553:
1938:
1664:
1386:
1880:
1630:
1328:
400:) Genden urged for swift compulsory implementation of socialist economic policies such as forced collectivization, bans on private enterprise, the closure of monasteries and the forfeiture of their property. The policy proved disastrous as traditional herders were forced off the steppe and into badly managed collective farms, destroying one third of Mongolian livestock. Over 800 properties belonging to Mongolian nobles and Buddhist monasteries were confiscated and the heads of over 700
478:
troops in
Mongolia. Genden hoped to stave off Soviet domination by exploiting the diplomatic strain between the USSR and Japan to Mongolia's benefit, but the policy would later prove to be his undoing as accusations surfaced in 1936 that he was working on the side of the Japanese. Genden likewise hesitated on Stalin's recommendations that he elevate Mongolia's internal affairs committee to a fully independent ministry and that he increase the size of
2060:
1776:
1464:
62:
454:, then secretary of the MPRP Central Committee, as their leader. Genden, party leader Eldev-Ochir, and Security Directorate Chief D. Namsrai backed the subsequent investigation that saw several hundred innocent persons, including Lkhümbe, arrested. 56 were eventually executed (including pregnant women), 260 were jailed for three to ten years and 126 were sent to the
434:. This new policy in Mongolia included a reduction in taxes as well as lessened restrictions on private businesses and religious institutions. Genden's popularity increased as Mongolia's economy was strengthening and shortages were being reduced. For the first time since the revolution the government was in a more dominant position vis-à-vis the MPRP.
458:. The vast majority of those persecuted were Buryats. Public opinion at the time held that Genden and D. Namsrai, head of the Internal Affairs Committee, had initiated the affair to purge political enemies, but there is evidence that the affair was driven in large part by Soviet agents looking to weaken the Buryat population in Mongolia.
474:, whom Stalin called "the enemies within". Genden, a staunch Buddhist, was once quoted as saying "On earth there are two great geniuses – Buddha and Lenin." In 1933, Genden stated his intention to "not to fight against religion" and allowed Mongolian lamas to practice their religion in public, directly challenging Stalin's orders.
425:
in 1932 and winning over the Soviet leader. Through Moscow's support, Genden was named (Chairman of the
Assembly of People's Commissaries) on July 2, 1932, replacing the purged Jigjidjav. Genden was placed in charge of the implementation of Mongolia's "New Turn" or "New Reform" economic plan. The
477:
Suspicious of growing Soviet domination in
Mongolia, Genden actively postponed both a 1934 bilateral gentlemen's agreement, in which the USSR promised to protect Mongolia from potential invasion, as well as the 1936 "Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation" that allowed for the stationing of Soviet
376:, the small assembly that controlled day-to-day matters of state. This made him the effective head of state of Mongolia, a position he would hold from November 29, 1924, to November 15, 1927, and served concurrently as the chairman of the Central Bureau of Mongolia's Trade Unions.
519:
was appointed as the prime minister for the second time in Genden's place. With the purge of Genden, Choibalsan became Stalin's favored official in
Ulaanbaatar and was named head of the new Internal Affairs Ministry, effectively making him the most powerful person in Mongolia.
332:. His independent temperament, outspokenness (he became famous for fearlessly confronting Stalin during their public meetings in Moscow and was one of the few to stand up to Stalin's strong personality), and growing nationalist sentiments ultimately led to his
408:
broke out in several provinces between 1930 and 1932. In response, Moscow ordered the suspension of what it termed the "Leftist
Deviation" policies of the Mongolian government and in May 1932 several party leaders (including Badrah, Shijee, and Prime Minister
514:
reprimanded Genden for his actions in Moscow and accused him of sabotaging relations with the Soviet Union. He was subsequently removed from his offices of both the prime minister and the foreign minister and then placed under strict house arrest.
485:
In
December 1935, Genden was brought back to Moscow, where Stalin again rebuked him for failing multiple times to act on his guidance. Later, a heavily intoxicated Genden publicly scolded Stalin at a reception for the
575:
in his former residence in 1996. It offered information on the victims of the political prosecutions, which according to some estimates affected up to 14% of the population. The structure was demolished in 2019.
998:
490:, shouting "You bloody Georgian, you have become a virtual Russian Czar". Genden then reportedly slapped Stalin, broke his pipe, and hinted that Mongolia was considering an alliance with the
1097:
74:
1989:
2076:
2047:
2017:
561:
541:
2042:
2022:
442:
In 1933, a personal feud between two party functionaries led to trumped up accusations of widespread conspiring within the party with
Japanese spies, especially among
2116:
1959:
1090:
2151:
1994:
1860:
1954:
1925:
1303:
2086:
2027:
1605:
1106:
317:
2136:
2037:
1083:
2232:
2007:
1964:
572:
321:
324:
in the early 1930s. In 1932, he was granted Joseph Stalin's support to become prime minister, but then increasingly resisted pressure from Moscow to
2012:
1999:
2207:
2032:
2242:
552:
372:
took notice of his outspokenness and based on his recommendation Genden was elected chairman of the
Presidium of the State Small Khural or
470:, Stalin urged him to destroy Mongolia's Buddhist clergies. He told the Mongolian leader to exterminate more than 100,000 of his nation's
2222:
1853:
1358:
364:(MRYL), and a year later he was appointed acting head of his local cell. He attended the first session of the Mongolian Great Khural in
2192:
325:
2247:
1296:
426:
nation's new economic model was considered an easing of more strict communist economic principles. The plan was closely modeled on
1598:
506:, acting under orders from Stalin, organized the second plenary meeting of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party in March 1936 in
544:, Genden was executed in Moscow on November 26, 1937, for "his attempt to undertake a political coup and being a spy of Japan."
1869:
1846:
1368:
1353:
873:
844:
815:
786:
757:
728:
651:
2212:
1289:
528:
Genden was "invited" to the USSR, ostensibly for medical care, in April 1936. He then spent one year at the resort town of
361:
2227:
1591:
1316:
1618:
1030:
121:
2197:
954:
930:
902:
676:
564:, nearly two decades after his death. Genden's actions and history remained obscured in Mongolia until the country's
333:
540:
and under interrogation admitted to plotting with "lamaist reactionaries" and "Japanese spies." By order from the
2217:
329:
2237:
1943:
1669:
1391:
1245:
704:
626:
601:
405:
301:
2187:
1343:
1215:
966:
Display in Genden's office room, Memorial Museum for
Victims of Political Repression, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
2252:
2202:
1735:
565:
337:
1905:
1348:
487:
385:
276:
78:
1816:
1561:
1556:
1312:
1260:
1255:
1057:
975:
Display in Genden's office room, the Museum for
Victims of Political Repression, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
479:
313:
174:
1689:
1040:
166:
357:
353:
252:
2101:
2091:
2081:
1884:
1635:
1505:
1484:
1333:
1134:
1075:
142:
2126:
1494:
1174:
1149:
991:
393:
207:
195:
101:
2141:
2121:
2106:
1724:
1530:
1240:
922:
916:
466:
Ties between Stalin and Genden began to fray as early as 1934 when, at a meeting with Genden in
388:'s Central Committee from December 11, 1928, to June 30, 1932. Together with fellow secretaries
1984:
1969:
1895:
1791:
1763:
1709:
1694:
1679:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1426:
1169:
1023:
560:
Genden was declared a nonperson in Mongolia; however, he would be rehabilitated in 1956 by the
511:
503:
309:
203:
154:
1451:
2177:
1811:
1806:
1614:
1515:
1489:
1411:
1179:
1050:
410:
305:
219:
2182:
1915:
1900:
1747:
1650:
1520:
1431:
1401:
1373:
1250:
1230:
1189:
369:
8:
2156:
2146:
2111:
1796:
1719:
1535:
1446:
1225:
1210:
431:
1801:
1730:
1510:
1220:
401:
293:
1758:
1436:
1194:
2131:
2096:
1499:
1479:
1281:
1159:
1008:
950:
926:
898:
877:
869:
848:
840:
819:
811:
790:
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761:
753:
732:
724:
700:
672:
647:
622:
597:
397:
113:
1583:
1164:
1144:
451:
389:
199:
1525:
1441:
1235:
1139:
1752:
491:
341:
1838:
1910:
1741:
1699:
1363:
1128:
427:
20:
2171:
1184:
1122:
529:
443:
422:
1979:
1920:
1704:
1421:
1406:
1067:
516:
231:
999:
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Party
881:
852:
823:
794:
765:
736:
537:
507:
447:
365:
413:) were purged for trying to implement socialist measures "prematurely".
368:
in November 1924 as a delegate from Övörkhangai. There, Prime Minister
36:
24:
1645:
533:
1105:
320:, Genden was responsible for the swift compulsory implementation of
2065:
1879:
1781:
1469:
300:; 1892 or 1895 – November 26, 1937) was a political leader of the
446:. Several of those arrested and interrogated by Soviet agents in
40:
360:
in either 1892 or 1895 (sources differ). In 1922, he joined the
510:
to permanently remove Genden from office. Party members led by
467:
265:
562:
Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union
471:
455:
61:
1311:
1613:
122:
Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural
945:Brown, William A. and Onon, Urgunge (translators),
573:
Memorial Museum for Victims of Political Repression
542:
Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR
536:. In summer 1937, he was arrested during Stalin's
344:, he was executed in Moscow on November 26, 1937.
336:in March 1936. Accused of conspiring against the
1868:
421:Genden deftly survived the purge by meeting with
384:Genden served as one of three secretaries of the
2169:
918:Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire
1854:
1599:
1297:
1091:
671:. London: Hodder and Stoughton. p. 123.
312:was just the acting president) and the ninth
134:29 November 1924 – 15 November 1927
1861:
1847:
1606:
1592:
1304:
1290:
1098:
1084:
947:History of the Mongolian People's Republic
60:
2233:Mongolian expatriates in the Soviet Union
352:Peljidiin Genden was born in present-day
646:. London: Faber and Faber. p. 235.
551:
347:
79:People's Revolutionary Party of Mongolia
75:First Secretary of the Central Committee
1108:Leaders of the Mongolian People's Party
616:
591:
404:households were executed. As a result,
2170:
1035:November 29, 1924 – November 15, 1927
914:
694:
666:
641:
386:Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
277:Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party
91:13 March 1930 – 13 March 1931
1842:
1587:
1285:
1079:
437:
2208:Mongolian People's Party politicians
921:. New York: Facts on File. pp.
690:
688:
571:His daughter Tserendulam opened the
379:
362:Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League
187:2 July 1932 – 22 March 1936
461:
13:
2223:Chairmen of the State Great Khural
502:Upon Genden's return to Mongolia,
304:who served as the country's first
14:
2264:
2193:Great Purge victims from Mongolia
1574:* indicates acting officeholders.
895:Historical Dictionary of Mongolia
685:
619:Historical Dictionary of Mongolia
594:Historical Dictionary of Mongolia
556:Genden's former residence in 2017
547:
416:
2248:Mongolian people executed abroad
2243:People from Övörkhangai Province
2058:
1936:
1878:
1829:* indicate acting officeholders.
1774:
1662:
1628:
1462:
1384:
1326:
621:. Scarecrow Press. p. 117.
326:liquidate institutional Buddhism
16:Mongolian politician (1892–1937)
969:
960:
939:
908:
887:
858:
829:
669:Lost Country, Mongolia Revealed
596:. Scarecrow Press. p. 76.
1003:13 March 1930 – 13 March 1931
800:
771:
742:
713:
660:
635:
610:
585:
263:November 26, 1937 (aged 42–45)
1:
1870:Foreign Ministers of Mongolia
1274:indicate acting officeholders
1062:July 2, 1932 – March 2, 1936
699:. Monsudar Pub. p. 325.
579:
566:democratic revolution in 1990
316:(1932–1936). As one of three
915:Atwood, Christopher (2004).
617:Sanders, Alan J. K. (1996).
592:Sanders, Alan J. K. (1996).
330:Soviet influence in Mongolia
255:, Outer Mongolia, Qing China
7:
2213:Prime ministers of Mongolia
1944:Mongolian People's Republic
1906:Gonchigjalzangiin Badamdorj
1670:Mongolian People's Republic
1392:Mongolian People's Republic
1313:Prime ministers of Mongolia
322:socialist economic policies
302:Mongolian People's Republic
10:
2269:
2228:Heads of state of Mongolia
1615:Heads of state of Mongolia
1261:Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
1216:Büdragchaagiin Dash-Yondon
1058:Prime Minister of Mongolia
175:prime minister of Mongolia
18:
2056:
1934:
1876:
1825:
1772:
1660:
1626:
1570:
1460:
1382:
1324:
1269:
1246:Ölziisaikhany Enkhtüvshin
1203:
1115:
1064:
1055:
1047:
1037:
1031:Head of state of Mongolia
1028:
1020:
1015:
1005:
996:
988:
983:
497:
334:Soviet-orchestrated purge
297:
283:
272:
259:
246:
241:
237:
225:
213:
191:
180:
172:
160:
148:
138:
127:
119:
107:
95:
84:
72:
68:
59:
48:
2198:Executed prime ministers
2102:Luvsangiin Erdenechuluun
2092:Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal
2082:Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan
1990:Nantayshiriyn Lkhamsüren
1885:Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
1636:Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
1334:Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
1135:Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj
984:Party political offices
523:
143:Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj
2127:Gombojavyn Zandanshatar
2077:Tserenpiliyn Gombosüren
2048:Tserenpiliyn Gombosüren
2018:Puntsagiyn Shagdarsüren
1175:Khas-Ochiryn Luvsandorj
1150:Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir
1041:Jamtsangiin Damdinsüren
992:Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir
667:Becker, Jasper (1992).
394:Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir
208:Khas-Ochiryn Luvsandorj
196:Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir
167:Jamtsangiin Damdinsüren
102:Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir
2218:Soviet rehabilitations
1985:Khorloogiin Choibalsan
1970:Khorloogiin Choibalsan
1960:Vaanchingiyn Dorligjav
1896:Mijiddorjiin Khanddorj
1170:Dorjjavyn Luvsansharav
1024:Navaandorjiin Jadambaa
644:The Bloody White Baron
642:Palmer, James (2008).
557:
512:Dorjjavyn Luvsansharav
504:Khorloogiin Choibalsan
310:Navaandorjiin Jadambaa
204:Dorjjavyn Luvsansharav
155:Navaandorjiin Jadambaa
2238:Communism in Mongolia
2152:Nyamtseren Enkhtaivan
1995:Bayaryn Jargalsaikhan
1256:Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
1180:Banzarjavyn Baasanjav
1051:Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav
893:Sanders, Alan J. K.,
555:
411:Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav
348:Early life and career
328:and permit increased
220:Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav
2188:Mongolian communists
2142:Tsendiin Mönkh-Orgil
2122:Sükhbaataryn Batbold
2117:Sanjaasürengiyn Oyun
2107:Tsendiin Mönkh-Orgil
1955:Khanjiyn Givaabaljir
1926:Khanjiyn Givaabaljir
1916:Balingiin Tserendorj
1901:Balingiin Tserendorj
1251:Miyeegombyn Enkhbold
1241:Sükhbaataryn Batbold
1231:Miyeegombyn Enkhbold
1190:Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal
370:Balingiin Tserendorj
358:Övörkhangai Province
253:Khujirt, Övörkhangai
2253:Executed communists
2203:Executed presidents
2157:Battsetseg Batmunkh
2147:Damdiny Tsogtbaatar
2112:Nyamaagiin Enkhbold
2043:Mangalyn Dügersüren
2023:Mangalyn Dügersüren
1226:Natsagiin Bagabandi
1211:Gombojavyn Ochirbat
866:History of Mongolia
837:History of Mongolia
808:History of Mongolia
779:History of Mongolia
750:History of Mongolia
721:History of Mongolia
697:History of Mongolia
695:Baabar, B. (1999).
480:Mongolia's military
432:New Economic Policy
340:and spying for the
2087:Shukher Altangerel
2028:Luvsandorjiyn Toiv
1221:Nambaryn Enkhbayar
1016:Political offices
558:
438:The Lkhümbe Affair
2165:
2164:
2137:Lundeg Purevsuren
2132:Luvsanvandan Bold
2097:Nyam-Osoryn Tuyaa
2038:Lodongiyn Rinchin
1836:
1835:
1581:
1580:
1279:
1278:
1160:Zolbingiin Shijee
1074:
1073:
1065:Succeeded by
1038:Succeeded by
1009:Zolbingiin Shijee
1006:Succeeded by
874:978-99929-0-038-3
845:978-99929-0-038-3
816:978-99929-0-038-3
787:978-99929-0-038-3
758:978-99929-0-038-3
729:978-99929-0-038-3
653:978-0-571-23023-5
488:Mongolian Embassy
398:Zolbingiin Shijee
380:Leftist Deviation
287:
286:
192:General Secretary
139:General Secretary
114:Zolbingiin Shijee
54:
2260:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2008:Dashiyn Adilbish
2004:
1975:Peljidiin Genden
1965:Ganjuuryn Gursed
1948:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1236:Sanjaagiin Bayar
1155:Peljidiin Genden
1140:Ajvaagiin Danzan
1109:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1048:Preceded by
1021:Preceded by
989:Preceded by
981:
980:
976:
973:
967:
964:
958:
943:
937:
936:
912:
906:
891:
885:
862:
856:
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827:
804:
798:
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769:
746:
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711:
710:
692:
683:
682:
664:
658:
657:
639:
633:
632:
614:
608:
607:
589:
462:Resisting Stalin
318:MPRP secretaries
299:
298:Пэлжидийн Гэндэн
290:Peljidiin Genden
242:Personal details
228:
216:
185:
163:
151:
132:
110:
98:
89:
64:
53:Пэлжидийн Гэндэн
52:
50:Peljidiin Genden
46:
45:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2069:(1992–present)
2068:
2059:
2057:
2052:
2013:Sonomyn Avarzed
2002:
2000:Sandavyn Ravdan
1946:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1887:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1837:
1832:
1821:
1784:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1715:vacant, 1939–40
1672:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1638:
1629:
1627:
1622:
1612:
1582:
1577:
1566:
1472:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1394:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1310:
1280:
1275:
1265:
1199:
1195:Jambyn Batmönkh
1111:
1107:
1104:
1070:
1061:
1053:
1043:
1034:
1026:
1011:
1002:
994:
979:
974:
970:
965:
961:
944:
940:
933:
913:
909:
892:
888:
863:
859:
834:
830:
805:
801:
776:
772:
747:
743:
718:
714:
707:
693:
686:
679:
665:
661:
654:
640:
636:
629:
615:
611:
604:
590:
586:
582:
550:
526:
500:
492:Empire of Japan
464:
440:
430:'s 1921 Soviet
419:
382:
350:
308:(1924 to 1927;
273:Political party
264:
251:
226:
214:
206:
202:
198:
186:
181:
161:
149:
133:
128:
108:
96:
90:
85:
55:
51:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2266:
2256:
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2240:
2235:
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2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
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2185:
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2163:
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2160:
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2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2033:Daramyn Yondon
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1911:Dogsomyn Bodoo
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1785:(1992–present)
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1717:
1712:
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1495:Narantsatsralt
1492:
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1473:(1992–present)
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1198:
1197:
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1187:
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1172:
1167:
1165:Jambyn Lkhümbe
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1145:Ölziin Badrakh
1142:
1137:
1132:
1129:Dogsomyn Bodoo
1125:
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583:
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548:Rehabilitation
546:
525:
522:
499:
496:
463:
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452:Jambyn Lkhümbe
439:
436:
428:Vladimir Lenin
418:
417:Prime minister
415:
390:Ölziin Badrakh
381:
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349:
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314:prime minister
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21:Mongolian name
15:
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1402:B. Tserendorj
1400:
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1375:
1374:B. Tserendorj
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1359:S. Tserendorj
1357:
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1185:Dashiin Damba
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1126:
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1123:Soliin Danzan
1121:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1101:
1096:
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957:. p 813, n94.
956:
955:0-674-39862-9
952:
948:
942:
934:
932:0-8160-4671-9
928:
924:
920:
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904:
903:0-8108-3077-9
900:
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678:0-340-55665-X
674:
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489:
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469:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
435:
433:
429:
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423:Joseph Stalin
414:
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407:
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345:
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88:
83:
80:
76:
71:
67:
63:
58:
47:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
2178:1890s births
1980:Anandyn Amar
1974:
1921:Anandyn Amar
1888:(1911–1924)
1714:
1684:
1547:Saikhanbileg
1541:Terbishdagva
1416:
1271:
1204:1990–present
1154:
1127:
1068:Anandyn Amar
1056:
1029:
997:
971:
962:
946:
941:
917:
910:
894:
889:
865:
864:Baabar, B.,
860:
836:
835:Baabar, B.,
831:
807:
806:Baabar, B.,
802:
778:
777:Baabar, B.,
773:
749:
748:Baabar, B.,
744:
720:
719:Baabar, B.,
715:
696:
668:
662:
643:
637:
618:
612:
593:
587:
570:
559:
527:
517:Anandyn Amar
501:
484:
476:
465:
441:
420:
383:
373:
356:district of
351:
289:
288:
250:1892 or 1895
232:Anandyn Amar
227:Succeeded by
182:
162:Succeeded by
129:
109:Succeeded by
86:
32:
28:
2183:1937 deaths
1690:Damdinsüren
1673:(1924–1992)
1639:(1911–1924)
1562:Oyun-Erdene
1536:Altankhuyag
1485:Enkhsaikhan
1452:Byambasüren
1395:(1924–1992)
1369:Damdinbazar
1354:Damdinbazar
1344:Namnansüren
1337:(1911–1924)
538:Great Purge
508:Ulaanbaatar
448:Ulaanbaatar
406:open revolt
396:(and later
374:Baga Khural
366:Ulaanbaatar
279:(1922–1936)
215:Preceded by
150:Preceded by
97:Preceded by
41:family name
2172:Categories
1947:(1924–92)
1817:Khürelsükh
1736:Dügersüren
1695:Choibalsan
1651:Tserendorj
1557:Khürelsükh
1506:Amarjargal
1447:Gungaadorj
1427:Choibalsan
706:9992900385
628:0810844346
603:0810844346
580:References
338:revolution
37:patronymic
25:given name
1807:Elbegdorj
1802:Enkhbayar
1797:Bagabandi
1748:Tsedenbal
1646:Bogd Khan
1552:Erdenebat
1516:Elbegdorj
1511:Enkhbayar
1490:Elbegdorj
1432:Tsedenbal
1412:Jigjidjav
1349:Badamdorj
1116:1921–1990
884:. p. 348
882:515691746
853:515691746
826:. p. 322
824:515691746
797:. p. 345
795:515691746
768:. p. 332
766:515691746
739:. p. 329
737:515691746
534:Black Sea
450:fingered
306:president
294:Mongolian
183:In office
130:In office
87:In office
2066:Mongolia
2003:(acting)
1812:Battulga
1792:Ochirbat
1782:Mongolia
1764:Ochirbat
1759:Batmönkh
1753:Jagvaral
1720:Bumtsend
1680:Jadambaa
1521:Enkhbold
1470:Mongolia
1437:Batmönkh
949:, 1976,
897:, 1996,
868:, 1999,
855:. p. 349
839:, 1999,
810:, 1999,
781:, 1999,
752:, 1999,
723:, 1999,
342:Japanese
39:, not a
19:In this
1725:Yanjmaa
1531:Batbold
1272:Italics
532:on the
444:Buryats
354:Khujirt
77:of the
2063:
1941:
1779:
1742:Luvsan
1731:Sambuu
1710:Dogsom
1700:Laagan
1685:Genden
1667:
1633:
1480:Jasrai
1467:
1442:Sodnom
1417:Genden
1389:
1331:
953:
929:
901:
880:
872:
851:
843:
822:
814:
793:
785:
764:
756:
735:
727:
703:
675:
650:
625:
600:
498:Purged
468:Moscow
266:Moscow
33:Peljid
29:Genden
23:, the
1526:Bayar
1500:Tuyaa
1364:Bodoo
530:Foros
524:Death
472:lamas
402:noble
35:is a
1705:Amar
1619:List
1422:Amar
1407:Amar
1317:List
951:ISBN
927:ISBN
899:ISBN
878:OCLC
870:ISBN
849:OCLC
841:ISBN
820:OCLC
812:ISBN
791:OCLC
783:ISBN
762:OCLC
754:ISBN
733:OCLC
725:ISBN
701:ISBN
673:ISBN
648:ISBN
623:ISBN
598:ISBN
456:USSR
392:and
260:Died
247:Born
173:9th
120:2nd
73:7th
923:196
27:is
2174::
925:.
876:,
847:,
818:,
789:,
760:,
731:,
687:^
568:.
494:.
482:.
296::
31:.
1862:e
1855:t
1848:v
1755:*
1744:*
1738:*
1727:*
1653:*
1621:)
1617:(
1607:e
1600:t
1593:v
1543:*
1502:*
1319:)
1315:(
1305:e
1298:t
1291:v
1099:e
1092:t
1085:v
935:.
905:.
709:.
681:.
656:.
631:.
606:.
292:(
43:.
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