Paris Agreement - Knowledge

772: 888:(ITMOs). The agreement recognizes the rights of parties to use emissions reductions outside of their own borders toward their NDC, in a system of carbon accounting and trading. This provision requires the "linkage" of carbon emissions trading systems – because measured emissions reductions must avoid "double counting", transferred mitigation outcomes must be recorded as a gain of emission units for one party and a reduction of emission units for the other, a so called "corresponding adjustment". Because the NDCs, and domestic carbon trading schemes, are heterogeneous, the ITMOs will provide a format for global linkage under the auspices of the UNFCCC. The provision thus also creates a pressure for countries to adopt emissions management systems – if a country wants to use more cost-effective cooperative approaches to achieve their NDCs, they will have to monitor carbon units for their economies. 588: 546: 1323:, established two years earlier during COP19 and set to expire in 2016, categorizes loss and damage as a subset of adaptation, which was unpopular with many countries. It is recognized as a separate pillar of the Paris Agreement. The United States argued against this, possibly worried that classifying the issue as separate from adaptation would create yet another climate finance provision. In the end, the agreement calls for "averting, minimizing, and addressing loss and damage" but specifies that it cannot be used as the basis for liability. The agreement adopts the Warsaw Mechanism, an institution that will attempt to address questions about how to classify, address, and share responsibility for loss. 401: 1244: 1205:

requirements of the agreement, and are on track to achieve a 4°C warming of the planet if current policies are implemented more widely. Of the world's countries, only the Gambia's emissions are at the level required by the Paris Agreement. Models predicted that if the necessary measures were not implemented by autumn 2021, the global average temperature would rise by 2.9°C. With the implementation of the Paris Agreement pledges, the average temperature would rise by 2.4°C, and with every zero emission target reached, the average temperature would rise by 2.0°C.

1114: 1514: 1556: 5021: 1193: 1502:, a former NASA scientist and leading climate change expert, voiced anger that most of the agreement consists of "promises" or aims and not firm commitments and called the Paris talks a fraud with "no action, just promises". Criticism of the agreement from those arguing against climate action has been diffuse, which may be due to the weakness of the agreement. This type of criticism typically focuses on national sovereignty and ineffectiveness of international action. 1542: 1181: 8793: 7779: 7767: 565:(according to a list produced in 2015) ratify or otherwise join the treaty. Alternative ways to join the treaty are acceptance, approval or accession. The first two are typically used when a head of state is not necessary to bind a country to a treaty, whereas the latter typically happens when a country joins a treaty already in force. After ratification by the European Union, the agreement obtained enough parties to enter into effect on 4 November 2016. 213: 8805: 7803: 7791: 6220: 44: 1528: 5277: 3625: 474: 746:. This structure is especially notable for the United States—because there are no legal mitigation or finance targets, the agreement is considered an "executive agreement rather than a treaty". Because the UNFCCC treaty of 1992 received the consent of the US Senate, this new agreement does not require further legislation. 1379:, which was raised against the Netherlands' government after it had reduced its planned emissions reductions goal for 2030 prior to the Paris Agreement. After an initial ruling against the government in 2015 that required it to maintain its planned reduction, the decision was upheld on appeals through the 1358:

Flexibility can be incorporated into the enhanced transparency framework via the scope, level of detail, or frequency of reporting, tiered based on a country's capacity. The requirement for in-country technical reviews could be lifted for some less developed or small island developing countries. Ways

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it was 2.4–2.6°C and if all countries will fulfill their long-term pledges 1.7–2.1 °C. However, the world remains very far from limiting warming to 1.5 degrees. To meet this benchmark, global emissions must peak by 2025, and although emissions have peaked in some countries, global emissions have not.

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to likely meet the 2°C upper target of the Paris Agreement, that the probabilities of major emitters meeting their NDCs without such an increase is very low. It estimated that with current trends the probability of staying below 2 °C of warming is 5% – and 26% if NDCs were met and continued post-2030

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The stocktake works as part of the Paris Agreement's effort to create a "ratcheting up" of ambition in emissions cuts. Because analysts agreed in 2014 that the NDCs would not limit rising temperatures below 2 °C, the global stocktake reconvenes parties to assess how their new NDCs must evolve so

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Both the EU and its member states are individually responsible for ratifying the Paris Agreement. A strong preference was reported that the EU and its 28 member states ratify at the same time to ensure that they do not engage themselves to fulfilling obligations that strictly belong to the other, and

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World leaders have lauded the agreement. However, some environmentalists and analysts have criticized it, saying it is not strict enough. There is debate about the effectiveness of the agreement. While pledges under the Paris Agreement are insufficient for reaching the set temperature goals, there is

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With initial pledges by countries inadequate, faster and more expensive future mitigation would be needed to still reach the targets. Furthermore, there is a gap between pledges by countries in their NDCs and implementation of these pledges; one third of the emission gap between the lowest-costs and

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The effectiveness of the Paris Agreement to reach its climate goals is under debate, with most experts saying it is insufficient for its more ambitious goal of keeping global temperature rise under 1.5°C. Many of the exact provisions of the Paris Agreement have yet to be straightened out, so that it

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The SDM is set to largely resemble the Clean Development Mechanism, with the dual goal of contributing to global GHG emissions reductions and supporting sustainable development. Though the structure and processes governing the SDM are not yet determined, certain similarities and differences from the

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There are barriers to implementing the agreement. Some countries struggle to attract the finance necessary for investments in decarbonization. Climate finance is fragmented, further complicating investments. Another issue is the lack of capabilities in government and other institutions to implement

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While the NDCs themselves are not binding, the procedures surrounding them are. These procedures include the obligation to prepare, communicate and maintain successive NDCs, set a new one every five years, and provide information about the implementation. There is no mechanism to force a country to

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that the United States, the second largest emitter of greenhouse gases after China, intended to withdraw from the Paris Agreement as soon as it was eligible to do so. The notice of withdrawal could not be submitted until the agreement was in force for three years for the US, on 4 November 2019. The

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Negotiations in Paris took place over a two-week span, and continued throughout the three final nights. Various drafts and proposals had been debated and streamlined in the preceding year. According to one commentator two ways in which the French increased the likelihood of success were: firstly to

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to the agreement without signing. It binds parties to not act in contravention of the goal of the treaty. On 1 April 2016, the United States and China, which represent almost 40% of global emissions confirmed they would sign the Paris Climate Agreement. The agreement was signed by 175 parties (174

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reductions for a limited set of countries from 2008 to 2012. The protocol was extended until 2020 with the Doha Amendment in 2012. The United States decided not to ratify the Protocol, mainly because of its legally-binding nature. This, and distributional conflict, led to failures of subsequent

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The parties are legally bound to have their progress tracked by technical expert review to assess achievement toward the NDC and to determine ways to strengthen ambition. Article 13 of the Paris Agreement articulates an "enhanced transparency framework for action and support" that establishes

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and transparency. Some of the pledges in the NDCs are unconditional, but others are conditional on outside factors such as getting finance and technical support, the ambition from other parties or the details of rules of the Paris Agreement that are yet to be set. Most NDCs have a conditional

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The negotiations almost failed because of a single word when the US legal team realized at the last minute that "shall" had been approved, rather than "should", meaning that developed countries would have been legally obliged to cut emissions: the French solved the problem by changing it as a

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In 2015, twenty Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and members of the International Development Finance Club introduced five principles to maintain widespread climate action in their investments: commitment to climate strategies, managing climate risks, promoting climate smart objectives,

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Though both mitigation and adaptation require increased climate financing, adaptation has typically received lower levels of support and has mobilized less action from the private sector. A report by the OECD found that 16% of global climate finance was directed toward climate adaptation in

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In September 2021, the Climate Action Tracker estimated that, with current policies, global emissions will double above the 2030 target level. The gap is 20-23 Gt CO2e. Countries such as Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, and Thailand have been criticised of not doing enough to meet the

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While the enhanced transparency framework is universal, the framework is meant to provide "built-in flexibility" to distinguish between developed and developing countries' capacities. The Paris Agreement has provisions for an enhanced framework for capacity building, recognizes the varying

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received more focus in Paris negotiations than in previous climate treaties. Collective, long-term adaptation goals are included in the agreement, and countries must report on their adaptation actions, making it a parallel component with mitigation. The adaptation goals focus on enhancing

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found that as of 2017 none of the major industrialized nations were implementing the policies they had pledged, and none met their pledged emission reduction targets, and even if they had, the sum of all member pledges (as of 2016) would not keep global temperature rise "well below 2°C".

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figures to the UNFCCC by 2024 and every two years after that. Developed countries submit their first BTR in 2022 and inventories annually from that year. The agreement also develops a Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency to assist developing countries in building the necessary

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The Paris Agreement was open for signature by states and regional economic integration organizations that are parties to the UNFCCC (the convention) from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017 at the UN Headquarters in New York. Signing of the agreement is the first step towards

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In September 2023 the first global stocktake report about the implementation of the agreement was released. According to the report contrarily to expectations, the agreement has a significant effect: while in 2010 the expected temperature rise by 2100 was 3.7–4.8 °C, at

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mechanism allows nations to set their own nationally determined contributions (NDCs), rather than having targets imposed top down. Unlike its predecessor, the Kyoto Protocol, which sets commitment targets that have legal force, the Paris Agreement, with its emphasis on

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said that "Even if we meet every target, we will only get to part of where we need to go." He also stated "this agreement will help delay or avoid some of the worst consequences of climate change will help other nations ratchet down their emissions over time."

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The Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol was criticized for failing to produce either meaningful emissions reductions or sustainable development benefits in most instances. and for its complexity. It is possible that the SDM will see difficulties.

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that parties can take in achieving their nationally determined carbon emissions reductions. In doing so, it helps establish the Paris Agreement as a framework for a global carbon market. Article 6 is the only important part of the agreement yet to be resolved;

512:"typographical error". At the conclusion of COP21 (the 21st meeting of the Conference of the Parties), on 12 December 2015, the final wording of the Paris Agreement was adopted by consensus by the 195 UNFCCC participating member states and the European Union. 485: 6015: 1171:

it was 2.4–2.6°C and if all countries will fulfill their long-term pledges even 1.7–2.1 °C. Despite it, the world is still very far from reaching the aim of the agreement: limiting temperature rise to 1.5 degrees. For doing this, emissions must peak by 2025.

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2013–2014, compared to 77% for mitigation. The Paris Agreement called for a balance of climate finance between adaptation and mitigation, and specifically increasing adaptation support for parties most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including

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The Paris Agreement is a short agreement with 16 introductory paragraphs and 29 articles. It contains procedural articles (covering, for example, the criteria for its entry into force) and operational articles (covering, for example, mitigation,

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that they continually reflect a country's "highest possible ambition". While ratcheting up the ambition of NDCs is a major aim of the global stocktake, it assesses efforts beyond mitigation. The five-year reviews will also evaluate adaptation,

4733: 9477: 478: 3195: 789:(NDCs). Article 3 requires NDCs to be "ambitious efforts" towards "achieving the purpose of this Agreement" and to "represent a progression over time". The contributions should be set every five years and are to be registered by the 742:, allows for voluntary and nationally determined targets. The specific climate goals are thus politically encouraged, rather than legally bound. Only the processes governing the reporting and review of these goals are mandated under 1414:. The court ruled that it must cut its global emissions by 45% from 2019 levels by 2030, as it was in violation of human rights. This lawsuit was considered the first major application of the Paris Agreement towards a corporation. 5191: 1346:

circumstances of countries, and notes that the technical expert review for each country consider that country's specific capacity for reporting. Parties to the agreement send their first Biennial Transparency Report (BTR), and

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The aim of the agreement, as described in Article 2, is to have a stronger response to the danger of climate change; it seeks to enhance the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change through:

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and analysts reacted cautiously, acknowledging the "spirit of Paris" in bringing together countries, but expressing less optimism about the pace of climate mitigation and how much the agreement could do for poorer countries.

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and finance). It is a binding agreement, but many of its articles do not imply obligations or are there to facilitate international collaboration. It covers most greenhouse gas emissions, but does not apply to international

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in a resolution "(A/HRC/50/L.10/Rev.1) on Human rights and climate change, adopted without a vote" called to ratify and implement the agreement and emphasized the link between stopping climate change and the right to food.

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officially recognized that "Climate change threatens the effective enjoyment of a range of human rights including those to life, water and sanitation, food, health, housing, self-determination, culture and development."

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Roelfsema, Mark; van Soest, Heleen L.; Harmsen, Mathijs; van Vuuren, Detlef P.; Bertram, Christoph; den Elzen, Michel; Höhne, Niklas; Iacobuta, Gabriela; Krey, Volker; Kriegler, Elmar; Luderer, Gunnar (29 April 2020).

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signed an executive order on his first day in office, 20 January 2021, to re-admit the United States into the Paris Agreement. Following the 30-day period set by Article 21.3, the U.S. was readmitted to the agreement.

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measures from 2020. The platform had a mandate to be informed by the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC and the work of the subsidiary bodies of the UNFCCC. The resulting agreement was to be adopted in 2015.

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Scenarios of global greenhouse gas emissions. If all countries achieve their current Paris Agreement pledges, average warming by 2100 would still exceed the maximum 2°C target set by the agreement.

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to grow rapidly. Emissions are being reduced rapidly in the electricity sector, but not in the building, transport and heating sector. Some industries are difficult to decarbonize, and for those

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in 2018 was seen as an example for the global stocktake. After a year of discussion, a report was published and there was a call for action, but countries did not increase ambition afterwards.

10472: 9125: 8857: 5834:(Report). Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and Centre for Climate Change, Economics and Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science. p. 24. 5752: 4277: 9117: 4756:"Implementation of General Assembly resolution 73/333, entitled "Follow-up to the report of the ad hoc open-ended working group established pursuant to General Assembly resolution 72/277"" 2241: 1391:°C temperature target of the Paris Agreement provided part of the judgement's legal basis. The agreement, whose goals are enshrined in German law, also formed part of the argumentation in 10392: 5181: 1629: 476: 4072: 2931: 2332: 1255:

by 2020, and agreed to continue mobilising finance at this level until 2025. The money is for supporting mitigation and adaptation in developing countries. It includes finance for the

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The Paris Agreement does not prescribe the exact nature of the NDCs. At a minimum, they should contain mitigation provisions, but they may also contain pledges on adaptation, finance,

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So far, as the only country who wants to buy ITMOs, Switzerland has signed deals regarding ITMO tradings with Peru, Ghana, Senegal, Georgia, Dominica, Vanuatu, Thailand and Ukraine.

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and adaptation, even though they feature prominently in the Paris Agreement. The literature available is mostly mixed in its conclusions about loss and damage, and adaptation.

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indicated they had wanted to object to the adoption as they denounced the weakness of the agreement, but were not given a chance. In the agreement the members promised to

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levels. The treaty also states that preferably the limit of the increase should only be 1.5 °C (2.7 °F). The lower the temperature increase, the smaller the

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It is not possible to adapt to all effects of climate change: even in the case of optimal adaptation, severe damage may still occur. The Paris Agreement recognizes

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U.S. government deposited the notification with the Secretary General of the United Nations and officially withdrew one year later on 4 November 2020. President

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international climate negotiations. The 2009 negotiations were intended to produce a successor treaty of Kyoto, but the negotiations collapsed and the resulting

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states and the European Union) on the first day it was opened for signature. As of March 2021, 194 states and the European Union have signed the agreement.

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The treaty aims to help countries adapt to climate change effects, and mobilize enough finance. Under the agreement, each country must determine, plan, and

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On June 4, 2024, the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28) commenced in Dubai with renewed calls for amplified efforts towards climate action.

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improving climate performance and accounting for their own actions. As of January 2020, the number of members abiding by these principles grew to 44.

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United Nations/ Framework Convention on Climate Change (2015) Adoption of the Paris Agreement, 21st Conference of the Parties, Paris: United Nations

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According to the stocktake report, the agreement has a significant effect: while in 2010 the expected temperature rise by 2100 was 3.7–4.8 °C, at

797:. Countries can cooperate and pool their nationally determined contributions. The Intended Nationally Determined Contributions pledged during the 10402: 9532: 9377: 9287: 6799: 6746: 5716: 3452: 3289: 2233: 1730: 885: 5924:"Human Rights Council Adopts Nine Resolutions – Extends Mandates on Eritrea, Internally Displaced Persons, and Violence Against Women and Girls" 3669: 3657: 3645: 1625: 10806: 10467: 9492: 8732: 5860: 4909: 4197: 1375: 330:, the distinction between developed and developing countries is blurred, so that the latter also have to submit plans for emission reductions. 5152: 11541: 9636: 8966: 8031: 6455: 4065: 3020: 2927: 2657: 2324: 1221: 1168: 870: 866: 562: 498: 453: 405: 261: 80: 5805: 573:

might delay the Paris pact. However, the EU deposited its instruments of ratification on 5 October 2016, along with seven EU member states.

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is one of the first international treaties on the topic. It stipulates that parties should meet regularly to address climate change, at the

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and the Least Developed Countries, whose economies and livelihoods are most vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change. The

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Under the Paris Agreement, countries must increase their ambition every five years. To facilitate this, the agreement established the

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Countries determine themselves what contributions they should make to achieve the aims of the treaty. As such, these plans are called

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Clean Development Mechanisms have become clear. A key difference is that the SDM will be available to all parties as opposed to only

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there were fears by observers that disagreement over each member state's share of the EU-wide reduction target, as well as Britain's

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Another key difference between the Paris Agreement and the Kyoto Protocol is their scope. The Kyoto Protocol differentiated between

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The Accord did lay the framework for bottom-up approach of the Paris Agreement. Under the leadership of UNFCCC executive secretary

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UNFCCC.int – Draft CMA decision on guidance on cooperative approaches referred to in Art. 6, paragraph 2, of the Paris Agreement

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Victor, David G.; Akimoto, Keigo; Kaya, Yoichi; Yamaguchi, Mitsutsune; Cullenward, Danny; Hepburn, Cameron (3 August 2017).

4887: 1758: 11321: 11271: 11236: 10322: 10312: 10177: 10172: 10102: 7737: 6683: 6678: 5682: 4417: 1963: 554: 4348: 4240: 388:(c) Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development. 11126: 10611: 10022: 9579: 9547: 7218: 6996: 6814: 6736: 6726: 6709: 6616: 6423: 3995: 1856:"Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change – 195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius" 1655: 1441: 1384: 1373:

The Paris Agreement has become a focal point of climate change litigation. One of the first major cases in this area was

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Roberts, J. Timmons; Weikmans, Romain; Robinson, Stacy-ann; Ciplet, David; Khan, Mizan; Falzon, Danielle (March 2021).

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Marcu, Andrei (2016). "Governance of Carbon Markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement". In Stavins, Robert (ed.).

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This article is about the 2015 climate accords. For the 1954 conferences to determine the status of West Germany, see

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Article 6 has been flagged as containing some of the key provisions of the Paris Agreement. Broadly, it outlines the

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The agreement would enter into force (and thus become fully effective) if 55 countries that produce at least 55% of

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is often not transferred to countries or places that need it. In December 2020, the former chair of the COP 21,

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took part in virtual events, saying that the US would "earn its way back" into legitimacy in the Paris process.

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Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)

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United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

9430: 8586: 8484: 8019: 7632: 6916: 6663: 5717:"Putting the 'enhanced transparency framework' into action: Priorities for a key pillar of the Paris Agreement" 1268: 1160:

As of 2020, there is little scientific literature on the topics of the effectiveness of the Paris Agreement on

798: 5298: 4158: 1068:°C of global warming, emissions need to be cut by roughly 50% by 2030. This is an aggregate of each country's 873:. A mechanism, the "corresponding adjustment", was established to avoid double counting for emission offsets. 11586: 11491: 11486: 11466: 11421: 11416: 11331: 11301: 11286: 11196: 11141: 11071: 10981: 10896: 10891: 10851: 10846: 10796: 10761: 10756: 10746: 10731: 10691: 9893: 9597: 8830: 8809: 8777: 8654: 8581: 7742: 7277: 6809: 5299:"World isn't moving fast enough to cut pollution and keep warming below 2 degrees Celsius, UN scorecard says" 3783: 3748: 3682: 3068: 2355: 822: 2793: 1440:". According to the ruling of the court in Brazil it should "supersede national law". In the same month the 11576: 11566: 11556: 11536: 11511: 11436: 11391: 11341: 11256: 11221: 11216: 11206: 11186: 11106: 11101: 11096: 11046: 11006: 11001: 10996: 10951: 10936: 10911: 10886: 10866: 10841: 10821: 10721: 10701: 10696: 10681: 10666: 10656: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10347: 9957: 9803: 8938: 8566: 7834: 7725: 7397: 6926: 6921: 6826: 6693: 6250: 4755: 1001:, a mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol by which parties could collaboratively pursue emissions reductions. 311:°C of global warming, emissions need to be cut by roughly 50% by 2030. This figure takes into account each 9087: 5901: 4840: 2264: 11581: 11531: 11526: 11516: 11471: 11396: 11351: 11346: 11326: 11306: 11276: 11191: 11176: 11136: 11091: 11076: 11056: 11031: 10971: 10961: 10946: 10916: 10831: 10766: 10741: 10736: 10716: 10706: 10641: 10545: 9793: 9573:

Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)

9216: 9075: 8874: 8674: 8606: 7982: 6936: 6779: 1312:

for low-lying islands. Previous climate agreements classified loss and damage as a subset of adaptation.

998: 649:

Article 28 enables parties to withdraw from the agreement after sending a withdrawal notification to the

24: 1049:

of the global economy. Implementation also requires fossil fuel burning to be cut back and the share of

11616: 11611: 11501: 11461: 11426: 11371: 11336: 11291: 11251: 11231: 11226: 11156: 11066: 11051: 11036: 11011: 10976: 10941: 10921: 10871: 10786: 10711: 10606: 9691: 8872: 8376: 7997: 7876: 7795: 7559: 7362: 7319: 7092: 7014: 6868: 5398: 4699: 4467:"The Carbon Markets of Tomorrow: Taking Shape Today". Ecosystem Market Place. Retrieved 24 October 2016 3485: 3402: 1593: 1437: 1188:

emissions in China and the rest of the world have surpassed the output of the United States and Europe.

608: 288: 4099:"Catalyzing mitigation ambition under the Paris Agreement: elements for an effective Global Stocktake" 3725: 3427: 3281: 1723: 1138:

actual reductions in emissions would be closed by implementing existing pledges. A pair of studies in

825:, the former U.N. assistant secretary-general on climate change, stated, a "name and encourage" plan. 349:

ratified the agreement, sufficient countries had ratified the agreement responsible for enough of the

142:

Ratification and accession by 55 UNFCCC parties, accounting for 55% of global greenhouse gas emissions

11496: 11316: 11281: 11261: 11151: 11086: 11026: 11021: 10906: 10826: 10781: 9136: 9069: 8576: 8371: 8209: 7861: 7664: 7339: 7314: 7287: 7249: 7166: 6984: 6831: 6784: 6534: 6303: 6298: 6293: 5177: 2953: 1368: 1264: 1122:

may be too early to judge effectiveness. According to the 2020 United Nations Environment Programme (

1100:. The latter would define the environmental rights and duties of states, individuals and businesses. 1021: 739: 710: 461: 392:

Countries furthermore aim to reach "global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible."

362: 296: 249: 245: 7179: 5870: 5323: 2299:

GHG and Carbon Accounting, Auditing, Management & Training | Greenhouse Gas Management Institute

10596: 9598:

on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)

9121: 8898: 8509: 8386: 8351: 8100: 8090: 8064: 7674: 7669: 7659: 7600: 7440: 6946: 6911: 6794: 6721: 6562: 6391: 6327: 6288: 6008:"Paris COP21: Recognition of "common but differentiated responsibilities" key achievement of India" 5865: 5105: 2649: 1347: 624: 350: 300: 4644:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

3017: 793:. Each further ambition should be more ambitious than the previous one, known as the principle of 695:

welcomed the return of the United States as restoring the "missing link that weakened the whole".

385:

and low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten food production;

10535: 9932: 9567: 9355: 9011: 8928: 8797: 8571: 8414: 8224: 8196: 7919: 7909: 7827: 7783: 7705: 7615: 7357: 7329: 7009: 6658: 6636: 6243: 5775: 2578:

Voigt, Christina (2017). "Institutional Arrangements and Final Clauses". In Klein, Daniel (ed.).

801:

are converted to NDCs when a country ratifies the Paris Agreement, unless they submit an update.

627:, have ratified or acceded to the agreement. The only countries which have not ratified are some 592: 521: 400: 4726:"Laurent Fabius: 'Le vrai antidote au réchauffement, c'est l'application de l'Accord de Paris '" 2717: 1383:

in 2019, ruling that the Dutch government failed to uphold human rights under Dutch law and the

1359:

to assess capacity include financial and human resources in a country necessary for NDC review.

1096:, argued that the implementation of the Paris Agreement could be bolstered by the adoption of a 216: 10586: 10479: 9942: 9881: 9864: 9772: 9478:

Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

8960: 8823: 8816: 8636: 8591: 8546: 8361: 8325: 8315: 8110: 8085: 8069: 8054: 8036: 7382: 7202: 7144: 7061: 7046: 6931: 6567: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 1283: 1054: 1278:

Some specific outcomes of the elevated attention to adaptation financing in Paris include the

10540: 9728: 9684: 9404: 8932: 8714: 8659: 8616: 8499: 8474: 8439: 8115: 7771: 7417: 7294: 7102: 6552: 6475: 6230: 4962:"Taking stock of national climate policies to evaluate implementation of the Paris Agreement" 3818: 1569: 1519: 1429: 1315:

The push to address loss and damage as a distinct issue in the Paris Agreement came from the

1247:

Pledges to the Green Climate Fund in 2018. The numbers represent the signed pledges per year.

1216:

in 2030 (including 240% more coal, 57% more oil and 71% more gas) than the 1.5 degree limit.

1149: 426: 292: 4270:"In-depth Q&A: How 'Article 6' carbon markets could 'make or break' the Paris Agreement" 1684: 1152:

model concluded that the rates of emissions reductions would have to increase by 80% beyond

9874: 9723: 9482: 9334: 9025: 8679: 8649: 8601: 8596: 8519: 8424: 8320: 8143: 8002: 7987: 7962: 7947: 7904: 7610: 7488: 7149: 6714: 6641: 5467: 5230: 5120: 5053: 4973: 4923: 4803: 4651: 4230:"Market Mechanisms in the Paris Climate Agreement: International Linkage under Article 6.2" 4110: 3578: 3327: 2398: 2387:"Latin America in the climate change negotiations: Exploring the AILAC and ALBA coalitions" 2386: 1863: 668: 5281: 5025: 5020: 3782:

Taibi, Fatima-Zahra; Konrad, Susanne; Bois von Kursk, Olivier (2020). Sharma, Anju (ed.).

3747:

Taibi, Fatima-Zahra; Konrad, Susanne; Bois von Kursk, Olivier (2020). Sharma, Anju (ed.).

3681:

Taibi, Fatima-Zahra; Konrad, Susanne; Bois von Kursk, Olivier (2020). Sharma, Anju (ed.).

3629: 2508: 1986: 1462: 8: 9819: 9631: 9279: 9222: 8904: 8611: 8494: 8489: 8234: 8153: 7972: 7952: 7942: 7627: 7402: 6626: 6621: 5186: 4790:

Raiser, Kilian; Kornek, Ulrike; Flachsland, Christian; Lamb, William F (19 August 2020).

4028: 3104: 1862:. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 12 December 2015. Archived from 1470: 1042: 1041:

The Paris Agreement is implemented via national policy. It would involve improvements to

805: 600: 449: 9037: 5471: 5424: 5234: 5124: 5057: 4977: 4807: 4656: 4180: 4114: 3900: 3582: 3331: 3188:"Biden plans 17 executive orders on student loans, wearing masks and more. See the list" 2402: 2102: 2020: 692: 381:(b) Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster 272:(UNFCCC) are parties to the agreement. Of the three UNFCCC member states which have not 9927: 9651: 9164: 8922: 8910: 8556: 8551: 8186: 8148: 8105: 8024: 7455: 7387: 7304: 7154: 7119: 7076: 7071: 7066: 6631: 5261: 5218: 5182:"The world has the right climate goals – but the wrong ambition levels to achieve them" 5144: 5079: 5004: 4961: 4903: 4676: 4639: 4136: 3609: 3566: 3361: 3156: 3038:"Trump administration delivers notice U.S. intends to withdraw from Paris climate deal" 2874: 2630: 2414: 2161: 1256: 1251:

Developed countries reaffirmed the commitment to mobilize $ 100 billion a year in

1238: 1113: 1089: 1050: 1030: 517: 382: 304: 9488:

International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance

2449:"The Paris agreement five years on: Is it strong enough to avert climate catastrophe?" 9733: 9171: 9093: 8954: 8765: 8748: 8719: 8514: 8398: 8204: 7957: 7894: 7689: 7352: 7097: 6863: 6646: 6609: 6396: 6350: 6198: 6177: 5797: 5485: 5266: 5248: 5148: 5136: 5071: 5009: 4991: 4877: 4821: 4681: 4523: 4140: 4128: 3838: 3614: 3596: 3548:"Paris climate talks: Differentiation of developed and developing stays, India happy" 3489: 3406: 3365: 3353: 3160: 3148: 3132: 2903: 2878: 2418: 2212: 2165: 2040: 1405: 1161: 1026: 817:

set a NDC target by a specific date, nor to meet their targets. There will be only a

809: 743: 734: 719: 442: 9483:

International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid

1485:. When the agreement achieved the required signatures in October 2016, US President 1076:

emissions would need to be cut to zero, and total greenhouse gases would need to be

733:

The Paris Agreement has been described as having a bottom-up structure, as its core

9947: 9593:

on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities

8689: 8561: 8536: 8429: 8255: 8229: 8181: 8176: 8158: 8095: 8046: 7967: 7937: 7932: 7889: 7732: 7299: 7282: 7223: 7114: 6878: 6592: 6465: 6401: 5787: 5475: 5256: 5238: 5128: 5083: 5061: 4999: 4981: 4811: 4671: 4661: 4118: 3830: 3604: 3586: 3444: 3343: 3335: 3140: 2866: 2406: 2151: 2141: 2032: 1762: 1587: 1494: 1320: 1140: 1085: 1046: 838: 834: 358: 323: 20: 9453:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)

4123: 4098: 3339: 2650:"'Today is an historic day,' says Ban, as 175 countries sign Paris climate accord" 775:

Probability that countries achieve their Paris Agreement Goals according to their

611: 303:

should be reduced as soon as, and by as much as, possible. They should even reach

287:

The Paris Agreement has a long-term temperature goal which is to keep the rise in

9537: 9250: 9063: 8916: 8524: 8434: 8419: 8285: 8250: 8059: 7684: 7605: 7569: 7472: 7460: 7377: 7309: 7184: 7041: 6653: 6604: 6582: 6192: 4871: 3967: 3024: 2910: 1575: 1547: 1482: 1305: 1252: 1234: 846: 253: 9029: 8999: 5101: 1955: 1555: 1513: 9922: 9033: 8977: 8973: 8950: 8449: 8366: 8300: 8295: 8014: 7992: 7927: 7850: 7637: 7493: 7435: 7430: 7272: 7161: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6731: 6668: 6406: 6386: 6345: 6266: 6137:"James Hansen, father of climate change awareness, calls Paris talks 'a fraud'" 5480: 5455: 5243: 5214: 5106:"Paris Agreement climate proposals need a boost to keep warming well below 2°C" 4986: 4816: 4791: 4728:[The true antidote to warming is the application of the Paris Accord]. 3591: 3477: 3394: 3144: 1581: 1477:, called the agreement "balanced and long-lasting", and India's prime minister 1474: 1309: 1093: 818: 672: 604: 490: 437: 433: 346: 327: 241: 37:

Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

8944: 5792: 4064:

Höhne, Niklas; Louise, Jeffery; Nilsson, Anna; Fekete, Hanna (November 2019).

2870: 2626:"Obama and President Xi of China Vow to Sign Paris Climate Agreement Promptly" 2180:"UNFCCC:Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP)" 2146: 2133: 1827: 10575: 9340:

Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

8993: 8989: 8754: 8479: 8464: 8459: 8444: 8265: 8219: 7977: 7710: 7642: 7367: 7189: 7174: 7109: 7004: 5801: 5489: 5252: 4995: 4825: 4132: 3842: 3600: 3357: 2044: 1533: 1478: 596: 342: 326:, but each target should go beyond previous targets. In contrast to the 1997 9189: 5894:"Brazil's High Court First to Declare Paris Agreement a Human Rights Treaty" 3448: 2036: 1596: – Interaction of societies and governments with current climate change 9762: 9718: 9707: 9232: 9152: 9059: 8727: 8125: 7884: 7595: 7392: 7036: 7026: 6673: 6557: 6470: 6101: 5270: 5140: 5097: 5075: 5013: 4685: 4666: 4407:

eda.admin.ch: Switzerland and Ghana sign an agreement on climate protection

3618: 3152: 3100:"Trump makes it official: U.S. will withdraw from the Paris climate accord" 2988:"On the Possibility to Withdraw from the Paris Agreement: A Short Overview" 2444: 1928: 1778: 1561: 1499: 1486: 1423: 1279: 1213: 1192: 534: 422: 273: 8887: 5949: 4591:"What Does the Paris Agreement Mean for Climate Resilience and Adaptation" 4097:

Hermwille, Lukas; Siemons, Anne; Förster, Hannah; Jeffery, Louise (2019).

2549:"Explainer: The adoption, signing and ratification of the UN climate deal" 1243: 10494: 9767: 9757: 9099: 9051: 9021: 9005: 8310: 8305: 8270: 8133: 7622: 7139: 7131: 6381: 3428:"The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics" 2179: 2021:"The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics" 1466: 1352: 257: 9264:

Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture

6039:"Paris climate deal provides 'best chance we have' of saving the planet" 5650:"Explainer: Dealing with the 'loss and damage' caused by climate change" 5372: 5132: 3482:

The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change: A Guide to the Debate

3399:

The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change: A Guide to the Debate

2595:"Paris Climate Treaty: 'Significant step' as US and China agree to sign" 2156: 1541: 9055: 9045: 8469: 8454: 8280: 8260: 7654: 7031: 3834: 2234:"Paris climate deal: nearly 200 nations sign in end of fossil fuel era" 1924:"Court orders Royal Dutch Shell to cut carbon emissions by 45% by 2030" 1590: – International agreement to reduce the use of hydrofluorocarbons 685: 650: 550: 452:, negotiation regained momentum after Copenhagen's failure. During the 220: 84: 6072:"A sweeping global climate change agreement was ratified on Wednesday" 5536: 4429:

admin.ch: Climate protection: Switzerland signs agreement with Georgia

3963:"Paris climate deal: What the agreement means for India and the world" 3348: 2928:"India Ratifies Landmark Paris Climate Deal, Says, 'Kept Our Promise'" 1724:"Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification)" 1180: 10519: 9200: 8738: 8684: 8138: 6599: 3823:

Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law

3018:"This Interactive Chart Shows Changes in the World's Top 10 Emitters" 2825:"Explainer: When will the European Union ratify the Paris Agreement?" 1401: 1397:, where the court ordered Germany to reconsider its climate targets. 1212:

report states that world governments still plan to produce 110% more

677: 513: 334: 5066: 5041: 4869: 4792:"Is the Paris Agreement effective? A systematic map of the evidence" 4066:

Guiding questions for the Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement

2794:"Explainer: Paris Agreement on climate change to 'enter into force'" 2410: 755:

Common but Differentiated Responsibility and Respective Capabilities

322:

on its contributions. No mechanism forces a country to set specific

9952: 9458:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

9228: 8531: 4958: 4000: 2914: 1127: 1077: 1058: 715: 646:

is the latest country to ratify the agreement, on 7 February 2023.

520:"as soon as possible" and to do their best to keep global warming " 365:

forcing countries and an oil company to strengthen climate action.

10509: 10504: 9111: 8504: 7819: 6577: 6235: 6219: 5352:"Climate target updates slow as science ramps up need for action" 1006: 643: 43: 10489: 9676: 9244: 8168: 7590: 6106:"Paris climate change deal too weak to help poor, critics warn" 2687: 1450:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

1433: 570: 333:

The Paris Agreement was opened for signature on 22 April 2016 (

9503:

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

9366:

Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women

4481:

Building blocks for a robust Sustainable Development Mechanism

4096: 1987:"UN climate talks extend Kyoto Protocol, promise compensation" 1473:, Executive Secretary of the UNFCCC. The president of Brazil, 876: 429:

or COP. It forms the foundation to future climate agreements.

23:. For the treaty that ended the Cambodian-Vietnamese War, see 9322: 7504:

Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement

6587: 5977:"Pollution from Planes and Ships Left Out of Paris Agreement" 5569:

Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade

5453: 5276: 4572:

Upsetting the offset: the political economy of carbon markets

3624: 3476: 3393: 636: 632: 445:

was not legally binding and did not get adopted universally.

265: 113: 5774:

Backes, C. W. (Chris); Veen, G. A. (Gerrit) van der (2020).

5591:"Mapped: Where multilateral climate funds spend their money" 3870:"Paris climate accord marks shift toward low-carbon economy" 2072:"The Paris Agreement and the future of climate negotiations" 1578: – Concept for social justice in climate change context 1572: – Denial of the scientific consensus on climate change 656: 29:

Paris meetings, agreements and declarations (disambiguation)

10499: 9238: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5206: 5096: 4614:"The Paris Agreement: Turning Point for a Climate Solution" 4516:

Carbon Market Provisions in the Paris Agreement (Article 6)

3901:"COP21: What does the Paris climate agreement mean for me?" 3717: 3558: 1123: 869:

did not produce a result. The topic was settled during the

855: 277: 9309: 5039: 4789: 2295:"The Paris Agreement is done! Let the negotiations begin?" 618: 460:

was established to negotiate a legal instrument governing

353:

for the agreement to enter into force on 4 November 2016.

7680:

Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change

5829:

Global trends in climate change litigation: 2021 snapshot

5505:"Climate Finance in 2013–14 and the USD 100 billion goal" 5024: This article incorporates text available under the 3791:. European Capacity Building Initiative. pp. 32–33. 3781: 3746: 3680: 2859:"Paris climate deal to take effect as EU ratifies accord" 64: Parties also covered by European Union ratification 9372:

Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women

9190:

Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation

5776:"Urgenda: the Final Judgment of the Dutch Supreme Court" 5613: 5589:

Timperley, Jocelyn; Pearce, Rosamund (6 November 2017).

4557:"Recommendations for Article 6 of the Paris Agreement." 4063: 3996:"Climate negotiators strike deal to slow global warming" 2356:"Final draft of climate deal formally accepted in Paris" 1890:"Activists cheer victory in landmark Dutch climate case" 1308:, or from slow-onset events such as the loss of land to 1153: 8709:

UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)

4418:

swissinfo.ch: Switzerland and Senegal sign climate deal

4347:. Harvard Project on Climate Agreements. Archived from 3248:"United States officially rejoined the Paris Agreement" 3133:"The US has left the Paris climate deal – what's next?" 2354:

Sutter, John D.; Berlinger, Joshua (12 December 2015).

1016: 8888:

Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation

5956:. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights 3565:

Liu, Peiran R.; Raftery, Adrian E. (9 February 2021).

2917:, 3 September 2016 (page visited on 4 September 2016). 760: 11592:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

9468:

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

9384:

Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity

9207:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

8984:

United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia

7521:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

5780:

Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law

3756:. European Capacity Building Initiative. p. 17. 2904:"Paris climate deal: US and China formally join pact" 2325:"How a 'typo' nearly derailed the Paris climate deal" 849:

provisions, and technology development and transfer.

631:: Iran with 2% of the world total being the largest. 493:

signalling the formal adoption of the Paris Agreement

270:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

9563:

Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

9498:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

9389:

American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man

6173:

Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories

5928:

The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

5861:"Arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental" 4522:. Centre for Europe and Policy Studies. p. 13. 3690:. European Capacity Building Initiative. p. 1. 3282:"It's official: U.S. back in the Paris climate club" 2208:

Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories

1509: 989: 361:. The Paris Agreement has been successfully used in 307:

by the middle of the 21st century. To stay below 1.5

5537:"Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change" 5425:"COP21 climate change summit reaches deal in Paris" 4841:"Global Climate Agreements: Successes and Failures" 3718:"National Climate Action under the Paris Agreement" 2103:"UN climate chief Christiana Figueres to step down" 1828:"The Paris Agreement – the 1.5 °C Temperature Goal" 1652:"Paris Climate Agreement Becomes International Law" 1282:' announcement to provide US$ 420 million for 1134:, and may bring down temperatures a further 0.5°C. 299:can be expected. To achieve this temperature goal, 10473:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985) 9617: 4396:eda.admin.ch: Bilateral relations Switzerland–Peru 4268:Evans, Simon; Gabbatiss, John (29 November 2019). 3932:"Nations Approve Landmark Climate Accord in Paris" 3868:Reguly, Eric; McCarthy, Shawn (14 December 2015). 284:from the agreement in 2020, but rejoined in 2021. 268:, France. As of February 2023, 195 members of the 10561:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 9159:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 663:United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement 10573: 9662:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 7721:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6066: 6064: 5745:"Reporting and Review under the Paris Agreement" 2131: 1759:"US makes official return to Paris climate pact" 1200:at a far faster rate than other primary regions. 9378:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 5885: 5588: 5456:"Rebooting a failed promise of climate finance" 5399:"What Does the Paris Agreement do for Finance?" 5033: 4924:"Paris Agreement, Decision 1/CP.21, Article 17" 4637: 4375:"A Vision for Article 6 of the Paris Agreement" 2353: 527: 11182:Treaties of the Federated States of Micronesia 9493:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 8733:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 5853: 5827:Setzer, Joana; Higham, Catherine (July 2021). 4267: 3867: 3425: 2763:"Glossary of terms relating to Treaty actions" 1376:State of the Netherlands v. Urgenda Foundation 1175: 9692: 9637:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 9295: 8967:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 8858: 7835: 6456:History of climate change policy and politics 6251: 6128: 6061: 5318: 5316: 4870:United Nations Environment Programme (2020). 3320:Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law 2897: 2384: 2265:"Bonn climate talks ask for draft Paris text" 1461:The agreement was lauded by French President 1103: 886:international transfer of mitigation outcomes 722:, which fall under the responsibility of the 623:The EU and 194 states, totalling over 98% of 499:2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference 454:2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference 406:2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference 262:2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference 11367:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9647:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 9533:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 5898:Yale Program on Climate Change Communication 5826: 3819:"The Legal Character of the Paris Agreement" 3016:World Resources Institute, 10 December 2010 1304:of this kind. Loss and damage can stem from 884:and 6.3 establish a framework to govern the 506:Intended Nationally Determined Contributions 468: 291:to well below 2 °C (3.6 °F) above 256:. The Paris Agreement was negotiated by 196 10902:Treaties entered into by the European Union 9642:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees 9463:Convention on the Political Rights of Women 6573:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 6194:Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals 4447:bafu.admin.ch: Bilateral climate agreements 4205:International Emissions Trading Association 3640: 3638: 3130: 2856: 877:Linkage of carbon trading systems and ITMOs 244:that was signed in 2016. The treaty covers 10792:Treaties of the People's Republic of China 9699: 9685: 9399:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 9351:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam 9302: 9288: 9082:Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research 8865: 8851: 8804: 7842: 7828: 7802: 7790: 7247: 6258: 6244: 5773: 5714: 5624: 5313: 5212: 5042:"Prove Paris was more than paper promises" 4908:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4588: 4477: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4436: 3892: 3861: 3564: 2231: 1196:Per person, the United States generates CO 629:greenhouse gas emitters in the Middle East 9324:Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions 8744:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) 7542: 7348:Adaptation strategies on the German coast 6481:United Nations Climate Change conferences 5791: 5625:Mogelgaard, Kathleen (24 December 2015). 5479: 5260: 5242: 5065: 5003: 4985: 4815: 4675: 4665: 4655: 4589:Mogelgaard, Kathleen (23 December 2015). 4159:"The Paris Agreement 'Ratchet Mechanism'" 4122: 3929: 3608: 3590: 3347: 3279: 3035: 2852: 2850: 2623: 2155: 2145: 1685:"Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1" 724:International Civil Aviation Organization 657:United States withdrawal and readmittance 419:UN Framework Convention on Climate Change 276:the agreement, the only major emitter is 10777:Treaties of the Central African Republic 9553:Convention for the Prevention of Torture 8772:UN Conference on Sustainable Development 7052:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation 5396: 5292: 5290: 4838: 4029:"Framework Convention on Climate Change" 3816: 3635: 3310: 2642: 2385:Watts, Joshua; Depledge, Joanna (2018). 2232:Goldenberg, Suzanne (12 December 2015). 2070:Klein, Richard J. T. (7 December 2020). 1984: 1644: 1411:Milieudefensie et al v Royal Dutch Shell 1242: 1191: 1179: 1112: 856:Mitigation provisions and carbon markets 770: 586: 544: 472: 399: 10393:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 9257:Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative 9016:Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity 7408:National Adaptation Programme of Action 7197:Land use, land-use change, and forestry 6005: 5892:Ciuffo, Leandro Neumann (7 July 2022). 5710: 5708: 5706: 5647: 5030:Minor grammatical amendments were made. 4785: 4783: 4781: 4724:Guibert, Christelle (8 December 2020). 4723: 4478:Kachi, Aki; Voigt, Juliane (May 2017). 4433: 4227: 3960: 3554:from the original on 20 September 2016. 3517: 3419: 3313:"The Paris Agreement: a new beginning?" 3280:Volcovici, Valerie (19 February 2021). 3131:Schiermeier, Quirin (4 November 2020). 2592: 2479:"'Historic' Paris climate deal adopted" 2100: 2018: 1850: 1848: 1825: 1718: 1716: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1584: – Policy for emissions reductions 1387:by lowering its emission targets. The 2 1340:monitoring, reporting, and verification 619:Countries that have ratified or acceded 614:at the COP21 Summit on 30 November 2015 171:Secretary-General of the United Nations 10574: 10485:List of human rights abuses by country 9973:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017) 9938:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 9361:Declaration of the Rights of the Child 9311:International human rights instruments 8342:Corporate environmental responsibility 7057:Economics of climate change mitigation 7020:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard) 6533: 6361:Scientific consensus on climate change 6134: 6100: 6036: 5891: 5733:from the original on 19 November 2016. 5677: 5675: 5417: 5296: 5223:Communications Earth & Environment 5176: 4633: 4631: 4624:from the original on 19 November 2016. 4611: 4601:from the original on 19 November 2016. 4385:from the original on 20 November 2016. 4263: 4261: 4169:from the original on 19 November 2016. 3571:Communications Earth & Environment 3532:from the original on 18 November 2016. 3079:from the original on 17 September 2017 3069:"WH: US staying out of climate accord" 2857:Schiermeier, Quirin (4 October 2016). 2847: 2710: 2542: 2540: 2485:. CBC/Radio Canada. 12 December 2015. 2443: 2204: 2014: 2012: 1921: 1917: 1915: 1887: 583:List of parties to the Paris Agreement 16:International treaty on climate change 10807:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo 10556:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 9680: 9616: 9519: 9473:Convention on the Rights of the Child 9428: 9427: 9410:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants 9345:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 9321: 9283: 9245:Camfed, Campaign for Female Education 9188: 8886: 8846: 7823: 7716:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 7541: 7246: 6982: 6532: 6444: 6325: 6277: 6239: 6147:from the original on 14 December 2015 5974: 5435:from the original on 13 December 2015 5287: 4760:United Nations Environmental Assembly 4612:Morgan, Jennifer (12 December 2015). 4584: 4582: 4580: 4512: 4337: 4333: 4331: 4237:Harvard Project on Climate Agreements 4223: 4221: 4214:from the original on 17 October 2016. 4192: 4190: 4152: 4150: 4045:from the original on 12 December 2015 4008:from the original on 13 December 2015 3975:from the original on 14 December 2015 3942:from the original on 14 December 2015 3930:Davenport, Coral (12 December 2015). 3911:from the original on 14 December 2015 3880:from the original on 13 December 2015 3715: 3545: 3541: 3539: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3292:from the original on 20 February 2021 3275: 3273: 3258:from the original on 20 February 2021 2968:from the original on 24 November 2018 2835:from the original on 5 September 2016 2816: 2734:from the original on 21 February 2016 2680:"Paris Agreement Signature Ceremony" 2580:The Paris Agreement on Climate Change 2577: 2525:from the original on 17 November 2017 2489:from the original on 12 December 2015 2366:from the original on 12 December 2015 2262: 2113:from the original on 29 December 2020 2069: 1883: 1881: 1821: 1819: 1769:from the original on 19 February 2021 1753: 1751: 1701:from the original on 12 December 2015 1436:recognized the Paris agreement as a " 1130:commitments were not included in the 11542:Treaties of the United Arab Emirates 9126:Malaria Research and Training Centre 8875:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award 8715:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983) 7738:Representative Concentration Pathway 6679:Tipping points in the climate system 6355:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere 6170:Jepsen, Henrik; et al. (2021). 6037:Taylor, Matthew (13 December 2015). 5975:Hulac, Benjamin (14 December 2015). 5755:from the original on 1 November 2020 5703: 5637:from the original on 8 October 2016. 5502: 5359:Climate Action Tracker Global update 4952: 4890:from the original on 9 December 2020 4778: 4766:from the original on 22 January 2021 4736:from the original on 7 February 2021 4561:, 19 May 2016. Web. 10 October 2016. 4372: 4038:. United Nations. 12 December 2015. 3993: 3961:Chauhan, Chetan (14 December 2015). 3898: 3518:Taraska, Gwynne (15 December 2015). 3458:from the original on 30 October 2021 3228:from the original on 21 January 2021 3224:. The White House. 20 January 2021. 3198:from the original on 21 January 2021 3112:from the original on 9 November 2019 2998:from the original on 2 December 2018 2347: 2205:Jepsen, Henrik; et al. (2021). 1845: 1713: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1628:. United Nations Treaty Collection. 1607: 1017:Climate change adaptation provisions 671:delivered an official notice to the 640:have also not ratified the agreement 563:the world's greenhouse gas emissions 555:United Nations General Assembly Hall 10617:Treaties entered into force in 2016 9580:American Convention on Human Rights 9106:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 7509:Nationally determined contributions 7219:Individual action on climate change 6424:World energy supply and consumption 6135:Milman, Oliver (12 December 2015). 6082:from the original on 5 October 2016 5808:from the original on 18 August 2021 5672: 5158:from the original on 19 August 2019 4839:Maizland, Lindsay (29 April 2021). 4628: 4258: 4156: 3546:Sinha, Amitabh (14 December 2015). 3036:Restuccia, Andrew (4 August 2017). 2934:from the original on 3 October 2016 2885:from the original on 5 October 2016 2822: 2791: 2546: 2537: 2362:. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. 2009: 1985:Harrabin, Roger (8 December 2012). 1912: 1736:from the original on 15 August 2017 1442:United Nations Human Rights Council 1400:In May 2021, the district court of 1385:European Convention on Human Rights 1228: 1132:Nationally Determined Contributions 1070:nationally determined contributions 828: 786:nationally determined contributions 777:nationally determined contributions 767:Nationally determined contributions 761:Nationally determined contributions 728:International Maritime Organization 13: 11297:Treaties of the State of Palestine 10857:Treaties of the Dominican Republic 10727:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina 9983:during the Libyan civil war (2011) 9845:National human rights institutions 9840:List of human rights organisations 9558:European Convention on Nationality 8357:Environmental full-cost accounting 7849: 7648:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis 6265: 6163: 6006:Goswami, Urmi (14 December 2015). 5405:from the original on 10 April 2017 5397:Thwaites, Joe (18 December 2015). 4577: 4494:from the original on 25 April 2021 4487:. Carbon Market Watch. p. 2. 4328: 4280:from the original on 20 April 2020 4218: 4187: 4147: 4078:from the original on 10 March 2021 3849:from the original on 18 March 2021 3798:from the original on 17 April 2021 3785:Pocket Guide to NDCs: 2020 Edition 3763:from the original on 17 April 2021 3750:Pocket Guide to NDCs: 2020 Edition 3697:from the original on 17 April 2021 3684:Pocket Guide to NDCs: 2020 Edition 3536: 3502: 3270: 3185: 3097: 3066: 3048:from the original on 4 August 2017 2624:Davenport, Coral (31 March 2016). 2605:from the original on 23 April 2016 2186:from the original on 2 August 2015 2138:International Community Law Review 2101:McGrath, Matt (19 February 2016). 1878: 1816: 1804:from the original on 19 March 2021 1791: 1748: 1289: 14: 11628: 11382:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe 11357:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis 9548:Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 9118:Manhiça Centre of Health Research 8291:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity 7575:Satellite temperature measurement 7180:forestry for carbon sequestration 6461:History of climate change science 6212: 6191:Teske, Sven; et al. (2019). 6116:from the original on 30 June 2021 6049:from the original on 13 July 2021 6018:from the original on 15 July 2021 5297:Nilsen, Ella (8 September 2023). 5194:from the original on 29 June 2016 4940:from the original on 1 April 2016 4851:from the original on 12 June 2021 3994:Falk, Pamela (12 December 2015). 3899:Mark, Kinver (14 December 2015). 3488:. pp. 28, 137–148, 175–179. 3375:from the original on 24 July 2021 3167:from the original on 18 July 2021 2660:from the original on 29 June 2017 2459:from the original on 15 July 2021 2425:from the original on 15 July 2021 2335:from the original on 22 July 2021 2305:from the original on 22 July 2021 2275:from the original on 18 July 2021 2263:Evans, Simon (7 September 2015). 2244:from the original on 26 July 2021 2132:Orangias, Joseph (1 April 2022). 2082:from the original on 18 July 2021 1997:from the original on 16 July 2018 1966:from the original on 20 July 2021 1888:Corder, Mike (20 December 2019). 1729:. United Nations. 8 August 2017. 1670: 1036: 1009:, making it much wider in scope. 990:Sustainable Development Mechanism 11162:Treaties of the Marshall Islands 9968:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp 9706: 9520: 9147:National Transplant Organization 8803: 8792: 8791: 8761:UN Millennium Declaration (2000) 7801: 7789: 7778: 7777: 7765: 7426:Climate Change Performance Index 6805:Destruction of cultural heritage 6218: 6094: 6030: 5999: 5968: 5942: 5916: 5841:from the original on 7 July 2021 5820: 5767: 5737: 5699:from the original on 9 May 2016. 5641: 5582: 5554: 5529: 5496: 5447: 5390: 5365: 5344: 5275: 5170: 5090: 5019: 4916: 4863: 4832: 4748: 4717: 4539:from the original on 2 July 2021 4198:"Article 6 Implementation Paper" 4071:(Report). NewClimate Institute. 3728:from the original on 13 May 2021 3623: 3525:. Center for American Progress. 2773:from the original on 22 May 2019 2767:United Nations Treaty Collection 2051:from the original on 3 June 2018 1936:from the original on 26 May 2021 1900:from the original on 9 July 2021 1632:from the original on 5 July 2021 1554: 1540: 1526: 1512: 1381:Supreme Court of the Netherlands 1296:Loss and damage (climate change) 1108: 690:United Nations Secretary-General 240:) is an international treaty on 211: 42: 11507:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago 11432:Treaties of the Solomon Islands 10647:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda 10093:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet 9799:Natural rights and legal rights 9789:Claim rights and liberty rights 9130:Kintampo Health Research Centre 8347:Corporate social responsibility 8276:Ocean thermal energy conversion 8215:Community-supported agriculture 7900:Human impact on the environment 7565:Instrumental temperature record 7516:Sustainable Development Goal 13 5987:from the original on 9 May 2021 5869:(in Portuguese). Archived from 5724:Stockholm Environment Institute 5660:from the original on 8 May 2021 5627:"When Adaptation is Not Enough" 5601:from the original on 7 May 2021 4692: 4605: 4564: 4551: 4506: 4471: 4460: 4451: 4422: 4411: 4400: 4389: 4366: 4317: 4292: 4173: 4157:Yeo, Sophie (19 January 2016). 4090: 4057: 4020: 3987: 3954: 3923: 3810: 3775: 3740: 3709: 3674: 3662: 3650: 3470: 3387: 3304: 3240: 3210: 3179: 3124: 3091: 3060: 3029: 3010: 2980: 2946: 2920: 2804:from the original on 8 May 2021 2785: 2755: 2746: 2691:. 22 April 2016. Archived from 2672: 2617: 2593:McGrath, Matt (31 March 2016). 2586: 2571: 2559:from the original on 8 May 2021 2501: 2471: 2437: 2378: 2317: 2287: 2256: 2225: 2198: 2172: 2125: 2094: 2076:Stockholm Environment Institute 2063: 1978: 1948: 1417: 1333:Enhanced Transparency Framework 1326: 1317:Alliance of Small Island States 1098:Global Pact for the Environment 11547:Treaties of the United Kingdom 10987:Treaties extended to Hong Kong 10837:Treaties of the Czech Republic 10602:November 2015 events in France 10592:December 2015 events in France 9963:against Palestinians by Israel 9620:International humanitarian law 9167:for the Advancement of Science 8587:Socially responsible marketing 7633:Climate variability and change 6983: 6664:Retreat of glaciers since 1850 6176:. Cambridge University Press. 4796:Environmental Research Letters 4638:Gomez-Echeverri, Luis (2018). 4513:Marcu, Andrei (January 2016). 4341:The Paris agreement and beyond 4300:"Climate Explainer: Article 6" 2792:Yeo, Sophie (6 October 2016). 2211:. Cambridge University Press. 1922:Boffey, Daniel (26 May 2021). 1785: 1355:and processes for compliance. 1269:Small Island Developing States 1033:, and limiting vulnerability. 799:2015 Climate Change Conference 421:(UNFCCC), adopted at the 1992 395: 81:30 November – 12 December 2015 70: Agreement does not apply 1: 11552:Treaties of the United States 10932:Treaties of Georgia (country) 10882:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea 9588:to Prevent and Punish Torture 8877:for International Cooperation 8778:Sustainable Development Goals 8582:Socially responsible business 7743:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 7278:Climate emergency declaration 5683:"The Paris Agreement Summary" 4124:10.1080/14693062.2019.1624494 3520:"The Paris Climate Agreement" 3340:10.1080/02646811.2016.1133983 2962:Union of Concerned Scientists 2547:Yeo, Sophie (19 April 2016). 1826:Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich. 1600: 1362: 436:, adopted in 1997, regulated 11312:Treaties of Papua New Guinea 10812:Treaties of the Cook Islands 9804:Negative and positive rights 7726:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report 6952:Middle East and North Africa 6278: 5562:"Roadmap to US$ 100 Billion" 5510:. p. 20. Archived from 4845:Council on Foreign Relations 4700:"Frequently Asked Questions" 4574:. London: MayFlyBooks, 2009, 2823:Yeo, Sophie (23 June 2016). 1456: 1057:may be necessary to achieve 703: 528:Signing and entry into force 404:Heads of delegations at the 313:country's documented pledges 27:. For different topics, see 7: 11322:Treaties of the Philippines 11272:Treaties of North Macedonia 11237:Treaties of the Netherlands 10546:List of human rights awards 10418:in the United Arab Emirates 9794:Individual and group rights 9217:Hispanic Society of America 9143:The Transplantation Society 9092:2004: The European Union's 9076:International Space Station 8607:Sustainability organization 8392:Standards and certification 7983:Social return on investment 6800:Depopulation of settlements 6445: 6231:Text of the Paris Agreement 5648:Pidcock, Roz (9 May 2017). 4373:Hone, David (16 May 2016). 3311:Savaresi, Annalisa (2016). 2954:"Each Country's Share of CO 1505: 1176:Fulfillment of requirements 999:Clean Development Mechanism 683:United States Climate Envoy 337:) at a ceremony inside the 25:1991 Paris Peace Agreements 10: 11633: 11127:Treaties extended to Macau 10612:Treaties concluded in 2015 10468:of the Marcos dictatorship 9584:Inter-American Convention 9448:Convention against Torture 9239:Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance 8032:Systemic change resistance 7560:Global surface temperature 7451:Popular culture depictions 7363:Ecosystem-based adaptation 7093:Carbon capture and storage 7015:Carbon offsets and credits 6326: 5950:"OHCHR and climate change" 5715:Van Asselt, Harro (2016). 5481:10.1038/s41558-021-00990-2 5244:10.1038/s43247-021-00097-8 4987:10.1038/s41467-020-15414-6 3716:Staff (22 November 2019). 3592:10.1038/s43247-021-00097-8 3486:Cambridge University Press 3480:; Edward A Parson (2020). 3403:Cambridge University Press 3397:; Edward A Parson (2020). 3145:10.1038/d41586-020-03066-x 1960:Council of Foreign Affairs 1860:UN Climate Change Newsroom 1654:. ABC News. Archived from 1594:Politics of climate change 1481:commended the agreement's 1421: 1404:ruled against oil company 1394:Neubauer et al. v. Germany 1366: 1330: 1293: 1232: 1104:Specific topics of concern 764: 698: 660: 580: 576: 518:reduce their carbon output 496: 412: 289:global surface temperature 18: 11112:Treaties of Liechtenstein 10967:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau 10528: 10413:in the State of Palestine 10398:in the Dominican Republic 9978:during the Gaddafi regime 9915: 9860: 9853: 9832: 9812: 9781: 9753: 9742: 9714: 9627: 9612: 9528: 9515: 9438: 9423: 9330: 9317: 9195: 9184: 9137:World Health Organization 9088:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva 9070:Fernando Henrique Cardoso 8893: 8882: 8787: 8698: 8635: 8407: 8334: 8243: 8210:Climate-smart agriculture 8195: 8167: 8124: 8078: 8045: 7918: 7875: 7857: 7772:Climate change portal 7759: 7698: 7665:Extreme event attribution 7583: 7552: 7548: 7537: 7481: 7416: 7338: 7288:School Strike for Climate 7260: 7256: 7242: 7211: 7167:Climate-smart agriculture 7128: 7085: 6995: 6991: 6978: 6902: 6755: 6702: 6545: 6541: 6528: 6451: 6440: 6369: 6338: 6334: 6321: 6304:Climate change adaptation 6299:Climate change mitigation 6294:Effects of climate change 6284: 6273: 5793:10.1163/18760104-01703004 5631:World Resources Institute 4618:World Resources Institute 4595:World Resources Institute 3817:Bodansky, Daniel (2016). 3722:World Resources Institute 3218:"Paris Climate Agreement" 2871:10.1038/nature.2016.20735 2147:10.1163/18719732-bja10068 1369:Climate change litigation 1265:Least developed countries 1148:In 2021, a study using a 1022:Climate change adaptation 609:Portuguese Prime Minister 522:to well below 2 degrees C 469:Negotiations and adoption 462:climate change mitigation 297:effects of climate change 246:climate change mitigation 210: 205: 176: 166: 154: 146: 138: 120: 109: 91: 76: 41: 11607:Human rights instruments 11522:Treaties of Turkmenistan 11442:Treaties of South Africa 11407:Treaties of Sierra Leone 11387:Treaties of Saudi Arabia 11147:Treaties of the Maldives 10992:Treaties of the Holy See 10752:Treaties of Burkina Faso 9122:Ifakara Health Institute 8352:Environmental accounting 8101:Sustainable architecture 8091:Environmental technology 7675:Global warming potential 7482:International agreements 7129:Preserving and enhancing 6563:Arctic methane emissions 6485:Years in climate change 6392:Greenhouse gas emissions 6289:Causes of climate change 5866:Supremo Tribunal Federal 4876:. Nairobi. p. XXI. 4817:10.1088/1748-9326/ab865c 4228:Stavins, Robert (2016). 2019:Falkner, Robert (2016). 1348:greenhouse gas inventory 1080:just after mid-century. 625:greenhouse gas emissions 537:, but it is possible to 351:world's greenhouse gases 301:greenhouse gas emissions 11597:United Nations treaties 11477:Treaties of Switzerland 11452:Treaties of South Sudan 11447:Treaties of South Korea 11362:Treaties of Saint Lucia 11267:Treaties of North Korea 11242:Treaties of New Zealand 11042:Treaties of Ivory Coast 10877:Treaties of El Salvador 10802:Treaties of the Comoros 10677:Treaties of the Bahamas 10622:Treaties of Afghanistan 10582:2015 in the environment 10536:History of human rights 9943:Enforced disappearances 9933:Crimes against humanity 9356:Declaration of Montreal 9012:Government of Guatemala 8939:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar 8929:University of Salamanca 8225:Sustainable agriculture 7706:Climate change scenario 7358:Disaster risk reduction 7010:Carbon emission trading 6820:U.S. insurance industry 6790:Civilizational collapse 6637:sea surface temperature 4036:United Nations FCCC Int 3449:10.1111/1468-2346.12708 3426:Robert Falkner (2016). 2037:10.1111/1468-2346.12708 1465:, UN Secretary General 368: 11602:Environmental treaties 11562:Treaties of Uzbekistan 11482:Treaties of Tajikistan 11402:Treaties of Seychelles 11377:Treaties of San Marino 11212:Treaties of Mozambique 11202:Treaties of Montenegro 11167:Treaties of Mauritania 11132:Treaties of Madagascar 11122:Treaties of Luxembourg 11082:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan 11062:Treaties of Kazakhstan 10927:Treaties of the Gambia 10862:Treaties of East Timor 10817:Treaties of Costa Rica 10772:Treaties of Cape Verde 10687:Treaties of Bangladesh 10672:Treaties of Azerbaijan 10480:Incitement to genocide 9773:Universal jurisdiction 8961:Hans-Dietrich Genscher 8768:(Rio+10, Johannesburg) 8637:Sustainable management 8622:Urban drainage systems 8362:Environmental planning 8326:Water recycling shower 8316:Tidal stream generator 8111:Sustainable industries 8070:Sustainable population 8055:Demographic transition 8037:Tragedy of the commons 7699:Research and modelling 7383:Nature-based solutions 7203:Nature-based solutions 7145:Carbon dioxide removal 7062:Fossil fuel divestment 7047:Climate risk insurance 6957:Small island countries 6568:Arctic sea ice decline 6223:Quotations related to 5571:. OECD. Archived from 4667:10.1098/rsta.2016.0444 4181:"COP28 Opens in Dubai" 3670:Paris Agreement (2015) 3658:Paris Agreement (2015) 3646:Paris Agreement (2015) 2909:2 January 2018 at the 1306:extreme weather events 1284:climate risk insurance 1248: 1201: 1189: 1118: 1055:carbon dioxide removal 862:cooperative approaches 780: 667:On 4 August 2017, the 615: 558: 494: 409: 390: 282:United States withdrew 11572:Treaties of Venezuela 11457:Treaties of Sri Lanka 11412:Treaties of Singapore 11247:Treaties of Nicaragua 11172:Treaties of Mauritius 11117:Treaties of Lithuania 11017:Treaties of Indonesia 10957:Treaties of Guatemala 10662:Treaties of Australia 10652:Treaties of Argentina 10541:List of global issues 9405:Yogyakarta Principles 8933:University of Coimbra 8660:Humanistic capitalism 8475:Environmental finance 8116:Sustainable packaging 7660:Earth's energy budget 7543:Background and theory 7431:Climate crisis (term) 7103:Fossil fuel phase-out 6997:Economics and finance 6962:by individual country 6904:By country and region 6879:Security and conflict 6874:Psychological impacts 6553:Abrupt climate change 6476:Charles David Keeling 6309:By country and region 5460:Nature Climate Change 5100:; den Elzen, Michel; 4966:Nature Communications 4379:The Energy Collective 3436:International Affairs 3252:Renewable Energy 2050 3023:14 March 2021 at the 2025:International Affairs 1794:"The Paris Agreement" 1570:Climate change denial 1520:Global warming portal 1430:Supreme Federal Court 1422:Further information: 1246: 1233:Further information: 1195: 1184:Since 2000, rising CO 1183: 1116: 871:2021 COP26 in Glasgow 774: 593:Indian Prime Minister 590: 557:for the United States 548: 488: 427:Conference of Parties 403: 376: 238:Paris Climate Accords 126:; 7 years ago 97:; 8 years ago 11587:Treaties of Zimbabwe 11492:Treaties of Thailand 11487:Treaties of Tanzania 11467:Treaties of Suriname 11422:Treaties of Slovenia 11417:Treaties of Slovakia 11332:Treaties of Portugal 11302:Treaties of Paraguay 11287:Treaties of Pakistan 11197:Treaties of Mongolia 11142:Treaties of Malaysia 11072:Treaties of Kiribati 10982:Treaties of Honduras 10897:Treaties of Ethiopia 10892:Treaties of Eswatini 10852:Treaties of Dominica 10847:Treaties of Djibouti 10797:Treaties of Colombia 10762:Treaties of Cameroon 10757:Treaties of Cambodia 10747:Treaties of Bulgaria 10732:Treaties of Botswana 10692:Treaties of Barbados 10423:in the United States 10198:in Jammu and Kashmir 9744:Fundamental concepts 9335:Brazilian Resolution 9042:Fatana Ishaq Gailani 9026:Olayinka Koso-Thomas 8974:Frederik W. de Klerk 8627:Urban infrastructure 8321:Water heat recycling 8144:Conservation biology 7988:Steady-state economy 7963:Micro-sustainability 7948:Ecological footprint 7905:Planetary boundaries 7489:Glasgow Climate Pact 7150:Carbon sequestration 6715:Mass mortality event 6104:(14 December 2015). 5692:. 28 December 2015. 5578:on 19 November 2016. 5431:. 13 December 2015. 4873:Emissions Gap Report 3405:. pp. 190–191. 3254:. 20 February 2021. 2638:on 21 February 2017. 2391:WIREs Climate Change 2331:. 16 December 2015. 2301:. 24 February 2016. 1765:. 19 February 2021. 1428:On 4 July 2022, the 1157:by all signatories. 1072:. By mid-century, CO 867:negotiations in 2019 669:Trump administration 571:vote to leave the EU 11577:Treaties of Vietnam 11567:Treaties of Vanuatu 11557:Treaties of Uruguay 11537:Treaties of Ukraine 11512:Treaties of Tunisia 11437:Treaties of Somalia 11392:Treaties of Senegal 11342:Treaties of Romania 11257:Treaties of Nigeria 11222:Treaties of Namibia 11217:Treaties of Myanmar 11207:Treaties of Morocco 11187:Treaties of Moldova 11107:Treaties of Liberia 11102:Treaties of Lesotho 11097:Treaties of Lebanon 11047:Treaties of Jamaica 11007:Treaties of Ireland 11002:Treaties of Iceland 10997:Treaties of Hungary 10952:Treaties of Grenada 10937:Treaties of Germany 10912:Treaties of Finland 10887:Treaties of Estonia 10867:Treaties of Ecuador 10842:Treaties of Denmark 10822:Treaties of Croatia 10722:Treaties of Bolivia 10702:Treaties of Belgium 10697:Treaties of Belarus 10682:Treaties of Bahrain 10667:Treaties of Austria 10657:Treaties of Armenia 10637:Treaties of Andorra 10632:Treaties of Algeria 10627:Treaties of Albania 10408:in the Soviet Union 10308:in Papua New Guinea 9958:Human rights abuses 9916:Human rights abuses 9820:Corporal punishment 9632:Genocide Convention 9223:Amref Health Africa 8905:Enrique V. Iglesias 8899:José López Portillo 8728:Earth Summit (1992) 8382:Metrics and indices 8235:Sustainable fishery 8154:Holocene extinction 7973:Product stewardship 7943:Earth Overshoot Day 7628:Climate sensitivity 7403:The Adaptation Fund 6859:Infectious diseases 6756:Social and economic 6143:. London, England. 5981:Scientific American 5472:2021NatCC..11..180R 5235:2021ComEE...2...29L 5217:(9 February 2021). 5187:The Washington Post 5133:10.1038/nature18307 5125:2016Natur.534..631R 5058:2017Natur.548...25V 4978:2020NatCo..11.2096R 4808:2020ERL....15h3006R 4657:2018RSPTA.37660444G 4559:Carbon Market Watch 4354:on 19 November 2016 4246:on 19 November 2016 4115:2019CliPo..19..988H 3876:. Toronto, Canada. 3583:2021ComEE...2...29L 3332:2016JENRL..34...16S 3105:The Washington Post 2447:(8 December 2020). 2403:2018WIRCC...9E.533W 1471:Christiana Figueres 1438:human rights treaty 1210:Production Gap 2021 806:technology transfer 601:President of Brazil 450:Christiana Figueres 52: State parties 38: 11582:Treaties of Zambia 11532:Treaties of Uganda 11527:Treaties of Tuvalu 11517:Treaties of Turkey 11472:Treaties of Sweden 11397:Treaties of Serbia 11352:Treaties of Rwanda 11347:Treaties of Russia 11327:Treaties of Poland 11307:Treaties of Panama 11277:Treaties of Norway 11192:Treaties of Monaco 11177:Treaties of Mexico 11137:Treaties of Malawi 11092:Treaties of Latvia 11077:Treaties of Kuwait 11057:Treaties of Jordan 11032:Treaties of Israel 10972:Treaties of Guyana 10962:Treaties of Guinea 10947:Treaties of Greece 10917:Treaties of France 10832:Treaties of Cyprus 10767:Treaties of Canada 10742:Treaties of Brunei 10737:Treaties of Brazil 10717:Treaties of Bhutan 10707:Treaties of Belize 10642:Treaties of Angola 10403:in the Philippines 9928:Crime of apartheid 9652:Geneva Conventions 9165:Max Planck Society 8911:Belisario Betancur 8187:Sustainable energy 8149:Endangered species 8106:Sustainable design 8020:Consumer behaviour 7199:(LULUCF and AFOLU) 7171:Forest management 7155:Direct air capture 7120:Sustainable energy 7077:Net zero emissions 7072:Low-carbon economy 7067:Green Climate Fund 6854:Indigenous peoples 6747:Plant biodiversity 6535:Effects and issues 6078:. 5 October 2016. 6012:The Economic Times 5215:Raftery, Adrian E. 4931:UNFCCC secretariat 4650:(2119): 20160444. 3936:The New York Times 3835:10.1111/reel.12154 3668:Articles 3, 9(3), 3186:Medina, Daniella. 2631:The New York Times 1956:"UN Climate Talks" 1866:on 17 January 2016 1692:UNFCCC secretariat 1658:on 4 November 2016 1257:Green Climate Fund 1249: 1239:Green Climate Fund 1202: 1190: 1119: 1059:net zero emissions 1051:sustainable energy 791:UNFCCC Secretariat 781: 740:consensus building 616: 559: 495: 410: 383:climate resilience 363:climate litigation 359:increased ambition 36: 11617:Lists of treaties 11612:International law 11502:Treaties of Tonga 11462:Treaties of Sudan 11427:Treaties of Spain 11372:Treaties of Samoa 11337:Treaties of Qatar 11292:Treaties of Palau 11252:Treaties of Niger 11232:Treaties of Nepal 11227:Treaties of Nauru 11157:Treaties of Malta 11067:Treaties of Kenya 11052:Treaties of Japan 11037:Treaties of Italy 11012:Treaties of India 10977:Treaties of Haiti 10942:Treaties of Ghana 10922:Treaties of Gabon 10872:Treaties of Egypt 10787:Treaties of Chile 10712:Treaties of Benin 10607:Science diplomacy 10569: 10568: 10551:Three generations 9911: 9910: 9828: 9827: 9674: 9673: 9670: 9669: 9657:Hague Conventions 9608: 9607: 9511: 9510: 9431:International law 9419: 9418: 9277: 9276: 9273: 9272: 9180: 9179: 9172:Fulbright Program 9094:Erasmus Programme 8955:Mikhail Gorbachev 8873:Laureates of the 8840: 8839: 8766:Earth Summit 2002 8749:Lisbon Principles 8721:Our Common Future 8399:Sustainable yield 8205:Civic agriculture 7958:Green consumption 7895:Global governance 7817: 7816: 7755: 7754: 7751: 7750: 7690:Radiative forcing 7533: 7532: 7529: 7528: 7353:Adaptive capacity 7238: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7098:Energy transition 6974: 6973: 6970: 6969: 6684:Tropical cyclones 6610:Urban heat island 6524: 6523: 6436: 6435: 6432: 6431: 6397:Carbon accounting 6351:Greenhouse effect 6317: 6316: 6204:978-3-030-05842-5 6183:978-1-108-88624-6 5119:(7609): 631–639. 4883:978-92-807-3812-4 4529:978-94-6138-501-7 3495:978-1-316-63132-4 3412:978-1-316-63132-4 2656:. 22 April 2016. 2218:978-1-108-88624-6 1832:Climate Analytics 1626:"Paris Agreement" 1495:environmentalists 1463:François Hollande 1406:Royal Dutch Shell 1162:capacity building 1064:To stay below 1.5 1043:energy efficiency 1027:adaptive capacity 987: 986: 810:capacity building 779:as of 2021 (NDCs) 744:international law 735:pledge and review 524:" (3.6 °F). 486: 443:Copenhagen Accord 324:emissions targets 232:(also called the 226: 225: 58: Signatories 11624: 11497:Treaties of Togo 11317:Treaties of Peru 11282:Treaties of Oman 11262:Treaties of Niue 11152:Treaties of Mali 11087:Treaties of Laos 11027:Treaties of Iraq 11022:Treaties of Iran 10907:Treaties of Fiji 10827:Treaties of Cuba 10782:Treaties of Chad 10323:in Punjab, India 9948:Forced migration 9858: 9857: 9751: 9750: 9746:and philosophies 9701: 9694: 9687: 9678: 9677: 9614: 9613: 9517: 9516: 9425: 9424: 9394:Paris Principles 9319: 9318: 9304: 9297: 9290: 9281: 9280: 9186: 9185: 9145:and the Spanish 9038:Rigoberta Menchú 8884: 8883: 8867: 8860: 8853: 8844: 8843: 8807: 8806: 8795: 8794: 8739:Agenda 21 (1992) 8710: 8675:Natural resource 8562:Organic movement 8537:Impact investing 8256:Hydroelectricity 8230:Sustainable diet 8182:Renewable energy 8177:Carbon footprint 8159:Invasive species 8096:Natural building 8047:World population 8008:Marketing myopia 7968:Over-consumption 7938:Circular economy 7933:Anti-consumerism 7890:Environmentalism 7844: 7837: 7830: 7821: 7820: 7805: 7804: 7793: 7792: 7781: 7780: 7770: 7769: 7768: 7733:Paleoclimatology 7550: 7549: 7539: 7538: 7300:Ecological grief 7283:Climate movement 7258: 7257: 7244: 7243: 7224:Plant-based diet 7115:Renewable energy 6993: 6992: 6980: 6979: 6815:Economic impacts 6737:Invasive species 6593:Coastal flooding 6543: 6542: 6530: 6529: 6466:Svante Arrhenius 6442: 6441: 6412:from agriculture 6402:Carbon footprint 6387:Greenhouse gases 6336: 6335: 6323: 6322: 6275: 6274: 6260: 6253: 6246: 6237: 6236: 6222: 6208: 6187: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6068: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6034: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6003: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5972: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5946: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5930:. 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8878: 8871: 8841: 8836: 8783: 8708: 8700: 8699:Agreements and 8694: 8631: 8435:Climate finance 8403: 8330: 8286:Reclaimed water 8239: 8191: 8163: 8120: 8074: 8060:Family planning 8041: 7914: 7871: 7853: 7848: 7818: 7813: 7766: 7764: 7747: 7694: 7685:Orbital forcing 7579: 7544: 7525: 7499:Paris Agreement 7477: 7473:Warming stripes 7412: 7378:Managed retreat 7373:Loss and damage 7334: 7268:Business action 7252: 7230: 7207: 7130: 7124: 7081: 7042:Climate finance 6987: 6966: 6898: 6751: 6727:Extinction risk 6703:Flora and fauna 6698: 6659:Permafrost thaw 6654:Ozone depletion 6583:Extreme weather 6537: 6520: 6447: 6428: 6365: 6330: 6313: 6280: 6269: 6264: 6225:Paris Agreement 6215: 6205: 6190: 6184: 6169: 6166: 6164:Further reading 6161: 6160: 6150: 6148: 6133: 6129: 6119: 6117: 6099: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6070: 6069: 6062: 6052: 6050: 6035: 6031: 6021: 6019: 6004: 6000: 5990: 5988: 5973: 5969: 5959: 5957: 5948: 5947: 5943: 5933: 5931: 5922: 5921: 5917: 5907: 5905: 5904:on 24 July 2022 5890: 5886: 5876: 5874: 5873:on 24 July 2022 5859: 5858: 5854: 5844: 5842: 5838: 5831: 5825: 5821: 5811: 5809: 5772: 5768: 5758: 5756: 5743: 5742: 5738: 5730: 5719: 5713: 5704: 5696: 5685: 5681: 5680: 5673: 5663: 5661: 5646: 5642: 5623: 5614: 5604: 5602: 5587: 5583: 5575: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5555: 5545: 5543: 5535: 5534: 5530: 5520: 5518: 5514: 5507: 5501: 5497: 5452: 5448: 5438: 5436: 5423: 5422: 5418: 5408: 5406: 5395: 5391: 5381: 5379: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5354: 5350: 5349: 5345: 5335: 5333: 5326: 5322: 5321: 5314: 5304: 5302: 5295: 5288: 5211: 5207: 5197: 5195: 5175: 5171: 5161: 5159: 5155: 5108: 5095: 5091: 5067:10.1038/548025a 5052:(7665): 25–27. 5038: 5034: 4957: 4953: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4926: 4922: 4921: 4917: 4901: 4900: 4893: 4891: 4884: 4868: 4864: 4854: 4852: 4837: 4833: 4788: 4779: 4769: 4767: 4754: 4753: 4749: 4739: 4737: 4722: 4718: 4708: 4706: 4698: 4697: 4693: 4636: 4629: 4610: 4606: 4587: 4578: 4570:Böhm, Steffen. 4569: 4565: 4556: 4552: 4542: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4519: 4511: 4507: 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3241: 3231: 3229: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3201: 3199: 3184: 3180: 3170: 3168: 3129: 3125: 3115: 3113: 3098:Dennis, Brady. 3096: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3067:Liptak, Kevin. 3065: 3061: 3051: 3049: 3034: 3030: 3025:Wayback Machine 3015: 3011: 3001: 2999: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2971: 2969: 2957: 2952: 2951: 2947: 2937: 2935: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2911:Wayback Machine 2902: 2898: 2888: 2886: 2855: 2848: 2838: 2836: 2821: 2817: 2807: 2805: 2790: 2786: 2776: 2774: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2737: 2735: 2731: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2711: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2682: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2663: 2661: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2622: 2618: 2608: 2606: 2591: 2587: 2576: 2572: 2562: 2560: 2545: 2538: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2511: 2509:"Article 20(1)" 2507: 2506: 2502: 2492: 2490: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2462: 2460: 2442: 2438: 2428: 2426: 2411:10.1002/wcc.533 2383: 2379: 2369: 2367: 2352: 2348: 2338: 2336: 2323: 2322: 2318: 2308: 2306: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2278: 2276: 2261: 2257: 2247: 2245: 2230: 2226: 2219: 2203: 2199: 2189: 2187: 2178: 2177: 2173: 2130: 2126: 2116: 2114: 2099: 2095: 2085: 2083: 2068: 2064: 2054: 2052: 2017: 2010: 2000: 1998: 1983: 1979: 1969: 1967: 1954: 1953: 1949: 1939: 1937: 1920: 1913: 1903: 1901: 1886: 1879: 1869: 1867: 1854: 1853: 1846: 1836: 1834: 1824: 1817: 1807: 1805: 1790: 1786: 1772: 1770: 1757: 1756: 1749: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1726: 1722: 1721: 1714: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1671: 1661: 1659: 1650: 1649: 1645: 1635: 1633: 1624: 1623: 1608: 1603: 1576:Climate justice 1560: 1553: 1548:Politics portal 1546: 1539: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1518: 1511: 1508: 1483:climate justice 1459: 1426: 1420: 1388: 1371: 1365: 1335: 1329: 1302:loss and damage 1298: 1292: 1290:Loss and damage 1253:climate finance 1241: 1235:Climate finance 1231: 1199: 1187: 1178: 1111: 1106: 1075: 1065: 1039: 1019: 1007:Annex-I parties 992: 941:18 October 2021 911:20 October 2020 879: 858: 847:climate finance 831: 769: 763: 706: 701: 665: 659: 621: 585: 579: 530: 501: 473: 471: 458:Durban Platform 415: 398: 371: 357:a mechanism of 339:UN Headquarters 308: 230:Paris Agreement 217:Paris Agreement 212: 201: 131:4 November 2016 130: 128: 125: 124:4 November 2016 101: 99: 96: 72: 71: 67: 65: 61: 59: 55: 53: 49: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11630: 11620: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11454: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11289: 11284: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11089: 11084: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10567: 10566: 10564: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10532: 10530: 10526: 10525: 10523: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10476: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10373:in Switzerland 10370: 10365: 10360: 10358:in South Korea 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10293:in North Korea 10290: 10285: 10283:in New Zealand 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10228:in Kyrgyzstan‎ 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10113:in El Salvador 10110: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10038:in Balochistan 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9995: 9990: 9988:in Afghanistan 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9923:Atrocity crime 9919: 9917: 9913: 9912: 9909: 9908: 9906: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9861: 9855: 9851: 9850: 9848: 9847: 9842: 9836: 9834: 9830: 9829: 9826: 9825: 9823: 9822: 9816: 9814: 9810: 9809: 9807: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9785: 9783: 9779: 9778: 9776: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9754: 9748: 9743: 9740: 9739: 9737: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9715: 9712: 9711: 9704: 9703: 9696: 9689: 9681: 9672: 9671: 9668: 9667: 9665: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9628: 9625: 9624: 9610: 9609: 9606: 9605: 9603: 9602: 9601: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9582: 9577: 9576: 9575: 9570: 9568:Social Charter 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9542: 9541: 9540: 9529: 9526: 9525: 9513: 9512: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9439: 9436: 9435: 9421: 9420: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9413: 9407: 9402: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9375: 9369: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9342: 9337: 9331: 9328: 9327: 9315: 9314: 9307: 9306: 9299: 9292: 9284: 9275: 9274: 9271: 9270: 9268: 9267: 9260: 9253: 9247: 9241: 9235: 9225: 9219: 9213: 9203: 9196: 9193: 9192: 9182: 9181: 9178: 9177: 9175: 9174: 9168: 9161: 9155: 9149: 9139: 9133: 9120:(Mozambique), 9114: 9108: 9102: 9096: 9090: 9084: 9078: 9072: 9066: 9048: 9034:Fatiha Boudiaf 9018: 9008: 9002: 8996: 8986: 8980: 8978:Nelson Mandela 8970: 8963: 8957: 8951:Jacques Delors 8947: 8941: 8935: 8925: 8919: 8913: 8907: 8901: 8894: 8891: 8890: 8880: 8879: 8870: 8869: 8862: 8855: 8847: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8834: 8827: 8820: 8813: 8801: 8788: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8781: 8775: 8774:(Rio+20, 2012) 8769: 8763: 8758: 8752: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8730: 8725: 8717: 8712: 8704: 8702: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8641: 8639: 8633: 8632: 8630: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8528: 8527: 8522: 8520:Infrastructure 8517: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8450:Eco-capitalism 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8411: 8409: 8405: 8404: 8402: 8401: 8396: 8395: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8367:Sustainability 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8338: 8336: 8335:Accountability 8332: 8331: 8329: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8247: 8245: 8241: 8240: 8238: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8201: 8199: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8173: 8171: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8130: 8128: 8122: 8121: 8119: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8082: 8080: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8051: 8049: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8028: 8027: 8022: 8012: 8011: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7993:Sustainability 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7928:Anthropization 7924: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7881: 7879: 7873: 7872: 7870: 7869: 7864: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7851:Sustainability 7847: 7846: 7839: 7832: 7824: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7811: 7799: 7787: 7775: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7729: 7728: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7702: 7700: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7651: 7650: 7640: 7638:Cloud feedback 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7619: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7593: 7587: 7585: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7556: 7554: 7546: 7545: 7535: 7534: 7531: 7530: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7512: 7511: 7506: 7496: 7494:Kyoto Protocol 7491: 7485: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7475: 7470: 7469: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7448: 7446:Media coverage 7443: 7438: 7436:Climate spiral 7433: 7428: 7422: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7344: 7342: 7336: 7335: 7333: 7332: 7327: 7325:Public opinion 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7291: 7290: 7280: 7275: 7273:Climate action 7270: 7264: 7262: 7254: 7253: 7240: 7239: 7236: 7235: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7226: 7215: 7213: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7205: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7192: 7187: 7185:REDD and REDD+ 7182: 7177: 7169: 7164: 7162:Carbon farming 7159: 7158: 7157: 7152: 7142: 7136: 7134: 7126: 7125: 7123: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7106: 7105: 7095: 7089: 7087: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7023: 7022: 7012: 7007: 7001: 6999: 6989: 6988: 6976: 6975: 6972: 6971: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6908: 6906: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6896: 6894:Water security 6891: 6889:Water scarcity 6886: 6884:Urban flooding 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6845: 6844: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6823: 6822: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6776: 6775: 6770: 6759: 6757: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6732:Forest dieback 6729: 6724: 6719: 6718: 6717: 6706: 6704: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6669:Sea level rise 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6650: 6649: 6644: 6642:stratification 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6614: 6613: 6612: 6607: 6597: 6596: 6595: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6549: 6547: 6539: 6538: 6526: 6525: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6518: 6517: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6452: 6449: 6448: 6438: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6426: 6421: 6420: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6407:Carbon leakage 6404: 6399: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6373: 6371: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6363: 6358: 6348: 6346:Climate system 6342: 6340: 6332: 6331: 6319: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6271: 6270: 6267:Climate change 6263: 6262: 6255: 6248: 6240: 6234: 6233: 6228: 6214: 6213:External links 6211: 6210: 6209: 6203: 6188: 6182: 6165: 6162: 6159: 6158: 6127: 6093: 6060: 6029: 5998: 5967: 5954:United Nations 5941: 5915: 5884: 5852: 5819: 5786:(3): 307–321. 5766: 5736: 5702: 5671: 5640: 5612: 5581: 5553: 5528: 5517:on 30 May 2016 5495: 5466:(3): 180–182. 5446: 5416: 5389: 5377:Production Gap 5364: 5343: 5331:United Nations 5312: 5286: 5205: 5169: 5089: 5032: 4951: 4915: 4882: 4862: 4831: 4777: 4747: 4716: 4691: 4627: 4604: 4576: 4563: 4550: 4528: 4505: 4470: 4459: 4450: 4432: 4421: 4410: 4399: 4388: 4365: 4327: 4316: 4291: 4257: 4217: 4186: 4183:. 4 June 2024. 4172: 4146: 4103:Climate Policy 4089: 4056: 4019: 3986: 3953: 3922: 3891: 3874:Globe and Mail 3860: 3829:(2): 142–150. 3809: 3774: 3739: 3708: 3673: 3661: 3656:Article 4(9), 3649: 3634: 3557: 3535: 3501: 3494: 3478:Andrew Dessler 3469: 3418: 3411: 3395:Andrew Dessler 3386: 3303: 3269: 3239: 3209: 3192:The Tennessean 3178: 3123: 3090: 3059: 3028: 3009: 2979: 2955: 2945: 2919: 2896: 2846: 2815: 2784: 2754: 2745: 2709: 2698:on 16 May 2017 2671: 2654:United Nations 2641: 2616: 2585: 2582:. p. 363. 2570: 2536: 2500: 2470: 2436: 2377: 2346: 2316: 2286: 2255: 2224: 2217: 2197: 2171: 2124: 2093: 2062: 2008: 1977: 1947: 1911: 1877: 1844: 1815: 1784: 1747: 1712: 1669: 1643: 1605: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1591: 1585: 1582:Climate target 1579: 1573: 1566: 1565: 1551: 1537: 1523: 1507: 1504: 1475:Dilma Rousseff 1458: 1455: 1419: 1416: 1367:Main article: 1364: 1361: 1331:Main article: 1328: 1325: 1310:sea level rise 1294:Main article: 1291: 1288: 1230: 1227: 1197: 1185: 1177: 1174: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1094:Laurent Fabius 1073: 1038: 1037:Implementation 1035: 1018: 1015: 995:Paragraphs 6.4 991: 988: 985: 984: 982: 979: 975: 974: 972: 969: 965: 964: 962: 959: 955: 954: 952: 949: 945: 944: 942: 939: 935: 934: 932: 929: 925: 924: 922: 919: 915: 914: 912: 909: 905: 904: 901: 898: 882:Paragraphs 6.2 878: 875: 857: 854: 830: 827: 819:name and shame 765:Main article: 762: 759: 705: 702: 700: 697: 673:United Nations 661:Main article: 658: 655: 620: 617: 605:Dilma Rousseff 581:Main article: 578: 575: 529: 526: 497:Main article: 491:Laurent Fabius 489:Movie showing 470: 467: 438:greenhouse gas 434:Kyoto Protocol 414: 411: 397: 394: 370: 367: 347:European Union 328:Kyoto Protocol 293:pre-industrial 242:climate change 224: 223: 208: 207: 203: 202: 200: 199: 196: 193: 190: 187: 184: 180: 178: 174: 173: 168: 164: 163: 156: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 140: 136: 135: 122: 118: 117: 111: 107: 106: 93: 89: 88: 78: 74: 73: 66: 60: 54: 48: 47: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11629: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10587:2015 in Paris 10585: 10583: 10580: 10579: 10577: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10533: 10531: 10527: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10443:in Uzbekistan 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10333:in the Russia 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10213:in Kazakhstan 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10043:in Bangladesh 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10028:in Azerbaijan 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9960: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9920: 9918: 9914: 9904: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9894:South America 9892: 9890: 9888: 9887:North America 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9862: 9859: 9856: 9852: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9833:Organizations 9831: 9821: 9818: 9817: 9815: 9811: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9786: 9784: 9780: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9755: 9752: 9749: 9741: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9716: 9713: 9709: 9702: 9697: 9695: 9690: 9688: 9683: 9682: 9679: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9629: 9626: 9622: 9621: 9615: 9611: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9585: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9545: 9543: 9539: 9536: 9535: 9534: 9531: 9530: 9527: 9523: 9518: 9514: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9440: 9437: 9433: 9432: 9426: 9422: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9379: 9376: 9373: 9370: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9332: 9329: 9325: 9320: 9316: 9312: 9305: 9300: 9298: 9293: 9291: 9286: 9285: 9282: 9265: 9261: 9258: 9254: 9252: 9248: 9246: 9242: 9240: 9236: 9234: 9230: 9226: 9224: 9220: 9218: 9214: 9212: 9208: 9204: 9202: 9198: 9197: 9194: 9187: 9183: 9173: 9169: 9166: 9162: 9160: 9156: 9154: 9150: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9138: 9134: 9131: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9113: 9109: 9107: 9103: 9101: 9097: 9095: 9091: 9089: 9085: 9083: 9079: 9077: 9073: 9071: 9067: 9065: 9061: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9047: 9043: 9039: 9035: 9031: 9027: 9023: 9019: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9007: 9003: 9001: 8997: 8995: 8994:Yasser Arafat 8991: 8990:Yitzhak Rabin 8987: 8985: 8981: 8979: 8975: 8971: 8968: 8964: 8962: 8958: 8956: 8952: 8948: 8946: 8942: 8940: 8936: 8934: 8930: 8926: 8924: 8923:Raúl Alfonsín 8920: 8918: 8914: 8912: 8908: 8906: 8902: 8900: 8896: 8895: 8892: 8885: 8881: 8876: 8868: 8863: 8861: 8856: 8854: 8849: 8848: 8845: 8833: 8832: 8828: 8826: 8825: 8821: 8819: 8818: 8814: 8812: 8811: 8802: 8800: 8799: 8790: 8789: 8786: 8779: 8776: 8773: 8770: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8756: 8755:Earth Charter 8753: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8722: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8706: 8705: 8703: 8697: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8645:Environmental 8643: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8634: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8577:Refurbishment 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8567:Organizations 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8512: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8480:Green economy 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8465:Eco-socialism 8463: 8461: 8460:Eco-investing 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8445:Disinvestment 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8412: 8410: 8406: 8400: 8397: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8369: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8333: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8266:Marine energy 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8242: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8220:Cultured meat 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8202: 8200: 8198: 8194: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8174: 8172: 8170: 8166: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8123: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8077: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8052: 8050: 8048: 8044: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8017: 8016: 8013: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7995: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7978:Simple living 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7925: 7923: 7921: 7917: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7874: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7859: 7856: 7852: 7845: 7840: 7838: 7833: 7831: 7826: 7825: 7822: 7810: 7809: 7800: 7798: 7797: 7788: 7786: 7785: 7776: 7774: 7773: 7762: 7761: 7758: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7711:Climate model 7709: 7707: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7697: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7649: 7646: 7645: 7644: 7643:Cloud forcing 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7598: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7582: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7540: 7536: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7501: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7474: 7471: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7418:Communication 7415: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7398:Vulnerability 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7368:Flood control 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7337: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7289: 7286: 7285: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7245: 7241: 7225: 7222: 7221: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7210: 7204: 7201: 7198: 7195: 7191: 7190:reforestation 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7175:afforestation 7173: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7147: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7127: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7110:Nuclear power 7108: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7084: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7021: 7018: 7017: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7005:Carbon budget 7003: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6981: 6977: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6901: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6843: 6842:Mental health 6840: 6839: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6774: 6773:United States 6771: 6769: 6766: 6765: 6764: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6754: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6711: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6701: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6627:deoxygenation 6625: 6623: 6622:acidification 6620: 6619: 6618: 6615: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6601: 6598: 6594: 6591: 6590: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6531: 6527: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6453: 6450: 6443: 6439: 6425: 6422: 6418: 6417:from wetlands 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6377:Deforestation 6375: 6374: 6372: 6368: 6362: 6359: 6356: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6324: 6320: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6286: 6283: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6261: 6256: 6254: 6249: 6247: 6242: 6241: 6238: 6232: 6229: 6226: 6221: 6217: 6216: 6206: 6200: 6196: 6195: 6189: 6185: 6179: 6175: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6131: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6102:Harvey, Fiona 6097: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6067: 6065: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6033: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6002: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5971: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5929: 5925: 5919: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5888: 5872: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5856: 5837: 5830: 5823: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5770: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5740: 5729: 5725: 5718: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5695: 5691: 5690:Climate Focus 5684: 5678: 5676: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5644: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5585: 5574: 5570: 5563: 5557: 5542: 5538: 5532: 5513: 5506: 5503:OECD (2015). 5499: 5491: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5450: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5404: 5400: 5393: 5378: 5374: 5373:"2021 Report" 5368: 5360: 5353: 5347: 5332: 5325: 5319: 5317: 5300: 5293: 5291: 5283: 5278: 5272: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5209: 5193: 5189: 5188: 5183: 5179: 5178:Mooney, Chris 5173: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5107: 5103: 5102:Höhne, Niklas 5099: 5098:Rogelj, Joeri 5093: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5036: 5029: 5027: 5022: 5015: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4955: 4936: 4932: 4925: 4919: 4911: 4905: 4889: 4885: 4879: 4875: 4874: 4866: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4835: 4827: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4802:(8): 083006. 4801: 4797: 4793: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4751: 4735: 4732:(in French). 4731: 4727: 4720: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4634: 4632: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4608: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4573: 4567: 4560: 4554: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4518: 4517: 4509: 4490: 4483: 4482: 4474: 4468: 4463: 4454: 4448: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4430: 4425: 4419: 4414: 4408: 4403: 4397: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4369: 4350: 4343: 4342: 4334: 4332: 4325: 4320: 4305: 4301: 4295: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4264: 4262: 4242: 4238: 4231: 4224: 4222: 4210: 4206: 4199: 4193: 4191: 4182: 4176: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4153: 4151: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4093: 4074: 4067: 4060: 4041: 4037: 4030: 4023: 4007: 4003: 4002: 3997: 3990: 3974: 3970: 3969: 3964: 3957: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3926: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3895: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3864: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3813: 3794: 3787: 3786: 3778: 3759: 3752: 3751: 3743: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3712: 3693: 3686: 3685: 3677: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3639: 3631: 3626: 3620: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3561: 3553: 3549: 3542: 3540: 3528: 3521: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3497: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3473: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3437: 3429: 3422: 3414: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3390: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3314: 3307: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3276: 3274: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3243: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3213: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3182: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3127: 3111: 3107: 3106: 3101: 3094: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3063: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3032: 3026: 3022: 3019: 3013: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2983: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2949: 2933: 2929: 2923: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2905: 2900: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2853: 2851: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2819: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2788: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2758: 2752:Article 21(1) 2749: 2730: 2726: 2719: 2713: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2681: 2675: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2645: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2627: 2620: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2589: 2581: 2574: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2543: 2541: 2521: 2517: 2510: 2504: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2474: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2445:Harvey, Fiona 2440: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2381: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2350: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2320: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2290: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2259: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2228: 2220: 2214: 2210: 2209: 2201: 2185: 2181: 2175: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2128: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2097: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2066: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2015: 2013: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1981: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1951: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1918: 1916: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1884: 1882: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1851: 1849: 1833: 1829: 1822: 1820: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1788: 1780: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1754: 1752: 1732: 1725: 1719: 1717: 1697: 1693: 1686: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1657: 1653: 1647: 1631: 1627: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1606: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1563: 1557: 1552: 1549: 1543: 1538: 1535: 1534:France portal 1524: 1521: 1515: 1510: 1503: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1479:Narendra Modi 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1454: 1451: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1425: 1415: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1398: 1396: 1395: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1377: 1370: 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