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and the motives of the particular companies result in different site-related factors and different emphasis on the individual factors respectively. For a cost-oriented foreign investment one would lay a stronger emphasis upon the cost- and production-oriented factors and the choice of location would
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analysis. When looking at risk-indexes, it is normally the case that company-wide factors initially come to the fore. The Peren–Clement index also starts from this point, but orientates the factors towards a core statement that is relevant in practice. Similarly constructed
Indexes (including the
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also requires a retrospective observation, which attempts to discover the causes of risks and lay open the cause-and-effect relations. Thereafter, the factors which are to be predicted are deduced and indicators for a prognosis are determined, so that the next step leads to a cause-related and
109:) refrain from interrelating their risk analysis with corporate objectives in the course of events. But practical experience shows that the assessment of country-specific risks for direct investment can not be looked at separately from the particular existing motives.
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and are not directly observable, stable correlations between observable risk-determining and representative quantities must be searched for. Hereby, one must differentiate between qualitative (political situation) and quantitative (economic results)
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in a certain foreign market, which are determined by the political situation, its social, economical and judicial environment as well as its predictable or anticipated future developments of that country.
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The total achieved score for the individual country can now be classified in the model. Hereby the respective country-specific risks can be graded into classes and an estimation of risks can be made.
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Franz W. Peren, Reiner
Clement: Peren-Clement Index – PCI 2.0: Evaluation of Foreign Direct Investments through Simultaneous Assessment at the Macro and Corporate Levels. Passau: MUR-Verlag, 2019.
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Apfelthaler, G.: Marktsegmentierung im internationalen
Bereich, in: Pepels, W.: Marktsegmentierung - Methoden zur erfolgreichen Marktsegmentbearbeitung, 3rd. ed., Düsseldorf 2013, S. 272.
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Peren-Clement-Index – Eine exemplarische
Fallstudie; in: Gadatsch, A. et al. (ed.): Nachhaltiges Wirtschaften im digitalen Zeitalter. Ein Leitfaden für innovative Führungspersönlichkeiten
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factors such as competitive environment and size of the market will be of higher importance. Peren–Clement’s risk-index is thus coined by three categories of influencing factors:
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Schneider, A.; Schmidpeter, R.: Corporate Social
Responsibility: Verantwortungsvolle Unternehmensführung in Theorie und Praxis, 2nd. ed., Berlin Heidelberg 2015, p. 1095.
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offer the possibility of additional business engagement and investment and the extent of an existing engagement or investment can be increased or should be reduced.
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show that especially cost- and production-dependent as well as marketing oriented motives dominate the decision for, or against, direct investments.
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Wiesbaden, Springer
Fachmedien, ed. Kompakt-Lexikon Marketingpraxis: 2.200 Begriffe nachschlagen, verstehen, anwenden. Springer-Verlag, 2014.
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The index can be complemented, amongst others, by inclusion of additional motives. For instance companies that aim to secure their
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Peren-Clement-Index: Bewertung von
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The aim is the classification of countries in an order of precedence, for example in regard to their attractiveness for a
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289:"The PCI - A Global Risk Index for the Simultaneous Assessment of Macro and Company Individual Investment Risks"
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The Peren-Clement index can be used as an early detection system, which evaluates probabilities and risks of an
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Springer
Fachmedien Wiesbaden (ed.): 333 Keywords Marktforschung: Grundwissen für Manager, 2013, P. 137.
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and international organisations. In many cases the analysed countries are brought into a country rating.
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The Peren–Clement index is a risk index for the evaluation of country-specific risks concerning
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These kind of analyses are conducted amongst other things by international
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Beer, S.: China
Sourcing. Einkauf im Land der Mitte, Hamburg 2012, p. 56.
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Wankel, C.: Encyclopedia of
Business in Today's World, 2009, S. 137.
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Pakusch, Christina; Peren, Franz W.; Shakoor, Markus Arian (2017).
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Christina Pakusch, Franz W. Peren, Markus Arian Shakoor.
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Reineke, Rolf-Dieter, and Bock, Friedrich (editors),
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