887:
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1029:. In many English-speaking countries, neuropathology is considered a subfield of anatomical pathology. A physician who specializes in neuropathology, usually by completing a fellowship after a residency in anatomical or general pathology, is called a neuropathologist. In day-to-day clinical practice, a neuropathologist generates diagnoses for patients. If a disease of the nervous system is suspected, and the diagnosis cannot be made by less invasive methods, a biopsy of nervous tissue is taken from the brain or spinal cord to aid in diagnosis. Biopsy is usually requested after a mass is detected by
56:
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thyroid lesions, diseases involving sterile body cavities (peritoneal, pleural, and cerebrospinal), and a wide range of other body sites. Cytopathology is generally used on samples of free cells or tissue fragments (in contrast to histopathology, which studies whole tissues) and cytopathologic tests are sometimes called smear tests because the samples may be smeared across a glass microscope slide for subsequent staining and microscopic examination. However, cytology samples may be prepared in other ways, including
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1463:, and is sometimes considered a specialty of both dentistry and pathology. Oral Pathologists must complete three years of post doctoral training in an accredited program and subsequently obtain diplomate status from the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. The specialty focuses on the diagnosis, clinical management and investigation of diseases that affect the oral cavity and surrounding maxillofacial structures including but not limited to
4705:
1397:. It is often applied in a context that is as much scientific as directly medical and encompasses the development of molecular and genetic approaches to the diagnosis and classification of human diseases, the design and validation of predictive biomarkers for treatment response and disease progression, and the susceptibility of individuals of different genetic constitution to particular disorders. The crossover between molecular pathology and
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1359:, and other lymphoid tissues. In the United States, hematopathology is a board certified subspecialty (licensed under the American Board of Pathology) practiced by those physicians who have completed a general pathology residency (anatomic, clinical, or combined) and an additional year of fellowship training in hematology. The hematopathologist reviews biopsies of lymph nodes, bone marrows and other tissues involved by an
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characteristics and symptoms. This approach led to the foundational understanding that diseases are able to replicate themselves, and that they can have many profound and varied effects on the human host. To determine causes of diseases, medical experts used the most common and widely accepted assumptions or symptoms of their times, a general principle of approach that persists in modern medicine.
1318:
2074:
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resection specimens are obtained by the therapeutic surgical removal of an entire diseased area or organ (and occasionally multiple organs). These procedures are often intended as definitive surgical treatment of a disease in which the diagnosis is already known or strongly suspected, but pathological analysis of these specimens remains important in confirming the previous diagnosis.
819:
966:. Specifically, in clinical medicine, histopathology refers to the examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen by a pathologist, after the specimen has been processed and histological sections have been placed onto glass slides. This contrasts with the methods of cytopathology, which uses free cells or tissue fragments. Histopathological examination of tissues starts with
1571:. After four to six years of undergraduate medical study, trainees proceed to a two-year foundation program. Full-time training in histopathology currently lasts between five and five and a half years and includes specialist training in surgical pathology, cytopathology, and autopsy pathology. It is also possible to take a
1033:. With autopsies, the principal work of the neuropathologist is to help in the post-mortem diagnosis of various conditions that affect the central nervous system. Biopsies can also consist of the skin. Epidermal nerve fiber density testing (ENFD) is a more recently developed neuropathology test in which a
983:
chemicals and components within tissue. The histological slides are then interpreted diagnostically and the resulting pathology report describes the histological findings and the opinion of the pathologist. In the case of cancer, this represents the tissue diagnosis required for most treatment protocols.
1613:
Though separate fields in terms of medical practice, a number of areas of inquiry in medicine and medical science either overlap greatly with general pathology, work in tandem with it, or contribute significantly to the understanding of the pathology of a given disease or its course in an individual.
843:
can undergo a 1 to 2 year fellowship in the field of dermatopathology. The completion of this fellowship allows one to take a subspecialty board examination, and becomes a board certified dermatopathologist. Dermatologists are able to recognize most skin diseases based on their appearances, anatomic
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is the best and most definitive evidence of disease (or lack thereof) in cases where tissue is surgically removed from a patient. These determinations are usually accomplished by a combination of gross (i.e., macroscopic) and histologic (i.e., microscopic) examination of the tissue, and may involve
1958:
generally have the largest body of research in veterinary pathology. Animal testing remains a controversial practice, even in cases where it is used to research treatment for human disease. As in human medical pathology, the practice of veterinary pathology is customarily divided into the two main
1901:
Although the vast majority of lab work and research in pathology concerns the development of disease in humans, pathology is of significance throughout the biological sciences. Two main catch-all fields exist to represent most complex organisms capable of serving as host to a pathogen or other form
1220:
There are two major types of specimens submitted for surgical pathology analysis: biopsies and surgical resections. A biopsy is a small piece of tissue removed primarily for surgical pathology analysis, most often in order to render a definitive diagnosis. Types of biopsies include core biopsies,
907:
with a specialty in general or anatomical pathology with subsequent study in forensic medicine. The methods forensic scientists use to determine death include examination of tissue specimens to identify the presence or absence of natural disease and other microscopic findings, interpretations of
799:
Cytopathology (sometimes referred to as "cytology") is a branch of pathology that studies and diagnoses diseases on the cellular level. It is usually used to aid in the diagnosis of cancer, but also helps in the diagnosis of certain infectious diseases and other inflammatory conditions as well as
317:
research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatment, the term is often used in a narrower fashion to refer to processes and tests that fall within the contemporary medical field of "general pathology", an area that includes a number of distinct but
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fixing is also common. To see the tissue under a microscope, the sections are stained with one or more pigments. The aim of staining is to reveal cellular components; counterstains are used to provide contrast. Histochemistry refers to the science of using chemical reactions between laboratory
1248:
are very common. The pathologist's interpretation of a biopsy is critical to establishing the diagnosis of a benign or malignant tumor, and can differentiate between different types and grades of cancer, as well as determining the activity of specific molecular pathways in the tumor. Surgical
1405:". Molecular pathology is commonly used in diagnosis of cancer and infectious diseases. Molecular Pathology is primarily used to detect cancers such as melanoma, brainstem glioma, brain tumors as well as many other types of cancer and infectious diseases. Techniques are numerous but include
640:
or even spiritual agents, that had dominated for much of the previous 1,500 years in
European medicine. With the new understanding of causative agents, physicians began to compare the characteristics of one germ's symptoms as they developed within an affected individual to another germ's
503:
The study of pathology, including the detailed examination of the body, including dissection and inquiry into specific maladies, dates back to antiquity. Rudimentary understanding of many conditions was present in most early societies and is attested to in the records of the earliest
1587:. At the end of the second year of clinical pathology residency, residents can choose between general clinical pathology and a specialization in one of the disciplines, but they can not practice anatomical pathology, nor can anatomical pathology residents practice clinical pathology.
603:
and physicians that studied disease and the informal study of what they termed "pathological anatomy" or "morbid anatomy". However, pathology as a formal area of specialty was not fully developed until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the advent of detailed study of
1582:
In France, pathology is separated into two distinct specialties, anatomical pathology, and clinical pathology. Residencies for both lasts four years. Residency in anatomical pathology is open to physicians only, while clinical pathology is open to both physicians and
372:), structural alterations of cells (morphologic changes), and the consequences of changes (clinical manifestations). In common medical practice, general pathology is mostly concerned with analyzing known clinical abnormalities that are markers or precursors for both
902:
and medical examiners are also frequently asked to confirm the identity of a corpse. The requirements for becoming a licensed practitioner of forensic pathology varies from country to country (and even within a given nation) but typically a minimal requirement is a
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so as to increase the accuracy with which early or fine-detail abnormalities are detected. These diagnostic techniques are often performed in combination with general pathology procedures and are themselves often essential to developing new understanding of the
1945:
and 2) those animals that share physiological and genetic traits with humans can be used as surrogates for the study of the disease and potential treatments as well as the effects of various synthetic products. For this reason, as well as their roles as
1511:
to non-invasive examination, many conditions in the study of oral disease can be diagnosed, or at least suspected, from gross examination, but biopsies, cell smears, and other tissue analysis remain important diagnostic tools in oral pathology.
564:), during which numerous texts of complex pathologies were developed, also based on the Greek tradition. Even so, growth in complex understanding of disease mostly languished until knowledge and experimentation again began to proliferate in the
1854:. Mental or social disorders or behaviours seen as generally unhealthy or excessive in a given individual, to the point where they cause harm or severe disruption to the person's lifestyle, are often called "pathological" (e.g.,
653:, by the beginning of the 20th century, the study of pathology had begun to split into a number of distinct fields, resulting in the development of a large number of modern specialties within pathology and related disciplines of
1560:. Pathologists may pursue specialised fellowship training within one or more subspecialties of either anatomical or clinical pathology. Some of these subspecialties permit additional board certification, while others do not.
692:
and secure a license to practice medicine. Structurally, the study of disease is divided into many different fields that study or diagnose markers for disease using methods and technologies particular to specific scales,
1020:
Neuropathology is the study of disease of nervous system tissue, usually in the form of either surgical biopsies or sometimes whole brains in the case of autopsy. Neuropathology is a subspecialty of anatomic pathology,
648:
gave a significant contribution, leading to a slew of research developments. By the late 1920s to early 1930s pathology was deemed a medical specialty. Combined with developments in the understanding of general
834:
as an organ. It is unique, in that there are two paths a physician can take to obtain the specialization. All general pathologists and general dermatologists train in the pathology of the skin, so the term
1940:
in nature, and many infectious pathogens have animal vectors and, as such, understanding the mechanisms of action for these pathogens in non-human hosts is essential to the understanding and application of
1552:. Training may be within two primary specialties, as recognized by the American Board of Pathology: [anatomical pathology and clinical pathology, each of which requires separate board certification. The
1793:(LIMS): Implementing and managing computer systems specifically designed for pathology departments. These systems help in tracking and managing patient specimens, results, and other pathology data.
1343:) and the tissues, and organs comprising the hematopoietic system. The term hematopoietic system refers to tissues and organs that produce and/or primarily host hematopoietic cells and includes
864:, and molecular-pathologic analysis. One of the greatest challenges of dermatopathology is its scope. More than 1500 different disorders of the skin exist, including cutaneous eruptions ("
3333:
1287:, hospital administrations, and referring physicians. Clinical pathologists learn to administer a number of visual and microscopic tests and an especially large variety of tests of the
1936:, varies considerably by species. Nevertheless, significant amounts of pathology research are conducted on animals, for two primary reasons: 1) The origins of diseases are typically
1932:
Veterinary pathology covers a vast array of species, but with a significantly smaller number of practitioners, so understanding of disease in non-human animals, especially as regards
1575:
diploma in forensic pathology, dermatopathology, or cytopathology, recognising additional specialist training and expertise and to get specialist accreditation in forensic pathology,
1299:. Sometimes the general term "laboratory medicine specialist" is used to refer to those working in clinical pathology, including medical doctors, Ph.D.s and doctors of pharmacology.
1842:
treatment accordingly. Although diagnosis and classification of mental norms and disorders is largely the purview of psychiatry—the results of which are guidelines such as the
1783:. It is the use of information technology in pathology. It encompasses pathology laboratory operations, data analysis, and the interpretation of pathology-related information.
1041:
by analyzing the nerve fibers of the skin. This test is becoming available in select labs as well as many universities; it replaces the traditional nerve biopsy test as less
1548:) who have completed a four-year undergraduate program, four years of medical school training, and three to four years of postgraduate training in the form of a pathology
974:, or autopsy. The tissue is removed from the body of an organism and then placed in a fixative that stabilizes the tissues to prevent decay. The most common fixative is
1846:, which attempt to classify mental disease mostly on behavioural evidence, though not without controversy—the field is also heavily, and increasingly, informed upon by
848:
is taken to be examined under the microscope using usual histological tests. In some cases, additional specialized testing needs to be performed on biopsies, including
608:. In the 19th century, physicians had begun to understand that disease-causing pathogens, or "germs" (a catch-all for disease-causing, or pathogenic, microbes, such as
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330:
samples. Idiomatically, "a pathology" may also refer to the predicted or actual progression of particular diseases (as in the statement "the many different forms of
3035:
Cai, H; Caswell JL; Prescott JF (March 2014). "Nonculture
Molecular Techniques for Diagnosis of Bacterial Disease in Animals: A Diagnostic Laboratory Perspective".
747:. Anatomical pathology is one of two main divisions of the medical practice of pathology, the other being clinical pathology, the diagnosis of disease through the
872:. Therefore, dermatopathologists must maintain a broad base of knowledge in clinical dermatology, and be familiar with several other specialty areas in Medicine.
1140:, who typically obtain diagnostic specimens via percutaneous renal biopsy. The renal pathologist must synthesize findings from traditional microscope histology,
1988:
Although the pathogens and their mechanics differ greatly from those of animals, plants are subject to a wide variety of diseases, including those caused by
1843:
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physiology that help medical professionals plan appropriate treatments for tissue infection and trauma. Medical imaging is also central in supplying the
751:
analysis of bodily fluids and tissues. Sometimes, pathologists practice both anatomical and clinical pathology, a combination known as general pathology.
676:
The modern practice of pathology is divided into a number of subdisciplines within the distinct but deeply interconnected aims of biological research and
1664:
is the generating of visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention. Medical imaging reveals details of
898:
of a corpse or partial remains. An autopsy is typically performed by a coroner or medical examiner, often during criminal investigations; in this role,
1363:
of cells of the hematopoietic system. In addition, the hematopathologist may be in charge of flow cytometric and/or molecular hematopathology studies.
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1799:: Involves the use of digital technology to create, manage, and analyze pathology images. This includes side scanning and automated image analysis.
1685:
of a given disease and tracking the progress of disease in specific medical cases. Examples of important subdivisions in medical imaging include
1634:. In a similar fashion, the tissue and blood analysis techniques of general pathology are of central significance to the investigation of serious
556:
continued from these Greek roots, but, as with many areas of scientific inquiry, growth in understanding of medicine stagnated somewhat after the
2272:
1381:. Molecular pathology is multidisciplinary by nature and shares some aspects of practice with both anatomic pathology and clinical pathology,
912:
on body tissues and fluids to determine the chemical cause of overdoses, poisonings or other cases involving toxic agents, and examinations of
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Pulmonary pathology is a subspecialty of anatomic (and especially surgical) pathology that deals with diagnosis and characterization of
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Molecular pathology is focused upon the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of molecules within organs, tissues or
839:
denotes either of these who has reached a certain level of accreditation and experience; in the US, either a general pathologist or a
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eras, following the resurgence of the empirical method at new centers of scholarship. By the 17th century, the study of rudimentary
269:
1303:, the study of an organism's immune response to infection, is sometimes considered to fall within the domain of clinical pathology.
560:, but continued to slowly develop throughout numerous cultures. Notably, many advances were made in the medieval era of Islam (see
2996:"The historical change of brainstem glioma diagnosis and treatment: from imaging to molecular pathology and then molecular imaging"
1790:
1654:. General pathology methods are of great importance to biomedical research into disease, wherein they are sometimes referred to as
1237:, whereas excisional biopsies remove the entire lesion, and are similar to therapeutic surgical resections. Excisional biopsies of
1433:. Techniques used are based on analyzing samples of DNA and RNA. Pathology is widely used for gene therapy and disease diagnosis.
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1626:, and blood tests are all examples of pathology work that is essential for the diagnoses of many kinds of cancer and for the
1579:, and neuropathology. All postgraduate medical training and education in the UK is overseen by the General Medical Council.
1189:
Surgical pathology is one of the primary areas of practice for most anatomical pathologists. Surgical pathology involves the
1128:
Renal pathology is a subspecialty of anatomic pathology that deals with the diagnosis and characterization of disease of the
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into disease incorporates the work of a vast variety of life science specialists, whereas, in most parts of the world, to be
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2448:"Commentary on the Ninth Book of Medicine Dedicated to Mansur — Commentaria in nonum librum Rasis ad regem Almansorem"
1524:
An anatomical pathology instructor uses a microscope with multiple eyepieces to instruct students in diagnostic microscopy.
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which are obtained through the use of large-bore needles, sometimes under the guidance of radiological techniques such as
368:
As a field of general inquiry and research, pathology addresses components of disease: cause, mechanisms of development (
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2947:"Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field"
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and microscopic examination of surgical specimens, as well as biopsies submitted by surgeons and non-surgeons such as
469:), meaning "study of". The term is of early 16th-century origin, and became increasingly popularized after the 1530s.
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The advent of the microscope was one of the major developments in the history of pathology. Here researchers at the
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3263:
Kendell R, Jablensky A (January 2003). "Distinguishing
Between the Validity and Utility of Psychiatric Diagnoses".
2881:(in French). Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche. 4 September 2003.
1442:
2036:, and other small herbivores is not considered a part of the domain of plant pathology. The field is connected to
1622:
makes extensive use of both anatomical and clinical pathology in diagnosis and treatment. In particular, biopsy,
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Modern medicine was particularly advanced by further developments of the microscope to analyze tissues, to which
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distributions, and behavior. Sometimes, however, those criteria do not lead to a conclusive diagnosis, and a
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and reporting: Implementing informatics solutions to ensure the quality and accuracy of pathology processes.
1233:. Incisional biopsies are obtained through diagnostic surgical procedures that remove part of a suspicious
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can often be suspected from sight, but confirmation of the diagnosis or outright removal requires a biopsy.
17:
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Machevsky, Alberto; Wick, MR (2004). "Evidence-based
Medicine, Medical Decision Analysis, and Pathology".
388:. Further divisions in specialty exist on the basis of the involved sample types (comparing, for example,
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1487:. Although concerned with a broad variety of diseases of the oral cavity, they have roles distinct from
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also recognizes four primary specialties: anatomic pathology, dermatopathology, forensic pathology, and
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Clinical pathology is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the
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often give hints as to the state and function of certain tissues in the brain and heart respectively.
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Dermatopathology is a subspecialty of anatomic pathology that focuses on the skin and the rest of the
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evaluations of molecular properties of the tissue by immunohistochemistry or other laboratory tests.
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1838:, its purpose is to classify mental illness, elucidate its underlying causes, and guide clinical
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Pathologist performing a human dissection of the abdominal and thoracic organs in an autopsy room
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Modern pathology began to develop as a distinct field of inquiry during the 19th
Century through
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A pathologist examines a tissue section for evidence of cancerous cells while a surgeon observes.
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Rothstein, William G. (1979). "Pathology: The
Evolution of a Specialty in American Medicine".
2366:"From Pathognomicha and Passiologia to Pathologia: concise history of a neologism (1486-1598)"
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Major topics and processes of pathology informatics: Data management from molecular testing,
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3334:"The Regulation of Animal Research and the Emergence of Animal Ethics: A Conceptual History"
636:) existed and were capable of reproduction and multiplication, replacing earlier beliefs in
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Herausgeber., Cross, Simon S., Herausgeber. Underwood, James C. E. 1942- (30 April 2018).
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is sometimes used to indicate a state of disease in cases of both physical ailment (as in
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Hematopathology is the study of diseases of blood cells (including constituents such as
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3080:"Diagnostic molecular pathology: current techniques and clinical applications, part I."
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2849:. Paris: European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. p. 5.
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1733:. Though they do not strictly relay images, readings from diagnostics tests involving
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719:) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the
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Moving towards ICD-11 and DSM-5: Concept and evolution of psychiatric classification.
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Oral and
Maxillofacial Pathology is one of nine dental specialties recognized by the
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tissue assays, molecular profiling of pathogens, and analysis of bacterial genes for
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2589:"A history of pathology and laboratory medicine at Baylor University Medical Center"
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735:). Anatomical pathology is itself divided into subfields, the main divisions being
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examination of organs, tissues, and whole bodies (as in a general examination or an
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41:"Pathological case" redirects here. For the corresponding case in engineering, see
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Mitchell, Richard
Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (2007).
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1983:
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1710:
1661:
1631:
1608:
1336:
1312:
1300:
1283:
and molecular pathology. Clinical pathologists work in close collaboration with
1190:
1111:
1030:
913:
777:
685:
565:
521:
401:
393:
335:
129:
98:
4847:
1174:
334:
have diverse pathologies", in which case a more proper choice of word would be "
6553:
6363:
6229:
5997:
5807:
5638:
5633:
5623:
5618:
5519:
5461:
5393:
5388:
5250:
5245:
5139:
5094:
5071:
4953:
4943:
4885:
4540:
4494:
4307:
4237:
4056:
3874:
3869:
3789:
3310:
2098:
2065:
1927:
1911:
1827:
1627:
1533:
1472:
1422:
1414:
1202:
992:
979:
939:
929:
861:
789:
785:
724:
689:
645:
589:
525:
505:
405:
397:
346:
151:
102:
3352:
3194:. Cancer.Net : American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). 2011-05-09.
3012:
2995:
2913:
2365:
2254:
1614:
As a significant portion of all general pathology practice is concerned with
1540:
required of pathologists. In the United States, pathologists are physicians (
1447:
916:. Forensic pathology is a major component in the trans-disciplinary field of
313:
also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of
6774:
6633:
6528:
6418:
6393:
6388:
6075:
5972:
5862:
5837:
5832:
5725:
5673:
5668:
5446:
5363:
5265:
5230:
4999:
4623:
4412:
4407:
4269:
4209:
4112:
3757:
3570:
3276:
3217:
3048:
2604:
2389:
2213:
1967:
1805:: Using technology to enable remote pathology consultation and collaboration.
1802:
1772:
1496:
1378:
1213:
1013:
1002:
840:
760:
740:
625:
440:
389:
350:
2962:
6678:
6658:
6623:
6618:
6608:
6603:
6583:
6563:
6473:
6443:
6403:
6383:
6373:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6120:
6100:
6065:
6060:
6052:
6047:
6027:
6007:
5917:
5887:
5847:
5827:
5817:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5663:
5653:
5628:
5285:
5119:
5036:
4994:
4855:
4628:
4613:
4439:
4164:
4014:
3999:
3945:
3859:
3689:
3665:
3655:
3560:
3548:
3541:
3360:
3284:
3112:
3056:
2980:
2931:
2840:"Our profession now has a European name: Specialist in Laboratory Medicine"
2764:
2622:
2522:
2407:
2381:
2203:
2188:
2178:
2158:
2113:
2041:
1942:
1933:
1847:
1714:
1706:
1682:
1651:
1639:
1398:
1386:
1238:
1178:
1157:
1095:
1083:
1038:
1026:
963:
781:
605:
585:
369:
5575:
1902:
of disease: veterinary pathology (concerned with all non-human species of
6728:
6723:
6693:
6648:
6593:
6533:
6518:
6513:
6478:
6438:
6328:
6318:
6313:
6170:
6165:
6135:
6090:
6037:
5977:
5962:
5957:
5922:
5882:
5772:
5762:
5757:
5441:
5167:
5089:
4968:
4958:
4909:
4851:
4487:
4432:
4329:
4184:
4159:
3977:
3847:
3713:
3594:
3589:
3565:
2565:
2478:
Transformations in
American Medicine: From Benjamin Rush to William Osler
2009:
1875:
1870:
1839:
1690:
1508:
1480:
1348:
1344:
1288:
962:
Histopathology refers to the microscopic examination of various forms of
845:
770:
593:
573:
533:
509:
354:
42:
2809:"A method for the rapid preparation of fresh tissues for the microscope"
2746:
1148:
to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Medical renal diseases may affect the
457:
27:
Study of the causes and effects of disease or injury, and how they arise
6713:
6708:
6653:
6638:
6578:
6543:
6538:
6508:
6468:
6448:
6378:
6358:
6155:
6150:
6095:
6080:
6022:
5987:
5982:
5952:
5912:
5892:
5822:
5802:
5551:
5378:
5270:
5215:
5144:
5124:
5084:
4989:
4905:
4839:
4835:
4575:
4460:
4427:
4199:
4149:
4134:
4129:
4122:
4107:
4097:
3879:
3722:
3718:
3694:
3623:
3604:
2557:
2163:
2133:
2123:
2045:
2033:
1887:
1831:
1677:
1647:
1584:
1504:
1468:
1390:
1280:
1222:
1185:. A small part of the tumor is taken via a needle with a vacuum system.
1182:
1133:
943:
909:
773:
650:
577:
327:
159:
155:
6271:
3454:
Royal
College of Pathologists of Australasia (Australia & Oceania)
2587:
Race, George J.; Tillery, G. Weldon; Dysert, Peter A. (January 2004).
2234:
1563:
In the United Kingdom, pathologists are physicians licensed by the UK
380:
disease, and is conducted by experts in one of two major specialties,
6628:
6598:
6548:
6523:
6070:
6042:
5992:
5967:
5708:
5509:
5421:
5303:
5235:
5207:
5114:
4928:
4917:
4913:
4881:
4648:
4390:
4385:
4227:
4102:
4066:
3734:
3677:
3599:
3526:
3150:
2128:
1947:
1890:
1835:
1702:
1686:
1669:
1567:. The training to become a pathologist is under the oversight of the
1500:
1340:
1206:
1068:
1022:
1005:
869:
792:
545:
541:
358:
3438:
2808:
2731:"National standards for forensic pathology training slow to develop"
2447:
2314:
Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; Aster, Jon C. (2010).
2286:
483:
408:), as well as on the basis of the focus of the examination (as with
6718:
6643:
6573:
6503:
6498:
6323:
6224:
6160:
6085:
6017:
5947:
5942:
5767:
5701:
5298:
5255:
5154:
5026:
4901:
4877:
4154:
3931:
3889:
3684:
3645:
3630:
3553:
3531:
3307:"American College of Veterinary Pathologists | for the Public"
3125:
2183:
2173:
2153:
2059:
2017:
2013:
1997:
1993:
1937:
1907:
1619:
1600:
1394:
1099:
975:
609:
286:
228:
132:
688:
to practice pathology as a medical specialty, one has to complete
6733:
6463:
6333:
6175:
5907:
5777:
5694:
5539:
5514:
5499:
5481:
5328:
5293:
5134:
5129:
5056:
5051:
5031:
4824:
4809:
4760:
4633:
4093:
4061:
3954:
3762:
3727:
3707:
3584:
3521:
2838:
Zérah, Simone; McMurray, Janet; Horváth, Andrea Rita (May 2011).
2103:
2025:
1955:
1883:
1673:
1483:
pathologies. It also significantly intersects with the field of
1226:
1153:
967:
955:
899:
732:
629:
621:
613:
314:
302:
232:
70:
3464:
WebPath: The Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education
1520:
894:
Forensic pathology focuses on determining the cause of death by
665:
6398:
5842:
5373:
5358:
5318:
5313:
5187:
5109:
5104:
5014:
3400:
3253:
Indian Journal of Psychiatry, Volume 51, Issue 4, Page 310-319.
3130:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia?page=ix (preface): W.B. Saunders.
3078:
Netto, George J; Saad, Rana D; Dysert, Peter A (October 2003).
2088:
2005:
1615:
1356:
1352:
1245:
1234:
1129:
1079:
1076:
971:
865:
694:
637:
339:
331:
306:
290:
147:
3173:
for French Residency in Clinical Pathology (Biologie médicale)
2879:"Bulletin officiel du n°32 du 4 septembre 2003 – MENS0301444A"
1830:, particularly of severe disorders. Informed heavily by both
1120:
This tissue cross-section demonstrates the gross pathology of
1094:. These tests can be necessary to diagnose between infection,
997:
5504:
5403:
5335:
5323:
5061:
5009:
2001:
1989:
1879:
1317:
1268:
1132:. In a medical setting, renal pathologists work closely with
633:
617:
517:
513:
462:
450:
432:
3476:
5383:
5368:
5308:
4984:
4873:
4829:
3900:
3443:
3421:
2029:
1476:
1072:
818:
4729:
3432:
3424:: Comprehensive pathology website with numerous resources.
2994:
Zhang, Liwei; Pan, Chang-cun; Li, Deling (December 2015).
1495:, the latter of which helps diagnose many neurological or
5162:
3468:
3453:
3448:
2944:
1590:
3458:
3034:
528:, a concerted causal study of disease was underway (see
5046:
3416:
3411:
3222:"The New Crisis in Confidence in Psychiatric Diagnosis"
3126:
Neville BW; Damm DD; Allen CA & Bouquot JE (2002).
1160:, the vessels, or a combination of these compartments.
3427:
3236:
2895:
2313:
1844:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
1515:
3417:
American Society for Investigative Pathology (ASIP)
2837:
2055:
1638:
and as such inform significantly upon the fields of
1063:
Gross pathology of miliary tuberculosis of the lung.
30:"Pathobiology" redirects here. For the journal, see
1436:
3439:Intersociety Council for Pathology Training (ICPI)
2945:Ogino S, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E (2011).
780:. The large cell in the top center is an abnormal
322:that diagnose disease, mostly through analysis of
3444:Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland
2586:
2318:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier.
1672:data necessary to establish baseline features of
6772:
3262:
2698:"Special stains and tests – DermNet New Zealand"
2236:Underwood's pathology : a clinical approach
580:was underway and examination of tissues had led
3459:United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology
3412:American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP)
3077:
2593:Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
532:), with many notable early physicians (such as
2316:Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease
2044:of species that are of high importance to the
1786:Key aspects of pathology informatics include:
1689:(which uses the imaging technologies of X-ray
1082:. Diagnostic specimens are often obtained via
6287:
4745:
3916:
3492:
3216:
2500:
2480:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP. pp. 27+.
2295:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. 2005
1959:fields of anatomical and clinical pathology.
3119:
2777:
2660:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2267:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2232:
1267:analysis of bodily fluids such as blood and
455:), meaning "experience" or "suffering", and
2873:
2871:
1656:"experimental" or "investigative" pathology
1491:("ear, nose, and throat" specialists), and
415:Pathology is a significant field in modern
6294:
6280:
4752:
4738:
4205:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
3923:
3909:
3499:
3485:
3184:
2993:
2780:Histotechnology: A Self-Instructional Text
2778:Carson, Freida L; Hladik, Christa (2009).
2271:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1536:, but individual nations vary some in the
1528:Becoming a pathologist generally requires
6760:Timeline of biology and organic chemistry
4546:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
3469:Atlases: High Resolution Pathology Images
3102:
3011:
2970:
2921:
2806:
2754:
2612:
2535:
2397:
2337:
2335:
1791:Laboratory information management systems
1271:, as well as tissues, using the tools of
270:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
146:All medical diagnostic tests, particular
2868:
2640:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.
2445:
1961:
1869:
1758:
1748:
1519:
1446:
1316:
1173:
1115:
1058:
996:
933:
885:
817:
795:. This is diagnostic of erythroleukemia.
764:
664:
482:
6301:
3028:
2784:American Society for Clinical Pathology
2414:
2363:
2239:. Elsevier – Health Sciences Division.
1917:
1779:Pathology informatics is a subfield of
1554:American Osteopathic Board of Pathology
1291:properties of tissue samples involving
954:. This sample was attained through an
700:
14:
6773:
3331:
2771:
2728:
2332:
1591:Overlap with other diagnostic medicine
1451:Many conditions, such as this case of
1407:quantitative polymerase chain reaction
1366:
1048:
671:Services Institute of Medical Sciences
540:is named) having developed methods of
6755:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
6275:
4733:
3904:
3480:
3210:
1252:
1163:
875:
6246:
4684:
4445:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
2475:
2420:
1507:. Owing to the availability of the
660:
491:in 1978 examine cultures containing
158:, and other applications of medical
6256:
4694:
3422:Pathpedia online pathology resource
2898:"The molecular pathology of cancer"
2364:Janssen, Diederik F. (April 2022).
1914:, which studies disease in plants.
1403:molecular pathological epidemiology
1401:is represented by a related field "
1071:and non-neoplastic diseases of the
950:of cardiac tissue reveals advanced
807:
550:The medical practices of the Romans
24:
5173:Evolutionary developmental biology
4581:Medical Scientist Training Program
3810:Fluorescence in situ hybridization
3449:Royal College of Pathologists (UK)
3341:Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics
3160:of the American Board of Pathology
3128:Oral & maxillofacial pathology
2040:and especially concerned with the
1977:
1815:
1769:digital imaging and image analysis
1516:Medical training and accreditation
1326:automated blood chemistry analyzer
1306:
1105:
25:
6797:
5198:Post-transcriptional modification
3392:
3232:from the original on 7 June 2013.
2825:10.1001/jama.1905.52510230037003c
2343:"Pathology Specialty Description"
1037:is taken to identify small fiber
1008:of a brain reveals a significant
986:
923:
361:practicing pathology is called a
6255:
6245:
6236:
6235:
6223:
5574:
4713:
4703:
4693:
4683:
4674:
4673:
3778:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
3428:College of American Pathologists
3399:
3198:from the original on 1 June 2013
2896:Harris TJ; McCormick F. (2010).
2885:from the original on 2008-03-02.
2704:from the original on 2011-05-20.
2686:from the original on 2010-12-07.
2550:10.1097/00005650-197910000-00001
2425:. New York: Dover. pp. 1+.
2072:
2058:
1826:Psychopathology is the study of
1443:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
1437:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
1090:-guided percutaneous biopsy, or
754:
54:
4714:
3325:
3299:
3256:
3163:
3144:
3071:
2987:
2938:
2889:
2856:from the original on 2020-03-23
2831:
2800:
2722:
2708:
2690:
2668:
2629:
2580:
2529:
2458:from the original on 2014-02-14
1092:video-assisted thoracic surgery
592:", setting the stage for later
495:, the pathogen responsible for
4571:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
4005:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
3265:American Journal of Psychiatry
3242:Dalal PK, Sivakumar T. (2009)
3095:10.1080/08998280.2003.11927931
2494:
2469:
2439:
2357:
2345:. American Medical Association
2307:
2279:
2226:
669:A modern pathology lab at the
404:), and physiological systems (
258:Doctor of Osteopathic medicine
13:
1:
3506:
3000:Chinese Neurosurgical Journal
2680:American Board of Dermatology
2515:10.1016/j.humpath.2004.06.004
2220:
2169:Minimally-invasive procedures
1865:
1573:Royal College of Pathologists
1569:Royal College of Pathologists
938:An instance of diagnosis via
264:Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
4551:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
4318:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
3930:
1850:and other of the biological
1731:positron emission tomography
727:, chemical, immunologic and
426:
7:
4759:
3332:Rollin, Bernard E. (2006).
3226:Annals of Internal Medicine
2782:(3rd ed.). Hong Kong:
2446:Arcolani, Giovanni (1542).
2051:
1461:American Dental Association
1207:interventional radiologists
489:Centers for Disease Control
135:and physiological disorders
10:
6802:
3435:(Atlas in Human Pathology)
2038:plant disease epidemiology
1981:
1921:
1819:
1771:, networks, databases and
1752:
1695:magnetic resonance imaging
1594:
1440:
1370:
1310:
1256:
1231:magnetic resonance imaging
1167:
1109:
1052:
1012:that occupies much of the
1010:arteriovenous malformation
990:
942:, this high-magnification
927:
879:
811:
758:
704:
562:Medicine in medieval Islam
548:for a number of diseases.
530:Medicine in ancient Greece
476:
472:
463:
451:
40:
36:Pathology (disambiguation)
29:
6742:
6309:
6217:
6186:
5748:
5718:
5684:Polymerase chain reaction
5644:Green fluorescent protein
5594:
5583:
5572:
5480:
5412:
5344:
5284:
5221:Earliest known life forms
5206:
5153:
5070:
4977:
4817:
4808:
4767:
4669:
4591:
4529:
4290:
4218:
4173:
4082:
3953:
3938:
3818:
3743:
3514:
3353:10.1007/s11017-006-9007-8
3083:Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)
3013:10.1186/s41016-015-0006-3
2914:10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.41
2292:Oxford English Dictionary
2209:Speech–language pathology
715:) or anatomic pathology (
508:, including those of the
278:
243:
238:
222:
210:
195:
190:
173:
165:
139:
117:
77:
65:
53:
4505:Transplantation medicine
4396:Clinical neurophysiology
4313:Obstetric anesthesiology
4233:Interventional radiology
3993:Digestive system surgery
3277:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.4
3049:10.1177/0300985813511132
2048:or other human utility.
2008:, virus-like organisms,
1431:antimicrobial resistance
5736:species discovery curve
4864:Response to environment
4376:Intensive care medicine
4350:Mass gathering medicine
4195:Maternal–fetal medicine
3885:Microbiological culture
3515:Principles of pathology
2963:10.1136/gut.2010.217182
2638:Robbins Basic Pathology
2109:Environmental pathology
1895:Pasteurella haemolytica
1699:medical ultrasonography
1565:General Medical Council
1499:conditions relevant to
1086:transbronchial biopsy,
896:post-mortem examination
788:, with megaloblastoid
554:those of the Byzantines
6369:Biological engineering
6209:Plant morphology terms
5813:Biological engineering
5495:Biological interaction
3968:Cardiothoracic surgery
3192:"Types of Oncologists"
2382:10.32074/1591-951X-261
1974:
1898:
1886:consistent with acute
1776:
1739:magnetoencephalography
1735:electroencephalography
1525:
1489:otorhinolaryngologists
1456:
1328:
1199:medical subspecialists
1186:
1125:
1064:
1017:
959:
891:
827:
796:
711:Anatomical pathology (
673:
536:, for whom the modern
500:
493:Legionella pneumophila
34:. For other uses, see
6454:Developmental biology
6429:Computational biology
6409:Cellular microbiology
5898:Developmental biology
5873:Computational biology
5853:Cellular microbiology
5193:Mendelian inheritance
5105:Energy transformation
4619:Personalized medicine
4478:Reproductive medicine
4403:Occupational medicine
4357:Evolutionary medicine
3848:Diagnostic immunology
3673:Programmed cell death
3641:Liquefactive necrosis
2476:King, Lester (1991).
2452:World Digital Library
2421:Long, Esmond (1965).
2149:Medical jurisprudence
1965:
1873:
1856:pathological gambling
1762:
1753:Further information:
1749:Pathology informatics
1523:
1450:
1419:in situ hybridization
1320:
1285:medical technologists
1277:clinical microbiology
1177:
1119:
1062:
1000:
937:
889:
821:
768:
697:, and tissue types.
668:
582:British Royal Society
497:Legionnaire's disease
486:
6674:Reproductive biology
6559:Mathematical biology
6484:Evolutionary biology
6434:Conservation biology
6116:Reproductive biology
6003:Mathematical biology
5928:Evolutionary biology
5878:Conservation biology
5689:Two-hybrid screening
5659:Protein purification
5490:Biogeochemical cycle
5452:Internal environment
5100:Cellular respiration
4639:Traditional medicine
4599:Alternative medicine
4466:Addiction psychiatry
4280:Transfusion medicine
4275:Medical microbiology
4190:Gynecologic oncology
4042:Reproductive surgery
3843:Medical microbiology
3838:Transfusion medicine
3795:Immunohistochemistry
3745:Anatomical pathology
3636:Coagulative necrosis
3408:at Wikimedia Commons
3037:Veterinary Pathology
2729:Lett D (July 2007).
2423:History of Pathology
2287:"-pathy, comb. form"
2139:List of pathologists
2024:. Damage caused by
1972:tobacco mosaic virus
1924:Veterinary pathology
1918:Veterinary pathology
854:immunohistochemistry
832:integumentary system
707:Anatomical pathology
701:Anatomical pathology
601:natural philosophers
506:historical societies
382:anatomical pathology
353:conditions (such as
272:(M.B.B.S./M.B.Ch.B.)
178:Glossary of medicine
83:Anatomical pathology
6786:Branches of biology
6459:Ecological genetics
6303:Branches of biology
5903:Ecological genetics
5614:Gel electrophoresis
5604:Genetic engineering
5557:Population dynamics
5467:Reproductive system
4661:History of medicine
4644:Veterinary medicine
4451:Preventive medicine
4303:Adolescent medicine
4145:Infectious diseases
3800:Electron microscopy
3768:Molecular pathology
3646:Gangrenous necrosis
3578:Cellular adaptation
3313:on October 24, 2013
2747:10.1503/cmaj.070881
2119:Etiology (medicine)
1934:veterinary practice
1743:electrocardiography
1729:techniques such as
1719:medical photography
1597:Diagnostic medicine
1577:pediatric pathology
1558:laboratory medicine
1493:speech pathologists
1373:Molecular pathology
1367:Molecular pathology
1293:automated analysers
1142:electron microscopy
1138:transplant surgeons
1055:Pulmonary pathology
1049:Pulmonary pathology
952:cardiac amyloidosis
858:electron microscopy
682:Biomedical research
655:diagnostic medicine
479:History of medicine
320:medical specialties
187:
107:molecular pathology
50:
6750:History of biology
6684:Structural biology
6669:Relational biology
6494:Generative biology
6489:Freshwater biology
6230:Biology portal
6126:Structural biology
6111:Relational biology
5938:Generative biology
5933:Freshwater biology
5731:mark and recapture
5679:Restriction enzyme
5472:Respiratory system
5427:Circulatory system
5354:Epidermis (botany)
4609:Molecular oncology
4566:Doctor of Medicine
4556:Master of Medicine
4473:Radiation oncology
4345:Emergency medicine
4298:Addiction medicine
4265:Clinical chemistry
4260:Clinical pathology
4052:Transplant surgery
4010:Orthopedic surgery
3988:Colorectal surgery
3828:Clinical chemistry
3820:Clinical pathology
3805:Immunofluorescence
3773:Forensic pathology
3753:Surgical pathology
3661:Fibrinoid necrosis
3249:2018-06-02 at the
3178:2008-02-28 at the
3156:2007-06-30 at the
2902:Nat Rev Clin Oncol
2807:Wilson LB (1905).
2786:Press. p. 2.
2716:"Dermatopathology"
2676:"Dermatopathology"
2199:Precision medicine
1975:
1970:infected with the
1899:
1893:, possibly due to
1852:cognitive sciences
1781:health informatics
1777:
1727:functional imaging
1636:infectious disease
1618:, the practice of
1605:Infectious disease
1526:
1457:
1427:immunofluorescence
1329:
1322:Clinical chemistry
1259:Clinical pathology
1253:Clinical pathology
1195:general internists
1187:
1170:Surgical pathology
1164:Surgical pathology
1146:immunofluorescence
1126:
1122:polycystic kidneys
1065:
1018:
960:
892:
882:Forensic pathology
876:Forensic pathology
850:immunofluorescence
837:dermatopathologist
828:
824:malignant melanoma
802:cytocentrifugation
797:
745:forensic pathology
737:surgical pathology
674:
588:to coin the word "
501:
410:forensic pathology
386:clinical pathology
252:Doctor of Medicine
245:Education required
185:
111:surgical pathology
95:forensic pathology
87:clinical pathology
48:
6768:
6767:
6689:Synthetic biology
6569:Molecular biology
6424:Cognitive biology
6269:
6268:
6131:Synthetic biology
6013:Molecular biology
5868:Cognitive biology
5744:
5743:
5570:
5569:
5261:Natural selection
5042:Organic compounds
4939:Scientific method
4929:Emergent property
4870:Hierarchy of life
4840:Energy processing
4727:
4726:
4561:Master of Surgery
4525:
4524:
4510:Tropical medicine
4456:Prison healthcare
4371:Hospital medicine
4335:Disaster medicine
4325:Aviation medicine
4140:Hospital medicine
4047:Surgical oncology
4032:Pediatric surgery
4026:
3973:Endocrine surgery
3898:
3897:
3865:Mass spectrometry
3404:Media related to
2793:978-0-89189-581-7
2647:978-1-4160-2973-1
2487:978-0-8018-4057-9
2432:978-0-486-61342-0
2325:978-1-4160-3121-5
2246:978-0-7020-7212-3
2144:Medical diagnosis
1952:companion animals
1860:pathological liar
1809:Quality assurance
1797:Digital pathology
1755:Digital pathology
1701:(or ultrasound),
1538:medical licensing
1453:geographic tongue
1425:, antibody-based
1383:molecular biology
1333:white blood cells
1035:punch skin biopsy
905:medical doctorate
661:General pathology
439:derives from the
417:medical diagnosis
400:), organs (as in
336:pathophysiologies
296:
295:
183:
182:
32:Karger Publishers
16:(Redirected from
6793:
6414:Chemical biology
6296:
6289:
6282:
6273:
6272:
6259:
6258:
6249:
6248:
6239:
6238:
6232:
6228:
6227:
6204:Ecological terms
5858:Chemical biology
5719:Field techniques
5592:
5591:
5578:
5437:Digestive system
5432:Endocrine system
5005:Chemical element
4964:Biology journals
4860:Self-replication
4815:
4814:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4731:
4730:
4717:
4716:
4707:
4697:
4696:
4687:
4686:
4677:
4676:
4381:Medical genetics
4366:General practice
4243:Nuclear medicine
4118:Gastroenterology
4074:Vascular surgery
4024:
3951:
3950:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3902:
3901:
3785:Gross processing
3651:Caseous necrosis
3501:
3494:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3403:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3377:
3371:. Archived from
3338:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3309:. Archived from
3303:
3297:
3296:
3260:
3254:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3188:
3182:
3167:
3161:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3106:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3015:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2974:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2925:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2855:
2844:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2758:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2659:
2651:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2616:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2401:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2266:
2258:
2230:
2094:Causal inference
2082:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2022:parasitic plants
1723:nuclear medicine
1632:cancerous masses
1532:-training after
1501:speech phonology
1485:dental pathology
1243:gastrointestinal
918:forensic science
814:Dermatopathology
808:Dermatopathology
678:medical practice
538:Hippocratic Oath
468:
467:
454:
453:
421:medical research
301:is the study of
224:Activity sectors
188:
184:
143:
121:
91:dermatopathology
58:
51:
47:
21:
6801:
6800:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6791:
6790:
6771:
6770:
6769:
6764:
6738:
6699:Systems biology
6664:Quantum biology
6305:
6300:
6270:
6265:
6222:
6221:
6213:
6199:Botanical terms
6182:
6181:
6180:
6141:Systems biology
6106:Quantum biology
5740:
5714:
5596:
5586:
5579:
5566:
5476:
5457:Muscular system
5414:
5408:
5399:Vascular tissue
5346:
5340:
5280:
5241:History of life
5202:
5183:Gene regulation
5178:Gene expression
5149:
5066:
4973:
4804:
4763:
4758:
4728:
4723:
4665:
4654:Chief physician
4587:
4532:
4521:
4515:Travel medicine
4500:Sports medicine
4483:Sexual medicine
4423:Palliative care
4418:Pain management
4362:Family medicine
4340:Diving medicine
4286:
4214:
4176:
4169:
4085:
4078:
4037:Plastic surgery
3983:General surgery
3963:Cardiac surgery
3944:
3942:
3934:
3929:
3899:
3894:
3853:Immunopathology
3833:Hematopathology
3814:
3739:
3510:
3505:
3473:
3395:
3390:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3336:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3261:
3257:
3251:Wayback Machine
3241:
3237:
3220:(17 May 2013).
3215:
3211:
3201:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3180:Wayback Machine
3168:
3164:
3158:Wayback Machine
3149:
3145:
3138:
3124:
3120:
3076:
3072:
3033:
3029:
2992:
2988:
2943:
2939:
2894:
2890:
2877:
2876:
2869:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2847:EFCC Newsletter
2842:
2836:
2832:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2776:
2772:
2727:
2723:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2634:
2630:
2585:
2581:
2544:(10): 975–988.
2534:
2530:
2509:(10): 1179–88.
2503:Human Pathology
2499:
2495:
2488:
2474:
2470:
2461:
2459:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2419:
2415:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2260:
2259:
2247:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2194:Pathophysiology
2080:Medicine portal
2078:
2073:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2054:
1986:
1984:Plant pathology
1980:
1978:Plant pathology
1930:
1922:Main articles:
1920:
1868:
1824:
1822:Psychopathology
1818:
1816:Psychopathology
1757:
1751:
1711:tactile imaging
1662:Medical imaging
1611:
1609:Medical imaging
1595:Main articles:
1593:
1518:
1445:
1439:
1375:
1369:
1337:red blood cells
1315:
1313:Hematopathology
1309:
1307:Hematopathology
1301:Immunopathology
1261:
1255:
1172:
1166:
1114:
1112:Renal pathology
1108:
1106:Renal pathology
1057:
1051:
1031:medical imaging
995:
989:
932:
926:
914:physical trauma
884:
878:
816:
810:
778:erythroleukemia
776:from a case of
763:
757:
709:
703:
663:
522:Hellenic period
481:
475:
429:
402:renal pathology
394:hematopathology
283:
281:
246:
225:
213:
212:Occupation type
141:
119:
99:hematopathology
61:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6799:
6789:
6788:
6783:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6746:
6744:
6740:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6554:Marine biology
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6364:Bioinformatics
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6299:
6298:
6291:
6284:
6276:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6253:
6243:
6233:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6190:
6188:
6184:
6183:
6179:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5998:Marine biology
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5808:Bioinformatics
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5705:
5698:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5639:DNA microarray
5636:
5634:DNA sequencing
5631:
5626:
5624:Centrifugation
5621:
5619:Chromatography
5616:
5611:
5609:Transformation
5606:
5600:
5598:
5589:
5581:
5580:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5520:Climate change
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5486:
5484:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5462:Nervous system
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5418:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5394:Vascular plant
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5350:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5301:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5251:Microevolution
5248:
5246:Macroevolution
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5212:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5159:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5140:Photosynthesis
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5095:Cell signaling
5092:
5087:
5082:
5076:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4981:
4979:
4978:Chemical basis
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4944:Taxonomic rank
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4924:Reductionistic
4921:
4867:
4832:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4785:
4780:
4771:Introduction (
4768:
4765:
4764:
4757:
4756:
4749:
4742:
4734:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4711:
4701:
4691:
4681:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4595:
4593:
4592:Related topics
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4541:Medical school
4537:
4535:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4495:Sleep medicine
4492:
4491:
4490:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4442:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4308:Anesthesiology
4305:
4300:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4238:Neuroradiology
4235:
4224:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4175:Obstetrics and
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4090:
4088:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4059:
4057:Trauma surgery
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4020:Otolaryngology
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3948:
3946:subspecialties
3936:
3935:
3928:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3905:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3875:Flow cytometry
3872:
3870:Chromatography
3867:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3790:Histopathology
3787:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3716:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3504:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3425:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3396:
3394:
3393:External links
3391:
3389:
3388:
3347:(4): 285–304.
3324:
3298:
3255:
3235:
3209:
3183:
3171:Reglementation
3162:
3143:
3137:978-0721690032
3136:
3118:
3070:
3043:(2): 341–350.
3027:
2986:
2957:(3): 397–411.
2937:
2908:(5): 251–265.
2888:
2867:
2830:
2813:J Am Med Assoc
2799:
2792:
2770:
2721:
2707:
2689:
2667:
2646:
2628:
2579:
2528:
2493:
2486:
2468:
2438:
2431:
2413:
2376:(2): 185–188.
2356:
2331:
2324:
2306:
2289:. OED Online.
2278:
2245:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2099:Cell (biology)
2096:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2069:
2066:Biology portal
2053:
2050:
1982:Main article:
1979:
1976:
1928:Animal testing
1919:
1916:
1912:phytopathology
1867:
1864:
1828:mental illness
1820:Main article:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1765:slide scanning
1750:
1747:
1592:
1589:
1534:medical school
1517:
1514:
1473:salivary gland
1467:, infectious,
1441:Main article:
1438:
1435:
1423:DNA sequencing
1415:DNA microarray
1371:Main article:
1368:
1365:
1311:Main article:
1308:
1305:
1257:Main article:
1254:
1251:
1203:dermatologists
1168:Main article:
1165:
1162:
1110:Main article:
1107:
1104:
1053:Main article:
1050:
1047:
993:Neuropathology
991:Main article:
988:
987:Neuropathology
985:
980:frozen section
940:histopathology
930:Histopathology
928:Main article:
925:
924:Histopathology
922:
880:Main article:
877:
874:
862:flow cytometry
812:Main article:
809:
806:
786:multinucleated
759:Main article:
756:
753:
705:Main article:
702:
699:
690:medical school
662:
659:
646:Rudolf Virchow
526:ancient Greece
477:Main article:
474:
471:
428:
425:
406:oral pathology
398:histopathology
378:non-infectious
347:cardiomyopathy
318:inter-related
294:
293:
284:
279:
276:
275:
274:
273:
267:
261:
255:
247:
244:
241:
240:
236:
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226:
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208:
207:
206:
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181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
152:blood analysis
144:
137:
136:
122:
115:
114:
103:histopathology
79:
75:
74:
67:
63:
62:
59:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6798:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6778:
6776:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6747:
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6732:
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6727:
6725:
6722:
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6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6634:Phylogenetics
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
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6570:
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6562:
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6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6529:Human biology
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6419:Chronobiology
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6394:Biotechnology
6392:
6390:
6389:Biostatistics
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6308:
6304:
6297:
6292:
6290:
6285:
6283:
6278:
6277:
6274:
6262:
6254:
6252:
6244:
6242:
6234:
6231:
6226:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6185:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6076:Phylogenetics
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5973:Human biology
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5863:Chronobiology
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5838:Biotechnology
5836:
5834:
5833:Biostatistics
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5726:Belt transect
5724:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5711:
5710:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5674:Southern blot
5672:
5670:
5669:Northern blot
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
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5617:
5615:
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5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5582:
5577:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5479:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5447:Immune system
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5411:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5364:Ground tissue
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5343:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5266:Phylogenetics
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5231:Genetic drift
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5037:Nucleic acids
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
5000:Chemical bond
4998:
4996:
4995:Carbohydrates
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4762:
4755:
4750:
4748:
4743:
4741:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4720:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4700:
4692:
4690:
4682:
4680:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4624:Public health
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4604:Allied health
4602:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4528:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4413:Oral medicine
4411:
4409:
4408:Ophthalmology
4406:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4270:Cytopathology
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4210:Urogynecology
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4113:Endocrinology
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3926:
3921:
3919:
3914:
3912:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3758:Cytopathology
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3703:
3702:Accumulations
3700:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:Wound healing
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3497:
3495:
3490:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3378:on 2020-10-08
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3239:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3218:Allen Frances
3213:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3166:
3159:
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3089:(4): 379–83.
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2019:
2015:
2011:
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1968:tobacco plant
1964:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1939:
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1929:
1925:
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1913:
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1892:
1889:
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1882:has revealed
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1853:
1849:
1845:
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1803:Telepathology
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1773:telepathology
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1411:multiplex PCR
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1379:bodily fluids
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1214:tissue sample
1212:
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1180:
1176:
1171:
1161:
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1134:nephrologists
1131:
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1103:
1101:
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1084:bronchoscopic
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1006:cross-section
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783:
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761:Cytopathology
755:Cytopathology
752:
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730:
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722:
718:
717:United States
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494:
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441:Ancient Greek
438:
434:
424:
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399:
395:
391:
390:cytopathology
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
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364:
360:
356:
352:
351:psychological
348:
344:
341:
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333:
329:
325:
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316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
292:
288:
285:
277:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
249:
248:
242:
237:
234:
230:
227:
221:
218:
215:
209:
203:
200:
199:
198:
194:
189:
179:
176:
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168:
164:
161:
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153:
149:
145:
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131:
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112:
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80:
76:
73:
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19:
6679:Sociobiology
6659:Protistology
6624:Photobiology
6619:Pharmacology
6613:
6609:Parasitology
6604:Paleontology
6584:Neuroscience
6564:Microbiology
6474:Epidemiology
6444:Cytogenetics
6404:Cell biology
6384:Biosemiotics
6374:Biomechanics
6354:Biogeography
6349:Biochemistry
6344:Bacteriology
6339:Astrobiology
6121:Sociobiology
6101:Protistology
6066:Photobiology
6061:Pharmacology
6053:Parasitology
6048:Paleontology
6028:Neuroscience
6008:Microbiology
5918:Epidemiology
5888:Cytogenetics
5848:Cell biology
5828:Biosemiotics
5818:Biomechanics
5798:Biogeography
5793:Biochemistry
5788:Bacteriology
5783:Astrobiology
5707:
5700:
5693:
5664:Western blot
5654:Enzyme assay
5629:Cell culture
5530:Conservation
5415:and function
5413:Animal form
5347:and function
5120:Fermentation
4898:Organ system
4856:Reproduction
4834:Properties (
4629:Rural health
4614:Nanomedicine
4249:
4165:Rheumatology
4096: /
4015:Hand surgery
4000:Neurosurgery
3860:Enzyme assay
3706:
3701:
3690:Karyorrhexis
3666:Myocytolysis
3656:Fat necrosis
3561:Inflammation
3549:Hemodynamics
3542:Pathogenesis
3507:
3474:
3380:. Retrieved
3373:the original
3344:
3340:
3327:
3315:. Retrieved
3311:the original
3301:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3238:
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3212:
3200:. Retrieved
3186:
3170:
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3121:
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3082:
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3040:
3036:
3030:
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2940:
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2891:
2858:. Retrieved
2846:
2833:
2819:(23): 1737.
2816:
2812:
2802:
2779:
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2741:(3): 240–1.
2738:
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2596:
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2538:Medical Care
2537:
2531:
2506:
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2477:
2471:
2460:. Retrieved
2454:(in Latin).
2451:
2441:
2422:
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2369:
2359:
2347:. Retrieved
2315:
2309:
2297:. Retrieved
2290:
2281:
2235:
2228:
2204:Spectroscopy
2189:Pathogenesis
2179:Parasitology
2159:Microbiology
2114:Epidemiology
2042:horticulture
2010:phytoplasmas
1987:
1943:epidemiology
1931:
1900:
1894:
1848:neuroscience
1825:
1785:
1778:
1715:thermography
1707:elastography
1683:pathogenesis
1660:
1652:parasitology
1640:epidemiology
1612:
1581:
1562:
1527:
1458:
1399:epidemiology
1387:biochemistry
1376:
1330:
1262:
1239:skin lesions
1219:
1209:. Often an
1188:
1179:Brain biopsy
1158:interstitium
1127:
1102:conditions.
1096:inflammation
1066:
1039:neuropathies
1027:neurosurgery
1019:
964:human tissue
961:
893:
829:
798:
782:erythroblast
716:
713:Commonwealth
712:
710:
675:
643:
606:microbiology
598:
586:Robert Hooke
502:
492:
456:
446:
436:
430:
414:
370:pathogenesis
367:
362:
342:
310:
298:
297:
140:Significant
118:Significant
81:
78:Subdivisions
69:
18:Pathological
6729:Xenobiology
6724:Virophysics
6694:Systematics
6649:Primatology
6594:Ornithology
6534:Ichthyology
6519:Herpetology
6514:Gerontology
6479:Epigenetics
6439:Cryobiology
6329:Agrostology
6319:Aerobiology
6314:Abiogenesis
6261:WikiProject
6171:Xenobiology
6166:Virophysics
6136:Systematics
6091:Primatology
6038:Ornithology
5978:Ichthyology
5963:Herpetology
5958:Gerontology
5923:Epigenetics
5883:Cryobiology
5773:Agrostology
5763:Aerobiology
5758:Abiogenesis
5595:Laboratory
5442:Homeostasis
5345:Plant form
5168:Epigenetics
5090:Cell theory
4990:Amino acids
4969:Common name
4959:Peer review
4934:Mechanistic
4699:Wikiproject
4488:Venereology
4433:Neonatology
4330:Dermatology
4185:Gynaecology
4177:gynaecology
4160:Pulmonology
3978:Eye surgery
3940:Specialties
3714:Hemosiderin
3595:Hyperplasia
3590:Hypertrophy
3566:Cell damage
3433:humpath.com
3271:(1): 4–12.
2370:Pathologica
1876:post-mortem
1874:This field
1840:psychiatric
1691:radiography
1585:pharmacists
1509:oral cavity
1481:soft tissue
1465:odontogenic
1349:lymph nodes
1345:bone marrow
1289:biophysical
978:, although
846:skin biopsy
771:bone marrow
725:microscopic
594:germ theory
566:Renaissance
534:Hippocrates
510:Middle East
363:pathologist
355:psychopathy
309:. The word
239:Description
186:Pathologist
169:Pathologist
43:Corner case
6775:Categories
6714:Toxicology
6709:Teratology
6654:Proteomics
6639:Physiology
6579:Neontology
6544:Lipidology
6539:Immunology
6509:Geobiology
6469:Embryology
6449:Dendrology
6379:Biophysics
6359:Biogeology
6187:Glossaries
6156:Toxicology
6151:Teratology
6096:Proteomics
6081:Physiology
6023:Neontology
5988:Lipidology
5983:Immunology
5953:Geobiology
5913:Embryology
5893:Dendrology
5823:Biophysics
5803:Biogeology
5597:techniques
5552:Microbiome
5379:Plant stem
5271:Speciation
5216:Adaptation
5145:Prokaryote
5125:Metabolism
5085:Cell cycle
4916:>
4912:>
4908:>
4906:Population
4904:>
4900:>
4896:>
4892:>
4888:>
4884:>
4880:>
4876:>
4852:Regulation
4836:Adaptation
4461:Psychiatry
4447:(PM&R)
4440:Phlebology
4428:Pediatrics
4255:Anatomical
4220:Diagnostic
4200:Obstetrics
4150:Nephrology
4135:Hematology
4130:Geriatrics
4123:Hepatology
4108:Cardiology
4098:Immunology
3880:Blood bank
3723:Lipofuscin
3719:Lipochrome
3695:Karyolysis
3624:Cell death
3605:Metaplasia
3382:2019-12-17
3317:October 3,
2462:2014-03-02
2255:1043350646
2221:References
2164:Microscopy
2134:Immunology
2124:Hematology
2046:human diet
2034:vertebrate
1888:haemolytic
1866:Non-humans
1832:psychology
1678:physiology
1648:immunology
1505:swallowing
1469:epithelial
1391:proteomics
1361:infiltrate
1281:hematology
1265:laboratory
1223:ultrasound
1183:stereotaxy
1150:glomerulus
1069:neoplastic
944:micrograph
910:toxicology
749:laboratory
651:physiology
578:microscopy
374:infectious
328:human cell
282:employment
191:Occupation
166:Specialist
160:microscopy
156:dissection
126:infectious
6781:Pathology
6629:Phycology
6614:Pathology
6599:Osteology
6589:Nutrition
6549:Mammalogy
6524:Histology
6071:Phycology
6057:Pathology
6043:Osteology
6033:Nutrition
5993:Mammalogy
5968:Histology
5709:in silico
5585:Research
5562:Resources
5535:Ecosystem
5525:Community
5510:Biosphere
5422:Breathing
5304:Eukaryote
5286:Diversity
5236:Gene flow
5208:Evolution
5115:Eukaryote
5027:Molecules
4918:Biosphere
4914:Ecosystem
4910:Community
4882:Organelle
4777:Evolution
4649:Physician
4533:education
4391:Neurology
4386:Narcology
4250:Pathology
4228:Radiology
4103:Angiology
4067:Andrology
3735:Steatosis
3678:Apoptosis
3615:Glandular
3600:Dysplasia
3532:Neoplasia
3527:Infection
3508:Pathology
3406:Pathology
3065:206510903
2656:cite book
2605:0899-8280
2390:1591-951X
2349:5 October
2263:cite book
2129:Histology
2018:nematodes
1994:oomycetes
1948:livestock
1891:pneumonia
1836:neurology
1703:endoscopy
1687:radiology
1670:biometric
1624:resection
1550:residency
1530:specialty
1341:platelets
1273:chemistry
1023:neurology
870:neoplasms
793:chromatin
729:molecular
546:prognosis
542:diagnosis
520:. By the
437:pathology
427:Etymology
359:physician
311:pathology
299:Pathology
287:Hospitals
280:Fields of
217:Specialty
201:Physician
49:Pathology
6743:See also
6719:Virology
6704:Taxonomy
6644:Pomology
6574:Mycology
6504:Genomics
6499:Genetics
6324:Agronomy
6241:Category
6161:Virology
6146:Taxonomy
6086:Pomology
6018:Mycology
5948:Genomics
5943:Genetics
5768:Agronomy
5749:Branches
5702:in vitro
5299:Bacteria
5276:Taxonomy
5256:Mutation
5226:Function
5155:Genetics
5057:Proteins
4902:Organism
4878:Molecule
4862:),
4818:Overview
4793:Timeline
4773:Genetics
4679:Category
4155:Oncology
4086:medicine
4084:Internal
3932:Medicine
3890:Serology
3685:Pyknosis
3631:Necrosis
3610:Squamous
3554:Ischemia
3369:18620094
3361:16937023
3293:16151623
3285:12505793
3247:Archived
3230:Archived
3196:Archived
3176:Archived
3154:Archived
3151:Homepage
3113:16278751
3057:24569613
3022:29219804
3006:(1): 4.
2981:21036793
2932:20351699
2883:Archived
2860:23 March
2851:Archived
2765:17664437
2702:Archived
2700:. 2008.
2684:Archived
2623:16200088
2574:23045808
2523:15492984
2456:Archived
2408:35481571
2299:23 March
2184:Pathogen
2174:Oncology
2154:Medicine
2052:See also
2014:protozoa
1998:bacteria
1938:zoonotic
1908:Animalia
1666:internal
1644:etiology
1620:oncology
1601:Oncology
1409:(qPCR),
1395:genetics
1297:cultures
1100:fibrotic
1077:thoracic
1043:invasive
976:formalin
900:coroners
784:: it is
686:licensed
630:protists
610:bacteria
338:"). The
229:Medicine
174:Glossary
133:diseases
120:diseases
6734:Zoology
6464:Ecology
6334:Anatomy
6251:Commons
6194:Biology
6176:Zoology
5908:Ecology
5778:Anatomy
5695:in vivo
5587:methods
5540:Habitat
5515:Climate
5500:Biomass
5482:Ecology
5329:Protist
5294:Archaea
5188:Genomes
5135:Mitosis
5130:Meiosis
5052:Polymer
5032:Monomer
5020:Quantum
4854:,
4850:,
4846:,
4842:,
4838:,
4825:Science
4810:Biology
4788:History
4783:Outline
4761:Biology
4719:Outline
4689:Commons
4634:Therapy
4531:Medical
4094:Allergy
4062:Urology
3955:Surgery
3763:Autopsy
3728:Melanin
3708:pigment
3585:Atrophy
3522:Disease
3104:1214554
2972:3040598
2923:2222796
2756:1930175
2614:1200640
2558:3763869
2399:9248257
2104:Disease
2026:insects
2006:viroids
2002:viruses
1956:mammals
1904:kingdom
1884:lesions
1674:anatomy
1628:staging
1227:CT scan
1211:excised
1154:tubules
1130:kidneys
1003:coronal
968:surgery
956:autopsy
948:section
868:") and
790:nuclear
733:autopsy
622:amoebae
614:viruses
584:member
574:Baroque
473:History
315:biology
303:disease
291:Clinics
266:(D.V.M)
233:Surgery
204:Surgeon
130:organic
71:Disease
6399:Botany
5843:Botany
5649:vector
5505:Biomes
5374:Phloem
5359:Flower
5319:Fungus
5314:Animal
5110:Enzyme
5015:Matter
5010:Lipids
4949:Theory
4890:Tissue
4844:Growth
4709:Portal
4576:MD–PhD
3367:
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3202:25 May
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2243:
2089:Biopsy
1910:) and
1741:, and
1650:, and
1616:cancer
1607:, and
1357:spleen
1353:thymus
1347:, the
1339:, and
1246:polyps
1235:lesion
1205:, and
1181:under
1152:, the
1144:, and
1080:pleura
1025:, and
972:biopsy
866:rashes
743:, and
695:organs
638:humors
634:prions
632:, and
572:, and
516:, and
465:-λογία
458:-logia
447:pathos
396:, and
357:). A
349:) and
340:suffix
332:cancer
324:tissue
307:injury
260:(D.O.)
254:(M.D.)
148:biopsy
5545:niche
5404:Xylem
5389:Shoot
5336:Virus
5324:Plant
5072:Cells
5062:Water
4985:Atoms
4894:Organ
4848:Order
4800:Index
4291:Other
3537:Cause
3376:(PDF)
3365:S2CID
3337:(PDF)
3289:S2CID
3061:S2CID
3018:S2CID
2854:(PDF)
2843:(PDF)
2570:S2CID
2554:JSTOR
2030:mites
1990:fungi
1878:of a
1324:: an
1269:urine
1229:, or
1191:gross
1098:, or
1073:lungs
1001:This
946:of a
774:smear
721:gross
626:molds
618:fungi
518:China
514:India
452:πάθος
444:roots
435:term
433:Latin
343:pathy
196:Names
142:tests
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5384:Root
5369:Leaf
5309:Alga
4886:Cell
4874:Atom
4830:Life
3357:PMID
3319:2013
3281:PMID
3204:2013
3132:ISBN
3109:PMID
3053:PMID
2977:PMID
2928:PMID
2862:2020
2788:ISBN
2761:PMID
2735:CMAJ
2662:link
2642:ISBN
2619:PMID
2601:ISSN
2562:PMID
2519:PMID
2482:ISBN
2427:ISBN
2404:PMID
2386:ISSN
2351:2020
2320:ISBN
2301:2020
2273:link
2269:link
2251:OCLC
2241:ISBN
2020:and
1950:and
1926:and
1834:and
1725:and
1676:and
1546:M.D.
1542:D.O.
1479:and
1477:bone
1393:and
1295:and
1241:and
1156:and
1136:and
1075:and
590:cell
552:and
544:and
431:The
419:and
384:and
376:and
326:and
305:and
128:and
124:All
5163:DNA
5080:ATP
4954:Law
4025:ENT
3943:and
3349:doi
3273:doi
3269:160
3099:PMC
3091:doi
3045:doi
3008:doi
2967:PMC
2959:doi
2951:Gut
2918:PMC
2910:doi
2821:doi
2751:PMC
2743:doi
2739:177
2609:PMC
2546:doi
2511:doi
2394:PMC
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