878:" (SPOT) program has been criticized for not having been put through controlled scientific tests. A 2007 report on SPOT referring to untrained people stated that "simply put, people (including professional lie-catchers with extensive experience of assessing veracity) would achieve similar hit rates if they flipped a coin". Since controlled scientific tests typically involve people playing the part of terrorists, Ekman says those people are unlikely to have the same emotions as actual terrorists.
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normal and psychiatric populations around the world. Ekman used these stimuli in his original cross-cultural research. Many researchers favor the POFA because these photographs have been rated by large normative groups in different cultures. In response to critics, however, Ekman eventually released a more culturally diverse set of stimuli called the
Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE).
684:, whose members could not have learned the meaning of expressions from exposure to media depictions of emotion. Ekman and Friesen then demonstrated that certain emotions were exhibited with very specific display rules, culture-specific prescriptions about who can show which emotions to whom and when. These display rules could explain how cultural differences may conceal the universal effect of expression.
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photographs selected from over 3000 pictures of individuals asked to simulate emotions, from which he edited to contain "those which showed only the pure display of a single affect," using no control and subject only to Ekman's intuition. If Ekman felt a photograph did not show the correct "pure" emotion, he excluded it.
747:. FACS is an anatomically based system for describing all observable facial movement for every emotion. Each observable component of facial movement is called an action unit or AU and all facial expressions can be decomposed into their constituent core AUs. An update of this tool came in the early 2000s.
412:. While working for his master's degree, Ekman was awarded a predoctoral research fellowship from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in 1955. His Master's thesis was focused on facial expression and body movement he had begun to study in 1954. Ekman eventually went on to receive his Ph.D. in
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Field research by the EIA Group documented empirical testing of the impact of behavioral analysis in an airport environment by having a small group of trained and untrained subjects identify people from yet another group who had to bring unauthorized items through security. But the white paper is not
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Ekman's famous test of emotion recognition was the
Pictures of Facial Affect (POFA) stimulus set published in 1976. Consisting of 110 black and white images of Caucasian actors portraying the six universal emotions plus neutral expressions, the POFA has been used to study emotion recognition rates in
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An examination of events that precede emotions: Ekman's finding that voluntarily making one of the universal facial expressions can generate the physiology and some of the subjective experience of emotion provided some difficulty for some of the earlier theoretical conceptualizations of experiencing
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Ekman originally wanted to be a psychotherapist, but when he was drafted into the army in 1958 he found that research could change army routines, making them more humane. This experience converted him from wanting to be a psychotherapist to wanting to be a researcher, in order to help as many people
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Ekman has refused to submit his more recent work to peer-review, claiming that revealing the details of his work might reveal state secrets and endanger security. Critics assert that this is instead an attempt to shield his work from methodological criticisms within experimental psychology, even as
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to recognize emotional expressions in their everyday interactions. The Subtle
Expression Training Tool (SETT) teaches recognition of very small, micro signs of emotion. These are very tiny expressions, sometimes registering in only part of the face, or when the expression is shown across the entire
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support the claim that emotions are culture specific. In his 1993 discussion of the topic, Ekman states that there is no instance in which 70% or more of one cultural group select one of the six universal emotions while another culture group labels the same expression as another universal emotion.
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Ekman then focused on developing techniques for measuring nonverbal communication. He found that facial muscular movements that created facial expressions could be reliably identified through empirical research. He also found that human beings are capable of making over 10,000 facial expressions;
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Considering emotions as families: Ekman & Friesen (1978) found not one expression for each emotion, but a variety of related but visually different expressions. For example, the authors reported 60 variations of the anger expression which share core configurational properties and distinguish
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claim opposing universality. Ekman wrote that, while many people agreed with
Birdwhistell then, most came to accept his own findings over the next decade. However, some anthropologists continued to suggest that emotions are not universal. Ekman argued that there has been no quantitative data to
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Ekman received hostility from some anthropologists at meetings of the
American Psychological Association and the American Anthropological Association from 1967 to 1969. He recounted that, as he was reporting his findings on universality of expression, one anthropologist tried to stop him from
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Methodological criticisms of Ekman's work focus on the essentially circular and tautological nature of his experiments, in which test subjects were shown selected photographs of "basic emotions," and then asked to match them with the same set of concepts used in their production. Ekman showed
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themselves clearly from the families of fearful expressions, disgust expressions, and so on. Variations within a family likely reflect the intensity of the emotion, how the emotion is controlled, whether it is simulated or spontaneous, and the specifics of the event that provoked the emotion.
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Upon completion of military service in 1960, he accepted a position as a research associate with
Leonard Krasner at the Palo Alto Veterans Administration Hospital, working on a grant focused on the operant conditioning of verbal behavior in psychiatric patients. Ekman also met anthropologist
325:. He was ranked 59th out of the 100 most cited psychologists of the twentieth century. Ekman conducted seminal research on the specific biological correlations of specific emotions, attempting to demonstrate the universality and discreteness of emotions in a Darwinian approach.
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Other tools have been developed, including the MicroExpressions
Training Tool (METT), which can help individuals identify more subtle emotional expressions that occur when people try to suppress their emotions. Application of this tool includes helping people with
777:, a patient he was involved in treating denied that she was suicidal in order to leave the hospital. Ekman began to review videotaped interviews to study people's facial expressions while lying. In a research project along with Maureen O'Sullivan, called the
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From 1960 to 1963, Ekman was supported by a post doctoral fellowship from NIMH. He submitted his first research grant through San
Francisco State College with himself as the principal investigator (PI) at the young age of 29. He received this grant from the
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in 1960 who was on the staff of the Palo Alto
Veterans Administration Hospital. Five years later, Gregory Bateson gave Paul Ekman motion picture films taken in Bali in the mid-1930s to help Ekman with cross-cultural studies of expression and gesture.
526:. Dr. Lightman is based on Paul Ekman, and Ekman served as a scientific adviser for the series; he read and edited the scripts and sent video clip-notes of facial expressions for the actors to imitate. While Ekman has written 15 books, the series
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Through a series of studies, Ekman found a high agreement across members of diverse
Western and Eastern literate cultures on selecting emotional labels that fit facial expressions. Expressions he found to be universal included those indicating
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Other criticisms of Ekman's work are based on experimental and naturalistic studies by several other emotion psychologists that did not find evidence in support of Ekman's proposed taxonomy of discrete emotions and discrete facial expression.
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Ekman has contributed to the study of social aspects of lying, why people lie, and why people are often unconcerned with detecting lies. He first became interested in detecting lies while completing his clinical work. As detailed in Ekman's
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magazine. He was also ranked fifteenth among the most influential psychologists of the 21st century in 2014 by the journal Archives of Scientific Psychology. He is currently on the Editorial Board of Greater Good magazine, published by the
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Ekman, P.; Cohen, L.; Moos, R.; Raine, W.; Schlesinger, M.; Stone, G. (11 January 1963). "Divergent Reactions to the Threat of War: A peace and a shelter group were studied to examine their different responses to the Berlin crisis".
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were less clear, though there is at least some preliminary evidence that this emotion and its expression are universally recognized. Working with Wallace V. Friesen, Ekman demonstrated that the findings extended to preliterate
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finishing by shouting that his ideas were fascist. He compares this to another incident when he was accused of being racist by an activist for claiming that Black expressions are not different from White expressions. In 1975,
1275:(NAS) membership, American Psychological Association (APA) President and/or recipient of the APA Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award, and surname used as an eponym. Then the list was rank ordered. Ekman was #59.
401:(NYU), earning his BA in 1954. The subject of his first research project, under the direction of his NYU professor, Margaret Tresselt, was an attempt to develop a test of how people would respond to group therapy.
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conference, "We basically have a science of undergraduates." Ekman's own studies have used freshman college students as the subject group, comparing their results with those of illiterate subjects from New Guinea.
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Paul Ekman International was established in 2010 by the EIA Group based on a partnership between Cliff Lansley and Paul Ekman to deliver emotional skills and deception detection workshops around the world.
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peer-reviewed or published in a scientific paper, and had only two exercises of an airport security shift-length with the control group and two with the trained group, with about 20 participants total.
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In the 1990s, Ekman proposed an expanded list of basic emotions, including a range of positive and negative emotions that are not all encoded in facial muscles. The newly included emotions are:
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techniques, a topic of intense interest revolves around how specific emotions relate to physiological activations in certain brain areas. Ekman laid the groundwork for the future field of
458:(NIMH) in 1963 to study nonverbal behaviour. This award would be continuously renewed for the next 40 years and would pay his salary until he was offered a professorship at the
1267:. Haggbloom and his team combined three quantitative variables: citations in professional journals, citations in textbooks, and nominations in a survey given to members of the
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convinced Ekman to extend his studies of nonverbal communication from body movement to the face, helping him design his classic cross-cultural emotion recognition studies.
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358:. His father was a pediatrician and his mother was an attorney. His sister, Joyce Steinhart, is a psychoanalytic psychologist who, before her retirement, practiced in
793:. After testing a total of 20,000 people from all walks of life, he found only 50 people who had the ability to spot deception without any formal training. These
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Named by the American Psychological Association as one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century based on publications, citations and awards (2001)
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In his profession, he also uses oral signs of lying. When interviewed about the Monica Lewinsky scandal, he mentioned that he could detect that former President
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face, but is very small. Subtle expressions occur for many reasons, for example, the emotion experienced may be very slight or the emotion may be just beginning.
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Most credibility-assessment researchers agree that untrained people are unable to visually detect lies. The application of part of Ekman's work to
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Ekman criticized the tendency of psychologists to base their conclusions on surveys of college students. Hank Campbell quotes Ekman saying at the
822:, Ekman describes nine direct contributions that his research on facial expression has made to the understanding of emotion. Highlights include:
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led to his first publication in 1957, describing how difficult it was to develop ways of empirically measuring nonverbal behaviour. He chose the
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and their meanings were determined through behavioral learning processes. A prominent advocate of the latter perspective was the anthropologist
576:. His contributions include the interpretation of scientific research into the roots of compassion, altruism, and peaceful human relationships.
436:-chief psychologist, at Fort Dix, New Jersey, where he did research on army stockades and psychological changes during infantry basic training.
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theorized that emotions were evolved traits universal to the human species. However, the prevalent belief during the 1950s, particularly among
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After retiring from the University of California, San Francisco, Paul Ekman founded the Paul Ekman Group (PEG) and Paul Ekman International.
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Dailey, Matthew N.; Joyce, Carrie; Lyons, Michael J.; Kamachi, Miyuki; Ishi, Hanae; Gyoba, Jiro; Cottrell, Garrison W. (December 2010).
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Ekman, Paul (1989). "The argument and evidence about universals in facial expressions of emotion". In H. Wagner & A Manstead (ed.).
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Ekman was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1958 to serve two years as soon as his internship at Langley Porter was finished. He served as
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Ekman, Paul; Friesen, Wallace v.; Lutzker, Daniel R. (February 1962). "Psychological reactions to infantry basic training".
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What the Face Reveals: Basic and Applied Studies of Spontaneous Expression Using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
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2395:...as the legendary Paul Ekman said at the Being Human conference, 'We basically have a science of undergraduates'
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Ekman, P.; Sorenson, E. R.; Friesen, W. V. (4 April 1969). "Pan-Cultural Elements in Facial Displays of Emotion".
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differences across emotions. A number of researchers continue to search for emotion-specific autonomic and
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to help parents talk with their children about emotion, which can be found on his personal website.
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Hontz, C.R., Hartwig, M., Kleinman, S.M. & Meissner, C.A. "Credibility Assessment at Portals",
469:, Ekman shifted his focus from body movement to facial expressions. He wrote his most famous book,
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1946:"Evidence and a Computational Explanation of Cultural Differences inFacial Expression Recognition"
473:, and published it in 1985. The 4th edition is still in print. He retired in 2004 as professor of
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2089:"The lie detective: San Francisco psychologist has made a science of reading facial expressions"
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No Authorship Indicated (1992). "Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions: Paul Ekman".
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Camilleri, J., "Truth Wizard knows when you've been lying", Chicago Sun-Times, January 21, 2009
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Ekman, Paul; Friesen, Wallace V. (1971). "Constants across cultures in the face and emotion".
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sessions and understanding group dynamics. Notably, his classmates at Chicago included writer
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Emotions Revealed: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to Improve Communication and Emotional Life
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APA Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology recipients
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Matsumoto, David (1992) "More evidence for the universality of a contempt expression".
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Greater Good Magazine: Interview between Ekman and daughter Eve on parent-child trust
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Emotional Awareness: Overcoming the Obstacles to Psychological Balance and Compassion
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are also known as "Truth Wizards", or wizards of deception detection from demeanor.
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At the age of 15, without graduating from high school, Paul Ekman enrolled at the
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Ekman, Paul (January 1957). "A Methodological Discussion of Nonverbal Behavior".
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Jan Plamper. The history of Emotions: An Introduction (Oxford, 2012), 153.
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Nonverbal Communication: Notes on the Visual Perception of Human Relations
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Nonverbal Communication: Notes on the Visual Perception of Human Relations
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Emotion-specific physiology: Ekman led the way by trying to find discrete
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Ekman, Paul (1999), "Basic Emotions", in Dalgleish, T; Power, M (eds.),
1339:"Jews Among the 100 Most Eminent Psychologists of the Twentieth Century"
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Telling Lies: Clues to Deceit in the Marketplace, Politics, and Marriage
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Weinberger, Sharon (May 2010). "Airport security: Intent to deceive?".
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http://www.adelphi.edu/adelphi-magazine/Adelphi-Magazine-Fall-2008.pdf
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The methodology used by Ekman and O'Sullivan in their recent work on "
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Bond, Charles F.; Uysal, Ahmet (2007). "On lie detection 'Wizards'".
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Unmasking the Face: A Guide to Recognizing Emotions from Facial Clues
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Consideration of both nature and nurture: Emotion is now viewed as a
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Lutz, C; White, G M (October 1986). "The Anthropology of Emotions".
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has more effectively brought Ekman's research into people's homes.
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Diener, Ed; Oishi, Shigehiro; Park, JungYeun (25 August 2014).
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O'Connor, John (29 November 2008). "First Person: Paul Ekman".
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phenomenon influenced by our cultural and learning experiences.
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Honorary Degree, University of Fernando Pessoa, Portugal (2008)
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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Darwin and Facial Expression: A Century of Research in Review
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Named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by
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1853:. Springer Netherlands. Volume 16, Number 4 / December, 1992
1284:"Facial expression of emotion". In V.S. Ramachandran (Ed.),
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Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters, Adelphi University (2008)
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Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences
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By 1978, Ekman and Friesen had finalized and developed the
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2008:"Cliff Lansley – Member Emotional Intelligence Consortium"
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on a limited basis consulting on various clinical cases.
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Honorary Degree, University of Geneva, Switzerland (2008)
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Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
1435:
Eissner, B. Paul Ekman PH.D. '58, '08: East Meets West.
1250:"The 100 Most Eminent Psychologists of the 20th Century"
735:
Visual depictions of facial actions for studying emotion
2465:
Detecting Deception, American Psychological Association
2387:"A Double-Blind Test Of Astrology For The 21st Century"
2208:"White Paper – Observe, Target, Engage, Respond (OTER)"
1943:
1451:
1310:
1288:(Vol. 2, pp. 173–83). Oxford: Elsevier/Academic Press.
563:
most influential people in the May 11, 2009 edition of
2108:
Ekman, Paul (1993). "Facial Expression and Emotion".
601:
and Weldon Kees had recently published a book called
2297:
2293:
2291:
2032:
Why Kids Lie: How Parents Can Encourage Truthfulness
1789:. University of California Press, Berkeley, p. 205.
1311:
No Authorship Indicated (April 1992). "Paul Ekman".
986:
Why Kids Lie: How Parents Can Encourage Truthfulness
584:
520:
His work is frequently referred to in the TV series
1800:"Watch Lie To Me: Expressions: Introduction online"
1530:
1478:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
616:
4990:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
1752:
1002:(with R. Davidson, Oxford University Press, 1994)
966:Handbook of Methods in Nonverbal Behavior Research
2288:
1030:(with Rosenberg, E. L., Oxford University Press)
624:The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
5112:
1399:
485:(UCSF). From 1960 to 2004 he also worked at the
5166:University of California, San Francisco faculty
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
1690:
1570:The Semiotic Web '86: An International Yearbook
1437:http://profiles.adelphi.edu/profile/paul-ekman/
1424:The Semiotic Web '86: An International Yearbook
248:Honorary Degree, Lund University, Sweden (2011)
4316:
1910:. Chichester, England: Wiley. pp. 143–64.
1648:Dacher Keltner & Paul Ekman (2015-07-03).
876:Screening Passengers by Observation Techniques
4302:
3302:
2495:
2384:
1919:
1917:
1825:"FACS Investigators Guide – Acknowledgements"
1575:
1564:
1562:
1092:(with Wallace V. Friesen and Joseph C. Hager)
1058:(with Wallace V. Friesen and Joseph C. Hager)
1051:(with Wallace V. Friesen and Joseph C. Hager)
922:his public and popular visibility has grown.
816:In his 1993 paper in the psychology journal
609:only 3,000 relevant to emotion. Psychologist
547:. Ekman also wrote a parent's guide to using
465:Encouraged by his college friend and teacher
2136:
1865:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1862:
1361:
1155:
1000:The Nature of Emotion: Fundamental Questions
420:in 1958, after a one-year internship at the
2509:
1626:
1624:
4309:
4295:
3309:
3295:
2502:
2488:
2149:
1914:
1606:. Lifeboat.com. 2002-09-16. Archived from
1604:"Lifeboat Foundation Bios: Dr. Paul Ekman"
1568:Ekman, P. (1987). '"A life's pursuit". In
1559:
149:
56:about living persons that is unsourced or
3020:Social (pragmatic) communication disorder
2432:A biography from Lifeboat Foundation site
2378:
2357:
2230:
1969:
1708:
1422:Ekman, P. (1987). "A life's pursuit." In
1386:"Conversation with Paul Ekman, p. 1 of 5"
595:Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute
422:Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2888:Basic interpersonal communicative skills
2411:The History of Emotions: An Introduction
1621:
1119:Discrete emotion theory § Criticism
1044:(Sussex, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
872:Transportation Security Administration's
309:(born February 15, 1934) is an American
2955:
2205:
1388:. Globetrotter.berkeley.edu. 2004-03-11
1306:
1304:
1302:
1218:Guthrie, Julian (September 16, 2002) .
1217:
483:University of California, San Francisco
460:University of California, San Francisco
315:University of California, San Francisco
5113:
2446:Interview (History Channel transcript)
1230:from the original on December 20, 2022
1195:"Ekman, Paul 1934- | Encyclopedia.com"
767:
5000:New England Complex Systems Institute
4290:
3290:
2954:
2876:
2750:High-context and low-context cultures
2521:
2483:
2107:
1923:
1905:
1723:
1269:Association for Psychological Science
1090:Nonverbal Messages: Cracking the Code
4985:Human Behavior and Evolution Society
3099:Computer processing of body language
2877:
1299:
1189:
1187:
968:(1982, edited with Klaus R. Scherer)
487:Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute
342:, and grew up in a Jewish family in
18:
5151:21st-century American psychologists
5131:20th-century American psychologists
3114:List of facial expression databases
3104:Emotion recognition in conversation
2275:The Psychology of Facial Expression
1933:, Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons
1908:Handbook of social psychophysiology
1751:Jurgen Ruesch, Weldon Kees (1969).
789:" which could be used to assist in
456:National Institute of Mental Health
427:
13:
4980:Center for Evolutionary Psychology
2273:Russel and Fernandez-Dols (1997).
1759:. University of California Press.
1630:"The (Real!) Science Behind Fox's
1056:Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
574:University of California, Berkeley
404:Next, Ekman was accepted into the
14:
5207:
2998:Childhood disintegrative disorder
2420:
1992:
1927:Handbook of Cognition and Emotion
1697:Archives of Scientific Psychology
1184:
1042:Handbook of Cognition and Emotion
1016:(edited with Erika L. Rosenberg)
585:Measuring nonverbal communication
500:In 2001, Ekman collaborated with
397:He then studied for two years at
317:who is a pioneer in the study of
16:American psychologist (born 1934)
5091:
5078:
5066:
5065:
5045:Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences
5031:The Evolution of Human Sexuality
3518:
1533:Journal of Consulting Psychology
1248:Haggbloom, S. J. et al. (2002).
841:activations. With the advent of
811:
617:Emotions as universal categories
579:
541:in preparation of his 2015 film
23:
2400:
2385:Hank Campbell (16 April 2012).
2372:10.1146/annurev.anthro.15.1.405
2351:
2342:
2267:
2224:
2199:
2186:
2082:
2064:
2055:
2036:
2024:
2000:
1986:
1937:
1899:
1856:
1843:
1817:
1792:
1779:
1744:
1717:
1684:
1668:
1641:
1596:
1524:
1472:
1445:
1429:
925:
338:Paul Ekman was born in 1934 in
3316:
2522:
2277:. Cambridge University Press.
1378:
1355:
1331:
1286:Encyclopedia of Human Behavior
1278:
1242:
1211:
533:He has also collaborated with
313:and professor emeritus at the
1:
5186:Scientists from San Francisco
5136:American social psychologists
5038:Evolution, Mind and Behaviour
3614:Industrial and organizational
2360:Annual Review of Anthropology
2206:Lansley, Cliff (2017-04-11).
1785:Ruesch, J.; Kees, W. (1956).
1775:– via Internet Archive.
1738:10.1080/00223980.1957.9713059
1677:, Scientists & Thinkers.
1675:The 2009 TIME 100: Paul Ekman
1650:"The Science of 'Inside Out'"
1177:
1149:Theory of constructed emotion
785:), Ekman reported on facial "
5181:Academics from San Francisco
5024:Evolution and Human Behavior
3855:Human factors and ergonomics
1583:"About Paul Ekman Group LLC"
1273:National Academy of Sciences
1257:Review of General Psychology
861:
559:He was named one of the top
554:
369:
333:
328:
34:biography of a living person
7:
5099:Evolutionary biology portal
3015:Nonverbal learning disorder
2593:Speech-independent gestures
2566:Facial Action Coding System
2456:Recording of a conversation
2320:10.1126/science.164.3875.86
1502:10.1126/science.139.3550.88
1096:
745:Facial Action Coding System
570:Greater Good Science Center
537:film director and animator
61:must be removed immediately
10:
5212:
5191:21st-century American Jews
5176:20th-century American Jews
5156:New York University alumni
5146:Evolutionary psychologists
4318:Evolutionary psychologists
2755:Interpersonal relationship
2556:Body-to-body communication
2122:10.1037/0003-066X.48.4.384
2072:"NPR: The Face Never Lies"
1466:10.1037/0003-066X.47.4.470
1325:10.1037/0003-066x.47.4.470
954:(with Wallace V. Friesen)
804:was lying because he used
5161:Adelphi University alumni
5061:
5008:
4968:
4926:Literary theorists /
4925:
4882:
4554:
4463:
4335:
4324:
4241:
4178:
3885:
3795:
3707:
3544:Applied behavior analysis
3527:
3516:
3352:
3324:
3246:
3220:
3160:
3153:
3127:
3091:
3055:
3028:
2965:
2961:
2950:
2883:
2872:
2828:
2805:
2768:
2720:
2655:
2534:
2530:
2517:
2245:10.1007/s10979-006-9016-1
1726:The Journal of Psychology
1265:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139
1259:. Vol. 6, No. 2, 139–15.
1156:Other emotion researchers
1049:A Practical Guide to FACS
933:Emotion in the Human Face
439:
292:
288:
276:
262:
255:
222:
214:
198:
180:
157:
148:
141:
3170:Behavioral communication
2194:Portals Committee Report
2044:Why don't we catch liars
495:
283:John Amsden Starkweather
5073:Evolutionary psychology
5052:Evolutionary Psychology
4430:Mary Jane West-Eberhard
4328:Evolutionary psychology
3820:Behavioral neuroscience
3384:Behavioral neuroscience
2610:Interpersonal synchrony
2511:Nonverbal communication
2470:PaulEkmanGroup Facebook
2093:San Francisco Chronicle
1253:(subscription required)
603:Nonverbal Communication
591:nonverbal communication
4669:Aurelio José Figueredo
3870:Psychology of religion
3810:Behavioral engineering
3747:Human subject research
3403:Cognitive neuroscience
3369:Affective neuroscience
3207:Monastic sign lexicons
2898:Emotional intelligence
2475:PaulEkmanGroup Twitter
2233:Law and Human Behavior
2095:, September 16, 2002.
1851:Motivation and Emotion
1802:. Hulu. Archived from
1134:Emotion classification
1104:Affective neuroscience
1078:(with the Dalai Lama)
988:(with Mary Ann Mason)
847:affective neuroscience
839:central nervous system
781:(previously named the
321:and their relation to
48:Please help by adding
5141:Emotion psychologists
4912:Dominic D. P. Johnson
4546:Pierre van den Berghe
4246:Wiktionary definition
3782:Self-report inventory
3777:Quantitative research
3197:Impression management
2110:American Psychologist
1454:American Psychologist
1313:American Psychologist
1124:Emotional granularity
1028:What the Face Reveals
819:American Psychologist
477:in the Department of
408:graduate program for
376:University of Chicago
185:University of Chicago
4557:cognitive scientists
4555:Psychologists /
3772:Qualitative research
3727:Behavior epigenetics
3212:Verbal communication
3165:Animal communication
3083:Targeted advertising
2600:Haptic communication
2413:(Oxford, 2012), 162.
1199:www.encyclopedia.com
1162:Lisa Feldman Barrett
1129:Emotions and culture
1109:Animal communication
713:Pride in achievement
589:Ekman's interest in
54:Contentious material
4892:Christopher Badcock
4814:Todd K. Shackelford
4251:Wiktionary category
3815:Behavioral genetics
3787:Statistical surveys
3644:Occupational health
3379:Behavioral genetics
3221:Non-verbal language
3109:Gesture recognition
2956:Further information
2846:Emotion recognition
2797:Silent service code
2312:1969Sci...164...86E
2091:by Julian Guthrie,
1995:"FACS vs. F.A.C.E."
1494:1963Sci...139...88E
835:psychophysiological
806:distancing language
768:Detecting deception
627:published in 1872,
414:clinical psychology
410:clinical psychology
399:New York University
189:New York University
4749:Michael T. McGuire
4729:Douglas T. Kenrick
4714:Judith Rich Harris
4629:Donald T. Campbell
4589:David F. Bjorklund
4445:David Sloan Wilson
4440:George C. Williams
4405:Giacomo Rizzolatti
4223:Schools of thought
4126:Richard E. Nisbett
4006:Donald T. Campbell
3684:Sport and exercise
3247:Art and literature
3202:Meta-communication
3190:Passive-aggressive
3119:Sentiment analysis
2820:Non-verbal leakage
2049:2010-01-08 at the
1710:10.1037/arc0000006
1655:The New York Times
1224:San Francisco Gate
1139:Origin of language
907:Ray Birdwhistell's
637:facial expressions
418:Adelphi University
406:Adelphi University
323:facial expressions
193:Adelphi University
5108:
5107:
5086:Psychology portal
4970:Research centers/
4885:social scientists
4849:Michael Tomasello
4769:Randolph M. Nesse
4574:Justin L. Barrett
4569:Simon Baron-Cohen
4476:Christopher Boehm
4284:
4283:
4261:Wikimedia Commons
4188:Counseling topics
4151:Ronald C. Kessler
4141:Shelley E. Taylor
4066:Lawrence Kohlberg
4041:Stanley Schachter
3840:Consumer behavior
3722:Archival research
3490:Psycholinguistics
3374:Affective science
3284:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3271:
2978:Asperger syndrome
2946:
2945:
2928:Social competence
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2670:Emotional prosody
2576:Subtle expression
2561:Facial expression
2158:(7297): 412–415.
2042:Ekman, P., 1996:
2030:Ekman, P., 1991:
1831:on 6 October 2009
1681:. April 30, 2009.
1636:Popular Mechanics
1294:978-008-088-575-9
1084:978-0-8050-9023-9
1070:978-0-8050-8339-2
1022:978-0-19-510446-2
994:978-0-14-014322-5
980:978-0-393-30872-3
960:978-1-883536-36-7
467:Silvan S. Tomkins
304:
303:
257:Scientific career
161:February 15, 1934
137:
136:
129:
111:
37:needs additional
5203:
5095:
5082:
5069:
5068:
5017:The Adapted Mind
4804:David P. Schmitt
4764:Katherine Nelson
4744:Brian MacWhinney
4684:Gordon G. Gallup
4674:Diana Fleischman
4634:Peter Carruthers
4491:Napoleon Chagnon
4471:Jerome H. Barkow
4455:Richard Wrangham
4435:Wolfgang Wickler
4420:Carel van Schaik
4311:
4304:
4297:
4288:
4287:
4218:Research methods
4161:Richard Davidson
4156:Joseph E. LeDoux
4031:George A. Miller
4021:David McClelland
4016:Herbert A. Simon
3916:Edward Thorndike
3737:Content analysis
3522:
3495:Psychophysiology
3311:
3304:
3297:
3288:
3287:
3158:
3157:
3135:Ray Birdwhistell
2963:
2962:
2952:
2951:
2878:Broader concepts
2874:
2873:
2851:First impression
2532:
2531:
2519:
2518:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2414:
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2271:
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2222:
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2203:
2197:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2147:
2134:
2133:
2105:
2096:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2074:. Archived from
2068:
2062:
2059:
2053:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2012:eiconsortium.org
2004:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1973:
1962:10.1037/a0020019
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1921:
1912:
1911:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1877:10.1037/h0030377
1860:
1854:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1827:. Archived from
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
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1783:
1777:
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1545:10.1037/h0041781
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1237:
1235:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1191:
1144:Origin of speech
868:airport security
787:microexpressions
783:Diogenes Project
725:Sensory pleasure
682:Papua New Guinea
462:(UCSF) in 1972.
434:first lieutenant
428:Military service
386:, film director
340:Washington, D.C.
300:
278:Doctoral advisor
203:Microexpressions
173:Washington, D.C.
168:
166:
153:
139:
138:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
50:reliable sources
27:
26:
19:
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5111:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5057:
5004:
4971:
4964:
4927:
4921:
4884:
4878:
4839:Anthony Stevens
4824:Irwin Silverman
4754:Geoffrey Miller
4719:Martie Haselton
4694:Gerd Gigerenzer
4609:Joseph Bulbulia
4556:
4550:
4531:Stephen Shennan
4486:Donald E. Brown
4464:Anthropologists
4459:
4410:Randy Thornhill
4400:Peter Richerson
4380:Peter Kropotkin
4360:Richard Dawkins
4338:neuroscientists
4337:
4331:
4320:
4315:
4285:
4280:
4237:
4213:Psychotherapies
4174:
4131:Martin Seligman
4096:Daniel Kahneman
4036:Richard Lazarus
3986:Raymond Cattell
3890:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3791:
3703:
3530:
3523:
3514:
3475:Neuropsychology
3355:
3348:
3320:
3315:
3285:
3268:
3259:Mimoplastic art
3242:
3233:Tactile signing
3216:
3149:
3123:
3087:
3051:
3024:
2957:
2942:
2918:Social behavior
2879:
2860:
2824:
2815:Microexpression
2801:
2785:One-bit message
2764:
2716:
2651:
2571:Microexpression
2526:
2513:
2508:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2405:
2401:
2383:
2379:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2306:(3875): 86–88.
2296:
2289:
2272:
2268:
2229:
2225:
2216:
2214:
2204:
2200:
2191:
2187:
2164:10.1038/465412a
2148:
2137:
2106:
2099:
2087:
2083:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2051:Wayback Machine
2041:
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2016:
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1601:
1597:
1588:
1586:
1585:. Paulekman.com
1581:
1580:
1576:
1567:
1560:
1529:
1525:
1488:(3550): 88–94.
1477:
1473:
1450:
1446:
1434:
1430:
1421:
1400:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1364:Financial Times
1360:
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1337:
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1332:
1309:
1300:
1283:
1279:
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1201:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1180:
1158:
1153:
1099:
928:
864:
814:
779:Wizards Project
770:
737:
633:anthropologists
619:
587:
582:
557:
498:
447:Gregory Bateson
442:
430:
372:
336:
331:
296:
269:
251:
245:Magazine (2009)
191:
187:
181:Alma mater
176:
175:, United States
170:
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70:
68:
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4992:
4987:
4982:
4976:
4974:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4945:Daniel Dennett
4942:
4940:Joseph Carroll
4937:
4931:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4907:Herbert Gintis
4904:
4899:
4894:
4888:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4844:Frank Sulloway
4841:
4836:
4831:
4829:Peter K. Smith
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4774:Steven Neuberg
4771:
4766:
4761:
4759:Darcia Narvaez
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4739:Robert Kurzban
4736:
4734:Simon M. Kirby
4731:
4726:
4724:Stephen Kaplan
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4704:Jonathan Haidt
4701:
4696:
4691:
4689:David C. Geary
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4659:Bruce J. Ellis
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4564:Mary Ainsworth
4560:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4516:Joseph Henrich
4513:
4508:
4503:
4501:Daniel Fessler
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4425:Claus Wedekind
4422:
4417:
4415:Robert Trivers
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4370:W. D. Hamilton
4367:
4362:
4357:
4355:Charles Darwin
4352:
4347:
4345:Bernard Crespi
4341:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4314:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4291:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:Roy Baumeister
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4106:Michael Posner
4103:
4098:
4093:
4091:Elliot Aronson
4088:
4086:Walter Mischel
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4051:Albert Bandura
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4026:Leon Festinger
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3996:Neal E. Miller
3993:
3991:Abraham Maslow
3988:
3983:
3978:
3976:Ernest Hilgard
3973:
3971:Donald O. Hebb
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3951:J. P. Guilford
3948:
3946:Gordon Allport
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3926:John B. Watson
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3891:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3717:Animal testing
3713:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3525:
3524:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3420:Cross-cultural
3417:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3400:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3314:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3291:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3140:Charles Darwin
3137:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3034:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2969:
2967:
2959:
2958:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2836:Affect display
2832:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2722:Social context
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2630:Pupil dilation
2627:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2558:
2553:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2528:
2527:
2515:
2514:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2460:Daniel Goleman
2453:
2448:
2443:
2437:The Naked Face
2434:
2429:
2422:
2421:External links
2419:
2416:
2415:
2399:
2377:
2366:(1): 405–436.
2350:
2341:
2287:
2266:
2239:(1): 109–115.
2223:
2198:
2185:
2135:
2097:
2081:
2078:on 2009-06-07.
2063:
2054:
2035:
2023:
1999:
1985:
1956:(6): 874–893.
1936:
1913:
1898:
1871:(2): 124–129.
1855:
1842:
1816:
1791:
1778:
1765:
1743:
1732:(1): 141–149.
1716:
1683:
1667:
1640:
1620:
1595:
1574:
1558:
1539:(1): 103–104.
1523:
1471:
1460:(4): 470–471.
1444:
1428:
1398:
1377:
1354:
1330:
1298:
1277:
1241:
1210:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1172:Daniel Cordaro
1169:
1164:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1072:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1024:
1010:
996:
982:
969:
962:
948:
942:
927:
924:
863:
860:
859:
858:
854:
850:
831:
813:
810:
769:
766:
736:
733:
678:Fore tribesmen
671:. Findings on
629:Charles Darwin
618:
615:
611:Silvan Tomkins
586:
583:
581:
578:
556:
553:
514:The Human Face
497:
494:
441:
438:
429:
426:
390:, and actress
371:
368:
335:
332:
330:
327:
302:
301:
294:
290:
289:
286:
285:
280:
274:
273:
264:
260:
259:
253:
252:
250:
249:
246:
239:
236:
233:
230:
226:
224:
220:
219:
218:Mary Ann Mason
216:
212:
211:
200:
199:Known for
196:
195:
182:
178:
177:
171:
159:
155:
154:
146:
145:
142:
135:
134:
58:poorly sourced
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5208:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5171:Lie detection
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5126:Living people
5124:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5101:
5100:
5094:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5081:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4972:organizations
4967:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4955:Thomas Hobbes
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4924:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4897:Samuel Bowles
4895:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4881:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4864:Andrew Whiten
4862:
4860:
4859:Mark van Vugt
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4819:Roger Shepard
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4799:Mark Schaller
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4789:Steven Pinker
4787:
4785:
4784:Henry Plotkin
4782:
4780:
4779:David Perrett
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4644:Leda Cosmides
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4624:Anne Campbell
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4553:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4536:Donald Symons
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4526:Daniel Nettle
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4511:John D. Hawks
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4395:Margie Profet
4393:
4391:
4390:Jaak Panksepp
4388:
4386:
4385:Gordon Orians
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4375:Alfred Kinsey
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4365:Jared Diamond
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4307:
4305:
4300:
4298:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4208:Psychologists
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4198:Organizations
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4146:John Anderson
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4076:Ulric Neisser
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4061:Endel Tulving
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4046:Robert Zajonc
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
4001:Jerome Bruner
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:B. F. Skinner
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3931:Clark L. Hull
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3911:Sigmund Freud
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3901:William James
3899:
3897:
3896:Wilhelm Wundt
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:Psychologists
3884:
3876:
3875:Psychometrics
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3835:Consciousness
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3767:Psychophysics
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3709:Methodologies
3706:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3669:Psychotherapy
3667:
3665:
3664:Psychometrics
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3526:
3521:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3430:Developmental
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3312:
3307:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:Sign language
3226:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
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3200:
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3097:
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3094:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Freudian slip
3071:
3069:
3068:Lie detection
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3047:Mirror neuron
3045:
3043:
3039:
3038:Limbic system
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3003:Rett syndrome
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
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2979:
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2974:
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2964:
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2953:
2949:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2933:Social skills
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2908:People skills
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:Communication
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2875:
2871:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:Multi-faceted
2827:
2821:
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2813:
2812:
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2740:Display rules
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2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:Body language
2545:
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2540:
2539:
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2516:
2512:
2505:
2500:
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2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Official site
2425:
2424:
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2408:
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2396:
2392:
2391:Science20.com
2388:
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2161:
2157:
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2146:
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2140:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2116:(4): 384–92.
2115:
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2094:
2090:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1996:
1993:Ekman, Paul.
1989:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1963:
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1955:
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1820:
1806:on 2014-07-14
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1766:9780520011007
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1610:on 2014-01-05
1609:
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1387:
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1373:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1344:
1343:www.jinfo.org
1340:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1319:(4): 470–71.
1318:
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1196:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1167:Marc Brackett
1165:
1163:
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1159:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1114:Body language
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
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1091:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1060:
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1053:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1036:0-19-510446-3
1033:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1008:0-19-508944-8
1005:
1001:
997:
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987:
983:
981:
977:
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970:
967:
963:
961:
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941:
940:0-08-016643-1
937:
934:
930:
929:
923:
919:
916:
911:
908:
904:
903:Margaret Mead
898:
894:
890:
888:
887:Truth Wizards
883:
879:
877:
873:
869:
855:
851:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
829:
828:physiological
825:
824:
823:
821:
820:
812:Contributions
809:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
791:lie detection
788:
784:
780:
776:
765:
761:
758:
754:
748:
746:
741:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
701:Embarrassment
698:
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
644:
642:
641:Margaret Mead
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:
614:
612:
606:
604:
600:
599:Jurgen Ruesch
596:
592:
580:Research work
577:
575:
571:
566:
562:
552:
550:
546:
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536:
531:
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415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:group therapy
377:
367:
366:as possible.
363:
361:
360:New York City
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
299:
298:PaulEkman.com
295:
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169:(age 90)
160:
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131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
59:
55:
51:
45:
44:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
5097:
5084:
5071:
5050:
5043:
5036:
5029:
5022:
5015:
5009:Publications
4950:Denis Dutton
4935:Edmund Burke
4928:philosophers
4874:Margo Wilson
4869:Glenn Wilson
4854:Joshua Tybur
4709:Harry Harlow
4664:Anne Fernald
4653:
4639:Noam Chomsky
4604:Pascal Boyer
4584:Jesse Bering
4496:Robin Dunbar
4450:E. O. Wilson
4336:Biologists /
4326:
4121:Larry Squire
4116:Bruce McEwen
4111:Amos Tversky
4100:
4081:Jerome Kagan
4071:Noam Chomsky
4011:Hans Eysenck
3981:Harry Harlow
3961:Erik Erikson
3860:Intelligence
3757:Neuroimaging
3500:Quantitative
3465:Mathematical
3460:Intelligence
3450:Experimental
3445:Evolutionary
3435:Differential
3344:Psychologist
3144:
3063:Cold reading
3056:Applications
3030:Neuroanatomy
2675:Paralanguage
2441:Gladwell.com
2410:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2344:
2303:
2299:
2274:
2269:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2215:. Retrieved
2212:eiagroup.com
2211:
2201:
2193:
2188:
2155:
2151:
2113:
2109:
2092:
2084:
2076:the original
2066:
2057:
2038:
2026:
2015:. Retrieved
2011:
2002:
1988:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1926:
1907:
1901:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1850:
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1829:the original
1819:
1808:. Retrieved
1804:the original
1794:
1786:
1781:
1770:. Retrieved
1754:
1746:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1703:(1): 20–31.
1700:
1696:
1686:
1670:
1659:. Retrieved
1653:
1643:
1635:
1631:
1612:. Retrieved
1608:the original
1598:
1587:. Retrieved
1577:
1569:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1431:
1423:
1390:. Retrieved
1380:
1363:
1357:
1346:. Retrieved
1342:
1333:
1316:
1312:
1285:
1280:
1256:
1244:
1232:. Retrieved
1223:
1213:
1202:. Retrieved
1198:
1089:
1075:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1027:
1013:
999:
985:
972:
965:
951:
945:
932:
926:Publications
920:
914:
912:
899:
895:
891:
884:
880:
865:
843:neuroimaging
817:
815:
802:Bill Clinton
799:
794:
775:Telling Lies
774:
771:
762:
749:
742:
738:
721:Satisfaction
686:
645:
622:
620:
607:
602:
588:
564:
558:
548:
542:
532:
527:
521:
519:
512:
499:
491:
471:Telling Lies
470:
464:
452:
443:
431:
403:
396:
388:Mike Nichols
384:Susan Sontag
373:
364:
337:
311:psychologist
306:
305:
271:Anthropology
256:
242:
206:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
76:"Paul Ekman"
71:
60:
43:verification
36:
5121:1934 births
4834:Dan Sperber
4809:Nancy Segal
4649:Martin Daly
4599:John Bowlby
4481:Robert Boyd
4193:Disciplines
4166:Susan Fiske
4056:Roger Brown
3956:Carl Rogers
3941:Jean Piaget
3906:Ivan Pavlov
3762:Observation
3742:Experiments
3689:Suicidology
3584:Educational
3539:Anomalistic
3510:Theoretical
3485:Personality
3415:Comparative
3398:Cognitivism
3389:Behaviorism
3042:Limbic lobe
2807:Unconscious
2790:Missed call
2760:Social norm
2735:Conventions
2625:Eye contact
2407:Jan Plamper
2285:. Pages 400
1835:2 September
915:Being Human
697:Contentment
635:, was that
539:Pete Docter
509:documentary
502:John Cleese
5115:Categories
4960:David Hume
4902:Ernst Fehr
4794:Paul Rozin
4699:Peter Gray
4654:Paul Ekman
4619:Josep Call
4614:David Buss
4594:Paul Bloom
4579:Jay Belsky
4541:John Tooby
4506:Mark Flinn
4350:John Crook
4256:Wikisource
4101:Paul Ekman
3936:Kurt Lewin
3830:Competence
3752:Interviews
3732:Case study
3609:Humanistic
3589:Ergonomics
3574:Counseling
3549:Assessment
3531:psychology
3480:Perception
3440:Ecological
3356:psychology
3334:Philosophy
3318:Psychology
3175:Aggressive
3145:Paul Ekman
3128:Key people
3092:Technology
3078:Poker tell
2923:Social cue
2730:Chronemics
2680:Intonation
2524:Modalities
2283:0521587964
2217:2020-03-01
2017:2020-03-01
1810:2014-03-03
1772:2014-03-03
1661:2015-09-05
1614:2014-03-03
1589:2014-03-03
1392:2014-03-03
1348:2019-05-31
1204:2024-03-06
1178:References
753:Asperger's
705:Excitement
665:loneliness
549:Inside Out
544:Inside Out
479:Psychiatry
475:psychology
392:Elaine May
356:California
348:Washington
344:New Jersey
307:Paul Ekman
267:Psychology
165:1934-02-15
143:Paul Ekman
117:April 2021
87:newspapers
4679:Uta Frith
4521:Ruth Mace
4276:Wikibooks
4266:Wikiquote
4136:Ed Diener
3921:Carl Jung
3825:Cognition
3654:Political
3564:Community
3394:Cognitive
3180:Assertive
2988:Fragile X
2973:Aprosodia
2966:Disorders
2913:Semiotics
2841:Deception
2647:Proxemics
2637:Olfaction
2620:Oculesics
2605:Imitation
1632:Lie to Me
1372:229138171
862:Criticism
853:emotions.
689:Amusement
653:grossness
555:Influence
528:Lie to Me
523:Lie to Me
370:Education
334:Childhood
329:Biography
208:Lie to Me
39:citations
4917:Gad Saad
4271:Wikinews
4228:Timeline
3850:Feelings
3845:Emotions
3805:Behavior
3796:Concepts
3674:Religion
3659:Positive
3649:Pastoral
3634:Military
3599:Forensic
3594:Feminist
3579:Critical
3569:Consumer
3559:Coaching
3554:Clinical
3529:Applied
3425:Cultural
3364:Abnormal
3010:Dyssemia
2856:Intimacy
2776:Emoticon
2685:Loudness
2615:Laughter
2551:Kinesics
2542:Blushing
2535:Physical
2336:16462814
2261:14216919
2253:17221309
2172:20505706
2047:Archived
1980:21171759
1893:14013552
1553:13889754
1518:44479294
1510:17798702
1368:ProQuest
1234:July 16,
1228:Archived
1097:See also
870:via the
795:naturals
693:Contempt
673:contempt
605:(1956).
561:Time 100
504:for the
319:emotions
65:libelous
4203:Outline
3699:Traffic
3694:Systems
3629:Medical
3455:Gestalt
3329:History
3264:Subtext
3185:Passive
3154:Related
2745:Habitus
2690:Prosody
2642:Posture
2583:Gesture
2328:5773719
2308:Bibcode
2300:Science
2196:(2009).
2180:4350875
2130:8512154
1971:7360061
1950:Emotion
1885:5542557
1638:, 2009.
1490:Bibcode
1482:Science
572:of the
535:Pixar's
511:series
481:at the
293:Website
163: (
101:scholar
5096:
5083:
5070:
4233:Topics
3679:School
3604:Health
3505:Social
3408:Social
3354:Basic
3339:Portal
3238:Tadoma
2983:Autism
2938:Unsaid
2903:Nunchi
2780:Smiley
2700:Stress
2695:Rhythm
2665:Affect
2657:Speech
2334:
2326:
2281:
2259:
2251:
2178:
2170:
2152:Nature
2128:
1978:
1968:
1891:
1883:
1763:
1551:
1516:
1508:
1370:
1292:
1088:2016:
1082:
1074:2008:
1068:
1061:2003:
1054:2002:
1047:2002:
1040:1999:
1034:
1026:1998:
1020:
1012:1997:
1006:
998:1994:
992:
984:1989:
978:
971:1985:
964:1982:
958:
950:1975:
944:1973:
938:
931:1972:
757:autism
727:, and
717:Relief
667:, and
440:Career
354:, and
352:Oregon
263:Fields
223:Awards
215:Spouse
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
4883:Other
4180:Lists
3639:Music
3624:Media
3619:Legal
3470:Moral
2769:Other
2458:with
2332:S2CID
2257:S2CID
2176:S2CID
1931:(PDF)
1889:S2CID
1514:S2CID
729:Shame
709:Guilt
669:shock
649:wrath
496:Media
108:JSTOR
94:books
32:This
3865:Mind
3254:Mime
2705:Tone
2588:List
2324:PMID
2279:ISBN
2249:PMID
2168:PMID
2126:PMID
1976:PMID
1881:PMID
1837:2009
1761:ISBN
1679:Time
1549:PMID
1506:PMID
1290:ISBN
1236:2024
1080:ISBN
1066:ISBN
1032:ISBN
1018:ISBN
1004:ISBN
990:ISBN
976:ISBN
956:ISBN
936:ISBN
657:fear
565:Time
243:Time
158:Born
80:news
41:for
2368:doi
2316:doi
2304:164
2241:doi
2160:doi
2156:465
2118:doi
1966:PMC
1958:doi
1873:doi
1734:doi
1705:doi
1634:".
1541:doi
1498:doi
1486:139
1462:doi
1321:doi
1261:doi
755:or
680:in
661:joy
621:In
506:BBC
416:at
5117::
3040:/
2778:/
2549:/
2439:,
2409:.
2393:.
2389:.
2364:15
2362:.
2330:.
2322:.
2314:.
2302:.
2290:^
2255:.
2247:.
2237:31
2235:.
2210:.
2174:.
2166:.
2154:.
2138:^
2124:.
2114:48
2112:.
2100:^
2010:.
1974:.
1964:.
1954:10
1952:.
1948:.
1916:^
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