55:
2271:, that some of the Auxiliaries shouted, "We surrender, we surrender;" when IRA men stood up from their positions, they were fired upon by other Auxiliaries. This led Barry to not believe the Auxiliaries when, later in the battle, they attempted to surrender: all 18 were shot and left for dead. One Auxiliary escaped but was later captured and killed; another, Frederick Henry Forde, survived with severe injuries and was rescued by British forces. However, some historians have claimed that Barry invented the story of the false surrender in order to justify the killing of the entire unit.
3347:
2343:
German and US militaries seem to be in agreement on it. In its judgement, the tribunal noted that the case did not require that the tribunal make findings other than those of guilty or not guilty and so no safe conclusion could be drawn from the acquittal of all accused. The tribunal also emphasized the difference between using enemy uniforms in espionage versus combat.
2302:
in 1942. Confusion regarding a possible surrender of
Japanese troops came about due to a sighting of what the Americans believed to be a "white flag" along with faulty intelligence from a captured, drunken Japanese officer. This resulted in more than 20 US combat deaths from the Japanese soldiers the
2112:
1. It is prohibited to kill, injure or capture an adversary by resort to perfidy. Acts inviting the confidence of an adversary to lead him to believe that he is entitled to, or is obliged to accord, protection under the rules of international law applicable in armed conflict, with intent to betray
2240:
In addition to the prohibitions provided by special
Conventions, it is especially forbidden ... (b) To kill or wound treacherously individuals belonging to the hostile nation or army; ... (f) To make improper use of a flag of truce, of the national flag, or of the military insignia and
2162:
are acts that are intended to mislead an adversary or to induce him to act recklessly but which infringe no rule of international law applicable in armed conflict and which are not perfidious because they do not invite the confidence of an adversary with respect to protection under that law. The
2342:
of a crime by ordering his men into action in US uniforms. He had passed on to his men the warning of German legal experts that if they fought in US uniforms, they would be breaking the laws of war. During the trial, a number of arguments were advanced to substantiate this position and that the
2187:, signs or signals provided for by the Conventions or by this Protocol. It is also prohibited to misuse deliberately in an armed conflict other internationally recognized protective emblems, signs or signals, including the flag of truce, and the protective emblem of
2205:
2. It is prohibited to make use of the flags or military emblems, insignia or uniforms of adverse
Parties while engaging in attacks or to shield, favour, protect or impede military operations.
2426:
2184:
3198:
2561:
2072:) with the intention of breaking that promise once the unsuspecting enemy is exposed (such as by coming out of cover to take the "surrendering" prisoners into custody).
3213:
3156:
3151:
2202:
1. It is prohibited to make use in an armed conflict of the flags or military emblems, insignia or uniforms of neutral or other States not
Parties to the conflict.
2579:
2294:
their dead and wounded and to fake surrenders or injuries to lure Allied troops into a trap then surprise-attack them. One example of supposed perfidy was the "
3240:
3181:
2326:, the issue of whether the donning of enemy uniforms to approach the enemy without drawing fire was within the laws of war was established under
3176:
3127:
3186:
3169:
2463:
3164:
2476:
3117:
2373:
3283:
998:
3193:
1430:
3122:
3386:
3228:
2492:
2254:
2194:
2. It is prohibited to make use of the distinctive emblem of the United
Nations, except as authorized by that Organization.
2710:
2656:
2543:
2510:
1786:
54:
3203:
3146:
2915:
2715:
2547:
1981:
1759:
369:
2587:
2208:
3. Nothing in this
Article or in Article 37, paragraph 1(d), shall affect the existing generally recognized rules of
1435:
1513:
3245:
2895:
1858:
1496:
1283:
103:
3054:
2686:
2484:
2327:
2279:
1622:
2039:
1486:
3250:
3208:
3141:
2777:
2697:
2262:
1976:
675:
435:
3381:
3376:
3031:
2444:
2351:
2347:
2226:
1986:
1173:
970:
841:
379:
3371:
3294:
3223:
3136:
1450:
2602:
3218:
3109:
2837:
2767:
2267:
2250:
1560:
1068:
412:
286:
120:
3093:
2905:
2832:
2750:
2740:
2649:
2507:
Stepping Stones to
Nowhere: The Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and American Military Strategy, 1867–1945
2395:
2241:
military uniform of the enemy, as well as the distinctive badges of the Geneva
Convention; ...
2230:
2011:
1878:
1425:
1118:
931:
779:
20:
2562:"International Law on Use of Enemy Uniforms As a Stratagem and the Acquittal in the Skorzeny Case"
3307:
3002:
2950:
2899:
2745:
2735:
2304:
2303:
Americans assumed would surrender. It has been asserted that the incident, along with many other
2275:
2083:, as it degrades the protections and mutual restraints developed in the interest of all parties,
1964:
1946:
1702:
1261:
1183:
1128:
1008:
721:
384:
263:
2935:
2811:
2730:
2405:
1831:
1806:
1528:
1440:
1313:
1188:
784:
761:
187:
86:
2229:
of war long before the prohibition of perfidy was included in
Protocol I. For example, in the
3278:
2955:
2940:
2930:
2910:
2857:
1420:
1353:
1306:
955:
918:
881:
799:
751:
635:
445:
238:
142:
2350:
in 2022, Russian soldiers have been accused of perfidy on numerous occasions, including the
2295:
2550:
General
Military Government Court of the U.S. zone of Germany 18 August to 9 September 1947
2369:
2358:
2299:
2126:
1811:
1713:
1570:
1565:
1383:
1348:
1083:
898:
756:
692:
546:
516:
93:
8:
3350:
3312:
3049:
3020:
2642:
2427:"New evidence challenges claim Tom Barry invented story of false surrender at Kilmichael"
1662:
1647:
1523:
1410:
1388:
1363:
1323:
1233:
1043:
943:
893:
660:
650:
615:
407:
397:
147:
71:
3273:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3066:
3044:
3039:
2997:
2987:
2847:
2842:
2725:
2676:
2362:
2311:, led to an Allied tendency to shoot dead or wounded Japanese soldiers, those who were
2258:
2113:
that confidence, shall constitute perfidy. The following acts are examples of perfidy:
1996:
1851:
1771:
1692:
1637:
1612:
1533:
1479:
1445:
1376:
1293:
1203:
1108:
1053:
938:
903:
856:
731:
702:
655:
593:
568:
402:
196:
115:
3071:
3025:
2862:
2820:
2804:
2488:
2400:
2339:
2246:
2209:
2188:
2032:
1941:
1888:
1791:
1781:
1776:
1746:
1729:
1724:
1697:
1642:
1343:
1333:
1328:
1318:
1238:
1228:
1223:
1198:
1168:
1058:
1028:
1023:
1013:
1003:
993:
908:
861:
831:
670:
463:
440:
374:
2001:
3268:
3059:
2006:
1971:
1903:
1796:
1734:
1627:
1555:
1548:
1405:
1338:
1288:
1278:
1153:
1073:
1033:
1018:
980:
965:
836:
821:
774:
682:
640:
583:
578:
536:
359:
336:
228:
152:
81:
64:
2603:"Here Are the Laws Plausibly Broken by Israel in Its Raid on a West Bank Hospital"
3335:
3233:
2852:
2815:
2720:
2331:
2283:
1816:
1801:
1719:
1675:
1617:
1273:
1268:
1158:
1148:
1063:
1038:
975:
816:
746:
736:
588:
573:
496:
468:
258:
253:
233:
76:
3302:
2868:
2826:
2526:
Myth and the Greatest Generation: A Social History of Americans in World War II
2172:
2155:
2147:
1991:
1739:
1163:
1123:
1101:
1088:
1078:
1048:
960:
913:
716:
707:
598:
551:
531:
521:
491:
458:
346:
303:
268:
243:
110:
43:
2629:
2368:
and Dr. Aurel Sari, an associate professor of public international law at the
3365:
2920:
2799:
2335:
2323:
2185:
emblem of the red cross, red crescent or red lion and sun or of other emblems
2136:
1838:
1826:
1682:
1602:
1518:
1501:
1358:
1213:
1193:
871:
866:
846:
826:
741:
712:
687:
563:
541:
526:
501:
341:
248:
206:
201:
98:
2464:"The Kilmichael ambush and the outer limits of Irish historical revisionism"
2282:
were reported to often disguise their installations and transportation with
2970:
2874:
2772:
2365:
2025:
1951:
1931:
1926:
1821:
1766:
1400:
1395:
1218:
1133:
876:
610:
511:
308:
192:
3339:
2925:
2760:
2705:
2308:
2253:, was the scene of a notorious act of alleged perfidy. 36 members of the
2076:
1936:
1687:
1652:
1491:
1178:
1143:
851:
794:
697:
481:
182:
177:
2977:
2755:
2390:
2312:
2291:
2164:
2122:
2101:
2084:
2069:
2065:
1893:
1863:
1585:
949:
2665:
2529:
2385:
2287:
2213:
2159:
2088:
2080:
2061:
1883:
1707:
1657:
1607:
1597:
1592:
1457:
1248:
1243:
1208:
645:
331:
298:
167:
2580:"Videos Suggest Captive Russian Soldiers Were Killed at Close Range"
3317:
2965:
2795:
2118:
1898:
1873:
1506:
1138:
1113:
726:
281:
223:
135:
2992:
2960:
2945:
2143:
2102:
Protocol I Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949
1908:
1868:
1466:
1462:
804:
789:
665:
326:
321:
291:
210:
172:
2216:
or to the use of flags in the conduct of armed conflict at sea.
2630:
UK's Geneva Conventions (Amendment) Act 1995 which bans perfidy
2445:"Kilmichael Ambush 28 November 1920 | Irish News Archives"
1415:
811:
628:
364:
2634:
2168:
886:
422:
417:
2183:
1. It is prohibited to make improper use of the distinctive
2132:(b) The feigning of an incapacitation by wounds or sickness;
2316:
162:
157:
2150:
or of neutral or other States not Parties to the conflict.
2142:(d) The feigning of protected status by the use of signs,
3292:
2053:
35:
2479:
The Anguish Of Surrender: Japanese POWs of World War II
2357:
Israeli forces have been accused of perfidy during the
2330:
at the trial in 1947 of the planner and commander of
2504:
2099:Perfidy is specifically prohibited under the 1977
2163:following are examples of such ruses: the use of
3363:
2548:Vol. IX, 1949: Trial of Otto Skorzeny and others
2542:Source: Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals.
2319:as readily as they might other enemy soldiers.
2650:
2361:by among others former executive director of
2033:
2523:
2657:
2643:
2040:
2026:
2374:Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
16:War crime involving breaking of a promise
3284:Post-conflict reception of war criminals
2559:
2234:IV – The Laws and Customs of War on Land
999:List of military strategies and concepts
2600:
2461:
2225:Disapproval of perfidy was part of the
3364:
2638:
2198:Article 39. – Emblems of nationality
2108:Article 37. – Prohibition of perfidy
2094:
2064:in which one side promises to act in
2711:Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868
2544:United Nations War Crimes Commission
2511:University of British Columbia Press
2075:Perfidy constitutes a breach of the
2338:. He was found not guilty by a US
13:
2716:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
2586:. 20 November 2022. Archived from
2572:
2462:Maxwell, Nick (October 28, 2020).
2121:of an intent to negotiate under a
14:
3398:
3214:Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
2623:
2179:Article 38. – Recognized emblems
3346:
3345:
3157:Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
53:
3241:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
2594:
2307:of the Japanese throughout the
2298:" during the early days of the
2664:
2553:
2536:
2517:
2498:
2485:University of Washington Press
2470:
2455:
2437:
2419:
2328:international humanitarian law
2280:Imperial Japanese Armed Forces
2135:(c) The feigning of civilian,
1:
2412:
2257:ambushed a truck carrying 18
3387:Law of war legal terminology
2778:International Criminal Court
2560:Koessler, Maxmillan (1959).
7:
3187:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2601:Schwarz, Jon (2024-01-31).
2505:Galen Roger Perras (2003).
2379:
2352:Makiivka surrender incident
2348:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1497:Military–industrial complex
971:Operational manoeuvre group
10:
3403:
3161:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
2408:(incorporated into US law)
2220:
18:
3332:
3261:
3102:
3011:
2887:
2838:Joint criminal enterprise
2788:
2768:Responsibility to protect
2696:
2685:
2672:
2268:Guerrilla Days in Ireland
2251:Irish War of Independence
2158:are not prohibited. Such
1561:Loss-of-strength gradient
413:Combat information center
2449:www.irishnewsarchive.com
2396:Inherent bad faith model
2265:claimed in his memoirs,
1879:Military science fiction
1364:Technology and equipment
780:List of military tactics
21:Perfidy (disambiguation)
3308:Crimes against humanity
3152:Libyan civil war (2011)
3003:Wartime sexual violence
2951:Human trophy collecting
2936:Enforced disappearances
2313:attempting to surrender
2236:, Article 23 includes:
1947:Wartime sexual violence
1703:Full-spectrum dominance
1514:Supply-chain management
2956:Indiscriminate attacks
2941:Extrajudicial killings
2812:Command responsibility
2406:War Crimes Act of 1996
2243:
2218:
2196:
2177:
2171:, mock operations and
2068:(such as by raising a
1859:Awards and decorations
1832:Peace through strength
1807:Low-intensity conflict
1441:Conscientious objector
1314:Area of responsibility
3279:List of global issues
3114:Gaza–Israel conflict
2931:Desecration of graves
2911:Collective punishment
2524:Kenneth Rose (2007).
2278:of World War II, the
2261:officers. IRA leader
2255:Irish Republican Army
2238:
2231:1907 Hague Convention
2200:
2181:
2110:
446:Torpedo data computer
436:Ship gun fire-control
3334:‡ Does not apply to
3313:Crimes of aggression
3295:international crimes
3199:Sri Lankan Civil War
2998:Use of human shields
2896:humanitarian workers
2590:on 26 November 2022.
2372:and a fellow at the
2370:University of Exeter
2300:Guadalcanal Campaign
2249:(1921), part of the
1977:Military occupations
1812:Military engineering
1714:Unrestricted Warfare
1571:Force multiplication
464:Military manoeuvrers
19:For other uses, see
3177:Russo-Ukrainian War
2805:Civilian casualties
2566:Missouri Law Review
2146:or uniforms of the
1663:Penal military unit
1648:Rules of engagement
1324:Command and control
944:Operations research
408:Director (military)
398:Fire-control system
148:Command and control
29:Part of a series on
3382:War crimes by type
3377:Military deception
3274:War crime apologia
3194:Second Chechen War
2888:War crimes by type
2848:Military necessity
2843:Medical neutrality
2761:Protocol II (1977)
2726:Geneva Conventions
2677:List of war crimes
2584:The New York Times
2363:Human Rights Watch
2305:perfidious actions
2259:Auxiliary Division
2095:Geneva Conventions
2052:In the context of
1772:Counter-insurgency
1693:Command of the sea
1638:Jewish laws on war
1613:Geneva Conventions
1149:Divide and conquer
939:Military operation
904:Tactical objective
403:Fire-control radar
380:Electronic-warfare
3372:Perfidy incidents
3359:
3358:
3328:
3327:
3269:War crimes trials
3103:War crimes by war
2883:
2882:
2863:Protected persons
2756:Protocol I (1977)
2493:978-0-295-98336-3
2401:Perfidious Albion
2340:military tribunal
2247:Kilmichael Ambush
2210:international law
2189:cultural property
2050:
2049:
1942:Horses in warfare
1889:Anti-war movement
1792:Gunboat diplomacy
1782:Disaster response
1730:Philosophy of war
1725:Principles of war
1698:Deterrence theory
1643:Right of conquest
1566:Lanchester's laws
1334:Principles of war
1024:Counter-offensive
1004:Military campaign
909:Target saturation
832:Counterinsurgency
441:Gun data computer
375:Close air support
337:Aircraft carriers
3394:
3349:
3348:
3290:
3289:
3204:Syrian civil war
3147:2006 Lebanon War
3110:Afghanistan wars
2853:Prisoners of war
2694:
2693:
2689:humanitarian law
2659:
2652:
2645:
2636:
2635:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2557:
2551:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2502:
2496:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2423:
2359:Israel-Hamas war
2315:and not to take
2284:protective signs
2105:, which states:
2042:
2035:
2028:
1797:Humanitarian aid
1735:Security dilemma
1556:Power projection
1339:Economy of force
1319:Chain of command
1034:Defence in depth
1019:Commerce raiding
837:Defeat in detail
153:Defense ministry
57:
48:
47:
38:
26:
25:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3336:airborne forces
3324:
3303:Atrocity crimes
3288:
3257:
3098:
3014:committed by...
3013:
3007:
2916:Criminal orders
2879:
2858:Proportionality
2816:Superior orders
2784:
2721:Geneva Protocol
2688:
2681:
2668:
2663:
2626:
2621:
2620:
2611:
2609:
2599:
2595:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2558:
2554:
2541:
2537:
2522:
2518:
2503:
2499:
2477:Ulrich Straus,
2475:
2471:
2460:
2456:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2431:The Irish Times
2425:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2382:
2332:Operation Greif
2276:Pacific Theatre
2223:
2097:
2046:
2017:
2016:
1967:
1957:
1956:
1922:
1914:
1913:
1854:
1844:
1843:
1817:Multilateralism
1802:Law enforcement
1762:
1752:
1751:
1720:Just war theory
1678:
1668:
1667:
1618:Geneva Protocol
1588:
1578:
1577:
1551:
1541:
1540:
1482:
1472:
1471:
1379:
1369:
1368:
1309:
1299:
1298:
1264:
1254:
1253:
1184:Network-centric
1104:
1094:
1093:
996:
986:
985:
934:
924:
923:
872:Rapid dominance
777:
767:
766:
722:Electromagnetic
631:
621:
620:
607:
560:
508:
484:
474:
473:
469:Combat training
450:
427:
393:Combat systems:
389:
351:
347:Auxiliary ships
313:
273:
215:
138:
128:
127:
67:
41:
40:
39:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3400:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3299:
3297:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3262:Related topics
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3120:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3089:United Kingdom
3086:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3023:
3017:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2946:Hostage-taking
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2906:Child soldiers
2903:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2869:Ruse de guerre
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2827:Hors de combat
2823:
2818:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2800:non-combatants
2792:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2691:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2625:
2624:External links
2622:
2619:
2618:
2593:
2571:
2552:
2535:
2532:. p. 264.
2516:
2513:. p. 232.
2497:
2469:
2454:
2436:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2381:
2378:
2296:Goettge Patrol
2227:customary laws
2222:
2219:
2212:applicable to
2173:misinformation
2152:
2151:
2148:United Nations
2140:
2133:
2130:
2096:
2093:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1982:Military terms
1979:
1974:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1740:Tripwire force
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1262:Administrative
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1189:New generation
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1164:Fleet in being
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1102:Grand strategy
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:Scorched earth
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
997:
992:
991:
988:
987:
984:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
961:Deep operation
958:
953:
946:
941:
935:
930:
929:
926:
925:
922:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
890:
889:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
808:
807:
802:
797:
787:
778:
773:
772:
769:
768:
765:
764:
762:Unconventional
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
710:
708:Disinformation
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
679:
678:
673:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
632:
627:
626:
623:
622:
619:
618:
613:
606:
605:
604:
603:
602:
601:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
559:
558:
557:
556:
555:
554:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
507:
506:
505:
504:
499:
494:
485:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
466:
461:
459:Basic training
456:
449:
448:
443:
438:
433:
426:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
388:
387:
385:Reconnaissance
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
350:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
312:
311:
306:
304:Special forces
301:
296:
295:
294:
284:
279:
272:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
214:
213:
204:
199:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
139:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:
125:
124:
123:
118:
108:
107:
106:
101:
91:
90:
89:
82:Post-classical
79:
74:
68:
63:
62:
59:
58:
50:
49:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3399:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3352:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3246:Yugoslav Wars
3244:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3182:War in Donbas
3180:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3094:United States
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2971:Mass killings
2969:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:Death marches
2924:
2922:
2921:Death flights
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2751:Fourth (1949)
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:Second (1949)
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:International
2684:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2608:
2607:The Intercept
2604:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2473:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2418:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2336:Otto Skorzeny
2333:
2329:
2325:
2324:Dachau Trials
2320:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2137:non-combatant
2134:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2123:flag of truce
2120:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2070:flag of truce
2067:
2063:
2060:is a form of
2059:
2055:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:Warrior caste
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1839:Show of force
1837:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1827:Peacebuilding
1825:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:Air supremacy
1681:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1623:Islamic rules
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1603:Court-martial
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1502:Arms industry
1500:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1119:Broken-backed
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
989:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
956:Expeditionary
954:
952:
951:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
933:
928:
927:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
888:
885:
884:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
827:Counterattack
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
781:
776:
771:
770:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
752:Psychological
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
688:Combined arms
686:
684:
681:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
630:
625:
624:
617:
614:
612:
609:
608:
600:
597:
596:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
566:
565:
562:
561:
553:
550:
549:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
527:Fortification
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
514:
513:
510:
509:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
487:
486:
483:
478:
477:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
428:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
348:
345:
343:
342:Landing craft
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
293:
290:
289:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
216:
212:
208:
207:Standing army
205:
203:
200:
198:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
140:
137:
132:
131:
122:
119:
117:
114:
113:
112:
109:
105:
102:
100:
99:pike and shot
97:
96:
95:
92:
88:
85:
84:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
69:
66:
61:
60:
56:
52:
51:
45:
37:
33:
32:
28:
27:
22:
3340:paratroopers
3224:World War II
3123:2023–present
3072:Soviet Union
3030:
2982:
2900:parachutists
2898: /
2875:Safe conduct
2867:
2825:
2814: /
2773:Rome Statute
2746:Third (1949)
2736:First (1949)
2610:. Retrieved
2606:
2596:
2588:the original
2583:
2574:
2565:
2555:
2538:
2525:
2519:
2506:
2500:
2478:
2472:
2457:
2448:
2439:
2430:
2421:
2366:Kenneth Roth
2356:
2345:
2321:
2286:such as the
2273:
2266:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2224:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2182:
2178:
2156:Ruses of war
2153:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2079:and so is a
2074:
2057:
2051:
1952:Fifth column
1932:War resister
1927:Women in war
1822:Peacekeeping
1767:Arms control
1712:
1632:
1401:Mobilization
1396:Conscription
1354:Intelligence
1307:Organization
948:
877:Encirclement
757:Radiological
693:Conventional
547:Subterranean
454:Development:
453:
430:
392:
354:
317:Naval units:
316:
309:Signal corps
276:
239:Intelligence
219:Specialties:
218:
143:Organization
94:Early modern
3219:World War I
3209:Tigray war‎
2894:Attacks on
2821:Distinction
2706:Lieber Code
2309:Pacific War
2274:During the
2139:status; and
2077:laws of war
1937:War studies
1760:Non-warfare
1688:Appeasement
1653:Martial law
1492:War economy
1431:Transgender
1384:Recruitment
1144:Containment
1029:Culminating
1009:Anti-access
932:Operational
852:Envelopment
795:Air assault
676:Air cavalry
636:Air defence
616:Information
517:Cold-region
482:Battlespace
431:Historical:
277:Land units:
183:Space force
178:Coast guard
111:Late modern
72:Prehistoric
3366:Categories
3251:Kosovo War
3170:Second war
3142:Korean War
3012:War crimes
2988:Starvation
2978:No quarter
2666:War crimes
2612:2024-08-13
2481:(excerpts)
2413:References
2391:False flag
2346:Since the
2292:booby-trap
2165:camouflage
2085:combatants
2066:good faith
1997:War crimes
1987:Operations
1894:Foot drill
1864:Battle cry
1777:deterrence
1436:Harassment
1411:Specialism
1234:Technology
1229:Succession
1174:Liberation
1109:Asymmetric
1044:Empty fort
950:Blitzkrieg
919:Withdrawal
882:Investment
661:Camouflage
656:Biological
594:Underwater
569:Amphibious
488:Aerospace
355:Air units:
332:Submarines
121:fourth-gen
116:industrial
104:napoleonic
3165:First war
3128:by Israel
3118:2008–2009
3055:Palestine
3032:Wehrmacht
2966:Massacres
2796:Civilians
2530:Routledge
2483:Seattle:
2386:Bad faith
2288:red cross
2263:Tom Barry
2214:espionage
2127:surrender
2089:civilians
2081:war crime
2062:deception
1884:War novel
1787:Grey-zone
1747:War games
1708:Overmatch
1658:War crime
1608:Desertion
1598:Ceasefire
1593:Armistice
1480:Logistics
1458:Mercenary
1446:Volunteer
1377:Personnel
1349:Engineers
1294:Sociology
1249:World war
1244:Total war
1224:Strategic
1214:Religious
1199:Political
1194:Perpetual
1169:Irregular
1084:Offensive
1059:Defensive
1054:Deception
1014:Attrition
862:Guerrilla
857:Formation
800:Airbridge
732:Loitering
646:Artillery
299:Artillery
234:Engineers
197:Irregular
168:Air force
3351:Category
3318:Genocide
3137:Iraq War
2495:, p. 116
2380:See also
2125:or of a
2119:feigning
2117:(a) The
1899:War song
1874:War film
1507:Materiel
1426:Children
1406:Training
1344:Medicine
1329:Doctrine
1284:Training
1219:Resource
1204:Princely
1154:Economic
1139:Conquest
1134:Colonial
1129:Cold war
1114:Blockade
994:Strategy
966:Maneuver
727:Infantry
683:Chemical
537:Mountain
497:Airborne
360:Fighters
327:Warships
282:Infantry
224:Rifleman
188:Reserves
136:Military
3026:Germany
3021:Croatia
2993:Torture
2983:Perfidy
2961:Looting
2698:Sources
2487:, 2003
2322:At the
2221:History
2144:emblems
2058:perfidy
2012:Writers
2007:Weapons
1972:Battles
1921:Related
1909:Wargame
1904:Uniform
1852:Culture
1633:Perfidy
1628:Justice
1549:Science
1534:Outpost
1487:History
1467:Warrior
1463:Soldier
1451:foreign
1389:counter
1289:Service
1239:Theater
1179:Limited
1159:Endemic
1074:Nuclear
842:Foxhole
817:Cavalry
805:Airdrop
790:Airlift
775:Tactics
747:Nuclear
737:Missile
666:Cavalry
651:Barrage
629:Weapons
589:Surface
370:Command
365:Bombers
322:Frogman
292:Cavalry
249:Medical
211:Militia
193:Regular
173:Marines
87:castles
77:Ancient
65:History
44:outline
3338:(i.e.
3293:Other
3229:Allied
3084:Turkey
3079:Serbia
3067:Russia
3040:Israel
2833:Intent
2789:Topics
2491:
2169:decoys
1992:Sieges
1676:Theory
1416:Morale
1274:Policy
1269:Branch
1049:Mosaic
1039:Fabian
981:Covert
914:Trench
899:Screen
822:Charge
812:Battle
785:Aerial
703:Denial
671:Horses
599:Seabed
552:Tunnel
532:Jungle
522:Desert
492:Aerial
259:Diving
254:Police
3060:Hamas
3050:Japan
3045:Italy
2160:ruses
1965:Lists
1421:Women
1359:Ranks
1279:Staff
1209:Proxy
1124:Class
1079:Naval
1064:Depth
894:Swarm
887:Siege
867:Naval
847:Drone
742:Music
717:Robot
713:Drone
698:Cyber
641:Armor
611:Cyber
584:Green
579:Brown
542:Urban
502:Space
423:Radar
418:Sonar
287:Armor
269:Pilot
264:Comms
244:Recon
229:Staff
202:Ranks
3234:Axis
2798:and
2731:1864
2489:ISBN
2317:POWs
2245:The
2087:and
2002:Wars
1519:Base
1069:Goal
976:Raid
574:Blue
512:Land
163:Navy
158:Army
2154:2.
2054:war
1586:Law
1529:FOB
1524:MOB
564:Sea
36:War
3368::
3342:)
2605:.
2582:.
2564:.
2546:.
2528:.
2509:.
2447:.
2429:.
2376:.
2354:.
2334:,
2290:,
2191:.
2175:.
2167:,
2091:.
2056:,
1465:/
715:/
209:/
195:/
2902:‡
2658:e
2651:t
2644:v
2615:.
2568:.
2466:.
2451:.
2433:.
2129:;
2041:e
2034:t
2027:v
46:)
42:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)