608:, as it was thought that any action by the Marines would lead to the deaths of the prisoners. The United States planned to use them only to seize the custom-houses of Morocco, which supplied much of the nation's revenue, if the Moroccan government did not fulfill the demands of the United States. It insisted the government make the concessions necessary to persuade Raisuni to release Perdicaris, and to attack Raisuni if Perdicaris were killed. The only Marines to land in Morocco were a small detachment of four men, carrying only
721:
2114:
162:
56:
229:
felt obliged to react on his behalf in
Morocco. Ultimately, he dispatched seven warships and several Marine companies to Tangier to convince the Sultan to accede to Raisuni's demands. Western European nations also reacted with force, with the United Kingdom, France, and Spain sending ships to prevent
962:
History of the City of
Trenton, New Jersey: Embracing a Period of Nearly Two Hundred Years, Commencing in 1676, the First Settlement of the Town, and Extending Up to the Present Time, with Official Records of the Population, Extent of the Town at Different Periods, Its Manufactories, Church History,
712:
Despite the circumstances, Perdicaris came to admire and befriend
Raisuni, who had pledged to protect his prisoner from any harm. Perdicaris later said: "I go so far as to say that I do not regret having been his prisoner for some time... He is not a bandit, not a murderer, but a patriot forced into
426:
on 16 May. Late on 18 May 1904, Perdicaris and Varley were abducted from their summer home by Ahmed al-Raisuni and a group of bandits (estimates of their number range from nine to one-hundred and fifty). His men cut the telephone lines, knocked out several of
Perdicaris's servants, and left Ellen at
362:
in New York City, but it was unsuccessful. After 1884, he lived permanently in
Tangier. He became the unofficial head of Tangier's foreign community. Serving as president of the Hygienic Commission in Tangier, he helped organize construction of a modern sanitation system for the city. The commission
528:
to the city. On 21 May, representatives from the sultan were sent to begin negotiations with the captors. By 25 May, negotiations had yet to achieve anything. On 29 May, Raisuni threatened to kill the prisoners if his demands were not met in two days. The incident revealed internal tensions, as the
665:
left
Gibraltar on 7 June. That same day, President Roosevelt received confirmation that Perdicaris had registered in Athens as a Greek citizen. Negotiations continued and on 8 May, the Sultan granted Raisuni's demands, appointing Herid el Barrada as governor of Tangier. Angry tribesmen raided the
619:
On 30 May, A. H. Slocomb sent a letter to John Hay, claiming that
Perdicaris was no longer an American citizen, having taken Greek citizenship. Though Roosevelt's resolve weakened, he decided to continue with the negotiations, as Raisuni believed that Perdicaris was an American citizen. Roosevelt
349:
around 1884, with Ellen's two sons and two daughters from her first marriage. She and her family were all
British subjects. Perdicaris purchased a summer house there in 1877 known as Aidonia, or the "Place of Nightingales", as he collected a menagerie of exotic animals. Perdicardis dabbled in the
669:
On 19 June the Sultan accepted
Raisuni's demands, with the date of release of captives set for 21 June. On 20 June, a hitch in negotiations occurred. Zelai, governor of an inland tribe, refused to act as intermediary. On 21 or 22 June the ransom money was deposited. On 22 June, Raisuni demanded
666:
home of an
Englishman. Negotiations dragged on. The government removed its troops from Raisuni's region on 9 June. On 14 June, an attempt was made to kidnap the Italian consul. On 15 June, Raisuni increased his demands to be given control of six, rather than two districts of Morocco.
477:'s wealthiest districts (later increased to six). Raisuni later added the stipulation that the United States and England must guarantee meeting these demands. Perdicaris was taken to a village on Mount Nazul, where tribes friendly to Raisuni lived.
981:
795:. In the story, the character "Burdick Harris," a Greek citizen, stands for him. ("Bur-dick-Harris" is a play on "Per-dic-aris", as the names rhyme, if pronounced as the author intended). The humorous story was written shortly after the incident.
374:
in Morocco. Mathews had refused to prosecute a Moroccan for rape who was under American protégé status. Perdicaris also wrote and distributed a pamphlet entitled "American Claims and the Protection of Native Subjects in Morocco" in
442:
Mr. Perdicaris, most prominent American citizen here, and his stepson Mr. Varley, British subject, were carried off last night from their country house, three miles from Tangier, by a numerous band of natives headed by Raisuly
705:. After his release, Perdicaris admitted he was no longer an American citizen. While he had received Greek citizenship, he never lived in Athens for the required two years, and never renounced his American citizenship. The
628:
to join the U.S. in a combined military action to rescue Perdicaris, but the two countries refused. Instead, the two powers were covertly recruited to put pressure on the Sultan to accept Raisuni's demands. On 2 June the
941:
363:
was said to act as the "chief foreign-controlled organization in Tangier, actually a government within a government". He also maintained business interests in England and the United States, frequently visiting New York.
681:: "We want Perdicaris alive or Raisuni dead." While it was clear that the convention would nominate the incumbent Roosevelt as the Republican candidate, Hay's statement electrified the Convention. One
222:
Born in Greece in 1840 to the American ambassador and his wife, Perdicaris grew up mostly in New Jersey in the United States and was an American citizen. He had been living in Tangier since the 1870s.
211:. During lengthy negotiations, he increased his demands to control of six districts. The historical importance of the affair lay not in the kidnapping itself but in the concentration of naval power in
342:. Varley was away on cable business. Ellen and Perdicaris began an affair that resulted in Ellen leaving her husband. The Varleys formally divorced in 1873 and Ellen married Perdicaris the same year.
713:
acts of brigandage to save his native soil and his people from the yoke of tyranny." Several twenty-first century historians, such as Jeffrey D. Simon, suggested that Perdicaris displayed
465:
55,000 ransom (later raised to $ 70,000); removal of government troops from the region and an end to alleged harassment of the Riffian people; the removal, arrest, and imprisonment of the
762:. He occasionally returned to Trenton, where he maintained business interests. Perdicaris Place, off West State Street in Trenton, is named for him and his father. Ion Perdicaris died in
541:
was ordered to dispatch three additional ships. When a messenger from the Sultan arrived at Raisuni's camp, he was sold to the highest bidder, and was executed by having his throat slit.
42:
709:
concluded that Perdicaris had not "ever effectively acquired Greek, nor divested himself of American, citizenship." He was later issued a United States passport as an American citizen.
571:
arrived, and France assured the United States they would do "all in their power to rescue the prisoners". On 1 June the ransom demand was increased to $ 70,000. Jewell arrived with
1561:
685:
delegate exclaimed, "Roosevelt and Hay know what they're doing. Our people like courage. We'll stand for anything those men do." After being nominated, Roosevelt easily won
1531:
284:, Greece, while his father was serving as ambassador. The family returned to the United States in 1846, where the father at one time was a professor of Greek at
779:
mentioned the crisis in his biography of John Hay. In 1975, Thomas H. Etzold described the kidnapping as "the most famous protection case in American history."
397:
in Macedonia, when a group of missionaries were successfully held hostage for a ransom. In 1903, after five of his men were captured by the government, he held
383:
for this). Through Perdicaris' crusading, the incident made national headlines in the United States, and Mathews was removed from his position in March 1887.
747:
published editorials suggesting that France had to 'impose order' in the country. France intervened several times in Morocco's affairs in ensuing decades.
269:
815:
as Roosevelt. However, to add some glamour to the tale, the 64-year-old bearded hostage was replaced with attractive young "Eden Pedecaris", played by
741:
The Sultan of Morocco was required to pay the $ 70,000 ransom, and a further $ 4,000 to the United States to cover its expenses. Newspapers including
658:
arrived, due to fears that the United States might force Morocco to give them a port. In response to the request of the British minister in Morocco,
1082:
Woolman, Davis (October 1997). "Did Theodore Roosevelt overreact when an American was kidnapped in Morocco? Were seven warships really necessary?".
670:
another district for his control. Though a settlement had already been reached, a cable from Gummeré accused the Sultan of holding up negotiations.
1354:
823:(who were not present in Morocco at the time), but it succeeded in presenting the personality of Raisuni and his interaction with his prisoners.
2161:
1220:
775:
The details of the incident (especially the fact that Perdicaris's U.S. citizenship was in doubt) were kept secret until 1933, when historian
319:. The younger Perdicaris, who was living in Athens, "registered" as a Greek subject in order to avoid confiscation or being drafted into the
1460:
2176:
379:
in response to the issue. The government arrested and fined Perdicaris for shielding a Moroccan from arrest. (Later he sought and received
612:. They were ordered to protect the Consulate and Mrs. Perdicaris. Two other U.S. Marines were dispatched on 8 June to protect the Belgian
621:
494:
686:
1141:
1907:
Baepler, Paul (October 1999). "Rewriting the Barbary Captivity Narrative: The Perdicaris Affair and the Last Barbary Pirate".
558:
reached Tangier on 30 May, and Admiral Chadwick had a conference with the Sultan's representative. The next day, the gunboats
2098:
2079:
1826:
438:
The consul of Great Britain was also notified. On 19 May, a cable from Gummeré reached the United States. It read, in part:
17:
245:
Roosevelt's display of force in this incident is credited with helping the incumbent president win re-election later in
1036:
1875:
1751:
1632:
246:
280:. In 1837, he returned to Greece, serving as the American ambassador. In 1840, his son Ion Perdicaris was born in
2181:
772:
Raisuni used the money he gained from ransoming Perdicaris to build his palace, nick-named the "House of Tears".
2137:
2056:
2035:
674:
239:
223:
1284:
538:
316:
203:. Raisuni, leader of several hill tribes, demanded a ransom of $ 70,000, safe conduct, and control of two of
1771:
1225:
308:
659:
591:
293:
265:
652:
645:
1234:
730:
334:
in 1868, before moving to England. There he studied electricity and related engineering. In 1871 in
2171:
2156:
407:
in Morocco, as hostage in exchange for the release of his men. After that success Raisuni targeted
967:
734:
636:
arrived in port, and tensions rose to the point that there were fears of an uprising in the city.
55:
1989:
Etzold, Thomas H. (February 1975). "Protection or Politics? "Perdicaris Alive or Raisuli Dead"".
517:
512:
Hay described the demands as "preposterous". The following day the United States ordered Admiral
335:
320:
328:
After the war ended, Perdicaris lived in Trenton with his father. He published some articles in
792:
755:
630:
419:
408:
386:
315:, the family's estate in South Carolina was in danger of confiscation by the government of the
261:
192:
188:
148:
121:
37:
2124:
1865:
1622:
1057:
803:
513:
449:]. . . I earnestly request that a man-of-war be sent at once. . . situation most serious.
351:
329:
250:
2166:
2129:
1191:
678:
585:
559:
545:
458:
398:
359:
208:
141:
601:. At the time, the gathering was the most numerous of American ships in any foreign port.
457:, Perdicaris's horse fell and he broke his leg. Raisuni demanded of the Sultan of Morocco
8:
2046:
842:
701:
692:
Perdicaris wrote a narrative of his captivity while held by Raisuni. It was published in
579:
422:, his wife, and Cromwell Varley had moved to his summer home, Aidonia, from his house in
289:
960:
2002:
1977:
1766:
1741:
837:
819:. The film incorrectly showed US Marines invading Morocco and battling soldiers of the
743:
714:
694:
566:
552:
506:
486:
470:
312:
300:
285:
235:
226:
903:
2094:
2075:
2068:
2052:
2031:
2014:
2006:
1981:
1969:
1961:
1932:
1924:
1871:
1747:
1628:
1032:
725:
598:
572:
502:
498:
432:
394:
216:
2118:
1998:
1953:
1916:
758:
and his family moved to England shortly after the incident, eventually settling in
706:
609:
605:
1830:
832:
798:
The story of Ion Perdicaris's kidnapping was loosely adapted to film in the 1975
759:
720:
249:. After being released, Perdicaris moved with his family to England, settling in
185:
501:, dealt with the crisis. He diverted seven of the sixteen American ships in the
816:
799:
462:
371:
350:
arts and retained some ties to the US: In 1876, he exhibited a painting at the
338:, England, Perdicaris met Ellen Varley, wife of the British telegraph engineer
277:
273:
2018:
1973:
1936:
1920:
1136:
268:, was sponsored in 1826 as a young Greek to study in the United States by the
2150:
2010:
1965:
1928:
820:
776:
390:
380:
276:
citizen of the United States and married the daughter of a wealthy family in
153:
33:
1746:. Internet Archive. Guilford, Conn. : Lyons Press. pp. XIII, 104.
905:
Roosevelt and the sultans: the United States Navy in the Mediterranean, 1904
689:. Perdicaris was home by 24 June, after most of Raisuni's demands were met.
242:
in June 1904 that "This government wants Perdicaris alive or Raisuni dead."
808:
595:
590:, bringing the total American ships in Tangier to seven, manned by several
521:
355:
1789:
1711:
1648:
812:
339:
1944:
Davis, Harold E. (December 1941). "The Citizenship of John Perdicaris".
1562:"Bandit Raisuli Demands Another Province Before Releasing His Prisoners"
505:
on a "goodwill cruise" to Tangier. Angered by the kidnapping, President
367:
181:
91:
469:
of Tangier and several other government officials; release of certain
525:
403:
304:
296:
became wealthy as one of the organizers of the Trenton Gas Company.
191:(1840–1925) and his stepson, Cromwell Varley, a British subject, by
2091:
Sacred Interests: The United States and the Islamic World 1821-1921
1957:
1091:
788:
613:
534:
490:
299:
For many years, Ion lived the life of a dilettante. He entered the
231:
866:
The money was to be raised by selling the property of his enemies.
427:
the house. She later was able to contact the embassy, and at 11:00
474:
423:
346:
212:
204:
200:
196:
161:
81:
77:
1775:, August 1959; later republished in Tuchman's essay compilation
537:
were credited with progress in the negotiations. That same day,
766:
in 1925. Perdicaris published an autobiography in 1921, titled
763:
682:
625:
530:
529:
foreign minister of Morocco allied with Raisuni's enemies. The
376:
281:
101:
1397:
2045:
Morris, Edmund (2001). "The Wire That Ran Around the World".
1267:
1265:
466:
1577:
1575:
1370:
1368:
1029:
Llewellyn Castle: A Worker's Cooperative on the Great Plains
485:
When the United States was notified of the kidnapping, the
393:
near Tangier. He was influenced by the success of the 1901
1884:
1845:
1262:
787:"Hostages to Momus", a short story by the American author
1678:
1572:
1365:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
454:
445:
1604:
1602:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
921:
919:
917:
915:
908:(PhD dissertation). University of Massachusetts Amherst.
2093:. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.
1743:
House of tears: westerners' adventures in Islamic lands
1695:
1693:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1471:
1145:, Oxford University Press, 2004. Accessed 23 July 2005.
885:
883:
1666:
1512:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1148:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
673:
Seeing the need to act, Hay issued a statement to the
1807:
1721:
1599:
1542:
1483:
1438:
1380:
1241:
1117:
1031:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 81.
999:
912:
604:
They were not to be used without express orders from
1690:
1495:
966:. W. T. Nicholson & Company, printers. pp.
880:
270:
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
1587:
1409:
1295:
1167:
1098:
207:'s wealthiest districts from the Sultan of Morocco
2067:
1909:Prospects: An Annual of American Cultural Studies
1624:The Republicans: A History of the Grand Old Party
2148:
520:to Tangier. On 20 May, the British dispatched a
1361:. 24 June 1904 – via Chronicling America.
1062:. Harper's Magazine Company. 1904. p. 853.
358:. In 1879, Perdicardis produced a play at the
311:in Paris for a time. In 1862, because of the
2051:. New York: Random House. pp. 323–338.
1863:
729:illustrating the arrival of French cruisers
1712:"1904: 'Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead!'"
54:
2074:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
2030:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
370:against Felix Mathews, then the American
366:In 1886, Perdicaris filed a complaint of
303:class of 1860 but left at the end of his
1627:. Oxford University Press. p. 129.
1137:"Varley, Cromwell Fleetwood (1828–1883)"
901:
719:
453:As Raisuni's group traveled through the
160:
2088:
1915:. Cambridge University Press: 177–211.
1906:
1890:
1851:
1769:, "Perdicaris Alive or Raisuli Dead!".
1672:
1518:
1432:
1316:
1271:
1218:
1161:
1142:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1081:
1014:
942:"Rich American is Kidnapped by Bandits"
925:
480:
14:
2149:
2044:
1988:
1813:
1739:
1727:
1684:
1608:
1581:
1548:
1489:
1444:
1403:
1391:
1374:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1256:
1123:
889:
215:and what it meant for the politics of
2162:Diplomatic crises of the 20th century
2065:
1943:
1699:
1620:
1593:
1506:
1477:
1455:
1453:
1420:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1214:
1212:
1178:
1111:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
2025:
1864:Pfeiffer, Lee; Lisa, Philip (2001).
1304:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1026:
958:
936:
934:
791:, was inspired by the kidnapping of
639:
60:US newspaper cartoon on the incident
2125:"Mr. Gummeré Gets Perdicaris Alive"
2115:Works by or about Perdicaris affair
1777:Practicing History: Selected Essays
1219:Tuchman, Barbara W. (August 1959).
473:; and cession of control of two of
24:
2003:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1975.tb00027.x
1621:Gould, Lewis L. (29 August 2014).
1450:
1322:
1221:"Perdicaris Alive or Raisuli Dead"
1209:
1066:
782:
195:and his bandits on 18 May 1904 in
25:
2193:
2108:
1532:"Tangier Incident Excites Europe"
1045:
931:
431:pm, the American Consul General,
902:Hourihan, William James (1975).
717:in identifying with his captor.
2177:Morocco–United States relations
1900:
1857:
1819:
1782:
1760:
1733:
1705:
1649:"Presidential Election of 1904"
1641:
1614:
1554:
1524:
1277:
1184:
1129:
860:
1870:. Citadel Press. p. 140.
1020:
974:
952:
895:
675:Republican National Convention
509:reacted with a show of force.
240:Republican National Convention
13:
1:
1946:The Journal of Modern History
848:
539:Theodore Frelinghuysen Jewell
414:
317:Confederate States of America
256:
1285:"Redress for Mr. Perdicaris"
750:
687:election in the fall of 1904
516:to dispatch a ship from the
495:Assistant Secretary of State
238:, issued a statement to the
7:
1827:""Hostage to Momus" online"
826:
811:in the role of Raisuni and
165:Ion Perdicaris, June 1904,
10:
2198:
2066:Simon, Jeffrey D. (2001).
2026:Katz, Jonathan G. (2006).
1740:Hughes, John, ed. (2005).
1921:10.1017/S0361233300000338
1867:The Films of Sean Connery
1790:"1904: Teddy's Big Stick"
1355:"Perdicaris Free at Last"
986:Theodore Roosevelt Center
982:"The Perdicaris Incident"
135:
127:
117:
107:
97:
87:
73:
65:
53:
2089:Walther, Karine (2015).
1406:, pp. 326–327, 330.
646:Spanish battleship
594:companies, commanded by
435:, arrived at the house.
307:year and studied at the
288:. The family settled in
2140:Sultan of the Mountains
518:South Atlantic Squadron
493:, was out of town. The
321:Confederate States Army
31:
2182:1904 crimes in Morocco
1794:www.capitalcentury.com
1566:The St. Louis Republic
1027:Entz, Gary R. (2013).
959:Raum, John O. (1871).
946:The St. Louis Republic
738:
653:Spanish ironclad
451:
389:was a leader of three
272:. Perdicaris became a
189:Ion Hanford Perdicaris
169:
131:9-150 of Raisuni's men
111:Ion Hanford Perdicaris
43:considered for merging
1461:"France takes a Hand"
1090:: 16, 79 – via
804:The Wind and the Lion
723:
631:Italian cruiser
514:French Ensor Chadwick
440:
401:, a correspondent of
352:Centennial Exposition
164:
69:18 May – 21 June 1904
2133:. 1905. p. 735.
1536:The Washington Times
1465:The New-York Tribune
1359:The New-York Tribune
679:Joseph Gurney Cannon
677:, which was read by
544:The armored cruiser
481:American involvement
360:Fifth Avenue Theatre
345:The couple moved to
309:Ecole des Beaux Arts
292:, New Jersey, where
230:rioting in Morocco.
176:, also known as the
2028:Murder in Marrakesh
1893:, pp. 178–179.
1854:, pp. 177–178.
1779:(1984), pp. 104–117
1687:, pp. 302–303.
1584:, pp. 301–302.
1377:, pp. 324–325.
1291:. 11 December 1886.
1274:, pp. 130–131.
1233:(5). Archived from
963:and Fire Department
843:List of kidnappings
702:National Geographic
471:political prisoners
178:Perdicaris incident
50:
49:Perdicaris incident
18:Perdicaris incident
2070:The Terrorist Trap
1767:Barbara W. Tuchman
1480:, pp. 34, 36.
1289:The New York Times
838:Stockholm syndrome
744:The New York Times
739:
715:Stockholm syndrome
507:Theodore Roosevelt
487:Secretary of State
313:American Civil War
301:Harvard University
294:Gregory Perdicaris
286:Harvard University
266:Gregory Perdicaris
236:Secretary of State
227:Theodore Roosevelt
170:
48:
2130:Munsey's Magazine
2100:978-1-4696-2540-9
2081:978-0-253-21477-5
1772:American Heritage
1714:, Jon Blackwell,
1226:American Heritage
768:The Hand of Fate.
726:Le Petit Parisien
640:Tensions escalate
599:John Twiggs Myers
503:Mediterranean Sea
499:Francis B. Loomis
395:Miss Stone Affair
217:gunboat diplomacy
174:Perdicaris affair
159:
158:
102:Payment of ransom
16:(Redirected from
2189:
2142:by Rosita Forbes
2134:
2119:Internet Archive
2104:
2085:
2073:
2062:
2041:
2022:
1985:
1940:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1833:on 12 April 2009
1829:. Archived from
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1786:
1780:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1457:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1378:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1351:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1260:
1254:
1239:
1238:
1216:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1165:
1159:
1146:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1096:
1095:
1084:Military History
1079:
1064:
1063:
1054:
1043:
1042:
1024:
1018:
1012:
997:
996:
994:
992:
978:
972:
971:
956:
950:
949:
938:
929:
923:
910:
909:
899:
893:
887:
867:
864:
707:State Department
430:
411:for kidnapping.
387:Ahmed al-Raisuni
193:Ahmed al-Raisuni
180:, refers to the
149:Ahmed al-Raisuni
122:Ahmed al-Raisuni
58:
51:
47:
21:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2172:May 1904 events
2157:1904 in Morocco
2147:
2146:
2123:
2111:
2101:
2082:
2059:
2038:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1738:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1573:
1568:. 22 June 1904.
1560:
1559:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1505:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1381:
1373:
1366:
1353:
1352:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1296:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1263:
1255:
1242:
1237:on 2 June 2019.
1217:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1168:
1160:
1149:
1134:
1130:
1126:, pp. 303.
1122:
1118:
1110:
1099:
1080:
1067:
1059:Harper's Weekly
1056:
1055:
1046:
1039:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1000:
990:
988:
980:
979:
975:
957:
953:
940:
939:
932:
924:
913:
900:
896:
888:
881:
871:
870:
865:
861:
851:
833:Perdicaris Park
829:
785:
783:Popular culture
760:Tunbridge Wells
753:
695:Leslie's Weekly
662:Prince of Wales
644:On 6 June, the
642:
483:
428:
417:
259:
251:Tunbridge Wells
234:, the American
152:$ 4,000 to the
151:
146:
113:Cromwell Varley
112:
61:
46:
28:
27:1904 kidnapping
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2195:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2145:
2144:
2135:
2121:
2110:
2109:External links
2107:
2106:
2105:
2099:
2086:
2080:
2063:
2057:
2042:
2036:
2023:
1997:(2): 275–304.
1986:
1958:10.1086/236568
1952:(4): 517–526.
1941:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1883:
1876:
1856:
1844:
1818:
1816:, p. 297.
1806:
1781:
1759:
1752:
1732:
1730:, p. 304.
1720:
1716:The Trentonian
1704:
1702:, p. 519.
1689:
1677:
1675:, p. 177.
1665:
1640:
1633:
1613:
1611:, p. 335.
1598:
1586:
1571:
1553:
1551:, p. 330.
1541:
1538:. 6 June 1904.
1523:
1521:, p. 142.
1511:
1509:, p. 518.
1494:
1492:, p. 329.
1482:
1470:
1467:. 1 June 1904.
1449:
1447:, p. 300.
1437:
1435:, p. 185.
1425:
1408:
1396:
1394:, p. 299.
1379:
1364:
1321:
1319:, p. 181.
1309:
1307:, p. 115.
1294:
1276:
1261:
1259:, p. 324.
1240:
1208:
1183:
1166:
1164:, p. 184.
1147:
1128:
1116:
1097:
1065:
1044:
1038:978-0803245396
1037:
1019:
1017:, p. 183.
998:
973:
951:
948:. 20 May 1904.
930:
928:, p. 130.
911:
894:
892:, p. 323.
878:
877:
876:
875:
869:
868:
858:
857:
856:
855:
850:
847:
846:
845:
840:
835:
828:
825:
817:Candice Bergen
800:motion picture
793:Ion Perdicaris
784:
781:
752:
749:
641:
638:
482:
479:
433:Samuel Gummeré
420:Ion Perdicaris
416:
413:
409:Ion Perdicaris
372:Consul General
278:South Carolina
262:Ion Perdicaris
258:
255:
186:Greek-American
157:
156:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2194:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2138:Full text of
2136:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1892:
1887:
1879:
1877:9780806522234
1873:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1853:
1848:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1755:
1753:9781592287994
1749:
1745:
1744:
1736:
1729:
1724:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1686:
1681:
1674:
1669:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1636:
1634:9780199942930
1630:
1626:
1625:
1617:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1596:, p. 36.
1595:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1550:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1520:
1515:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1446:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1423:, p. 35.
1422:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1405:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1318:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1181:, p. 33.
1180:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1114:, p. 37.
1113:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
987:
983:
977:
969:
965:
964:
955:
947:
943:
937:
935:
927:
922:
920:
918:
916:
907:
906:
898:
891:
886:
884:
879:
873:
872:
863:
859:
853:
852:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
824:
822:
821:German Empire
818:
814:
810:
806:
805:
801:
796:
794:
790:
780:
778:
777:Tyler Dennett
773:
770:
769:
765:
761:
757:
748:
746:
745:
736:
732:
728:
727:
722:
718:
716:
710:
708:
704:
703:
698:
696:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
667:
664:
663:
657:
656:
650:
649:
637:
635:
634:
627:
623:
620:tried to get
617:
615:
611:
607:
602:
600:
597:
593:
589:
588:
583:
582:
577:
576:
570:
569:
564:
563:
557:
556:
550:
549:
542:
540:
536:
532:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
455:Rif Mountains
450:
448:
447:
439:
436:
434:
425:
421:
412:
410:
406:
405:
400:
399:Walter Harris
396:
392:
391:Jebala tribes
388:
384:
382:
378:
373:
369:
364:
361:
357:
353:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
332:
326:
325:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
254:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
228:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:
183:
179:
175:
168:
163:
155:
154:United States
150:
145:
143:
138:
134:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
57:
52:
44:
40:
39:
38:Infobox event
35:
30:
19:
2139:
2128:
2090:
2069:
2048:Theodore Rex
2047:
2027:
1994:
1990:
1949:
1945:
1912:
1908:
1901:Bibliography
1891:Baepler 1999
1886:
1866:
1859:
1852:Baepler 1999
1847:
1835:. Retrieved
1831:the original
1821:
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1793:
1784:
1776:
1770:
1762:
1742:
1735:
1723:
1715:
1707:
1680:
1673:Baepler 1999
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1652:
1643:
1623:
1616:
1589:
1565:
1556:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1519:Walther 2015
1514:
1485:
1473:
1464:
1440:
1433:Baepler 1999
1428:
1399:
1358:
1317:Baepler 1999
1312:
1288:
1279:
1272:Walther 2015
1235:the original
1230:
1224:
1199:. Retrieved
1195:
1186:
1162:Baepler 1999
1140:
1131:
1119:
1087:
1083:
1058:
1028:
1022:
1015:Baepler 1999
989:. Retrieved
985:
976:
961:
954:
945:
926:Walther 2015
904:
897:
862:
809:Sean Connery
802:
797:
786:
774:
771:
767:
754:
742:
740:
724:
711:
700:
699:followed by
693:
691:
672:
668:
661:
654:
647:
643:
632:
618:
603:
586:
580:
574:
567:
561:
554:
551:and cruiser
547:
543:
522:torpedo boat
511:
484:
452:
444:
441:
437:
418:
402:
385:
365:
356:Philadelphia
344:
330:
327:
324:
298:
260:
244:
221:
177:
173:
171:
167:Tacoma Times
166:
147:$ 70,000 to
139:
128:Participants
118:Organized by
36:
29:
2167:Kidnappings
1814:Etzold 1975
1728:Etzold 1975
1685:Etzold 1975
1609:Morris 2001
1582:Etzold 1975
1549:Morris 2001
1490:Morris 2001
1445:Etzold 1975
1404:Morris 2001
1392:Etzold 1975
1375:Morris 2001
1257:Morris 2001
1196:Smithsonian
1135:Hunt, B.J.
1124:Etzold 1975
890:Morris 2001
813:Brian Keith
459:Abd al-Aziz
340:C.F. Varley
274:naturalized
264:'s father,
209:Abd al-Aziz
142:Abd al-Aziz
140:Payment by
32:‹ The
2151:Categories
2058:0965406970
2037:0253348153
2019:4649448900
1974:4642666978
1937:4796451456
1700:Davis 1941
1653:270 to win
1594:Simon 2001
1507:Davis 1941
1478:Simon 2001
1421:Simon 2001
1179:Simon 2001
1112:Simon 2001
849:References
756:Perdicaris
737:to Tangier
606:Washington
443: [
415:Kidnapping
368:misconduct
331:The Galaxy
257:Background
182:kidnapping
92:Kidnapping
2011:0018-2370
1991:Historian
1982:144264771
1966:0022-2801
1929:0361-2333
1305:Katz 2006
1192:"Tangier"
751:Aftermath
660:HMS
587:Cleveland
581:Baltimore
573:USS
560:USS
553:USS
546:USS
526:Gibraltar
404:The Times
305:sophomore
224:President
41:is being
1837:22 April
1092:ProQuest
827:See also
789:O. Henry
655:Numancia
614:legation
610:sidearms
562:Marietta
548:Brooklyn
491:John Hay
232:John Hay
74:Location
45:. ›
34:template
2117:at the
1799:9 April
1718:, 1904.
874:Sources
807:, with
731:Galilée
622:Britain
575:Olympia
568:Castine
555:Atlanta
531:Sharifs
475:Morocco
424:Tangier
381:redress
347:Tangier
336:Malvern
290:Trenton
213:Tangier
205:Morocco
201:Morocco
197:Tangier
136:Charges
82:Morocco
78:Tangier
2097:
2078:
2055:
2034:
2017:
2009:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1935:
1927:
1874:
1750:
1658:1 June
1631:
1201:2 June
1035:
991:8 June
764:London
735:Kléber
683:Kansas
648:Pelayo
633:Dogali
626:France
592:Marine
584:, and
429:
377:London
282:Athens
108:Target
98:Motive
1978:S2CID
854:Notes
596:Major
535:Wazan
524:from
467:Pasha
2095:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2053:ISBN
2032:ISBN
2015:OCLC
2007:ISSN
1970:OCLC
1962:ISSN
1933:OCLC
1925:ISSN
1872:ISBN
1839:2009
1801:2019
1748:ISBN
1660:2019
1629:ISBN
1203:2019
1033:ISBN
993:2019
733:and
651:and
624:and
565:and
247:1904
172:The
88:Type
66:Date
1999:doi
1954:doi
1917:doi
1139:in
968:350
533:of
446:sic
354:in
184:of
2153::
2127:.
2013:.
2005:.
1995:37
1993:.
1976:.
1968:.
1960:.
1950:13
1948:.
1931:.
1923:.
1913:24
1911:.
1792:.
1692:^
1651:.
1601:^
1574:^
1564:.
1534:.
1497:^
1463:.
1452:^
1411:^
1382:^
1367:^
1357:.
1324:^
1297:^
1287:.
1264:^
1243:^
1231:10
1229:.
1223:.
1211:^
1194:.
1169:^
1150:^
1100:^
1086:.
1068:^
1047:^
1001:^
984:.
944:.
933:^
914:^
882:^
616:.
578:,
497:,
489:,
463:$
461:a
253:.
219:.
199:,
80:,
2103:.
2084:.
2061:.
2040:.
2021:.
2001::
1984:.
1956::
1939:.
1919::
1880:.
1841:.
1803:.
1756:.
1662:.
1637:.
1205:.
1094:.
1088:4
1041:.
995:.
970:.
697:,
323:.
144::
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
