3540:Marinus I
3535:John VIII
3530:Adrian II
3500:Valentine
3495:Eugene II
3490:Paschal I
3424:Sisinnius
3409:Sergius I
3344:Severinus
3309:Gregory I
3279:Silverius
3249:Hormisdas
3244:Symmachus
3229:Felix III
3163:Damasus I
3138:Miltiades
3113:Eutychian
3103:Dionysius
3098:Sixtus II
3093:Stephen I
3083:Cornelius
3003:Evaristus
2998:Clement I
2993:Anacletus
2923:canonised
2918:graphical
2323:Orji 2021
1985:Keen 2010
1021:Aftermath
965:In 1414,
912:canon law
881:oriflamme
853:rebellion
794:Two popes
780:cardinals
723:June 2024
304:), was a
292:, or the
171:is being
141:talk page
93:Consider
65:in French
10668:Category
10586:Peter II
10427:Adalbert
10397:John XVI
10346:Theodore
10320:Eulalius
10310:Felix II
10300:Novatian
10290:Natalius
10224:Category
10191:Timeline
10080:Minstrel
10075:Medicine
9957:Chivalry
9912:Burgundy
9834:Crusades
9591:Theology
9579:Missions
9574:Timeline
9546:Mainline
9494:Pacifism
9343:Baptists
9262:Theology
9222:Puritans
9197:Timeline
9139:Scotland
9067:Theology
8914:Wycliffe
8862:Crusades
8837:Bogomils
8790:Bulgaria
8746:Germanic
8698:Ethiopia
8596:Timeline
8374:Nicaea I
8369:Councils
8301:Irenaeus
8296:Ignatius
8291:Polycarp
8245:Donatism
8240:Docetism
8235:Arianism
8136:Ministry
7934:Category
7827:Opus Dei
7812:Scouting
7802:Focolare
7669:Servites
7654:Piarists
7599:Crosiers
7335:Anglican
7271:Armenian
7201:Romanian
7191:Maronite
7166:Georgian
7156:Eritrean
7141:Chaldean
7126:Armenian
7121:Albanian
7002:Superior
6961:Emeritus
6941:Diocesan
6794:Advisers
6753:Holy See
6679:Prophets
6637:Politics
6408:Catholic
6388:Councils
6243:Theology
6122:Crusades
6057:Nicaea I
5988:Apostles
5966:Ministry
5935:Timeline
5915:Glossary
5708:HIV/AIDS
5202:Crusades
4956:Irenaeus
4949:Ignatius
4944:Polycarp
4794:Ministry
4782:(30–100)
4656:Timeline
4564:Category
4538:Cold War
4312:Pius XII
4292:Leo XIII
4267:Pius VII
4136:Sixtus V
4101:Paul III
4076:Pius III
4031:Martin V
4011:Urban VI
3936:John XXI
3931:Adrian V
3911:Urban IV
3785:Urban II
3720:John XIX
3680:John XIV
3660:Leo VIII
3650:John XII
3555:Formosus
3464:Adrian I
3419:John VII
3369:Vitalian
3364:Eugene I
3359:Martin I
3314:Sabinian
3294:John III
3284:Vigilius
3259:Felix IV
3219:Hilarius
3168:Siricius
3158:Liberius
3153:Julius I
3133:Eusebius
3088:Lucius I
3048:Victor I
3033:Anicetus
3013:Sixtus I
2950:Antipope
2808:. Brill.
2741:. Brill.
2665:. Brill.
2573:(2010).
2505:. Brill.
885:Flemings
845:Scotland
575:Martin V
539:Urban VI
406:Timeline
215:Location
175:. ›
164:template
117:provide
10557:Felix V
10498:Avignon
10351:Paschal
10134:Related
10120:Warfare
10115:Theatre
10105:Slavery
10100:Science
10055:Hunting
10020:Cuisine
9993:Culture
9932:Castile
9927:England
9584:Martyrs
9380:Pietism
9310:Ausbund
9282:Müntzer
9207:Cranmer
9154:Baptism
9119:Zwingli
8970:Erasmus
8919:Avignon
8902:Aquinas
8892:Francis
8887:Dominic
8847:Cathars
8842:Bosnian
8832:Bernard
8827:Abelard
8800:Moravia
8785:Bohemia
8771:Iceland
8693:Serbian
8673:Georgia
8668:Armenia
8606:Eastern
8507:Jesuits
8183:Gospels
8131:Baptism
7899:Schools
7855:Caritas
7763:Secular
7729:Workers
7624:Jesuits
7410:Museums
7405:Library
7383:Writers
7378:Artists
7358:Culture
7325:Paul VI
7206:Russian
7196:Melkite
7038:Brother
7016:General
6956:Titular
6926:Primate
6904:Eparchy
6894:Diocese
6841:Outline
6780:College
6770:Francis
6714:Virgins
6689:Martyrs
6615:Science
6522:History
6477:Penance
6462:Baptism
6363:Worship
6336:Vulgate
6284:Kingdom
6279:Trinity
6267:General
6022:Primacy
5930:History
5910:Outline
5673:Judaism
5073:Vulgate
4883:Gospels
4858:Stephen
4775:Origins
4695:Vulgate
4631:General
4621:of the
4619:History
4457:Perugia
4451:Orvieto
4445:Viterbo
4342:Francis
4322:Paul VI
4307:Pius XI
4287:Pius IX
4272:Leo XII
4262:Pius VI
4121:Pius IV
4116:Paul IV
4056:Paul II
4051:Pius II
4001:Urban V
3685:John XV
3630:Leo VII
3625:John XI
3580:John IX
3570:Romanus
3469:Leo III
3444:Zachary
3414:John VI
3349:John IV
3269:John II
3194:Zosimus
3108:Felix I
3073:Anterus
3068:Pontian
3063:Urban I
3023:Hyginus
2900:of the
2455:Sources
1474:Emperor
1399:of the
1132:Papacy
841:Navarre
833:Castile
741:enclave
735:History
676:Avignon
322:Avignon
314:bishops
264:Outcome
249:in 1409
242:in 1378
139:to the
121:in the
67:.
10361:Philip
10214:Portal
10095:Poetry
9922:France
9272:Grebel
9124:Calvin
9050:Luther
8944:Synods
8822:Anselm
8805:Poland
8761:Gothic
8756:Franks
8741:Celtic
8708:Russia
8688:Syriac
8678:Greece
8565:Teresa
8512:Xavier
8450:Papacy
8396:Jerome
8316:Origen
8217:period
7992:Spread
7777:Fimcap
7719:Marian
7639:Minims
7371:Marian
7221:Syriac
7216:Slovak
7146:Coptic
7082:Oblate
7077:Master
7072:Novice
7067:Hermit
7055:Sister
7011:Abbess
6978:Deacon
6973:Priest
6968:Parish
6911:Bishop
6881:Polity
6667:Joseph
6649:Saints
6316:Saints
6204:Nazism
5639:Nazism
5461:to the
5068:Jerome
4978:Origen
4661:Papacy
4297:Pius X
4177:Paul V
4172:Leo XI
4126:Pius V
3750:Leo IX
3615:Leo VI
3610:John X
3515:Leo IV
3454:Paul I
3399:John V
3389:Leo II
3384:Agatho
3254:John I
3078:Fabian
3028:Pius I
2938:extant
2934:Tombs
2823:
2690:
2585:
2518:
2409:p. 196
1076:, and
877:Bruges
837:Aragon
812:Anagni
751:, the
745:France
689:= Pisa
687:
683:= Rome
681:
672:
288:, the
284:, the
256:Motive
218:Europe
10125:Women
10085:Music
10040:Domes
10030:Dance
9917:Milan
9506:solae
9504:Five
9297:Smyth
9149:TULIP
9072:Bible
8780:Slavs
8683:Egypt
8641:Icons
8492:Trent
8482:Leo X
8379:Creed
7875:CIDSE
7724:Youth
7448:Media
7415:Music
7340:Zaire
7320:Roman
7310:Braga
7300:Latin
7171:Greek
7043:Friar
7007:Abbot
6921:Major
6836:Index
6735:Laity
6301:Dogma
6248:Bible
6224:Islam
6180:Trent
5961:Jesus
5943:Legal
5905:Index
5741:Islam
5009:Roman
4968:Canon
4841:Peter
4789:Jesus
4086:Leo X
3605:Lando
3590:Leo V
3404:Conon
3379:Donus
3214:Leo I
3118:Caius
3038:Soter
2988:Linus
2983:Peter
2898:Popes
1821:Notes
1792:some
1637:Ghent
857:Wales
816:Fondi
786:, as
761:curia
330:Pisan
306:split
298:Latin
233:Cause
84:DeepL
10531:Pisa
9556:left
9554:and
9544:and
9394:and
9392:Neo-
9159:Dort
9144:Knox
8990:Wars
8582:and
8538:and
8531:Wars
8188:Acts
8103:21st
8098:20th
8093:19th
8088:18th
8083:17th
8078:16th
8073:15th
8068:14th
8063:13th
8058:12th
8053:11th
8048:10th
7400:Folk
7048:Monk
6789:List
6767:Pope
6662:Mary
5791:2023
5786:2019
5781:2016
5776:2013
5771:2011
5766:2008
5761:2005
5756:2002
5751:2000
5718:1995
4888:Acts
4851:Paul
4846:John
4821:Mary
3148:Mark
2821:ISBN
2688:ISBN
2609:Time
2583:ISBN
2516:ISBN
2363:Time
1078:VIII
769:Rome
662:1416
656:1411
650:1406
644:1401
638:1396
632:1391
626:1386
620:1381
614:1376
326:pope
320:and
318:Rome
276:The
223:Type
205:Date
115:must
113:You
10010:Art
9101:Art
8959:and
8934:Hus
8497:Art
8043:9th
8038:8th
8033:7th
8028:6th
8023:5th
8018:4th
8008:1st
7714:Lay
7366:Art
7060:Nun
6782:of
6274:God
4777:and
4727:Art
2555:266
1796:of
1074:VII
855:in
851:'s
718:.
336:.
86:or
10697::
8423:/
8279:/
7519:,
7009:,
2494:25
2492:.
2424:.
2411:.
2403:,
2303:^
2252:^
2153:^
2110:^
2079:^
1992:^
1856:.
1072:,
1017:.
839:,
835:,
790:.
674:=
402:.
300::
10268:e
10261:t
10254:v
9645:e
9638:t
9631:v
8340:)
8336:(
7968:e
7961:t
7954:v
7514:,
6998::
6887:)
6883:(
6760:)
6756:(
5886:e
5879:t
5872:v
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5680:(
4611:e
4604:t
4597:v
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2883:t
2876:v
2829:.
2696:.
2591:.
2524:.
2434:.
1866:.
1476:,
871::
725:)
721:(
660:│
654:│
648:│
642:│
636:│
630:│
624:│
618:│
612:│
590:→
495:↓
483:↓
468:↱
453:↓
433:e
426:t
419:v
296:(
150:.
143:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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