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155:, Tibiriçá's daughter. The wedding ceremony followed an Indian tradition, and a partnership was established between Bartira's father and João Ramalho, to the point that Tibiriçá would do nothing without first consulting his son-in-law. Even though he was Portuguese, Ramalho was totally indigenized, his life and his children's lives imitated the Indians'. Ramalho had many wives besides Bartira, his children dated sisters and had children with them, went to war with the Indians and their parties were Indian parties, they lived naked like the Indians themselves. Because he was not married on paper, he had problems with the Jesuits, being expelled from a mass and later excommunicated by the Catholic Church.
211:, two of the most lucrative products in the 16th, 17th, and 18th century. As a consequence, it did not receive the same influx of black slaves during the 16th and 17th centuries as the more prosperous provinces of Brazil. Nevertheless, the number of black slaves increased substantially in São Paulo during the Brazilian Empire, as the slave traffic reached its peak during the first half of the 19th century. After the abolition of the international slave trade in 1850, many more slaves were transferred from declining regions of Brazil to work in coffee plantations.
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144:, considered the "father of paulistas" and the "founder of paulistanity". Ramalho left continental Portugal for Terra de Vera Cruz when Catarina Fernandes das Vacas, his wife, was pregnant; the reasons why he left Europe are not known. Living in the Paulista lands probably since 1508, twenty-four years before the beginning of the Portuguese colonization in the region, he soon adapted to the land and the indigenous, coming to know
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regions. Both the coffee planters and the
Brazilian government, however, were aware that the abolition of slavery could be postponed but not avoided at all; as a result, a few experiments in immigration were tried during this period, and some ideas were discussed, including the immigration of Chinese workers. Only in the 1880s, however, did immigration start in earnest.
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Much is made of a supposed "whitening" ideology, or even "program", but the cold fact is that, when faced with the impossibility of obtaining
European manpower, the coffee barons had no qualms about resorting to Japanese immigrants. A curious fact from this period was the immigration of American Southerners, called
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in the nineteenth century. Those coffee plantations were manned, from the beginning, by slaves, and remained so during most of the 19th century. Not even the abolition of the transatlantic trade changed this, with the coffee barons resorting to the import of slaves from the
Northeastern and Southern
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From then on, immigration was the solution adopted to what was seen as a labour shortage, and
Italian and Spanish immigrants made the bulk of the workers brought to coffee plantations; the reasons why ex-slaves were not employed, or were only marginally employed, are unclear and subject to debate.
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eventually sparked urbanisation and industrialisation; the growing urban environment attracted even more immigrants, especially
Armenians, Italians, Germans, Portuguese, Syrians, and Lebanese. Later, as the foreign immigration declined, a strong chain of internal migration from other regions of
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was born, which spread through generations, thus giving rise to the first paulistas, who, due to the poverty of the
Piratininga Fields as well as the poverty of the Capitania of São Vicente itself in the beginning, gave rise to many future
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backlands, expand the paulista territory and spread its culture, which suffered many
European influences, predominantly Italian, with the immigrations that began at the end of the 19th century.
243:, moving from a country where slavery had been abolished to one where it still existed. Of course, those were not manual workers and did not come to work in coffee plantations.
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slaves to work in
Paulista lands. As a result, the contact established during this period of wars between the Paulistas and the Spanish brought elements of the
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due to mass immigration and the obligation of the
Portuguese language imposed by the governments of Brazil, initially from 1758 on, with a decree by
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developed, the
Portuguese element predominated in the population, the Indians being either absorbed or killed. But the
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The economic development of São Paulo only really took off with the founding of
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With the union of Ramalho and Bartira, a large family of
344:.: HELB - História do Ensino de Línguas no Brasil :
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132:The paulista history begins with the arrival of
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16:Inhabitants of the state of São Paulo, Brazil
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179:As the bandeirantes gained power and the
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39:This article includes a list of general
187:, enlarged by the bandeiras to include
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294:Today it has a few registers, being a
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319:Sánchez-Albornoz, Nicolás (1974).
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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140:adventurer and explorer born in
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58:introducing
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138:Portuguese
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93:São Paulo
89:Paulistas
224:Tropeiro
160:caboclos
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