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583:, establishing a record for the longest distance driven on sea-ice in a road vehicle. Plans to drive on from Cambridge Bay to Resolute Bay were abandoned due to extremely rough sea-ice conditions. At one point along the drive from Kugluktuk to Cambridge Bay, the Moon-1 partially fell through a lead (crack in the sea-ice), but was ultimately rescued by the expedition team. The Moon-1 was eventually flown from Cambridge Bay to
31:
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to support field studies of requirements for future human Mars exploration. After co-founding the Mars
Society, Lee led the development, establishment, and early operation of the "Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station" or FMARS, the world's first simulated Mars habitat. The FMARS was conceived by
279:
While in college in Paris, Pascal Lee was an active member of the Cosmos Club de France, a space exploration society founded by space scientist and author Albert
Ducrocq. In 1982, Lee was elected the Cosmos Club de France's General Secretary and served in that position until 1987.
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in the Arctic, Antarctica, and other extreme environments on Earth. He is the author and co-author of over 100 scientific publications, and first proposed the "Mars Always Cold, Sometimes Wet" model of Mars evolution based on field studies of the geology of Earth's polar regions.
496:(HMP Technical Monitor), Terry Fong (Director, Intelligent Robotics Group), and Brian Glass (Director, Autonomous Technologies Group). Lee's key collaborators on the HMP at the Mars Institute include Stephen Braham (HMP Deputy Lead and Chief Field Engineer),
267:
After graduating with a B.S. in physics from the
University of Paris, Lee went on to earn an M.E. in geology and geophysics from the University of Paris's Institute of Science and Technology (IST). He began Mars research as a student intern under
169:, Antarctica, where he served as the station's chief geophysicist. He also participated in five summer campaigns in Antarctica as a geologist and planetary scientist, in particular as a member of the US Antarctic Search for Meteorites (
409:
602:, Joe Amarualik, Jesse Weaver, and Mark Carroll, and documentary director Jean-Christophe Jeauffre of Jules Verne Adventures. The 150 km journey, of which 60 km were on sea-ice, took 12 days. The Moon-1's arrival on
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is 1 or very close to 1, implying that we are alone. The main contributor to such a low number is the fraction developing intelligent life, which is based on how much time it took for intelligent life (
249:
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The
Haughton–Mars Project Research Station or HMPRS, at 75°26′N, 89°52′W, is the world's largest privately operated polar research station. In 2005, the HMPRS was selected to become a node of the
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From
November 1987 to February 1989, Lee spent over a year in Antarctica on national service duty. Upon his return, he moved to the United States to begin graduate studies in astronomy at
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Lee, P. J. Veverka, J. Bellerose, M. Boucher, J. Boynton, S. Braham, R. Gellert, A. Hildebrand, D. Manzella, G. Mungas, S. Oleson, R. Richards, P. C. Thomas, and M. D. West (2010).
540:
as a mobile field lab and concept vehicle for future pressurized rovers to be used on the Moon or Mars. NASA's first simulated pressurized rover field traverse was conducted at the
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and Joe
Amarualik, expedition technician Jesse Weaver, and cameraman Mark Carroll of Jules Verne Adventures. The team succeeded in driving 494 km in 8 days from Kugluktuk to
1179:
153:, in particular in connection with the history of water on planets and the possibility of extraterrestrial life. He is known internationally for his work on Moon and Mars
180:(HMP), an international multidisciplinary field research project centered on science and exploration studies at the Haughton impact crater and surrounding terrain on
1105:
Mars, Always Cold, Sometimes Wet: New
Constraints on Mars Denudation Rates and Climate Evolution from Analog Studies at Haughton Crater, Devon Island, High Arctic
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is an international multidisciplinary field research project centered on science and exploration studies at the
Haughton impact crater and surrounding terrain on
443:, an international non-profit public benefit research organization dedicated to advancing the scientific study, exploration, and public understanding of Mars.
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Lee is currently
Principal Investigator of the NASA "Hall" mission concept study, a New Frontiers-class Phobos and Deimos sample return mission concept study.
845:"The Haughton-Mars Project: Overview of science investigations at the Haughton impact structure and surrounding terrains, and relevance to planetary studies"
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and
Canadian Inuit field guides Paul Amagoalik and Joe Amarualik of Resolute Bay. The crossing was a success and the Mars-1 has since been serving on the
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across the Wellington Channel's 40 km of sea-ice. The Mars-1, bright red in color, is a modified M997 military ambulance Humvee manufactured by
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256:. At age 8, he went to boarding school in France where he first attended Le Petit College de la Tournelle in Septeuil, Yvelines, then the
650:. The Mars Society collaborated on the HMP through the 2001 field season, but since 2002, the society is no longer a partner of the HMP.
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Lee also participated in field tests of NASA's Surface Exploration Vehicle (SEV), formerly known as the Lunar Exploration Rover (LER) or
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617:(SPR). In August 2008, Lee was pilot scientist of the first field test of the SEV, which was conducted under the auspices of the NASA
207:
Pascal Lee is widely recognized for his efforts to advance the human exploration of Mars, in particular via its asteroid-like moons
303:
Pascal Lee studied astronomy and space sciences at Cornell, and worked as a research and teaching assistant for his thesis adviser
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In May 2010, Lee led the second and final phase of the Northwest Passage Drive Expedition by driving the Moon-1 Humvee Rover from
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Preliminary Testing of a Pressurized Space Suit and Candidate Fabrics Under Simulated Mars Dust Storm and Dust Devil Conditions
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311:. Pascal Lee's PhD thesis dissertation was titled: "Physical properties and processing of asteroid regoliths and interiors".
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Conf. on Early Mars: Geologic and hydrologic evolution, physical and chemical environments, and the implications for life.
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Drive Expedition" in April 2009 and May 2010, and continues to serve as the HMP's Director in support of research for
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Integrated Software Systems for Crew Management During Extravehicular Activity in Planetary Terrain Exploration
473:'s newly formed Canadian Analogue Research Network or CARN program. The HMP RS is managed and operated by the
610:, as it opened the way for dual pressurized rover simulations using the two Humvee rovers working in tandem.
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Empirical Requirements Analysis for Mars Surface Operations Using the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station
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In 1993, Pascal Lee was awarded the Cornell University Department of Astronomy Eleanor Norton York Award.
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521:
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707:"A unique Mars/Early Mars analog on Earth: The Haughton impact structure, Devon Island, Canadian Arctic"
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In 2004, Lee returned to Cornell to teach for a semester as Visiting assistant professor of astronomy.
811:"The PRIME (Phobos Reconnaissance and International Mars Exploration) Mission and Mars sample Return"
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at Moffett Field, California. Mars Institute-Canada is headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia.
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As a graduate student, Lee participated in several NASA planetary spacecraft missions, including
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In 1998, Pascal Lee proposed the creation of a Mars Lander-like habitat at Haughton Crater on
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Mars Rotorcraft: Possibilities, Limitations, and Implications For Human/Robotic Exploration
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To the North Coast of Devon: Collaborative Navigation While Exploring Unfamiliar Terrain
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Initial Efforts toward Mission-Representative Imaging Surveys from Aerial Explorers
500:(HMP Base Manager and Chief Field Guide), and Kira Lorber (HMP Logistics Manager).
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Report of the Space Resources Roundtable VII: LEAG Conference on Lunar Exploration
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Pascal Lee's principal collaborators on the HMP at NASA Ames Research Center are
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In April 2009, Lee led the Northwest Passage Drive Expedition to ferry a second
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in Mountain View, California. He holds an ME in geology and geophysics from the
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project at the Black Point Lava Flow site in Northern Arizona. NASA Astronaut
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Search for a meteoritic component at the Beaverhead impact structure, Montana
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program. HOMER was the first mission to Mars proposed by the Boeing Company.
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748:"Phobos-Deimos ASAP: A Case for the Human Exploration of the Moons of Mars"
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662:, Pascal Lee proposed that the number of intelligent civilizations in the
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Lee, P., S. Braham, G. Mungas, M. Silver, P. Thomas, and M. West (2005).
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Lee, P., R. Richards, A. Hildebrand, and the PRIME Mission Team (2008).
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Lee is a recipient of the United States Antarctic Service Medal and the
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was pilot commander of the 1-day mission. The SEV was developed at the
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In 2002, Pascal Lee and space entrepreneur Marc Boucher co-founded the
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where it waited a year before completing its journey to Devon Island.
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In 1999, Pascal Lee collaborated as a Participating Scientist on the
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192:. Lee has led over 18 HMP field expeditions to date, including the "
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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
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Moon-1 Humvee Rover during Northwest Passage Drive Expedition 2010
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Human-Centered Computing Studies on the NASA Haughton-Mars Project
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in July 2008 using the Mars-1. Lee commanded the mission while
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Applying Multiagent Simulation to Planetary Surface Operations
980:"N~1: Alone in the Milky Way - Kalamazoo Astronomical Society"
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In May 2003, Lee led an Arctic winter expedition to drive the
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Lee, P. (2010). Northwest Passage Drive: Preparing for Mars.
412:" (PRIME) Mars mission concept study proposed jointly by the
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Field Testing of Utility Robots for Lunar Surface Operations
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Haughton-Mars Project Research Station on Devon Island 2006
727:"Phobos: A Critical Link Between Moon and Mars Exploration"
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Lee, P. 1997. Ph.D. Thesis. Cornell U., Ithaca, NY. 260pp.
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served as field lead of the rover traverse investigation.
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of Mishawaka, IN. Accompanying Lee were American explorer
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Phobos Reconnaissance and International Mars Exploration
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NASA Research Park, Moffett Field, CA, 5-7 Nov 2007.
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Pascal Lee was born in 1964 (Hong Kong) and attended
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and Philippe Masson at the University of Paris-Sud.
901:"NASA - Three Days in the Desert Tests Lunar "RV""
184:, Arctic Canada, viewed as an analog site for the
1020:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
828:"Hall: A Phobos and Deimos Sample Return Mission"
134:, and a PhD in astronomy and space sciences from
1215:
768:"Destination Phobos: humanity's next giant leap"
408:In 2006, Lee was Principal Investigator of the "
389:(HOMER) mission concept proposed jointly by the
381:In 2001, Lee was Principal Investigator of the
114:; born 1964) is co-founder and chairman of the
752:First Int'l Conf. Explor. Phobos & Deimos.
646:Lee to serve as a new research element of the
629:principally under the leadership of astronaut
559:, the bright yellow Moon-1 Humvee Rover, from
571:, on sea-ice. Accompanying Lee were veterans
888:Above & Beyond - Canada's Arctic Journal
783:Lee, P., S. Ebisawa, and A. Dollfus (1990).
481:, and currently supports research from both
606:was hailed as in important success for the
161:In 1988, Lee wintered over for 402 days at
785:"Crystal clouds in the Martian atmosphere"
29:
1056:Learn how and when to remove this message
1234:Hong Kong emigrants to the United States
1224:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
1197:Mars-1 Humvee Rover on Devon Island 2004
915:Mars. The Inside Story of the Red Planet
453:
122:, and the Principal Investigator of the
1125:Anomalous scattering of light on Triton
1075:Robotic Follow-Up for Human Exploration
996:
1216:
733:, League City, TX 25–28 October 2005.
633:and robotics engineer Robert Ambrose.
955:"N~1: Alone in the Milky Way, Mt Tam"
670:) to develop compared to the overall
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843:Lee, P. & G. R. Osinski (2005).
834:, The Woodlands, TX. 1-5 Mar 2010. .
943:. Pantheon Books, New York. 392 pp.
692:"Mars: Always Cold, Sometimes Wet?"
446:Mars Institute-USA is based at the
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913:Couper, H. & N. Henbest 2001.
690:Lee, P. & C. P. McKay (2003).
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658:Based on probable values for the
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1173:Haughton-Mars Project Logo Patch
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967:from the original on 2021-12-21.
864:. Shoemaker & Hoard. 264 pp.
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851:(HMP Special Issue), 1755-1758.
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1239:American planetary scientists
832:41st Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf.
815:39th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf.
695:34th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf.
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258:Ecole Saint Martin de France
222:'s Vision to Reality Award.
16:American planetary scientist
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250:St. Joseph's Primary School
176:In 1997, Lee initiated the
41:1964 (age 59–60)
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1244:University of Paris alumni
477:in collaboration with the
141:Lee's research focuses on
1249:Cornell University alumni
627:NASA Johnson Space Center
550:NASA Johnson Space Center
387:O Mars Exploration Rover"
220:Space Frontier Foundation
128:NASA Ames Research Center
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96:NASA Ames Research Center
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37:
28:
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1229:21st-century astronomers
163:Dumont d'Urville Station
890:, Sept-Oct 2010, 35–39.
849:Meteor. Planet. Sci. 40
615:Small Pressurized Rover
448:NASA Ames Research Park
238:Santa Clara, California
930:. Picador USA. 357 pp.
789:Astron. Astrophys. 240
1142:Haughton–Mars Project
926:Morton, Oliver 2002.
674:(4.6 billion years).
648:Haughton–Mars Project
608:Haughton–Mars Project
542:Haughton–Mars Project
538:Haughton–Mars Project
487:Canadian Space Agency
471:Canadian Space Agency
460:Haughton–Mars Project
454:Haughton–Mars Project
426:Canadian Space Agency
202:Canadian Space Agency
178:Haughton–Mars Project
124:Haughton–Mars Project
1026:improve this article
997:Additional resources
714:LPI Contrib. No. 916
524:, to Cape McBain on
1254:Exploration of Mars
1038:footnote references
917:. Headline. 224 pp.
774:, January 27, 2010.
579:, along the fabled
327:and its large moon
132:University of Paris
80:Planetary scientist
53:University of Paris
504:Pressurized rovers
285:Cornell University
136:Cornell University
69:Cornell University
61:Cornell University
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939:Klerkx, G. 2004.
877:. Norton. 334 pp.
860:Fox, W. L. 2006.
756:LPI Contrib. 1377
735:LPI Contrib. 1318
631:Michael Gernhardt
596:Cornwallis Island
581:Northwest Passage
546:Andrew Abercromby
522:Cornwallis Island
494:Christopher McKay
376:Mars Polar Lander
274:Paris Observatory
234:flight instructor
194:Northwest Passage
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721:
713:
710:
701:
694:
686:
672:age of Earth
668:Homo erectus
657:
643:Devon Island
640:
612:
604:Devon Island
592:Resolute Bay
589:
585:Resolute Bay
569:Devon Island
554:
526:Devon Island
518:Resolute Bay
507:
491:
468:
464:Devon Island
457:
445:
438:
430:
407:
380:
370:
362:
359:
352:
332:
315:
313:
302:
282:
278:
266:
247:
224:
217:
206:
182:Devon Island
175:
160:
140:
103:
102:
1269:NASA people
1264:1964 births
623:Rex Walheim
619:Desert RATS
600:John Schutt
573:John Schutt
534:John Schutt
516:Rover from
498:John Schutt
397:Company to
340:s flyby of
323:s flyby of
244:Early years
229:-certified
173:) program.
167:Adélie Land
1218:Categories
1046:March 2016
791:, 520-532.
678:References
530:AM General
512:'s Mars-1
403:Mars Scout
345:951 Gaspra
309:Carl Sagan
231:helicopter
225:Lee is an
104:Pascal Lee
23:Pascal Lee
1030:excessive
664:Milky Way
561:Kugluktuk
378:mission.
342:asteroids
317:Voyager 2
147:asteroids
126:(HMP) at
46:Education
965:Archived
758:, p. 25
737:, p. 72.
485:and the
393:and the
293:New York
262:Pontoise
254:Wan Chai
200:and the
84:Explorer
1024:Please
1016:use of
985:YouTube
960:YouTube
716:, p.50
565:Nunavut
548:of the
424:to the
349:243 Ida
334:Galileo
325:Neptune
272:at the
155:analogs
108:Chinese
557:Humvee
514:Humvee
420:, and
418:Optech
395:Boeing
351:, and
329:Triton
289:Ithaca
213:Deimos
209:Phobos
171:ANSMET
149:, and
110::
71:(1997)
63:(1993)
55:(1987)
709:. In
567:, to
338:'
321:'
66:Ph.D.
483:NASA
458:The
399:NASA
373:NASA
347:and
211:and
198:NASA
190:Mars
188:and
186:Moon
143:Mars
58:M.S.
50:M.E.
38:Born
1032:or
520:on
422:MDA
401:'s
287:in
260:in
252:in
227:FAA
112:李天龍
1220::
982:.
963:.
957:.
847:.
830:.
813:.
787:.
770:.
750:.
729:.
594:,
563:,
489:.
428:.
416:,
383:"H
357:.
331:,
295:.
291:,
240:.
215:.
204:.
165:,
145:,
138:.
82:,
1059:)
1053:(
1048:)
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988:.
903:.
385:2
106:(
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