534:, many still lack a maximum allowed level and some contains large disparity between maximum and minimum values. The NRC accepts that despite ongoing research, large gaps still exist in the knowledge of quantitative nutritional information for specific nutrients. Some professionals acknowledge the possibilities of phytochemicals and other vital nutrients that have yet to be recognized as essential by nutritional science. With such broad guidelines and loose feeding trial standards, critics argue that the term "complete and balanced" is inaccurate and even deceptive. An AAFCO panel expert has stated that "although the AAFCO profiles are better than nothing, they provide false securities."
522:
same moisture content; bear a statement of nutritional adequacy for the same or less demanding life stage as the lead product; contain a dry matter, metabolizable energy (ME) content within 7.5% of the lead product's dry matter; meet the same levels of crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, lysine, thiamine (and for cat foods, potassium and taurine) as the lead food; and meet or exceed the nutrient levels and ratios of the lead family product or the AAFCO nutrient profiles, whichever is lower. The label statement on the similar food can be the same as the lead product if the ME is substantiated by the 10-day ME feeding study.
478:(AAFCO), a non-government agency that establishes guidelines and standards on feed laws and regulations. Although government officials do comprise a large portion of AAFCO, it has no regulatory authority and acts simply as an advisory body, working closely with the FDA to develop standards that food consumed by animals must meet. AAFCO leaves the responsibility of regulating these standards to the individual states. Most states have adopted the guidelines set forth by AAFCO.
235:
31:
272:
43:
554:(CVMA) Pet Food Certification Program, which involves a feeding trial, carry a CVMA label on their packaging. Participation in the program is voluntary. The program was discontinued at the end of 2007. There is no government regulation of pet food manufactured in Canada. However, imported pet food does receive stringent oversight.
529:
have shown some foods that pass AAFCO's feeding trials are still not suitable for long-term use and estimated that of 100 foods that pass the nutritional analysis, 10 to 20 would not pass the feeding trials. Although maximum levels of intake of some nutrients have been established because of concerns
512:
Name and address of manufacturer or distributor: This names the pet food company as guarantor of the product and gives the company's location. If the company uses a separate manufacturer for actual production or distribution, the label must show that relationship by using the words "Manufactured for"
504:
Nutritional
Adequacy Statement: This is a statement that indicates the food is complete and balanced for a particular life stage, such as growth, reproduction, adult maintenance or a combination of these, or intended for intermittent or supplemental feeding only. AAFCO makes rules for nutrient levels
485:
Brand and
Product Name: These rules address the use of ingredient names in the product name. How ingredients may be included in the product name depends on the percentage of that ingredient in the product, and the use of certain descriptors. For example, there are different rules for "Beef Dog Food",
323:
Many dog food manufacturers refer to AAFCO standards to ensure the safety of their dog food.AAFCO is a collaborative organization involving feed control officers and regulatory authorities from the United States and Canada. It plays an important role in ensuring the safety and quality of pet food and
319:
Recommendations differ on what diet is best for dogs. Some people argue dogs have thrived on leftovers and scraps from their human owners for thousands of years, and commercial dog foods (which have only been available for the past century) contain poor-quality meats, additives, and other ingredients
537:
Certain manufacturers label their products with terms such as premium, ultra premium, and holistic. Such terms currently have no official definitions. The AAFCO is currently considering defining some of the terms. However, the terms "natural" and "organic" do have definitions; e.g., organic products
160:
of contemporary pet foods suggests wet foods for cats and dogs tend to have a larger impact than dry foods. It also suggests there are substantial opportunities for improvement in "all phases of the pet food life cycle, including formulation, ingredient selection, manufacturing processes" and so on.
643:
on March 16, 2007, when a company test showed sickness and death in some of the test animals. Soon after, there were numerous media reports of animal deaths as a result of kidney failure, and several other companies who received the contaminated wheat gluten also voluntarily recalled dozens of pet
521:
The "Family Rule" allows a manufacturer to have a product that is "nutritionally similar" to another product in the same "family" to adopt the latter's "complete and balanced" statement without itself undergoing any feeding tests. The "similar" food must be of the same processing type; contain the
508:
Feeding
Directions: All pet foods labeled as complete and balanced for any or all life stages must include feeding directions that, at a minimum, state "Feed (amount of product) per (weight) of dog/cat". Feeding frequency must also be stated. Feeding directions are optional for treats, as long as
111:
is the leading company in the pet food industry, making about $ 17 billion annually in pet-care products. Online sales of pet food are increasing and contributing to this growth. Online sales in the US increased 15 percent in 2015. Worldwide, the compound annual growth rate of pet food purchased
517:
Dog and cat foods labeled as "complete and balanced" must meet standards established by the AAFCO either by meeting a nutrient profile or by passing a feeding trial. Cat and dog food nutrient profiles were established by the AAFCO's Feline
Nutrition Expert Subcommittee (1991–1992) and the Canine
573:
All ingredients used for pet food have to be fit for human consumption according to EU requirements. But regulations require that pet food that contains by-products be labelled as "Not for human consumption" even though such by-products have to be derived from animals declared fit for human
331:
Additionally, based on the recommended nutritional guidelines for dog food and cat food that AAFCO published in 1993, nutritional standards have been set for different life stages (growth stage for puppies and maintenance stage for adult dogs). Many dog food manufacturers now refer to these
496:
Guaranteed
Analysis: This lists the percentage of each of the nutrients in the food. The minimum percent of crude protein and crude fat, the maximum percent of crude fiber, and moisture are always required. Note that "crude" refers to the analysis method, rather than the quality of the
660:
In early
January 2021, Midwestern Pet Food products recalled its Sportmix products which were linked to the death of over 70 dogs and sickness in about 80 others. Dog and cat food, sold by retailers across the United States over the internet, were being investigated by the
593:, melamine used in coatings for pet food cans can migrate into the food. Therefore, the regular melamine migration limit (SML) of 2.5 mg/kg for food and feed has been expanded to pet food. This limit is valid for canned wet pet food on an 'as sold' basis.
581:
equivalent. Products meant for intermittent feeding are labeled "complementary feedingstuff or "complementary pet food" while products with an ash content of over 40% are labeled "mineral feedingstuff". Ingredients are listed in descending order by weight.
327:
However, AAFCO itself does not have the authority to create laws. Instead, its standards serve as the basis for individual states, regions, and federal governments in the U.S. and Canada to establish and enforce laws and regulations regarding pet food.
894:
Do you love your dog, but are worried about the environmental impact of their meat-heavy diet? Studies suggest pets consume about a fifth of the world's meat and fish, and a dog's carbon footprint is more than twice that of a 4x4 car, according to
362:
meat, edible bones, and organs. The ingredients used to formulate raw diets can vary. Some pet owners choose to make home-made raw diets to feed their animals, but commercial raw food diets are also available. Veterinary associations such as the
209:
hobbyists feed their fish exclusively prepared foods that most commonly are produced in flake, pellet or tablet form. Pelleted forms, some of which sink rapidly, are often used for larger fish or bottom-feeding species such as
402:. Feeding raw food can be perceived by owners as allowing the pet to stay in touch with their wild, carnivorous ancestry. The raw food movement has occurred in parallel to the change in human food trends for more natural and
1152:
Hernandez, Juan; Rhimi, Soufien; Kriaa, Aicha; Mariaule, Vincent; Boudaya, Houda; Drut, Amandine; Jablaoui, Amin; Mkaouar, Héla; Saidi, Amel; Biourge, Vincent; Borgi, Mohamed Ali; Rhimi, Moez; Maguin, Emmanuelle (May 2022).
500:
Ingredient
Statement: Ingredients must be listed in order of predominance by weight, on an "as formulated basis". The ingredient that makes up the highest percentage of the total weight as it goes into the product is listed
489:
Name of
Species for which the pet food is intended: This must be conspicuously designated in words on the principal display panel, but may be included in the product name, such as "Beef Dog Food" or "Salmon Treats for
414:
Prepared foods and some raw ingredients may be toxic for animals, and care should be taken when feeding animals leftover food. It is known that the following foods are potentially unsafe for cats, dogs and pigs:
596:
The
European Union does not use a unified nutrient requirement. A manufacturer committee called FEDIAF (European Pet Food Industry Federation) makes recommendations for cats and dogs that members follow.
371:
have warned of the animal and public health risk that could arise from feeding raw meat to pets and have stated that there is no scientific evidence to support the claimed benefits of raw feeding.
320:
dogs should not ingest, or that commercial dog food is not nutritionally sufficient for their dogs. Many commercial brands are formulated using insights gained from scientific nutritional studies.
437:
Generally, cooked and marinated foods should be avoided, as well as sauces and gravies, which may contain ingredients that, although well tolerated by humans, may be toxic to animals.
847:
1324:"Cats Have Increased Protein Digestibility as Compared to Dogs and Improve Their Ability to Absorb Protein as Dietary Protein Intake Shifts from Animal to Plant Sources"
652:
withdrew all sizes and varieties of Alpo "Prime Cuts in Gravy". Some companies were not affected and utilized the situation to generate sales for alternative pet foods.
130:
diets fed to many pets (especially cats and dogs), involving the consumption of an estimated fifth of the world's meat and fish, the impact of pet-food production on
2048:
493:
Quantity
Statement: This is the net weight or net volume, and it must be expressed in the correct units and placed on the lower third of the principal display panel.
2060:
801:
871:
474:(FTC). It is further regulated at the state level. State Department of Agriculture officials, major feed manufacturers, and ingredient suppliers form the
176:
71:
Examples of foods for pets would be canned foods, dry mix, and chocolate. The pet food market is dominated by five major companies, as of 2020:
475:
297:
and other nutrients. Cat food is formulated to address the specific nutritional requirements of cats, in particular containing the amino acid
1999:
505:
required for such a statement. Products conspicuously identified on the principal display panel as a snack, treat, or supplement are exempt.
142:
1573:
1560:
57:
intended for consumption by pets. Typically sold in pet stores and supermarkets, it is usually specific to the type of animal, such as
635:
company, beginning in February 2007. After more than three weeks of complaints from consumers, the recall began voluntarily with the
1914:
68:
In 2019, the world pet food market was valued at US$ 87.09 billion and is projected to grow to US$ 113.2 billion by the year 2024.
551:
467:
368:
364:
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and nutritional imbalances. People who feed their dogs raw food do so for a multitude of reasons, including but not limited to:
1890:
1561:
Raw Food Diets for Pets – Canadian Veterinary Medical Association and Public Health Agency of Canada Joint Position Statement
1233:
821:
1747:
441:, an alternative sweetener found in chewing gum and baked goods designed for diabetics, is highly toxic to cats, dogs, and
2146:
2121:
525:
Critics of the AAFCO standards argue that such requirements are too lax. Generational studies conducted by researchers at
2086:
2072:
301:, as cats cannot thrive on taurine-deficient food. Optimal levels of taurine for cat food have been established by the
1454:
1220:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 1285. Springer International Publishing. pp. 199–216.
729:
709:
1501:
Anderson RS, Blaza SE, Burger IH, Edney ATB. Content of commercial dog foods. Veterinary Record.1984;114(12):302–303.
1415:
1381:
302:
1492:
Burger IH, Barnett KC. The taurine requirement of the adult cat. Journal of Small Animal Practice.1982;23:533-537.
578:
526:
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AAFCO requires that all pet food products sold in the United States have labels that contain eight components:
65:. Most meat used for animals is a byproduct of the human food industry, and is not regarded as "human grade".
2189:
146:
585:
With the released Commission Regulation (EU) No 107/2013, the European Union has set new maximum levels for
662:
463:
112:
online was more than 25% between 2013 and 2018. As of 2015, the U.S. leads the world in pet-food spending.
1794:
Piscitelli, Christopher M.; Dunayer, Eric K.; Aumann, Marcel (February 2010). "Xylitol toxicity in dogs".
777:
1034:
Domínguez-Oliva, Adriana; Mota-Rojas, Daniel; Semendric, Ines; Whittaker, Alexandra L. (January 2023).
293:, though most commercial cat food contains both animal and plant material supplemented with vitamins,
1971:
969:
Pedrinelli, Vivian; Teixeira, Fabio A.; Queiroz, Mariana R.; Brunetto, Marcio A. (17 November 2022).
912:
Acuff, Heather L.; Dainton, Amanda N.; Dhakal, Janak; Kiprotich, Samuel; Aldrich, Greg (1 May 2021).
577:
Products meant for daily feeding are labelled "complete feedingstuff" or "complete petfood" or other
518:
Nutrition Expert Subcommittee (1990–1991), respectively. The nutrient profiles were updated in 2016.
255:
and to feed pet birds. It typically consist of a variety of seeds. However, not all birds eat seeds.
194:
17:
1847:
471:
80:
2227:
649:
76:
2171:
1213:
168:. As of 2018, there are around 470 million pet dogs and around 370 million pet cats according to
121:
84:
1431:
1967:"Natural pet food: A review of natural diets and their impact on canine and feline physiology"
753:
2207:
1466:
Aquirre, GD (1978). "Retinal degeneration associated with the feeding of dog foods to cats".
606:
590:
150:
1891:
https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/complete-and-balanced-pet-food
982:
8:
1944:
1036:"The Impact of Vegan Diets on Indicators of Health in Dogs and Cats: A Systematic Review"
670:
290:
157:
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990:
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355:
1901:
1225:
848:"U.S. Pet Food Market will reach USD 30.01 billion in 2022: Zion Market Research"
1574:"High-Pressure Processing and Raw Pet Food Diets: What You Need to Know | petMD"
681:
facility that contain corn and have expiration dates on or before July 9, 2022.
677:, broadened its recall to include all its pet food products manufactured in its
566:, pet food is regulated by the same harmonised standards across the EU, via the
2150:
2125:
1613:
1267:"Dietary nutrient profiles of wild wolves: insights for optimal dog nutrition?"
994:
930:
913:
624:
612:
563:
131:
1708:
1283:
1266:
1265:
Bosch, Guido; Hagen-Plantinga, Esther A.; Hendriks, Wouter H. (January 2015).
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The practice of feeding raw diets has raised some concerns due to the risk of
2250:
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1349:
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1002:
939:
883:
531:
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219:
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104:
92:
1915:"Assessment of the Nutritional Adequacy of Pet Foods through the Life Cycle"
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recalled almost over 50 brands of dog food, and over 40 brands of cat food.
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403:
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Several upstarts exist, aiming to reduce the impact of pet food, including
108:
2012:"Global Pet Foods » What you need to know about pet food regulations"
1985:
1966:
1940:
1537:
1479:
690:
341:
276:
260:
223:
206:
127:
54:
1902:
National Research Council. 2006. Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats.
1340:
1111:
589:
in canned pet food. According to results of an in-depth research of the
486:"Beef Recipe Dog Food", "Dog Food with Beef" and "Beef Flavor Dog Food".
1322:
Golder, Christina; Weemhoff, James L.; Jewell, Dennis E. (March 2020).
645:
640:
252:
1863:"The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) > Home"
1511:
107:, pet-food sales in 2016 reached an all-time high of $ 28.23 billion.
1912:
1600:
Michel, Kathryn E. (2006). "Unconventional Diets for Dogs and Cats".
666:
395:
246:
2084:
234:
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necessary to keep captive fish in good health. Approximately 80% of
2212:
1512:"ドッグフードでよく見るAAFCOとは？栄養基準やガイドラインになる理由、FEDIAFとの違いも解説！【ペットフード安全管理者執筆】"
678:
586:
379:
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animal feed, providing reliable standards for the entire industry.
314:
284:
169:
165:
62:
58:
35:
1690:
968:
914:"Sustainability and Pet Food: Is There a Role for Veterinarians?"
674:
462:
and its associated territories, all pet food is regulated by the
438:
431:
383:
359:
298:
238:
215:
202:
30:
1965:
Buff, P. R.; Carter, R. A.; Bauer, J. E.; Kersey, J. H. (2014).
1848:
https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-food-feeds/pet-food
1155:"Domestic Environment and Gut Microbiota: Lessons from Pet Dogs"
1780:
636:
628:
547:
538:
must meet the same USDA regulations as for organic human food.
442:
391:
387:
256:
179:. Others include Vegepet, who make vegan pet food substitutes.
574:
consumption. Raw pet food has to be labelled "Pet food only".
1862:
1755:
730:"Pet Food Market | Growth, Trends, and Forecasts (2019-2024)"
632:
271:
211:
134:, other environmental impacts and land-use becomes an issue.
1691:
Kovalkovičová, N; Šutiaková, I; Pistl, J; Šutiak, V (2009).
1264:
907:
905:
903:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1151:
911:
42:
1602:
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice
962:
2049:
EU Pet food Legislation: Pet food Ingredient Requirements
1093:
Kępińska-Pacelik, Jagoda; Biel, Wioletta (January 2022).
900:
620:
616:
399:
351:
347:
172:
and as of 2022 the population of pets tends to increase.
2061:
EU Pet food Legislation: Pet food Labelling Requirements
1733:
1637:"Raw food diets in companion animals: A critical review"
669:
were present in the food. Midwestern, which is based in
226:, to artificially enhance the color of ornamental fish.
1793:
2228:"Pet food recall expanded after more than 70 dogs die"
802:"Online pet food sales poised for significant growth?"
1964:
754:"Pet Industry Market Size & Ownership Statistics"
1321:
1095:"Insects in Pet Food Industry—Hope or Threat?"
1092:
398:and what is perceived to be more natural for their
794:
623:foods. The recalls came in response to reports of
218:. Some fish foods also contain additives, such as
145:, would not have adverse impacts on the health of
2147:"Menu Foods Income Fund – Annual General Meeting"
2122:"Menu Foods Income Fund – Annual General Meeting"
1635:Schlesinger, Daniel P.; Joffe, Daniel J. (2011).
1212:Oberbauer, Anita M.; Larsen, Jennifer A. (2021).
971:"Environmental impact of diets for dogs and cats"
627:in pets consuming mostly wet pet foods made with
409:
2248:
1634:
1405:
872:"Can insect pet food cut dogs' carbon pawprint?"
822:"Global pet food sales hit $ 91 billion in 2018"
419:Chocolate, coffee-based products and soft drinks
346:Raw feeding is the practice of feeding domestic
1885:Federal Drug Administration. (2018, March 23).
1529:
1211:
878:. THG Publishing Pvt Ltd. Reuters. 2019-01-12.
1913:James G. Morris and Quinton R. Rogers (1994).
1830:Government regulation of the pet food industry
476:Association of American Feed Control Officials
2000:Pet food package labels show AAFCO compliance
141:on the topic indicates adequate vegan diets,
1842:Federal Drug Administration. (2018, Aug 1).
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
611:Beginning in March 2007, there were massive
115:
1535:
1448:
1382:"Dog and cat pet population worldwide 2018"
2190:"Alpo is added to recall list of pet food"
2085:Global Alliance of Pet Food Associations.
1536:Mieszkowski, Katharine (19 January 2006).
448:
2075:European Commission, Retrieved 04/22/2013
1984:
1930:
1748:"People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets"
1716:
1677:
1660:
1357:
1339:
1282:
1214:"Amino Acids in Dog Nutrition and Health"
1188:
1170:
1128:
1110:
1069:
1051:
1010:
929:
918:Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice
665:for the possibility that fatal levels of
270:
233:
41:
29:
1465:
1399:
552:Canadian Veterinary Medical Association
468:United States Department of Agriculture
369:Canadian Veterinary Medical Association
365:American Veterinary Medical Association
14:
2249:
2073:Commission Regulation (EU) No 107/2013
1599:
1595:
1593:
1410:(5th ed.). Germany: Tetra Press.
702:
91:), and Blue Buffalo Co. Ltd (owned by
1857:
1855:
509:they are labeled as snacks or treats.
367:, British Veterinary Association and
1554:
1406:Riehl, Rüdiger; Baensch, HA (1996).
845:
724:
722:
149:and cats. There also is research on
1590:
1218:Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health
259:(essentially sugar water) attracts
24:
2063:U.S. Mission to the European Union
2051:U.S. Mission to the European Union
1852:
1566:
1432:"The Dangers of Uneaten Fish Food"
428:Garlic (in large doses) and onions
34:A supermarket's pet food aisle in
25:
2268:
1887:"Complete and Balanced" Pet Food.
719:
557:
2208:"Capitalizing on Pet-Food Panic"
453:
303:Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition
2220:
2200:
2182:
2164:
2139:
2114:
2096:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2042:
2028:
2004:
1993:
1958:
1906:
1895:
1879:
1846:. Retrieved May 31, 2019, from
1836:
1822:
1787:
1769:
1641:The Canadian Veterinary Journal
1628:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1459:
1424:
1374:
1315:
1258:
1205:
1145:
1086:
1027:
663:US Food and Drug Administration
655:
600:
527:University of California, Davis
2172:"Purina joins pet food recall"
1172:10.3390/microorganisms10050949
864:
839:
814:
770:
746:
410:Feeding human foods to animals
335:
241:eating suet from a bird feeder
13:
1:
1932:10.1093/jn/124.suppl_12.2520S
1889:Retrieved May 31, 2018, from
696:
2149:. 2007-04-06. Archived from
2124:. 2007-04-06. Archived from
1777:"Is Xylitol Deadly to Dogs?"
1697:Interdisciplinary Toxicology
1271:British Journal of Nutrition
1226:10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_10
464:Food and Drug Administration
251:Bird foods are used both in
229:
193:Fish foods normally contain
182:
7:
2087:"How pet food is regulated"
758:www.americanpetproducts.org
710:Britain's problem with pets
684:
308:
266:
98:
10:
2273:
1693:"Some food toxic for pets"
1614:10.1016/j.cvsm.2006.08.003
995:10.1038/s41598-022-22631-0
931:10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.01.010
734:www.mordorintelligence.com
604:
339:
312:
282:
244:
186:
143:which are more sustainable
119:
1972:Journal of Animal Science
1925:(12 Suppl): 2520S–2534S.
1709:10.2478/v10102-009-0012-4
1284:10.1017/S0007114514002311
550:, products that pass the
541:
116:Impact and sustainability
2104:"Nutritional Guidelines"
1796:Compendium (Yardley, PA)
1538:"The Beef Over Pet Food"
778:"Top Pet Food Companies"
472:Federal Trade Commission
358:consisting primarily of
2039:– Food Standards Agency
852:GlobeNewswire News Room
846:Research, Zion Market.
826:www.petfoodindustry.com
782:www.petfoodindustry.com
449:Labeling and regulation
122:Sustainable food system
1833:– Hillestad, Katharine
1468:J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc
1053:10.3390/vetsci10010052
280:
242:
164:Like humans, dogs are
47:
39:
2153:on September 23, 2010
1986:10.2527/jas.2014-7789
650:Nestlé Purina PetCare
607:2007 pet food recalls
274:
237:
151:insect-based pet food
77:Nestle Purina Petcare
45:
33:
1802:(2): E1–4, quiz E4.
716:, November 13, 2009.
591:2007 pet food crisis
513:or "Distributed by".
376:food borne illnesses
354:and other animals a
85:Hill's Pet Nutrition
27:Animal feed for pets
1341:10.3390/ani10030541
1112:10.3390/ani12121515
1040:Veterinary Sciences
987:2022NatSR..1218510P
291:obligate carnivores
275:Cat with a bowl of
177:Edgard & Cooper
158:life-cycle analysis
46:Cat food in a bowl.
2016:globalpetfoods.com
1455:What to Feed Birds
975:Scientific Reports
828:. 18 February 2019
615:of many brands of
568:Feeding Stuffs Act
422:Raisins and grapes
281:
243:
189:Aquarium fish feed
48:
40:
2194:Los Angeles Times
2178:. March 31, 2007.
1867:petfood.aafco.org
1235:978-3-030-54461-4
89:Colgate-Palmolive
87:, Inc. (owned by
16:(Redirected from
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1783:. 11 May 2007.
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1518:(in Japanese)
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1516:INUNAVI（いぬなび）
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93:General Mills
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81:J. M. Smucker
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2231:
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2151:the original
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2126:the original
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2015:
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1945:the original
1922:
1918:
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1881:
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1866:
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1541:
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1515:
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1435:
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733:
714:The Guardian
713:
704:
659:
656:2021 recalls
629:wheat gluten
610:
601:2007 recalls
595:
584:
579:EU languages
576:
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390:surrounding
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261:hummingbirds
250:
224:sex hormones
192:
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691:Food safety
466:(FDA), the
342:Raw feeding
336:Raw feeding
332:standards.
253:birdfeeders
207:fishkeeping
128:carnivorous
55:animal feed
2237:2021-01-13
2157:2015-11-05
2132:2015-11-05
2021:2019-12-06
1951:2010-09-01
1872:2019-05-31
1583:2017-11-27
1547:2006-03-07
1522:2024-09-30
1441:2019-12-06
1334:(3): 541.
1165:(5): 949.
889:2019-10-12
857:2017-09-15
832:2019-12-06
807:2017-09-15
787:2017-09-15
763:2017-09-15
739:2019-10-21
697:References
671:Evansville
667:aflatoxins
646:Menu Foods
641:Menu Foods
126:Given the
120:See also:
73:Mars, Inc.
38:, New York
2257:Pet foods
1808:1940-8315
1761:5 October
1653:0008-5286
1542:Salon.com
1350:2076-2615
1293:0007-1145
1252:232375959
1181:2076-2607
1121:2076-2615
1062:2306-7381
1046:(1): 52.
1003:2045-2322
956:232406972
940:0195-5616
884:0971-751X
876:The Hindu
497:nutrient.
396:nutrition
289:Cats are
279:cat food.
247:Bird food
230:Bird food
183:Fish food
166:omnivores
18:Pet foods
2251:Category
2213:Newsweek
1844:Pet Food
1816:20473849
1727:21217849
1671:21461207
1622:17085234
1386:Statista
1368:32213956
1309:17359879
1301:25415597
1244:33770408
1199:35630391
1139:35739851
1080:36669053
1021:36396966
948:33773646
685:See also
679:Oklahoma
639:company
637:Canadian
587:melamine
380:zoonosis
360:uncooked
315:Dog food
309:Dog food
295:minerals
285:Cat food
277:pelleted
267:Cat food
239:Bushtits
203:vitamins
199:elements
197:, trace
170:Statista
147:pet dogs
99:Industry
63:cat food
59:dog food
51:Pet food
36:Brooklyn
1941:7996231
1919:J. Nutr
1718:2984110
1662:3003575
1391:6 March
1359:7143243
1328:Animals
1190:9143008
1130:9219536
1099:Animals
1071:9860667
1012:9672041
983:Bibcode
675:Indiana
633:Chinese
613:recalls
562:In the
458:In the
443:ferrets
439:Xylitol
432:Alcohol
388:beliefs
384:culture
299:taurine
216:catfish
212:loaches
137:A 2023
103:In the
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542:Canada
501:first.
490:Cats".
392:health
257:Nectar
139:review
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1305:S2CID
1248:S2CID
952:S2CID
895:Yora.
530:with
1937:PMID
1812:PMID
1804:ISSN
1763:2016
1723:PMID
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1476:PMID
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880:ISSN
619:and
400:pets
356:diet
352:cats
348:dogs
201:and
109:Mars
2176:CNN
1981:doi
1927:doi
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1705:doi
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1472:172
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1336:doi
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1275:113
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1167:doi
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1107:doi
1066:PMC
1048:doi
1007:PMC
991:doi
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621:dog
617:cat
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742:.
20:)
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