Indian peafowl - Knowledge

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curled. The fan-shaped crest on the head is made of feathers with bare black shafts and tipped with bluish-green webbing. A white stripe above the eye and a crescent shaped white patch below the eye are formed by bare white skin. The sides of the head have iridescent greenish blue feathers. The back has scaly bronze-green feathers with black and copper markings. The scapular and the wings are buff and barred in black, the primaries are chestnut and the secondaries are black. The tail is dark brown and the "train" is made up of elongated upper tail coverts (more than 200 feathers, the actual tail has only 20 feathers) and nearly all of these feathers end with an elaborate eye-spot. A few of the outer feathers lack the spot and end in a crescent shaped black tip. The underside is dark glossy green shading into blackish under the tail. The thighs are buff coloured. The male has a spur on the leg above the hind toe.

315:, which bear colourful eyespots. These stiff feathers are raised into a fan and quivered in a display during courtship. Despite the length and size of these covert feathers, the Indian peacock is still capable of flight. The peahen lacks the train, has a white face, iridescent green lower neck and dull brown plumage. The Indian peafowl lives mainly on the ground in open forest or on land under cultivation where it forages for berries and grains, and also prey on snakes, lizards and small rodents. Its loud calls make it easy to detect, and in forest areas often indicate the presence of a predator. It forages on the ground in small groups and usually escapes on foot through undergrowth and avoids flying, though it flies into tall trees to roost. 979:

there is little variation in the number of eyespots in adult males. It is rare for adult males to lose a significant number of eyespots. Therefore, females' selection might depend on other sexual traits of males' trains. The quality of train is an honest signal of the condition of males; peahens do select males on the basis of their plumage. A recent study on a natural population of Indian peafowls in the Shivalik area of India has proposed a "high maintenance handicap" theory. It states that only the fittest males can afford the time and energy to maintain a long tail. Therefore, the long train is an indicator of good body condition, which results in greater mating success. While train length seems to correlate positively with

570: 689: 1334: 964: 1187: 51: 975:: they raise the feathers into a fan and quiver them. However, recent studies have failed to find a relation between the number of displayed eyespots and mating success. Marion Petrie tested whether or not these displays signaled a male's genetic quality by studying a feral population of peafowl in Whipsnade Wildlife Park in southern England. She showed that the number of eyespots in the train predicted a male's mating success, and this success could be manipulated by cutting the eyespots off some of the male's ornate feathers. 704:. In the Indian subcontinent, it is found mainly below an elevation of 1,800 m (5,900 ft) and in rare cases seen at about 2,000 m (6,600 ft). It is found in moist and dry-deciduous forests, but can adapt to live in cultivated regions and around human habitations and is usually found where water is available. In many parts of northern India, they are protected by religious practices and will forage around villages and towns for scraps. Some have suggested that the peacock was introduced into 590: 122: 1011:, showed little variance across male populations, and, based on physiological data collected from this group of peafowl, do not correlate to male physical conditions. Adeline Loyau and her colleagues responded to Takahashi's study by voicing concern that alternative explanations for these results had been overlooked, and that these might be essential for the understanding of the complexity of mate choice. They concluded that female choice might indeed vary in different ecological conditions. 1219: 1035: 1302:

India is that the peacock does not copulate with the peahen but that she is impregnated by other means. The stories vary and include the idea that the peacock looks at its ugly feet and cries whereupon the tears are fed on by the peahen causing it to be orally impregnated while other variants incorporate sperm transfer from beak to beak. Similar ideas have also been ascribed to Indian crow species. In Greek mythology the origin of the peacock's plumage is explained in the tale of

1024: 69: 629:(1809–1882) presented firm evidence for it being a variety under domestication, which treatment is now well established and accepted. It being a colour variation rather than a wild species was important for Darwin to prove, as otherwise it could undermine his theory of slow modification by natural selection in the wild. It is, however, only a case of genetic variation within the population. In this mutation, the adult male is melanistic with black wings. Young birds with the 246: 493: 97: 879: 852:

from any green or blue pigments but from the micro-structure of the feathers and the resulting optical phenomena. The long train feathers (and tarsal spurs) of the male develop only after the second year of life. Fully developed trains are found in birds older than four years. In northern India, these begin to develop each February and are moulted at the end of August. The moult of the flight feathers may be spread out across the year.

4575: 4503: 674: 1388:, and is the subject of several folktales and songs in Yiddish. Peacocks are frequently used in European heraldry. Heraldic peacocks are most often depicted as facing the viewer and with their tails displayed. In this pose, the peacock is referred to as being "in his pride". Peacock tails, in isolation from the rest of the bird, are rare in British heraldry, but see frequent use in German systems. 843:, along with 213 tRNAs, 236 snoRNAs, and 540 miRNAs. The peacock genome was found to have less repetitive DNA (8.62%) than that of the chicken genome (9.45%). PSMC analysis suggested that the peacock suffered at least two bottlenecks (around four million years ago and again 450,000 years ago), which resulted in a severe reduction in its effective population size. 937:, who wrote that Thayer had only managed to paint the peacock's plumage as camouflage by sleight of hand, "with the blue sky showing through the leaves in just sufficient quantity here and there to warrant the author-artists explaining that the wonderful blue hues of the peacock's neck are obliterative because they make it fade into the sky." 1210:

damage plants, attack their reflections (thereby breaking glass and mirrors), perch and scratch cars or leave their droppings. Many cities where they have been introduced and gone feral have peafowl management programmes. These include educating citizens on how to prevent the birds from causing damage while treating the birds humanely.

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at the roost, many population studies are made at these sites. The population structure is not well understood. In a study in northern India (Jodhpur), the number of males was 170–210 for 100 females but a study involving evening counts at the roost site in southern India (Injar) suggested a ratio of 47 males for 100 females.

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coverts into an arched fan. The wings are held half open and drooped and it periodically vibrates the long feathers, producing a ruffling sound. The cock faces the hen initially and struts and prances around and sometimes turns around to display the tail. Males may also freeze over food to invite a female in a form of

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Poaching of peacocks for their meat and feathers and accidental poisoning by feeding on pesticide treated seeds are known threats to wild birds. Methods to identify if feathers have been plucked or have been shed naturally have been developed, as Indian law allows only the collection of feathers that

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Peafowl forage on the ground in small groups, known as musters, that usually have a cock and 3 to 5 hens. After the breeding season, the flocks tend to be made up only of females and young. They are found in the open early in the mornings and tend to stay in cover during the heat of the day. They are

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is slightly lighter in body mass despite the male having a longer train on average than the male of the Indian species. Their size, colour and shape of crest make them unmistakable within their native distribution range. The male is metallic blue on the crown, the feathers of the head being short and

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In Buddhist philosophy, the peacock represents wisdom. Peacock feathers are used in many rituals and ornamentation. Peacock motifs are widespread in Indian temple architecture, old coinage, textiles and continue to be used in many modern items of art and utility. A folk belief found in many parts of

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Peafowl are omnivorous and eat seeds, insects (including termites), worms, fruits, small mammals, frogs, and reptiles (such as lizards). They feed on small snakes but keep their distance from larger ones. In the Gir forest of Gujarat, a large percentage of their food is made up of the fallen berries

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The peak season in southern India is April to May, January to March in Sri Lanka and June in northern India. The nest is a shallow scrape in the ground lined with leaves, sticks and other debris. Nests are sometimes placed on buildings and, in earlier times, have been recorded using the disused nest

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species is actually the least ornamented one. This finding suggests a chase-away sexual selection, in which "females evolve resistance to male ploys". A study in Japan goes on to conclude that the "peacocks' train is an obsolete signal for which female preference has already been lost or weakened".

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Peafowl roost in groups during the night on tall trees but may sometimes make use of rocks, buildings or pylons. In the Gir forest, they chose tall trees in steep river banks. Birds arrive at dusk and call frequently before taking their position on the roost trees. Due to this habit of congregating

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Peafowl are best known for the male's extravagant display feathers which, despite actually growing from their back, are thought of as a tail. The "train" is in reality made up of the enormously elongated upper tail coverts. The tail itself is brown and short as in the peahen. The colours result not

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usage of the 1850s, to peacock meant making visits to ladies and gentlemen in the morning. In the 1890s, the term "peacocking" in Australia referred to the practice of buying up the best pieces of land ("picking the eyes") so as to render the surrounding lands valueless. The English word "peacock"

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Indian peafowl are widely distributed in the wild across South Asia and protected both culturally in many areas and by law in India. Conservative estimates of the population put them at more than 100,000. Illegal poaching for meat, however, continues and declines have been noted in parts of India.

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A 2013 study that tracked the eye movements of peahens responding to male displays found that they looked in the direction of the upper train of feathers only when at long distances and that they looked only at the lower feathers when males displayed close to them. The rattling of the tail and the

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In parts of India, the birds can be a nuisance to agriculture as they damage crops. Its adverse effects on crops, however, seem to be offset by the beneficial role it plays by consuming prodigious quantities of pests such as grasshoppers. They can also be a problem in gardens and homes where they

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site and these males are often closely related. Males at leks appear to maintain small territories next to each other and they allow females to visit them and make no attempt to guard harems. Females do not appear to favour specific males. The males display in courtship by raising the upper-tail

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proposes positive feedback between female preference for elaborate trains and the elaborate train itself. This model assumes that the male train is a relatively recent evolutionary adaptation. However, a molecular phylogeny study on peacock-pheasants shows the opposite; the most recently evolved

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Although the removal of eyespots makes males less successful in mating, eyespot removal substantially changes the appearance of male peafowls. It is likely that females mistake these males for sub-adults, or perceive that the males are physically damaged. Moreover, in a feral peafowl population,

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Peafowl produce loud calls especially in the breeding season. They may call at night when alarmed and neighbouring birds may call in a relay like series. Nearly seven different call variants have been identified in the peacocks apart from six alarm calls that are commonly produced by both sexes.

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The adult peahen has a rufous-brown head with a crest as in the male but the tips are chestnut edged with green. The upper body is brownish with pale mottling. The primaries, secondaries and tail are dark brown. The lower neck is metallic green and the breast feathers are dark brown glossed with

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However, some disagreement has arisen in recent years concerning whether or not female peafowl do indeed select males with more ornamented trains. In contrast to Petrie's findings, a seven-year Japanese study of free-ranging peafowl came to the conclusion that female peafowl do not select mates

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Peacocks are a larger sized bird with a length from bill to tail of 100 to 115 cm (39 to 45 in) and to the end of a fully grown train as much as 195 to 225 cm (77 to 89 in) and weigh 4–6 kg (8.8–13.2 lb). The females, or peahens, are smaller at around 95 cm

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diversity in males, females do not appear to use train length to choose males. A study in Japan also suggests that peahens do not choose peacocks based on their ornamental plumage, including train length, number of eyespots and train symmetry. Another study in France brings up two possible

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Cultivated plants and domesticated animals in their migration from Asia to Europe: historico-linguistic studies Volume 7 of Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series I, Amsterdam classics in

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The earliest usage of the word in written English is from around 1300 and spelling variants include pecok, pekok, pecokk, peacocke, peacock, pyckock, poucock, pocok, pokok, pokokke, and poocok among others. The current spelling was established in the late 17th century.

1294:, sheltered under the wing of peacock and later blessed it with a "thousand eyes" and fearlessness from serpents. Another story has Indra who after being cursed with a thousand ulcers was transformed into a peacock with a thousand eyes and this curse was removed by 657:) produce a stable hybrid called a "Spalding", named after Mrs. Keith Spalding, a bird fancier in California. There can be problems if birds of unknown pedigree are released into the wild, as the viability of such hybrids and their offspring is often reduced (see 633:

mutation are creamy white with fulvous-tipped wings. The gene produces melanism in the male and in the peahen it produces a dilution of colour with creamy white and brown markings. Other forms include the pied and white mutations, all of which are the result of

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and follow the mother around after hatching. Downy young may sometimes climb on their mothers' back and the female may carry them in flight to a safe tree branch. An unusual instance of a male incubating a clutch of eggs has been reported.

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Kimball, R.T.; Braun, E.L.; Ligon, J.D.; Lucchini, V.; Randi, E. (2001). "A molecular phylogeny of the peacock-pheasants (Galliformes: Polyplectron spp.) indicates loss and reduction of ornamental traits and display behaviours".

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uses a stylized peacock as a legacy of its early introduction of color television, alluding to the brilliant color of a peacock, and continues to promote the bird as a trademark of its broadcasting and streaming services.

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Peafowl breed readily in captivity and as free-ranging ornamental fowl. Zoos, parks, bird-fanciers and dealers across the world maintain breeding populations that do not need to be augmented by the capture of wild birds.

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season and may be delivered in alarm or when disturbed by loud noises. In forests, their calls often indicate the presence of a predators such as the tiger. They also make many other calls such as a rapid series of

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These birds were often kept in menageries and as ornaments in large gardens and estates. In medieval times, knights in Europe took a "Vow of the Peacock" and decorated their helmets with its plumes. In several

992:. The second explanation suggests that "the cost of trait expression may vary with environmental conditions," so that a trait that is indicative of a particular quality may not work in another environment. 533:

green. The remaining underparts are whitish. Downy young are pale buff with a dark brown mark on the nape that connects with the eyes. Young males look like the females but the wings are chestnut coloured.

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regularly prey upon peafowls as adult peafowls are difficult to catch since they can usually escape ground predators by flying into trees. They are also sometimes hunted by large birds of prey such as the

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Chourasia, Pooja, et al. "Food habits of golden jackal (Canis aureus) and striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Western India." World Journal of Zoology 7.2 (2012): 106-112.

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explanations for the conflicting results that exist. The first explanation is that there might be a genetic variation of the trait of interest under different geographical areas due to a

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have been documented. Peafowl were said to keep an area free of snakes. In 1526, the legal issue as to whether peacocks were wild or domestic fowl was thought sufficiently important for

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Gurjar, Raju Lal, Ramesh Pratap Singh, and Ashok Mishra. "Density of the Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus in Satpura Tiger Reserve, India." Journal homepage: www. wesca. net 8.1 (2013).

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solely on the basis of their trains. Mariko Takahashi found no evidence that peahens expressed any preference for peacocks with more elaborate trains (such as trains having more

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Foraging in groups provides some safety as there are more eyes to look out for predators. They also roost on high tree tops to avoid terrestrial predators, especially leopards.

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fond of dust-bathing and at dusk, groups walk in single file to a favourite waterhole to drink. When disturbed, they usually escape by running and rarely take to flight.

519: 1071:. Males may display even in the absence of females. When a male is displaying, females do not appear to show any interest and usually continue their foraging. 3718: 2324: 1243:, has enjoyed a fabled place in India since and is frequently depicted in temple art, mythology, poetry, folk music and traditions. A Sanskrit derivation of 1103:. They also feed on tree and flower buds, petals, grain, and grass and bamboo shoots. Around cultivated areas, peafowl feed on a wide range of crops such as 2689:

Ros, Albert; Correia, Maria; Wingfield, John; Oliveira, Rui (2009). "Mounting an immune response correlates with decreased androgen levels in male peafowl,

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of having a large and costly train. However, the mechanism may be less straightforward than it seems – the cost could arise from depression of the

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van Grouw, H. & Dekkers, W. 2023. The taxonomic history of Black-shouldered Peafowl; with Darwin’s help downgraded from species to variation.

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as he failed to see an adaptive advantage for the extravagant tail which seemed only to be an encumbrance. Darwin developed a second principle of

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Hayward, M. W., W. Jędrzejewski, and B. Jedrzejewska. "Prey preferences of the tiger P anthera tigris." Journal of Zoology 286.3 (2012): 221-231.

625:)) and was a topic of some interest during Darwin's time. Others had doubts about its taxonomic status, but the English naturalist and biologist 2124: 8084: 1007:), a more symmetrical arrangement, or a greater length. Takahashi determined that the peacock's train was not the universal target of female 4469: 501:(37 in) in length and weigh 2.75–4 kg (6.1–8.8 lb). Indian peafowl are among the largest and heaviest representatives of the 8210: 908:

to resolve the problem, though in the prevailing intellectual trends of Victorian Britain, the theory failed to gain widespread attention.

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their fitness in proportion to the splendour of their trains. Despite extensive study, opinions remain divided on the mechanisms involved.

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by 450 BCE and may have been introduced even earlier. It has since been introduced in many other parts of the world and has become

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Takahashi, M.; Arita, H.; Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M.; Hasegawa, T. (2008). "Peahens do not prefer peacocks with more elaborate trains".

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In captivity, birds have been known to live for 23 years but it is estimated that they live for only about 15 years in the wild.

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In the 1970s a possible resolution to the apparent contradiction between natural selection and sexual selection was proposed.

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Prominent in many cultures, the peacock has been used in numerous iconic representations, including being designated the

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Somes, RG Jr.; Burger, R. E. (1993). "Inheritance of the White and Pied Plumage Color Patterns in the Indian Peafowl (

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The ornate train is believed to be the result of sexual selection by the females. Males use their ornate trains in a

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Loyau, A.; Petrie, M.; Jalme, M.S.; Sorci, G. (2008). "Do peahens not prefer peacocks with more elaborate trains?".

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The function of the Indian peacock's elaborate train has been debated for over a century. In the 19th century,

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Takahashi M; Hasegawa, T (2008). "Seasonal and diurnal use of eight different call types by Indian peafowl (

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Flower, M.S.S. (1938). "The duration of life in animals – IV. Birds: special notes by orders and families".

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Yorzinski, Jessica L.; Patricelli, Gail L.; Babcock, Jason S.; Pearson, John M.; Platt, Michael L. (2013).

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for kill and said to mean "killer of snakes". It is also likely that the Sanskrit term is a borrowing from

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Emeneau, M.B (1943). "Studies in the Folk-Tales of India: I: Some Origin Stories of the Todas and Kotas".

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warriors and the flesh of the bird was said to cure snake venom and many other maladies. Numerous uses in

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The colours of the peacock and the contrast with the much duller peahen were a puzzle to early thinkers.

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or by humans in some areas (southern Tamil Nadu) for folk remedies involving the use of "peacock oil".

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has come to be used to describe a man who is very proud or gives a lot of attention to his clothing.

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stories, the titular archer uses arrows fletched with peacock feathers. Feathers were buried with

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Dakin, R; Montgomerie, R (2011). "Peahens prefer peacocks displaying more eyespots, but rarely".

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Rands, M.R.M.; Ridley, M.W.; Lelliott, A.D. (1984). "The social organization of feral peafowl".

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Sahajpal, V.; Goyal, S.P. (2008). "Identification of shed or plucked origin of Indian Peafowl (

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Marien, Daniel (1951). "Notes on some pheasants from southwestern Asia, with remarks on molt".

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to summon all the English judges to give their opinion, which was that they are domestic fowl.

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There are several colour mutations of Indian peafowl. These very rarely occur in the wild, but

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A white peafowl that is maintained by selective breeding in many parks such as this one at the

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Shrivastava AB, Nair NR, Awadhiya RP, Katiyar AK (1992). "Traumatic ventriculitis in Peacock (

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which are incubated only by the female. The eggs take about 28 days to hatch. The chicks are

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Somes, RG Jr.; R. E. Burger (1991). "Plumage Color Inheritance of the Indian Blue Peafowl (

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Roosevelt, Theodore (1911). "Revealing and concealing coloration in birds and mammals".

2264: 2008: 1414: 925:, denying the possibility of sexual selection and arguing that essentially all forms of 885:

in his "Peacock in the Woods" (1907) suggested that the function of the ornate tail was

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Alexander JP (1983). "Probable diazinon poisoning in peafowl: a clinical description".

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The first whole-genome sequencing of Indian peafowl identified a total of 15,970

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on Protection Island, Jefferson County, Washington, USA. Pavo 34(1&2):23–31.

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Arviazhagan, C.; Arumugam, R.; Thiyagesan, K. (2007). "Food habits of leopard (

1810: 1307: 1165: 985: 902:"sight of a feather in a peacock's tail, whenever I gaze at it, makes me sick!" 893: 728: 626: 449: 437:

was raised and influenced by peacock farmers, was named after the terminology.

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Pheasant, partridges and grouse, including buttonquails, sandgrouse and allies

2706: 2391: 30:"Common peacock" redirects here. For the butterfly with this common name, see 8204: 8045: 7655: 7345: 7271: 6529: 6513: 6478: 5452: 5181: 5106: 5037: 4553: 4521: 2537:

The mating mind : how sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature

1858: 1423: 1230: 1218: 1195: 1144: 1127:. In the countryside, it is particularly partial to crops and garden plants. 989: 953: 840: 724: 646: 510: 430: 398:(1343–1400) used the word to refer to a proud and ostentatious person in his 377: 350: 346: 297: 232: 106: 101: 4005: 2106: 1034: 8024: 7829: 7325: 7116: 6972: 6648: 6612: 6146: 5846: 5751: 5582: 5468: 5417: 5382: 5253: 5243: 5096: 4973: 4898: 4700: 4591: 3825: 3704: 3011: 2947: 2879: 2036: 1365: 1116: 1023: 941: 776: 331: 68: 4385: 4364: 3856:

Early Loan Words in Western Central Asia: Substrates, Migrations and Trade

3657: 3649: 2814: 8058: 7993: 7838: 7225: 7106: 7017: 6927: 6757: 6603: 6578: 6494: 6453: 6169: 5503: 5234: 5209: 5115: 5008: 4807: 4791: 4761: 4269:

Galusha, JG; Hill, LM (1996) A study of the behaviour of Indian Peacocks

2932: 2715: 2249:"Light as a Feather: Structural Elements Give Peacock Plumes Their Color" 1712:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 123–126. 1385: 1008: 820: 617:

mutation was initially considered as a subspecies of the Indian peafowl (

506: 502: 193: 183: 173: 8135: 4457: 2852:

Hale, M.L.; Verduijn, M.H.; Moller, A.P.; Wolff, K.; Petrie, M. (2009).

2650:

Zahavi, Amotz; Avishag Zahavi, Amir Balaban, Melvin Patrick Ely (1999).

8182: 7985: 7526: 7305: 7255: 7245: 7181: 6882: 6857: 6444: 6409: 6100: 6067: 6055: 5686: 5631: 5592: 5288: 5172: 5158: 5057: 4859: 4647: 4463: 2993: 2851: 2320: 2151: 1957: 1675:

The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. Volume 5

1346: 1315: 1270:

is often depicted with a feather in his headband, while worshippers of

1263: 1084: 930: 886: 796: 748: 492: 245: 3990: 3832:. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. p. 40. 2273: 2248: 915:

tried to show, from his own imagination, the value of the eyespots as

804: 7446: 7361: 6386: 5786: 5544: 5408: 4869: 4040:"The archaeological record of domesticated and tamed birds in Sweden" 3719:"La Canada, California, City Council, Peafowl Management Plan Update" 3403: 2978:"Through their eyes: selective attention in peahens during courtship" 2360: 1275: 816: 808: 800: 772: 701: 614: 133: 7998: 7800: 4346:

Sharma, IK (1972). "Etude ecologique de la reproduction de la paon (

3605:(Aves: Galliformes: Phasianidae): keeping the common species common" 2635: 2312: 2143: 1940: 878: 7959: 7823: 7501: 7296: 7216: 6469: 6399: 6123: 5067: 4908: 4779: 4299:

Rao, MS; Zaki, S; Ganesh, T (1981). "Colibacillosis in a Peacock".

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Boynton, Mary Fuertes (1952). "Abbott Thayer and Natural History".

2232: 2219: 1354: 1240: 1099: 1080: 897: 784: 760: 752: 744: 602: 477: 414: 153: 4574: 3079: 1062:

at the age of 2 to 3 years old. Several males may congregate at a

7892: 5901: 5821: 5373: 5269: 4820: 4411:

Sharma, IK (1981). "Adaptations and commensality of the Peafowl (

2975: 1377: 1267: 1156: 1136: 1124: 1047: 1015:

shaking of the wings helped in keeping the attention of females.

957: 824: 768: 677: 598: 545: 281: 278: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 2965:(Fourth ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 179–222. 2456: 673: 7879: 5641: 5443: 5326: 5162: 4773: 4708: 3115: 1350: 1311: 1295: 1291: 1120: 1108: 1104: 828: 788: 764: 756: 740: 736: 713: 705: 635: 399: 330:, is widely but not universally accepted. In the 20th century, 143: 4730: 4427: 1629:(4th ed.). Gurney and Jackson, London. pp. 401–410. 8156: 7954: 4830: 4502: 3346: 3272: 2412: 1678:(2nd ed.). Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 282–284. 1653:

The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds

1287: 1271: 1152: 1148: 1140: 1039: 792: 780: 717: 422: 386:

in 1758 assigned to the Indian peafowl the technical name of

358: 4329:

Sharma, IK (1970). "Analyse ecologique des parades du paon (

3050: 2821:

Linn. 1758 During the Mating Period in a Natural Population"

1589: 1337:

A peacock or in his pride, on a field azure, on the arms of

4785: 3150: 2960: 2893: 2891: 2889: 1656:. Vol. 4. Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 681–70. 1303: 613:

has made them common in captivity. The black-shouldered or

418: 163: 3486: 2652:

The handicap principle: a missing piece of Darwin's puzzle

1871: 1222:

Kartikeya with his consorts riding a peacock, painting by

919:

in a 1907 painting. He used the painting in his 1909 book

2056:, Linnaeus in the neighbourhood of Simla, N.W. Himalayas" 1991:

Leimu, R.; Fischer, M. (2010). Bruun, Hans Henrik (ed.).

1840: 1392: 1319: 1169: 4080:"Letter from the Desk of David Challinor, November 2001" 3529: 2886: 4394:

Sharma, IK (1974). "Notes ecologique sur le paon bleu,

4298: 4130: 4112:

The King's Cardinal: The rise and Fall of Thomas Wolsey

3678: 2815:

Harikrishnan, S.; Vasudevan, K.; Sivakumar, K. (2010).

1741: 4254:

https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxduoft

2737: 2373: 1993:"Between-Population Outbreeding Affects Plant Defence" 1412: 4312:

Sharma, IK (1969). "Habitat et comportment du Pavon (

3598: 3416:) in a tropical dry thorn forest of southern India". 2559: 2539:(1st Anchor Books ed.). New York: Anchor Books. 2207:. Agricultural Protection Board of Western Australia. 1941:"Sex ratio and unisexual sterility in hybrid animals" 5135: 696:

The Indian peafowl is a resident breeder across the

464:) has been said to have been derived from the Tamil 322:

found it a puzzle, hard to explain through ordinary

3904: 2621: 2495: 1274:associate the bird as the steed of the God of war, 1266:. Many Hindu deities are associated with the bird, 3443: 3239: 3028:. Rolling Hills Wildlife Adventure. Archived from 2624:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2290:"Ecological Studies of the Plumes of the Peacock ( 1744:"The ecology and behaviour of the Indian Peafowl ( 1595:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 263. 1558: 1278:(also known as Skanda or Murugan). A story in the 933:. He was roundly criticised in a lengthy paper by 3583: 2049: 1707: 1438:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679435A92814454.en 8202: 4133:A dictionary of slang and unconventional English 1079:. The clutch consists of 4–8 fawn to buff white 544:. The frequency of calling increases before the 4365:"Ecological studies of biomass of the Peafowl ( 3852: 3767:"Living with peafowl. City of Dunedin, Florida" 3571:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 3568: 3311: 3051:Petrie, M.; Krupa, A. & Burke, T. (1999). 2961:Davies, N.B.; Krebs, J.R.; West, S.A. (2012). 2348: 1845:): Blue, Black-Shouldered, Cameo, and Oaten". 1622: 1536:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 11, 26, 139. 723:The Indian peafowl has been introduced to the 484:and is associated with the killing of snakes. 444:and was related to the Persian "tavus" (as in 390:(means "crested peafowl" in classical Latin). 4746: 4485: 4458:First recorded breeding in the wild in Africa 4252:, T.C. and E.C. Jack, London, 1909, 246-247, 4020: 3891:Ramavijaya (The mythological history of Rama) 3789: 3418:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 3250:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 2598:Invisible: The Dangerous Allure of the Unseen 2088: 2060:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 1821: 1533:Peacock in Indian art, thought and literature 429:. It is debated that the nomenclature of the 303:The Indian peafowl displays a marked form of 4276:Ganguli, U (1965) A Peahen nests on a roof. 3968: 3635: 3532:"Group size and vigilance in Indian Peafowl 2674:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2498:"Activity patterns in a colony of Peafowls ( 1990: 1811:https://doi.org/10.25226/bboc.v143i1.2023.a7 1807:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1783:"On the black-shouldered peafowl of Latham ( 1649: 1529: 1462:An etymological dictionary of modern English 296:, although both sexes are often referred to 4003: 2594: 2457:Parasharya, BM; Mukherjee, Aeshita (1999). 2202: 2122: 1932: 1905: 1710:Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan 1556: 922:Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom 668: 557:. They often emit an explosive low-pitched 4753: 4739: 4492: 4478: 4410: 4393: 4362: 4345: 4328: 4311: 2287: 1901: 1899: 1780: 1671: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1458: 1181: 244: 95: 67: 49: 5590: 4805: 4384: 4187:"A Peacock's Dream: Introducing In geveb" 4085:. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from 4037: 3887: 3620: 3601:"On the current status of Indian Peafowl 3216: 3194:"Unusual breeding site of Indian Peafowl" 3153:"Courtship Feeding in Gallinaceous Birds" 3001: 2936:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2869: 2836: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2714: 2615: 2272: 2231: 2026: 2016: 1436: 1310:. The main figure of the Yazidi religion 1155:can ambush adult peafowls. However, only 6053: 5104: 4867: 4217:"The Golden Peacock | Jewish Folk Songs" 4027:. George Allen & Unwin Ltd., London. 3971:Journal of the American Oriental Society 3894:. Bombay: Dubhashi & Co. p. 14. 3683:) tail feathers: Preliminary findings". 3347:Trivedi, Pranav; Johnsingh, AJT (1995). 3191: 2588: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2413:Trivedi, Pranav; Johnsingh, AJT (1996). 1737: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1485: 1332: 1233:of India in 1963. The peacock, known as 1217: 1185: 1033: 1022: 962: 877: 846: 712:, while others say the bird had reached 700:and inhabits the drier lowland areas of 687: 672: 588: 568: 564: 516: 491: 292:, and female peafowl are referred to as 6384: 5065: 4464:Article with video about Indian peafowl 4454:from the BBC archive on Wildlife Finder 3939: 3792:"Folklore of birds and beasts of India" 2217: 2118: 2116: 1938: 1896: 1609: 1590:Hehn, Victor; James P. Mallory (1976). 1486:Mookerji, Radhakumud (1 January 2016). 1384:) is considered by some as a symbol of 14: 8203: 4239: 3869:from the original on 16 September 2012 3824: 3293:from the original on 25 September 2022 3151:Stokes, A.W.; Williams, H. W. (1971). 2766: 2534: 2459:"Roosting behaviour of Indian Peafowl 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1667: 1665: 1663: 372: 7805: 7804: 6383: 6052: 4804: 4734: 4473: 4285:Prakash, M (1968) Mating of Peacocks 4167:from the original on 8 September 2010 4024:Secret sects of Syria and the Lebanon 3487:Tehsin, Raza; Tehsin, Fatema (1990). 2445: 2184:from the original on 12 November 2022 2091:"The birds of Old English literature" 2070:from the original on 16 February 2019 1972:from the original on 28 November 2019 1890:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111277 1726: 1565:. Chatto and Windus, London. p. 1525: 1523: 1521: 601:mutation is commonly mistaken for an 468:but sometimes traced to the Egyptian 8123:5ef59b86-b1e8-4831-a7d6-6d6ca540ee47 4828: 3943:Faune populaire de la France. Tome 6 3511:from the original on 14 October 2018 2415:"Roost selection by Indian Peafowl ( 2246: 2113: 1506:from the original on 13 October 2023 1130: 834: 476:the word for peacock is "tavas". In 8211:IUCN Red List least concern species 3950:from the original on 11 August 2017 3530:Yasmin, Shahla; Yahya, HSA (2000). 3173:from the original on 4 January 2014 2963:Introduction to Behavioural Ecology 2171: 1914:. Reaktion Books, London. pp. 1682: 1660: 1424:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1406: 1258:(whence the Tamil word for peacock 867: 24: 4573: 4263: 4227:from the original on 29 March 2017 4131:Partridge, E; Beale, Paul (2002). 3907:"Symbolism of Animals in Buddhism" 3806:from the original on 2 August 2020 3550:from the original on 2 August 2020 3468:from the original on 2 August 2020 3367:from the original on 2 August 2020 3328:from the original on 2 August 2020 3260:from the original on 2 August 2020 2516:from the original on 2 August 2020 2477:from the original on 2 August 2020 2433:from the original on 2 August 2020 2330:from the original on 20 March 2014 2052:"Occurrence of the Common Peafowl 1762:from the original on 2 August 2020 1742:Johnsingh, AJT; Murali, S (1978). 1643: 1518: 25: 8247: 4445: 3287:"Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl)" 3097:from the original on 22 July 2011 2095:The Journal of Germanic Philology 1822:Seth-Smith, D (1940). "Peafowl". 1489:Chandragupta Maurya and His Times 960:that enhance feather development. 536:The most common calls are a loud 4501: 4197:from the original on 4 June 2019 3921:from the original on 29 May 2010 3599:Ramesh, K.; McGowan, P. (2009). 2871:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01746.x 2178:www.east-northamptonshire.gov.uk 1626:Popular handbook of Indian birds 1391:The American television network 573:Black-shouldered Indian Peafowl 345:The Indian peafowl is listed as 311:made up of elongated upper-tail 120: 7793:185 living species in 32 genera 4760: 4209: 4179: 4149: 4124: 4104: 4072: 4031: 4014: 3997: 3962: 3933: 3898: 3881: 3846: 3818: 3783: 3759: 3735: 3711: 3672: 3629: 3592: 3577: 3562: 3523: 3480: 3437: 3428: 3397: 3388: 3379: 3340: 3305: 3233: 3210: 3185: 3144: 3109: 3044: 3018: 2982:Journal of Experimental Biology 2969: 2954: 2926: 2858:Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2845: 2808: 2731: 2682: 2643: 2553: 2528: 2489: 2406: 2367: 2342: 2281: 2240: 2211: 2196: 2165: 2082: 2043: 1984: 1865: 1834: 1815: 1799: 1774: 1413:BirdLife International (2016). 653:) and a female Indian peafowl ( 621:) (or even a separate species ( 505:. So far as is known, only the 440:The Greek word for peacock was 338:, and that males were honestly 6668:Bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant 4415:) in the Indian Thar Desert". 4010:. HF & G Witherby, London. 3219:"Peahens flying up with young" 1583: 1550: 1479: 1452: 1038:Peahen with three chicks near 692:female with chick in Sri Lanka 487: 13: 1: 5523:Columbian sharp-tailed grouse 4007:The cult of the peacock angel 3536:(Linn.), Family: Phasianidae" 3353:Linn. in Gir Forest, Gujarat" 3130:10.1016/S0003-3472(84)80159-1 2912:10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.10.004 2794:10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.07.021 2752:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.03.016 2601:. Random House. p. 239. 2205:Introduced Birds of the World 1399: 1213: 1192:Indira Gandhi Zoological Park 583:Naturalis Biodiversity Center 6539:Chestnut-necklaced partridge 4250:A Complete Guide to Heraldry 4161:Cambridge English Dictionary 3905:Choskyi, Ven. Jampa (1988). 3743:"East Northamptonshire plan" 3697:10.1016/j.scijus.2007.08.002 3584:Madge S; McGowan, P (2002). 2825:The Open Ornithology Journal 2817:"Behavior of Indian Peafowl 2640:The quote is on pp. 123–124. 2595:Philip Ball (31 July 2014). 2496:Navaneethakannan, K (1984). 2018:10.1371/journal.pone.0012614 1708:Ali, S; Ripley, S D (1980). 1326:television networks and the 334:argued that the train was a 7: 8236:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 6198:Chestnut-breasted partridge 4993:Szechenyi's monal-partridge 4292:Newsletter for Birdwatchers 4279:Newsletter for Birdwatchers 4047:Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 3588:. Christopher Helm, London. 3450:(Gmelin) killing a Peafowl 3444:Dhanwatey, Amrut S (1986). 3240:Shivrajkumar, Y.S. (1957). 3223:Newsletter for Birdwatchers 3199:Newsletter for Birdwatchers 2838:10.2174/1874453201003010013 2654:. Oxford University Press. 1018: 577:from private collection of 509:grows notably heavier. The 10: 8252: 6688:Germain's peacock-pheasant 6348:Chestnut-bellied partridge 5551:Attwater's prairie chicken 4983:Verreaux's monal-partridge 4452:Indian peafowl video clips 3609:Journal of Threatened Taxa 2125:"The Peacock Cult in Asia" 2050:Dodsworth, P.T.L. (1912). 1939:Haldane, J. B. S. (1922). 1282:describes the head of the 1091: 871: 585:, Leiden, the Netherlands. 480:, the peacock is known as 29: 8221:National symbols of India 7813: 7791: 7524: 7499: 7444: 7359: 7294: 7269: 7214: 7179: 7114: 7104: 7015: 6970: 6925: 6880: 6855: 6800: 6767:Mountain bamboo partridge 6755: 6745: 6698:Mountain peacock-pheasant 6646: 6601: 6576: 6566: 6527: 6492: 6467: 6442: 6407: 6397: 6393: 6379: 6248:Chestnut-headed partridge 6218:Rufous-throated partridge 6208:White-necklaced partridge 6168: 6145: 6122: 6099: 6086:Udzungwa forest partridge 6066: 6062: 6048: 5899: 5844: 5819: 5784: 5749: 5684: 5639: 5629: 5580: 5501: 5466: 5441: 5406: 5371: 5358:Black-billed capercaillie 5324: 5267: 5232: 5207: 5170: 5156: 5094: 5055: 5006: 4971: 4906: 4896: 4857: 4818: 4814: 4800: 4768: 4693: 4667: 4584: 4571: 4514: 4508:National symbols of India 4053:: 215–231. Archived from 3622:10.11609/jott.o1845.106-8 3489:"Indian Great Horned Owl 3026:"Common (Indian) Peafowl" 2707:10.1007/s10164-008-0105-0 2535:Miller, Geoffrey (2000). 2392:10.1007/s10164-007-0078-4 2352:American Museum Novitates 326:. His later explanation, 253:Map showing native range 252: 243: 222: 215: 117:Scientific classification 115: 93: 84: 75: 66: 57: 48: 43: 6992:White-throated francolin 6777:Chinese bamboo partridge 6728:Bornean peacock-pheasant 6718:Malayan peacock-pheasant 6678:Palawan peacock-pheasant 6588:Crimson-headed partridge 6419:Vietnamese crested argus 5196:C. canadensis franklinii 4656:Lactobacillus bulgaricus 3940:Rolland, Eugene (1915). 3853:Witzel, Michael (2002). 3830:The Indo-Aryan languages 3796:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 3540:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 3501:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 3458:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 3357:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 3349:"Diet of Indian Peafowl 3318:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 3242:"An incubating Peacock ( 2506:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 2467:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 2423:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 1752:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc 1431:: e.T22679435A92814454. 1386:Ashkenazi Jewish culture 841:protein-coding sequences 680:performing courtship at 669:Distribution and habitat 8231:Birds described in 1758 7686:Double-spurred spurfowl 7566:Chestnut-naped spurfowl 7546:Mount Cameroon spurfowl 6787:Taiwan bamboo partridge 6708:Hainan peacock-pheasant 6358:Grey-breasted partridge 6298:Orange-necked partridge 6278:White-cheeked partridge 6076:Rubeho forest partridge 5761:Lady Amherst's pheasant 5535:Greater prairie chicken 5346:Cantabrian capercaillie 4400:Les Carnets de Zoologie 4221:www.jewishfolksongs.com 3312:Johnsingh, AJT (1976). 2419:) in Gir Forest, India" 2107:10.5962/bhl.title.54912 1792:Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1623:Whistler, Hugh (1949). 1492:. Motilal Banarsidass. 1465:. John Murray, London. 1290:, who unable to defeat 1182:Conservation and status 913:Abbott Handerson Thayer 645:Crosses between a male 579:Coenraad Jacob Temminck 425:term for the animal is 60:Nagarhole National Park 7756:Grey-breasted spurfowl 7746:Yellow-necked spurfowl 7676:Hildebrandt's spurfowl 7576:Black-fronted spurfowl 7381:Przevalski's partridge 7077:Orange River francolin 6549:Green-legged partridge 6308:Red-breasted partridge 5876:Tibetan eared pheasant 5563:Lesser prairie chicken 5311:White-tailed ptarmigan 4578: 4021:Springett, BH (1922). 3862:. Harvard University. 3790:Fitzpatrick J (1923). 3446:"A Crested Hawk-Eagle 2948:10.1006/bijl.2001.0536 2630:(Article 8): 119–231. 2218:Jaiswal, S.K. (2018). 2132:Asian Folklore Studies 2089:Whitman, C.H. (1898). 1859:10.1093/jhered/82.1.64 1341: 1226: 1198: 1135:Large animals such as 1051: 1031: 996:Fisher's runaway model 968: 889: 693: 685: 663:outbreeding depression 638:variation at specific 606: 586: 529: 497: 433:, whose first emperor 78:Bandipur National Park 8144:Paleobiology Database 7716:Clapperton's spurfowl 7626:Grey-striped spurfowl 7067:Grey-winged francolin 7027:Ring-necked francolin 6822:Sri Lankan junglefowl 6658:Grey peacock-pheasant 6429:Malayan crested argus 6109:Ferruginous partridge 5991:Hoogerwerf's pheasant 5602:Long-billed partridge 4577: 4386:10.3838/jjo1915.22.25 3650:10.1136/vr.113.20.470 3412:) and striped hyena ( 3406:panthera pardus fusca 1650:Blanford, WT (1898). 1593:linguistics,1800-1925 1561:The book of the sword 1530:Lal, Krishna (2007). 1336: 1221: 1189: 1162:changeable hawk-eagle 1077:white-rumped vultures 1037: 1026: 966: 944:argued that peacocks 917:disruptive camouflage 881: 847:Behaviour and ecology 691: 676: 592: 581:(1778–1858), held at 572: 565:Mutations and hybrids 524: 495: 269:), also known as the 7606:Swierstra's spurfowl 7517:) (possibly extinct) 7431:Red-legged partridge 7281:Madagascar partridge 7037:Red-winged francolin 7002:Schlegel's francolin 6288:Bar-backed partridge 6228:Red-billed partridge 5981:Salvadori's pheasant 5886:Brown eared pheasant 5866:White eared pheasant 5706:Mrs. Hume's pheasant 5336:Western capercaillie 4640:Ganges river dolphin 4004:Empson, RHW (1928). 3779:on 21 December 2008. 3493:(Linn.) and Peafowl 3314:"Peacocks and cobra" 3032:on 24 September 2015 2203:Long, J. L. (1981). 2174:"Peafowl (Peacocks)" 2123:Nair, P. T. (1974). 1906:Jackson, CE (2006). 1824:Avicultural Magazine 1557:Burton, R F (1884). 967:Male courting female 911:The American artist 733:United Arab Emirates 410:(Book I, line 210). 408:Troilus and Criseyde 8226:Birds of South Asia 7766:Red-necked spurfowl 7736:Swainson's spurfowl 7646:Red-billed spurfowl 7536:Hartlaub's spurfowl 7236:Snow Mountain quail 7087:Shelley's francolin 5951:Vietnamese pheasant 5856:Blue eared pheasant 5513:Sharp-tailed grouse 5478:Greater sage-grouse 4958:Temminck's tragopan 4363:Sharma, IK (1973). 4114:Pimlico 2000 p.113 3685:Science and Justice 3448:Spizaetus cirrhatus 3072:1999Natur.401..155P 2695:Journal of Ethology 2380:Journal of Ethology 2288:Sharma, IK (1974). 2265:2004PhT....57a..18B 2247:Blau, S.K. (2004). 2161:on 5 February 2009. 2009:2010PLoSO...512614L 1847:Journal of Heredity 1809:, 143(1): 111–121. 1781:Sclater PL (1860). 1672:Baker, ECS (1928). 1459:Weekley, E (1921). 1328:Sri Lankan Airlines 1190:A white peafowl in 710:Alexander the Great 698:Indian subcontinent 435:Chandragupta Maurya 373:Taxonomy and naming 286:Indian subcontinent 87:Conservation status 80:, Karnataka, India 62:, Karnataka, India 7726:Harwood's spurfowl 7706:Heuglin's spurfowl 7636:Jackson's spurfowl 7486:Manipur bush quail 7476:Painted bush quail 7411:Philby's partridge 7146:Himalayan snowcock 7126:Caucasian snowcock 7057:Moorland francolin 7047:Finsch's francolin 6867:Latham's francolin 6732:P. schleiermacheri 6633:Sri Lanka spurfowl 6338:Sumatran partridge 6023:Swinhoe's pheasant 5945:L. erythrophthalma 5941:Crestless fireback 5139:Californian turkey 4579: 4038:Tyrberg T (2002). 3911:Buddhist Hiamalaya 3888:Anonymous (1891). 3217:Singh, H. (1964). 2994:10.1242/jeb.087338 1958:10.1007/BF02983075 1342: 1339:Saint-Paul, Savoie 1227: 1199: 1052: 1044:Faridabad District 1032: 969: 946:honestly signalled 935:Theodore Roosevelt 927:animal colouration 890: 827:and the island of 694: 686: 682:Yala National Park 611:selective breeding 607: 595:Jardin des Plantes 587: 530: 498: 8198: 8197: 7807:Taxon identifiers 7798: 7797: 7787: 7786: 7783: 7782: 7779: 7778: 7710:P. icterorhynchus 7630:P. griseostriatus 7596:Djibouti spurfowl 7586:Erckel's spurfowl 7570:P. castaneicollis 7556:Handsome spurfowl 7480:P. erythrorhyncha 7456:Jungle bush quail 7421:Barbary partridge 7371:Arabian partridge 7191:See-see partridge 7100: 7099: 6957:Chinese francolin 6947:Painted francolin 6892:Crested francolin 6741: 6740: 6562: 6561: 6375: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6318:Malayan partridge 6238:Siamese partridge 6188:Sichuan partridge 6132:Crested partridge 6044: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6036: 6035: 5995:L. i. hoogerwerfi 5971:Imperial pheasant 5931:Edward's pheasant 5911:Bulwer's pheasant 5696:Elliot's pheasant 5671:Tibetan partridge 5661:Daurian partridge 5625: 5624: 5576: 5575: 5567:T. pallidicinctus 5527:T. p. columbianus 5350:T. u. cantabricus 5192:Franklin's grouse 5152: 5151: 5090: 5089: 5051: 5050: 4942:T. melanocephalus 4892: 4891: 4853: 4852: 4728: 4727: 4635:(Heritage animal) 4246:Arthur Fox-Davies 4092:on 27 August 2011 3839:978-0-521-23420-7 3192:Vyas, R. (1994). 3066:(6749): 155–157. 2988:(16): 3035–3046. 2608:978-1-84792-289-2 2274:10.1063/1.1650059 1925:978-1-86189-293-5 1748:) Linn. of Injar" 1543:978-81-7017-429-5 1499:978-81-208-0433-3 1247:is from the root 1131:Mortality factors 1075:platforms of the 1069:courtship feeding 973:courtship display 874:Fisherian runaway 835:Genome sequencing 619:P. c. nigripennis 522: 361:and venerated in 324:natural selection 305:sexual dimorphism 257: 256: 208:P. cristatus 110: 16:(Redirected from 8243: 8191: 8190: 8178: 8177: 8165: 8164: 8152: 8151: 8139: 8138: 8126: 8125: 8116: 8115: 8106: 8105: 8093: 8092: 8080: 8079: 8077:NHMSYS0001689593 8067: 8066: 8054: 8053: 8041: 8040: 8028: 8027: 8015: 8014: 8002: 8001: 7989: 7988: 7976: 7975: 7963: 7962: 7950: 7949: 7937: 7936: 7927: 7926: 7914: 7913: 7901: 7900: 7898:A8C34DC9655204ED 7888: 7887: 7875: 7874: 7862: 7861: 7849: 7848: 7847: 7834: 7833: 7832: 7802: 7801: 7401:Chukar partridge 7375:A. melanocephala 7310:C. coromandelica 7195:A. griseogularis 7156:Tibetan snowcock 7136:Caspian snowcock 7112: 7111: 6906:O. pondicerianus 6842:Green junglefowl 6753: 6752: 6623:Painted spurfowl 6574: 6573: 6405: 6404: 6395: 6394: 6381: 6380: 6328:Roll's partridge 6292:A. brunneopectus 6268:Taiwan partridge 6258:Hainan partridge 6232:A.a rubrirostris 6064: 6063: 6050: 6049: 5961:Crested fireback 5921:Siamese fireback 5835:Catreus wallichi 5736:Reeve's pheasant 5637: 5636: 5588: 5587: 5397:L. mlokosiewiczi 5393:Caucasian grouse 5279:Willow ptarmigan 5168: 5167: 5137: 5126:Ocellated turkey 5102: 5101: 5077:Koklass pheasant 5063: 5062: 4938:Western tragopan 4928:Cabot's tragopan 4918:Blyth's tragopan 4904: 4903: 4865: 4864: 4826: 4825: 4816: 4815: 4802: 4801: 4755: 4748: 4741: 4732: 4731: 4721: 4713: 4705: 4675:Independence Day 4660: 4652: 4644: 4643:(Aquatic animal) 4636: 4628: 4620: 4612: 4604: 4596: 4566: 4558: 4550: 4542: 4538:Satyameva Jayate 4534: 4526: 4506: 4505: 4494: 4487: 4480: 4471: 4470: 4441: 4424: 4417:Annals Arid Zone 4407: 4390: 4388: 4379:(93–94): 25–29. 4359: 4342: 4325: 4308: 4257: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4183: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4128: 4122: 4108: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4091: 4084: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4059: 4044: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4018: 4012: 4011: 4001: 3995: 3994: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3868: 3861: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3826:Masica, Colin P. 3822: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3772:. Archived from 3771: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3755:on 13 June 2011. 3754: 3748:. Archived from 3747: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3724:. Archived from 3723: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3441: 3435: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3401: 3395: 3392: 3386: 3383: 3377: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3309: 3303: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3283: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3214: 3208: 3207: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3172: 3157: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3118:Animal Behaviour 3113: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3096: 3057: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3005: 2973: 2967: 2966: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2906:(4): 1209–1219. 2900:Animal Behaviour 2895: 2884: 2883: 2873: 2864:(6): 1284–1294. 2849: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2782:Animal Behaviour 2777: 2764: 2763: 2740:Animal Behaviour 2735: 2729: 2728: 2718: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2673: 2665: 2647: 2641: 2639: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2532: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2454: 2443: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2371: 2365: 2364: 2346: 2340: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2329: 2298: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2215: 2209: 2208: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2172:Harling, Gavin. 2169: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2154:. Archived from 2129: 2120: 2111: 2110: 2086: 2080: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2066:(3): 1082–1083. 2047: 2041: 2040: 2030: 2020: 1988: 1982: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1936: 1930: 1929: 1913: 1903: 1894: 1893: 1869: 1863: 1862: 1838: 1832: 1831: 1819: 1813: 1803: 1797: 1796: 1785:Pavo nigripennis 1778: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1758:(4): 1069–1079. 1739: 1724: 1723: 1705: 1680: 1679: 1669: 1658: 1657: 1647: 1641: 1640: 1620: 1607: 1606: 1587: 1581: 1580: 1564: 1554: 1548: 1547: 1527: 1516: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1483: 1477: 1476: 1456: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1440: 1410: 1262:) or a regional 1206:have been shed. 1029:Museum Wiesbaden 1027:Egg, collection 906:sexual selection 868:Sexual selection 813:Papua New Guinea 523: 496:Male neck detail 328:sexual selection 300:as a "peacock". 248: 228: 125: 124: 104: 99: 98: 71: 53: 41: 40: 33:Papilio polyctor 21: 8251: 8250: 8246: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8241: 8240: 8201: 8200: 8199: 8194: 8186: 8181: 8173: 8168: 8160: 8155: 8147: 8142: 8134: 8131:Observation.org 8129: 8121: 8119: 8111: 8109: 8101: 8096: 8088: 8083: 8075: 8070: 8062: 8057: 8049: 8044: 8036: 8031: 8023: 8018: 8010: 8005: 7997: 7992: 7984: 7979: 7971: 7966: 7958: 7953: 7945: 7940: 7932: 7930: 7922: 7917: 7909: 7904: 7896: 7891: 7883: 7878: 7870: 7865: 7857: 7852: 7843: 7842: 7837: 7828: 7827: 7822: 7809: 7799: 7794: 7775: 7690:P. bicalcaratus 7680:P. hildebrandti 7616:Ahanta spurfowl 7550:P. camerunensis 7520: 7515:O. superciliosa 7511:Himalayan quail 7495: 7490:P. manipurensis 7466:Rock bush quail 7440: 7355: 7316:Harlequin quail 7290: 7285:M. madagarensis 7265: 7230:S. ypsilophorus 7210: 7175: 7150:T. himalayensis 7096: 7041:S. levaillantii 7031:S. streptophora 7011: 6982:Coqui francolin 6966: 6937:Black francolin 6921: 6912:Swamp francolin 6876: 6851: 6832:Grey junglefowl 6796: 6737: 6662:P. bicalcaratum 6642: 6597: 6592:H. sanguiniceps 6569:Polyplectronini 6558: 6523: 6488: 6463: 6438: 6389: 6367: 6272:A. crudigularis 6164: 6155:Black partridge 6141: 6118: 6095: 6090:X. udzungwensis 6058: 6032: 6013:Silver pheasant 6007:L. leucomelanos 5895: 5870:C. crossoptilon 5840: 5815: 5796:Common pheasant 5780: 5771:Golden pheasant 5745: 5730:S. soemmerringi 5726:Copper pheasant 5716:Mikado pheasant 5680: 5621: 5612:Dulit partridge 5606:R. longirostris 5572: 5555:T. c. attwateri 5517:T. phasianellus 5497: 5488:Gunnison grouse 5482:C. urophasianus 5462: 5437: 5402: 5367: 5362:T. urogalloides 5320: 5263: 5228: 5219:Siberian grouse 5203: 5161: 5148: 5086: 5047: 5028:Sclater's monal 5018:Himalayan monal 5002: 4967: 4888: 4849: 4810: 4796: 4764: 4759: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4717:Indian Calendar 4711: 4703: 4689: 4663: 4658: 4650: 4642: 4634: 4632:Indian elephant 4626: 4618: 4610: 4602: 4594: 4585:Flora and fauna 4580: 4569: 4564: 4562:National Pledge 4556: 4548: 4540: 4532: 4530:Emblem of India 4524: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4466:at avibirds.com 4448: 4301:Current Science 4266: 4264:Further reading 4261: 4260: 4244: 4240: 4230: 4228: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4185: 4184: 4180: 4170: 4168: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4143: 4129: 4125: 4109: 4105: 4095: 4093: 4089: 4082: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4063: 4061: 4060:on 26 July 2011 4057: 4042: 4036: 4032: 4019: 4015: 4002: 3998: 3967: 3963: 3953: 3951: 3946:. p. 149. 3938: 3934: 3924: 3922: 3903: 3899: 3886: 3882: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3859: 3851: 3847: 3840: 3823: 3819: 3809: 3807: 3788: 3784: 3776: 3769: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3752: 3745: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3731:on 7 June 2011. 3728: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3677: 3673: 3634: 3630: 3597: 3593: 3582: 3578: 3567: 3563: 3553: 3551: 3528: 3524: 3514: 3512: 3485: 3481: 3471: 3469: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3429: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3389: 3384: 3380: 3370: 3368: 3345: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3310: 3306: 3296: 3294: 3285: 3284: 3273: 3263: 3261: 3238: 3234: 3215: 3211: 3190: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3170: 3155: 3149: 3145: 3114: 3110: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3055: 3049: 3045: 3035: 3033: 3024: 3023: 3019: 2974: 2970: 2959: 2955: 2931: 2927: 2896: 2887: 2850: 2846: 2813: 2809: 2778: 2767: 2736: 2732: 2687: 2683: 2667: 2666: 2662: 2648: 2644: 2620: 2616: 2609: 2593: 2589: 2558: 2554: 2547: 2533: 2529: 2519: 2517: 2494: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2455: 2446: 2436: 2434: 2411: 2407: 2372: 2368: 2347: 2343: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2313:10.2307/1366352 2296: 2286: 2282: 2245: 2241: 2216: 2212: 2201: 2197: 2187: 2185: 2170: 2166: 2158: 2144:10.2307/1177550 2127: 2121: 2114: 2087: 2083: 2073: 2071: 2048: 2044: 1989: 1985: 1975: 1973: 1937: 1933: 1926: 1904: 1897: 1870: 1866: 1839: 1835: 1820: 1816: 1804: 1800: 1779: 1775: 1765: 1763: 1740: 1727: 1720: 1706: 1683: 1670: 1661: 1648: 1644: 1637: 1621: 1610: 1603: 1588: 1584: 1577: 1555: 1551: 1544: 1528: 1519: 1509: 1507: 1500: 1484: 1480: 1473: 1457: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1411: 1407: 1402: 1382:Di Goldene Pave 1359:Cardinal Wolsey 1280:Uttara Ramayana 1253:Proto-Dravidian 1224:Raja Ravi Varma 1216: 1184: 1133: 1094: 1060:sexual maturity 1021: 929:had evolved as 876: 870: 849: 837: 720:in some areas. 671: 567: 561:when agitated. 517: 490: 383:Systema Naturae 375: 367:Greek mythology 313:covert feathers 239: 230: 224: 211: 119: 111: 100: 96: 89: 44:Indian peafowl 37: 28: 27:Species of bird 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8249: 8239: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8196: 8195: 8193: 8192: 8188:Pavo-cristatus 8179: 8166: 8153: 8140: 8127: 8117: 8107: 8094: 8081: 8068: 8055: 8042: 8029: 8016: 8003: 7990: 7977: 7964: 7951: 7938: 7928: 7915: 7902: 7889: 7885:pavo-cristatus 7876: 7872:Pavo_cristatus 7863: 7859:Pavo_cristatus 7850: 7845:Pavo cristatus 7835: 7819: 7817: 7815:Pavo cristatus 7811: 7810: 7796: 7795: 7792: 7789: 7788: 7785: 7784: 7781: 7780: 7777: 7776: 7774: 7773: 7763: 7753: 7750:P. leucoscepus 7743: 7733: 7723: 7720:P. clappertoni 7713: 7703: 7696:Scaly spurfowl 7693: 7683: 7673: 7666:Natal spurfowl 7663: 7653: 7643: 7633: 7623: 7613: 7603: 7600:P. ochropectus 7593: 7583: 7573: 7563: 7553: 7543: 7532: 7530: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7518: 7507: 7505: 7497: 7496: 7494: 7493: 7483: 7473: 7463: 7452: 7450: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7438: 7428: 7418: 7408: 7398: 7391:Rock partridge 7388: 7378: 7367: 7365: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7353: 7343: 7336:Japanese quail 7333: 7323: 7320:C. delegorguei 7313: 7302: 7300: 7292: 7291: 7289: 7288: 7277: 7275: 7267: 7266: 7264: 7263: 7253: 7243: 7240:S. monorthonyx 7233: 7222: 7220: 7212: 7211: 7209: 7208: 7201:Sand partridge 7198: 7187: 7185: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7173: 7166:Altai snowcock 7163: 7153: 7143: 7133: 7122: 7120: 7109: 7102: 7101: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7084: 7074: 7064: 7054: 7044: 7034: 7023: 7021: 7013: 7012: 7010: 7009: 6999: 6996:C. albogularis 6989: 6978: 6976: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6964: 6961:F. pintadeanus 6954: 6944: 6941:F. francolinus 6933: 6931: 6923: 6922: 6920: 6919: 6909: 6902:Grey francolin 6899: 6888: 6886: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6874: 6863: 6861: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6849: 6839: 6829: 6819: 6812:Red junglefowl 6808: 6806: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6784: 6774: 6763: 6761: 6750: 6743: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6735: 6725: 6715: 6705: 6695: 6685: 6675: 6665: 6654: 6652: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6640: 6637:G. bicalcarata 6630: 6620: 6609: 6607: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6584: 6582: 6571: 6564: 6563: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6556: 6546: 6535: 6533: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6521: 6511: 6504:Indian peafowl 6500: 6498: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6486: 6475: 6473: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6461: 6450: 6448: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6426: 6415: 6413: 6402: 6391: 6390: 6377: 6376: 6373: 6372: 6369: 6368: 6366: 6365: 6355: 6345: 6335: 6325: 6315: 6305: 6295: 6285: 6282:A. atrogularis 6275: 6265: 6255: 6245: 6235: 6225: 6222:A. rufogularis 6215: 6205: 6195: 6185: 6178:Hill partridge 6174: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6162: 6151: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6128: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6105: 6103: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6093: 6083: 6072: 6070: 6060: 6059: 6046: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6030: 6020: 6010: 6003:Kalij pheasant 6000: 5999: 5998: 5978: 5968: 5958: 5955:L. hatinhensis 5948: 5938: 5928: 5918: 5907: 5905: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5893: 5890:C.mantchuricum 5883: 5873: 5863: 5852: 5850: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5838: 5831:Cheer pheasant 5827: 5825: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5813: 5806:Green pheasant 5803: 5792: 5790: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5778: 5768: 5757: 5755: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5743: 5733: 5723: 5713: 5703: 5692: 5690: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5678: 5668: 5658: 5651:Grey partridge 5647: 5645: 5634: 5627: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5619: 5609: 5598: 5596: 5585: 5578: 5577: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5570: 5560: 5559: 5558: 5548: 5532: 5531: 5530: 5509: 5507: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5485: 5474: 5472: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5460: 5449: 5447: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5428:Chinese grouse 5425: 5414: 5412: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5400: 5390: 5379: 5377: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5365: 5355: 5354: 5353: 5332: 5330: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5318: 5308: 5301:Rock ptarmigan 5298: 5297: 5296: 5275: 5273: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5261: 5258:D. fuliginosus 5251: 5240: 5238: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5226: 5223:F. falcipennis 5215: 5213: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5201: 5200: 5199: 5178: 5176: 5165: 5154: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5146: 5143:M. californica 5133: 5123: 5112: 5110: 5099: 5092: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5084: 5073: 5071: 5060: 5053: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5045: 5035: 5025: 5014: 5012: 5004: 5003: 5001: 5000: 4990: 4979: 4977: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4965: 4955: 4948:Satyr tragopan 4945: 4935: 4925: 4914: 4912: 4901: 4894: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4886: 4879:Blood pheasant 4875: 4873: 4862: 4855: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4847: 4840:Snow partridge 4836: 4834: 4823: 4812: 4811: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4788: 4782: 4776: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4758: 4757: 4750: 4743: 4735: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4722: 4714: 4706: 4697: 4695: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4687: 4685:Gandhi Jayanti 4682: 4677: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4661: 4653: 4645: 4637: 4629: 4621: 4613: 4605: 4600:Indian peafowl 4597: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4581: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4567: 4559: 4551: 4546:Jana Gana Mana 4543: 4535: 4527: 4518: 4516: 4515:Constitutional 4512: 4511: 4497: 4496: 4489: 4482: 4474: 4468: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4447: 4446:External links 4444: 4443: 4442: 4430:Pavo cristatus 4425: 4413:Pavo cristatus 4408: 4396:Pavo cristatus 4391: 4367:Pavo cristatus 4360: 4348:Pavo cristatus 4343: 4331:Pavo cristatus 4326: 4314:Pavo cristatus 4309: 4307:(12): 550–551. 4296: 4287:Pavo cristatus 4283: 4274: 4271:Pavo cristatus 4265: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4238: 4208: 4178: 4148: 4141: 4123: 4120:978-0712651226 4103: 4071: 4030: 4013: 3996: 3983:10.2307/594123 3977:(2): 158–168. 3961: 3932: 3897: 3880: 3845: 3838: 3817: 3802:(2): 562–565. 3782: 3758: 3734: 3710: 3681:Pavo cristatus 3671: 3628: 3615:(2): 106–108. 3603:Pavo cristatus 3591: 3576: 3561: 3546:(3): 425–428. 3534:Pavo cristatus 3522: 3495:Pavo cristatus 3479: 3452:Pavo cristatus 3436: 3427: 3396: 3387: 3378: 3363:(2): 262–263. 3351:Pavo cristatus 3339: 3304: 3271: 3244:Pavo cristatus 3232: 3209: 3184: 3166:(3): 543–559. 3143: 3124:(3): 830–835. 3108: 3043: 3017: 2968: 2953: 2942:(2): 187–198. 2925: 2885: 2844: 2819:Pavo cristatus 2807: 2765: 2730: 2701:(2): 209–214. 2691:Pavo cristatus 2681: 2660: 2642: 2614: 2607: 2587: 2574:10.1086/368563 2568:(1): 542–555. 2552: 2545: 2527: 2512:(2): 387–393. 2500:Pavo cristatus 2488: 2473:(3): 471–472. 2461:Pavo cristatus 2444: 2417:Pavo cristatus 2405: 2386:(3): 375–381. 2376:Pavo cristatus 2366: 2355:(1518): 1–25. 2341: 2307:(3): 344–346. 2292:Pavo cristatus 2280: 2239: 2233:10.1101/315457 2210: 2195: 2164: 2112: 2081: 2054:Pavo cristatus 2042: 1983: 1952:(2): 101–109. 1931: 1924: 1895: 1874:Pavo cristatus 1864: 1843:Pavo Cristatus 1833: 1814: 1798: 1773: 1746:Pavo cristatus 1725: 1718: 1681: 1659: 1642: 1635: 1608: 1601: 1582: 1575: 1549: 1542: 1517: 1498: 1478: 1471: 1451: 1417:Pavo cristatus 1404: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1374:golden peacock 1215: 1212: 1183: 1180: 1166:rock eagle-owl 1145:golden jackals 1132: 1129: 1093: 1090: 1020: 1017: 986:founder effect 894:Charles Darwin 869: 866: 848: 845: 836: 833: 729:United Kingdom 670: 667: 659:Haldane's rule 627:Charles Darwin 623:P. nigripennis 597:, Paris. This 575:Pavo cristatus 566: 563: 551:ka-aan..ka-aan 527:Pavo cristatus 489: 486: 454:Ancient Hebrew 450:Peacock Throne 448:for the famed 388:Pavo cristatus 374: 371: 320:Charles Darwin 284:native to the 271:common peafowl 266:Pavo cristatus 261:Indian peafowl 255: 254: 250: 249: 241: 240: 231: 226:Pavo cristatus 220: 219: 213: 212: 205: 203: 199: 198: 191: 187: 186: 181: 177: 176: 171: 167: 166: 161: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 141: 137: 136: 131: 127: 126: 113: 112: 94: 91: 90: 85: 82: 81: 73: 72: 64: 63: 55: 54: 46: 45: 26: 18:Pavo cristatus 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8248: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8189: 8184: 8180: 8176: 8171: 8167: 8163: 8158: 8154: 8150: 8145: 8141: 8137: 8132: 8128: 8124: 8118: 8114: 8108: 8104: 8099: 8095: 8091: 8086: 8082: 8078: 8073: 8069: 8065: 8060: 8056: 8052: 8047: 8043: 8039: 8034: 8030: 8026: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7995: 7991: 7987: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7969: 7965: 7961: 7956: 7952: 7948: 7943: 7939: 7935: 7929: 7925: 7920: 7916: 7912: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7855: 7851: 7846: 7840: 7836: 7831: 7825: 7821: 7820: 7818: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7803: 7790: 7771: 7767: 7764: 7761: 7760:P. rufopictus 7757: 7754: 7751: 7747: 7744: 7741: 7740:P. swainsonii 7737: 7734: 7731: 7727: 7724: 7721: 7717: 7714: 7711: 7707: 7704: 7701: 7697: 7694: 7691: 7687: 7684: 7681: 7677: 7674: 7671: 7670:P. natalensis 7667: 7664: 7661: 7657: 7656:Cape spurfowl 7654: 7651: 7647: 7644: 7641: 7637: 7634: 7631: 7627: 7624: 7621: 7620:P. ahantensis 7617: 7614: 7611: 7610:P. swierstrai 7607: 7604: 7601: 7597: 7594: 7591: 7587: 7584: 7581: 7577: 7574: 7571: 7567: 7564: 7561: 7557: 7554: 7551: 7547: 7544: 7541: 7537: 7534: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7528: 7523: 7516: 7512: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7503: 7498: 7491: 7487: 7484: 7481: 7477: 7474: 7471: 7467: 7464: 7461: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7448: 7443: 7436: 7432: 7429: 7426: 7422: 7419: 7416: 7412: 7409: 7406: 7402: 7399: 7396: 7392: 7389: 7386: 7382: 7379: 7376: 7372: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7363: 7358: 7351: 7350:C. pectoralis 7347: 7346:Stubble quail 7344: 7341: 7337: 7334: 7331: 7327: 7324: 7321: 7317: 7314: 7311: 7307: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7298: 7293: 7286: 7282: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7273: 7272:Margaroperdix 7268: 7261: 7257: 7254: 7251: 7247: 7244: 7241: 7237: 7234: 7231: 7227: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7218: 7213: 7206: 7202: 7199: 7196: 7192: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7184: 7183: 7178: 7171: 7167: 7164: 7161: 7157: 7154: 7151: 7147: 7144: 7141: 7137: 7134: 7131: 7130:T. caucasicus 7127: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7119: 7118: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7103: 7092: 7088: 7085: 7082: 7081:S. gutturalis 7078: 7075: 7072: 7068: 7065: 7062: 7061:S. psilolaema 7058: 7055: 7052: 7048: 7045: 7042: 7038: 7035: 7032: 7028: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7007: 7006:C. schlegelii 7003: 7000: 6997: 6993: 6990: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6969: 6962: 6958: 6955: 6952: 6948: 6945: 6942: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6929: 6924: 6917: 6913: 6910: 6907: 6903: 6900: 6897: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6879: 6872: 6868: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6859: 6854: 6847: 6843: 6840: 6837: 6836:G. sonneratii 6833: 6830: 6827: 6823: 6820: 6817: 6813: 6810: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6804: 6799: 6792: 6788: 6785: 6782: 6781:B. thoracicus 6778: 6775: 6772: 6768: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6744: 6733: 6729: 6726: 6723: 6719: 6716: 6713: 6712:P. katsumatae 6709: 6706: 6703: 6702:P. inopinatum 6699: 6696: 6693: 6689: 6686: 6683: 6679: 6676: 6673: 6669: 6666: 6663: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6651: 6650: 6645: 6638: 6634: 6631: 6628: 6624: 6621: 6618: 6614: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6605: 6600: 6593: 6589: 6586: 6585: 6583: 6581: 6580: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6565: 6554: 6550: 6547: 6544: 6543:T. charltonii 6540: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6531: 6530:Tropicoperdix 6526: 6519: 6515: 6514:Green peafowl 6512: 6509: 6505: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6496: 6491: 6484: 6480: 6479:Congo peafowl 6477: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6459: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6446: 6441: 6434: 6433:R. nigrescens 6430: 6427: 6424: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6411: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6382: 6378: 6363: 6362:A. orientalis 6359: 6356: 6353: 6349: 6346: 6343: 6339: 6336: 6333: 6329: 6326: 6323: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6312:A. hyperythra 6309: 6306: 6303: 6299: 6296: 6293: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6279: 6276: 6273: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6259: 6256: 6253: 6252:A. cambodiana 6249: 6246: 6243: 6239: 6236: 6233: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6219: 6216: 6213: 6209: 6206: 6203: 6199: 6196: 6193: 6192:A. rufipectus 6189: 6186: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6167: 6160: 6156: 6153: 6152: 6150: 6148: 6144: 6137: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6121: 6114: 6110: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6098: 6091: 6087: 6084: 6081: 6080:X. obscuratus 6077: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6047: 6028: 6024: 6021: 6018: 6017:L. nycthemera 6014: 6011: 6008: 6004: 6001: 5996: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5975:L. imperialis 5972: 5969: 5966: 5962: 5959: 5956: 5952: 5949: 5946: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5932: 5929: 5926: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5912: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5898: 5891: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5877: 5874: 5871: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5857: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5848: 5843: 5836: 5832: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5811: 5810:P. versicolor 5807: 5804: 5801: 5797: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5788: 5783: 5776: 5772: 5769: 5766: 5765:C. amherstiae 5762: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5753: 5748: 5741: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5707: 5704: 5701: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5683: 5676: 5675:P. hodgsoniae 5672: 5669: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5646: 5644: 5643: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5628: 5617: 5616:R. dulitensis 5613: 5610: 5607: 5603: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5579: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5556: 5552: 5549: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5533: 5528: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5514: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5505: 5500: 5493: 5489: 5486: 5483: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5470: 5465: 5458: 5454: 5453:Ruffed grouse 5451: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5440: 5433: 5429: 5426: 5423: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5410: 5405: 5398: 5394: 5391: 5388: 5384: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5363: 5359: 5356: 5351: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5328: 5323: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5302: 5299: 5294: 5293:L. l. scotica 5290: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5271: 5266: 5259: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5236: 5231: 5224: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5211: 5206: 5197: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5186:C. canadensis 5183: 5182:Spruce grouse 5180: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5155: 5144: 5140: 5134: 5131: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5108: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5093: 5082: 5081:P. macrolopha 5078: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5069: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5054: 5043: 5039: 5038:Chinese monal 5036: 5033: 5029: 5026: 5023: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5010: 5005: 4998: 4997:T. szechenyii 4994: 4991: 4988: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4975: 4970: 4963: 4962:T. temminckii 4959: 4956: 4953: 4949: 4946: 4943: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4895: 4884: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4871: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4856: 4845: 4841: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4832: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4789: 4787: 4783: 4781: 4777: 4775: 4771: 4770: 4767: 4763: 4756: 4751: 4749: 4744: 4742: 4737: 4736: 4733: 4718: 4715: 4710: 4707: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4692: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4666: 4657: 4654: 4649: 4646: 4641: 4638: 4633: 4630: 4625: 4622: 4617: 4614: 4609: 4606: 4601: 4598: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4576: 4563: 4560: 4555: 4554:Vande Mataram 4552: 4547: 4544: 4539: 4536: 4531: 4528: 4523: 4522:Flag of India 4520: 4519: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4504: 4495: 4490: 4488: 4483: 4481: 4476: 4475: 4472: 4465: 4462: 4460:at adu.org.za 4459: 4456: 4453: 4450: 4449: 4439: 4435: 4434:Indian Vet. J 4431: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4368: 4361: 4358:(4): 378–384. 4357: 4353: 4349: 4344: 4341:(4): 290–294. 4340: 4336: 4332: 4327: 4324:(3): 219–223. 4323: 4319: 4315: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4284: 4281: 4280: 4275: 4272: 4268: 4267: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4212: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4152: 4144: 4142:0-415-29189-5 4138: 4135:. Routledge. 4134: 4127: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4107: 4088: 4081: 4075: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4041: 4034: 4026: 4025: 4017: 4009: 4008: 4000: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3965: 3949: 3945: 3944: 3936: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3901: 3893: 3892: 3884: 3865: 3858: 3857: 3849: 3841: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3821: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3786: 3775: 3768: 3762: 3751: 3744: 3738: 3727: 3720: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3632: 3623: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3604: 3595: 3587: 3580: 3572: 3565: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3535: 3526: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3483: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3440: 3431: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3414:hyaena hyaena 3411: 3407: 3400: 3391: 3382: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3352: 3343: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3308: 3292: 3288: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3245: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3213: 3205: 3201: 3200: 3195: 3188: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3154: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3112: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3080:10.1038/43651 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3054: 3047: 3031: 3027: 3021: 3013: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2972: 2964: 2957: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2848: 2839: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2820: 2811: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2734: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2716:10400.12/1242 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2685: 2677: 2671: 2663: 2661:0-19-512914-8 2657: 2653: 2646: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2618: 2610: 2604: 2600: 2599: 2591: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2556: 2548: 2546:0-385-49517-X 2542: 2538: 2531: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2501: 2492: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2462: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2418: 2409: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2370: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2353: 2345: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2295: 2293: 2284: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2253:Physics Today 2250: 2243: 2234: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2214: 2206: 2199: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2168: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2138:(2): 93–170. 2137: 2133: 2126: 2119: 2117: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2085: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2055: 2046: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2003:(9): e12614. 2002: 1998: 1994: 1987: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1935: 1927: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1911: 1902: 1900: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1868: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1837: 1829: 1825: 1818: 1812: 1808: 1802: 1794: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1777: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1747: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1721: 1719:0-19-562063-1 1715: 1711: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1677: 1676: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1655: 1654: 1646: 1638: 1636:1-4067-4576-6 1632: 1628: 1627: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1604: 1602:90-272-0871-9 1598: 1594: 1586: 1578: 1576:0-486-25434-8 1572: 1568: 1563: 1562: 1553: 1545: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1505: 1501: 1495: 1491: 1490: 1482: 1474: 1472:1-176-40695-7 1468: 1464: 1463: 1455: 1439: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1409: 1405: 1397: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1367: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1340: 1335: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1260:மயில் (mayil) 1257: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1231:national bird 1225: 1220: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1197: 1196:Visakhapatnam 1193: 1188: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1101: 1089: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1072: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1054:Peacocks are 1049: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1030: 1025: 1016: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1000: 997: 993: 991: 990:genetic drift 987: 982: 976: 974: 965: 961: 959: 955: 954:immune system 951: 947: 943: 938: 936: 932: 928: 924: 923: 918: 914: 909: 907: 903: 899: 895: 888: 884: 880: 875: 865: 861: 857: 853: 844: 842: 832: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 725:United States 721: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 690: 683: 679: 675: 666: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 647:green peafowl 643: 641: 637: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 604: 600: 596: 591: 584: 580: 576: 571: 562: 560: 556: 552: 547: 543: 539: 534: 528: 515: 512: 511:green peafowl 508: 504: 494: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 446:Takht-i-Tâvus 443: 438: 436: 432: 431:Maurya Empire 428: 424: 421:, and modern 420: 416: 411: 409: 405: 404:proud a pekok 401: 397: 391: 389: 385: 384: 379: 378:Carl Linnaeus 370: 368: 364: 360: 356: 355:national bird 352: 351:IUCN Red List 348: 347:Least Concern 343: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 316: 314: 310: 306: 301: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 280: 276: 272: 268: 267: 262: 251: 247: 242: 238: 234: 229: 227: 221: 218: 217:Binomial name 214: 210: 209: 204: 201: 200: 197: 196: 192: 189: 188: 185: 182: 179: 178: 175: 172: 169: 168: 165: 162: 159: 158: 155: 152: 149: 148: 145: 142: 139: 138: 135: 132: 129: 128: 123: 118: 114: 108: 103: 102:Least Concern 92: 88: 83: 79: 74: 70: 65: 61: 56: 52: 47: 42: 39: 35: 34: 19: 8216:Pavo (genus) 7814: 7769: 7759: 7749: 7739: 7729: 7719: 7709: 7700:P. squamatus 7699: 7689: 7679: 7669: 7659: 7650:P. adspersus 7649: 7639: 7629: 7619: 7609: 7599: 7589: 7580:P. atrifrons 7579: 7569: 7559: 7549: 7540:P. hartlaubi 7539: 7525: 7514: 7500: 7489: 7479: 7470:P. argoondah 7469: 7459: 7445: 7434: 7424: 7414: 7404: 7394: 7384: 7374: 7360: 7349: 7339: 7329: 7326:Common quail 7319: 7309: 7295: 7284: 7270: 7260:S. chinensis 7259: 7250:S. adansonii 7249: 7239: 7229: 7215: 7204: 7194: 7180: 7169: 7160:T. tibetanus 7159: 7149: 7139: 7129: 7117:Tetraogallus 7115: 7090: 7080: 7070: 7060: 7050: 7040: 7030: 7016: 7005: 6995: 6985: 6973:Campocolinus 6971: 6960: 6950: 6940: 6926: 6915: 6905: 6895: 6881: 6870: 6856: 6845: 6835: 6826:G. lafayetii 6825: 6815: 6801: 6791:B. sonorivox 6790: 6780: 6770: 6756: 6731: 6722:P. malacense 6721: 6711: 6701: 6691: 6681: 6672:P. chalcurum 6671: 6661: 6649:Polyplectron 6647: 6636: 6626: 6616: 6613:Red spurfowl 6602: 6591: 6577: 6553:T. chloropus 6552: 6542: 6528: 6517: 6508:P. cristatus 6507: 6503: 6493: 6483:A. congensis 6482: 6468: 6457: 6443: 6432: 6422: 6408: 6361: 6351: 6342:A. sumatrana 6341: 6331: 6322:A. campbelli 6321: 6311: 6301: 6291: 6281: 6271: 6261: 6251: 6241: 6231: 6221: 6211: 6202:A. mandellii 6201: 6191: 6182:A. torqueola 6181: 6158: 6147:Melanoperdix 6135: 6112: 6089: 6079: 6026: 6016: 6006: 5994: 5984: 5974: 5964: 5954: 5944: 5934: 5924: 5914: 5900: 5889: 5879: 5869: 5859: 5847:Crossoptilon 5845: 5834: 5820: 5809: 5800:P. colchicus 5799: 5785: 5774: 5764: 5752:Chrysolophus 5750: 5739: 5729: 5719: 5709: 5699: 5685: 5674: 5664: 5654: 5640: 5615: 5605: 5591: 5583:Rhizotherini 5566: 5554: 5538: 5526: 5516: 5502: 5491: 5481: 5469:Centrocercus 5467: 5456: 5442: 5432:T. sewerzowi 5431: 5421: 5418:Hazel grouse 5407: 5396: 5386: 5383:Black grouse 5372: 5361: 5349: 5340:T. urogallus 5339: 5325: 5314: 5304: 5292: 5282: 5268: 5257: 5254:Sooty grouse 5247: 5244:Dusky grouse 5233: 5222: 5208: 5195: 5185: 5171: 5142: 5129: 5120:M. gallopavo 5119: 5105: 5097:Meleagridini 5080: 5066: 5041: 5031: 5022:L. impejanus 5021: 5007: 4996: 4986: 4974:Tetraophasis 4972: 4961: 4951: 4941: 4931: 4921: 4907: 4899:Lophophorini 4882: 4868: 4843: 4829: 4701:Indian rupee 4680:Republic Day 4599: 4592:Bengal tiger 4437: 4433: 4429: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4376: 4372: 4366: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4304: 4300: 4295:. 8(6), 4–5. 4290: 4286: 4277: 4270: 4249: 4241: 4229:. 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It is the 344: 332:Amotz Zahavi 317: 302: 298:colloquially 293: 289: 275:blue peafowl 274: 270: 265: 264: 260: 258: 225: 223: 207: 206: 194: 38: 32: 8098:Neotropical 8059:NatureServe 7994:iNaturalist 7839:Wikispecies 7730:P. harwoodi 7660:P. capensis 7640:P. jacksoni 7590:P. erckelii 7460:P. asiatica 7340:C. japonica 7330:C. coturnix 7226:Brown quail 7170:T. altaicus 7107:Coturnicini 7091:S. shelleyi 7018:Scleroptila 6928:Francolinus 6896:O. sephaena 6758:Bambusicola 6692:P. germaini 6682:P. emphanum 6627:G. lunulata 6617:G. spadicea 6604:Galloperdix 6579:Haematortyx 6454:Great argus 6423:R. ocellata 6352:A. javanica 6170:Arborophila 6027:L. swinhoii 5985:L. inornata 5935:L. edwardsi 5665:P. dauurica 5504:Tympanuchus 5457:B. umbellus 5248:D. obscurus 5235:Dendragapus 5210:Falcipennis 5130:M. ocellata 5116:Wild turkey 5032:L. sclateri 5009:Lophophorus 4987:T. obscurus 4883:I. cruentus 4808:Phasianinae 4792:Galliformes 4762:Phasianidae 4423:(2): 71–75. 4282:. 5(4):4–6. 3810:21 December 3644:(20): 470. 3554:21 December 3515:21 December 3472:21 December 3371:21 December 3332:21 December 3264:21 December 3036:26 December 2520:21 December 2481:21 December 2437:21 December 2188:12 November 2074:21 December 1766:21 December 1009:mate choice 821:New Zealand 684:, Sri Lanka 631:nigripennis 553:or a rapid 507:wild turkey 503:Phasianidae 488:Description 184:Phasianidae 174:Galliformes 58:Peacock in 8205:Categories 8183:Xeno-canto 7560:P. nobilis 7527:Pternistis 7425:A. barbara 7415:A. philbyi 7306:Rain quail 7256:King quail 7246:Blue quail 7182:Ammoperdix 7140:T. caspius 7051:S. finschi 6916:O. gularis 6883:Ortygornis 6871:P. lathami 6858:Peliperdix 6771:B. fytchii 6518:P. muticus 6445:Argusianus 6410:Rheinardia 6385:Subfamily 6242:A. diversa 6212:A. gingica 6136:R. rouloul 6113:C. oculeus 6101:Caloperdix 6068:Xenoperdix 6056:Rollulinae 6054:Subfamily 5915:L. bulweri 5880:C. harmani 5860:C. auritum 5740:S. reevesi 5700:S. ellioti 5687:Syrmaticus 5632:Phasianini 5593:Rhizothera 5492:C. minimus 5422:T. bonasia 5315:L. leucura 5289:Red grouse 5283:L. lagopus 5173:Canachites 5159:Tetraonini 5058:Pucrasiini 5042:L. lhuysii 4922:T. blythii 4860:Ithaginini 4806:Subfamily 4720:(Calendar) 4704:(Currency) 4659:(Microber) 4648:King cobra 3873:11 January 3573:: 195–235. 3507:(2): 300. 3464:(4): 202. 3424:: 178–187. 3408:), dhole ( 3324:(1): 214. 3256:(2): 464. 2301:The Condor 1830:: 205–206. 1795:: 221–222. 1510:29 January 1400:References 1347:Robin Hood 1316:Melek Taus 1264:Wanderwort 1214:In culture 1085:nidifugous 1056:polygamous 931:camouflage 887:camouflage 872:See also: 797:Madagascar 749:Costa Rica 340:signalling 76:Peahen in 7447:Perdicula 7405:A. chukar 7395:A. graeca 7362:Alectoris 6951:F. pictus 6846:G. varius 6816:G. gallus 6387:Pavoninae 6302:A. davidi 6262:A. ardens 5965:L. ignita 5925:L. diardi 5787:Phasianus 5775:C. pictus 5720:S. mikado 5710:S. humiae 5655:P. perdix 5547:(extinct) 5545:Heath hen 5539:T. cupido 5409:Tetrastes 5387:L. tetrix 5107:Meleagris 4952:T. satyra 4932:T. caboti 4870:Ithaginis 4772:Kingdom: 4651:(Reptile) 4440:(8): 755. 4157:"Peacock" 3491:Bubo bubo 3454:Linnaeus" 3206:(6): 139. 2831:: 13–19. 2670:cite book 2582:145455502 2361:2246/3909 2101:(2): 40. 1946:J. Genet. 1853:: 64–68. 1444:2 January 1276:Kartikeya 1119:and even 1105:groundnut 988:and/or a 900:that the 896:wrote to 817:Australia 809:Indonesia 801:Mauritius 773:Argentina 702:Sri Lanka 599:leucistic 202:Species: 140:Kingdom: 134:Eukaryota 8157:Species+ 8064:2.100180 8051:22679435 8012:11160615 7911:22679435 7906:BirdLife 7824:Wikidata 7502:Ophrysia 7385:A. magna 7297:Coturnix 7217:Synoicus 6986:C. coqui 6470:Afropavo 6458:A. argus 6400:Pavonini 6332:A. rolli 6159:M. niger 6124:Rollulus 5068:Pucrasia 4909:Tragopan 4844:L. lerwa 4780:Chordata 4778:Phylum: 4774:Animalia 4611:(Flower) 4595:(Animal) 4565:(Pledge) 4549:(Anthem) 4533:(Emblem) 4406:: 41–45. 4225:Archived 4195:Archived 4191:In geveb 4165:Archived 3948:Archived 3919:Archived 3864:Archived 3828:(1991). 3804:Archived 3705:18700500 3666:11252054 3638:Vet. 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Hered 1760:Archived 1504:Archived 1355:Ayurveda 1322:and the 1312:Yezidism 1241:Sanskrit 1157:leopards 1137:leopards 1100:Zizyphus 1019:Breeding 958:hormones 950:handicap 898:Asa Gray 785:Portugal 761:Suriname 753:Colombia 745:Honduras 615:Japanned 525:Call of 478:Sanskrit 462:tukkiyim 460:(plural 417:, later 415:Sanskrit 336:handicap 290:peacocks 233:Linnaeus 180:Family: 154:Chordata 150:Phylum: 144:Animalia 130:Domain: 107:IUCN 3.1 8113:peafowl 7986:9451184 7893:Avibase 7770:P. afer 7435:A. rufa 7205:A. heyi 7071:S. afra 6748:Gallini 5902:Lophura 5822:Catreus 5374:Lyrurus 5305:L. muta 5270:Lagopus 4821:Lerwini 4790:Order: 4784:Class: 4712:(River) 4627:(Fruit) 4541:(Motto) 3658:6649386 3246:Linn.)" 3160:The Auk 3088:4394886 3068:Bibcode 3003:4074220 2321:1366352 2261:Bibcode 2224:bioRxiv 2152:1177550 2028:2935481 2005:Bibcode 1910:Peacock 1378:Yiddish 1268:Krishna 1125:excreta 1121:bananas 1092:Feeding 1050:, India 1048:Haryana 956:by the 825:Croatia 805:Réunion 769:Uruguay 678:Peacock 636:allelic 555:kok-kok 546:Monsoon 542:may-awe 452:). The 396:Chaucer 349:on the 294:peahens 282:species 279:peafowl 277:, is a 190:Genus: 170:Order: 160:Class: 105: ( 8149:415633 8120:NZOR: 8110:NZBO: 8103:compea 8038:176113 7968:EURING 7960:compea 7934:compea 7880:ARKive 7830:Q61865 7105:Tribe 6803:Gallus 6746:Tribe 6567:Tribe 6398:Tribe 5642:Perdix 5630:Tribe 5581:Tribe 5444:Bonasa 5327:Tetrao 5163:Grouse 5157:Tribe 5095:Tribe 5056:Tribe 4897:Tribe 4858:Tribe 4819:Tribe 4709:Ganges 4694:Others 4619:(Tree) 4616:Banyan 4603:(Bird) 4557:(Song) 4525:(Flag) 4352:Alauda 4335:Alauda 4318:Alauda 4231:4 June 4201:4 June 4171:2 June 4139: 4118: 4096:2 June 4064:2 June 3991:594123 3989: 3954:2 June 3925:1 June 3836: 3703: 3664: 3656: 3136: 3101:2 June 3086: 3060:Nature 3010: 3000: 2918: 2878: 2800: 2758: 2723: 2658: 2605: 2580: 2562:Osiris 2543: 2398: 2319: 2150: 2035: 2025: 1964: 1922: 1716: 1633: 1599: 1573: 1540: 1496: 1469: 1351:Viking 1296:Vishnu 1292:Ravana 1256:*mayVr 1245:mayura 1236:mayura 1153:tigers 1151:, and 1141:dholes 1109:tomato 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