1441:
33:
1715:
464:
and mostly the release of tightly bound ATP; that three identical catalytic sites went through compulsory, sequential binding changes; and that the binding changes of the catalytic subunits, circularly arranged on the periphery of the enzyme, were driven by the rotation of a smaller internal
482:
from 1963 to 1989. He was editor of the classic series, "The
Enzymes". When he worked on the series "The Enzymes", he was helped by his wife Lyda as she was a professional editor at UCLA. In 1981, he was faculty research lecturer at UCLA. In that same year, he was awarded the prestigious
455:
Institute and spearheaded the construction of the building and the organization of an interdepartmental Ph.D. program. This institutional service did not diminish the creativity and originality of his research program, which led to three postulates for the binding mechanism for
1207:
1407:
1216:
358:, Paul married Lyda Whicker in 1939, and they remained married for nearly eighty years until his death in 2018, making him the longest-married Nobel laureate. The Boyers had three children.
517:
3711:
555:
536:
3539:
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366:
405:
on a war-related research project dedicated to stabilization of serum albumin for transfusions. He began his independent research career at the
3134:
996:
3325:
335:
and the debating team. He was also his high schools valedictorian and played intramural basketball in high school and college. He received a
3587:
3746:
3681:
556:"Isotopic Studies on Structure-function Relationships of Nucleic Acids and Enzymes. Three Year Progress Report, May 1972 — October 1975"
3691:
3686:
3676:
3127:
3023:
1359:
629:
1239:
3731:
3696:
2960:
1081:
570:
2875:
1475:
548:
529:
518:"Occurrence and Characteristics of O-exchange Reactions Catalyzed By Sodium- and Potassium-dependent Adenosine Triphosphatases"
3716:
3008:
696:
649:
448:
272:
235:
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559:
540:
521:
1146:
398:
348:
95:
578:
563:
544:
525:
887:
Allchin, Douglas (2002), "To err and win a nobel prize: Paul Boyer, ATP synthase and the emergence of bioenergetics",
537:"Occurrence and Characteristics of a Rapid Exchange of Phosphate Oxygens Catalyzed by Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Vesicles"
3726:
3706:
3671:
3108:
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3098:
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1986:
1468:
773:
3721:
3150:
1093:
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143:
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2122:
1385:
1329:
837:
1303:
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2692:
478:
3593:
664:
378:
327:, and grew up in a nonpracticing Mormon family of Dutch, German, French, and English descent. He attended
3701:
1450:
441:
1278:
3661:
1810:
1029:
972:
3545:
3279:
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1923:
1619:
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711:
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488:
437:
1119:
2901:
2528:
2018:
1915:
1495:
778:
344:
276:
244:
161:
90:
3052:
2997:
2417:
2309:
1899:
1703:
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807:
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229:
223:
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2800:
2788:
2776:
1759:
1004:
822:
795:
292:
167:
112:
1627:
428:. In 1956, he accepted a Hill Foundation Professorship and moved to the medical campus of the
3497:
3177:
2170:
2102:
1739:
1680:
935:
Boyer, P D (April 1995), "From human serum albumin to rotational catalysis by ATP synthase",
634:
425:
414:
149:
2046:
1814:
1460:
307:-born Nobel laureate; the remainder of the Prize in that year was awarded to Danish chemist
3656:
3651:
3515:
3355:
3285:
2832:
2536:
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2154:
1911:
1854:
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8:
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2473:
2441:
2353:
2317:
2010:
1250:
503:
on June 2, 2018, at the age of 99, less than two months shy of his 100th birthday at his
500:
402:
365:, they considered themselves "on the wayward fringe" and doubted the doctrinal claims of
336:
308:
217:
1440:
566:(through predecessor agency the Energy Research and Development Administration), (1975).
3267:
2784:
2712:
2636:
2592:
2564:
2425:
2361:
2190:
2186:
2110:
1994:
958:
908:
684:
447:
Since 1963, he had been a professor in the department of chemistry and biochemistry at
332:
268:
3569:
3307:
3243:
2952:
2604:
2572:
2405:
2389:
2245:
2030:
1779:
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1181:
950:
924:
900:
876:
452:
328:
201:
962:
912:
460:—that energy input was not used primarily to form ATP but to promote the binding of
3617:
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3119:
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2273:
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2022:
1974:
1883:
1731:
1543:
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892:
866:
2552:
3461:
3231:
3201:
2812:
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2660:
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2620:
2505:
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2094:
1939:
1907:
1850:
1787:
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312:
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2501:
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2237:
2206:
2174:
1970:
1830:
1664:
1559:
1535:
945:
300:
1306:. Southern California Section of the American Chemical Society. Archived from
896:
3645:
3605:
3521:
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3419:
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2002:
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296:
288:
196:
155:
1435:
954:
928:
857:
Boyer, Paul D (October 18, 2002), "A research journey with ATP synthase",
3449:
3413:
2892:
2744:
2728:
2708:
2704:
2481:
2453:
2449:
2413:
2381:
2333:
2301:
1834:
1822:
1802:
1688:
1649:
1591:
1000:
504:
409:
and introduced kinetic, isotopic, and chemical methods for investigating
351:
324:
75:
56:
1208:"Paul D. Boyer, UCLA biochemist who won Nobel Prize in 1997, dies at 99"
2985:
2644:
2580:
2560:
2485:
2293:
2198:
2146:
2070:
1951:
1947:
1775:
1174:"Paul D. Boyer, 99, Dies; Nobel Winner Decoded Enzyme That Powers Life"
1056:"Paul D. Boyer, 99, Dies; Nobel Winner Decoded Enzyme That Powers Life"
571:"Energy Capture and Use in Plants and Bacteria. Final Technical Report"
264:
2265:
1891:
461:
418:
362:
355:
340:
191:
1337:
973:
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1997/boyer/biographical/
2943:
1307:
433:
280:
473:
374:
32:
1362:. UCLA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Archived from
410:
284:
1386:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
1490:
1451:
Nobel Prize press release — The 1997 Nobel Prize in
Chemistry
247:
Program for
Research and Training in Biotechnology (1985–89)
304:
1147:"In memoriam: Paul Boyer, 99, Nobel laureate in chemistry"
377:. In 2003 he was one of 22 Nobel laureates who signed the
3712:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
971:. NobelPrize.org. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2023, from
361:
Though the Boyers connected with the Mormon community in
1334:
American
Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
744:
American
Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
3149:
354:for graduate studies. Five days before leaving for
1215:
451:. In 1965, he became the founding director of the
347:in 1939 and obtained a Wisconsin Alumni Research
3643:
1273:
1271:
444:of the American Society of Biological Chemists.
1232:
367:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
263:(July 31, 1918 – June 2, 2018) was an American
2890:
1444:including the Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1997
1079:
3752:Members of the American Philosophical Society
3737:University of California, Los Angeles faculty
3135:
2876:
1476:
1352:
1268:
891:, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 149–72,
991:
989:
939:, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 559–61,
923:, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 107–9,
918:
1296:
3142:
3128:
2883:
2869:
1483:
1469:
1439:
1322:
487:by the Southern California Section of the
241:UCLA Molecular Biology Institute (1965–83)
31:
986:
944:
870:
792:Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
630:John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
1171:
1053:
369:(LDS Church). After experimenting with
2961:International Campaign to Ban Landmines
1205:
1153:. University of California, Los Angeles
1144:
886:
3742:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
3644:
730:University of California, Los Angeles
318:
3123:
2864:
1464:
934:
856:
790:University of California, Los Angeles
697:University of California, Los Angeles
650:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
449:University of California, Los Angeles
273:University of California, Los Angeles
3161:Paul-Lewis Award in Enzyme Chemistry
1172:McFadden, Robert D. (June 7, 2018).
1054:McFadden, Robert D. (June 7, 2018).
1024:
1022:
618:Paul-Lewis Award in Enzyme Chemistry
585:
575:University of California Los Angeles
560:University of California Los Angeles
541:University of California Los Angeles
522:University of California Los Angeles
1030:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997"
997:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997"
436:of the Biochemistry Section of the
413:mechanisms. In 1955, he received a
13:
3747:Annual Reviews (publisher) editors
3682:American people of English descent
1240:"Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry"
579:United States Department of Energy
564:United States Department of Energy
545:United States Department of Energy
526:United States Department of Energy
384:
271:, and a professor of chemistry at
14:
3763:
3692:American people of German descent
3687:American people of French descent
1429:
1019:
969:The nobel prize in chemistry 1997
889:Journal of the History of Biology
774:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
3677:American people of Dutch descent
3151:Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry
1713:
1145:Wolpert, Stuart (June 4, 2018).
1094:Freedom From Religion Foundation
547:(through predecessor agency the
535:Kanazawa, T. & P. D. Boyer.
528:(through predecessor agency the
516:Dahms, A. S. & P. D. Boyer.
144:Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry
3732:University of Minnesota faculty
3697:Brigham Young University alumni
1400:
1394:American Academy of Achievement
1378:
1126:. American Humanist Association
859:Journal of Biological Chemistry
823:American Academy of Achievement
510:
399:University of Wisconsin–Madison
96:University of Wisconsin–Madison
1206:Schudel, Matt (June 7, 2018).
1199:
1165:
1138:
1112:
1073:
1047:
919:Lores Arnaiz, G R (1998), "",
838:American Philosophical Society
1:
1080:Boyer, Paul D. (March 2004),
850:
479:Annual Review of Biochemistry
432:. In 1959–1960, he served as
373:, Boyer eventually became an
3717:Nobel laureates in Chemistry
1456:UCLA webpage — Paul D. Boyer
1124:Humanism and Its Aspirations
715:Southern California Section
665:National Academy of Sciences
7:
476:or associate editor of the
401:in 1943, he spent years at
275:(UCLA). He shared the 1997
10:
3768:
1304:"1981 Paul D. Boyer, UCLA"
946:10.1096/fasebj.9.7.7737466
733:Faculty research lecturer
440:(ACS) and in 1969–1970 as
3167:
3157:
3047:
3022:
3007:
2976:
2951:
2931:
2900:
2519:
2220:
1961:
1722:
1711:
1502:
1247:American Chemical Society
712:American Chemical Society
613:American Chemical Society
489:American Chemical Society
438:American Chemical Society
389:After Boyer received his
331:, where he was active in
311:for his discovery of the
303:, making Boyer the first
287:mechanism underlying the
254:
210:
184:
177:
136:
128:
104:
83:
64:
42:
30:
23:
3727:Provo High School alumni
3707:Former Latter Day Saints
3672:American Nobel laureates
2637:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
1916:Wendell Meredith Stanley
1496:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
979:
779:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
549:Atomic Energy Commission
530:Atomic Energy Commission
494:
345:Brigham Young University
277:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
91:Brigham Young University
3722:People from Provo, Utah
3612:Mohammad Seyedsayamdost
3528:Wilfred A. van der Donk
2998:William Daniel Phillips
1330:"William C. Rose Award"
897:10.1023/A:1014583721788
808:University of Wisconsin
759:University of Minnesota
680:University of Stockholm
430:University of Minnesota
407:University of Minnesota
230:University of Minnesota
224:University of Minnesota
3053:Nobel Prize recipients
3040:(Canada/United States)
3009:Physiology or Medicine
2992:Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
2801:Emmanuelle Charpentier
2789:M. Stanley Whittingham
1760:Hans von Euler-Chelpin
872:10.1074/jbc.X200001200
796:Glenn T. Seaborg Medal
748:William C. Rose Award
581:, (December 31, 1993).
293:adenosine triphosphate
232:(Minneapolis, 1956–63)
113:adenosine triphosphate
3498:David W. Christianson
3344:Michael J. Chamberlin
2171:Christian B. Anfinsen
1811:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
1446:Energy, Life, and ATP
635:Guggenheim Fellowship
426:alcohol dehydrogenase
415:Guggenheim Fellowship
3667:American biochemists
3516:Karin Musier-Forsyth
3332:Ekkehard K. F. Bautz
3286:Frederic M. Richards
2833:Karl Barry Sharpless
2330:Dudley R. Herschbach
2155:Luis Federico Leloir
1412:search.amphilsoc.org
1408:"APS Member History"
424:on the mechanism of
3378:Frederik C. Hartman
3366:Stephen J. Benkovic
3360:Joseph L. Goldstein
3262:Frank M. Huennekens
3238:G. Robert Greenberg
3208:Bernard L. Horecker
3184:Albert L. Lehninger
3015:Stanley B. Prusiner
2825:Carolyn R. Bertozzi
2737:Jean-Pierre Sauvage
2474:Jens Christian Skou
2442:F. Sherwood Rowland
2354:Charles J. Pedersen
2318:Herbert A. Hauptman
2011:Vincent du Vigneaud
1628:Richard Willstätter
1512:Jacobus van 't Hoff
1390:www.achievement.org
1366:on October 23, 2016
1360:"The Seaborg Medal"
1082:"A Path to Atheism"
827:Golden Plate Award
812:Honorary Doctorate
763:Honorary Doctorate
501:respiratory failure
403:Stanford University
319:Birth and education
309:Jens Christian Skou
226:(St. Paul, 1945–46)
218:Stanford University
16:American biochemist
3702:Chemists from Utah
3438:Kenneth A. Johnson
3396:Richard R. Burgess
3280:Marshall Nirenberg
3268:Jack L. Strominger
2785:John B. Goodenough
2713:William E. Moerner
2593:Richard R. Schrock
2565:Roderick MacKinnon
2537:K. Barry Sharpless
2362:Johann Deisenhofer
2191:Geoffrey Wilkinson
2187:Ernst Otto Fischer
2111:Robert S. Mulliken
2047:Jaroslav HeyrovskĂ˝
1995:Hermann Staudinger
1815:Irène Joliot-Curie
1438:on Nobelprize.org
1256:on January 1, 2017
1060:The New York Times
921:Medicina (B Aires)
685:Honorary Doctorate
379:Humanist Manifesto
333:student government
323:Boyer was born in
269:analytical chemist
78:, California, U.S.
3662:American atheists
3639:
3638:
3534:Nicole S. Sampson
3480:P. Andrew Karplus
3408:Robert T.N. Tjian
3350:Malcolm L. Gefter
3320:Herbert Weissbach
3314:Robert T. Schimke
3308:William J. Rutter
3244:Eugene P. Kennedy
3117:
3116:
3024:Economic Sciences
2858:
2857:
2841:Moungi G. Bawendi
2761:Richard Henderson
2605:Roger D. Kornberg
2573:Aaron Ciechanover
2406:Rudolph A. Marcus
2310:Robert Merrifield
2246:Peter D. Mitchell
2019:Cyril Hinshelwood
1780:Friedrich Bergius
1704:Richard Zsigmondy
1620:Theodore Richards
1568:Ernest Rutherford
1340:on March 24, 2017
1283:www.nasonline.org
1120:"Notable Signers"
1086:Freethought Today
1007:on March 25, 2017
848:
847:
586:Awards and honors
453:Molecular Biology
329:Provo High School
258:
257:
202:Molecular biology
179:Scientific career
150:Guggenheim Fellow
3759:
3618:Kenichi Yokoyama
3594:Douglas Mitchell
3558:Virginia Cornish
3546:Neil L. Kelleher
3492:Ronald T. Raines
3486:Daniel Herschlag
3432:John W. Kozarich
3384:Thomas A. Steitz
3356:Michael S. Brown
3214:Earl R. Stadtman
3144:
3137:
3130:
3121:
3120:
3055:
3032:Robert C. Merton
2918:(United Kingdom)
2885:
2878:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2851:
2849:Alexei I. Ekimov
2835:
2829:Morten P. Meldal
2819:
2807:
2795:
2779:
2763:
2753:Jacques Dubochet
2747:
2731:
2715:
2699:
2683:
2677:Robert Lefkowitz
2671:
2663:
2647:
2641:Thomas A. Steitz
2631:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2589:Robert H. Grubbs
2583:
2567:
2555:
2539:
2512:
2510:Hideki Shirakawa
2496:
2488:
2476:
2460:
2444:
2428:
2420:
2408:
2400:
2398:Richard R. Ernst
2392:
2384:
2372:
2356:
2340:
2324:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2276:
2274:Frederick Sanger
2260:
2254:Herbert C. Brown
2248:
2240:
2232:
2230:William Lipscomb
2213:
2201:
2193:
2181:
2165:
2163:Gerhard Herzberg
2157:
2149:
2137:
2129:
2113:
2105:
2097:
2089:
2077:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2041:
2039:Frederick Sanger
2033:
2025:
2023:Nikolay Semyonov
2013:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1977:
1975:Glenn T. Seaborg
1954:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1902:
1900:Artturi Virtanen
1894:
1886:
1884:George de Hevesy
1878:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1845:
1837:
1825:
1817:
1805:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1782:
1770:
1762:
1750:
1742:
1740:Heinrich Wieland
1734:
1732:Theodor Svedberg
1717:
1716:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1683:
1675:
1667:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1644:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1630:
1622:
1614:
1606:
1594:
1586:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1554:
1546:
1544:Adolf von Baeyer
1538:
1530:
1528:Svante Arrhenius
1522:
1514:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1443:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1336:. Archived from
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1310:on April 4, 2016
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1249:. Archived from
1244:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1219:
1214:. Archived from
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1096:, archived from
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1026:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1003:. Archived from
993:
965:
948:
931:
915:
883:
874:
865:(42): 39045–61,
639:study in Sweden
590:
589:
417:and worked with
261:Paul Delos Boyer
71:
52:
50:
35:
21:
20:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3462:Michael H. Gelb
3402:Paul L. Mordich
3390:Daniel V. Santi
3338:Howard M. Temin
3292:Samuel B. Weiss
3274:Charles Gilvarg
3232:Merton F. Utter
3202:Arthur Kornberg
3163:
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3148:
3118:
3113:
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3034:(United States)
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3017:(United States)
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3000:(United States)
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2912:(United States)
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2813:David MacMillan
2810:
2805:Jennifer Doudna
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2741:Fraser Stoddart
2734:
2725:Paul L. Modrich
2718:
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2661:Ei-ichi Negishi
2653:Richard F. Heck
2650:
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2621:Osamu Shimomura
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2602:
2586:
2570:
2558:
2542:
2529:William Knowles
2526:
2515:
2506:Alan MacDiarmid
2499:
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2458:Richard Smalley
2447:
2434:Paul J. Crutzen
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2103:Robert Woodward
2100:
2095:Dorothy Hodgkin
2092:
2080:
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2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2016:
2008:
2000:
1992:
1980:
1968:
1957:
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1940:William Giauque
1937:
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1924:Robert Robinson
1921:
1908:James B. Sumner
1905:
1897:
1889:
1881:
1875:
1874:
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1855:Leopold RuĹľiÄŤka
1851:Adolf Butenandt
1848:
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1788:Irving Langmuir
1785:
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1673:Frederick Soddy
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1600:Victor Grignard
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1279:"Paul D. Boyer"
1277:
1276:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1253:
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1233:
1223:
1221:
1220:on June 7, 2018
1212:Washington Post
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1100:on June 3, 2011
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472:Paul Boyer was
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385:Academic career
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84:Alma mater
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3600:Michelle Chang
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3570:Sarah O'Connor
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3564:Vahe Bandarian
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3468:Donald Hilvert
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3444:James A. Wells
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3426:Gregory Petsko
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3302:Salih J. Wakil
3298:P. Roy Vagelos
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3196:Britton Chance
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3190:Henry A. Lardy
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2773:Gregory Winter
2769:Frances Arnold
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2716:
2700:
2693:Michael Levitt
2689:Martin Karplus
2684:
2672:
2664:
2648:
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2629:Roger Y. Tsien
2625:Martin Chalfie
2616:
2608:
2600:
2584:
2568:
2556:
2540:
2523:
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2517:
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2514:
2513:
2502:Alan J. Heeger
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2470:John E. Walker
2461:
2445:
2429:
2421:
2409:
2401:
2393:
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2373:
2370:Hartmut Michel
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2346:Donald J. Cram
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2286:Roald Hoffmann
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2270:Walter Gilbert
2261:
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2238:Ilya Prigogine
2233:
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2222:
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2207:John Cornforth
2202:
2194:
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2175:Stanford Moore
2166:
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2123:Ronald Norrish
2114:
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2078:
2066:
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2031:Alexander Todd
2026:
2014:
2006:
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1971:Edwin McMillan
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1935:
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1500:
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1430:External links
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1231:
1198:
1178:New York Times
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1034:NobelPrize.org
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1001:Nobelprize.org
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105:Known for
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3256:Arthur Pardee
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3250:Minor J. Coon
3248:
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3226:Paul D. Boyer
3224:
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3220:Alton Meister
3218:
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3178:Van R. Potter
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3159:Formerly the
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2967:Jody Williams
2965:
2963:(Switzerland)
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2015:
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1983:Archer Martin
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25:Paul D. Boyer
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19:
3630:Amie K. Boal
3582:Kate Carroll
3540:James Berger
3504:Eric T. Kool
3474:Gerald Joyce
3456:Carl O. Pabo
3225:
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2922:Jens C. Skou
2909:
2777:George Smith
2657:Akira Suzuki
2613:Gerhard Ertl
2597:Yves Chauvin
2545:John B. Fenn
2533:Ryoji Noyori
2520:2001–present
2494:Ahmed Zewail
2465:
2454:Harold Kroto
2438:Mario Molina
2366:Robert Huber
2338:John Polanyi
2322:Jerome Karle
2258:Georg Wittig
2143:Derek Barton
2135:Lars Onsager
2087:Giulio Natta
2083:Karl Ziegler
2075:John Kendrew
1843:Richard Kuhn
1768:Hans Fischer
1584:Otto Wallach
1520:Emil Fischer
1445:
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701:McCoy Award
599:Award title,
511:Publications
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485:Tolman Medal
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395:biochemistry
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371:Unitarianism
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297:ATP synthase
289:biosynthesis
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211:Institutions
197:Biochemistry
178:
156:Tolman Award
132:Lyda Whicker
118:
111:Researching
70:(2018-06-02)
68:June 2, 2018
18:
3657:2018 deaths
3652:1918 births
3624:Rahul Kohli
3450:Ronald Vale
3414:Thomas Cech
3326:Jack Preiss
2893:Nobel Prize
2745:Ben Feringa
2729:Aziz Sancar
2709:Stefan Hell
2705:Eric Betzig
2482:Walter Kohn
2450:Robert Curl
2426:George Olah
2414:Kary Mullis
2390:Elias Corey
2382:Thomas Cech
2334:Yuan T. Lee
2302:Henry Taube
1835:Paul Karrer
1823:Peter Debye
1803:Harold Urey
1689:Fritz Pregl
1650:Fritz Haber
1592:Marie Curie
1417:December 3,
1288:December 3,
505:Los Angeles
352:Scholarship
325:Provo, Utah
162:Nobel Prize
119:The Enzymes
76:Los Angeles
57:Provo, Utah
3646:Categories
3588:Hening Lin
2986:Steven Chu
2933:Literature
2581:Irwin Rose
2561:Peter Agre
2486:John Pople
2294:Aaron Klug
2199:Paul Flory
2147:Odd Hassel
2071:Max Perutz
1952:Kurt Alder
1948:Otto Diels
1776:Carl Bosch
851:References
551:), (1972).
532:), (1972).
393:degree in
349:Foundation
265:biochemist
117:Editor of
49:1918-07-31
3576:Jin Zhang
2924:(Denmark)
2902:Chemistry
2895:laureates
2266:Paul Berg
2221:1976–2000
1962:1951–1975
1892:Otto Hahn
1723:1926–1950
1503:1901–1925
1492:Laureates
1370:March 23,
1344:March 23,
1314:March 23,
1260:March 23,
1224:August 3,
1186:0362-4331
1104:March 16,
1039:April 12,
1011:March 23,
601:Category
462:phosphate
442:President
419:Professor
397:from the
363:Wisconsin
356:Wisconsin
341:chemistry
285:enzymatic
238:(1963–90)
220:(1943–45)
192:Chemistry
121:(1971–90)
2994:(France)
2944:Dario Fo
963:31505304
937:FASEB J.
913:18445197
905:12068893
881:12181328
577:(UCLA),
562:(UCLA),
543:(UCLA),
524:(UCLA),
434:Chairman
295:(ATP)" (
283:on the "
281:research
2978:Physics
2946:(Italy)
1494:of the
1191:June 9,
1157:June 5,
955:7737466
929:9674216
842:Member
669:Member
654:Fellow
467:subunit
375:atheist
299:) with
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137:Awards
129:Spouse
59:, U.S.
3084:1997
2953:Peace
2891:1997
1254:(PDF)
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951:PMID
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