377:
270:
282:
404:
457:
389:
353:
365:
125:
553:
294:
469:
179:. IC engines operate at peak efficiency at higher RPMs, In petrol–electric vehicles, the engine can keep running at these speeds as the motor is the one delivering traction. This results in lesser fuel usage and harmful emissions. This isn't the case with conventional vehicles where the engine has to slow down when the vehicle brakes.
192:
is possible with petrol–electric vehicles. When the brakes are applied, the traction motor can be switched to act as a generator and charge the battery pack. A magnetic resistance force acts on the wheels to slow them, while the battery is charged. Conventional brakes use frictional braking force
139:
Petrol–electric vehicles typically doesn't require any stepping up or transmission as electric traction motors can operate at a wide rpm range at peak efficiency. The Engine generator pair is a compact unit that isn't connected mechanically to the road wheels. The connection is purely electrical.
136:, powering the generator. When extra power is needed for acceleration or for climbing gradients, both the engine and the battery pack powers the motor. When the engine produces more power than is required at the road wheels, the surplus is used to charge the battery.
163:
and have poor efficiency at low speeds. So IC engines have to be made larger than what is required for conventional gas-powered vehicles. This is not the case for petrol-hybrid vehicles where an electric motor provides
1073:
500:
system of Henry
Crochat and Emmanuel Colardeau. This allowed the left and right traction motors to run at different speeds for steering and is detailed in patent US1416611. The 1936 prototype
74:
Petrol–electric transmission was used in certain niche markets in the early 20th century, such as in the petrol–electric railway locomotives produced in
Britain for use on the
132:
The engine is usually smaller than what would be required for powering a conventional petrol vehicle of the same size. The engine usually runs at its optimum high efficiency
376:
200:
Petrol–electric vehicles can deliver additional power when it is demanded by the driver, like during hard acceleration or climbing a gradient. They also have
574:
193:
only, which dissipate and waste rotational energy as heat. Regenerative braking saves energy, they are used in combination with friction brakes for
1059:
1172:
159:
The IC engine can be made smaller than what is usually required to move a similar sized pure gas-powered vehicle. IC engines are their own
281:
269:
388:
352:
710:"Analysis of the electric drive mode use and energy flow in hybrid drives of SUVs in urban and extra-urban traffic conditions"
403:
1004:
954:"Bonhams : 1922 Tilling-Stevens TS3A Petrol–Electric Open top Double Deck Bus Chassis no. TS3A 2559 Engine no. 2174"
1121:
485:
1114:
Panzerkampfwagen VI P (Sd.Kfz.181): The history of the
Porsche Typ 100 and 101 also known as the Leopard and Tiger (P)
667:
León, Rogelio; Montaleza, Christian; Maldonado, José Luis; Tostado-Véliz, Marcos; Jurado, Francisco (September 2021).
364:
1096:
643:
600:
321:
90:
petrol–electric transmission system was used for standard gauge locomotives (up to 240 kW of electrical power).
582:
638:
522:, of which 91 units were produced as the Porsche Tiger. They were later converted into Ferdinand, and subsequently
60:
526:, tank destroyers. Another noteworthy design was the 188-tonne Porsche type 205 prototypes, commonly known as the
578:
113:
which converts the rotational energy into electrical energy. The generator charges a battery pack and drives a
979:
447:
329:
75:
456:
313:
648:
1137:
468:
489:
310:
153:
106:
1167:
757:"Review and Development of Electric Motor Systems and Electric Powertrains for New Energy Vehicles"
614:
563:
443:
439:
194:
28:
221:
Petrol–electric vehicles, and typically most series hybrid vehicles need two electric machines, a
567:
542:
435:
68:
201:
169:
133:
103:
434:. However, some petrol–electric submarines had been built before the war. Examples include:
218:, which can result in reduced efficiency due to energy loss at each stage of the transition.
493:
337:
317:
189:
346:
system of Henry
Crochat and Emmanuel Colardeau was used in some petrol–electric railcars.
8:
431:
333:
755:
Cai, William; Wu, Xiaogang; Zhou, Minghao; Liang, Yafei; Wang, Yujin (1 February 2021).
669:"Hybrid Electric Vehicles: A Review of Existing Configurations and Thermodynamic Cycles"
935:
886:
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737:
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618:
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110:
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729:
690:
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342:
325:
215:
183:
613:
In the 21st century, petrol–electric transmission has gained a new lease of life in
953:
917:
868:
827:
817:
768:
721:
680:
530:
527:
176:
906:"A comprehensive review on hybrid electric vehicles: architectures and components"
857:"A comprehensive review on hybrid electric vehicles: architectures and components"
1045:
1008:
256:
118:
773:
249:
229:
165:
149:
114:
922:
873:
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260:
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99:
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36:
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511:
186:
where the engine can be shut off during idling or during long deceleration.
685:
668:
832:
519:
515:
427:
79:
56:
708:
Pielecha, Ireneusz; Cieślik, Wojciech; Merkisz, Jerzy (1 October 2019).
156:
in stop-and-go driving, typically the case in urban and suburban routes.
128:
A schematic representation of the power-train of a series hybrid vehicle
904:
Singh, Krishna Veer; Bansal, Hari Om; Singh, Dheerendra (1 June 2019).
855:
Singh, Krishna Veer; Bansal, Hari Om; Singh, Dheerendra (1 June 2019).
822:
805:
423:
395:
510:
was the main developer of these drive trains for military vehicles in
175:
IC engines can operate at their peak RPM range throughout and improve
552:
666:
160:
32:
382:
Dick, Kerr & Co. petrol electric locomotive under construction
225:
coupled to the engine and a motor/generator coupled to the wheels.
523:
501:
87:
806:"Urban and Extra-Urban Hybrid Vehicles: A Technological Review"
410:
168:. Electric motors can deliver peak torque at a wide range of
124:
83:
1060:"MaritimeQuest – A Class (1902) Submarines Class Overview"
172:. Small engines result in a compact design and more space.
67:; but petrol–electric has become popular again in modern
707:
309:
Examples of petrol–electric rail vehicles include the
234:
Having two types of motor adds weight and complexity
484:Petrol–electric systems were tested on the British
504:P was also designed with a petrol–electric drive.
328:and the petrol–electric locomotives built for the
1159:
1086:
903:
854:
255:using petrol–electric transmission include the
1111:
754:
358:North Eastern Railway Autocar at Filey Station
394:Crochat petrol electric railcar preserved at
714:Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
287:Owen Magnetic touring car 1920 advertisement
55:transport, in the early 20th century. After
40:
39:. Petrol–electric transmission was used for
980:"Another five forgotten Detroit-built cars"
581:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
238:
921:
872:
831:
821:
772:
684:
601:Learn how and when to remove this message
63:, a similar transmission system used for
123:
1160:
1034:. David and Charles. pp. 157–159.
1029:
803:
536:
1032:Light Railways of the First World War
1173:Automotive transmission technologies
579:adding citations to reliable sources
546:
479:
109:acts as the prime mover, powering a
977:
275:Tilling-Stevens petrol–electric bus
214:Petrol–electric vehicles have many
13:
98:Petrol–electric vehicles follow a
14:
1184:
1005:"Minnesota Transportation Museum"
804:Capata, Roberto (November 2018).
182:Petrol–electric vehicles have an
84:Arad & Csanad United Railways
1089:French Tanks of World War II (1)
910:Journal of Modern Transportation
861:Journal of Modern Transportation
551:
467:
455:
402:
387:
375:
370:Gas–electric "Doodlebug" railcar
363:
351:
292:
280:
268:
208:
204:and can deliver step-less power.
1130:
1105:
1080:
1074:"Espacenet – Original document"
1066:
1052:
1038:
1023:
409:Weitzer railmotor produced for
107:internal combustion (IC) engine
59:, it was largely superseded by
997:
971:
946:
897:
848:
797:
748:
701:
660:
93:
21:gasoline–electric transmission
1:
654:
644:Turbine–electric transmission
496:in 1917. The latter used the
448:Russian submarine Krab (1912)
330:War Department Light Railways
322:GE 57-ton gas–electric boxcab
143:
76:War Department Light Railways
639:Diesel–electric transmission
314:1903 Petrol Electric Autocar
61:diesel–electric transmission
17:Petrol–electric transmission
7:
649:Turbo-electric transmission
632:
52:
10:
1189:
1116:. Darlington Productions.
774:10.1007/s42154-021-00139-z
540:
100:series hybrid architecture
1087:Steven J. Zaloga (2014).
923:10.1007/s40534-019-0184-3
874:10.1007/s40534-019-0184-3
726:10.1007/s12206-019-0943-4
417:
230:electric traction motors.
121:for the vehicle to move.
48:
44:
41:a variety of applications
25:gas–electric transmission
615:hybrid electric vehicles
444:SM U-1 (Austria-Hungary)
440:A-class submarine (1903)
152:are more efficient than
150:Electric traction motors
69:hybrid electric vehicles
1112:Thomas L Jentz (1997).
1046:"Submarine Photo Index"
1030:Davies, W.J.K. (1967).
984:Mac's Motor City Garage
543:Hybrid electric vehicle
436:Plunger-class submarine
304:
243:
239:Historical applications
216:energy-conversion steps
82:or for privately owned
490:Holt gas–electric tank
474:Russian submarine Krab
202:automatic transmission
129:
761:Automotive Innovation
686:10.3390/thermo1020010
311:North Eastern Railway
127:
1138:"Ferdinand/Elephant"
978:MCG (24 June 2014).
617:. Examples include:
575:improve this section
338:British Westinghouse
334:Dick, Kerr & Co.
318:Doodlebug (rail car)
190:Regenerative braking
1011:on 14 February 2015
537:Modern applications
263:touring car (USA).
29:transmission system
823:10.3390/en11112924
623:Honda Civic Hybrid
619:Ford Fusion Hybrid
184:idle-stop function
130:
27:(US English) is a
720:(10): 5043–5050.
611:
610:
603:
514:. He created the
508:Ferdinand Porsche
498:Crochat-Colardeau
480:Military vehicles
343:Crochat-Colardeau
340:. In France, the
326:Weitzer railmotor
259:bus (UK) and the
228:They need larger
195:anti lock braking
86:. In France, the
1180:
1168:Gasoline engines
1153:
1152:
1150:
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1007:. Archived from
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531:super-heavy tank
471:
462:USS Plunger S2-1
459:
406:
391:
379:
367:
355:
299:St. Chamond tank
296:
284:
272:
19:(UK English) or
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432:diesel–electric
426:that served in
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371:
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359:
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307:
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257:Tilling-Stevens
246:
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146:
119:tractive effort
96:
12:
11:
5:
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1155:
1154:
1142:Achtung Panzer
1129:
1123:978-1892848031
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679:(2): 134–150.
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541:Main article:
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117:that provides
115:traction motor
104:spark ignition
95:
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65:diesel engines
37:petrol engines
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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916:(2): 77–107.
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867:(2): 77–107.
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833:11573/1179587
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560:This section
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261:Owen Magnetic
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209:Disadvantages
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1145:. Retrieved
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1113:
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1031:
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1013:. Retrieved
1009:the original
999:
987:. Retrieved
983:
973:
961:. Retrieved
957:
948:
913:
909:
899:
864:
860:
850:
816:(11): 2924.
813:
809:
799:
764:
760:
750:
717:
713:
703:
676:
672:
662:
627:Toyota Prius
612:
597:
591:January 2023
588:
573:Please help
561:
512:Nazi Germany
506:
486:Mark II tank
483:
421:
341:
308:
248:Examples of
247:
138:
131:
97:
73:
24:
20:
16:
15:
1015:14 February
767:(1): 3–22.
516:VK 3001 (P)
492:and French
488:, American
428:World War I
94:Description
80:World War I
57:World War I
35:powered by
1162:Categories
1147:7 February
1091:. Osprey.
989:9 December
963:9 December
655:References
424:submarines
396:Pithiviers
154:IC engines
144:Advantages
940:116131313
932:2196-0577
891:116131313
883:2196-0577
842:1996-1073
791:232051914
783:2522-8765
742:208845980
734:1976-3824
695:2673-7264
562:does not
223:generator
161:air pumps
111:generator
810:Energies
633:See also
253:vehicles
166:traction
33:vehicles
583:removed
568:sources
524:Elefant
520:VK 4501
502:Char G1
438:(USA),
177:mileage
88:Crochat
78:during
1120:
1095:
938:
930:
889:
881:
840:
789:
781:
740:
732:
693:
673:Thermo
442:(UK),
418:Marine
197:(ABS).
53:marine
51:, and
936:S2CID
887:S2CID
787:S2CID
738:S2CID
430:were
422:Most
411:ACsEV
1149:2010
1118:ISBN
1093:ISBN
1017:2015
991:2022
965:2022
928:ISSN
879:ISSN
838:ISSN
779:ISSN
730:ISSN
691:ISSN
566:any
564:cite
528:Maus
336:and
305:Rail
250:road
244:Road
170:RPMs
102:. A
49:rail
45:road
31:for
918:doi
869:doi
828:hdl
818:doi
769:doi
722:doi
681:doi
577:by
332:by
134:RPM
43:in
23:or
1164::
1140:.
982:.
956:.
934:.
926:.
914:27
912:.
908:.
885:.
877:.
865:27
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859:.
836:.
826:.
814:11
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808:.
785:.
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763:.
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718:33
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1019:.
993:.
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920::
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871::
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830::
820::
793:.
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765:4
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598:(
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589:(
585:.
571:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
