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278:. Wikisource is the name of the project as a whole; it is also the name for each instance of that project, one for each language. The project's aim is to host all forms of free text, in many languages, and translations. Originally conceived as an archive to store useful or important historical texts, it has expanded to become a general-content library. The project officially began on November 24, 2003, under the name
402:. Two votes conducted to choose a successor were inconclusive, and the original logo remained until 2006. Finally, for both legal and technical reasons—because the picture's license was inappropriate for a Wikimedia Foundation logo and because a photo cannot scale properly—a stylized vector iceberg inspired by the original picture was mandated to serve as the project's logo.
356:", soon clarifying the statement with "we don't want to try to duplicate Project Gutenberg's efforts; rather, we want to complement them. Perhaps Project Sourceberg can mainly work as an interface for easily linking from Knowledge to a Project Gutenberg file, and as an interface for people to easily submit new work to PG." Initial comments were skeptical, with
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of texts. On
Wikisource, the annotations are supplementary to the original text, which remains the primary objective of the project. By contrast, on Wikibooks the annotations are primary, with the original text as only a reference or supplement, if present at all. Annotated editions are more popular
474:
This system assists editors in ensuring the accuracy of texts on
Wikisource. The original page scans of completed works remain available to any user so that errors may be corrected later and readers may check texts against the originals. ProofreadPage also allows greater participation, since access
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Within two weeks of the project's official start at sources.wikipedia.org, over 1,000 pages had been created, with approximately 200 of these being designated as actual articles. On
January 4, 2004, Wikisource welcomed its 100th registered user. In early July, 2004 the number of articles exceeded
365:
adding "like Larry, I'm interested that we think it over to see what we can add to
Project Gutenberg. It seems unlikely that primary sources should in general be editable by anyone — I mean, Shakespeare is Shakespeare, unlike our commentary on his work, which is whatever we want it to be."
385:
Project
Sourceberg officially launched on November 24, 2003, when it received its own temporary URL, at sources.wikipedia.org, and all texts and discussions hosted on ps.wikipedia.org were moved to the temporary address. A vote on the project's name changed it to Wikisource on December 6, 2003.
1146:
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660:). At this point the Wikisource community, through a mass project of manually sorting thousands of pages and categories by language, prepared for a second wave of page imports to local wikis. On September 11, 2005, the wikisource.org wiki was reconfigured to enable the
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As of
September 2024, there are Wikisource subdomains for 79 languages of which 77 are active and 2 are closed. The active sites have 6,173,332 articles and the closed sites have 13 articles. There are 4,953,680 registered users of which 2,767 are recently active.
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articles, by providing primary evidence and original source texts, and as an archive in its own right. The collection was initially focused on important historical and cultural material, distinguishing it from other digital archives like
Project Gutenberg.
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extension called
ProofreadPage was developed for Wikisource by developer ThomasV to improve the vetting of transcriptions by the project. This displays pages of scanned works side by side with the text relating to that page, allowing the text to be
305:. Verification was initially made offline, or by trusting the reliability of other digital libraries. Now works are supported by online scans via the ProofreadPage extension, which ensures the reliability and accuracy of the project's texts.
591:. The requirement for prior publication can also be waived in a small number of cases if the work is a source document of notable historical importance. The legal requirement for works to be licensed or free of copyright remains constant.
563:
previously published texts; including novels, non-fiction works, letters, speeches, constitutional and historical documents, laws and a range of other documents. All texts collected are either free of copyright or released under the
369:
The project began its activity at ps.wikipedia.org. The contributors understood the "PS" subdomain to mean either "primary sources" or
Project Sourceberg. However, this resulted in Project Sourceberg occupying the subdomain of the
664:, along with 8 other languages that were created early that morning and late the night before. Three more languages were created on March 29, 2006, and then another large wave of 14 language domains was created on June 2, 2006.
313:. Some Wikisources allow user-generated annotations, subject to the specific policies of the Wikisource in question. The project has come under criticism for lack of reliability but it is also cited by organisations such as the
1217:(NARA) as part of their efforts "to increase the accessibility and visibility of its holdings." Processing and upload to Commons of these documents, along with many images from the NARA collection, was facilitated by a NARA
1090:
As a language incubator, the wiki currently provides a home for over 30 languages that do not yet have their own language subdomains. Some of these are very active, and have built libraries with hundreds of texts (such as
360:
questioning the need for the project, writing "The hard question, I guess, is why we are reinventing the wheel, when
Project Gutenberg already exists? We'd want to complement Project Gutenberg—how, exactly?", and
308:
Some individual Wikisources, each representing a specific language, now only allow works backed up with scans. While the bulk of its collection are texts, Wikisource as a whole hosts other media, from comics to film to
2071:
413:, when it was redesigned based upon the Knowledge portal on August 27, 2005, (historical version). As in the Knowledge portal the Wikisource slogan appears around the logo in the project's ten largest languages.
351:
over their inclusion or deletion. Project Sourceberg was suggested as a solution to this. In describing the proposed project, user The Cunctator said, "It would be to Project Gutenberg what Knowledge is to
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1435:
1405:
1576:
Bernier, Alex; Burger, Dominique; Marmol, Bruno (2010). "Wiki, a New Way to Produce Accessible Documents". In Miesenberger, Klaus; Klaus, Joachim; Zagler, Wolfgang; Karshmer, Arthur (eds.).
1221:, Dominic McDevitt-Parks. Many of these documents have been transcribed and proofread by the Wikisource community and are featured as links in the National Archives' own online catalog.
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An initial wave of 14 languages was set up on August 23, 2005. The new languages did not include English, but the code en: was temporarily set to redirect to the main website (
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In practice, use of the website for multilingual coordination has not been heavy since the conversion to language domains. Nevertheless, there is some policy activity at the
653:
that ended May 12, 2005, supported the adoption of separate language subdomains at Wikisource by a large margin, allowing each language to host its texts on its own wiki.
1527:
1175:, has criticised the English Wikisource's project to create a user-generated translation of the Bible saying "Democratization isn't necessarily good for scholarship."
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A scanned source is preferred on many Wikisources and required on some. Most Wikisources will, however, accept works transcribed from offline sources or acquired from
2022:
488:
510:
passed 20,000 text-units in its third month of existence, already holding more texts than did the entire project in April (before the move to language subdomains).
503:
On April 30, 2005, there were 2667 registered users (including 18 administrators) and almost 19,000 articles. The project passed its 96,000th edit that same day.
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on the German Wikisource. The project also accommodates translations of texts provided by its users. A significant translation on the English Wikisource is the
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As of September 2024, there are Wikisource subdomains active for 77 languages comprising a total of 6,173,332 articles and 2,767 recently active editors.
1165:, because the collaborative nature and technology of these projects means there is no oversight by experts and therefore their content is not reliable.
53:
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digital library to French Wikisource. Fourteen hundred public domain French texts were added to the Wikisource library as a result via upload to the
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and its accuracy later verified independently by any other editor. Once a book, or other text, has been scanned, the raw images can be modified with
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555:. Green indicates the best possible case, where the work satisfies all three primary requirements. Yellow indicates acceptable but not ideal cases.
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Clicking on the portal's central images (the iceberg logo in the center and the "Wikisource" heading at the top of the page) links to a
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The idea of a project-specific coordination wiki, first realized at Wikisource, also took hold in another Wikimedia project, namely at
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To provide direct, ongoing support by a local wiki community for a dynamic multilingual portal at its Main Page, for users who go to
1125:. Like wikisource.org, it serves Wikiversity coordination in all languages, and as a language incubator, but unlike Wikisource, its
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The original concept for Wikisource was as storage for useful or important historical texts. These texts were intended to support
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to a physical copy of the original work is not necessary to be able to contribute to the project once images have been uploaded.
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To be a home for texts in languages without their own subdomains, each with its own local main page for self-organization.
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requested their own wikis, but a December vote on the creation of separate language domains was inconclusive. Finally, a
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The project was originally called Project Sourceberg during its planning stages (a play on words for Project Gutenberg).
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The only original pieces accepted by Wikisource are annotations and translations. Wikisource, and its sister project
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environment (Hebrew is written right-to-left). In the ensuing months, contributors in other languages including
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software to correct for page rotations and other problems. The retouched images can then be converted into a
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In 2001, there was a dispute on Knowledge regarding the addition of primary-source materials, leading to
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works. All texts held by Wikisource must have been previously published; the project does not host "
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Since Wikisource was initially called "Project Sourceberg", its first logo was a picture of an
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Languages without subdomains are locally incubated. As of September 2020, 182 languages are
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In 2011, the English Wikisource received many high-quality scans of documents from the US
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To be a multilingual coordination site for the entire Wikisource project in all languages.
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Server admin log for September 11, 2005, at 01:20 and below (September 10) at 22:49.
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During the move to language subdomains, the community requested that the main
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1080:, and multilingual updates for news and language milestones at pages such as
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website derived from the difficulty of typing and editing Hebrew texts in a
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On February 14, 2008, the English Wikisource passed 100,000 text-units with
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1206:. The quality of the transcriptions, previously automatically generated by
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Despite the change in name, the project did not move to its permanent URL (
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286:. The name Wikisource was adopted later that year and it received its own
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1210:(OCR), was expected to be improved by Wikisource's human proofreaders.
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website remain a functioning wiki, in order to serve three purposes:
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The top ten Wikisource language projects by mainspace article count:
613:
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301:; professionally published works or historical source documents, not
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1171:, a New Testament scholar and professor of religious studies at the
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1945:
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project, intended to create a new, "laissez-faire translation" of
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637:) was created in August 2004. The need for a language-specific
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1833:; a fifteenth language (sr:) was created on August 25 (above).
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Personal explanation of Wikisource from a project participant
2046:[Wikimedia France sign a partnership with the BnF].
539:
In November, 2011, 250,000 text-units milestone was passed.
3280:
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2788:
2698:
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2017:[BNF takes a collaborative turn with Wikisource].
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For a complete list with totals see Wikimedia Statistics:
595:
Annotations and translations – the difference to Wikibooks
2723:
2651:
2090:
McDevitt-Parks, Dominic; Waldman, Robin (July 25, 2011).
1670:
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1198:(National Library of France) to add scans from its own
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In 2010, Wikimedia France signed an agreement with the
2092:"Wikimedia and the new collaborative digital archives"
2072:"French National Library to cooperate with Wikisource"
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154:
Detail of the Wikisource multilingual portal main page
2089:
2015:"La BNF prend un virage collaboratif avec Wikisource"
1305:
Ayers, Phoebe; Matthews, Charles; Yates, Ben (2008).
1898:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
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A personal perspective on the history of Wikisource
2044:"Wikimédia France signe un partenariat avec la BnF"
1575:
584:" books or documents produced by its contributors.
1306:
1304:
1283:
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566:Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
1936:For an automatic list of local main pages, see
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1569:
500:2,400, and more than 500 users had registered.
405:The first prominent use of Wikisource's slogan—
293:The project holds works that are either in the
1741:. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 34–35.
1494:"Primary sources Pedia, or Project Sourceberg"
1461:"Primary sources Pedia, or Project Sourceberg"
1428:"Primary sources Pedia, or Project Sourceberg"
1398:"Primary sources Pedia, or Project Sourceberg"
1183:, identified errors in the translation of the
1161:has criticised Wikisource, and sister project
2667:
2631:Artificial intelligence in Wikimedia projects
2201:
1425:
1395:
551:Wikisource inclusion criteria expressed as a
2100:National Archives and Records Administration
2021:(in French). NetMediaEurope. April 8, 2010.
1958:
1765:Knowledge Reader's Guide: The Missing Manual
1566:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1215:National Archives and Records Administration
1191:
315:National Archives and Records Administration
3301:Comparison of Android ebook reader software
2180:Early discussions and plans for the project
2134:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1578:Computers Helping People with Special Needs
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1389:
1173:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1129:does not serve as its multilingual portal.
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2050:(in French). April 7, 2010. Archived from
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467:file and uploaded to either Wikisource or
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1704:"What is Wikisource?—What do we exclude?"
1631:. 14 February 2008. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
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1113:, who based it upon the Knowledge portal.
487:A student doing proof reading during her
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
19:For linking to or citing Wikisource, see
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1982:
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1615:at Wikisource.org. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
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3377:Internet properties established in 2003
3296:Comparison of iOS ebook reader software
1986:Knowledge: The Company and Its Founders
1856:"Server Admin Log/Archive 7 - March 29"
1797:
1732:
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3321:International Digital Publishing Forum
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52:Please improve this article by adding
2655:
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1881:"Server Admin Log/Archive 7 - June 2"
1488:
442:The ProofreadPage extension in action
1831:Server admin log for August 23, 2005
1800:"God's Word, According to Knowledge"
1736:
1725:
1345:from the original on 31 October 2013
25:
3367:Aggregation-based digital libraries
1812:from the original on April 16, 2009
1603:at MediaWiki. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
1109:was created on August 26, 2005, by
542:
13:
3276:Academic journal publishing reform
1983:Anderson, Jennifer Joline (2011).
1798:Philips, Matthew (June 14, 2008).
1382:Data:Knowledge statistics/data.tab
1279:Data:Knowledge statistics/meta.tab
559:Wikisource collects and stores in
393:
14:
3403:
2238:Knowledge community (Wikipedians)
2121:
1918:from the original on 13 July 2011
1060:
1940:; for a formatted list, see the
1380:. Retrieved September 2024 from
1339:"Transcribe | Citizen Archivist"
1277:. Retrieved September 2024 from
1194:Bibliothèque nationale de France
148:
134:
30:
2577:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
2106:from the original on 2011-09-13
2083:
2065:
2036:
2025:from the original on 2011-10-08
2007:
1976:
1965:from the original on 2010-08-12
1951:
1930:
1887:from the original on 2015-04-02
1873:
1862:from the original on 2015-04-02
1848:
1836:
1824:
1768:. O'Reilly Media, Inc. p.
1755:
1714:from the original on 2011-07-09
1696:
1685:from the original on 2011-07-13
1663:
1652:from the original on 2008-01-17
1634:
1618:
1606:
1594:
1555:from the original on 2013-11-10
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1530:from the original on 2013-10-15
1504:from the original on 2022-04-09
1471:from the original on 2022-04-09
1438:from the original on 2018-11-20
1408:from the original on 2016-03-14
1551:. Wikisource.org. 2005-08-27.
1515:
1482:
1449:
1419:
433:
1:
2147:Knowledge:List of Wikisources
1249:
1208:optical character recognition
529:Six Months at the White House
478:
54:secondary or tertiary sources
16:Free online library on a wiki
2641:Knowledge for World Heritage
2562:WikiConference North America
1580:. Springer. pp. 22–24.
1522:Starling, Tim (2004-07-23).
1426:The Cunctator (2001-10-16).
1396:The Cunctator (2001-10-16).
1313:. No Starch Press. pp.
1233:– non-profit digital library
1132:
619:
340:The original Wikisource logo
7:
3291:Comparison of ebook readers
2583:Wikimedia Foundation v. NSA
2279:Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight
1627:discussion on Scriptorium.
1224:
10:
3408:
2681:
2510:List of Wikimedia chapters
2152:Wikisource:For Wikipedians
534:Francis Bicknell Carpenter
506:On November 27, 2005, the
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3316:iBooks Author Conference
2164:Danny Wool on Wikisource
1762:Broughton, John (2008).
1601:Proofread Page extension
1177:Richard Elliott Friedman
263:is an online wiki-based
3013:Atlantis Word Processor
2953:OverDrive Media Console
2764:Barnes & Noble Nook
2425:Censorship of Knowledge
1906:"Wikisource Statistics"
1219:Wikimedian in residence
603:, has the capacity for
589:other digital libraries
516:first Wikisource Portal
390:) until July 23, 2004.
180:(77 active sub-domains)
2855:Adobe Digital Editions
2621:Wikimedian of the Year
2305:Hampton Lintorn-Catlin
1154:
556:
532:, a memoir by painter
496:
493:New Law College (Pune)
443:
409:—was at the project's
388:http://wikisource.org/
341:
238:; 20 years ago
236:November 24, 2003
41:relies excessively on
3382:Multilingual websites
3311:Electronic publishing
2054:on September 29, 2011
1181:University of Georgia
1157:Knowledge co-founder
1152:
1101:http://wikisource.org
550:
513:On May 10, 2006, the
486:
441:
339:
2809:Plastic Logic Reader
2636:Google and Knowledge
2557:WikiConference India
2217:Wikimedia Foundation
2168:Wikimedia Foundation
1737:Boot, Peter (2009).
1679:Wikimedia Foundation
1646:Wikimedia Foundation
419:list of translations
276:Wikimedia Foundation
189:Wikimedia Foundation
21:Knowledge:Wikisource
3346:Semantic publishing
3336:Reflowable document
3136:Amazon Kindle Store
1961:. Wikiversity.org.
1938:Category:Main Pages
1642:"Mission statement"
1309:How Knowledge Works
625:Language subdomains
411:multilingual portal
251:Current status
130:
3392:Wikimedia projects
3146:Barnes & Noble
2814:PocketBook eReader
2714:Kindle File Format
2615:Knowledge Monument
2505:Wikimedia movement
2487:Abstract Knowledge
2420:List of Wikipedias
2264:Dariusz Jemielniak
2259:Lisa Seitz-Gruwell
2077:Knowledge Signpost
1629:English Wikisource
1155:
605:annotated editions
557:
508:English Wikisource
497:
444:
342:
280:Project Sourceberg
128:
3354:
3353:
3264:
3263:
3234:Project Gutenberg
3193:Sony Reader Store
3141:Baen Free Library
3131:Apple Books Store
3076:Oxygen XML Editor
3056:iStudio Publisher
3042:Help & Manual
2976:
2975:
2903:Google Play Books
2869:
2649:
2648:
2437:Wikimedia Commons
2398:
2397:
2320:Florence Devouard
2269:Rebecca MacKinnon
2176:by Angela Beesley
2000:978-1-61714-812-5
1989:. ABDO. pp.
1959:"Wikiversity.org"
1946:Wikisource portal
1779:978-0-596-52174-5
1748:978-90-8555-052-5
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1204:Wikimedia Commons
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67: –
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61:Find sources:
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39:This article
37:
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28:
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3387:Proofreading
3255:
3214:Aozora Bunko
3176:Google Books
3071:MadCap Flare
2819:Rocket eBook
2799:Kobo eReader
2794:iRiver Story
2774:Elonex ebook
2613:
2608:The Signpost
2606:
2581:
2456:
2375:Larry Sanger
2355:Guy Kawasaki
2157:
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2125:
2108:. Retrieved
2095:
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2056:. Retrieved
2052:the original
2047:
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2018:
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1922:11 September
1920:. Retrieved
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1889:. Retrieved
1883:. Wikitech.
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1858:. Wikitech.
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1707:
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1671:"Wikisource"
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1557:. Retrieved
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1517:
1506:. Retrieved
1490:Wales, Jimmy
1484:
1473:. Retrieved
1451:
1440:. Retrieved
1421:
1410:. Retrieved
1378:API:Siteinfo
1347:. Retrieved
1333:
1308:
1243:Open Library
1212:
1199:
1189:
1187:as of 2008.
1167:
1159:Larry Sanger
1156:
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1105:The current
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178:Multilingual
163:Type of site
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65:"Wikisource"
60:
40:
3171:Google Play
3106:Writer2epub
3091:QuarkXPress
3066:LibreOffice
3038:eXeLearning
2968:Sumatra PDF
2963:STDU Viewer
2865:Apple Books
2829:Smartphones
2704:FictionBook
2552:Wiki Indaba
2520:Deutschland
2472:Wikiversity
2462:Wikispecies
2370:Erik Möller
2340:Mike Godwin
2330:Sue Gardner
2289:Jimmy Wales
1119:Wikiversity
1078:Scriptorium
869:14,587,717
767:14,508,861
651:second vote
629:A separate
578:spoken-word
434:Tools built
363:Jimmy Wales
288:domain name
3361:Categories
3256:Wikisource
3224:HathiTrust
3219:Faded Page
3198:Smashwords
3156:BookWalker
3124:Commercial
2908:Kindle app
2729:Plain text
2719:Mobipocket
2572:Litigation
2515:Bangladesh
2477:Wikivoyage
2457:Wikisource
2432:Wiktionary
2390:Luis Villa
2127:Wikisource
2110:2011-09-29
2058:2011-09-29
2029:2011-09-29
2019:ITespresso
1969:2011-07-05
1891:2011-07-05
1866:2011-07-05
1718:2011-07-08
1689:2011-07-08
1656:2011-07-08
1559:2011-07-05
1534:2011-07-05
1508:2012-03-24
1475:2012-03-24
1442:2012-03-24
1412:2011-07-05
1250:References
1163:Wiktionary
1005:3,403,076
971:2,885,062
968:1,650,859
923:Ukrainian
903:2,427,383
900:1,115,008
866:4,295,161
835:4,411,486
801:5,181,773
798:1,092,092
773:3,141,670
764:4,429,189
761:1,068,086
733:3,679,380
730:1,195,489
727:1,157,115
610:Wiki Bible
479:Milestones
424:Wikisource
382:is "ps").
311:audiobooks
261:Wikisource
243:2003-11-24
217:Commercial
208:wikisource
145:Screenshot
129:Wikisource
76:newspapers
43:references
3239:Australia
3183:Jarir.com
3161:Feedbooks
3151:Booktrack
3096:Scrivener
3008:Aquafadas
2958:Snapplify
2873:Aquafadas
2804:Onyx Boox
2567:MediaWiki
2547:Wikimania
2452:Wikibooks
2447:Wikiquote
2410:Knowledge
2170:article).
1911:Meta-Wiki
1498:Knowledge
1465:Knowledge
1432:Knowledge
1402:Knowledge
1375:MediaWiki
1371:Wikimedia
1349:4 October
1272:MediaWiki
1268:Wikimedia
1133:Reception
1127:Main Page
1123:Beta Wiki
620:Structure
614:The Bible
601:Wikibooks
453:proofread
448:MediaWiki
349:edit wars
330:Knowledge
3081:PagePlus
3046:HelpNDoc
3018:Booktype
2893:FBReader
2868:(iBooks)
2843:Software
2824:SoftBook
2467:Wikinews
2442:Wikidata
2403:Projects
2231:Projects
2104:Archived
2023:Archived
1963:Archived
1916:Archived
1885:Archived
1860:Archived
1842:See the
1810:Archived
1805:Newsweek
1739:Mesotext
1712:Archived
1683:Archived
1650:Archived
1553:Archived
1528:Archived
1502:Archived
1469:Archived
1436:Archived
1406:Archived
1343:Archived
1225:See also
1039:507,179
1036:236,470
1002:794,849
999:201,444
991:Italian
965:246,370
937:778,807
934:402,727
931:253,564
909:109,355
897:467,854
889:Chinese
875:149,355
863:552,524
832:629,252
829:576,000
807:123,140
795:623,372
787:Russian
753:English
687:Language
233:Launched
228:Optional
3269:Related
3116:Vendors
3023:Calibre
2993:AbiWord
2981:Editing
2933:Lucifox
2898:Foliate
2888:Calibre
2834:Tablets
2769:Bookeen
2751:Devices
2743:Reading
2709:CBR/CBZ
2691:Formats
2600:Related
2540:Ukraine
2415:history
2247:Current
1315:435–436
1200:Gallica
1111:ThomasV
1093:Volapük
1045:68,211
1033:84,214
1025:Arabic
1011:73,689
977:40,668
957:Hebrew
943:18,119
855:French
841:84,607
821:German
813:33,026
779:16,222
739:38,394
719:Polish
489:project
400:iceberg
378:of the
354:Nupedia
324:History
241: (
90:scholar
3244:Canada
3166:Google
2948:Okular
2923:Lector
2913:Kitabu
2860:Aldiko
2683:Ebooks
2530:Polska
2525:Israel
2224:People
2182:(Meta)
1997:
1776:
1745:
1625:"100K"
1584:
1321:
1237:Libgen
1051:4,043
881:3,663
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702:Admins
647:German
639:Hebrew
570:comics
495:India
254:Online
92:
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3281:Books
3101:Sigil
3086:Pages
3061:LaTeX
2943:MuPDF
2928:Lektz
2498:Other
1991:92–93
705:Users
699:Edits
696:Total
574:films
374:(the
185:Owner
97:JSTOR
83:books
3331:OPDS
2918:Kobo
2878:Blio
2789:iPad
2699:ePub
2298:Past
1995:ISBN
1924:2020
1818:2011
1774:ISBN
1743:ISBN
1582:ISBN
1351:2013
1319:ISBN
1017:760
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949:135
915:231
912:125
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2734:IBA
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