22:
457:
188:
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137:
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578:
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384:, marking a new development in Netherlandish portraiture. It no longer shows the sitter in front of a neutral background, but in a concrete space defined by the background wall panels. Christus had already perfected this format in his two portraits of 1446. The unknown woman, whose exquisite clothing suggests that she might come from France, radiates an aura of discretion and of nobility, while appearing slightly unreal in the elegant stylization of her form.
940:
167:, his paintings have sometimes been confused with those of van Eyck. At the death of van Eyck in 1441, it is thought that Christus took over his master's workshop. Christus purchased his Bruges citizenship in 1444, exactly three years after van Eyck's death, taking advantage of a decree set down by
171:
allowing in men indebted to him after the Bruges Revolt of 1436–38. Had he been an active pupil in van Eyck's Bruges workshop in 1441, he would have received his citizenship automatically after the customary period of one year and one day. Christus may have been van Eyck's successor in the Bruges
222:
A document testifying to the presence of a "Piero da
Bruggia" (Petrus from Bruges?) in Milan may suggest that he visited that city at the same time as Antonello, and the two artists may even have met. This might account for the remarkable similarities between the
1186:
214:
and other
Italian artists, but it is known that his paintings were purchased by Italians from the large community of foreign merchants in Bruges. Indeed, nearly half of his paintings were commissioned by Italians, or have a
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1095:
1691:
172:
school, but perhaps not his pupil. Recent research reveals that
Christus, long seen only in his predecessor's light, was an independent painter whose work shows just as much influence from, among others,
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1039:
522:
456:
364:
that it has been suggested that the picture may have been painted for an
Italian client. The Metropolitan Museum of Art has five of the thirty paintings usually attributed to him.
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establishing himself in the city in the mid-1460s, Christus was the leading painter in Bruges, which was then the leading
Netherlandish centre of painting.
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251:
in
Frankfurt, seemingly dated 1457 (the third digit is illegible), is the first known Northern picture to demonstrate accurate linear perspective.
543:
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It is unknown whether
Christus visited Italy, and brought style and technical accomplishments of the Northern European painters directly to
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998:
21:
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Christus produced at least six signed and dated works, which form the basis for any other attributions to him. These are: the
1777:
1762:
1666:
1255:
1223:
951:
290:
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944:
842:
Martens, Maximiliaan P.J. "New
Information on Petrus Christus's Biography and the Patronage of His Brussels Lamentation."
1498:
1202:
369:
192:
87:
473:
112:
Christus was an anonymous figure for centuries, his importance not established until the work of modern art historians.
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1543:
1503:
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Oclc.org: "15th to 18th century
European paintings: France, Central Europe, the Netherlands, Spain, and Great Britain"
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886:
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1711:
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247:, was one of the first Italian painters to use oil paint like his Netherlandish contemporaries. Further, Christus'
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98:); both are highly innovative in the presentation of the figure against detailed, rather than flat, backgrounds.
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in Bruges (showing the
Annunciation and Nativity) bears a date of 1452, but its authenticity is suspect.
328:
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In 1462, Christus and his wife, Gaudicine, enrolled at the Confraternity of the Dry Tree, from which his
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1538:
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The Early Portrait, from the Collection of the Prince of Liechtenstein and the Kunstmuseum Basel
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were important in establishing Christus's biographical details and in attributing works to him.
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8:
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From Van Eyck to Bruegel: Early Netherlandish Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art
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79:. Today, some 30 works are confidently attributed to him. The best known include the
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956:
online collection catalog (PDF), with material on Petrus Christus (cat. no. 12)
392:
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and made dean of the guild in 1471. Bruges listed him dead in 1473, though the
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and many of Antonello's portraits, including the supposed self-portrait in the
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855:. University Park and London: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1990.
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with the Annunciation, Nativity, and Last Judgment (Gemäldegalerie,
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in London. It would also explain how Italian painters learned about
1635:
903:
Sterling, Charles (March 1971). "Observations on Petrus Christus".
116:
barely mentions him in his biographies of painters, written in the
75:
and a meticulous technique which seems derived from miniatures and
976:
339:, Frankfurt am Main, 1457?). In addition, a pair of panels in the
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1625:
361:
852:
Petrus Christus: His Place in Fifteenth-Century Flemish Painting
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970:
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124:(who identified him French-style as "Pierre Christophsen") and
56:
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from Italy or Spain, or were soon copied in those countries.
1640:
645:
Davies, Martin. "Netherlandish Primitives: Petrus Christus".
160:
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307:(Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1446), the so-called
788:
Painted Paradoxes: The Trompe-L’Oeil Fly in the Renaissance
333:
Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints Jerome and Francis
249:
Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints Francis and Jerome
274:
succeeded Christus as the next great painter in Bruges.
1187:
Portrait of a Male Donor and Portrait of a Female Donor
844:
Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art.
768:
Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
689:
Lesberg, Sandy, ed. (1974) . "Glossary of Gothic Art".
618:". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 9 March 2014
301:(on loan to the National Gallery, London, 1446), the
872:
63:, he became the leading painter after the death of
1025:(Virgin and Child with Saint Barbara and Jan Vos)
260:may derive its name. He was made a member of the
1754:
1088:Madonna Enthroned with Saints jerome and Francis
163:. Long considered a student of and successor to
356:, seems so closely inspired a marble relief by
616:Petrus Christus (active by 1444, died 1475/76)
1231:
1096:St. Elizabeth Presenting Isabella of Portugal
992:
877:Petrus Christus: Renaissance master of Bruges
881:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1601:Master of the Amsterdam Death of the Virgin
1509:Master of the Legend of St. Ursula (Bruges)
380:, Berlin) belongs among the masterworks of
1238:
1224:
999:
985:
814:, 2009, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009.
742:"Petrus Christus | Netherlandish painter"
695:. New York: Peebles Press International.
902:
647:The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs
281:
239:and how Northern painters learned about
186:
135:
20:
688:
661:
649:, Volume 70, No. 408, 1937. 138–39, 143
1755:
967:2 artworks by or after Petrus Christus
71:and is noted for his innovations with
51:1410/1420 – c. 1475/1476) was an
1219:
1104:Virgin and Child Enthroned on a Porch
980:
610:
608:
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321:Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten
291:Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
141:Isabel of Portugal with St. Elizabeth
42:
1682:Arts in the court of Philip the Good
1672:Works by Early Netherlandish masters
1514:Master of the Legend of the Magdalen
780:
684:
682:
101:For the period between the death of
67:. He was influenced by van Eyck and
1499:Master of the Legend of St. Barbara
1040:St. John the Baptist in a Landscape
1006:
13:
1692:Members of the Guild of Saint Luke
1504:Master of the Legend of Saint Lucy
866:
725:The Virgin of the dry Treeca. 1465
603:
467:, 1449. Metropolitan Museum of Art
428:(On loan from the Earl of Verulam)
44:[ˈpeːtrʏsˈkrɪstʏs,-ˈxrɪs-]
14:
1809:
1494:Master of the Embroidered Foliage
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391:is the earliest known example of
1544:Master of the View of Ste-Gudule
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323:, Antwerp, 1449), the so-called
229:Los Angeles County Museum of Art
1606:Master of the Figdor Deposition
1534:Master of the Morrison Triptych
1489:Master of the Antwerp Adoration
771:
759:
734:
1788:Burgundian Netherlands artists
1080:Virgin and Child in an Archway
846:20.1 (1990–1991): 5–23. Print.
670:
639:
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268:says he died in 1475 or 1476.
227:attributed to Christus in the
1:
1591:Jacob Cornelisz van Oostsanen
1519:Master of the Lille Adoration
873:Ainsworth, Maryan W. (1994).
800:
374:
197:
92:
59:from 1444, where, along with
48:
16:Flemish painter (c.1410–1475)
1778:Paintings by Petrus Christus
1763:Early Netherlandish painters
1667:Early Netherlandish painting
1529:Master of the Mansi Magdalen
1179:Portrait of a Kneeling Canon
945:Paintings by Petrus Christus
382:Early Netherlandish painting
311:(Metropolitan Museum of Art
299:Portrait of Edward Grymeston
7:
464:St. Eligius in His Workshop
329:Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
53:Early Netherlandish painter
10:
1814:
1539:Master of the Prodigal Son
1524:Master of the Lübeck Bible
516:drawing of man with falcon
448:Metropolitan Museum of Art
405:
367:A late work, the reserved
354:Metropolitan Museum of Art
266:Metropolitan Museum of Art
30:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1783:People from Baarle-Nassau
1712:Netherlandish Renaissance
1659:
1618:
1552:
1265:
1254:
1190:(triptych wings, c. 1455)
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1014:
832:. Munich: Prestel, 2006.
794:, vol. 26, 2008, pp. 7-13
731:. Retrieved 2 August 2020
535:Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum
1742:Nativity of Jesus in art
1203:Portrait of a Young Girl
1154:Portrait of a Carthusian
729:Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza
597:
443:Portrait of a Carthusian
389:Portrait of a Carthusian
370:Portrait of a Young Girl
317:Virgin Nursing the Child
313:Robert Lehman Collection
304:Portrait of a Carthusian
277:
243:. Antonello, along with
193:Portrait of a Young Girl
88:Portrait of a Young Girl
82:Portrait of a Carthusian
1247:Early Netherlandish art
1171:A Goldsmith in His Shop
1119:Madonna of the Dry Tree
746:Encyclopædia Britannica
590:National Gallery of Art
565:Portrait of a Young Man
530:Madonna of the Dry Tree
315:, New York, 1449), the
309:St. Eligius in His Shop
257:Madonna of the Dry Tree
131:
77:manuscript illumination
1576:Geertgen tot Sint Jans
1434:Vrancke van der Stockt
1015:Single religious works
808:Ainsworth, Maryan Wynn
552:, 1452. Gemäldegalerie
482:, 1452. Gemäldegalerie
294:
207:
205:Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
148:
126:Johann David Passavant
32:
1793:15th-century painters
1737:Adoration of the Magi
1444:Rogier van der Weyden
1439:Goswin van der Weyden
1067:(attributed, c. 1450)
1043:(attributed, c. 1445)
947:at Wikimedia Commons
895:Schabacker, Peter H.
828:Kemperdick, Stephan.
777:Kemperdick (2006), 23
346:The composition of a
285:
190:
182:Rogier van der Weyden
151:Christus was born in
139:
69:Rogier van der Weyden
24:
1707:Northern Renaissance
1702:International Gothic
1581:Jan Joest van Calcar
1556:Northern Netherlands
1553:Active mainly in the
1424:Aert van den Bossche
1269:Southern Netherlands
1266:Active mainly in the
360:in the cathedral at
325:"Berlin Altar Wings"
212:Antonello da Messina
1732:Ghent-Bruges school
1687:Guild of Saint Luke
1559:(mostly present-day
1319:Melchior Broederlam
1272:(mostly present-day
1256:Early Netherlandish
1135:Death of the Virgin
1032:Lamentation (Pietà)
962:Review of Ainsworth
667:Martens (1990), 5–6
262:Guild of Saint Luke
1717:Northern Mannerism
1677:Flemish Primitives
1484:Master of Affligem
1384:Cornelis Liefrinck
1379:Adriaen Isenbrandt
786:Kandice Rawlings,
592:, Washington, D.C.
550:The Last Judgement
295:
241:linear perspective
208:
149:
73:linear perspective
33:
1798:Catholic painters
1750:
1749:
1722:Antwerp Mannerism
1697:Netherlandish art
1614:
1613:
1596:Master of Alkmaar
1479:Jacob van Utrecht
1474:Bernard van Orley
1469:Lieven van Lathem
1429:Hugo van der Goes
1304:Lancelot Blondeel
1213:
1212:
1195:Portrait of a Man
943:Media related to
899:. Utrecht, 1974.
658:Martens (1990), 5
495:Madonna and Child
331:, 1452), and the
225:Portrait of a Man
1805:
1586:Lucas van Leyden
1571:Hieronymus Bosch
1449:Jan van Dornicke
1369:Gerard Horenbout
1299:Ambrosius Benson
1289:Alexander Bening
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1249:(c. 1420s–1530s)
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1374:Lucas Horenbout
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1334:Pierre Coustain
1329:Petrus Christus
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897:Petrus Christus
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766:The Lamentation
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1394:Simon Marmion
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1339:Jacques Daret
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1324:Robert Campin
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1284:Luís Alimbrot
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1064:Annunciation
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178:Robert Campin
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122:Gustav Waagen
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27:
23:
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1773:1470s deaths
1768:1410s births
1619:Main centres
1459:Jan van Eyck
1419:Jan Provoost
1404:Hans Memling
1364:Jan Gossaert
1349:Jean Delemer
1344:Gerard David
1328:
1314:Dieric Bouts
1294:Simon Bening
1206:(c. 1465–70)
1201:
1193:
1185:
1177:
1169:
1161:Portrait of
1160:
1152:
1138:(c. 1460–65)
1133:
1125:
1117:
1110:
1107:(c. 1460–65)
1102:
1099:(c. 1457–60)
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1083:(c. 1450–55)
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749:. Retrieved
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623:
588:, c. 1460s.
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319:(now in the
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272:Hans Memling
270:
255:
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237:oil painting
224:
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165:Jan van Eyck
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111:
107:Hans Memling
105:in 1441 and
103:Jan van Eyck
100:
86:
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65:Jan van Eyck
61:Hans Memling
35:
34:
25:
18:
1562:Netherlands
1354:Jan de Beer
1112:Crucifixion
911:(1): 1–26.
514:Silverpoint
497:, 1460–65.
378: 1470
349:Lamentation
287:Lamentation
201: 1470
143:, 1457–60.
118:Renaissance
96: 1470
85:(1446) and
28:, c. 1450,
1757:Categories
801:References
692:Gothic Art
450:, New York
426:, London.
293:, Brussels
217:provenance
174:Dirk Bouts
55:active in
1651:The Hague
1636:Brussels
1198:(c. 1465)
1182:(c. 1455)
1146:Portraits
1130:(c. 1465)
1122:(c. 1465)
1075:(c. 1450)
1059:(c. 1450)
1051:(c. 1445)
1048:Ecce Homo
1035:(c. 1444)
1027:(c. 1444)
751:12 August
1166:, (1446)
1127:Nativity
810:et al.,
585:Nativity
571:, London
537:, Madrid
501:, Madrid
480:Nativity
446:, 1446.
422:, 1446.
147:, Bruges
1660:General
1646:Tournai
1626:Antwerp
1275:Belgium
1258:artists
925:3048794
792:Athanor
711:2163980
406:Gallery
395:with a
362:Palermo
157:Antwerp
155:, near
1631:Bruges
1174:(1449)
1157:(1446)
1091:(1457)
971:Art UK
923:
885:
859:
836:
818:
709:
699:
337:Städel
153:Baarle
57:Bruges
40:Dutch:
1641:Ghent
921:JSTOR
598:Notes
278:Works
161:Breda
973:site
883:ISBN
857:ISBN
834:ISBN
816:ISBN
753:2020
707:OCLC
697:ISBN
387:The
180:and
159:and
132:Life
913:doi
727:".
402:.
400:fly
1759::
954:—
919:.
909:53
907:.
822:,
790:,
744:.
705:.
681:^
605:^
375:c.
203:.
198:c.
196:,
176:,
93:c.
49:c.
47:;
1564:)
1277:)
1239:e
1232:t
1225:v
1000:e
993:t
986:v
958:.
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915::
891:.
755:.
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614:"
373:(
335:(
184:.
91:(
38:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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