Pelasgians - Knowledge

69: 2754:) and a representative sample of smaller sites in the study area. A summary of the chief conclusions to be drawn from the four seasons can be made...MH settlement is established on two summits overlooking the plain...one of which, Panakton...becomes the most substantial LH site in the area. A fortified MH settlement is also established on a peak in rugged country beyond the NE edge of the plain...between the Mazareika and Vountima valleys, in which other settlements are established in the LH era...The remoteness of this NE sector, and the great natural strength of the MH site and a nearby LH IIIC citadel...suggest that the inhabitants of these glens and crags sought to protect and separate themselves from peoples beyond the peaks that surrounded them, perhaps because they were ethnically distinct and economically more or less independent of the Myc Greeks who dominated the plains. Traditions of Pelasgians in these mountains at the end of the 1518: 1294:, according to the custom of their land, and when the ancient altar glowed with fire, the Greeks observed an azure colored snake crawling up in a plane tree near the place where they had just begun their sacrifice. Among the highest branches was a nest, with twice four birds—and those the serpent seized together with the mother-bird as she was fluttering round her loss. And every bird the serpent buried in his greedy maw. All stood amazed: but Calchas, who perceived the truth, exclaimed, "Rejoice Pelasgian men, for we shall conquer; Troy will fall; although the toil of war must long continue—so the nine birds equal nine long years of war." And while he prophesied, the serpent, coiled about the tree, was transformed to a stone, curled crooked as a snake. 1924:. García-Ramón remarked that "the attempt to determine phonological rules for an Indo-European pre-Greek language ('Pelasgian') is considered a complete failure today", while Beekes (2018) notes that "one of the demerits of Georgiev's Pelasgian theory was that it drew attention away from the Pre-Greek material itself", concluding that "the search for Pelasgian was an expensive and useless distraction." However, Biliana Mihaylova finds no contradiction between "the idea of Indo-European Pre-Greek substratum" and "the possibility of the existence of an earlier non-Indo-European layer in Greece" given certain Pre-Greek words possessing Indo-European "pattern of word formation." 1469:

Pelasgians who once lived with the Athenians and then settled Plakia and Skylake in the Hellespont; and along with those who lived with all the other communities and were once Pelasgian but changed their names. If one can judge by this evidence, the Pelasgians spoke a barbarian language. And so, if the Pelasgian language was spoken in all these places, the people of Attica being originally Pelasgian, must have learned a new language when they became Hellenes. As a matter of fact, the people of Krestonia and Plakia no longer speak the same language, which shows that they continue to use the dialect they brought with them when they migrated to those lands.

4251:, present papers resulting from the London Conference held in 1999 entitled "The Role of Myth in the History and Development of Albania." The "Pelasgian" myth of Albanians as the most ancient community in southeastern Europe is among those explored in Noel Malcolm's essay, "Myths of Albanian National Identity: Some Key Elements, As Expressed in the Works of Albanian Writers in America in the Early Twentieth Century". The introductory essay by Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers establishes the context of the "Pelasgian Albanian" mythos, applicable to Eastern Europe generally, in terms of the longing for a stable identity in a rapidly opening society. 760: 2718:

from the Pelasgians, the neolithic inhabitants of Thessaly. Indeed the neolithic vases of Attica date from the earliest neolithic age (5520–4900) like the ceramics from the Thessalian acropolis of Sesclos, as well as from the later neolithic age (4900–3200) like those from the other Thessalian acropolis of Dimini...The search for traces of the neolithic age on the Acropolis began in 1922 with the excavations of the Italian Archaeological School near the Aesclepium. Another settlement was discovered in the vicinity of the Odeion of Pericles where many sherds of pottery and a stone axe, both of

4108:, pp. 25–26: "Herodotus' account, for example, of the adoption by the Pelasgians of the names of the gods (2.52.1) suggests a much closer relationship between the Pelasgian and Greek languages. Before they heard the names of the gods, the Pelasgians (assuming, interestingly, the existence of a number of gods) called them simply θεοί, on the grounds that they had 'established (θέντες) all affairs in their order'. This etymology, advanced apparently in all seriousness, seems to suggest that the Pelasgians spoke a language at least 'akin to' Greek." 2750:). Explorations begun in 1985 and 1987 were extended into new parts of the plain and surrounding valleys, so that by now a representative portion (approximately 25%) of most of the inhabitable areas of the three koinotites of Pyli, Skourta, and Stefani have been examined intensively. 66 sites were discovered or studied for the first time in the course of this highly productive season, yielding a total of 120 premodern sites studied by our survey since 1985. The survey should have identified all major settlement sites (over 5 822:

was parsed in terms of opposition, Greek writers could employ discourses about the alterity and barbarity of the Pelasgians to underline the distinction between Greek and non-Greek peoples. Consistently, however, Pelasgians appear in Greek literature as links to the Greeks' distant past. In this way, the Pelasgians enabled Greek writers to trace the historical roots of Greek identity, to explain the development of contemporary cultural conditions, and to promote Greek political projects in various political contexts.

2579:, and bracelets. The decorations on some of the gold objects contained spirals of Mycenean origin, but had no Geometric forms. According to their ornamentation, the pots discovered at the site were from the Geometric period. However, the pots also preserved spirals indicative of Mycenean art. The results of the excavations indicate that the Early Iron Age inhabitants of Lemnos could be a remnant of a Mycenaean population and, in addition, the earliest attested reference to Lemnos is the 12564: 8688: 12574: 8698: 8708: 484: 3562: 3533: 837: 1376: 2782: 3571:, p. 131: "Herodotus argues near the very beginning of his work that most of the people who later became Hellenes were Pelasgians, and that these Pelasgians were barbarians and spoke a barbarian language. From these Pelasgians Herodotus derives the descent of the Ionians, as well as that of all the other Greeks of the present day who are not Dorians (1.56.3–58) ". 2546:. These discoveries help provide physical confirmation of the literary tradition that describes the Athenians as the descendants of the Pelasgians, who appear to descend continuously from the Neolithic inhabitants in Thessaly. Overall, the archaeological evidence indicates that the site of the Acropolis was inhabited by farmers as early as the 6th millennium BC. 2737:

eyes of the Hellenes, appeared barbarous, is shown by the weapons. The Greek weapon, dagger or spear, is lacking: the weapons of the barbarians, the axe and the knife, are common. Since, however, this population...preserves so many elements of Mycenaean art, the Tyrrhenians or Pelasgians of Lemnos may be recognized as a remnant of a Mycenaean population."

3542:, p. 134: "Herodotus, like other Greeks, instinctively imagined the non-Dorian inhabitants of 'ancient' Greece—Achaeans, Argives, Danaans, Ionians, Pelasgians, Cadmeans, Lapiths, and all the rest of the races of myth and epic—to be essentially "Greek" and ancestral to themselves, as Aeschylus imagined the Pelasgian Argives in the Supplices ". 1659:) "and that, in converting many peoples to the same mode of life, they imparted their name to all", meaning "all of Hellas". They colonized Crete and extended their rule over Epirus, Thessaly and by implication over wherever else the ancient authors said they were, beginning with Homer. The Peloponnese was called "Pelasgia". 2791:, p. 13: "Common fifth century tradition claimed not only that the Pelasgians were the oldest inhabitants of Greece and among the ancestors of the Greek heroes."; p. 49: "Fifth century opinion assumed that the Pelasgians were the ancestors of the heroic Greeks, e.g. the ancestors of the Danaans, Arcadians and Athenians.". 1473:

Furthermore, Herodotus discussed the relationship between the Pelasgians and the (other) Greeks, which, according to Pericles Georges, reflected the "rivalry within Greece itself between Dorian Sparta and Ionian Athens." Specifically, Herodotus stated that the Hellenes separated from the Pelasgians

2717:

According to Prokopiou: "Some forty years ago excavations on the Athenian Acropolis and on other sites in Attica brought to light many indications of neolithic life – dwellings, vases, tools, skeletons of sheep – which confirmed the traditions recorded by Herodotus that the Athenians were descended

1542:

resettled on Lemnos and then found it necessary to reconquer the island. This expulsion of (non-Athenian) Pelasgians from Athens may reflect, according to the historian Robert Buck, "a dim memory of forwarding of refugees, closely akin to the Athenians in speech and custom, to the Ionian colonies".

821:

While defining Greek identity in terms of collectivity or superiority...Greek writers always had the option to resort to traditions about Pelasgian ancestors to emphasize the shared legacy of all Greeks as descendants of the autochthonous Pelasgians. By contrast, if the definition of Greek identity

4228:

Soon after this the "Pelasgian theory" was formulated, according to which the Greek and Albanian languages were claimed to have a common origin in Pelasgian, while the Albanians themselves are Pelasgians and hence come from the same ethnological stock as the Greeks. The "Pelasgian theory" began to

2736:

Professor Della Seta reports: "The lack of weapons of bronze, the abundance of weapons of iron, and the type of the pots and the pins gives the impression that the necropolis belongs to the ninth or eighth century BC. That it did not belong to a Greek population, but to a population which, in the

1944:

based on the fact that areas traditionally inhabited by the "Pelasgi" (i.e. Arcadia and Attica) only spoke Greek and the few surviving Pelasgian words and inscriptions (i.e., Lamina Borgiana, Herodotus 2.52.1) betray Greek linguistic features despite the classical identification of Pelasgian as a

1289:

Sadly his father, Priam, mourned for him, not knowing that young Aesacus had assumed wings on his shoulders, and was yet alive. Then also Hector with his brothers made complete but unavailing sacrifice, upon a tomb which bore his carved name. Paris was absent. But soon afterwards, he brought into

1684:

He goes on to add that the nation wandered a great deal. They were originally natives of "Achaean Argos" descended from Pelasgus, the son of Zeus and Niobe. They migrated from there to Haemonia (later called Thessaly), where they "drove out the barbarian inhabitants" and divided the country into

1679:

Afterwards some of the Pelasgians who inhabited Thessaly, as it is now called, being obliged to leave their country, settled among the Aborigines and jointly with them made war upon the Sicels. It is possible that the Aborigines received them partly in the hope of gaining their assistance, but I

1468:

I am unable to state with certainty what language the Pelasgians spoke, but we could consider the speech of the Pelasgians who still exist in settlements above Tyrrhenia in the city of Kreston, formerly neighbors to the Dorians who at that time lived in the land now called Thessaliotis; also the

1478:

As for the Hellenes, it seems obvious to me that ever since they came into existence they have always used the same language. They were weak at first, when they were separated from the Pelasgians, but they grew from a small group into a multitude, especially when many peoples, including other

1140:), implying that Argos includes all of east Greece from the north of Thessaly to the Peloponnesian Argos, where the Danaids are probably to be conceived as having landed. He claims to rule the Pelasgians and to be the "child of Palaichthon (or 'ancient earth') whom the earth brought forth". 4418:

In the Greek islands and possibly also the Peloponnese were speakers of a language scholars sometimes call Minoan, after the great civilization associated with Crete in the second millennium BCE, or Eteo-Cretan. It is probably the language of the Minoan A script, which has largely escaped

2103:

Albert Joris Van Windekens (1915—1989) offered rules for an unattested hypothetical Indo-European Pelasgian language, selecting vocabulary for which there was no Greek etymology among the names of places, heroes, animals, plants, garments, artifacts and social organization. His 1952 essay

2726:

type, implements of later Stone Age and bones of domestic animals and fish. The discoveries reinforced the theory that permanent settlement by farmers with their flocks, their stone and bone tools and ceramic utensils had taken place on the rock of the Acropolis as early as the sixth

2566:

for 3 January 1927. The overall purpose of the excavations was to shed light on the island's "Etrusco-Pelasgian" civilization. The excavations were conducted on the site of the city of Hephaisteia (i.e., Palaiopolis) where the Pelasgians, according to Herodotus, surrendered to

2762:

eras, most of these sites in the NE sector are not again inhabited for well over a millennium. Elsewhere, within the more accessible expanse of the Skourta plain itself, LH settlements are established on many sites which are later again important in the C

1543:

Also, Herodotus wrote that the Pelasgians on the island of Lemnos opposite Troy once kidnapped the Hellenic women of Athens for wives, but the Athenian wives created a crisis by teaching their children "the language of Attica" instead of the Pelasgian.

2414:

and subsequent historians, who strung together out of them a supposed history of the past, at a time when the conditions of historical evidence were very little understood. That these names designated real nations may be true but here our knowledge

1894:

In the absence of certain knowledge about the identity (or identities) of the Pelasgians, various theories have been proposed. Some of the more prevalent theories supported by scholarship are presented below. Since Greek is classified as an

4540:

period that provides most of our parallels, yet, curiously, the striking Dimini-type painted wares of Thessaly are completely lacking, and there is only one small recognisable sherd of the related Mattpainted ware of Central and Southern

1911:

The theory that Pelasgian was an Indo-European language, which "fascinated scholars" and concentrated research during the second part of the 20th century, has since been critiqued; an emerging consensus among modern linguists is that the

783:, who was a trained classicist. Unless further ancient texts come to light, advances on the subject cannot be made. Therefore the most likely source of progress regarding the Pelasgians continues to be archaeology and related sciences. 1550:" and wrote about the Ionian inhabitants of "the land now called Achaea" (i.e., northwestern Peloponnese) being "called, according to the Greek account, Aegialean Pelasgi, or Pelasgi of the Sea Shore"; afterwards, they were called 1464:" though he thought of the Pelasgians to have been essentially Greek. Herodotus also discussed various areas inhabited (or previously inhabited) by Pelasgians/Pelasgian-speakers along with their different neighbors/co-residents: 68: 1218:

hills and among the Tyrsenoi Pelasgoi, an unusual hyphenated noun construction, "Tyrsenians-Pelasgians". Interpretation is open, even though translators typically make a decision, but Tyrsenians may well be the ethnonym

771:, when the writers of those times read previous works on the subject. No definitive answers were ever forthcoming by this method; it rather served to better define the problems. The method perhaps reached a peak in the 2537:

dwellings, tools, pottery and skeletons from domesticated animals (such as sheep and fish). All of these discoveries showed significant resemblances to the Neolithic discoveries made on the Thessalian acropolises of

4079:

An inscription discovered in Calabria in 1785 and preserved in Cardinal Borgia's collection at Velletri, discussed in Luigi Lanza, ‘’,Saggio di lingua Latina e altri antichi d’Italia'’, vol. I, 2nd ed. Florence

5482:

Die Ägäische Frühzeit: Forschungsbericht über die Ausgrabungen im letzten Jahrzehnt und über ihre Ergebnisse für unser Geschichtsbild. Bd. I. Die Vormykenischen Perioden des Griechischen Festlandes und der

2549:

The results on the prehistoric material of the American excavations near the Clepsydra have also been analyzed by Immerwahr, arguing (in contrast to Prokopiou) that no Dimini-type pottery was unearthed.

1655:, building on a fragment from Hesiod that attests to a tradition of an aboriginal Pelasgian people in Arcadia, developed a theory of the Pelasgians as a people living a "military way of life" ( 2575:. The ossuaries contained distinctly male and female funeral ornaments. Male ossuaries contained knives and axes whereas female ossuaries contained earrings, bronze pins, necklaces, gold 1685:

Phthiotis, Achaia, and Pelasgiotis, named after Achaeus, Phthius and Pelasgus, "the sons of Larissa and Poseidon." Subsequently, "about the sixth generation they were driven out by the

5318:

Mihaylova, Biliana (2012). "The Pre-Greek Substratum Revisited". In Hejl, Christina Løye; Jacquet, Janus Bahs; Heide, Marie; Whitehead, Benedicte Nielsen; Olsen, Birgit Anette (eds.).

974:, "language mixing with language side by side". Last on his list, Homer distinguishes them from other ethnicities on the island: "Cretans proper", Achaeans, Cydonians (of the city of 640:. Michael Sakellariou collects fifteen different etymologies proposed for it by philologists and linguists during the last 200 years, though he admits that "most are fanciful". 4463: 2722:

type, were unearthed. Excavations carried out by the American Classical School near the Clepshydra uncovered twenty-one wells and countless pieces of handmade pottery, sherds of

1290:

that land a ravished wife, Helen, the cause of a disastrous war, together with a thousand ships, and all the great Pelasgian nation. Here, when a sacrifice had been prepared to

585:

region and their cultures, and British historian Peter Green comments on it as "a hold-all term for any ancient, primitive and presumably indigenous people in the Greek world".

2610:. Moreover, the location of the sites is an indication that the Pelasgian inhabitants sought to distinguish themselves "ethnically" (a fluid term) and economically from the 693:), playing upon the Athenian belief that they were originally Pelasgians, is that grown-up storks must support their parents by migrating elsewhere and conducting warfare. 1416:

and Nanas (kings of Pelasgiotis in Thessaly). During Nanas's reign, the Pelasgians were driven out by the Greeks and departed for Italy. They landed at the mouth of the

600:", though some ancient writers nonetheless described the Pelasgians as Greeks. A tradition also survived that large parts of Greece had once been Pelasgian before being 4229:

take shape in the 1850s and 1860s and became widespread in the 1870s. ... Needless to say, there is absolutely no scientific evidence to support any of these theories.

1848:

Almost every one is agreed that the Pelasgi were an ancient race spread throughout the whole of Greece, but especially in the country of the Æolians near to Thessaly.

892:). Homer calls their town or district "Larisa" and characterises it as fertile, and its inhabitants as celebrated for their spearsmanship. He records their chiefs as 2794: 1764:. The author then continues to detail the tribulations of the Pelasgians and then goes on to the Tyrrhenians, whom he is careful to distinguish from the Pelasgians. 2135:

speakers, as well as traditionally identified enclaves of descendants that still existed in classical Greece. The theory derives from the original concepts of the

1091:) into an Argive-Pelasgian kingdom ruled by Pelasgus. This affirms the ancient Greek origins of the Pelasgians as well as their widespread settlements throughout 12678: 11309: 10629: 1619:, which was already populated. A plot of land below the Acropolis was called "Pelasgian" and was regarded as cursed, but the Athenians settled there anyway. 3776: 1479:

barbarians in great numbers, had joined them. Moreover, I do not think the Pelasgian, who remained barbarians, ever grew appreciably in number or power.

5145:

Heffner, Edward H. (January 1927). "Archaeological News: Notes on Recent Archaeological Excavations and Discoveries; Other News (July–December 1926)".

2498:, these scholars portray Georgia as a source of spirituality in the Greek world by "manipulating Greek and Roman sources in a highly dubious manner". 1811:" and its inhabitants (the Pelasgians) were renamed "Arcadians". Pausanias also mentions the Pelasgians as responsible for creating a wooden image of 1675:

in several pages gives a synoptic interpretation of the Pelasgians based on the sources available to him then, concluding that Pelasgians were Greek:

4016: 3742: 2885: 12235: 12231: 12227: 12223: 12219: 5835: 1052:

as the first man, born of the earth. This account features centrally in the construction of an enduring autochthonous Arcadian identity into the

12648: 12215: 10154: 9199: 9120: 8959: 5028: 2747: 2522: 450: 9272: 1432:. The inference is that Hellanicus believed the Pelasgians of Thessaly (and indirectly of the Peloponnese) to have been the ancestors of the 12211: 10329: 9209: 3725: 3663: 3614: 2423:

asserts that certain elements of that mythology originate with the native Pelasgian people (namely the parts related to his concept of the

2410:, &c. These are names belonging to legendary, not to historical Greece – extracted out of a variety of conflicting legends by the 1595:

the country went by the names of the different tribes, in particular of the Pelasgian. It was not till Hellen and his sons grew strong in

1460:

seeking to learn who the strongest Greeks were to befriend them. Afterwards, Herodotus ambivalently classified the Pelasgian language as "

12239: 1554:. Moreover, Herodotus mentioned that the Aegean islanders "were a Pelasgian race, who in later times took the name Ionians" and that the 512: 3709: 3443: 1487:, an island located just north of Troy, before coming to Attica. Moreover, Herodotus wrote that the Pelasgians simply called their gods 10699: 10659: 10192: 7435: 5104: 3647: 3631: 3511: 3115: 375: 3086: 3015: 2598:

During the 1980s, the Skourta Plain Project identified Middle Helladic and Late Helladic sites on mountain summits near the plains of

12536: 12259: 3371: 2378:

There are, indeed, various names affirmed to designate the ante-Hellenic inhabitants of many parts of Greece – the Pelasgi, the

1872:

was settled by Pelasgians from Thessaly, who called it by its former name, "Agylla". Pelasgians also settled around the mouth of the

2915: 10916: 10566: 9233: 5533: 4218: 1860:

as far as the mountainous country of Pindus" and states that it took its name from Pelasgian rule. He includes also the tribes of

1680:

believe it was chiefly on account of their kinship; for the Pelasgians, too, were a Greek nation originally from the Peloponnesus

10581: 8744: 4177:

Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity: An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, and Early Israel, 1300–1100 B.C.E.

2518: 2022:, a Bulgarian linguist, asserted that the Pelasgians spoke an Indo-European language and were, more specifically, related to the 1155:

live) is in fact a non-Greek word. They claim to descend from ancestors in ancient Argos even though they are of a "dark race" (

12541: 11169: 10428: 10306: 10276: 10012: 10008: 10004: 3097:

The location is never explicitly given. Gladstone shows, by process of elimination, that it must be in the north of Thessaly. (

2571:

of Athens. There, a necropolis (c. 9th–8th centuries BC) was discovered revealing bronze objects, pots, and more than 130

2331:

stories or deities that seem to have no parallels in the mythologies of other Indo-European peoples (e. g., the Olympians

1128:

mountains on the west and the shores of the sea on the east; that is, a territory including but somewhat larger than classical

12673: 10812: 10443: 9843: 9772: 9130: 5457: 5382: 5193: 5082: 5050: 4847: 4826: 4713: 4650: 4626: 4502: 4442: 4411: 4384: 2746:

French reports: "The fourth and final season of the survey of the Skourta plain was conducted in 1989 by M. and M.L.Z. Munn (

3910: 3893: 3873: 3853: 3464: 2161:. In this theory, a number of possible non-Indo-European linguistic and cultural features are attributed to the Pelasgians: 1599:, and were invited as allies into the other cities, that one by one they gradually acquired from the connection the name of 12628: 12618: 10369: 10126: 9921: 9193: 6823: 5737: 2435: 2172:

Non-Greek and possibly non-Indo-European roots for many Greek toponyms in the region, containing the consonantal strings "-

747:

therefore meant "the sea men", where the sea is flat. This could be connected to the maritime marauders referred to as the

5257: 4780: 12633: 11093: 10733: 10520: 10164: 9204: 9045: 5828: 5259:

In Search of the Pelasgians: Discursive Strategies and Greek Identities from the Archaic Period to the Roman Imperial Era

4472:, M. G. Abdushelishvili, "The Genesis of the Aboriginal Population of the Caucasus in the Light of Anthropological Data". 2321: 1517: 271: 2806: 2558:

In August and September 1926, members of the Italian School of Archaeology conducted trial excavations on the island of

2157:

and Fritz Schachermeyr led them to conclude that the Pelasgians had migrated from Asia Minor to the Aegean basin in the

1538:

In Book 6, the Pelasgians of Lemnos were originally Hellespontine Pelasgians who had been living in Athens but whom the

10901: 10669: 10558: 10285: 10115: 9960: 9355: 7445: 7135: 6828: 6762: 4866: 4680: 3827: 3617:. The text allows two interpretations, that Pelasgians were indigenous there or that they had been resettled by Athens. 2803:, p. 41: "The Greek sources identify the Pelasgians as forerunners of the Greeks in the Peloponnesus and Attica.". 2146: 1092: 4216:

Mackridge, Peter (2007–2008). "Aspects of language and identity in the Greek peninsula since the eighteenth century".

3810: 3131: 3043:, Greece. Many towns bearing the same (or similar) name existed. This specific "Larisa" seems to have been located in 12643: 12623: 12267: 10764: 10121: 10106: 9219: 9174: 9105: 9100: 8797: 6833: 6808: 5616: 5513: 5492: 5403: 5308: 5246: 5214: 5183: 4933: 4802: 4755: 4734: 4188: 3793: 2606:. These fortified mountain settlements were, according to tradition, inhabited by Pelasgians up until the end of the 2070: 12638: 10744: 10739: 10571: 10488: 10018: 8770: 8642: 7391: 6818: 6813: 3413: 1961:) indicates that the "Pelasgians spoke a language at least 'akin to' Greek". According to French classical scholar 1575: 445: 425: 9184: 5063:

A History of Greece: From the Earliest Period to the Close of the Generation Contemporary with Alexander the Great

2142:, whose views prevailed throughout the first half of the 20th century and are still given some credibility today. 2122: 1965:, if this linguistic affiliation is true, then it proves that the Pelasgians and the Greeks were the same people. 1756:

and being driven from there went to the country of the Aborigines where they consented to a treaty and settled at

731:. If the Pelasgians were not Indo-Europeans, the name in this derivation must have been assigned by the Hellenes. 10779: 10271: 7285: 7145: 7140: 6417: 2478:

scholars (including R. V. Gordeziani, M. G. Abdushelishvili and Z. Gamsakhurdia) connect the Pelasgians with the

1921: 505: 1190:

Sophocles and Euripides affirm the Greek origins of the Pelasgians while highlighting their relationship to the

12658: 12653: 10399: 9936: 8669: 7310: 6724: 5821: 5418:

Researches into the Physical History of Mankind: Containing Researches into the History of the European Nations

5093: 1060:, Asius describes the foundational hero of the Greek ethnic groups as "godlike Pelasgus black earth gave up". 371: 5604: 5564: 5227:

Proceedings: VIIIth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, 1968, Tokyo and Kyoto

709:, 'near', the word would mean 'neighbor' and would denote the nearest strange people to the invading Greeks". 12297: 11563: 11454: 10542: 10468: 9925: 9823: 9189: 8664: 8221: 7714: 7230: 7150: 6848: 6558: 5555: 5263: 4326: 2434:) drawing additional support for his conclusion from his interpretations of other ancient literature: Irish, 1740:. Most went to Dodona and eventually being driven from there to Italy (then called Saturnia), they landed at 814: 683: 596:. Populations identified as "Pelasgian" spoke a language or languages that at the time Greeks identified as " 539: 430: 11695: 8933: 4121:

Notes on Herodotus: Historical and Critical Comments on the History of Herodotus, with a Chronological Table

3178: 1327:

and that it was called "Pelasgia" from king Pelasgus. A second fragment states that Pelasgus was the son of

12663: 11779: 10774: 10665: 10213: 10079: 9931: 9651: 9347: 9160: 8637: 7166: 6620: 4494: 3201: 2031: 8843: 1001:", the "seat of Pelasgians", thus explaining why Homer, in referring to Zeus as he ruled over Dodona, did 12613: 12192: 12181: 11984: 11160: 10655: 10528: 10409: 10358: 10301: 10253: 10233: 10069: 9833: 9805: 8908: 8737: 7692: 7300: 7176: 6838: 6792: 6747: 6523: 6212: 4977:, Sixth International Onomastic Congress, Florence-Pisa, April 1961 (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences), 1961 4698:

Briquel, Dominique (2013). "3 Etruscan origins and the ancient authors". In Turfa, Jean MacIntosh (ed.).

4021: 1795:(along with his followers) was the first inhabitant of their land. Upon becoming king, Pelasgus invented 1243: 8231: 4521: 12521: 12293: 12245: 11466: 11123: 10684: 10620: 10474: 10038: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10022: 9941: 9313: 9243: 9060: 8353: 8226: 7359: 7354: 7330: 7240: 6757: 5855: 4764: 3455: 2233: 1672: 1200: 1104: 498: 470: 48: 5566:

Thucydides Translated into English; with Introduction, Marginal Analysis, Notes, and Indices. Volume 1

2826: 1456:

made many references to the Pelasgians. In Book 1, the Pelasgians are mentioned within the context of

12608: 12197: 12030: 11737: 11727: 11608: 11179: 11150: 11146: 11089: 11015: 10877: 10724: 10182: 10174: 9946: 9908: 9851: 9828: 9787: 9409: 9337: 9156: 9090: 9085: 9070: 8869: 8711: 8654: 7610: 7413: 7398: 7320: 7255: 6575: 6470: 5944: 5878: 2095:. This theory is not supported by any scientific evidence, and is seen as a myth by modern scholars. 367: 313: 31: 7222: 7202: 6400: 6058: 2248:

etc. These strings also appear in other non-Greek, presumably substratally inherited nouns such as

1844:

to the Pelasgians, relating both his own opinions and those of prior writers. He begins by stating:

12603: 12327: 11992: 11681: 11624: 11084: 11044: 10729: 10688: 10576: 10291: 10281: 10085: 9955: 9861: 9729: 9721: 9619: 9547: 9413: 9332: 9318: 9110: 9030: 7408: 7371: 7305: 6971: 6858: 5730: 4776: 2309: 1950: 1808: 1788: 1340: 1336: 1088: 1026: 1022: 853: 349: 297: 4913:

García-Ramón, José Luís (2004). "Greece, Languages". In Cancik, Hubert; Schneider, Helmut (eds.).

4126:

If this affiliation of language be admitted, then the Pelasgians and Greeks were of the same race.

2758:

raise the possibility that these may have been Pelasgian sites. Once abandoned, in the LH IIIC or

588:

In the Classic period, enclaves under that name survived in several locations of mainland Greece,

12481: 12390: 12207: 11689: 11040: 10905: 10798: 10719: 10364: 10187: 9950: 9856: 9777: 9751: 9733: 9725: 9687: 9611: 9607: 9551: 9252: 9238: 9140: 9075: 8974: 8691: 7815: 7615: 7600: 7403: 7386: 7366: 7335: 7235: 7171: 6787: 6772: 6742: 6703: 6580: 6432: 5934: 4419:

deciphering. A number of scholars consider this to be essentially the same language as Pelasgian.

4352: 4197: 2673: 780: 724: 656: 403: 322: 209: 17: 4244: 970:, affecting to be Cretan himself, instances Pelasgians among the tribes in the ninety cities of 759: 12512: 12491: 12473: 12273: 12173: 11980: 11579: 10841: 10789: 10704: 10438: 10423: 10339: 9995: 9755: 9643: 9639: 9631: 9627: 9623: 9405: 9017: 9012: 8984: 8730: 8649: 7652: 7423: 7381: 7315: 7280: 6732: 6716: 6412: 6353: 6202: 6197: 5525:ΣΟΦΟΚΛΗΣ: Sophoclis Tragoediae Superstites et Deperditarum Fragmenta: Editio Secunda Emendatior 5353: 4772: 2668: 1896: 1784: 1071:

incorporates all the territories that the Archaic tradition identifies as Pelasgian, including

1057: 1041: 674: 530: 465: 5072: 4486: 4432: 4374: 3482: 1151:, and in the Dorian dialect), which many translate as "barbarian speech" but Karba (where the 813:

perspectives of Pelasgian identity. According to an analysis by historian Tristn Lambright of

12531: 12438: 12255: 12015: 11746: 11583: 11036: 11010: 10868: 10759: 10753: 10650: 10625: 10615: 10433: 10405: 10144: 10044: 9747: 9635: 9603: 8701: 7930: 7920: 7910: 7895: 7585: 7325: 7295: 7250: 7245: 6876: 6843: 6645: 6550: 6536: 6192: 6063: 6027: 5413: 4401: 4336: 4119: 3692: 3473: 3435: 3408: 2633: 2568: 2411: 2088: 1913: 1779: 4093: 4031: 3478: 3427: 3389: 3377: 2007:

or "house". These elements have led to a second theory that Pelasgian was to some degree an

795:

in ancient sources was fluid. The Pelasgians were variously described by ancient authors as

12485: 12477: 12468: 12448: 12134: 11794: 11784: 11751: 11685: 11265: 11175: 11074: 10986: 10889: 10873: 10516: 10484: 10344: 10243: 10218: 10065: 9711: 9657: 9543: 9228: 9115: 9065: 8989: 8979: 8923: 8918: 8893: 8813: 8173: 8167: 8153: 7637: 7595: 7567: 7452: 7265: 6495: 6291: 4990: 4969: 4957: 4943: 4784: 4049: 3468: 2663: 2265: 2074: 2019: 1962: 1937: 1383: 1308: 1132:. The southern boundary is not mentioned; however, Apis is said to have come to Argos from 872: 604:. These parts fell largely, though far from exclusively, within the territory which by the 440: 358: 304: 10448: 1491:

prior to naming them on the grounds that the gods established all affairs in their order (

8: 12668: 12598: 12526: 12410: 11723: 11646: 11551: 10862: 10794: 10548: 10534: 10395: 10238: 10136: 10111: 10075: 9295: 9008: 8969: 8833: 8828: 8304: 8274: 7662: 7557: 7552: 6989: 6304: 6217: 6187: 6141: 5904: 5723: 5536:. The American Forum for Global Education. Archived from the original on 16 December 2000 4660: 4636: 4614: 2678: 2658: 2526: 2466:. A number of scholars consider Minoan to be essentially the same language as Pelasgian. 2463: 2127:

One theory uses the name "Pelasgian" to describe the inhabitants of the lands around the

1889: 1607:

The author regards the Athenians as having lived in scattered independent settlements in

1409: 1401: 1291: 804: 455: 255: 127: 105: 98: 1159:). Pelasgus admits that the land was once called Apia but compares them to the women of 12458: 12443: 12278: 12177: 12164: 11774: 11715: 11707: 11636: 11333: 10893: 10806: 10769: 10709: 10524: 10390: 10385: 10324: 10316: 9983: 9256: 9248: 9224: 9179: 8913: 8879: 8521: 8418: 8324: 7968: 7885: 7773: 7275: 7099: 6615: 6595: 6452: 6323: 6207: 6002: 5929: 5703: 5695: 5662: 5654: 5480: 5427: 5170: 5162: 5022: 4925:

Barbarian Asia and the Greek Experience: From the Archaic Period to the Age of Xenophon

4901: 4893: 4686: 4223: 3192: 2759: 2491: 2479: 2008: 1749: 1232: 578: 200: 4550: 2150: 12573: 12453: 12400: 12331: 12000: 11699: 11612: 11567: 10897: 10784: 10635: 10604: 10498: 10417: 10413: 10060: 9916: 9866: 9817: 9782: 9359: 9080: 9049: 8903: 8898: 8785: 8765: 8697: 8596: 8183: 7732: 7580: 7532: 7376: 7345: 7290: 7207: 7084: 6956: 6777: 6610: 6563: 6503: 6377: 6359: 6335: 6317: 6272: 6227: 6222: 5873: 5707: 5666: 5612: 5549: 5509: 5488: 5453: 5434: 5399: 5378: 5304: 5242: 5210: 5189: 5174: 5078: 5046: 4929: 4905: 4862: 4843: 4822: 4798: 4751: 4730: 4709: 4690: 4676: 4646: 4622: 4498: 4438: 4407: 4380: 4284:

As, for example, in Gordon Messing's extended review, criticizing point-by-point, in

4184: 3460: 3065: 2475: 2459: 2158: 2084: 917: 670: 331: 262: 57: 5297: 1642:

and Athens, and Bisaltians, Crestonians and Eonians; the towns all being small ones.

1561:

In Book 8, Herodotus mentioned that the Pelasgians of Athens were previously called

12463: 12335: 12263: 11996: 11968: 11769: 11731: 11677: 11651: 11640: 11571: 11462: 11411: 11165: 10978: 10958: 10694: 10680: 9165: 9004: 8964: 8954: 8884: 8838: 8823: 8808: 8526: 8058: 8023: 7840: 7697: 7575: 7462: 7457: 6782: 6737: 6568: 6475: 6091: 5924: 5909: 5899: 5687: 5646: 5611:. Translated by Sherrard, Philip. Athens: Ekdotike Hellados S.A. pp. 368–370. 5209:. Vol. 13. Princeton, NJ: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 5154: 4885: 4668: 4482: 2611: 2495: 1080: 1053: 913: 849: 768: 723:". He details a previous derivation, which appears in English at least as early as 720: 665: 562: 460: 232: 191: 143: 111: 78: 11303: 10464: 5135: 5124: 2927: 12567: 12507: 12430: 12323: 12288: 12054: 12004: 11976: 11812: 11804: 11789: 11761: 11655: 11108: 10911: 10502: 10223: 10208: 10089: 9595: 9569: 9395: 9125: 9095: 8943: 8864: 8541: 8299: 8087: 7900: 7642: 7508: 7440: 6767: 6365: 6347: 6341: 6255: 6232: 6106: 6017: 5977: 5914: 5772: 5627: 5584: 5503: 5468: 5447: 5393: 5372: 5336: 5272: 5236: 5225: 5204: 5061: 5040: 5003: 4973: 4947: 4923: 4837: 4816: 4792: 4745: 4724: 4699: 4640: 4604: 4403:

Authority and Identity: A Sociolinguistic History of Europe before the Modern Age

4175: 3322: 2580: 2383: 2139: 2080: 1989: 1985: 1686: 1148: 1143:

The Danaids call the country the "Apian hills" and claim that it understands the

385: 340: 225: 173: 11628: 9041: 8566: 8279: 5607:. In Christopoulos, George A.; Bastias, John C.; Phylactopoulos, George (eds.). 12517: 12420: 12303: 12046: 11972: 11925: 11719: 11667: 11596: 11591: 11559: 11458: 11363: 11212: 11103: 11079: 11005: 10881: 10858: 10849: 10749: 10675: 10645: 10639: 10296: 10266: 10261: 10159: 9795: 9791: 9743: 9561: 9169: 9055: 8994: 8874: 8853: 8423: 8363: 8358: 8314: 8095: 8043: 8033: 8013: 8003: 7747: 7742: 7737: 6590: 6389: 6383: 6371: 6171: 6146: 5919: 5844: 5589:(in French). Louvain-la-Neuve: Université de Louvain, Institut Orientalistique. 5578:(in French). Louvain-la-Neuve: Université de Louvain, Institut Orientalistique. 5332: 4812: 4537: 2293: 2166: 2154: 2092: 2041:

Georgiev also suggested that the Pelasgians were a sub-group of the Bronze Age

1941: 1824: 1506:

In Book 5, Herodotus mentioned the Pelasgians as inhabitants of the islands of

1237: 1168: 1117: 1037: 932:, Pelasgians were camping out on the shore together with the following tribes: 712: 696: 655:") and postulates that the Pelasgians were migrants like storks, possibly from 605: 597: 280: 182: 166: 5487:(in German). Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 12592: 12577: 12090: 12058: 12010: 11941: 11741: 11711: 11659: 11620: 11600: 11575: 11195: 11185: 11156: 11070: 11030: 11025: 11000: 10926: 10349: 10334: 9809: 9214: 9135: 8889: 8659: 8576: 8551: 8241: 8163: 7845: 7788: 7687: 7677: 7647: 7629: 7503: 6655: 6437: 6329: 6285: 6247: 6086: 6007: 5368: 5319: 5036: 3999: 3982: 3965: 3948: 3944: 3927: 3148: 2683: 2512: 2424: 2420: 2297: 1453: 1281: 1167:

and wants to know how they can be from Argos on which they cite descent from

809: 772: 609: 601: 488: 12405: 12062: 12034: 11897: 11861: 11817: 11671: 11632: 11616: 11604: 11520: 11496: 11434: 11355: 11255: 11247: 11118: 10944: 10802: 9887: 9875: 9533: 9435: 9326: 8999: 8928: 8476: 8428: 8294: 8148: 8018: 7657: 7493: 6999: 6961: 6660: 5534:"Foreigners and Barbarians (Adapted from Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks)" 5438: 5398:(in German). New York, NY: French and European Publications, Incorporated. 2517:

During the early 20th century, archaeological excavations conducted by the

2371: 2363: 2181: 1603:; though a long time elapsed before that name could fasten itself upon all. 1393: 1356: 1272: 732: 660: 238: 5347: 5282:

Mellaart, James (1965–1966). "Catal Hüyük, A Neolithic City in Anatolia".

4672: 4487:"Old Ghosts and New Chains: Ethnicity and Memory in the Georgian Republic" 2821: 2268:), etc. Other placenames with no apparent Indo-European etymology include 703:("neighboring land"), current at his time: "If Pelasgoi is connected with 12371: 12318: 12202: 12050: 11921: 11917: 11873: 11869: 11857: 11837: 11829: 11825: 11663: 11476: 11438: 11381: 11371: 11243: 11239: 11235: 11128: 10954: 10934: 10714: 10506: 10227: 9883: 9879: 9683: 9262: 8496: 8388: 8368: 8196: 7704: 7682: 7672: 7667: 7590: 7547: 7094: 7004: 6994: 6881: 6871: 6635: 6012: 5987: 5327:. Copenhagen: Roots of Europe (University of Copenhagen). pp. 80–81. 4975:

La toponymie ancienne de la péninsule balkanique et la thèse mediterannée

2698: 2688: 2447: 2149:

wrote them off as mythical, the results of archaeological excavations at

2132: 2058: 1996: 1953:, the Greek etymology of Pelasgian terms mentioned in Herodotus such as 1873: 1857: 1840: 1761: 1627: 1525: 1129: 1096: 845: 394: 35: 11963: 8201: 2924:, Chapter 2, Section 3, "Derivation of the Pelasgian Name", pp. 211–215. 1760:. They and the Aborigenes took over Umbria but were dispossessed by the 1638:

element; but the greater number are Tyrrheno-Pelasgians once settled in

1634:

mixed barbarian races speaking the two languages. There is also a small

12415: 12283: 12153: 12149: 12122: 11945: 11893: 11889: 11821: 11703: 11512: 11508: 11504: 11472: 11367: 11329: 11313: 11259: 11060: 10970: 10492: 9898: 9893: 9871: 9599: 9555: 9481: 9477: 9473: 8433: 8403: 8398: 8383: 8269: 8236: 7905: 7875: 7542: 7270: 7104: 6946: 6941: 6931: 6916: 6901: 6891: 6866: 6242: 5997: 5952: 5531: 4573: 2755: 2607: 2443: 2213: 2189: 2128: 2042: 1993: 1940:, an English writer and intellectual, argued that the Pelasgians spoke 1725: 1635: 1623: 1580: 1484: 1461: 1413: 1259:(Argos), formulated a law whereby the Pelasgians were now to be called 1121: 901: 893: 885: 877: 867: 748: 633: 593: 582: 574: 5699: 5658: 5166: 4897: 2049:

PRŚT or PLŚT. However, this Egyptian name has more often been read as

12130: 12118: 12094: 12024: 11988: 11953: 11913: 11905: 11885: 11845: 11587: 11540: 11532: 11492: 11484: 11430: 11405: 11341: 11299: 11287: 11138: 11113: 11020: 10990: 10885: 10149: 9695: 9589: 9573: 9493: 9459: 9391: 9383: 9367: 8408: 8334: 8319: 8289: 8284: 8216: 8140: 8125: 8110: 8053: 7953: 7605: 7537: 7109: 7089: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7014: 7009: 6979: 6926: 6886: 6665: 6531: 6485: 6465: 6096: 5967: 5802: 4705: 2693: 2643: 2623: 2572: 2534: 2487: 2428: 2399: 2348: 2328: 2229: 2185: 2136: 2023: 2000: 1982: 1946: 1900: 1592: 1547: 1499:. Later, Herodotus stated that the entire territory of Greece (i.e., 1449: 1433: 1429: 1352: 1320: 1228: 1221: 1207: 1195: 1178:

defines the original homeland of the Pelasgians as the region around

1133: 1068: 1018: 941: 881: 800: 786: 776: 637: 435: 5675: 5609:

History of the Hellenic World. Volume 1: Prehistory and Protohistory

5420:. Vol. III (3rd ed.). London: Sherwood, Gilbert and Piper. 5134:

Hellanicus; Sturz, Fridericus Guilielmus; Canteri, Gulielmi (1826).

1626:, Thucydides mentions that several settlements on the promontory of 12359: 12343: 12339: 12144: 12114: 12110: 12102: 12098: 12070: 12042: 11949: 11909: 11877: 11853: 11841: 11516: 11448: 11442: 11401: 11375: 11359: 11345: 11321: 11295: 11283: 11220: 11216: 11208: 10994: 10974: 10949: 10939: 10538: 10478: 9737: 9717: 9703: 9489: 9423: 8458: 8448: 8438: 8413: 8191: 8158: 8120: 8063: 7978: 7963: 7820: 7810: 7727: 7722: 7119: 7114: 7074: 7069: 7044: 7024: 6951: 6906: 6896: 6752: 6650: 6585: 6513: 6121: 5797: 5767: 5691: 5650: 5502:

Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie; Fischer, Bernd Jürgen, eds. (2002).

5158: 4889: 4839:

Greeks and Pre-Greeks: Aegean Prehistory and Greek Heroic Tradition

4356: 3040: 2951: 2587: 2483: 2407: 2387: 2352: 2336: 2301: 2245: 2205: 1792: 1745: 1737: 1709: 1600: 1558:, according to the Hellenes, were known anciently as "Pelasgians." 1555: 1495:); the author also stated that the gods of the Pelasgians were the 1417: 1405: 1397: 1375: 1324: 1084: 1072: 1049: 1014: 967: 949: 841: 617: 12020: 8211: 12395: 12379: 12367: 12363: 12355: 12351: 12126: 12106: 12066: 11929: 11865: 11849: 11524: 11423: 11415: 11337: 11325: 11291: 11271: 11251: 11204: 11097: 11065: 11055: 10962: 10354: 9699: 9691: 9615: 9581: 9577: 9513: 9505: 9447: 9439: 9417: 9375: 9363: 8601: 8591: 8536: 8531: 8516: 8506: 8491: 8486: 8373: 8261: 8251: 8130: 8105: 8100: 8073: 8068: 8048: 8038: 8028: 7993: 7983: 7973: 7925: 7915: 7890: 7855: 7850: 7825: 7478: 7260: 6921: 6911: 6670: 6640: 6630: 6625: 6605: 6600: 6480: 6427: 6136: 6126: 6116: 6111: 6101: 5813: 5792: 5787: 5777: 5757: 5576:

Le Pélasgique: Essai sur une Langue Indo-Européenne Préhéllenique

4180: 3036: 2751: 2653: 2648: 2638: 2628: 2603: 2599: 2431: 2379: 2344: 2285: 2257: 2241: 2237: 2209: 2177: 2050: 1974: 1917: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1713: 1694: 1690: 1652: 1612: 1496: 1483:

In Book 2, Herodotus alluded to the Pelasgians as inhabitants of

1457: 1260: 1256: 1191: 1179: 1116:

seek asylum from King Pelasgus of Argos, which he says is on the

975: 958: 945: 937: 897: 836: 775:

when new methods of systematic comparison began to be applied in

628:

Much like all other aspects of the "Pelasgians", their ethnonym (

613: 8722: 8546: 7860: 5452:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. 4665:

Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics

4037: 1852:

He defines Pelasgian Argos as being "between the outlets of the

743:, "side" (which is flat) shared the same root, *plāk-, and that 577:. In general, "Pelasgian" has come to mean more broadly all the 12187: 12082: 11957: 11937: 11933: 11901: 11881: 11833: 11536: 11528: 11500: 11488: 11480: 11419: 11397: 11275: 11227: 11050: 10982: 10966: 10854: 10510: 9813: 9707: 9673: 9669: 9665: 9647: 9539: 9521: 9517: 9485: 9427: 9387: 9379: 9371: 9322: 8753: 8571: 8501: 8481: 8443: 8309: 8115: 8008: 7945: 7935: 7880: 7498: 7483: 7079: 7064: 7039: 7034: 7019: 6680: 6675: 6442: 6422: 6166: 6156: 6151: 6022: 5982: 5972: 5957: 5238:

A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language

5008:. Vol. I. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 4360: 2723: 2719: 2576: 2559: 2543: 2539: 2530: 2403: 2356: 2340: 2332: 2317: 2313: 2281: 2273: 2225: 2201: 2193: 2046: 2026:. Georgiev also proposed, relying on a sound-shift model, that 1978: 1865: 1861: 1853: 1835: 1753: 1729: 1721: 1717: 1698: 1639: 1616: 1608: 1596: 1588: 1539: 1511: 1507: 1474:

with the former group surpassing the latter group numerically:

1252: 1125: 1109: 1076: 994: 990: 979: 925: 909: 889: 796: 643:

An ancient etymology based on mere similarity of sounds linked

570: 566: 30:

For followers of the religious doctrine condemned as heresy by

1999:(loosely meaning "City of the Storm God Tarhunta"), and later 12385: 12375: 12347: 12313: 12308: 12250: 12138: 12074: 12038: 11385: 11231: 9799: 9677: 9661: 9565: 9529: 9509: 9497: 9467: 9463: 9455: 9451: 9443: 9431: 9401: 9267: 8581: 8556: 8453: 8393: 8378: 8246: 8206: 7958: 7870: 7865: 7835: 7830: 7805: 7488: 7029: 6984: 6936: 6508: 6460: 6161: 6131: 6078: 6053: 5992: 5962: 5762: 5715: 4663:(2018). Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias (eds.). 4311:, "Southeastern Europe: The Aegean and the Southern Balkans". 3247: 3245: 2841: 2439: 2391: 1877: 1869: 1804: 1800: 1757: 1741: 1733: 1705: 1421: 1388: 1364: 1332: 1164: 1160: 1113: 971: 963: 862: 704: 652: 589: 553: 5137:

Hellanici Lesbii Fragmenta: Edition Altera Aucta et Emendata

4928:. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 4876:

French, E. B. (1989–1990). "Archaeology in Greece 1989-90".

2011:, or that it had areal influences from Anatolian languages. 1279:

describes the Greeks of the Trojan War as Pelasgians in his

12086: 12078: 11391: 11351: 11317: 11279: 9585: 9525: 8586: 8561: 8511: 7998: 7988: 5782: 5341:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. LC60-13910. 5122: 3395: 3383: 3044: 3019: 2395: 2217: 1803:

while governing the land named after him, "Pelasgia". When

1796: 1360: 1328: 1276: 1215: 1210:

presents Inachus, in a fragment of a missing play entitled

921: 688: 544: 5126:

Hecataei Milesii Fragmenta: Scylacis Caryandensis Periplus

4061: 3574: 3242: 1124:

in the north, the Thessalian Dodona and the slopes of the

9501: 5501: 4266: 4254: 4240: 2903: 2362:

Non-Greek inscriptions in the Mediterranean, such as the

2165:

Groups of apparently non-Indo-European loan words in the

998: 719:"flatland-inhabitants"; specifically "inhabitants of the 5123:

Hecataeus of Miletus; Klausen, Rudolph Heinrich (1831).

4859:

Early Greek Mythography: Volume 1: Text and Introduction

4818:

The Origin of the Albanians: Linguistically Investigated

2975: 2963: 4451: 3230: 3218: 3206: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2562:. A short account of their excavations appeared in the 5133: 4726:

A Literary and Archaeological Study of the Philistines

4351:, Volume 1. Graves also imaginatively reconstructs a " 4131: 1546:

In Book 7, Herodotus mentioned "the Pelasgian city of

5632:. London, United Kingdom: Gresham Publishing Company. 4997:(in Bulgarian). Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 4491:

Memory, History and Opposition: Under State Socialism

3488: 2853: 1194:, a relationship introduced and explored in depth in 5429:

Athens: City of the Gods from Prehistory to 338 B.C.

5352:. Rain, Tedd St (Foreword by). New York and London: 4206:, IV. Sind Die Albanesen Autochthonen?, pp. 211–279. 4155: 4143: 2987: 2948:. The Pelasgians are covered especially in Volume I. 1522:

Athenian Women Surprised by the Pelasgians of Lemnos

1392:, "pasture-land of horses", applied to Argos in the 663:

deals effectively with this etymology in his comedy

2891: 2123:

Dorian invasion § Kretschmer's external Greeks

848:, but in the original range of the Pelasgians. The 669:. One of the laws of "the storks" in the satirical 565:writers to refer either to the predecessors of the 5637:Munro, J. A. R. (1934). "Pelasgians and Ionians". 5479: 5426: 5296: 5181: 4982:(in French). Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 3759: 3597: 3556: 3527: 1880:and a few other settlements under a king, Maleos. 1386:concerns himself with one word in one line of the 1359:were called "Pelasgians" after Pelasgus, a son of 5470:Peuples Préhelléniques d'Origine Indo-Européennee 5206:The Athenian Agora: The Neolithic and Bronze Ages 2111: 2071:Origins of the Albanians § Obsolete theories 2045:and identifiable in Egyptian inscriptions as the 1864:as Pelasgians (based on the opinions of "many"). 12590: 5562: 5532:The American Forum for Global Education (2000). 5522: 4222:. Vol. XXI & XXII, no. 1 & 2. 3884: 3882: 3864: 3862: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3328: 2809: 4183:: Society of Biblical Literature. p. 202. 1981:derive from the adjectival suffix also seen in 12679:Legendary tribes in Greco-Roman historiography 5563:Thucydides; Jowett, Benjamin (trans.) (1881). 5424: 4517: 4215: 2462:, the Pelasgians may have been related to the 1021:ancestor of the Pelasgians) was the father of 735:argued that the ancient Greek word for "sea", 8738: 5829: 5731: 5582: 5573: 5508:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. 5281: 4794:The End of the Early Bronze Age in the Aegean 4708:(Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 36–55. 4606:Fifth Century B.C. Concepts of the Pelasgians 4304: 4272: 4260: 3879: 3859: 3833: 2098: 1927: 1799:, sheep-skin coats, and a diet consisting of 1662: 866:, there were Pelasgians on both sides of the 506: 5477: 5445: 5105:"Herodotus' Conception of Foreign Languages" 4912: 4574:The American Forum for Global Education 2000 4551:Palaeolexicon: The Linear B word ra-mi-ni-ja 4379:. University of Chicago Press. p. 317. 4300: 4043: 754: 5602: 5466: 5277:. Vol. I. London: Saunders and Oatley. 5188:. New York, NY: Random House Incorporated. 4949:Urgriechen und Urillyrier (Thrako-Illyrier) 4875: 4585: 2847: 1899:, the major question of concern is whether 10700:Greece and the International Monetary Fund 8745: 8731: 6715: 5836: 5822: 5738: 5724: 5446:Rhodios, Apollonios; Green, Peter (2007). 5395:Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch 5303:. New York City: Charles Scribner's Sons. 5241:. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company. 5027:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5012: 4964:(in German). Sofia: Universitätsdruckerei. 4952:(in German). Sofia: Imprimerie de la Cour. 4835: 4821:. Tirana: Academy of Sciences of Albania. 4785:Online version at Harvard University Press 4750:. Alberta, Canada: University of Alberta. 4729:. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. 4457: 4137: 2169:, borrowed in its prehistoric development. 1949:language. According to Thomas Harrison of 1214:, as the elder in the lands of Argos, the 1185: 1079:(the seat of Homer's Pelasgian Zeus), and 884:of Southeastern Europe (i.e., on the 513: 499: 12260:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 5625: 5425:Prokopiou, Angelos; Smith, Edwin (1964). 5317: 5255: 5202: 5182:Herodotus; Strassler, Robert B. (2009) . 5001: 4842:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4642:Pre-Greek: Phonology, Morphology, Lexicon 4533: 4372: 4173: 4067: 3251: 3236: 3224: 3098: 2981: 2969: 2957: 2945: 2921: 2091:, identified the Pelasgian language with 1583:wrote about the Pelasgians stating that: 1075:(the region of Homer's Pelasgian Argos), 767:Literary analysis has been ongoing since 5412: 5294: 5102: 4989: 4968: 4956: 4942: 4437:. Oxford University Press. p. 404. 4308: 4219:The Newsletter of the Society Farsharotu 4161: 4149: 4105: 3212: 3164:, Book 19 (T.E. Lawrence's translation). 2220:of Gargettus, etc.; or its equivalent "- 2192:), or its equivalent "-ns-" (e.g., 1704:From there, the Pelasgians dispersed to 1622:In connection with the campaign against 1516: 1374: 835: 787:The term "Pelasgians" in ancient sources 758: 5391: 5144: 5140:. Lipsiae: Sumtibus C. H. F. Hartmanni. 4921: 4811: 4790: 4697: 4561: 4117: 3580: 3568: 3539: 3494: 3396:Hecataeus of Miletus & Klausen 1831 3384:Hecataeus of Miletus & Klausen 1831 2909: 1424:, then took the inland city "Crotona" ( 1303: 962:, they appear among the inhabitants of 14: 12591: 7769: 5629:Myths of Crete and Pre-Hellenic Europe 5473:(in French). Athens: Ekdotike Athenon. 5345: 5331: 5270: 5045:. Vol. 1. London: Penguin Books. 5035: 4856: 4769:Roman Antiquities, Volume I: Books 1-2 4659: 4635: 4613: 4399: 4348: 4320: 4089: 4055: 4027: 3434:3.75b); cf. Hellanicus fr. 7, Sturtz, 2897: 2859: 12649:Hellenistic-era tribes in the Balkans 10829: 10602: 9981: 9293: 8783: 8726: 8626: 7768: 7197: 6701: 6048: 5868: 5817: 5719: 5673: 5636: 5505:Albanian Identities: Myth and History 5234: 5223: 5185:The Landmark Herodotus: The Histories 5070: 5059: 4481: 4469: 4430: 4332: 4291:.1 (January–March 1954), pp. 104–108. 4249:Albanian Identities: Myth and History 4241:Schwandner-Sievers & Fischer 2002 3069: 3048: 2998: 2933: 2053:, a cognate of a Hebrew exonym, פלשת 1255:, on coming to reside in the city of 1231:uses the term for the inhabitants of 779:. Typical of the era is the study by 8237:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus 5869: 5626:Mackenzie, Donald Alexander (1917). 5583:Van Windekens, Albert Joris (1960). 5574:Van Windekens, Albert Joris (1952). 5523:Sophocles; Dindorf, Wilhelm (1849). 5367: 5091: 5066:. Vol. II. London: John Murray. 5005:Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age 4743: 4722: 4609:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University. 4602: 4203: 3688: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2800: 2788: 2003:possibly related to the Luwian word 1819:at Therae, as well as expelling the 982:), Dorians, and "noble Pelasgians". 729:Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age 5676:"A History of the Pelasgian Theory" 4861:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4775:No. 319. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 4434:The Ancient Greeks: An Introduction 4243:; Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers and 2200:-", e.g., in the peninsula of 2057:(Pəlešeth) – that is, the Biblical 1807:became king, Pelasgia was renamed " 1503:) was initially called "Pelasgia". 1083:(the region ruled by autochthonous 608:was inhabited by those speakers of 27:Classical Greek term for pre-Greeks 24: 7198: 5843: 5595: 5527:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5321:Etymology and the European Lexicon 5284:Proceedings of the British Academy 5271:Lytton, Sir Edward Bulwer (1837). 5230:. Tokyo: Science Council of Japan. 4058:, "109. Pelasgian", pp. 1873–1874. 2740: 2730: 2711: 2614:who controlled the Skourta Plain. 2469: 2374:summarizes the theory as follows: 916:", which is most likely to be the 25: 12690: 8752: 5603:Sakellariou, Michael B. (1974) . 5203:Immerwahr, Sara Anderson (1971). 5074:Rethinking the Other in Antiquity 5002:Gladstone, William Ewart (1858). 4588:, "Skourta Plain project", p. 35. 4495:School of American Research Press 4373:Diakonoff, I. M. (28 June 2013). 3481:; cf. Hellanicus fr. 76, Sturtz, 2865: 2116: 1032: 928:. Additionally, according to the 876:, they are mentioned between the 12572: 12563: 12562: 8706: 8696: 8687: 8686: 5467:Sakellariou, Michael B. (1977). 5374:Albanian Etymological Dictionary 4962:Vorgriechische Sprachwissenshaft 4619:Etymological Dictionary of Greek 4579: 4567: 4555: 4544: 4527: 4511: 4475: 4424: 4393: 4366: 3824:History of the Peloponnesian War 3807:History of the Peloponnesian War 3790:History of the Peloponnesian War 2406:, the Teleboae, the Ephyri, the 1576:History of the Peloponnesian War 1396:. According to Hellanicus, from 1351:A fragment from the writings of 1174:According to Strabo, Aeschylus' 482: 67: 10780:Thessaloniki International Fair 8707: 5680:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 5639:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 5433:. New York, NY: Stein and Day. 5224:Kaigi, Nihon Gakujutsu (1969). 5147:American Journal of Archaeology 5092:Hahn, Johann Georg von (1854). 4342: 4314: 4294: 4278: 4234: 4209: 4167: 4111: 4099: 4083: 4073: 4005: 3988: 3971: 3954: 3933: 3916: 3899: 3816: 3799: 3782: 3765: 3748: 3731: 3714: 3698: 3682: 3669: 3652: 3636: 3620: 3603: 3586: 3545: 3516: 3500: 3449: 3420: 3401: 3360: 3347: 3334: 3309: 3296: 3283: 3270: 3257: 3184: 3167: 3154: 3137: 3120: 3104: 3091: 3075: 3054: 3029: 3004: 2939: 1903:was an Indo-European language. 763:Map of Pelasgians and Pelasgus. 699:summarized the derivation from 569:, or to all the inhabitants of 10567:Municipalities and communities 5745: 5346:Olcott, William Tyler (1914). 5299:The Neolithic of the Near East 5129:. Berlin: Impensis G. Reimeri. 5077:. Princeton University Press. 4771:. Translated by Earnest Cary. 4431:Budin, Stephanie Lynn (2009). 4355:", which involves a creatrix " 4118:Larcher, Pierre-Henri (1844). 3760:Herodotus & Strassler 2009 3598:Herodotus & Strassler 2009 3557:Herodotus & Strassler 2009 3528:Herodotus & Strassler 2009 3477:) = Hellanicus fr. 4, Fowler, 3173:Hesiod, fr. 319 M–W = Strabo. 2814: 2586:, "Lemnian woman", written in 2501: 2112:Pelasgian as pre-Indo-European 1767: 1732:, which had been colonized by 1339:founded a dynasty of kings of 870:. In the section known as the 13: 1: 10582:Decentralized administrations 9294: 9106:History of Greece (1923–1940) 6308: 6295: 6276: 6259: 5264:Jacksonville State University 4836:Finkelberg, Margalit (2006). 4791:Cadogan, Gerald, ed. (1986). 4781:Online version by Bill Thayer 4723:Brug, John Frederick (1985). 4667:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 4603:Abel, V. Lynn Snyder (1966). 4489:. In Watson, Rubie S. (ed.). 3064:2.806–12, 17.320–57 (transl. 2770: 2519:Italian Archaeological School 1568: 1529: 1370: 1298: 924:", living in and ruling over 815:Jacksonville State University 148: 132: 116: 12674:Indigenous peoples of Europe 10155:Parliamentary constituencies 9982: 8934:Foundation of Constantinople 8771:Alphabetical index of topics 7436:Funeral and burial practices 6621:Military of Mycenaean Greece 5478:Schachermeyr, Fritz (1976). 5377:. Leiden and Boston: Brill. 5098:(in German). Jena: F. Mauko. 3905:Dionysius of Halicarnassus. 3888:Dionysius of Halicarnassus. 3868:Dionysius of Halicarnassus. 3848:Dionysius of Halicarnassus. 3329:Sophocles & Dindorf 1849 2775: 1968: 1906: 1772: 1728:and the islands, especially 1615:, they changed residence to 1439: 1428:), and from there colonized 1420:, near the Etruscan city of 1346: 1063: 1013:Zeus. He mentions also that 944:, with curved bows, and the 689: 632:) is of extremely uncertain 623: 573:before the emergence of the 545: 7: 12629:Ancient tribes in Macedonia 12619:Ancient peoples of Anatolia 10830: 10813:Water supply and sanitation 10603: 10370:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 10003:Constitutional amendments ( 9273:Population exchange of 1923 9210:Greek countries and regions 8909:Wars of Alexander the Great 8784: 5013:Gordeziani, Rismag (1985). 4400:Millar, R. (21 July 2010). 3426:Hellanicus fr. 36, Fowler, 2617: 2482:peoples of the prehistoric 2064: 2014: 1883: 1838:dedicates a section of his 1748:. Still others crossed the 993:, in a fragment known from 908:also refers to the camp at 844:, to the west of classical 791:The definition of the term 592:, and other regions of the 10: 12695: 12634:Ancient tribes in Thessaly 9234:Inventions and discoveries 9061:Modern Greek Enlightenment 7360:Greek Revival architecture 6702: 5569:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 5338:The Rise of the Greek Epic 5256:Lambright, Tristn (2022). 4922:Georges, Pericles (1994). 4765:Dionysius of Halicarnassus 4595: 4518:Prokopiou & Smith 1964 4174:Killebrew, Ann E. (2005). 3456:Dionysius of Halicarnassus 2936:, "Pelasgian and Pelagic". 2593: 2529:and on other sites within 2510: 2120: 2108:was skeptically received. 2099:Undiscovered Indo-European 2068: 1973:In western Anatolia, many 1928:Pelasgian as Indo-European 1887: 1673:Dionysius of Halicarnassus 1663:Dionysius of Halicarnassus 1646: 1247:. In a lost play entitled 1056:. In a fragment quoted by 1045: 705: 678: 554: 534: 29: 12558: 12500: 12429: 12163: 11803: 11760: 11550: 11194: 11137: 11016:Greek East and Latin West 10925: 10840: 10836: 10825: 10611: 10598: 10557: 10457: 10378: 10315: 10252: 10201: 10173: 10135: 10099: 10053: 9994: 9990: 9977: 9907: 9842: 9765: 9346: 9306: 9302: 9289: 9205:Geographical name changes 9149: 9026: 8942: 8852: 8796: 8792: 8779: 8761: 8682: 8633: 8627: 8622: 8467: 8344: 8333: 8260: 8182: 8139: 8086: 7944: 7796: 7787: 7783: 7764: 7713: 7628: 7566: 7528: 7521: 7471: 7431: 7422: 7344: 7221: 7217: 7193: 7159: 7128: 6970: 6857: 6801: 6768:Attalid kings of Pergamon 6723: 6714: 6710: 6697: 6576:Antigonid Macedonian army 6549: 6522: 6494: 6451: 6408: 6399: 6241: 6180: 6077: 6073: 6044: 5943: 5892: 5888: 5864: 5851: 5753: 5554:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5274:Athens: Its Rise and Fall 5103:Harrison, Thomas (1998). 4991:Georgiev, Vladimir Ivanov 4970:Georgiev, Vladimir Ivanov 4958:Georgiev, Vladimir Ivanov 4944:Georgiev, Vladimir Ivanov 4915:Brill's New Pauly, Vol. 5 4536:, p. 19: "It is the 4124:. Whittaker. p. 54. 2960:, p. 2, 31, 106-110. 2553: 2523:American Classical School 2506: 2486:, known to the Greeks as 2453: 2419:The poet and mythologist 1992:; the classic example is 1830: 1611:; but at some time after 1319:("clan") descending from 985: 952:, and the goodly Pelasgi. 900:, sons of Lethus, son of 755:Ancient literary evidence 239:Frankish and Latin states 32:Chalcedonian Christianity 12644:Ancient tribes in Attica 12624:Ancient tribes in Epirus 10559:Administrative divisions 10282:Macedonia naming dispute 10122:Parliamentary Committees 10107:Conference of Presidents 5392:Pokorny, Julius (1969). 5295:Mellaart, James (1975). 5071:Gruen, Erich S. (2011). 5015:Pre-Grecian and Georgian 4777:Harvard University Press 4744:Buck, Robert J. (1979). 4406:. Springer. p. 39. 3398:, Fragment 375 (p. 157). 3386:, Fragment 224 (p. 140). 3331:, Fragment 256 (p. 352). 2704: 2304:, etc. (note the common 1951:Saint Andrews University 1938:Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton 1932: 1157:melanthes ... genos 936:Towards the sea lie the 831: 826: 350:Second Hellenic Republic 12639:Ancient tribes in Crete 12208:Eastern Orthodox Church 10286:Language naming dispute 9046:Venetian Ionian islands 8960:Persecution of paganism 4995:Trakite i tehnijat ezik 4797:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. 4353:Pelasgian creation myth 2827:Encyclopædia Britannica 2674:Pelasgian creation myth 2240:, the Cretan cities of 2147:Wilamowitz-Moellendorff 2034:root and Greek Πέλαγος 1916:spoken in the southern 1266: 1186:Sophocles and Euripides 781:William Ewart Gladstone 725:William Ewart Gladstone 612:who were identified as 404:Third Hellenic Republic 372:Collaborationist regime 323:First Hellenic Republic 272:Venetian Ionian Islands 12537:Orders and decorations 12274:Greek Old Calendarists 10745:Science and technology 10705:Greek economic miracle 10572:Administrative regions 9018:Fall of Constantinople 9013:Despotate of the Morea 8985:Macedonian Renaissance 6802:Artists & scholars 6717:List of ancient Greeks 6354:Second Athenian League 6203:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 6028:Ancient Greek colonies 5414:Prichard, James Cowles 5235:Klein, Ernest (1966). 5060:Grote, George (1862). 4878:Archaeological Reports 4857:Fowler, R. L. (2000). 4773:Loeb Classical Library 2811:(Commentary on I.987). 2669:Paleo-Balkan languages 2417: 2131:before the arrival of 1897:Indo-European language 1850: 1724:, the coast along the 1682: 1644: 1605: 1579:, the Greek historian 1535: 1481: 1471: 1448:, the Greek historian 1404:came a line of kings: 1380: 1296: 1017:(Greek: Πελασγός, the 954: 857: 824: 764: 715:derived Pelasgoi from 579:indigenous inhabitants 335:(1832-1924, 1935-1973) 12659:Helladic civilization 12654:Cycladic civilization 12256:Greek Orthodox Church 10626:Athens Stock Exchange 10045:Supreme Special Court 8824:Cycladic civilization 7921:Sybaris on the Traeis 6646:Sacred Band of Thebes 6386:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD) 5900:Cycladic civilization 5674:Myres, J. L. (1907). 4673:10.1515/9783110542431 3996:Description of Greece 3979:Description of Greece 3962:Description of Greece 3941:Description of Greece 3924:Description of Greece 2634:Etruscan civilization 2376: 2351:, whose origins seem 2089:Johann Georg von Hahn 1846: 1780:Description of Greece 1693:, who are now called 1677: 1632: 1585: 1520: 1476: 1466: 1378: 1287: 1102:In Aeschylus's play, 934: 839: 819: 762: 751:in Egyptian records. 12542:World Heritage Sites 11124:Units of measurement 10517:New Social Movements 10080:Presidential Mansion 9937:Environmental issues 9658:North Aegean islands 9220:Renaissance scholars 9116:4th of August Regime 9066:Septinsular Republic 8919:Wars of the Diadochi 8894:Peloponnesian League 7446:mythological figures 7167:Ancient Greek tribes 6292:Peloponnesian League 5349:Sun Lore of All Ages 5095:Albanesische Studien 4747:A History of Boeotia 4661:Beekes, Robert S. P. 4637:Beekes, Robert S. P. 4615:Beekes, Robert S. P. 4245:Bernd Jürgen Fischer 4046:, pp. 999–1000. 3407:Mentioned in Pseudo- 3355:The Phoenician Women 3344:, Lines 857 and 933. 3196:, fr. 161 = Strabo. 3101:, pp. 100–105.) 3035:Not the same as the 2664:Old European culture 2394:, the Temmikes, the 2075:Albanian nationalism 2020:Vladimir I. Georgiev 1963:Pierre Henri Larcher 1868:is named Pelasgian. 1744:at the mouth of the 1384:Hellanicus of Lesbos 1309:Hecataeus of Miletus 1304:Hecataeus of Miletus 1244:The Phoenician Women 873:Catalogue of Trojans 359:4th of August Regime 305:Septinsular Republic 12664:Minoan civilization 12031:Musical instruments 11647:Greek Sign Language 10950:Concept of kingship 10799:Rio–Antirrio bridge 10765:Subdivisions by GDP 10429:Human rights abuses 10112:Hellenic Parliament 9071:War of Independence 9009:Despotate of Epirus 8975:Arab–Byzantine wars 8970:Plague of Justinian 8870:Iron Age migrations 8844:Bronze Age collapse 8829:Minoan civilization 7558:Tunnel of Eupalinos 7553:Theatre of Dionysus 7177:Ancient Macedonians 6793:Tyrants of Syracuse 6305:Amphictyonic League 5905:Minoan civilization 5354:G. P. Putnam's Sons 4564:, pp. 123–124. 3583:, pp. 129–130. 3430:(apud Scholia (T+) 2912:, pp. 831–832. 2850:, pp. 101–104. 2679:Pre-Greek substrate 2659:Names of the Greeks 2210:Brilettus/Brilessus 2032:Proto-Indo-European 2030:was a cognate of a 1890:Pre-Greek substrate 1587:Before the time of 1311:in a fragment from 920:, and to "Pelasgic 912:, specifically at " 739:and the Doric word 659:, where they nest. 314:War of Independence 256:Early modern Greece 106:Helladic chronology 12614:Pre-Indo-Europeans 12328:Primordial deities 12232:Early 20th century 11696:Minority languages 10894:Aromanian question 10807:Thessaloniki Metro 10775:Telecommunications 10444:Political scandals 10359:Presidential Guard 10214:Capital punishment 10070:Government Gazette 9773:Canyons and gorges 9225:Hellenic languages 8914:Hellenistic period 8880:Greco-Persian Wars 8232:Menestheus's Limin 7886:Pandosia (Lucania) 7774:Greek colonisation 7136:Athenian statesmen 6897:Diogenes of Sinope 6758:Kings of Macedonia 6748:Kings of Commagene 6616:Macedonian phalanx 6596:Hellenistic armies 6344:(c. 424–c. 395 BC) 6208:Indo-Greek Kingdom 5930:Hellenistic Greece 5586:Études Pélasgiques 4701:The Etruscan World 4305:Mellaart 1965–1966 4273:Van Windekens 1960 4261:Van Windekens 1952 4226:. pp. 16–17. 4224:Society Farsharotu 3559:, pp. 32–33.) 3193:Catalogue of Women 2564:Messager d'Athènes 2527:Athenian Acropolis 2232:, the river names 2009:Anatolian language 1914:substrate language 1815:in a sanctuary of 1750:Apennine Mountains 1536: 1381: 858: 765: 201:Hellenistic Greece 12586: 12585: 12554: 12553: 12550: 12549: 12236:Late 20th century 12216:Early Middle Ages 11700:Albanian language 10898:Megleno-Romanians 10821: 10820: 10594: 10593: 10590: 10589: 10272:Council of Europe 10254:Foreign relations 10234:Life imprisonment 10165:Political parties 9973: 9972: 9969: 9968: 9922:Natural disasters 9867:Mediterranean Sea 9360:Aetolia-Acarnania 9285: 9284: 9281: 9280: 9239:Language question 9101:Greco-Turkish War 9050:Kingdom of Candia 8904:League of Corinth 8899:Peloponnesian War 8720: 8719: 8678: 8677: 8618: 8617: 8614: 8613: 8610: 8609: 8184:Iberian Peninsula 8116:Lipara/Meligounis 8082: 8081: 7760: 7759: 7756: 7755: 7733:Cypriot syllabary 7624: 7623: 7533:Athenian Treasury 7517: 7516: 7189: 7188: 7185: 7184: 6778:Ptolemaic dynasty 6738:Archons of Athens 6693: 6692: 6689: 6688: 6564:Athenian military 6545: 6544: 6378:League of Corinth 6360:Thessalian League 6336:Chalcidian League 6318:Acarnanian League 6228:Ptolemaic Kingdom 6040: 6039: 6036: 6035: 5811: 5810: 5459:978-0-520-25393-3 5384:978-90-04-11024-3 5369:Orel, Vladimir E. 5195:978-1-4000-3114-6 5084:978-0-691-14852-6 5052:978-0-14-001026-8 4849:978-0-521-85216-6 4828:978-99943-817-1-5 4715:978-0-415-67308-2 4652:978-90-04-27944-5 4628:978-90-04-17418-4 4621:. Leiden: Brill. 4504:978-0-85255-902-4 4483:Jones, Stephen F. 4444:978-0-19-537984-6 4413:978-0-230-28203-2 4386:978-0-226-14467-2 4359:" and a serpent " 4301:Schachermeyr 1976 4070:, pp. 80–81. 4044:García-Ramón 2004 3907:Roman Antiquities 3890:Roman Antiquities 3870:Roman Antiquities 3850:Roman Antiquities 3461:Roman Antiquities 3254:, pp. 80–81. 3147:, 19.175–19.177 ( 3066:Robert Fitzgerald 2590:syllabic script. 2460:Igor M. Diakonoff 2159:4th millennium BC 2085:Albanian language 1922:non-Indo-European 1669:Roman Antiquities 1657:stratiōtikon bion 1355:asserts that the 1335:and that his son 918:plain of Thessaly 687: 671:Cloud Cuckoo Land 552: 543: 523: 522: 489:Greece portal 408: 399: 390: 381: 363: 354: 345: 336: 332:Kingdom of Greece 327: 318: 309: 285: 276: 267: 243: 214: 205: 196: 187: 178: 155: 139: 123: 16:(Redirected from 12686: 12609:Neolithic Greece 12576: 12566: 12565: 12522:national colours 12439:Ancient Olympics 12336:Twelve Olympians 12264:Church of Greece 12224:Early Modern Era 12220:Late Middle Ages 12174:Ancient religion 11728:Megleno-Romanian 11625:Greco-Australian 11161:Heptanese school 11094:Independence Day 10838: 10837: 10827: 10826: 10600: 10599: 10521:Environmentalism 10183:Council of State 9992: 9991: 9979: 9978: 9304: 9303: 9291: 9290: 9175:Christianization 9035: 9005:Empire of Nicaea 8990:East–West Schism 8965:Migration period 8955:Byzantine period 8948: 8924:Roman–Greek wars 8885:Classical period 8858: 8857:(1100 BC-330 AD) 8839:Mycenaean period 8802: 8794: 8793: 8781: 8780: 8747: 8740: 8733: 8724: 8723: 8710: 8709: 8700: 8690: 8689: 8624: 8623: 8342: 8341: 7841:Heraclea Lucania 7794: 7793: 7785: 7784: 7766: 7765: 7526: 7525: 7458:Twelve Olympians 7429: 7428: 7219: 7218: 7195: 7194: 6783:Seleucid dynasty 6763:Kings of Paionia 6712: 6711: 6699: 6698: 6569:Scythian archers 6476:Graphe paranomon 6406: 6405: 6313: 6310: 6300: 6297: 6281: 6278: 6268: 6264: 6261: 6075: 6074: 6046: 6045: 5925:Classical Greece 5910:Mycenaean Greece 5890: 5889: 5866: 5865: 5838: 5831: 5824: 5815: 5814: 5740: 5733: 5726: 5717: 5716: 5711: 5670: 5633: 5622: 5590: 5579: 5570: 5559: 5553: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5528: 5519: 5498: 5486: 5474: 5463: 5442: 5432: 5421: 5409: 5388: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5342: 5328: 5326: 5314: 5302: 5291: 5278: 5267: 5252: 5231: 5220: 5199: 5178: 5141: 5130: 5119: 5109: 5099: 5088: 5067: 5056: 5032: 5026: 5018: 5009: 4998: 4984: 4965: 4953: 4939: 4918: 4917:. Leiden: Brill. 4909: 4872: 4853: 4832: 4808: 4761: 4740: 4719: 4704:. New York, NY: 4694: 4656: 4632: 4610: 4589: 4586:French 1989–1990 4583: 4577: 4571: 4565: 4559: 4553: 4548: 4542: 4531: 4525: 4515: 4509: 4508: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4370: 4364: 4346: 4340: 4330: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4298: 4292: 4282: 4276: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4171: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4087: 4081: 4077: 4071: 4065: 4059: 4053: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4025: 4019: 4009: 4003: 3992: 3986: 3975: 3969: 3958: 3952: 3937: 3931: 3920: 3914: 3903: 3897: 3886: 3877: 3866: 3857: 3846: 3831: 3820: 3814: 3803: 3797: 3786: 3780: 3769: 3763: 3752: 3746: 3735: 3729: 3718: 3712: 3702: 3696: 3686: 3680: 3673: 3667: 3656: 3650: 3640: 3634: 3624: 3618: 3607: 3601: 3590: 3584: 3578: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3520: 3514: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3453: 3447: 3424: 3418: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3364: 3358: 3351: 3345: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3319:, Lines 279–281. 3313: 3307: 3306:, Lines 154–155. 3300: 3294: 3293:, Lines 128–129. 3287: 3281: 3280:, Lines 262–263. 3274: 3268: 3267:, Lines 249–259. 3261: 3255: 3249: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3188: 3182: 3171: 3165: 3158: 3152: 3151:'s translation). 3141: 3135: 3124: 3118: 3108: 3102: 3095: 3089: 3079: 3073: 3058: 3052: 3033: 3027: 3026:, 10.428–10.429. 3022:is mentioned in 3008: 3002: 2996: 2985: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2961: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2878: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2848:Sakellariou 1977 2845: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2818: 2812: 2804: 2798: 2792: 2786: 2764: 2744: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2715: 2612:Mycenaean Greeks 2496:Stephen F. Jones 1534: 1531: 1379:Larisa of Argos. 1315:states that the 1054:Classical period 1047: 914:Argos Pelasgikon 850:Pindus Mountains 769:classical Greece 721:Thessalian plain 708: 707: 692: 682: 680: 557: 556: 550: 548: 538: 536: 515: 508: 501: 487: 486: 485: 420:History by topic 406: 397: 388: 379: 361: 352: 343: 334: 325: 316: 307: 283: 274: 265: 241: 233:Byzantine Greece 212: 203: 194: 192:Classical Greece 185: 177:(1100 BC–750 BC) 176: 153: 152: 1750–1050 150: 146: 137: 136: 3100–1100 134: 130: 121: 120: 3100–1000 118: 114: 99:Greek Bronze Age 79:Neolithic Greece 71: 61: 43: 42: 21: 12694: 12693: 12689: 12688: 12687: 12685: 12684: 12683: 12604:Greek mythology 12589: 12588: 12587: 12582: 12546: 12496: 12474:Modern Olympics 12425: 12159: 11799: 11756: 11656:Mycenaean Greek 11546: 11190: 11133: 11109:Souliotic songs 11090:Public holidays 10921: 10917:Life expectancy 10878:Muslim minority 10859:names of Greece 10832: 10817: 10754:Merchant Marine 10725:Public pensions 10607: 10586: 10553: 10503:Hellenocentrism 10453: 10374: 10311: 10248: 10197: 10175:Judicial system 10169: 10145:Nationality law 10131: 10095: 10090:Maximos Mansion 10049: 9986: 9965: 9961:Protected areas 9903: 9838: 9761: 9396:Saronic Islands 9342: 9298: 9277: 9157:Ancient regions 9145: 9136:Democratization 9111:Second Republic 9096:National Schism 9033: 9028: 9022: 8946: 8938: 8865:Greek Dark Ages 8856: 8848: 8834:Helladic period 8800: 8788: 8775: 8757: 8751: 8721: 8716: 8674: 8629: 8606: 8469: 8463: 8346: 8337: 8329: 8300:Melaina Korkyra 8256: 8178: 8135: 8088:Aeolian Islands 8078: 7940: 7798: 7779: 7778: 7752: 7709: 7620: 7562: 7513: 7467: 7418: 7340: 7331:Wedding customs 7213: 7212: 7181: 7172:Thracian Greeks 7155: 7146:Olympic victors 7124: 6966: 6853: 6797: 6788:Kings of Sparta 6773:Kings of Pontus 6743:Kings of Athens 6719: 6706: 6685: 6581:Army of Macedon 6541: 6518: 6490: 6447: 6395: 6368:(370–c. 230 BC) 6366:Arcadian League 6350:(c. 400–188 BC) 6348:Aetolian League 6342:Boeotian League 6324:Hellenic League 6311: 6298: 6288:(c. 650–404 BC) 6279: 6273:Italiote League 6266: 6262: 6256:Doric Hexapolis 6246: 6237: 6233:Seleucid Empire 6176: 6069: 6068: 6032: 5939: 5915:Greek Dark Ages 5884: 5883: 5860: 5847: 5842: 5812: 5807: 5749: 5744: 5714: 5619: 5598: 5596:Further reading 5593: 5547: 5546: 5539: 5537: 5516: 5495: 5460: 5449:The Argonautika 5406: 5385: 5358: 5356: 5333:Murray, Gilbert 5324: 5311: 5249: 5217: 5196: 5107: 5085: 5053: 5042:The Greek Myths 5020: 5019: 4936: 4869: 4850: 4829: 4813:Demiraj, Shaban 4805: 4758: 4737: 4716: 4683: 4653: 4629: 4598: 4593: 4592: 4584: 4580: 4572: 4568: 4560: 4556: 4549: 4545: 4532: 4528: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4497:. p. 163. 4480: 4476: 4468: 4464: 4458:Gordeziani 1985 4456: 4452: 4445: 4429: 4425: 4414: 4398: 4394: 4387: 4376:Early Antiquity 4371: 4367: 4347: 4343: 4331: 4327: 4319: 4315: 4299: 4295: 4283: 4279: 4271: 4267: 4259: 4255: 4239: 4235: 4214: 4210: 4202: 4198: 4191: 4172: 4168: 4160: 4156: 4148: 4144: 4138:Finkelberg 2006 4136: 4132: 4116: 4112: 4104: 4100: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4074: 4066: 4062: 4054: 4050: 4042: 4038: 4026: 4022: 4010: 4006: 3993: 3989: 3976: 3972: 3959: 3955: 3938: 3934: 3921: 3917: 3904: 3900: 3887: 3880: 3867: 3860: 3847: 3834: 3821: 3817: 3804: 3800: 3787: 3783: 3770: 3766: 3762:, p. 533.) 3753: 3749: 3736: 3732: 3719: 3715: 3703: 3699: 3687: 3683: 3674: 3670: 3657: 3653: 3641: 3637: 3625: 3621: 3608: 3604: 3591: 3587: 3579: 3575: 3567: 3563: 3550: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3521: 3517: 3505: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3454: 3450: 3425: 3421: 3406: 3402: 3394: 3390: 3382: 3378: 3365: 3361: 3352: 3348: 3339: 3335: 3327: 3323: 3314: 3310: 3301: 3297: 3288: 3284: 3275: 3271: 3262: 3258: 3250: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3223: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3189: 3185: 3172: 3168: 3159: 3155: 3142: 3138: 3125: 3121: 3109: 3105: 3096: 3092: 3080: 3076: 3059: 3055: 3034: 3030: 3009: 3005: 2997: 2988: 2980: 2976: 2968: 2964: 2956: 2952: 2944: 2940: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2908: 2904: 2896: 2892: 2879: 2866: 2862:, p. 1165. 2858: 2854: 2846: 2842: 2832: 2830: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2807: 2799: 2795: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2767: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2731: 2716: 2712: 2707: 2620: 2596: 2581:Mycenaean Greek 2556: 2515: 2509: 2504: 2494:. According to 2480:Ibero-Caucasian 2472: 2470:Ibero-Caucasian 2456: 2402:, the Boeotian 2176:-" (e.g., 2140:Paul Kretschmer 2125: 2119: 2114: 2101: 2077: 2067: 2017: 1971: 1935: 1930: 1909: 1892: 1886: 1833: 1791:who state that 1775: 1770: 1665: 1649: 1571: 1532: 1442: 1373: 1349: 1306: 1301: 1269: 1251:, he says that 1188: 1149:accusative case 1066: 1035: 988: 880:cities and the 834: 829: 807:. There are no 789: 757: 690:Nephelokokkugía 626: 563:Classical Greek 519: 483: 481: 476: 475: 421: 413: 412: 409: 400: 391: 382: 368:Axis occupation 364: 355: 346: 341:National Schism 337: 328: 319: 310: 300: 290: 289: 286: 277: 268: 258: 248: 247: 244: 235: 228: 226:Medieval Greece 218: 217: 213:(146 BC–330 AD) 206: 197: 195:(500 BC–323 BC) 188: 186:(800 BC–480 BC) 179: 174:Greek Dark Ages 169: 159: 158: 151: 140: 135: 124: 119: 108: 101: 91: 90: 81: 59: 52: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12692: 12682: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12584: 12583: 12581: 12580: 12570: 12559: 12556: 12555: 12552: 12551: 12548: 12547: 12545: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12515: 12510: 12504: 12502: 12498: 12497: 12495: 12494: 12489: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12435: 12433: 12427: 12426: 12424: 12423: 12421:Wayside shrine 12418: 12413: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12321: 12316: 12311: 12306: 12304:Kallikantzaros 12301: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12253: 12248: 12243: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12182:Modern Revival 12170: 12168: 12161: 12160: 12158: 12157: 12147: 12142: 12047:Byzantine lyra 12028: 12018: 12013: 12008: 11966: 11961: 11926:Rougatsiarikos 11815: 11809: 11807: 11801: 11800: 11798: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11766: 11764: 11758: 11757: 11755: 11754: 11752:Words for love 11749: 11744: 11735: 11693: 11675: 11668:Medieval Greek 11649: 11644: 11597:Greek language 11594: 11560:Greek alphabet 11556: 11554: 11548: 11547: 11545: 11544: 11470: 11451: 11446: 11427: 11409: 11394: 11389: 11379: 11364:Galaktoboureko 11349: 11307: 11268: 11266:List of dishes 11263: 11224: 11200: 11198: 11192: 11191: 11189: 11188: 11183: 11173: 11163: 11154: 11143: 11141: 11135: 11134: 11132: 11131: 11126: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11104:Rouketopolemos 11101: 11087: 11082: 11080:Plate smashing 11077: 11068: 11063: 11061:Naming customs 11058: 11053: 11048: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10931: 10929: 10923: 10922: 10920: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10871: 10866: 10852: 10846: 10844: 10834: 10833: 10823: 10822: 10819: 10818: 10816: 10815: 10810: 10795:Transportation 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10692: 10678: 10673: 10663: 10660:electric power 10653: 10648: 10643: 10633: 10623: 10618: 10612: 10609: 10608: 10596: 10595: 10592: 10591: 10588: 10587: 10585: 10584: 10579: 10577:Regional units 10574: 10569: 10563: 10561: 10555: 10554: 10552: 10551: 10546: 10532: 10514: 10496: 10482: 10472: 10461: 10459: 10455: 10454: 10452: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10403: 10393: 10388: 10382: 10380: 10376: 10375: 10373: 10372: 10367: 10365:National Guard 10362: 10352: 10347: 10345:Military ranks 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10321: 10319: 10313: 10312: 10310: 10309: 10307:United Nations 10304: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10279: 10277:European Union 10274: 10269: 10267:Cyprus dispute 10264: 10262:Aegean dispute 10258: 10256: 10250: 10249: 10247: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10205: 10203: 10199: 10198: 10196: 10195: 10190: 10188:Court of Audit 10185: 10179: 10177: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10167: 10162: 10160:Pasokification 10157: 10152: 10147: 10141: 10139: 10133: 10132: 10130: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10109: 10103: 10101: 10097: 10096: 10094: 10093: 10086:Prime Minister 10083: 10073: 10063: 10057: 10055: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10047: 10042: 10016: 10000: 9998: 9988: 9987: 9975: 9974: 9971: 9970: 9967: 9966: 9964: 9963: 9958: 9956:National Parks 9953: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9919: 9913: 9911: 9905: 9904: 9902: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9848: 9846: 9840: 9839: 9837: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9803: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9769: 9767: 9763: 9762: 9760: 9759: 9741: 9715: 9681: 9655: 9593: 9562:Ionian Islands 9559: 9537: 9471: 9421: 9399: 9356:Central Greece 9352: 9350: 9344: 9343: 9341: 9340: 9335: 9333:Extreme points 9330: 9316: 9310: 9308: 9300: 9299: 9287: 9286: 9283: 9282: 9279: 9278: 9276: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9170:Ottoman Greeks 9163: 9153: 9151: 9147: 9146: 9144: 9143: 9141:Third Republic 9138: 9133: 9131:Military junta 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9076:First Republic 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9056:Ottoman Greece 9053: 9038: 9036: 9024: 9023: 9021: 9020: 9015: 9002: 8997: 8995:Fourth Crusade 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8951: 8949: 8940: 8939: 8937: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8875:Archaic period 8872: 8867: 8861: 8859: 8850: 8849: 8847: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8805: 8803: 8790: 8789: 8777: 8776: 8774: 8773: 8768: 8762: 8759: 8758: 8750: 8749: 8742: 8735: 8727: 8718: 8717: 8715: 8714: 8704: 8694: 8683: 8680: 8679: 8676: 8675: 8673: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8646: 8645: 8634: 8631: 8630: 8620: 8619: 8616: 8615: 8612: 8611: 8608: 8607: 8605: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8473: 8471: 8465: 8464: 8462: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8350: 8348: 8339: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8266: 8264: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8188: 8186: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8176: 8171: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8145: 8143: 8137: 8136: 8134: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8092: 8090: 8084: 8083: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8034:Megara Hyblaea 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8014:Hybla Gereatis 8011: 8006: 8004:Heraclea Minoa 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7950: 7948: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7802: 7800: 7791: 7781: 7780: 7777: 7776: 7770: 7762: 7761: 7758: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7750: 7748:Attic numerals 7745: 7743:Greek numerals 7740: 7738:Greek alphabet 7735: 7730: 7725: 7719: 7717: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7707: 7702: 7701: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7634: 7632: 7626: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7572: 7570: 7564: 7563: 7561: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7529: 7523: 7519: 7518: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7475: 7473: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7449: 7448: 7438: 7432: 7426: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7395: 7394: 7392:Musical system 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7363: 7362: 7351: 7349: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7227: 7225: 7215: 7214: 7211: 7210: 7205: 7199: 7191: 7190: 7187: 7186: 7183: 7182: 7180: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7163: 7161: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7132: 7130: 7126: 7125: 7123: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6976: 6974: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6863: 6861: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6824:Mathematicians 6821: 6816: 6811: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6733:Kings of Argos 6729: 6727: 6721: 6720: 6708: 6707: 6695: 6694: 6691: 6690: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6591:Cretan archers 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6572: 6571: 6561: 6555: 6553: 6547: 6546: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6539: 6534: 6528: 6526: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6500: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6457: 6455: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6409: 6403: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6393: 6390:Achaean League 6387: 6384:Euboean League 6381: 6375: 6372:Epirote League 6369: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6321: 6320:(c. 500–31 BC) 6315: 6302: 6289: 6283: 6270: 6252: 6250: 6248:Confederations 6239: 6238: 6236: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6184: 6182: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6174: 6172:Lissus (Crete) 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6083: 6081: 6071: 6070: 6067: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6050: 6042: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5949: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5920:Archaic Greece 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5896: 5894: 5886: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5876: 5870: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5852: 5849: 5848: 5845:Ancient Greece 5841: 5840: 5833: 5826: 5818: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5743: 5742: 5735: 5728: 5720: 5713: 5712: 5692:10.2307/624440 5671: 5651:10.2307/626855 5645:(2): 109–128. 5634: 5623: 5617: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5591: 5580: 5571: 5560: 5529: 5520: 5514: 5499: 5493: 5475: 5464: 5458: 5443: 5422: 5410: 5404: 5389: 5383: 5365: 5343: 5329: 5315: 5309: 5292: 5279: 5268: 5253: 5251:. LC 65-13229. 5247: 5232: 5221: 5215: 5200: 5194: 5179: 5159:10.2307/497618 5142: 5131: 5120: 5100: 5089: 5083: 5068: 5057: 5051: 5037:Graves, Robert 5033: 5010: 4999: 4987: 4966: 4954: 4940: 4934: 4919: 4910: 4890:10.2307/581027 4873: 4868:978-0198147404 4867: 4854: 4848: 4833: 4827: 4809: 4803: 4788: 4762: 4756: 4741: 4735: 4720: 4714: 4695: 4682:978-3110542431 4681: 4657: 4651: 4633: 4627: 4611: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4578: 4566: 4554: 4543: 4538:Late Neolithic 4534:Immerwahr 1971 4526: 4510: 4503: 4474: 4462: 4450: 4443: 4423: 4412: 4392: 4385: 4365: 4341: 4325: 4313: 4293: 4277: 4265: 4253: 4233: 4208: 4196: 4189: 4166: 4154: 4142: 4130: 4110: 4098: 4082: 4072: 4068:Mihaylova 2012 4060: 4048: 4036: 4020: 4004: 3987: 3970: 3953: 3932: 3915: 3898: 3878: 3858: 3832: 3815: 3798: 3781: 3764: 3747: 3730: 3713: 3697: 3681: 3679:, 6.137–6.140. 3668: 3651: 3635: 3619: 3602: 3600:, p. 33.) 3585: 3573: 3561: 3555:, 1.56–1.58. ( 3544: 3532: 3530:, p. 32.) 3515: 3499: 3487: 3448: 3419: 3400: 3388: 3376: 3359: 3346: 3333: 3321: 3317:The Suppliants 3308: 3304:The Suppliants 3295: 3291:The Suppliants 3282: 3278:The Suppliants 3269: 3265:The Suppliants 3256: 3252:Lambright 2022 3241: 3237:Lambright 2022 3229: 3225:Lambright 2022 3217: 3215:, p. 489. 3205: 3183: 3166: 3153: 3136: 3119: 3116:16.233–16.235. 3103: 3099:Gladstone 1858 3090: 3074: 3053: 3028: 3018:. The camp at 3003: 3001:, p. 241. 2986: 2984:, p. 109. 2982:Lambright 2022 2974: 2972:, p. 106. 2970:Lambright 2022 2962: 2958:Lambright 2022 2950: 2946:Gladstone 1858 2938: 2926: 2922:Gladstone 1858 2914: 2902: 2890: 2864: 2852: 2840: 2813: 2805: 2793: 2780: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2765: 2739: 2729: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2619: 2616: 2595: 2592: 2555: 2552: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2471: 2468: 2455: 2452: 2370:The historian 2368: 2367: 2360: 2325: 2308:ending); also 2170: 2167:Greek language 2155:James Mellaart 2121:Main article: 2118: 2117:Unknown origin 2115: 2113: 2110: 2100: 2097: 2093:Proto-Albanian 2066: 2063: 2016: 2013: 1977:with a "-ss-" 1970: 1967: 1957:(derived from 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1908: 1905: 1885: 1882: 1832: 1829: 1825:Lacedaemonians 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1712:, Histaeotis, 1664: 1661: 1651:The historian 1648: 1645: 1630:were home to: 1570: 1567: 1441: 1438: 1372: 1369: 1357:Peloponnesians 1348: 1345: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1268: 1265: 1187: 1184: 1105:The Suppliants 1093:central Greece 1065: 1062: 1046:Ἄσιος ὁ Σάμιος 1038:Asius of Samos 1034: 1033:Asius of Samos 1031: 987: 984: 833: 830: 828: 825: 799:, semi-Greek, 788: 785: 756: 753: 713:Julius Pokorny 697:Gilbert Murray 679:Νεφελοκοκκυγία 625: 622: 606:5th century BC 561:) was used by 521: 520: 518: 517: 510: 503: 495: 492: 491: 478: 477: 474: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 422: 419: 418: 415: 414: 411: 410: 401: 395:Military Junta 392: 383: 365: 356: 347: 344:(1914/15-1917) 338: 329: 320: 311: 301: 296: 295: 292: 291: 288: 287: 281:Ottoman Greece 278: 269: 263:Venetian Crete 259: 254: 253: 250: 249: 246: 245: 236: 229: 224: 223: 220: 219: 216: 215: 207: 204:(323 BC–31 BC) 198: 189: 183:Archaic Greece 180: 170: 167:Ancient Greece 165: 164: 161: 160: 157: 156: 141: 125: 109: 102: 97: 96: 93: 92: 89: 88: 82: 77: 76: 73: 72: 64: 63: 54: 53: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12691: 12680: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12596: 12594: 12579: 12575: 12571: 12569: 12561: 12560: 12557: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12505: 12503: 12499: 12493: 12490: 12487: 12483: 12479: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12436: 12434: 12432: 12428: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12391:Protestantism 12389: 12387: 12384: 12381: 12377: 12373: 12369: 12365: 12361: 12357: 12353: 12349: 12345: 12341: 12337: 12333: 12329: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12302: 12299: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12269: 12265: 12261: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12241: 12237: 12233: 12229: 12225: 12221: 12217: 12213: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12183: 12179: 12175: 12172: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12162: 12155: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12140: 12136: 12132: 12128: 12124: 12120: 12116: 12112: 12108: 12104: 12100: 12096: 12092: 12088: 12084: 12080: 12076: 12072: 12068: 12064: 12060: 12056: 12052: 12048: 12044: 12040: 12036: 12032: 12029: 12026: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12016:Ionian School 12014: 12012: 12009: 12006: 12002: 11998: 11994: 11993:Peloponnesian 11990: 11986: 11982: 11978: 11974: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11962: 11959: 11955: 11951: 11947: 11943: 11939: 11935: 11931: 11927: 11923: 11919: 11915: 11911: 11907: 11903: 11899: 11895: 11891: 11887: 11883: 11879: 11875: 11871: 11867: 11863: 11859: 11855: 11851: 11847: 11843: 11839: 11835: 11831: 11827: 11823: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11810: 11808: 11806: 11802: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11790:Media freedom 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11767: 11765: 11763: 11759: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11739: 11736: 11733: 11729: 11725: 11721: 11717: 11713: 11712:Balkan Romani 11709: 11705: 11701: 11697: 11694: 11691: 11687: 11683: 11679: 11676: 11673: 11669: 11665: 11661: 11660:Ancient Greek 11657: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11642: 11638: 11634: 11630: 11626: 11622: 11618: 11614: 11610: 11606: 11602: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11589: 11585: 11581: 11580:Cyrillization 11577: 11573: 11569: 11565: 11561: 11558: 11557: 11555: 11553: 11549: 11542: 11538: 11534: 11530: 11526: 11522: 11518: 11514: 11510: 11506: 11502: 11498: 11494: 11490: 11486: 11482: 11478: 11474: 11471: 11468: 11464: 11460: 11456: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11444: 11440: 11436: 11432: 11428: 11425: 11421: 11417: 11413: 11410: 11407: 11403: 11399: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11387: 11383: 11380: 11377: 11373: 11369: 11365: 11361: 11357: 11353: 11350: 11347: 11343: 11339: 11335: 11331: 11327: 11323: 11319: 11315: 11311: 11308: 11305: 11304:Frappé coffee 11301: 11297: 11293: 11289: 11285: 11281: 11277: 11273: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11261: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11245: 11241: 11237: 11233: 11229: 11225: 11222: 11218: 11214: 11210: 11206: 11202: 11201: 11199: 11197: 11193: 11187: 11186:Religious art 11184: 11181: 11177: 11174: 11171: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11158: 11155: 11152: 11148: 11145: 11144: 11142: 11140: 11136: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11099: 11095: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11075:Hellenophobia 11072: 11071:Philhellenism 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11046: 11042: 11038: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11026:Hellenization 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 11001:Eastern Party 10999: 10996: 10992: 10988: 10984: 10980: 10979:Mariner's cap 10976: 10972: 10968: 10964: 10960: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10932: 10930: 10928: 10924: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10907: 10903: 10899: 10895: 10891: 10887: 10883: 10879: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10864: 10860: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10847: 10845: 10843: 10839: 10835: 10828: 10824: 10814: 10811: 10808: 10804: 10800: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10755: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10735: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10690: 10686: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10671: 10667: 10664: 10661: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10641: 10637: 10634: 10631: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10613: 10610: 10606: 10601: 10597: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10564: 10562: 10560: 10556: 10550: 10547: 10544: 10540: 10536: 10533: 10530: 10526: 10522: 10518: 10515: 10512: 10508: 10504: 10500: 10497: 10494: 10490: 10489:Republicanism 10486: 10483: 10480: 10476: 10473: 10470: 10466: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10456: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10419: 10415: 10411: 10407: 10404: 10401: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10383: 10381: 10379:Social issues 10377: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10360: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10322: 10320: 10318: 10314: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10287: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10255: 10251: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10229: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10206: 10204: 10200: 10194: 10193:Supreme Court 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10180: 10178: 10176: 10172: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10138: 10134: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10117: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10104: 10102: 10098: 10091: 10087: 10084: 10081: 10077: 10074: 10071: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10058: 10056: 10052: 10046: 10043: 10040: 10036: 10032: 10028: 10024: 10020: 10019:Constitutions 10017: 10014: 10010: 10006: 10002: 10001: 9999: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9980: 9976: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9927: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9914: 9912: 9910: 9906: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9889: 9885: 9881: 9877: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9849: 9847: 9845: 9841: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9819: 9815: 9811: 9807: 9804: 9801: 9797: 9793: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9770: 9768: 9764: 9757: 9753: 9749: 9745: 9742: 9739: 9735: 9731: 9727: 9723: 9719: 9716: 9713: 9709: 9705: 9701: 9697: 9693: 9689: 9685: 9682: 9679: 9675: 9671: 9667: 9663: 9659: 9656: 9653: 9649: 9645: 9641: 9637: 9633: 9629: 9625: 9621: 9617: 9613: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9594: 9591: 9587: 9583: 9579: 9575: 9571: 9567: 9563: 9560: 9557: 9553: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9538: 9535: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9507: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9475: 9472: 9469: 9465: 9461: 9457: 9453: 9449: 9445: 9441: 9437: 9433: 9429: 9425: 9422: 9419: 9415: 9411: 9407: 9403: 9400: 9397: 9393: 9389: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9369: 9365: 9361: 9357: 9354: 9353: 9351: 9349: 9345: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9328: 9324: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9311: 9309: 9305: 9301: 9297: 9292: 9288: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9258: 9254: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9215:Greek Muslims 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9195: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9158: 9155: 9154: 9152: 9148: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9040: 9039: 9037: 9032: 9025: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9010: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8945: 8941: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8862: 8860: 8855: 8851: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8809:Neolithic Age 8807: 8806: 8804: 8801:(pre-1100 BC) 8799: 8795: 8791: 8787: 8782: 8778: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8763: 8760: 8755: 8748: 8743: 8741: 8736: 8734: 8729: 8728: 8725: 8713: 8705: 8703: 8699: 8695: 8693: 8685: 8684: 8681: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8644: 8641: 8640: 8639: 8636: 8635: 8632: 8625: 8621: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8474: 8472: 8466: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8351: 8349: 8343: 8340: 8336: 8332: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8259: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8212:Hemeroscopion 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8185: 8181: 8175: 8172: 8169: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8146: 8144: 8142: 8138: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8089: 8085: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7951: 7949: 7947: 7943: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7789:Magna Graecia 7786: 7782: 7775: 7772: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7712: 7706: 7703: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7663:Arcadocypriot 7661: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7627: 7617: 7616:Zeus, Olympia 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7601:Hera, Olympia 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7573: 7571: 7569: 7565: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7530: 7527: 7524: 7520: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7504:Mount Olympus 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7472:Sacred places 7470: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7447: 7444: 7443: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7433: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7421: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7393: 7390: 7389: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7356: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7343: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7296:Olympic Games 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7286:Homosexuality 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7158: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7127: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6969: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6856: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6800: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6700: 6696: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6656:Seleucid army 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6548: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6521: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6493: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6450: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6410: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6398: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6367: 6364: 6361: 6358: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6330:Delian League 6328: 6325: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6306: 6303: 6293: 6290: 6287: 6286:Ionian League 6284: 6274: 6271: 6267: 560 BC 6257: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6249: 6244: 6240: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6179: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6008:Magna Graecia 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5942: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5854: 5853: 5850: 5846: 5839: 5834: 5832: 5827: 5825: 5820: 5819: 5816: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5752: 5748: 5741: 5736: 5734: 5729: 5727: 5722: 5721: 5718: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5635: 5631: 5630: 5624: 5620: 5618:0-271-01199-8 5614: 5610: 5606: 5601: 5600: 5588: 5587: 5581: 5577: 5572: 5568: 5567: 5561: 5557: 5551: 5535: 5530: 5526: 5521: 5517: 5515:0-253-21570-6 5511: 5507: 5506: 5500: 5496: 5494:9783700101482 5490: 5485: 5484: 5476: 5472: 5471: 5465: 5461: 5455: 5451: 5450: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5431: 5430: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5405:0-8288-6602-3 5401: 5397: 5396: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5366: 5355: 5351: 5350: 5344: 5340: 5339: 5334: 5330: 5323: 5322: 5316: 5312: 5310:0-684-14483-2 5306: 5301: 5300: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5280: 5276: 5275: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5260: 5254: 5250: 5248:0-444-40930-0 5244: 5240: 5239: 5233: 5229: 5228: 5222: 5218: 5216:0-87661-213-3 5212: 5208: 5207: 5201: 5197: 5191: 5187: 5186: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5153:(1): 99–127. 5152: 5148: 5143: 5139: 5138: 5132: 5128: 5127: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5106: 5101: 5097: 5096: 5090: 5086: 5080: 5076: 5075: 5069: 5065: 5064: 5058: 5054: 5048: 5044: 5043: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5024: 5016: 5011: 5007: 5006: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4976: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4950: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4935:0-8018-4734-6 4931: 4927: 4926: 4920: 4916: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4874: 4870: 4864: 4860: 4855: 4851: 4845: 4841: 4840: 4834: 4830: 4824: 4820: 4819: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4804:90-04-07309-4 4800: 4796: 4795: 4789: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4763: 4759: 4757:0-88864-051-X 4753: 4749: 4748: 4742: 4738: 4736:9780860543374 4732: 4728: 4727: 4721: 4717: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4702: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4648: 4644: 4643: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4587: 4582: 4575: 4570: 4563: 4558: 4552: 4547: 4539: 4535: 4530: 4523: 4519: 4514: 4506: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4471: 4466: 4459: 4454: 4446: 4440: 4436: 4435: 4427: 4420: 4415: 4409: 4405: 4404: 4396: 4388: 4382: 4378: 4377: 4369: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4345: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4322: 4317: 4310: 4309:Mellaart 1975 4306: 4302: 4297: 4290: 4287: 4281: 4274: 4269: 4262: 4257: 4250: 4247:, editors of 4246: 4242: 4237: 4230: 4225: 4221: 4220: 4212: 4205: 4200: 4192: 4190:1-58983-097-0 4186: 4182: 4179: 4178: 4170: 4163: 4162:Georgiev 1977 4158: 4151: 4150:Georgiev 1961 4146: 4139: 4134: 4127: 4123: 4122: 4114: 4107: 4106:Harrison 1998 4102: 4095: 4091: 4086: 4076: 4069: 4064: 4057: 4052: 4045: 4040: 4033: 4029: 4024: 4018: 4014: 4008: 4001: 3997: 3991: 3984: 3980: 3974: 3967: 3963: 3957: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3936: 3929: 3925: 3919: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3883: 3875: 3871: 3865: 3863: 3855: 3851: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3795: 3791: 3785: 3778: 3774: 3768: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3744: 3740: 3734: 3727: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3678: 3672: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3633: 3629: 3623: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3599: 3595: 3589: 3582: 3577: 3570: 3565: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3541: 3536: 3529: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3497:, p. 47. 3496: 3491: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3423: 3416: 3415: 3410: 3404: 3397: 3392: 3385: 3380: 3373: 3369: 3368:Metamorphoses 3363: 3356: 3350: 3343: 3337: 3330: 3325: 3318: 3312: 3305: 3299: 3292: 3286: 3279: 3273: 3266: 3260: 3253: 3248: 3246: 3239:, p. 33. 3238: 3233: 3227:, p. 39. 3226: 3221: 3214: 3213:Prichard 1841 3209: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3194: 3187: 3180: 3176: 3170: 3163: 3157: 3150: 3149:Robert Fagles 3146: 3140: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3117: 3113: 3107: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3084: 3078: 3072:, p. 241 3071: 3067: 3063: 3057: 3051:, p. 241 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3032: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3007: 3000: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2983: 2978: 2971: 2966: 2959: 2954: 2947: 2942: 2935: 2930: 2923: 2918: 2911: 2906: 2900:, p. 43. 2899: 2894: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2861: 2856: 2849: 2844: 2829: 2828: 2823: 2817: 2810: 2802: 2797: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2743: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2714: 2710: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2591: 2589: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2565: 2561: 2551: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2514: 2513:Pelasgic wall 2499: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2432:Earth Goddess 2430: 2426: 2425:White Goddess 2422: 2421:Robert Graves 2416: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2375: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2324:, and others. 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2168: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2124: 2109: 2107: 2106:Le Pélasgique 2096: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2083:diplomat and 2082: 2076: 2072: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1943: 1939: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1891: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1849: 1845: 1843: 1842: 1837: 1828: 1827:from Lemnos. 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1787:mentions the 1786: 1782: 1781: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1681: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1566: 1564: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1541: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1454:Halicarnassus 1451: 1447: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1400:and his wife 1399: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1385: 1377: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1295: 1293: 1286: 1284: 1283: 1282:Metamorphoses 1278: 1274: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1224: 1223: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1203: 1202: 1197: 1193: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1145:karbana audan 1141: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1112:fleeing from 1111: 1107: 1106: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1043: 1042:Ancient Greek 1039: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 960: 953: 951: 947: 943: 939: 933: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 886:Hellespontine 883: 879: 878:Hellespontine 875: 874: 869: 865: 864: 855: 851: 847: 843: 838: 823: 818: 816: 812: 811: 806: 802: 798: 794: 784: 782: 778: 774: 773:Victorian era 770: 761: 752: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 702: 698: 694: 691: 685: 676: 675:Ancient Greek 672: 668: 667: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 641: 639: 635: 631: 621: 619: 615: 611: 610:ancient Greek 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 586: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 547: 541: 532: 531:Ancient Greek 528: 516: 511: 509: 504: 502: 497: 496: 494: 493: 490: 480: 479: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 423: 417: 416: 405: 402: 396: 393: 387: 384: 377: 373: 369: 366: 360: 357: 351: 348: 342: 339: 333: 330: 324: 321: 315: 312: 306: 303: 302: 299: 298:Modern Greece 294: 293: 282: 279: 273: 270: 264: 261: 260: 257: 252: 251: 240: 237: 234: 231: 230: 227: 222: 221: 211: 208: 202: 199: 193: 190: 184: 181: 175: 172: 171: 168: 163: 162: 145: 142: 129: 126: 113: 110: 107: 104: 103: 100: 95: 94: 87: 84: 83: 80: 75: 74: 70: 66: 65: 62: 56: 55: 50: 45: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 12513:Coat of arms 12492:Rugby league 12406:Thymiaterion 12240:Contemporary 12228:19th century 12035:Askomandoura 11898:Metsovitikos 11862:Kalamatianos 11813:Church music 11672:Modern Greek 11605:Katharevousa 11584:Romanization 11521:Moschofilero 11435:Taramosalata 11356:Amygdalopita 11256:Spoon sweets 11248:Melomakarona 11170:19th century 11147:Architecture 11119:Tsiknopempti 10945:Clean Monday 10842:Demographics 10803:Athens Metro 10790:Trade unions 10760:Space Agency 10646:Central bank 10640:Central bank 10465:Conservatism 10439:Prostitution 10424:Human rights 10400:universities 10340:Conscription 9996:Constitution 9888:Thracian Sea 9876:Sea of Crete 9652:Thessaloniki 9534:Kastellorizo 9257:royal family 9185:Coups d'état 9180:Colonization 9121:World War II 9042:Stato da Màr 9027:Early modern 9000:Frankokratia 8818: 8766:Basic topics 8507:Dionysopolis 8477:Abonoteichos 8429:Pantikapaion 8019:Hybla Heraea 7355:Architecture 7311:Prostitution 7000:Aristophanes 6859:Philosophers 6829:Philosophers 6661:Spartan army 6392:(280–146 BC) 6380:(338–322 BC) 6374:(370–168 BC) 6362:(374–196 BC) 6356:(378–355 BC) 6338:(430–348 BC) 6332:(478–404 BC) 6326:(499–449 BC) 6013:Peloponnesus 5935:Roman Greece 5746: 5683: 5679: 5642: 5638: 5628: 5608: 5605:"Pelasgians" 5585: 5575: 5565: 5538:. Retrieved 5524: 5504: 5481: 5469: 5448: 5428: 5417: 5394: 5373: 5357:. Retrieved 5348: 5337: 5320: 5298: 5287: 5283: 5273: 5258: 5237: 5226: 5205: 5184: 5150: 5146: 5136: 5125: 5115: 5111: 5094: 5073: 5062: 5041: 5014: 5004: 4994: 4985: 4981: 4978: 4974: 4961: 4948: 4924: 4914: 4881: 4877: 4858: 4838: 4817: 4793: 4768: 4746: 4725: 4700: 4664: 4641: 4618: 4605: 4581: 4569: 4562:Heffner 1927 4557: 4546: 4529: 4513: 4490: 4477: 4465: 4453: 4433: 4426: 4417: 4402: 4395: 4375: 4368: 4344: 4328: 4316: 4296: 4288: 4285: 4280: 4268: 4256: 4248: 4236: 4227: 4217: 4211: 4199: 4176: 4169: 4157: 4145: 4133: 4125: 4120: 4113: 4101: 4085: 4075: 4063: 4051: 4039: 4023: 4012: 4007: 3995: 3990: 3978: 3973: 3961: 3956: 3940: 3935: 3923: 3918: 3906: 3901: 3889: 3869: 3849: 3823: 3822:Thucydides. 3818: 3806: 3805:Thucydides. 3801: 3789: 3788:Thucydides. 3784: 3772: 3767: 3755: 3750: 3738: 3733: 3721: 3716: 3705: 3700: 3684: 3676: 3671: 3659: 3654: 3643: 3638: 3627: 3622: 3610: 3605: 3593: 3588: 3581:Georges 1994 3576: 3569:Georges 1994 3564: 3552: 3547: 3540:Georges 1994 3535: 3523: 3518: 3507: 3502: 3495:Briquel 2013 3490: 3472: 3459: 3451: 3439: 3431: 3422: 3412: 3403: 3391: 3379: 3367: 3362: 3354: 3349: 3341: 3336: 3324: 3316: 3311: 3303: 3298: 3290: 3285: 3277: 3272: 3264: 3259: 3232: 3220: 3208: 3197: 3191: 3186: 3174: 3169: 3161: 3156: 3144: 3139: 3127: 3122: 3111: 3106: 3093: 3087:2.681–2.684. 3082: 3077: 3061: 3056: 3031: 3023: 3011: 3006: 2977: 2965: 2953: 2941: 2929: 2917: 2910:Pokorny 1969 2905: 2893: 2881: 2855: 2843: 2831:. Retrieved 2825: 2816: 2808: 2796: 2784: 2742: 2732: 2727:millennium." 2713: 2597: 2583: 2563: 2557: 2548: 2516: 2473: 2457: 2429:archetypical 2418: 2412:logographers 2377: 2372:George Grote 2369: 2364:Lemnos stele 2329:mythological 2305: 2289: 2277: 2269: 2261: 2253: 2249: 2221: 2197: 2182:Probalinthos 2173: 2144: 2126: 2105: 2102: 2087:specialist, 2079:In 1854, an 2078: 2054: 2040: 2035: 2027: 2018: 2004: 1972: 1958: 1954: 1936: 1910: 1893: 1876:in Italy at 1851: 1847: 1839: 1834: 1778: 1776: 1703: 1683: 1678: 1668: 1666: 1656: 1650: 1633: 1621: 1606: 1586: 1574: 1572: 1562: 1560: 1551: 1545: 1537: 1521: 1505: 1500: 1492: 1488: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1445: 1443: 1425: 1394:Peloponnesus 1387: 1382: 1350: 1316: 1312: 1307: 1288: 1280: 1270: 1248: 1242: 1236: 1227: 1220: 1211: 1206: 1199: 1189: 1175: 1173: 1156: 1152: 1144: 1142: 1137: 1120:, including 1103: 1101: 1067: 1048:) describes 1036: 1010: 1006: 1002: 989: 957: 955: 935: 929: 905: 871: 861: 859: 820: 808: 792: 790: 766: 744: 740: 736: 733:Ernest Klein 728: 716: 711: 700: 695: 664: 661:Aristophanes 648: 644: 642: 629: 627: 587: 558: 526: 524: 446:Constitution 210:Roman Greece 85: 40: 12372:Bellerephon 12319:Mount Athos 12246:Fairy tales 12210:(Timeline: 12203:Drosoulites 12198:Catholicism 11981:Heptanesian 11922:Pyrrhichios 11918:Proskinitos 11874:Kerkiraikos 11870:Kastorianos 11858:Ikariotikos 11838:Dionysiakos 11830:Antikristos 11826:Angaliastos 11738:Place names 11664:Koine Greek 11613:Cappadocian 11568:Orthography 11477:Agiorgitiko 11455:Heptanesean 11453:Varieties ( 11439:Tirokafteri 11412:Restaurants 11382:Greek salad 11372:Spanakopita 11244:Loukoumades 11240:Kourabiedes 11236:Koulourakia 11129:Worry beads 11045:Theophany's 11031:Hospitality 10935:Anastenaria 10902:Slavophones 10869:Immigration 10715:Laiki agora 10666:Debt crisis 10616:Agriculture 10507:Megali Idea 10499:Nationalism 10434:LGBT rights 10244:Coast Guard 10228:Greek mafia 10100:Legislature 9926:earthquakes 9909:Environment 9884:Myrtoan Sea 9880:Icarian Sea 9684:Peloponnese 9338:Place names 9263:Phanariotes 9229:Proto-Greek 9190:Demographic 9091:World War I 9086:Balkan Wars 9034:(post-1453) 8944:Middle Ages 8655:Place names 8567:Salmydessus 8389:Kalos Limen 8369:Chersonesus 8359:Borysthenes 8064:Tauromenion 7876:Metapontion 7638:Proto-Greek 7591:Erechtheion 7586:Athena Nike 7548:Philippeion 7377:Mathematics 7348:and science 7231:Agriculture 7095:Stesichorus 7005:Bacchylides 6995:Archilochus 6882:Antisthenes 6872:Anaximander 6844:Seven Sages 6834:Playwrights 6814:Geographers 6809:Astronomers 6636:Pezhetairos 6263: 1100 6243:Federations 6142:Megalopolis 6079:City states 6054:City states 5686:: 170–225. 4520:, pp. 4349:Graves 1990 4335:, pp. 4321:Beekes 2009 4092:, pp. 4090:Lytton 1837 4056:Beekes 2018 4028:Beekes 2014 3994:Pausanias. 3977:Pausanias. 3960:Pausanias. 3939:Pausanias. 3922:Pausanias. 3811:2.16–2.17.1 3771:Herodotus. 3754:Herodotus. 3737:Herodotus. 3720:Herodotus. 3704:Herodotus. 3675:Herodotus. 3658:Herodotus. 3642:Herodotus. 3626:Herodotus. 3609:Herodotus. 3592:Herodotus. 3551:Herodotus. 3522:Herodotus. 3506:Herodotus. 3483:pp. 108–109 3479:pp. 156–157 3414:Bibliotheca 3409:Apollodorus 3357:, Line 107. 3353:Euripides. 3340:Euripides. 3315:Aeschylus. 3302:Aeschylus. 3289:Aeschylus. 3276:Aeschylus. 3263:Aeschylus. 3016:2.840–2.843 2898:Murray 1960 2860:Beekes 2009 2699:Tyrrhenians 2689:Sea peoples 2584:ra-mi-ni-ja 2521:and by the 2502:Archaeology 2262:terébinthos 2252:(bathtub), 2137:philologist 2133:Proto-Greek 2059:Philistines 2043:Sea Peoples 1997:Tarhuntassa 1874:Tiber River 1858:Thermopylae 1768:Geographers 1762:Tyrrhenians 1533: 1876 1526:Jean Benner 1313:Genealogiai 1130:Pelasgiotis 1097:Peloponnese 1023:King Lycaon 1005:style him " 846:Pelasgiotis 745:*pelag-skoi 717:*pelag-skoi 426:Agriculture 398:(1967-1974) 389:(1946-1949) 380:(1941-1944) 376:Free Greece 362:(1936-1941) 353:(1924-1935) 326:(1822-1832) 317:(1821-1829) 308:(1800-1807) 284:(1371-1912) 275:(1363-1797) 266:(1205-1667) 242:(1204-1579) 58:History of 36:Pelagianism 12669:Barbarians 12599:Pelasgians 12593:Categories 12469:Ice hockey 12449:Basketball 12416:Vrykolakas 12284:Hypertimos 12123:Tambourine 12055:Macedonian 12001:Thessalian 11985:Macedonian 11969:Folk music 11946:Tsakonikos 11894:Maniatikos 11890:Leventikos 11822:Ai Georgis 11795:Corruption 11785:Television 11780:Newspapers 11724:Macedonian 11704:Arvanitika 11678:Literature 11572:Diacritics 11513:Malagousia 11509:Mandilaria 11505:Mavrodafni 11467:Macedonian 11368:Karydopita 11330:Kefalotyri 11314:Anthotyros 11260:Vasilopita 11226:Desserts ( 11166:Modern art 11085:Philosophy 11041:New Year's 10971:Fustanella 10890:Aromanians 10874:Minorities 10863:the Greeks 10695:Euro coins 10543:Trotskyism 10493:Venizelism 10485:Liberalism 10469:Monarchism 10458:Ideologies 10406:Healthcare 10219:Corruption 10066:Government 9932:Ecoregions 9899:Libyan Sea 9894:Ionian Sea 9872:Aegean Sea 9824:Peninsulas 9600:Chalkidiki 9556:Thesprotia 9482:Astypalaia 9478:Agathonisi 9474:Dodecanese 9327:co-capital 9031:Modern era 8980:Iconoclasm 8947:(330–1453) 8819:Pelasgians 8814:Bronze Age 8798:Prehistory 8557:Polemonion 8434:Phanagoria 8404:Kimmerikon 8399:Kerkinitis 8384:Hermonassa 8374:Dioscurias 8270:Aspalathos 8217:Kalathousa 8192:Akra Leuke 8121:Phoenicusa 7906:Scylletium 7891:Poseidonia 7811:Brentesion 7698:Pamphylian 7693:Macedonian 7611:Samothrace 7596:Hephaestus 7543:Long Walls 7522:Structures 7463:Underworld 7409:Technology 7372:Literature 7306:Philosophy 7271:Euergetism 7160:By culture 7105:Thucydides 6947:Pythagoras 6942:Protagoras 6932:Parmenides 6917:Heraclitus 6902:Empedocles 6892:Democritus 6877:Anaximenes 6867:Anaxagoras 6819:Historians 6312: 595 6299: 550 6280: 800 6265: – c. 6193:Cappadocia 5998:Ionian Sea 5988:Hellespont 5953:Aegean Sea 5747:Pelasgians 5290:: 206–208. 5262:(Thesis). 5017:. Tbilisi. 4470:Kaigi 1969 4333:Grote 1862 4030:, p. 3691:, p. 3469:Hellanicus 3070:Gruen 2011 3049:Gruen 2011 2999:Gruen 2011 2934:Klein 1966 2771:References 2608:Bronze Age 2511:See also: 2450:writings. 2250:asáminthos 2242:Amnis(s)os 2216:Hill, the 2214:Lycabettus 2190:Amarynthos 2151:Çatalhöyük 2129:Aegean Sea 2069:See also: 1994:Bronze Age 1888:See also: 1856:River and 1726:Hellespont 1636:Chalcidian 1624:Amphipolis 1581:Thucydides 1569:Thucydides 1485:Samothrace 1414:Teutamides 1371:Hellanicus 1299:Historians 1201:Suppliants 1176:Suppliants 1136:"across" ( 1122:Perrhaebia 902:Teutamides 894:Hippothous 888:border of 868:Trojan War 793:Pelasgians 749:Sea People 634:provenance 602:Hellenized 583:Aegean Sea 527:Pelasgians 86:Pelasgians 12411:Name days 12324:Mythology 12212:Antiquity 12131:Tsampouna 12119:Tambouras 12095:Pan flute 12025:Skyladiko 11989:Nisiotika 11954:Zeibekiko 11914:Pentozali 11906:Palamakia 11886:Pidikhtos 11846:Gaitanaki 11716:Bulgarian 11708:Aromanian 11637:Tsakonian 11588:Greeklish 11552:Languages 11541:Xinomavro 11533:Savatiano 11493:Kotsifali 11485:Assyrtiko 11431:Skordalia 11406:Hilopites 11342:Metsovone 11300:Tsikoudia 11288:Sideritis 11114:Theophany 11037:Christmas 11021:Greektown 11006:Festivals 10991:Tsarouchi 10886:Arvanites 10685:renewable 10656:Companies 10630:companies 10549:Anarchism 10535:Socialism 10410:hospitals 10396:Education 10330:Alliances 10325:Air Force 10239:Terrorism 10150:Parataxis 10137:Elections 10127:Presidium 10076:President 10054:Executive 9834:Volcanoes 9806:Mountains 9696:Corinthia 9596:Macedonia 9590:Zakynthos 9574:Kefalonia 9494:Karpathos 9460:Santorini 9410:Heraklion 9392:Phthiotis 9384:Evrytania 9368:Acarnania 9296:Geography 9166:Byzantine 9126:Civil war 8929:Roman era 8854:Antiquity 8643:in Epirus 8592:Trapezous 8537:Mesambria 8522:Eupatoria 8492:Apollonia 8487:Anchialos 8449:Theodosia 8419:Nymphaion 8409:Myrmekion 8379:Gorgippia 8335:Black Sea 8320:Tragurion 8305:Nymphaion 8290:Epidauros 8285:Epidamnos 8275:Apollonia 8252:Zacynthos 8174:Ptolemais 8168:Apollonia 8141:Cyrenaica 8131:Therassía 8126:Strongyle 8106:Ereikousa 8029:Leontinoi 7969:Apollonia 7846:Hipponion 7643:Mycenaean 7606:Parthenon 7538:Lion Gate 7441:Mythology 7404:Sculpture 7367:Astronomy 7301:Pederasty 7276:Festivals 7261:Education 7141:Lawgivers 7110:Timocreon 7090:Sophocles 7085:Simonides 7060:Philocles 7055:Panyassis 7050:Mimnermus 7015:Herodotus 7010:Euripides 6980:Aeschylus 6927:Leucippus 6887:Aristotle 6666:Strategos 6532:Synedrion 6486:Ostracism 6466:Areopagus 6418:Free city 6213:Macedonia 6097:Byzantion 6003:Macedonia 5968:Cyrenaica 5945:Geography 5879:Geography 5803:Teleboans 5798:Phleygans 5708:162335262 5667:164120593 5175:245265394 5039:(1990) . 5023:cite book 4906:128887293 4706:Routledge 4691:242040187 4645:. Brill. 4204:Hahn 1854 4013:Geography 3911:1.19–1.20 3773:Histories 3758:, 7.95. ( 3756:Histories 3739:Histories 3722:Histories 3706:Histories 3689:Buck 1979 3677:Histories 3660:Histories 3644:Histories 3628:Histories 3611:Histories 3596:, 1.58. ( 3594:Histories 3553:Histories 3526:, 1.57. ( 3524:Histories 3508:Histories 3438:; Homer. 3436:pp. 49–51 3198:Geography 3175:Geography 2882:Geography 2801:Brug 1985 2789:Abel 1966 2776:Citations 2694:Thracians 2644:Illyrians 2624:Barbarian 2573:ossuaries 2569:Miltiades 2535:Neolithic 2533:revealed 2488:Colchians 2438:, Greek, 2404:Thracians 2400:Telchines 2357:Levantine 2353:Anatolian 2349:Aphrodite 2306:-ēnai/ēnē 2266:terebinth 2254:ápsinthos 2234:Kephissos 2230:Parnassus 2204:, Mounts 2186:Zakynthos 2024:Thracians 2001:Parnassus 1988:and some 1983:cuneiform 1969:Anatolian 1947:barbarian 1907:Reception 1901:Pelasgian 1841:Geography 1789:Arcadians 1785:Pausanias 1773:Pausanias 1695:Aetolians 1597:Phthiotis 1593:Deucalion 1591:, son of 1548:Antandrus 1540:Athenians 1462:barbarian 1450:Herodotus 1446:Histories 1440:Herodotus 1434:Etruscans 1430:Tyrrhenia 1353:Acusilaus 1347:Acusilaus 1321:Deucalion 1249:Archelaus 1229:Euripides 1222:Tyrrhenoi 1208:Sophocles 1196:Aeschylus 1134:Naupactus 1069:Aeschylus 1064:Aeschylus 1058:Pausanias 1019:eponymous 942:Paeonians 882:Thracians 840:Plain of 805:pre-Greek 801:non-Greek 777:philology 684:romanized 666:The Birds 638:etymology 624:Etymology 598:barbarian 551:singular: 540:romanized 525:The name 456:Ethnonyms 386:Civil War 12568:Category 12459:Football 12444:Baseball 12360:Daedalus 12344:Odysseus 12340:Heracles 12279:Hinduism 12193:Buddhism 12167:and lore 12165:Religion 12145:Rebetiko 12115:Souravli 12111:Santouri 12103:Psaltery 12099:Phorminx 12071:Floghera 12059:Politiki 12043:Bouzouki 12005:Thracian 11964:Éntekhno 11950:Tsamikos 11910:Partalos 11878:Kleistos 11854:Hasapiko 11842:Fisounis 11775:Internet 11747:Proverbs 11686:Medieval 11609:dialects 11592:numerals 11517:Malvasia 11449:Souvlaki 11443:Tzatziki 11429:Sauces ( 11402:Flomaria 11376:Tiropita 11360:Bougatsa 11346:Mizithra 11334:Ladotyri 11322:Graviera 11296:Tsipouro 11284:Rakomelo 11270:Drinks ( 11221:Tsoureki 11217:Paximadi 11209:Kritsini 11203:Breads ( 11035:Carols ( 11011:Folklore 10987:Perizoma 10975:Himation 10940:Caryatid 10850:Diaspora 10770:Taxation 10750:Shipping 10740:Rankings 10730:Railways 10710:Highways 10621:Airports 10539:Laocracy 10529:Pacifism 10525:Feminism 10479:Metaxism 10391:Cannabis 10386:Abortion 10317:Military 10302:Treaties 10297:Passport 10202:Security 9984:Politics 9818:Rhodopes 9738:Sporades 9730:Magnesia 9722:Karditsa 9718:Thessaly 9704:Messenia 9620:Kastoria 9548:Ioannina 9490:Kalymnos 9424:Cyclades 9414:Rethymno 9307:Overview 9249:Monarchy 9244:Military 9200:Economic 9150:By topic 8692:Category 8670:Theatres 8597:Tripolis 8532:Kerasous 8527:Heraclea 8459:Tyritake 8414:Nikonion 8325:Thronion 8247:Salauris 8202:Emporion 8159:Berenice 8149:Balagrae 8101:Euonymos 8074:Tyndaris 8059:Syracuse 8054:Selinous 8024:Kamarina 7979:Casmenae 7964:Akrillai 7881:Neápolis 7816:Caulonia 7797:Mainland 7728:Linear B 7723:Linear A 7653:Dialects 7630:Language 7424:Religion 7382:Medicine 7316:Religion 7281:Folklore 7266:Emporium 7241:Clothing 7236:Calendar 7120:Xenophon 7115:Tyrtaeus 7100:Theognis 7075:Polybius 7070:Plutarch 7045:Menander 7025:Hipponax 6952:Socrates 6907:Epicurus 6753:Diadochi 6651:Sciritae 6611:Hetairoi 6586:Ballista 6551:Military 6514:Gerousia 6504:Ekklesia 6471:Ecclesia 6453:Athenian 6401:Politics 6314:–279 BC) 6301:–366 BC) 6282:–389 BC) 6218:Pergamon 6188:Bithynia 6181:Kingdoms 6122:Pergamon 6064:Military 6059:Politics 5856:Timeline 5768:Caucones 5550:cite web 5483:Kykladen 5416:(1841). 5371:(1998). 5359:11 March 5335:(1960). 4993:(1977). 4972:(1961). 4960:(1941). 4946:(1937). 4884:: 2–82. 4815:(2006). 4779:, 1937. 4639:(2014). 4617:(2009). 4541:Greece." 4485:(1994). 4357:Eurynome 4286:Language 4011:Strabo. 3474:Phoronis 3467:(citing 3190:Hesiod. 3068:). See: 3041:Thessaly 2880:Strabo. 2822:"Ionian" 2618:See also 2588:Linear B 2492:Iberians 2484:Caucasus 2476:Georgian 2448:medieval 2440:Biblical 2408:Phlegyae 2388:Kaukones 2337:Dionysus 2327:Certain 2302:Mytilene 2246:Tylissos 2228:, Mount 2206:Hymettus 2081:Austrian 2065:Albanian 2055:Peleshet 2028:pelasgoi 2015:Thracian 1975:toponyms 1884:Language 1793:Pelasgus 1746:Po River 1738:Crinacus 1710:Cyclades 1699:Locrians 1601:Hellenes 1556:Aeolians 1418:Po River 1406:Phrastōr 1398:Pelasgus 1325:Thessaly 1153:Karbanoi 1095:and the 1085:Pelasgus 1073:Thessaly 1050:Pelasgus 1015:Pelasgus 1011:Pelasgic 978:/modern 968:Odysseus 950:Caucones 940:and the 842:Thessaly 701:pelas gē 649:pelargos 645:pelasgos 630:Pelasgoi 618:Aeolians 559:Pelasgós 555:Πελασγός 546:Pelasgoí 535:Πελασγοί 471:Military 461:Language 431:Alphabet 144:Mycenean 112:Cycladic 49:a series 47:Part of 12501:Symbols 12454:Cricket 12401:Sikhism 12396:Psychai 12380:Centaur 12368:Theseus 12364:Orpheus 12356:Perseus 12352:Oedipus 12298:History 12294:Judaism 12178:Origins 12135:Tympano 12127:Trigono 12107:Salpinx 12067:Crotala 12011:Hip Hop 11977:Epirote 11930:Sirtaki 11866:Kangeli 11850:Geranos 11742:exonyms 11732:Turkish 11682:Ancient 11652:History 11641:Yevanic 11621:Cypriot 11601:Demotic 11576:Braille 11564:History 11525:Retsina 11497:Lesbian 11463:Epirote 11424:Taverna 11416:Kafenio 11396:Pasta ( 11338:Manouri 11326:Kasseri 11310:Cheeses 11292:Tentura 11272:Mastika 11252:Pasteli 11205:Daktyla 11196:Cuisine 11180:Ancient 11176:Theatre 11151:Castles 11098:Ohi Day 11066:Paideia 11056:Mountza 10963:Chlamys 10927:Culture 10831:Society 10785:Tourism 10734:history 10689:nuclear 10676:Drachma 10636:Banking 10605:Economy 10475:Fascism 10418:smoking 10414:obesity 10355:Evzones 10116:Speaker 10061:Cabinet 10015:, 2019) 9947:Mammals 9942:Forests 9917:Climate 9810:Olympus 9788:Islands 9783:Geology 9766:Terrain 9752:Rhodope 9734:Trikala 9726:Larissa 9700:Laconia 9692:Argolis 9688:Arcadia 9616:Imathia 9612:Grevena 9608:Florina 9582:Lefkada 9578:Kythira 9552:Preveza 9514:Nisyros 9506:Leipsoi 9448:Mykonos 9440:Kythnos 9418:Lasithi 9376:Boeotia 9364:Aetolia 9348:Regions 9323:capital 9314:Borders 9081:Kingdom 8786:History 8712:Outline 8665:Temples 8602:Zaliche 8582:Thèrmae 8572:Sesamus 8542:Odessos 8517:Cytorus 8512:Cotyora 8262:Illyria 8227:Mainake 8222:Kypsela 8111:Hycesia 8069:Thermae 8049:Segesta 8039:Messana 7994:Helorus 7974:Calacte 7954:Akragas 7916:Sybaris 7901:Rhegion 7856:Krimisa 7806:Alision 7715:Writing 7688:Locrian 7678:Epirote 7648:Homeric 7581:Artemis 7568:Temples 7509:Olympia 7479:Eleusis 7414:Theatre 7399:Pottery 7326:Warfare 7321:Slavery 7256:Economy 7251:Cuisine 7246:Coinage 7223:Society 7208:Culture 7203:Society 7151:Tyrants 6990:Alcaeus 6972:Authors 6922:Hypatia 6912:Gorgias 6849:Writers 6671:Toxotai 6641:Sarissa 6631:Peltast 6626:Phalanx 6606:Hoplite 6601:Hippeis 6524:Macedon 6496:Spartan 6481:Heliaia 6428:Proxeny 6137:Larissa 6132:Kerkyra 6127:Eretria 6117:Miletus 6112:Ephesus 6107:Corinth 6102:Chalcis 6023:Taurica 5893:Periods 5874:History 5793:Minyans 5788:Kranaoi 5783:Hyantes 5778:Dryopes 5773:Curetes 5758:Abantes 5540:13 June 5439:1016679 5118:: 1–45. 4596:Sources 4181:Atlanta 3828:4.109.4 3342:Orestes 3162:Odyssey 3160:Homer. 3145:Odyssey 3143:Homer. 3126:Homer. 3110:Homer. 3081:Homer. 3060:Homer. 3047:. See: 3037:Larissa 3010:Homer. 2833:5 April 2763:era..." 2654:Minyans 2649:Leleges 2639:Falisci 2629:Dacians 2604:Boeotia 2600:Skourta 2594:Boeotia 2577:diadems 2525:on the 2464:Minoans 2444:Gnostic 2396:Hyantes 2384:Curetes 2380:Leleges 2345:Artemis 2322:Rhamnus 2294:Cyllene 2290:Kyllēnē 2286:Messēnē 2278:Mykēnai 2270:Athēnai 2258:absinth 2238:Ilissos 2226:Larissa 2178:Corinth 2145:Though 2051:Peleset 2038:"sea". 2036:pelagos 1918:Balkans 1821:Minyans 1817:Demeter 1813:Orpheus 1809:Arcadia 1777:In his 1736:son of 1714:Boeotia 1691:Leleges 1687:Curetes 1667:In the 1653:Ephorus 1647:Ephorus 1613:Theseus 1573:In the 1552:Ionians 1497:Cabeiri 1493:thentes 1458:Croesus 1444:In the 1426:Κρότωνα 1410:Amyntōr 1402:Menippe 1341:Arcadia 1261:Danaans 1257:Inachus 1238:Orestes 1235:in his 1212:Inachus 1192:Danaids 1180:Mycenae 1118:Strymon 1110:Danaids 1081:Arcadia 1027:Arcadia 1007:Dodonic 976:Cydonia 959:Odyssey 956:In the 946:Leleges 938:Carians 898:Pylaeus 860:In the 737:pelagos 686:: 657:Arcadia 614:Ionians 581:of the 542:: 451:Economy 407:(1974-) 18:Pelasgi 12578:Portal 12508:Anthem 12464:Hockey 12332:Titans 12188:Aerico 12091:Organo 12083:Laouto 12063:Pontic 12051:Cretan 11997:Pontic 11973:Cretan 11958:Zervos 11938:Syrtos 11934:Sousta 11902:Ntames 11882:Koftos 11834:Ballos 11818:Dances 11770:Cinema 11720:Ladino 11690:Modern 11633:Pontic 11629:Maniot 11617:Cretan 11607:) and 11590:) and 11537:Vilana 11529:Robola 11501:Limnio 11489:Athiri 11481:Aidini 11459:Cretan 11420:Ouzeri 11398:Gogges 11276:Metaxa 11228:Diples 11213:Lagana 11157:Cretan 11051:Mangas 10983:Peplos 10967:Exomis 10959:Chiton 10855:Greeks 10681:Energy 10670:Grexit 10651:Brands 10511:Enosis 10449:Racism 10209:Police 9862:Rivers 9852:Coasts 9829:Plains 9814:Pindus 9796:Ionian 9792:Aegean 9756:Xanthi 9744:Thrace 9708:Achaea 9674:Lesbos 9670:Lemnos 9666:Ikaria 9648:Thasos 9644:Serres 9640:Pieria 9632:Kozani 9628:Kilkis 9624:Kavala 9570:Ithaca 9540:Epirus 9522:Rhodes 9518:Patmos 9486:Chalki 9428:Andros 9406:Chania 9388:Phocis 9380:Euboea 9372:Attica 9319:Cities 9194:Modern 9161:tribes 8890:Delian 8756:topics 8754:Greece 8702:Portal 8650:People 8638:Cities 8577:Sinope 8562:Rhizos 8552:Phasis 8502:Bathus 8497:Athina 8482:Amisos 8444:Tanais 8439:Pityus 8364:Charax 8315:Pharos 8310:Orikon 8207:Helike 8197:Alonis 8164:Cyrene 8096:Didyme 8009:Himera 7984:Catana 7946:Sicily 7936:Thurii 7931:Terina 7896:Pixous 7851:Hydrus 7826:Croton 7658:Aeolic 7576:Aphaea 7499:Dodona 7484:Delphi 7453:Temple 7129:Others 7080:Sappho 7065:Pindar 7040:Lucian 7035:Ibycus 7020:Hesiod 6957:Thales 6725:Rulers 6704:People 6681:Xyston 6676:Xiphos 6537:Koinon 6443:Tyrant 6433:Stasis 6423:Koinon 6223:Pontus 6198:Epirus 6167:Sparta 6157:Rhodes 6152:Megara 6147:Thebes 6092:Athens 6018:Pontus 5983:Epirus 5973:Cyprus 5958:Aeolis 5706: 5700:624440 5698: 5665: 5659:626855 5657: 5615: 5512: 5491: 5456: 5437: 5402: 5381: 5307: 5245: 5213: 5192: 5173: 5167:497618 5165: 5112:Histos 5081: 5049: 4932: 4904: 4898:581027 4896: 4865: 4846: 4825: 4801: 4754: 4733: 4712: 4689: 4679: 4649: 4625: 4501: 4441: 4410: 4383: 4361:Ophion 4187: 4017:5.2.8. 3983:3.20.5 3710:6.138. 3465:1.28.3 3428:p. 173 3366:Ovid. 3179:7.7.10 3132:10.428 2724:Dimini 2720:Sesklo 2560:Lemnos 2554:Lemnos 2544:Dimini 2540:Sesklo 2531:Attica 2507:Attica 2454:Minoan 2446:, and 2398:, the 2390:, the 2386:, the 2382:, the 2347:, and 2341:Apollo 2333:Athena 2318:Lindos 2314:Delphi 2310:Thebes 2298:Cyrene 2282:Mycene 2274:Athens 2202:Attica 2194:Tiryns 2073:, and 2047:exonym 2005:parna- 1990:Palaic 1986:Luwian 1979:suffix 1959:θέντες 1866:Lesbos 1862:Epirus 1854:Peneus 1836:Strabo 1831:Strabo 1801:acorns 1754:Umbria 1730:Lesbos 1722:Euboea 1718:Phocis 1708:, the 1640:Lemnos 1617:Athens 1609:Attica 1589:Hellen 1563:Cranai 1512:Imbros 1508:Lemnos 1501:Hellas 1337:Lycaon 1323:ruled 1253:Danaus 1126:Pindus 1108:, the 1089:Lycaon 1087:' son 1077:Dodona 1009:" but 995:Strabo 991:Hesiod 986:Hesiod 980:Chania 926:Dodona 910:Greece 904:. The 890:Thrace 854:Peneus 741:plagos 594:Aegean 575:Greeks 571:Greece 567:Greeks 441:Church 128:Minoan 60:Greece 51:on the 34:, see 12532:Motto 12527:Flags 12431:Sport 12386:Nymph 12376:Satyr 12348:Jason 12314:Mormo 12309:Lamia 12289:Islam 12251:Gello 12139:Zilia 12075:Gaida 12039:Aulos 12021:Laïko 11942:Trata 11805:Music 11762:Media 11386:Dakos 11232:Halva 10995:Vraka 10955:Dress 10912:Women 10720:Ports 10224:Crime 9951:birds 9857:Lakes 9844:Water 9800:Crete 9778:Caves 9748:Evros 9678:Samos 9662:Chios 9636:Pella 9604:Drama 9566:Corfu 9530:Tilos 9510:Leros 9498:Kasos 9468:Tinos 9464:Syros 9456:Paros 9452:Naxos 9444:Milos 9432:Delos 9402:Crete 9268:Polis 9253:Kings 8660:Stoae 8628:Lists 8547:Oinòe 8470:coast 8468:South 8454:Tyras 8424:Olbia 8394:Kepoi 8347:coast 8345:North 8338:basin 8280:Aulon 8242:Rhode 8154:Barca 8044:Naxos 7999:Henna 7959:Akrai 7926:Taras 7911:Siris 7871:Medma 7866:Locri 7831:Cumae 7821:Chone 7799:Italy 7705:Koine 7683:Ionic 7673:Doric 7668:Attic 7489:Delos 7387:Music 7030:Homer 6985:Aesop 6937:Plato 6839:Poets 6509:Ephor 6461:Agora 6438:Tagus 6413:Boule 6162:Samos 6087:Argos 5993:Ionia 5978:Doris 5963:Crete 5763:Aones 5704:S2CID 5696:JSTOR 5663:S2CID 5655:JSTOR 5325:(PDF) 5171:S2CID 5163:JSTOR 5108:(PDF) 4902:S2CID 4894:JSTOR 4687:S2CID 4522:21–22 4337:43–44 4080:1824. 4000:7.2.2 3966:8.4.1 3949:8.1.6 3945:8.1.5 3928:8.1.4 3794:1.3.2 3648:2.56. 3632:2.51. 3512:1.56. 3440:Iliad 3432:Iliad 3202:5.2.4 3128:Iliad 3112:Iliad 3083:Iliad 3062:Iliad 3024:Iliad 3012:Iliad 2886:5.2.4 2705:Notes 2474:Some 2436:Welsh 2427:, an 2415:ends. 2392:Aones 2196:); "- 1942:Greek 1933:Greek 1878:Pyrgi 1870:Caere 1805:Arcas 1758:Velia 1742:Spina 1734:Macar 1706:Crete 1489:theoi 1422:Spina 1389:Iliad 1365:Niobe 1333:Niobe 1317:genos 1275:poet 1273:Roman 1233:Argos 1216:Heran 1165:Egypt 1161:Libya 1138:peras 1114:Egypt 972:Crete 964:Crete 930:Iliad 906:Iliad 863:Iliad 832:Homer 827:Poets 797:Greek 706:πέλας 653:stork 590:Crete 466:Music 12520:and 12518:Flag 12486:2004 12482:1906 12478:1896 12268:Flag 12154:Punk 12150:Rock 12087:Lyre 12079:Harp 11740:and 11473:Wine 11392:Meze 11352:Filo 11318:Feta 11280:Ouzo 11159:and 11073:and 10906:Roma 10882:Jews 10861:and 10350:Navy 10335:Army 10292:NATO 10039:1911 10035:1864 10031:1844 10027:1827 10023:1822 10013:2008 10009:2001 10005:1986 9949:and 9712:Elis 9586:Paxi 9544:Arta 9526:Symi 9325:and 9255:and 9227:and 9168:and 9159:and 9029:and 9011:and 8892:and 8587:Tium 8354:Akra 8295:Issa 7989:Gela 7861:Laüs 7836:Elea 7494:Dion 7346:Arts 7336:Wine 6962:Zeno 6559:Wars 5613:ISBN 5556:link 5542:2016 5510:ISBN 5489:ISBN 5454:ISBN 5435:OCLC 5400:ISBN 5379:ISBN 5361:2013 5305:ISBN 5243:ISBN 5211:ISBN 5190:ISBN 5079:ISBN 5047:ISBN 5029:link 4930:ISBN 4863:ISBN 4844:ISBN 4823:ISBN 4799:ISBN 4752:ISBN 4731:ISBN 4710:ISBN 4677:ISBN 4647:ISBN 4623:ISBN 4499:ISBN 4439:ISBN 4408:ISBN 4381:ISBN 4185:ISBN 3947:and 3894:1.19 3874:1.18 3854:1.17 3777:8.44 3743:7.94 3726:7.42 3664:5.26 3615:2.51 3444:3.75 3417:2.1. 3372:12.1 3045:Asia 3020:Troy 2835:2017 2748:ASCS 2542:and 2490:and 2244:and 2236:and 2224:-": 2218:deme 2208:and 1955:θεοί 1920:was 1823:and 1797:huts 1697:and 1689:and 1628:Actē 1510:and 1363:and 1361:Zeus 1331:and 1329:Zeus 1292:Jove 1277:Ovid 1271:The 1267:Ovid 1241:and 1163:and 948:and 922:Zeus 896:and 810:emic 803:and 636:and 616:and 12065:), 11706:), 11139:Art 10896:), 9502:Kos 9436:Kea 9370:), 7291:Law 5688:doi 5647:doi 5155:doi 4886:doi 4669:doi 4094:5–8 3039:in 2684:Rûm 2602:in 2355:or 2296:), 2284:), 2276:), 2260:), 2174:nth 2153:by 1752:to 1701:". 1452:of 1025:of 1003:not 999:oak 727:'s 647:to 436:Art 154:BC) 138:BC) 122:BC) 12595:: 12484:, 12480:, 12378:, 12374:, 12370:, 12366:, 12362:, 12358:, 12354:, 12350:, 12346:, 12342:, 12338:, 12334:, 12330:, 12266:, 12262:, 12238:, 12234:, 12230:, 12226:, 12222:, 12218:, 12214:, 12180:, 12137:, 12133:, 12129:, 12125:, 12121:, 12117:, 12113:, 12109:, 12105:, 12101:, 12097:, 12093:, 12089:, 12085:, 12081:, 12077:, 12073:, 12069:, 12061:, 12057:, 12053:, 12045:, 12041:, 12037:, 12003:, 11999:, 11995:, 11991:, 11987:, 11983:, 11979:, 11975:, 11956:, 11952:, 11948:, 11944:, 11940:, 11936:, 11932:, 11928:, 11924:, 11920:, 11916:, 11912:, 11908:, 11904:, 11900:, 11896:, 11892:, 11888:, 11884:, 11880:, 11876:, 11872:, 11868:, 11864:, 11860:, 11856:, 11852:, 11848:, 11844:, 11840:, 11836:, 11832:, 11828:, 11824:, 11730:, 11726:, 11722:, 11718:, 11714:, 11710:, 11688:, 11684:, 11670:, 11666:, 11662:, 11658:, 11639:, 11635:, 11631:, 11627:, 11623:, 11619:, 11615:, 11603:, 11582:, 11578:, 11574:, 11570:, 11566:, 11539:, 11535:, 11531:, 11527:, 11523:, 11519:, 11515:, 11511:, 11507:, 11503:, 11499:, 11495:, 11491:, 11487:, 11483:, 11479:, 11465:, 11461:, 11457:, 11441:, 11437:, 11433:, 11422:, 11418:, 11404:, 11400:, 11374:, 11370:, 11366:, 11362:, 11358:, 11344:, 11340:, 11336:, 11332:, 11328:, 11324:, 11320:, 11316:, 11302:, 11298:, 11294:, 11290:, 11286:, 11282:, 11278:, 11274:, 11258:, 11254:, 11250:, 11246:, 11242:, 11238:, 11234:, 11230:, 11219:, 11215:, 11211:, 11207:, 11096:, 11043:, 11039:, 10993:, 10989:, 10985:, 10981:, 10977:, 10973:, 10969:, 10965:, 10961:, 10904:, 10900:, 10888:, 10884:, 10880:, 10805:, 10801:, 10687:, 10541:, 10527:, 10523:, 10509:, 10505:, 10491:, 10416:, 10412:, 10037:, 10033:, 10029:, 10025:, 10011:, 10007:, 9886:, 9882:, 9878:, 9816:, 9812:, 9798:, 9794:, 9754:, 9750:, 9736:, 9732:, 9728:, 9724:, 9710:, 9706:, 9702:, 9698:, 9694:, 9690:, 9676:, 9672:, 9668:, 9664:, 9650:, 9646:, 9642:, 9638:, 9634:, 9630:, 9626:, 9622:, 9618:, 9614:, 9610:, 9606:, 9602:, 9588:, 9584:, 9580:, 9576:, 9572:, 9568:, 9554:, 9550:, 9546:, 9532:, 9528:, 9524:, 9520:, 9516:, 9512:, 9508:, 9504:, 9500:, 9496:, 9492:, 9488:, 9484:, 9480:, 9466:, 9462:, 9458:, 9454:, 9450:, 9446:, 9442:, 9438:, 9434:, 9430:, 9416:, 9412:, 9408:, 9394:, 9390:, 9386:, 9382:, 9378:, 9374:, 9366:, 9048:, 9007:, 6309:c. 6296:c. 6277:c. 6260:c. 5702:. 5694:. 5684:27 5682:. 5678:. 5661:. 5653:. 5643:54 5641:. 5552:}} 5548:{{ 5288:51 5286:. 5169:. 5161:. 5151:31 5149:. 5114:. 5110:. 5025:}} 5021:{{ 4900:. 4892:. 4882:36 4880:. 4783:. 4767:. 4685:. 4675:. 4493:. 4416:. 4363:". 4307:; 4303:; 4289:30 4015:, 3998:, 3981:, 3964:, 3943:, 3926:, 3909:, 3892:, 3881:^ 3872:, 3861:^ 3852:, 3835:^ 3826:, 3809:, 3792:, 3775:, 3741:, 3724:, 3708:, 3693:79 3662:, 3646:, 3630:, 3613:, 3510:, 3471:, 3458:, 3442:, 3411:, 3370:, 3244:^ 3200:, 3177:, 3130:, 3114:, 3085:, 3014:, 2989:^ 2884:, 2867:^ 2824:. 2760:PG 2756:BA 2752:ha 2442:, 2359:). 2343:, 2339:, 2335:, 2320:, 2316:, 2312:, 2300:, 2288:, 2222:ss 2212:, 2198:tt 2188:, 2184:, 2180:, 2061:. 1783:, 1720:, 1716:, 1671:, 1565:. 1530:c. 1528:, 1524:, 1514:. 1436:. 1412:, 1408:, 1367:. 1343:. 1285:: 1263:. 1225:. 1204:. 1198:' 1182:. 1171:. 1169:Io 1099:. 1044:: 1029:. 966:. 817:: 681:, 677:: 651:(" 620:. 549:, 537:, 533:: 378:) 374:, 149:c. 133:c. 117:c. 12488:) 12476:( 12382:) 12326:( 12300:) 12296:( 12270:) 12258:( 12242:) 12184:) 12176:( 12156:) 12152:( 12141:) 12049:( 12033:( 12027:) 12023:( 12007:) 11971:( 11960:) 11820:( 11734:) 11702:( 11698:( 11692:) 11680:( 11674:) 11654:( 11643:) 11611:( 11599:( 11586:( 11562:( 11543:) 11475:( 11469:) 11445:) 11426:) 11414:( 11408:) 11388:) 11384:( 11378:) 11354:( 11348:) 11312:( 11306:) 11262:) 11223:) 11182:) 11178:( 11172:) 11168:( 11153:) 11149:( 11100:) 11092:( 11047:) 10997:) 10957:( 10908:) 10892:( 10876:( 10865:) 10857:( 10809:) 10797:( 10756:) 10752:( 10736:) 10732:( 10691:) 10683:( 10672:) 10668:( 10662:) 10658:( 10642:) 10638:( 10632:) 10628:( 10545:) 10537:( 10531:) 10519:( 10513:) 10501:( 10495:) 10487:( 10481:) 10477:( 10471:) 10467:( 10420:) 10408:( 10402:) 10398:( 10361:) 10357:( 10288:) 10284:( 10230:) 10226:( 10118:) 10114:( 10092:) 10088:( 10082:) 10078:( 10072:) 10068:( 10041:) 10021:( 9928:) 9924:( 9890:) 9874:( 9820:) 9808:( 9802:) 9790:( 9758:) 9746:( 9740:) 9720:( 9714:) 9686:( 9680:) 9660:( 9654:) 9598:( 9592:) 9564:( 9558:) 9542:( 9536:) 9476:( 9470:) 9426:( 9420:) 9404:( 9398:) 9362:( 9358:( 9329:) 9321:( 9259:) 9251:( 9196:) 9192:( 9052:) 9044:( 8746:e 8739:t 8732:v 8170:) 8166:( 6307:( 6294:( 6275:( 6269:) 6258:( 6245:/ 5837:e 5830:t 5823:v 5739:e 5732:t 5725:v 5710:. 5690:: 5669:. 5649:: 5621:. 5558:) 5544:. 5518:. 5497:. 5462:. 5441:. 5408:. 5387:. 5363:. 5313:. 5266:. 5219:. 5198:. 5177:. 5157:: 5116:2 5087:. 5055:. 5031:) 4938:. 4908:. 4888:: 4871:. 4852:. 4831:. 4807:. 4787:. 4760:. 4739:. 4718:. 4693:. 4671:: 4655:. 4631:. 4576:. 4524:. 4507:. 4460:. 4447:. 4389:. 4339:. 4323:. 4275:. 4263:. 4193:. 4164:. 4152:. 4140:. 4096:. 4034:. 4032:1 4002:. 3985:. 3968:. 3951:. 3930:. 3913:. 3896:. 3876:. 3856:. 3830:. 3813:. 3796:. 3779:. 3745:. 3728:. 3695:. 3666:. 3485:. 3446:. 3374:. 3181:. 3134:. 2888:. 2837:. 2366:. 2292:( 2280:( 2272:( 2264:( 2256:( 1147:( 1040:( 856:. 673:( 529:( 514:e 507:t 500:v 370:( 147:( 131:( 115:( 38:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index