341:
66:
1322:
78:
329:
130:
316:" (official translation: 'Greater Paris metropolitan authority'), a Paris-centred intercommunal cooperation effort enacted from January 1, 2016. The territory it covers is much smaller than the INSEE 'Paris metropolitan area' statistical area: it includes Paris, its neighbouring three departments (or '
308:
are still referenced for this — though the media will employ it when referring to the electoral tendencies of France's largest cities. In 2010 the government passed a law that invited France's largest city 'metropoles' to work together as an intercommunitary entities (more or less described by the
721:
405:(municipalities) surrounding Paris are included when they meet the commuter threshold required. At the 1968 census, the earliest date for which population figures were retrospectively computed for French
309:
INSEE concept), but the lack of response by the following year moved the government to make the cooperation for many of France's largest cities obligatory, and Paris became a case study all on its own.
295:
In France, use of the term 'Paris metropolitan area' is limited to demographic and statistical studies, and, to date, it is not used in economic statistics — the traditional administrative subdivisions
579:
254:
2116:
728:
1123:
924:
280:(literally: 'urban area') was a statistical unit that described the suburban development around centres of urban growth. In 2011, the INSEE reclassified its largest
916:
412:
By the 1999 census the Paris metropolitan area was slightly larger than ĂŽle-de-France and had 11,174,743 inhabitants in 14,518 km. At the 2010 revision, the
2109:
1311:
823:
355:
metropolitan area covers 1,929 communes. With its 18,941 km (7,313 sq mi), it extends significantly beyond Paris' administrative
2102:
65:
1118:
594:
409:, the Paris metropolitan area had 8,368,459 inhabitants in an area that only encompassed 279 communes in central ĂŽle-de-France.
2474:
1304:
1957:
2415:
276:
Created and used from 1996 by France's national INSEE statistical bureau to match international demographic standards, the
340:
265:). A functional area consists of an urban cluster and the surrounding commuting zone. This concept is consistent with the
1108:
696:
401:
The Paris metropolitan area expands at each population census due to the rapid population growth in the Paris area. New
2290:
604:
520:
1297:
898:
2156:
951:
805:
1374:
663:
2400:
362:(12,012 km (4,638 sq mi)). Outside the ĂŽle-de-France region, it covers part of the departments
2425:
2410:
2042:
424:
The area had a population of 13,064,617 as of 2018. Nearly 20% of France's population resides in the region.
2464:
2372:
1787:
1369:
1236:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1672:
1231:
2469:
2233:
1752:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
996:
991:
986:
981:
854:
2430:
2218:
2170:
886:
827:
2435:
2352:
2208:
2151:
1977:
1096:
778:
2243:
2032:
1827:
1697:
1199:
1152:
1130:
971:
496:
444:
292:('large urban areas'). With this change, the Paris metropolitan area became the largest in France.
258:
234:
122:
1566:
317:
2479:
1682:
1617:
1481:
1189:
824:"Comparateur de territoire: Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Paris (001), ĂŽle-de-France (11)"
642:"An administrative segmentation of French territory: 12 metropolitan areas, 29 large urban areas"
332:
Map showing the extent of the Paris metropolitan area at the 1999 census, when it included 1,584
2094:
1289:
2390:
2342:
2126:
1852:
1491:
1456:
753:
1952:
1892:
1757:
1702:
1113:
212:
1802:
1772:
1511:
1390:
2253:
1887:
1571:
1435:
1364:
2213:
1637:
8:
2266:
2195:
2175:
1902:
1767:
1647:
1521:
1405:
1211:
944:
262:
82:
Map showing the extent of the Paris metropolitan area as of 2020, when it included 1,929
1817:
1667:
1506:
2185:
2146:
2052:
2007:
1747:
1516:
1325:
1216:
1184:
1179:
1164:
627:
561:
547:
402:
383:
333:
83:
2280:
2022:
1972:
1912:
1897:
1867:
1807:
1662:
1551:
1173:
600:
428:
359:
266:
172:
56:
2062:
1091:
1967:
1872:
1692:
1657:
1531:
1496:
1400:
1243:
1206:
1194:
1169:
1159:
1147:
1135:
869:
1273:
501:
356:
26:
This article is about the statistical area. For the administrative structure, see
2047:
1942:
1832:
1792:
1461:
1440:
1430:
1321:
899:Évolution et structure de la population en 2010: Aire urbaine 2010 de Paris (001)
697:"LOI n° 2010-1563 du 16 décembre 2010 de réforme des collectivités territoriales"
226:
115: Peripheral commune of a functional area with less than 200,000 inhabitants
2332:
1556:
1541:
1536:
1526:
1248:
1140:
937:
641:
596:
Histoire-Géographie Éducation civique 3e - Prépabrevet Cours & entraînement
576:"En France, neuf personnes sur dix vivent dans l'aire d'attraction d'une ville"
575:
521:"Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions"
391:
1221:
20:
2458:
2228:
2190:
1777:
1687:
1632:
1395:
873:
2271:
2037:
1982:
1877:
1822:
1707:
1581:
1101:
976:
375:
257:
statistical bureau introduced the concept "aire d'attraction d'une ville" (
1732:
2319:
2027:
1947:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1862:
1847:
1607:
1263:
491:
344:
313:
27:
2295:
1797:
1612:
1415:
1359:
1226:
208:
52:
1742:
1420:
2362:
2337:
2161:
2057:
1882:
1857:
1591:
1576:
203:
2420:
2377:
2347:
2315:
2305:
2275:
2248:
2180:
2012:
1987:
1917:
1812:
1727:
1622:
1425:
1410:
270:
77:
328:
2405:
2285:
2238:
2223:
2124:
2002:
1992:
1962:
1922:
1782:
1717:
1486:
1466:
1319:
2367:
2310:
2165:
2067:
2017:
1997:
1907:
1842:
1737:
1677:
1652:
1642:
1627:
1586:
1561:
1501:
1278:
379:
242:
135:
2395:
2300:
1837:
1762:
1722:
1712:
1546:
1476:
1471:
1343:
960:
395:
363:
352:
238:
145:
320:'), and a few bordering communes in the departments beyond.
443:) surrounding it. (Note: the area shown in red and pink in
387:
371:
367:
237:
that describes the reach of commuter movement to and from
917:
427:
The table below shows the population growth of the Paris
929:
925:
70:
Paris, the most populated city in the metropolitan area
746:
771:
593:Joubert, Guillaume; Lebrun, Vanessa (Jul 2, 2014).
727:(in French). May 2014. p. 1.1. Archived from
347:satellite image of the Parisian metropolitan area.
2456:
806:Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Paris (001)
826:(in French). INSEE. 2022-01-17. Archived from
2110:
1305:
945:
592:
754:"MĂ©tropole du Grand Paris - English version"
722:"Affirmation des Metropoles et Grand Paris"
2117:
2103:
1312:
1298:
952:
938:
33:Metropolis and metropolitan area in France
848:
846:
844:
818:
816:
814:
855:"Mesurer un univers urbain en expansion"
542:
540:
339:
327:
261:), replacing the former "aire urbaine" (
2457:
852:
841:
811:
801:
799:
656:
161:18,941 km (7,313 sq mi)
2098:
1293:
933:
586:
537:
880:
664:"Un maillage du territoire français"
634:
312:This latter initiative created the "
288:(literally: metropolitan areas) and
796:
13:
599:(in French). Hatier. p. 117.
351:As of 2022, the INSEE statistical
14:
2491:
907:
480:(1,929 communes; 18,941 km²)
474:(1,751 communes; 17,194 km²)
468:(1,584 communes; 14,518 km²)
1320:
887:Aire urbaine 2010 de Paris (001)
462:(1,155 communes; 9,679 km²)
128:
76:
64:
892:
714:
182: • Metro density
689:
620:
568:
554:
548:"Definition: Functional areas"
513:
103: Secondary urban cluster
1:
507:
419:
416:of Paris had 1,751 communes.
245:and its surrounding suburbs.
2475:Metropolitan areas of France
97: Primary urban cluster
86:and covered 18,941 km.
7:
562:"Definition: Urban cluster"
485:
253:In 2020, France's national
248:
10:
2496:
564:. INSEE. 19 February 2020.
550:. INSEE. 18 February 2021.
497:Functional areas of France
231:aire d'attraction de Paris
44:aire d'attraction de Paris
25:
18:
2133:
2127:most-populous urban areas
2076:
1958:Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois
1600:
1449:
1383:
1352:
1337:Population over 2 million
1336:
1259:
1087:
967:
959:
853:Julien, Philippe (2000).
630:. INSEE. 13 October 2016.
439:) and the commuter belt (
323:
202:
194:
189:
185:690/km (1,800/sq mi)
181:
170:
165:
157:
152:
141:
121:
109: Peripheral commune
75:
63:
50:
38:
2388:
2330:
2264:
2206:
2033:Villeneuve-Saint-Georges
1698:Conflans-Sainte-Honorine
783:MĂ©tropole du Grand Paris
758:MĂ©tropole du Grand Paris
628:"Definition: Urban area"
478:2018 : 13,064,617
472:2010 : 12,223,100
466:1999 : 11,174,743
460:1990 : 10,291,851
435:), i.e. the urban area (
314:MĂ©tropole du Grand Paris
28:MĂ©tropole du Grand Paris
19:Not to be confused with
2077:Population under 25,000
1683:Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt
1353:Population over 100,000
1330:Paris metropolitan area
1269:Paris metropolitan area
874:10.3406/estat.2000.7508
862:Économie et statistique
779:"Carte des territoires"
223:Paris metropolitan area
40:Paris metropolitan area
16:French statistical area
1853:Montigny-le-Bretonneux
1601:Population over 25,000
1450:Population over 50,000
1384:Population over 75,000
457:1982 : 9,362,000
454:1975 : 9,096,000
451:1968 : 8,368,459
348:
337:
336:and covered 14,518 km.
290:grandes aires urbaines
230:
91: Central commune
1953:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
1893:Pierrefitte-sur-Seine
1703:Cormeilles-en-Parisis
1567:Saint-Maur-des-Fossés
343:
331:
286:aires métropolitaines
267:functional urban area
198:€764.8 billion (2021)
2084:1,792 other communes
1888:Le Perreux-sur-Marne
1572:Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine
1365:Boulogne-Billancourt
441:couronne périurbaine
2465:Geography of France
1903:Le Plessis-Robinson
1768:La Garenne-Colombes
1648:Bussy-Saint-Georges
1522:Issy-les-Moulineaux
1406:Champigny-sur-Marne
2470:Geography of Paris
2139:
2053:Villiers-sur-Marne
2008:Tremblay-en-France
1773:Garges-lès-Gonesse
1748:Fontenay-aux-Roses
1517:Fontenay-sous-Bois
1512:Évry-Courcouronnes
1391:Asnières-sur-Seine
701:legifrance.gouv.fr
582:. 21 October 2020.
349:
338:
195: • Metro
158: • Metro
2450:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2092:
2091:
2023:Vigneux-sur-Seine
1973:Savigny-le-Temple
1913:Pontault-Combault
1868:Neuilly-sur-Marne
1808:Herblay-sur-Seine
1663:Charenton-le-Pont
1638:Brétigny-sur-Orge
1552:Neuilly-sur-Seine
1287:
1286:
1124:tallest buildings
1119:era of absolutism
1097:Charles de Gaulle
677:: 2. January 2011
481:
475:
469:
463:
429:metropolitan area
219:
218:
57:metropolitan area
2487:
2296:Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto
2291:Ho Chi Minh City
2136:
2135:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2095:
1968:Savigny-sur-Orge
1873:Nogent-sur-Marne
1818:Limeil-Brévannes
1693:Clichy-sous-Bois
1668:Châtenay-Malabry
1658:Champs-sur-Marne
1532:Levallois-Perret
1507:Épinay-sur-Seine
1497:Corbeil-Essonnes
1401:Aulnay-sous-Bois
1324:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1153:VĂ©lib' MĂ©tropole
954:
947:
940:
931:
930:
923:
915:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
877:
859:
850:
839:
838:
836:
835:
820:
809:
803:
794:
793:
791:
789:
775:
769:
768:
766:
764:
750:
744:
743:
741:
739:
733:
726:
718:
712:
711:
709:
707:
693:
687:
686:
684:
682:
668:
660:
654:
653:
651:
649:
638:
632:
631:
624:
618:
617:
615:
613:
590:
584:
583:
572:
566:
565:
558:
552:
551:
544:
535:
534:
532:
531:
517:
479:
473:
467:
461:
235:statistical area
134:
132:
131:
114:
108:
102:
96:
90:
80:
68:
36:
35:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2383:
2382:
2325:
2324:
2259:
2258:
2201:
2200:
2129:
2123:
2093:
2088:
2072:
2048:Villiers-le-Bel
1943:Rosny-sous-Bois
1833:Mantes-la-Jolie
1803:L'HaĂż-les-Roses
1596:
1462:Le Blanc-Mesnil
1445:
1441:Vitry-sur-Seine
1431:Rueil-Malmaison
1379:
1348:
1332:
1318:
1288:
1283:
1255:
1083:
972:Arrondissements
963:
958:
921:
913:
910:
905:
897:
893:
885:
881:
857:
851:
842:
833:
831:
822:
821:
812:
804:
797:
787:
785:
777:
776:
772:
762:
760:
752:
751:
747:
737:
735:
734:on 3 March 2016
731:
724:
720:
719:
715:
705:
703:
695:
694:
690:
680:
678:
666:
662:
661:
657:
647:
645:
640:
639:
635:
626:
625:
621:
611:
609:
607:
591:
587:
574:
573:
569:
560:
559:
555:
546:
545:
538:
529:
527:
519:
518:
514:
510:
488:
422:
326:
318:petite couronne
259:functional area
251:
129:
127:
117:
116:
112:
110:
106:
104:
100:
98:
94:
92:
88:
71:
59:
46:
41:
34:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2493:
2483:
2482:
2480:INSEE concepts
2477:
2472:
2467:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2343:Rio de Janeiro
2340:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2063:Viry-Châtillon
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1557:Noisy-le-Grand
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1537:Maisons-Alfort
1534:
1529:
1527:Ivry-sur-Seine
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
1000:
999:
994:
989:
984:
974:
968:
965:
964:
957:
956:
949:
942:
934:
928:
927:
919:
909:
908:External links
906:
904:
903:
891:
879:
840:
810:
795:
770:
745:
713:
688:
671:Insee Premiere
655:
633:
619:
606:978-2218962431
605:
585:
567:
553:
536:
511:
509:
506:
505:
504:
499:
494:
487:
484:
483:
482:
476:
470:
464:
458:
455:
452:
421:
418:
392:Seine-Maritime
325:
322:
282:aires urbaines
269:as defined by
250:
247:
217:
216:
206:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
175:
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167:
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69:
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51:
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42:
39:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2492:
2481:
2478:
2476:
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1788:Goussainville
1786:
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1778:Gennevilliers
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1688:Choisy-le-Roi
1686:
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1679:
1676:
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1659:
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1633:Bois-Colombes
1631:
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1396:Aubervilliers
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1274:ĂŽle-de-France
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
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966:
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867:
864:(in French).
863:
856:
849:
847:
845:
830:on 2022-06-15
829:
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723:
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672:
665:
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623:
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581:
578:(in French).
577:
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549:
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541:
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522:
516:
512:
503:
502:ĂŽle-de-France
500:
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407:aire urbaines
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357:ĂŽle-de-France
354:
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171: •
169:
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126:
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120:
85:
79:
74:
67:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
37:
29:
22:
2452:
2357:
2272:Johannesburg
2254:Buenos Aires
2083:
2038:Villeparisis
1983:Sucy-en-Brie
1878:Noisy-le-Sec
1823:Livry-Gargan
1753:Franconville
1708:La Courneuve
1582:Sartrouville
1329:
1268:
1114:Architecture
977:Paris Centre
894:
882:
865:
861:
832:. Retrieved
828:the original
786:. Retrieved
782:
773:
761:. Retrieved
757:
748:
736:. Retrieved
729:the original
716:
704:. Retrieved
700:
691:
679:. Retrieved
674:
670:
658:
646:. Retrieved
636:
622:
610:. Retrieved
595:
588:
570:
556:
528:. Retrieved
525:ec.europa.eu
524:
515:
440:
436:
433:aire urbaine
432:
426:
423:
414:aire urbaine
413:
411:
406:
400:
376:Eure-et-Loir
350:
311:
305:
301:
297:
294:
289:
285:
281:
278:aire urbaine
277:
275:
252:
222:
220:
142:Largest city
43:
2320:Brazzaville
2267:Los Angeles
2196:Mexico City
2125:World's 50
2028:Villemomble
1948:Saint-Cloud
1938:Romainville
1933:Ris-Orangis
1928:Rambouillet
1863:Les Mureaux
1848:Montfermeil
1608:Alfortville
1375:Saint-Denis
1264:Grand Paris
1109:Archdiocese
922:(in French)
914:(in French)
492:Grand Paris
437:pĂ´le urbain
345:False-color
302:département
148:(2,165,423)
21:Paris MĂ©tro
2459:Categories
2043:Villepinte
1798:Guyancourt
1613:Athis-Mons
1436:Versailles
1416:Courbevoie
1360:Argenteuil
1227:Transilien
1212:Topography
834:2022-10-16
530:2023-12-07
508:References
420:Population
263:urban area
177:13,064,617
166:Population
53:Metropolis
2411:Hyderabad
2363:Zhengzhou
2338:Chongqing
2281:Bangalore
2214:SĂŁo Paulo
2162:Guangzhou
2058:Vincennes
1883:Palaiseau
1858:Montrouge
1733:Élancourt
1673:Châtillon
1592:Villejuif
1577:Sarcelles
1370:Montreuil
1217:Transport
1185:Libraries
1180:Landmarks
1165:Education
868:: 13–14.
209:UTC+01:00
204:Time zone
2431:Surabaya
2421:Hangzhou
2378:Dongguan
2316:Kinshasa
2306:Istanbul
2276:Pretoria
2249:Shenzhen
2219:New York
2181:Shanghai
2013:Les Ulis
1988:Suresnes
1918:Pontoise
1828:Malakoff
1813:Houilles
1728:Eaubonne
1623:Bagnolet
1426:Nanterre
1411:Colombes
1326:Communes
1249:Syndrome
1232:Tramways
1174:timeline
1092:Airports
486:See also
447:above):
403:communes
334:communes
271:Eurostat
249:Overview
84:communes
2436:Bandung
2406:Tianjin
2353:Chennai
2286:Chengdu
2239:Beijing
2234:Bangkok
2224:Karachi
2209:Kolkata
2152:Jakarta
2003:Trappes
1993:Taverny
1963:Sannois
1923:Puteaux
1898:Plaisir
1783:Gonesse
1758:Fresnes
1743:Étampes
1718:Draveil
1618:Bagneux
1487:Clamart
1482:Chelles
1467:Bobigny
1421:Créteil
1328:in the
1244:Tourism
1207:Squares
1195:Museums
1170:History
1160:Economy
1148:Cycling
1136:Culture
1131:Bridges
901:, INSEE
889:, INSEE
808:, INSEE
788:5 April
763:5 April
738:5 April
706:5 April
681:5 April
648:5 April
644:. INSEE
612:5 April
445:the map
298:commune
233:) is a
123:Country
2426:Nagoya
2416:Taipei
2401:Bogotá
2373:London
2368:Luanda
2333:Tehran
2311:Lahore
2244:Moscow
2176:Manila
2171:Mumbai
2166:Foshan
2068:Yerres
2018:Vanves
1998:Thiais
1978:Stains
1908:Poissy
1843:Meudon
1793:Grigny
1738:Ermont
1678:Chatou
1653:Cachan
1643:Brunoy
1628:Bezons
1587:Sevran
1562:Pantin
1502:Drancy
1492:Clichy
1457:Antony
1279:France
1190:Mayors
603:
380:Loiret
360:region
324:Extent
306:région
304:, and
243:France
227:French
136:France
133:
113:
107:
101:
95:
89:
2396:Wuhan
2358:Paris
2348:Xi'an
2301:Lagos
2229:Dhaka
2191:Cairo
2186:Seoul
2157:Delhi
2147:Tokyo
1838:Melun
1763:Gagny
1723:Dreux
1713:Creil
1547:Meaux
1542:Massy
1477:Cergy
1472:Bondy
1344:Paris
1222:MĂ©tro
1141:Music
961:Paris
858:(PDF)
732:(PDF)
725:(PDF)
667:(PDF)
580:INSEE
396:Yonne
384:Marne
364:Aisne
353:Paris
284:into
255:INSEE
239:Paris
173:Metro
146:Paris
2391:Lima
1200:list
1102:Orly
1079:20th
1074:19th
1069:18th
1064:17th
1059:16th
1054:15th
1049:14th
1044:13th
1039:12th
1034:11th
1029:10th
790:2017
765:2017
740:2017
708:2017
683:2017
675:1333
650:2017
614:2017
601:ISBN
394:and
388:Oise
372:Eure
368:Aube
221:The
153:Area
55:and
1237:RER
1024:9th
1019:8th
1014:7th
1009:6th
1004:5th
997:4th
992:3rd
987:2nd
982:1st
870:doi
866:336
213:CET
190:GDP
2461::
860:.
843:^
813:^
798:^
781:.
756:.
699:.
669:.
539:^
523:.
398:.
390:,
386:,
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652:.
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431:(
225:(
215:)
211:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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