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without being drawn there (the penalty for high treason was drawing and burning). In later years the law offered a modicum of mercy to women who were to be executed in this fashion: the executioner was equipped with a cord passed around the victim's throat and, standing outside of the fire, would
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The element of betrayal is the reason why this crime was considered worse than an ordinary murder; medieval and post-medieval society rested on a framework in which each person had his or her appointed place and such murders were seen as threatening this framework. Many people had somebody
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pull it tight, strangling her before the flames could reach her. In a few instances, however, this could go wrong, with the cord burning through and the victim burning alive; the ensuing scandals contributed to the abolition of this punishment and its replacement by hanging in 1790.
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gold or silver coin was also petty treason before the 1351 Act elevated this to high treason. However the method of execution was not changed.
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Chitty's
Practical Treatise on Criminal Law (1819 Ed.), vol.3, paragraphs 742 to 745 (pp 176 to 179) (preliminary notes)
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The rules of evidence and procedure in petty treason trials were the same as in high treason trials, except that the
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did not apply to petty treason. Petty treason also differed from high treason in that the legal defence of
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in which a person killed or otherwise violated the authority of a social superior, other than the king. In
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46:. It was abolished in Ireland in 1829. It never existed in Scotland. It has also been abolished in other
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subordinate to them and feared the consequences if the murder of superiors was not punished harshly.
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J.G. Bellamy, The Law of
Treason in England in the Later Middle Ages, CUP, (2004 ed.), Appendix II
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The punishment for a man convicted of petty treason was to be drawn to the place of execution and
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Section 1 (repealing the previous statute) and section 2 (assimilating the offence to murder).
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was available for petty treason until 1496, whereas it was never available for high treason.
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The Act abolished three other forms of petty treason which had existed under common law:
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Contempt of sovereign or statute (breach of any statutory wording as a crime)
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322:(1806 Ed) vol.1, Chapter V, Part VII (sections 98 to 104) (pp 336–339)
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as in the case of high treason. The punishment for a woman was to be
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Until-dawn detention for being a stranger passing a night-watchman
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a servant killing his master or mistress, or his master's wife.
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and paragraphs 779 to 781 (pp 211–214) (specimen indictments)
71:. Under that Act, petty treason was an aggravated form of
361:(1867 ed.), Book 4, Chapter 14, paragraphs 203 and 204
38:, petty treason ceased to be a distinct offence from
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155:, by which a verdict of murder could be reduced to
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159:, was also available in petty treason trials.
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369:– the commentary in footnotes differs) (from
335:(1797 Ed.), Part 3, Chapter 2 (pp 19 to 36)
67:The common law offence was codified in the
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263:, William Blackstone, Book 4 chapter 14
224:, William Blackstone, Book 4 chapter 6"
16:Offence under the common law of England
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97:a wife attempting to kill her husband,
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363:(See also 1791 ed. pages 202 to 204
44:Offences against the Person Act 1828
261:Commentaries on the Laws of England
222:Commentaries on the Laws of England
111:with his master's wife or daughter.
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799:1828 disestablishments in England
649:Forgery, personation and cheating
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200:9 Geo.4 c. 31, sections 1 and 3.
804:1828 disestablishments in Wales
771:For current overview table see
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294:(1800 ed.) vol. 1, chapter XXIX
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143:Defences and rules of procedure
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63:Codification in English law
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26:was an offence under the
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640:Fraudulent conversion
107:a servant committing
809:English criminal law
773:English criminal law
677:Compounding a felony
672:Misprision of felony
580:and kindred offences
48:common-law countries
136:burned at the stake
75:. It consisted of:
54:Element of betrayal
814:Treason in England
767:History portal
732:; informal use of
712:Criminal behaviour
453:Arrestable offence
819:Murder in England
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597:Blasphemous libel
477:Inchoate offences
436:Classes of crimes
366:and the 1825 ed.
333:Coke's Institutes
230:on 2 October 2011
168:benefit of clergy
42:by virtue of the
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24:petit treason
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20:Petty treason
719:Common scold
635:Embezzlement
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448:Misdemeanour
426:Part of the
381:Google Books
371:Google Books
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234:30 September
232:. Retrieved
228:the original
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157:manslaughter
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506:Provocation
209:Hale p. 380
153:provocation
151:defence of
788:Categories
703:Felo de se
485:Incitement
428:common law
174:References
149:common law
130:, but not
28:common law
724:Loitering
687:Embracery
602:Blasphemy
540:Treachery
304:Hawkin's
179:Footnotes
132:quartered
656:Cheating
592:Sedition
518:or state
494:Defences
109:adultery
630:Larceny
558:Buggery
318:East's
290:Hale's
122:Penalty
84:prelate
32:England
734:stocks
443:Felony
430:series
379:(from
350:(from
337:(from
324:(from
310:(from
296:(from
128:hanged
73:murder
40:murder
236:2011
147:The
104:, or
102:seal
30:of
22:or
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50:.
410:e
403:t
396:v
238:.
220:"
86:,
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