Kataeb Party - Knowledge

2085: 1367: 1620: 2151: 1484: 436: 2128: 355: 425: 450: 418: 443: 3673: 334: 2645: 475: 1321:. During this period, Kataeb led many social struggles to consolidate national cohesion and promote individual liberties and social welfare. The Kataeb elaborated the first Lebanese "labour charter" in 1937. It was a pioneering initiative as it called for a minimum wage, a limitation of working hours, and paid leaves. The Kataeb was one of the first Lebanese parties to have a solid avant-garde economic program and organized social activism throughout Lebanon. 468: 1023:(1905–1950). Mounier's ideas, which gained prominence among Catholic students in France during the 1930s, were integral in shaping the party's philosophical underpinnings. In the Kataeb's first party program, presented at their inaugural congress in 1956, the party clearly reflected Mounier's personalist principles, which advocated for a society of citizens rather than mere collective nationalism. This approach starkly contrasted with the ideology of the 461: 56: 4250: 411: 2631: 1352:

mandates held by its members, it made elementary education mandatory, and improved the public school infrastructure. On a social level, the Kataeb Party introduced "labor laws" and contributed decisively to social security law. The party played a key role in promoting modern institutions that are still today the pillars of the Lebanese administrative system, including the Civil Service Council, the Central Inspection Board, and many others.

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Syrian rule in Lebanon were systematically muzzled. Christian parties paid the highest price for their resistance to Syrian hegemony and their leaders were either eliminated, exiled, or imprisoned. Kataeb's spirit was still strong between its members and sympathizers. This started to be visible in the late 1990s when Kataeb students participated actively in the student and intellectual resistance that started to be heard.

1358:, leader of the party and minister of public works, gave Lebanon a large part of its modern infrastructure by completing 440 development projects during his term. Lebanon was at its peak and became a first-tier destination for world tourism. But what was labeled as the "Switzerland of the Middle East" was a shaky construction, with the influx of Palestinian refugees after 1949 setting the stage for an ominous future. 1821:, Amine's second son, had formed his own political ideas and identity at the time, much closer in principle and in a manner to those of his uncle Bachir. He was very opposed to Pakradouni and his Syrian ties and thus was not a fan of this reconciliation. This drew Samy away from the party and prompted him to create a Think-Tank/Research-Center on Federalism named Loubnanouna, "Our Lebanon". 1437:

the Army in preparation for the struggle to recover sovereignty and provide security for Lebanon. The same efforts to liberate the country culminated in the Agreement on Security Arrangements of 17 May 1983, which was somewhat an affirmation of the Armistice Agreement of 1949 with Israel even though this agreement was never concluded because of the opposition of Syria and then Israel.

1413:, son of Pierre Gemayel and leader of the Lebanese Forces, was assassinated in 1982 when an explosion rocked the Party's headquarters in the Achrafieh area of Beirut. The architect of the blast was a member of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. In the aftermath of the assassination, Amin Gemayel, the eldest son of Pierre Gemayel, was elected President of the Lebanese Republic. 1193:, it was administered by a network of Phalangist-controlled business corporations headed by the GAMMA Group "brain-trust", backed by the DELTA computer company, and the SONAPORT holding. The latter had run since 1975 the legal commercial ports of Jounieh and Beirut, including the infamous clandestine "Dock Five" – "Cinquième basin" in 1343:

organization which made its fame and became its trademark. In 1958 the Kataeb was the key actor in confronting the coup influenced by pan-Arabists led by Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of the ephemeral United Arab Republic (Egypt, Syria, and Yemen), and succeeded in maintaining Lebanon's independence and liberal identity.

1027:(SSNP), which emphasized the primacy of the nation over the intrinsic value of the individual. The adoption of these ideas marked a significant shift within the party and was particularly popularized by young Phalangist intellectuals who had encountered Mounier's thought during their university studies in France. 1806:

and other minor parties. The Kataeb won 4 seats in the June 2005 elections, 3 representing the Gemayel Leadership (Pierre Gemayel, Solange Gemayel, and Antoine Ghanem) and 1 representing the official leadership of the Party. They formed one parliamentary bloc after a reconciliation that took place in

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In 1975, following these developments, and coupled with the disintegration of the state institutions and the army, the country became an open battlefield. Many foreign states were directly and militarily involved in the Lebanese conflict, especially Syria, which, under the banner of Arab solidarity,

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as the minister of industry. Pierre played an important role in the reorganization and development of the party. His assassination in November 2006 was a major blow to the party. Syrian intelligence and "Fateh Al Islam" have been accused of the assassination. With 14 March Alliance forces, the party

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During the Lebanese Civil War, many predominantly Christian militias were formed that gained support from the north of Lebanon. These militias were staunchly right-wing, nationalist, and anti-Palestinian with a majority of their members being Maronite. The Kataeb party was the most powerful of these

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was the slaughter of between 762 and 3,500 civilians, almost all Palestinians, by a Lebanese Christian militia in the Sabra and Shatila Palestinian refugee camps in Beirut, Lebanon from approximately 6:00 pm 16 September to 8:00 am 18 September 1982. The massacre was presented as retaliation for the

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and laid its modern foundation, introduced many economic reforms, and started to rebuild Beirut's central district. The war was still raging and Lebanon's neighbors, mainly Syria and Israel, expanded their influence in Lebanon. On the other hand, the Kataeb Party suffered a great loss with the death

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who tried to take over Lebanon and also the French, whom they saw as trying to infiltrate their culture and impose themselves within Lebanon. Gemayel and the Kataeb Party have always believed in an independent and sovereign Lebanon free of all foreign influence. It actively took part in the struggle

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Since the end of Syria's occupation of Lebanon in 2005, the Kataeb Party has been attracted once again to new generations and has regained its role as one of the major political actors in Lebanon. The Party has a large network in Lebanon and abroad and one cannot find a major city or town without a

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the Kataeb Party managed to win 5 seats. 1 in the Metn Caza, 1 in the Beirut-1 Caza, 1 in Zahle, 1 in the Aley Caza and another in the Tripoli Caza. The victories in Beirut-1 and Zahle as well as not allowing the opposition's list to win fully in Metn were major upsets to the General Aoun's FPM who

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Syrian troops effectively left Lebanon on 26 April 2005. At the same time, the Kataeb Party reunited and retrieved its historical role. Pierre Amin Gemayel played a key role in reuniting the Party in 2006. Pierre Gemayel was assassinated on 21 November 2006, and in 2007, the Party was dealt another

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Despite the turmoil caused by the civil strife in Lebanon and the raging wars that devastated the country, President Gemayel was able to accomplish many achievements during his presidential mandate. One of his first achievements was to rebuild the State's institutions and to reorganize and resupply

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After having succeeded in preserving the Lebanese formula, Kataeb Party ranks grew considerably and reached 70,000 members, out of a total population of 2.2 million. The Party achieved many electoral successes and became the main Christian component of successive governments. During the ministerial

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Kataeb struggled to preserve Lebanon's independence facing the growing appetite of its neighbors. The Party expanded considerably its presence throughout the territory and attracted thousands of new members, undoubtedly forming one of the largest parties in the Middle East. Kataeb adopted a modern

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who deemed it was time to turn the page and give those who were unfaithful to the party principles a second chance. Practically, it was a way for Pakradouni and his men to leave the Party with as little humiliation as possible since the reconciliation deal stipulated the resignation of the entire

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His sons Pierre and Samy, had returned in 1997 and had been working on reorganizing the popular base of the party. His return was not welcomed by the established leadership of the party who had become government puppets. To distinguish themselves from the official leadership, Gemayel's supporters

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The Party is strongly concerned about the presence of Palestinian refugees with their regional and domestic ramifications. Notwithstanding that the Kataeb has recently attempted to improve the inhumane living conditions of refugees through Parliament, it remains concerned about latent or gradual

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The Party has an active parliamentary group and has MPs elected in nearly all major Christian constituencies such as Beirut, Metn, Zahlé, Aley, and the North. Kataeb Ministers have been particularly active in governments led by the 14 March coalition, namely in the Ministries of Industry, Social

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The Kataeb Party calls for an objective assessment of the Lebanese political system's limitations in order to guarantee the required political stability, security, and economic prosperity. The series of political crises that Lebanon witnessed since its first independence in 1943 highlighted the

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In 1990, the Lebanese War came to a close when Syrian forces maintained their grip over the entire country leading to fifteen years of occupation during which President Amin Gemayel was exiled to France and the Kataeb Party fell under Syrian influence. Organized institutions that could endanger

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The Kataeb Party entered the political and parliamentary scene during the late 1940s after a period in which it refrained from entering the political arena to focus mainly on the promotion of the youth and on social issues, away from the trivialities of post-mandate politics.

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We, as the Kataeb party, have alone faced surrendering to Hezbollah's will, isolating Lebanon from its surroundings, electing Michel Aoun as president, the electoral law that gave the majority to Hezbollah, and quotas and fictitious budgets such as taxes, power ships, and

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did not have the reputation that it has now. Nazism? In every system in the world, you can find something good. But Nazism was not Nazism at all. The word came afterwards. In their system, I saw discipline. And we in the Middle East, we need discipline more than anything

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Eventually, all this led to the Independence Uprising in February 2005 and on 14 March 2005 more than a million Lebanese filled the streets of central Beirut to demand Syrian withdrawal and the restoration of sovereignty. The Kataeb Party extensively participated in the

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We, as the Kataeb party, have alone faced surrender to Hezbollah's will, isolating Lebanon from its surroundings, electing Michel Aoun as president, the electoral law that gave the majority to Hezbollah, and quotas and fictitious budgets such as taxes, power ships, and

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was heading to Kataeb headquarters in Beirut when his car, a red Opel, was intercepted by two BMW cars and one red van, 100m away from his home. Between eight and ten gunmen were in the attacking squad, they pulled him out of his car and forced him into the van.

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Disbanded in January 1961 by order of the Kataeb Party's Political Bureau, Hawi created in their place the Kataeb Regulatory Forces. In order to coordinate the activities of all Phalange paramilitary forces, the Political Bureau set up the Kataeb War Council

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started referring to themselves as "The Kataeb Base" or "The Kataeb Reform Movement". General consensus amongst Lebanese always recognized Gemayel as the legitimate Leader of the party, not because of lineage but because of most of the popular support.

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Driven by this ideal and the preservation of freedom and Christian dignity in the Middle East, more than 4,000 members of the party died for this cause. The Kataeb Party succeeded in getting two of its leaders elected to the presidency. President-elect

959:. We went to the Olympic Games of 1936 in Berlin. And I saw then this discipline and order. And I said to myself: "Why can't we do the same thing in Lebanon?" So when we came back to Lebanon, we created this youth movement. When I was in Berlin then, 804:, who led the party through much of the war. In decline in the late 1980s and 1990s, the party slowly re-emerged in the early 2000s and is currently part of the Lebanese opposition. The party currently holds 4 out of the 128 seats in the 1919:

During the 2009 parliamentary elections that saw the victory of the Party and its allies, Kataeb presented a comprehensive program under the title of "Pact of Stability". The vision of the Party revolves around the following main ideas:

1720:. Bachir was thought to have been radical in his approach and hinted at possible peace agreements with Israel while trying to expel all Palestinian refugees from Lebanon. In contrast, Amine was thought to have been much more moderate. 1638:

Throughout the 1975 Civil War, the Phalange Party was the most important force within the Christian camp, and its militia carried out most of the fighting as part of the Lebanese Front, the mostly Christian rightist coalition.

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Adopting decentralization in order to be closer to the citizens and guarantee basic rights and freedoms, in order to manage constructively Lebanon's cultural pluralism and to ensure development in all parts of the Lebanese

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units, the "1st Commando" and the "2nd Commando" were created in 1963, soon followed by the "Pierre Gemayel" squad (later a company) and a VIP protection squad. To this was added in 1973 another commando platoon

1069:, and won 9 seats of 99 in the 1968 parliamentary elections, making it one of the largest groupings in Lebanon's notoriously fractured political system. By the end of the decade, the party created its own 1440:

Amin Gemayel called for and chaired national dialogue conferences in Geneva and Lausanne and succeeded in creating a national accord and the formation of a fully representative government. He rebuilt the

3121: 3013: 1646:. In retaliation Phalangist militias killed 28 passengers of a bus later that day, most of them Palestinian with some that were deemed to be armed and were coming back from a rally at camp 1499:. Pierre Amin Gemayel was elected MP for Metn district, signalling the rebirth of the Kataeb Party. "Kataeb opposition" was structured and began its activities within the framework of the " 1642:

In April 1975, four persons, among them two men close to the Gemayel family, were killed during an attack on a church inauguration ceremony by unknown attackers in the Beirut suburb of

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told the Phalange not to engage in any fighting. In February 1983, the UN commission found that "Israeli authorities or forces were involved, directly or indirectly in the massacres".

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took control of the Party from 1986 until his death in 1998. He took a moderate position toward the Syrian presence. Mounir Hajj became the president of the party in 1999, followed by

1285:, the Kataeb Regulatory Forces' own mobilization and street action skills allowed the Kataeb to become the primary and most fearsome fighting force in the Christian-conservative camp. 1197:– from which the Phalange extracted additional revenues by levying illegal taxes and carried out arms-smuggling operations. The KRF was served by a clandestine-built airstrip, the 3582: 1770:

and avoid more intra-Christian bloodshed. He returned in 2000 to oppose the Syrian role in Lebanon and to back his son Pierre's parliamentary election campaign, which he won.

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1941 saw the creation of the first women section in a Lebanese Party. It called openly for stopping any kind of discrimination towards women. Since 1939, the Party has issued

1182:. Another special unit, the "Bashir Gemayel brigade" – named after Pierre Gemayel's youngest son, Bashir – was formed in 1964, absorbing the old "PG" company in the process. 3544: 1454:

assassination of the newly elected Lebanese president Bachir Gemayel, the leader of the Lebanese Kataeb Party. The Phalangist militia was led by the intelligence chief

3729:"الجميّل في اللقاء العام لإطلاق الماكينة الانتخابية: ليكن تقييمكم على الأفعال في 15 أيار كي نبني بلدًا جديدًا ولنذهب بإيمان إلى الانتخابات وبمعنويات عالية وما منساوم" 1939:

Safeguarding the secular State in Lebanon and completing its legal framework to guarantee the freedom of the individual and the respect of his rights and integrity.

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Khalaf, Samir (2002): Civil and Uncivil Violence in Lebanon: A History of the Internationalization of Human Contact; New York: Columbia University Press; p. 228f

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political bureau after 2 years. This reconciliation saw Amine come back to the Party as Supreme President of the Party while Pakradouni stayed on as President.

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By the 1970s, the party had become a political giant in Lebanon, with an estimated membership of 60,000 to 70,000. The vast majority (85%) of members were

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Reforming the Lebanese Administration and adopting modern economic policies to stimulate the economy, ensure prosperity, and therefore stop emigration.

1716:. He was assassinated less than a month later in an operation thought to have been arranged by Syrian intelligence and was succeeded by his brother, 4545: 4539: 4216: 4034: 4667: 4642: 3279: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 4712: 4563: 2185: 1150:) in 1970, with William Hawi being appointed as head. The seat of the Council was allocated at the Kataeb Party's Headquarters at the heart of 3254:

Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux

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On 11 March 2018, the Kataeb Party unveiled its 131-point platform, in which they expressed some progressive values such as decriminalizing

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and other formations, was heavily engaged in street fights against the Palestinian militias and their allies in the anti-government secular

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Disagreements between Kataeb and March 14 deepened in 2016 when the Lebanese Forces endorsed March 8 candidate Michel Aoun for presidency.

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of Lebanon towards all armed conflicts in the region in order to protect Lebanon from external meddling in its affairs, except for the

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Upright, Tara John,Melissa Macaya,Mike Hayes,Veronica Rocha,Meg Wagner,Joshua Berlinger,Adam Renton,Zamira Rahim,Ed (4 August 2020).

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During the first years of the Kataeb Party, the Party was strongly opposed to having anyone dominate Lebanon. They opposed the

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thinking in their ideological framework, particularly influenced by the works of French Christian Existentialist philosopher

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was assassinated in a car bombing. Solange Gemayel remained the party's only MP since Pierre Gemayel's seat was lost to the

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Rejecting any form of permanent settlement of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon at the expense of their right of return.

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estimated that when fully mobilized, the Phalange had 5,000 fighters, of whom 2,000 were full-time. From the start of

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and MP Pierre Gemayel played a significant role in shaping this uprising which led to Lebanon's second independence.

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shortcomings of the consensual and unitary system and its inadequacy with pluralistic countries such as Lebanon.

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and a quiet expansion of KRF units followed suit, complemented by the development of a training infrastructure.

1038:. In the aftermath of the crisis, Gemayel was appointed to the cabinet, and two years later, was elected to the 4662: 4592: 4445: 4190:

The Socio-Ideological Development of the Maronite Community: The Emergence of the Phalanges and Lebanese Forces

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The Commission of Inquiry into events at the refugee camps in Beirut 1983 FINAL REPORT (Authorized translation)

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but also the oldest. It was founded in 1937 as the "Militants' organization" by the President of the Party

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returned to Lebanon in June 2000 and was welcomed by large crowds that filled the streets and squares of

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The Phalange party's militia was not only the largest and best organized political paramilitary force in

892:. In 2021, the party changed its official name to "The Kataeb Party – Lebanese Social Democratic Party" ( 232: 1587:, a cousin of Samy, promoted his candidacy in a speech during a small event. Kataeb secured 4 seats for 4697: 4682: 2150: 1728: 1690: 1450: 1417: 1289: 17: 3287: 1884:), Elie Marouni, Fady el-Haber, and Samer Saade to join the Parliament. In the first Government of PM 1762:

in 2002. Amine Gemayel left Lebanon in 1988 after his mandate had ended, mainly to avoid a clash with

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The Kataeb party was established on November 5, 1936 as a Maronite paramilitary youth organization by

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militias at the time of the Lebanese Civil War. The party later went on to help found the right-wing

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At Beirut and elsewhere, Phalange militia sections were heavily committed in several battles against

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assassination, the Kataeb took part in an anti-Syrian presence demonstration, commonly known as the

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In 1943, the Kataeb played an instrumental role in attaining Lebanon's first independence from the

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and most of his Loubnanouna companions rejoined the Kataeb, prompting a renaissance in the party.

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The Super Vigilantes: the Lebanese Kata'eb Party as Builder, Surrogate, and Defender of the State

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Thomas Collelo, ed. Lebanon: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1987.

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and the Nasserite Correctionist Movement (NCM), and later at the 'Spring Offensive' held against

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insisted that the Kataeb party was the only one that has "faced the fact of surrendering to

30:"Phalangism" and "Phalangist" redirect here. For the general, originally Spanish, term, see 2127: 2090: 2022:

insisted that the Kataeb party was the only one that has faced the fact of surrendering to

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These victories enabled Samy Gemayel, Nadim Gemayel (son of the assassinated President

1655: 1390: 1259: 1078: 769: 354: 185: 168: 4465: 4328: 4127: 4099: 4084: 4055: 4028: 3858: 3783:"Here's The Full List Of How Many Seats Each Party Won In The 2022 Lebanon Elections" 3613: 3479: 3425: 3417: 3385: 3358: 3153: 2993: 2961: 2941: 1791: 1326: 1179: 1127: 917: 879: 659: 520: 505: 394: 217: 144: 4181:, Mémoire DEA, Faculté d'Histoire, Université Saint Esprit, Kaslik, Liban 2004. (in 4439: 4388: 4272: 2776: 2672: 2509: 2203: 1787: 1759: 1508: 1421: 1234:

In July–August of that same year, the Phalangists headed alongside its allies, the

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tried to impose its authority upon the country, and Israel, which invaded Lebanon

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Ending the military status of several Lebanese and non-Lebanese groups such as

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The Sunni-Shia Conflict: Understanding Sectarian Violence in the Middle East,

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refugee camps, while the periphery of the camps was under the control of the

1717: 1647: 1600: 1592: 1584: 1524: 1492: 1301: 1297: 1222: 1134:. Fighting alongside the pro-government forces, the Phalangists defended the 1097: 1046: 977: 969: 801: 578: 545: 535: 449: 417: 119: 3424:(Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London 1989 (revised edition)), p.60, 1389:. While it is contested whether the Palestinian presence was a cause of the 1292:(LNM) leftist militias and suffered considerable casualties, notably at the 3876: 3864:

Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict Since 1967,

3826: 3444: 2682: 2677: 2597: 2566: 2215: 2156: 2110: 2059: 2051: 2047:, cousin of Samy, promoted his candidacy in a speech during a small event. 2019: 1857: 1818: 1783: 1763: 1724: 1651: 1627: 1596: 1588: 1559: 1455: 1425: 1374: 1123: 988: 937: 933: 765: 495: 424: 173: 84: 4145:, Thèse de Doctorat d'Histoire – 1993, Université de Paris VIII, 2007 (in 3644:"Secretary-general of Lebanese Kataeb Party Najarian dies in Beirut blast" 2977: 1899:

Kataeb left the government and, thus, the March 14 alliance in June 2016.

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After the death of Pierre Gemayel in 1984, his successors Elie Karamé and

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Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain

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I was the captain of the Lebanese football team and the president of the

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Candidates were announced on 20 February 2022 under the campaign slogan

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The influence of the Phalangists was very limited in the early years of

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Hiẓb al-Katā'ib al-Lubnāniyya – Hiẓb al-dīmūqrāṭī al-ijtimāʿī al-lubnānī

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Committing to all relevant UN Security Council Resolutions, primarily

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The party, lacking direction, broke down into several rival factions.

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led the massacre of between 762 and 3,500 Palestinian refugees in the

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Pluralism and party transformation in Lebanon: Al-Kata'ib, 1936–1970

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Pluralism and Party Transformation in Lebanon: Al-Kataʼib, 1936-1970

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and battled to preserve Lebanon and its independence and integrity.

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before he could take office. He was succeeded by his older brother

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Considered by many analysts as the best organized of all militia "

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was killed in the 2020 Beirut explosions on 4 August 2020, after

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In the early 1970s, Christian leaders in Lebanon feared that the

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Myrtom House Building: Un quartier de Beyrouth en guerre civile

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This reconciliation was marketed as a gesture of goodwill from

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Middle Eastern terrorism: from Black September to September 11

4017:"Beirut explosion rocks Lebanon's capital city: Live updates" 3474:

Austenfeld, Thomas; Daphinoff, Dimiter; Herlth, Jens (2011).

2960:(University of Pennsylvania Press, 30 November 2007), p. 85, 1701:

in 1977 which played a large role in the Lebanese Civil War.

1204: 1174:) and a "Combat School" was secretly opened at Tabrieh, near 997: 3215:

Ta'rib al-Kata'eb al-Lubnaniyya: al-Hizb, al-sulta, al-khawf

1015:

In the 1950s, the Phalanges, deliberately emphasized French

898:حزب الكتائب اللبنانيّة – الحزب الديمقراطي الاجتماعي اللبناني 3940:"الكتائب اللبنانية – آخر الأخبار المحلية والعربية والدولية" 2139: 2116: 1661:

In the following days, the 8,000-strong party militia, the

1275: 1135: 1088:, but some were members of minority Christian communities, 968:

He founded the party along with four other young Lebanese:

736:حزب الكتائب اللبنانية – الحزب الديمقراطي الاجتماعي اللبناني 3674:"تشييع نزار نجاريان واستقالة نواب الكتائب من المجلس (صور)" 3603: 4206: 3939: 3500:"Official of Christian Party Is Kidnapped in East Beirut" 3473: 3455:

p.108 has "This report was signed on 7 February 1982." p7

2940:(Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1 June 2004), p. 3, 1976:

attempts to force their permanent settlement in Lebanon.

1888:, the Kataeb were assigned the Social Affairs portfolio. 1189:" in the whole of Lebanon under the leadership of "chef" 924:

parties he had observed as an Olympic athlete during the

1742:

struggled to maintain influence over the actions of the

3326:

Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas

3307: 3305: 2990:

All honorable men: the social origins of war in Lebanon

4126:, Presses Universitaires de France – PUF, Paris 1993. 2774: 1654:

is commonly considered as the spark that set off the

878:

which is a translation into Arabic of the Greek word

347: 3302: 2626: 1838:

supports the Lebanese government against Hezbollah.

1266:

at the Muslim-populated slum districts and adjacent

1258:(LYM) in the sieges – and subsequent massacres – of 856: 839: 739: 4212:

Official website of The Lebanese Phalanges – Kataeb

3518:"Lebanon news – NOW Lebanon -March14 – March 8 MPs" 3377: 3882:Periphery: Israel's Search for Middle East Allies, 3793: 2775:Gambill, Gary C.; Bassam Endrawos (January 2002). 1607:, also managed to wain a seat with 4,043 votes in 1377:celebrating the anniversary of the Kataeb in 1971. 1207:, north of Batroun, and had its own radio station 4052:Histoire du Liban contemporain: Tome 2, 1943–1990 3350: 1527:, they managed to receive 5 seats in parliament. 1385:(PLO) was increasingly operating in Lebanon as a 4629: 3145: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3014:"Lebanese strike a blow at US-backed government" 2756:"Hezbollah's Latest Conquest: Lebanon's Cabinet" 1574:from its surroundings. Samy Gemayel emphasized: 886:") which is also the origin of the Spanish term 3357:. Berlin: Frank & Timme GmbH. p. 110. 2867:"Lebanese Kataeb Party – حزب الكتائب اللبنانية" 2034:from its surroundings. Samy Gemayel emphasized: 1446:of its founder, Cheikh Pierre Gemayel in 1984. 728:Kataeb Party – Lebanese Social Democratic Party 3751: 3749: 3604:Ben Hubbard; Maria Abi-Habib (4 August 2020). 3149:Pax Syriana: Elite Politics in Postwar Lebanon 2853:"Members | International Democracy Union" 2727:"Dagher Appointed as Kataeb Secretary-General" 936:. The movement's uniforms originally included 816:The Lebanese Phalanges Party is also known as 4232: 3723: 3721: 3051: 2917:حزب الكتائب اللبنانية (Lebanese Kataeb Party) 1330:, a leading bilingual political publication. 1130:glass industrialist, who led them during the 1077:(KRF) and soon clashes began with the rising 703: 27:Lebanese Christian democratic political party 4033:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2804: 2802: 1829:In July 2005, the party participated in the 1487:Protesters at Pierre Amine Gemayel's funeral 951:, Gemayel stated about the Berlin Olympics: 850: 833: 818: 4416:Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag) 4318:Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag) 3746: 3606:"Deadly Explosions Shatter Beirut, Lebanon" 3371: 1891: 1416:The 1982 Israeli Judicial inquiry into the 1103: 4239: 4225: 4071:Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon 3718: 3676:(in Arabic). 8 August 2020. Archived from 2938:The war on terrorism and the terror of God 2749: 2747: 2173: 2149: 2126: 2103: 2083: 1603:(6,148 votes). A close ally of the party, 710: 696: 353: 3991:"Kataeb Party Unveils 131-Point Platform" 3408:New York: Basic Books, 2011. pp. 380–381. 3202:Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis 3152:. Syracuse University Press. p. 42. 3046:Pity the Nation, the abduction of Lebanon 2992:(I. B. Tauris, 23 November 2002), p.148, 2799: 1902: 3478:. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 227–228. 3139: 2222: 1618: 1482: 1365: 4014: 3965:"Elections 09 – Lebanon Elections 2009" 2744: 1283:1975–76 phase of the Lebanese Civil War 14: 4668:Christian political parties in Lebanon 4643:1936 establishments in Mandatory Syria 4630: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3038: 2913:"History of the Lebanese Kataeb Party" 2768: 2555:March 14 Alliance-led Unity Government 2525:March 14 Alliance-led Unity Government 1853:in a special election in August 2007. 1614: 1491:The revival of Lebanon and the Party: 1296:in October 1975 where they fought the 4713:Political parties established in 1936 4220: 4044: 3810:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon 3089: 3087: 2753: 1841:In September 2007 another Kataeb MP, 1824: 1519:was assassinated as well. During the 1049:formed with the two other big mainly 650:Lebanese Forces (Lebanese Resistance) 4658:Christian democratic parties in Asia 4207:Official website of the Kataeb party 3867:University of California Press p.266 3119: 3008: 1998:The secretary-general of the party, 1749: 1200:Pierre Gemayel International Airport 916:who modeled the party after Spanish 4083:, London: Oxford University Press, 3885:Rowman & Littlefield, 2015 p.48 3654:from the original on 4 October 2020 3542: 3179: 2810:"#2022: Reorganizing and Reforming" 2777:"The Assassination of Elie Hobeika" 1777: 1470:On September 15, 1992, at 9:15 AM, 1383:Palestinian Liberation Organization 1270:of East Beirut, and at the town of 897: 851: 834: 735: 389:This article is part of a series on 24: 4678:Factions in the Lebanese Civil War 4153: 3704:لقاء الماكينة الانتخابية الكتائبية 3624:from the original on 4 August 2020 3585:from the original on 6 August 2020 3555:from the original on 6 August 2020 3084: 2885:"بالصورة- تعديل اسم حزب "الكتائب"" 2499:Rafic Hariri-led Unity Government 2475:Rafic Hariri-led Unity Government 2451:Rafic Hariri-led Unity Government 1535:In 2020, Kataeb Secretary-General 222:Lebanese Opposition (2016–present) 25: 4744: 4200: 3927:Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban 3823:"Lebanese Kataeb Official Portal" 3241:Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban 3095:"Lebanese Kataeb Official Portal" 2781:Middle East Intelligence Bulletin 2009: 1863: 774:Palestinian forces in the country 768:wings played a major role in the 4248: 4196:7, 4 (Fall 1985): pp. 1–27. 4073:, Boulder: Westview Press, 1990. 3476:Terrorism and Narrative Practice 3324:Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, 2754:Daoud, David (12 January 2017). 2657: 2643: 2629: 1665:, together with its allies, the 680: 473: 466: 459: 448: 441: 434: 423: 416: 409: 332: 244:Christian Democrat International 54: 4673:Conservative parties in Lebanon 4312:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 4179:William Haoui, temoin et martyr 4081:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War 4008: 3983: 3957: 3932: 3919: 3906: 3888: 3870: 3852: 3841: 3815: 3802: 3666: 3636: 3597: 3567: 3536: 3510: 3492: 3467: 3458: 3434: 3411: 3398: 3344: 3331: 3318: 3272: 3259: 3246: 3233: 3220: 3207: 3166: 3113: 3048:. New York: Nation Books. 65 p. 3002: 2982: 2970: 2950: 2930: 1530: 1025:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 4593:Popular Nasserist Organization 4446:Popular Nasserist Organization 4124:Histoire de la guerre du Liban 3903:Nortia Media Ltd, 2013 p.113. 3520:. 16 June 2009. Archived from 3422:The war for Lebanon, 1970–1985 2905: 2877: 2859: 2845: 2820: 2719: 2004:2020 Port of Beirut explosions 1307: 1045:In 1968, the party joined the 13: 1: 4733:Far-right politics in Lebanon 4703:National conservative parties 4167:11, 3 (October 1975): 215236. 3384:. Leiden: BRILL. p. 62. 2713: 1873:is an ally of Iranian-backed 858:Ḥizb al-Katā'ib al-Lubnāniyya 248:International Democracy Union 4718:Political parties in Lebanon 4693:Lebanese nationalist parties 4653:Centre-right parties in Asia 4255:Political parties in Lebanon 3789:. 961. 961News. 17 May 2022. 3378:John Pierre Entelis (1974). 3120:Saab, Édouard (4 May 1965). 2703:Political parties in Lebanon 2693:Lebanese Forces (Resistance) 1790:. It became a member of the 1558:(ما منساوم ). Kataeb leader 1478: 1461: 1431: 1361: 1346: 1333: 1312: 957:Lebanese Football Federation 788:, the leader of the party's 741:Ḥizb al-Katā'ib al-Lubnānīya 7: 4728:Social conservative parties 4587:Progressive Socialist Party 4350:Progressive Socialist Party 4174:, E. J. Brill, Leiden 1974. 2622: 2050:Kataeb secured 4 seats for 2030:as president and isolating 2018:(ما منساوم). Kataeb leader 1800:Progressive Socialist Party 1570:as president and isolating 857: 840: 764:in 1936. The party and its 740: 10: 4749: 3354:The New Arab Public Sphere 3351:Muhammad I. Ayish (2008). 2427:Saeb Salam-led Government 1691:Lebanese National Movement 1552:Lebanese general elections 1523:, under the leadership of 1451:Sabra and Shatila massacre 1418:Sabra and Shatila massacre 1290:Lebanese National Movement 1107: 907: 29: 4612: 4579: 4517: 4464: 4387: 4377: 4359: 4327: 4300:Lebanese Democratic Party 4271: 4261: 4119:, Just World Books, 1983. 3146:Rola L. Husseini (2012). 2071: 1424:, Israeli Chief of Staff 1268:Palestinian refugee camps 361: 345: 340: 331: 326: 312: 298: 282: 274: 253: 240:International affiliation 239: 226: 203: 191: 167: 125: 115: 104:5 November 1936 100: 90: 80: 70: 62: 53: 41: 4534:Lebanese Communist Party 2978:"Phalange Party" chapter 2688:Kataeb Regulatory Forces 2586:FPM-led Unity Government 1892:March 14 and the breakup 1831:Fouad Siniora Government 1782:In March 2005 after the 1663:Kataeb Regulatory Forces 1501:Kornet Shahwan Coalition 1110:Kataeb Regulatory Forces 1104:Kataeb Regulatory Forces 1075:Kataeb Regulatory Forces 1053:parties in Lebanon: the 841:al-Katā'ib al-Lubnāniyya 811: 784:. Pierre's youngest son 655:Kataeb Regulatory Forces 287:Kataeb Regulatory Forces 278:"God. Homeland. Family." 46: 4599:National Dialogue Party 4398:Free Patriotic Movement 4294:Free Patriotic Movement 4188:Marie-Christine Aulas, 3579:Public Radio of Armenia 2708:Tyous Team of Commandos 2174:Presidents of the Party 1870:parliamentary elections 1847:Free Patriotic Movement 1699:Lebanese Forces militia 1687:Tyous Team of Commandos 1683:Lebanese Youth Movement 1679:Guardians of the Cedars 1264:Tel al-Zaatar Massacres 1256:Lebanese Youth Movement 1252:Tyous Team of Commandos 1248:Guardians of the Cedars 670:Guardians of the Cedars 632:Free Patriotic Movement 233:European People’s Party 169:Political position 4648:Anti-communist parties 4499:National Liberal Party 4194:Arab Studies Quarterly 4117:The Tragedy of Lebanon 4054:, Fayard, Paris 2005. 3198:Lebanon's Militia Wars 2041: 1912:Affairs, and Tourism. 1903:The Kataeb Party today 1733:Israeli Defense Forces 1723:On 16 September 1982, 1635: 1581: 1541:a series of explosions 1521:2009 general elections 1488: 1378: 1209:"The Voice of Lebanon" 1055:National Liberal Party 966: 819: 772:(1975–1990), opposing 4663:Christian nationalism 4519:17 October Revolution 4493:Independence Movement 3406:The Arabs: A History. 3256:(2007), page unknown. 3074:"El Kataeb – Founder" 2223:Electoral performance 2036: 1991:, and adopting a 30% 1934:Arab-Israeli conflict 1622: 1576: 1486: 1369: 1081:militant guerrillas. 972:, who later became a 953: 940:and members used the 852:حزب الكتائب اللبنانية 745:), also known as the 300:Parliament of Lebanon 162:Christian nationalism 47:حزب الكتائب اللبنانية 44:Lebanese Kataeb Party 4112:, L'Harmattan, 2018. 3506:. 16 September 1992. 3339:Civil War in Lebanon 2157:Salim Boutros Sayegh 2091:Nadim Bachir Gemayel 2062:(10,466 votes), and 2002:, was killed in the 1835:Pierre Amine Gemayel 1812:Pierre Amine Gemayel 1710:President of Lebanon 1599:(10,466 votes), and 1543:had occurred at the 1387:state within a state 1294:Battle of the Hotels 1236:Army of Free Lebanon 1203:, opened in 1976 at 1057:of former President 974:President of Lebanon 926:1936 Summer Olympics 820:Phalanges Libanaises 228:European affiliation 204:National affiliation 199:(Officially Secular) 133:Lebanese nationalism 4617:Politics of Lebanon 4165:Middle East Studies 4094:Matthew S. Gordon, 3080:on 4 December 2008. 3026:on 13 February 2010 2134:Elias Rakif Hankash 1995:in the parliament. 1993:female quota system 1704:In September 1982, 1615:War era and decline 1443:Lebanese University 1217:Iza'at Sawt Loubnan 980:, Emile Yared, and 947:In an interview by 806:Lebanese Parliament 756:political party in 612:Constitutional Bloc 366:Politics of Lebanon 141:Social conservatism 137:Christian democracy 4723:Right-wing parties 4141:Fawwaz Traboulsi, 4045:General references 3929:(2004), pp. 45–46. 3916:(1988), pp. 52–55. 3707:, 20 February 2022 3610:The New York Times 3504:The New York Times 3230:(1988), pp. 58–59. 2855:. 1 February 2018. 2816:. 6 December 2021. 2161:Mount Lebanon 1 – 2138:Mount Lebanon 2 – 2115:Mount Lebanon 2 – 2026:'s will, electing 1985:capital punishment 1825:Siniora Government 1656:Lebanese Civil War 1636: 1566:'s will, electing 1489: 1391:Lebanese Civil War 1379: 1161:Two company-sized 770:Lebanese Civil War 314:Cabinet of Lebanon 235:(regional partner) 4698:March 14 Alliance 4683:Falangist parties 4625: 4624: 4608: 4607: 4466:March 14 Alliance 4379:National Assembly 4373: 4372: 4329:March 14 Alliance 4177:Leila Haoui Zod, 4170:John P. Entelis, 4132:978-2-13-045801-2 4115:Jonathan Randal, 4108:Michael Maschek, 4104:978-1-55546-834-7 4060:978-2-213-61521-9 3859:William B. Quandt 3485:978-3-643-80082-4 3430:978-0-8014-9313-3 3418:Itamar Rabinovich 3391:978-90-04-03911-7 3364:978-3-86596-168-6 3044:Fisk, R. (1990). 3012:(7 August 2007). 2988:Michael Johnson, 2620: 2619: 2171: 2170: 2111:Sami Amin Gemayel 1908:Kataeb presence. 1794:, along with the 1792:March 14 Alliance 1750:Syrian occupation 1729:Sabra and Shatila 1714:National Assembly 1262:, al-Masklah and 1180:Keserwan District 1128:Lebanese-American 1040:National Assembly 835:الكتائب اللبنانية 796:in 1982, but was 726:, officially the 720: 719: 521:Suleiman Frangieh 506:Bechara El Khoury 396:Maronite politics 384: 383: 371:Political parties 270:Brown (customary) 218:March 14 Alliance 145:Maronite politics 72:Secretary-General 16:(Redirected from 4740: 4440:Dignity Movement 4389:March 8 Alliance 4385: 4384: 4273:March 8 Alliance 4269: 4268: 4253: 4252: 4241: 4234: 4227: 4218: 4217: 4039: 4038: 4032: 4024: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3967:. Archived from 3961: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3936: 3930: 3923: 3917: 3910: 3904: 3892: 3886: 3874: 3868: 3856: 3850: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3825:. 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Retrieved 3994: 3985: 3973:. Retrieved 3969:the original 3959: 3947:. Retrieved 3943: 3934: 3926: 3921: 3914:The Gemayels 3913: 3908: 3899: 3890: 3881: 3877:Yossi Alpher 3872: 3863: 3854: 3843: 3831:. Retrieved 3827:the original 3817: 3809: 3804: 3795: 3786: 3763:, retrieved 3757: 3736:. Retrieved 3732: 3709:, retrieved 3703: 3682:. Retrieved 3678:the original 3668: 3656:. Retrieved 3647: 3638: 3626:. Retrieved 3609: 3599: 3587:. Retrieved 3578: 3569: 3557:. Retrieved 3548: 3538: 3526:. Retrieved 3522:the original 3512: 3503: 3494: 3475: 3469: 3460: 3452: 3436: 3413: 3405: 3400: 3380: 3373: 3353: 3346: 3338: 3337:O'Ballance, 3333: 3325: 3320: 3312: 3292:. Retrieved 3288:the original 3283: 3274: 3266: 3261: 3253: 3248: 3240: 3235: 3228:The Gemayels 3227: 3222: 3214: 3209: 3201: 3197: 3174:The Gemayels 3173: 3168: 3148: 3141: 3129:. Retrieved 3125: 3115: 3103:. Retrieved 3099:the original 3078:the original 3045: 3040: 3028:. Retrieved 3024:the original 3017: 3010:Fisk, Robert 3004: 2984: 2972: 2952: 2932: 2920:. Retrieved 2916: 2907: 2895:. Retrieved 2888: 2879: 2871:Kataeb Party 2870: 2861: 2847: 2835:. Retrieved 2831: 2822: 2813: 2789:. Retrieved 2784: 2780: 2770: 2759: 2734:. Retrieved 2730: 2721: 2683:William Hawi 2678:Qaa massacre 2598:Samy Gemayel 2567:Samy Gemayel 2236:Vote % 2216:Samy Gemayel 2186:Elie Karameh 2060:Sami Gemayel 2052:Salim Sayegh 2049: 2042: 2037: 2020:Samy Gemayel 2015: 2013: 1997: 1978: 1974: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1898: 1895: 1879: 1868:In the 2009 1867: 1858:Samy Gemayel 1855: 1840: 1828: 1819:Samy Gemayel 1817: 1809: 1784:Rafik Hariri 1781: 1772: 1764:Samir Geagea 1753: 1737: 1725:Elie Hobeika 1722: 1708:was elected 1703: 1695: 1660: 1652:Bus Massacre 1641: 1637: 1628:William Hawi 1611:with Nadim. 1597:Sami Gemayel 1589:Salim Sayegh 1582: 1577: 1560:Samy Gemayel 1555: 1549: 1534: 1531:2020–present 1513: 1505: 1493:Amin Gemayel 1490: 1469: 1465: 1456:Elie Hobeika 1448: 1439: 1435: 1426:Rafael Eitan 1422:the invasion 1415: 1407: 1395: 1380: 1375:William Hawi 1354: 1350: 1341: 1337: 1325: 1323: 1316: 1287: 1280: 1233: 1220: 1216: 1208: 1198: 1184: 1171: 1160: 1147: 1140: 1124:William Hawi 1113: 1083: 1067:Raymond Eddé 1044: 1029: 1014: 992:against the 989:pan-Arabists 986: 967: 954: 946: 938:brown shirts 934:Nazi Germany 920:and Italian 911: 901: 887: 875: 867: 855: 846: 838: 829: 817: 815: 798:assassinated 766:paramilitary 746: 738: 727: 724:Kataeb Party 723: 721: 616: 496:Samir Geagea 197:Christianity 177: 174:Centre-right 148: 116:Headquarters 85:Samy Gemayel 76:Serge Dagher 63:Abbreviation 36: 4580:Others (10) 4552:Khatt Ahmar 4452:Union Party 4077:Robert Fisk 3925:Menargues, 3738:22 February 3711:22 February 3464:Kahan. p.10 3449:Efrat, Yona 3252:Traboulsi, 3239:Menargues, 2665:Iran portal 2242:Government 2212:(2007–2015) 2206:(2001–2007) 2200:(1998–2001) 2194:(1986–1998) 2188:(1984–1986) 2182:(1936–1984) 2043:On 2 April 2028:Michel Aoun 2016:Ma minsawim 1987:, removing 1961:(2006) and 1886:Saad Hariri 1851:Michel Aoun 1583:On 2 April 1568:Michel Aoun 1556:Ma minsawim 1550:During the 1308:Main events 1281:During the 1250:(GoC), the 1156:East Beirut 1154:quarter in 1079:Palestinian 1036:1958 crisis 1017:personalist 949:Robert Fisk 828:and either 776:as well as 760:founded by 541:Michel Aoun 294:(1980–1985) 289:(1961–1980) 220:(2005–2016) 215:(1976–1986) 210:(1968–1969) 178:Historical: 149:Historical: 4632:Categories 4360:Others (5) 3995:Kataeb.org 3944:Kataeb.org 3808:El-Kazen, 3733:Kataeb.org 2922:17 January 2731:kataeb.org 2714:References 1930:neutrality 1925:territory. 751:right-wing 501:Émile Eddé 327:Party flag 182:Right-wing 108:1936-11-05 18:Phalangism 4570:ReLebanon 4428:Al-Ahbash 4410:Hezbollah 4288:Hezbollah 4263:Ministers 3618:0362-4331 3543:Liz Sly. 3311:Abraham, 3213:Saghieh, 3131:16 August 2890:IMLebanon 2837:26 August 2828:"Parties" 2736:12 August 2230:Election 2167:Maronite 2163:Kesserwan 2144:Maronite 2121:Maronite 2098:Maronite 2095:Beirut 1 2075:District 2039:seaports. 2024:Hezbollah 1944:Hezbollah 1875:Hezbollah 1856:In 2007, 1671:Al-Tanzim 1579:seaports. 1564:Hezbollah 1479:2000–2010 1462:1989–2000 1432:1982–1988 1362:1970–1982 1347:1958–1969 1334:1943–1958 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