20:
142:
316:
354:
342:
103:, a French chemist and pharmacist of the mid-19th century, who applied it to the egg yolk phosphatidylcholine that he identified in 1847. Gobley eventually completely described his lecithin from chemical structural point of view, in 1874. Phosphatidylcholines are such a major component of lecithin that in some contexts the terms are sometimes used as synonyms. However, lecithin extracts consist of a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and other compounds. It is also used along with
328:
368:
694:
3). This bile salt is used to solubilize phosphatidylcholine by forming mixed micelles composed of phosphatidylcholine and deoxycholate.102,104 It is common practice to combine intravenous medications with bile salts to improve their water solubility.105,106 These findings suggest that sodium deoxycholate is the primary active ingredient in the phosphatidylchloline preparations.
693:
Recent laboratory investigations17 demonstrate that sodium deoxycholate, a bile salt also used as a laboratory detergent,102,103 was just as potent at causing adipocyte lysis and cell death as the complete phosphatidylcholine formula, which contains both phosphatidylcholine and deoxycholate (Figure
740:
The author, when discussing phosphatidylcholine as a part of mesotherapy concludes: 'Although there is a preliminary report contradictory to this result, there was no body contouring observed in this study. There were no statistically significant changes in thigh girth, cross-sectional area, or
236:
in humans found that there was not enough evidence to support supplementation of lecithin or phosphatidylcholine in dementia. The study found that a moderate benefit could not be ruled out until further large scale studies were performed.
193:(here oleic acid, or 9Z-octadecenoic acid, as in Gobley's original egg yolk lecithin). However, there are also examples of disaturated species. Animal lung phosphatidylcholine, for example, contains a high proportion of
741:
laboratory values for the lipid profile except for a decrease in the triglyceride level in the blood, which might be an indirect effect of the method of aminophylline absorption into the systemic circulation.'
1836:
2526:
845:
Kokkinidis DG, Bosdelekidou EE, Iliopoulou SM, Tassos AG, Texakalidis PT, Economopoulos KP, Kousoulis AA (September 2017). "Emerging treatments for ulcerative colitis: a systematic review".
4050:
5399:
463:
Chen F, Zhao Q, Cai X, Lv L, Lin W, Yu X, Li C, Li Y, Xiong M, Wang XG (November 2009). "Phosphatidylcholine in membrane of
Escherichia coli changes bacterial antigenicity".
4693:
5129:
4017:
2519:
4043:
3298:
78:
to calculate fetal lung maturity. While phosphatidylcholines are found in all plant and animal cells, they are absent in the membranes of most bacteria, including
4253:
3761:
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1844:
1795:
5124:
2512:
4036:
4012:
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1952:
5347:
4688:
4128:
4123:
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2881:
2703:
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2643:
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1114:
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2713:
1277:
4560:
2838:
2603:
706:
Park SH, Kim DW, Lee MA, Yoo SC, Rhee SC, Koo SH, Seol GH, Cho EY (April 2008). "Effectiveness of mesotherapy on body contouring".
282:
153:
This phospholipid is composed of a choline head group and glycerophosphoric acid, with a variety of fatty acids. Usually, one is a
5297:
4833:
3648:
970:
315:
261:
Treatment of ulcerative colitis with oral intake of phosphatidylcholine has been shown to result in decreased disease activity.
3483:
3185:
2758:
2593:
1804:
1750:
575:
5161:
1777:
1743:
1104:
1096:
1088:
649:
Rotunda AM, Kolodney MS (April 2006). "Mesotherapy and phosphatidylcholine injections: historical clarification and review".
447:
5457:
2264:
1486:
123:
5191:
1788:
1771:
1526:
3287:
3283:
2546:
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897:
5154:
4059:
1945:
1461:
1075:
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1065:
75:
19:
3885:
1721:
4493:
4089:
3428:
3337:
2906:
2399:
1451:
535:"Interacting proteins dictate function of the minimal START domain phosphatidylcholine transfer protein/StarD2"
194:
67:
5442:
3423:
2870:
1270:
614:
Higgins JP, Flicker L (21 January 2009). Higgins JP (ed.). "Lecithin for dementia and cognitive impairment".
5420:
5119:
4007:
2259:
600:
2404:
4183:
1938:
1767:
963:
5221:
5177:
4507:
4233:
4103:
3737:
3677:
1812:
1617:
1522:
1141:
269:
Although multiple pathways exist for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, the predominant route in
249:, no peer-reviewed study has shown it to have comparable effects. Injection of phosphatidylcholine in
3438:
3408:
2856:
1426:
1406:
1386:
1043:
663:
5093:
3981:
3729:
2374:
1367:
1263:
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942:
341:
294:
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4223:
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3060:
1975:
1827:
1684:
1607:
1457:
391:
100:
938:
5452:
5379:
4512:
3275:
3007:
2504:
2492:
2379:
1714:
1669:
1416:
1348:
956:
658:
439:
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406:
353:
190:
4028:
5447:
5078:
5027:
4988:
3966:
3915:
3851:
3628:
3573:
3023:
3002:
2848:
2005:
1596:
1447:
1338:
1217:
533:
Kanno K, Wu MK, Agate DS, Fanelli BJ, Wagle N, Scapa EF, Ukomadu C, Cohen DE (October 2007).
298:
5073:
4938:
4918:
4758:
4703:
4618:
4408:
3961:
3881:
3478:
2394:
1990:
1628:
1501:
1376:
1358:
1328:
1038:
1033:
401:
154:
71:
576:"Phosphatidylcholine and Related Lipids: Structure, Occurrence, Biochemistry and Analysis"
327:
189:-COOH), identified by Gobley in egg yolk, also belong to that class); and the other is an
141:
8:
4973:
4958:
4893:
4488:
3638:
3523:
3333:
3135:
2274:
1673:
997:
47:
511:
107:
for simulating fed- and fasted-state biorelevant media in dissolution studies of highly
5183:
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4678:
4663:
4653:
4062:
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3704:
3463:
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2045:
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1961:
1884:
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5098:
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3846:
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229:
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367:
104:
80:
1255:
858:
578:. Invergowrie, Dundee (DD2 5DA), Scotland.: James Hutton Institute. Archived from
4623:
3859:
3816:
3513:
3250:
3175:
3155:
2946:
2910:
2344:
2019:
1995:
1655:
1372:
1290:
333:
233:
200:
66:
group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues.
4525:
4517:
50:
and can be easily obtained from a variety of readily available sources, such as
5384:
4803:
4453:
4248:
4193:
3855:
3458:
3398:
3160:
2938:
2934:
2922:
2628:
2429:
2384:
2128:
1700:
1603:
1286:
1235:
130:
92:
4529:
627:
43:
5436:
5083:
4913:
4883:
4823:
4773:
4768:
4658:
4628:
4574:
4403:
4218:
4153:
3971:
3811:
3797:
3793:
3785:
3733:
3393:
3388:
3255:
3190:
2673:
2588:
2465:
2294:
2279:
2014:
1665:
1412:
1344:
1179:
907:
204:
174:
158:
119:
108:
812:
5282:
4998:
4928:
4923:
4838:
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4638:
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4368:
4288:
4278:
3875:
3871:
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3801:
3753:
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3528:
3443:
3343:
3328:
3265:
3195:
3145:
3050:
3015:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2966:
2783:
2743:
2718:
2470:
1980:
1492:
1334:
983:
866:
831:
780:
727:
680:
635:
560:
551:
534:
484:
114:
Phosphatidylcholine is a major constituent of cell membranes and pulmonary
35:
5146:
3363:
3358:
755:"Injection therapy for the management of superficial subcutaneous lipomas"
519:
5337:
5103:
5068:
5048:
4963:
4953:
4908:
4888:
4808:
4738:
4728:
4718:
4713:
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3956:
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3863:
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3821:
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3757:
3724:
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3593:
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3568:
3538:
3533:
3498:
3383:
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3353:
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3165:
3125:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3065:
3045:
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2623:
2389:
2369:
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2324:
1915:
1832:
1816:
1592:
1397:
1382:
1354:
1324:
1170:
1156:
1136:
1127:
386:
290:
274:
246:
948:
122:. It is thought to be transported between membranes within the cell by
5317:
5307:
5302:
5287:
5262:
5216:
5063:
5043:
5003:
4978:
4943:
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3019:
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2823:
2818:
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2788:
2723:
2663:
2608:
2583:
2568:
2460:
2414:
2216:
2211:
2101:
2074:
2060:
1985:
1910:
1876:
1645:
1634:
1240:
281:(CDP-choline or citicoline). The conversion is mediated by the enzyme
278:
115:
1930:
844:
4903:
4898:
4873:
4848:
4843:
4813:
4763:
4753:
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2424:
2354:
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2201:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2055:
2010:
1624:
1536:
1497:
1482:
1392:
270:
118:, and is more commonly found in the exoplasmic or outer leaflet of a
476:
5322:
5277:
5057:
4983:
4798:
4788:
4608:
4363:
4353:
4313:
4308:
4298:
4263:
4213:
4208:
4113:
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3891:
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3623:
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2309:
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2226:
2186:
2171:
2065:
1905:
1800:
1582:
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1422:
1204:
991:
63:
51:
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5053:
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4613:
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4203:
4138:
4133:
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3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
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2455:
2409:
2339:
2319:
2166:
2040:
2030:
1532:
1402:
1230:
373:
250:
245:
Though phosphatidylcholine has been studied as an alternative to
212:
208:
58:, from which they are mechanically or chemically extracted using
39:
2534:
4643:
4463:
4273:
4058:
3649:
3210:
2861:
2450:
2314:
2236:
2231:
2191:
2181:
2176:
2119:
2110:
59:
5013:
2573:
1318:
979:
286:
5192:
2419:
2241:
2196:
1808:
1708:
129:
Phosphatidylcholine also plays a role in membrane-mediated
2547:
607:
4071:
84:. Purified phosphatidylcholine is produced commercially.
55:
498:
Wirtz KW (July 1991). "Phospholipid transfer proteins".
203:
catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to form
4494:
4090:
3439:
Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)
2491:
425:
136:
1285:
532:
253:has been studied, but the results have been mixed.
5178:
752:
435:Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes
427:
321:General structural formula of phosphatidylcholines
759:The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology
5434:
3629:Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)
3654:Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
648:
4989:Trimetaphan camsilate (trimethaphan camsylate)
2145:Ergocalciferol and Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D)
613:
5162:
5130:Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
4044:
4018:Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
2520:
1946:
1271:
964:
705:
462:
5125:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
796:"Treatment of lipoma by injection lipolysis"
429:"Chapter 2: Lipid metabolism in procaryotes"
5197:Tooltip Platelet-activating factor receptor
5176:
4013:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
753:Amber KT, Ovadia S, Camacho I (June 2014).
616:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
526:
456:
285:. Another pathway, mainly operative in the
218:
149:-phosphatidylcholine, a phosphatidylcholine
5169:
5155:
4051:
4037:
3589:3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate
2552:Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
2527:
2513:
1953:
1939:
1278:
1264:
971:
957:
920:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
892:(Third ed.). London. pp. 61–62.
800:Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery
491:
5367:
4076:Tooltip Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
978:
941:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
821:
811:
770:
662:
550:
4619:Candocuronium iodide (chandonium iodide)
847:Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
426:Jackowski S, Cronan JE, Rock CO (1991).
283:diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase
140:
23:1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine
18:
1960:
70:(lecithin) is a major component of the
5435:
4499:Tooltip negative allosteric modulators
4095:Tooltip positive allosteric modulators
887:
133:and PCTP activation of other enzymes.
5150:
4032:
2508:
2490:
1934:
1259:
952:
793:
497:
256:
573:
307:
304:(SAM) being the methyl group donor.
124:phosphatidylcholine transfer protein
539:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
512:10.1146/annurev.bi.60.070191.000445
13:
720:10.1097/01.prs.0000304611.71480.0a
708:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
14:
5469:
4704:Dimethyltubocurarine (metocurine)
3251:Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)
2923:chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine)
2907:Antihistamines (first-generation)
2684:Desmethylclozapine (norclozapine)
2536:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
932:
137:Structure and physical properties
62:. They are also a member of the
4060:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
673:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2006.32100.x
465:Canadian Journal of Microbiology
366:
352:
340:
326:
314:
46:. They are a major component of
5084:Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
4409:Suxethonium (succinyldicholine)
4404:Suxamethonium (succinylcholine)
3972:Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
3790:northiaden (desmethyldosulepin)
881:
838:
787:
432:. In Vance DE, Vance J (eds.).
264:
3429:N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
746:
699:
642:
567:
419:
273:involves condensation between
195:dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
157:(in the given figure, this is
68:Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1:
5421:Receptor/signaling modulators
5120:Receptor/signaling modulators
4774:Hexamethonium (benzohexonium)
4008:Receptor/signaling modulators
3424:N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
859:10.1080/00365521.2017.1326163
500:Annual Review of Biochemistry
412:
223:
3864:cyamemazine (cyamepromazine)
279:cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine
240:
207:(PA), releasing the soluble
76:lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio
7:
5458:Neurotransmitter precursors
4854:Methorphan (racemethorphan)
4184:Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate
3678:Tetracyclic antidepressants
3569:Profenamine (ethopropazine)
3191:Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)
1019:-ethanolamine/cephalin (PE)
380:
74:, and is often used in the
10:
5474:
4234:Dimethylphenylpiperazinium
3827:Tripitamine (tripitramine)
3051:Benzatropine (benztropine)
2265:β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate
2155:Naphthoquinone (Vitamin K)
1142:Platelet-activating factor
5412:
5360:
5230:
5204:
5190:
5112:
5026:
4487:
4083:
4069:
4000:
3914:
3730:Tricyclic antidepressants
3280:+beclometasone/formoterol
2857:3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
2847:
2559:
2545:
2502:
2438:
2250:
2140:Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
2039:
1968:
1894:
1865:
1858:
1683:
1557:
1550:
1511:
1471:
1436:
1304:
1297:
1226:
1213:
1195:
1188:
1169:
1152:
1126:
1055:
1008:
990:
628:10.1002/14651858.CD001015
5094:Phosphatidylethanolamine
3982:Phosphatidylethanolamine
943:Medical Subject Headings
599:: CS1 maint: location (
295:phosphatidylethanolamine
219:Possible health benefits
5283:Ginkgolide B (BN-52021)
4874:Morphanol (racemorphan)
4814:Laudexium (laudolissin)
4224:Desformylflustrabromine
3206:Diphemanil metilsulfate
3061:Benzilylcholine mustard
3008:Atypical antipsychotics
1976:Bodybuilding supplement
888:Philip Y (2016-02-17).
813:10.4103/0974-2077.85040
392:Lysophosphatidylcholine
101:Theodore Nicolas Gobley
3852:Typical antipsychotics
3624:Scopolamine (hyoscine)
3299:Hexahydrosiladifenidol
3276:Glycopyrronium bromide
2493:Acetylcholine receptor
2150:Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
1024:-choline/lecithin (PC)
890:The membranes of cells
552:10.1074/jbc.M703745200
407:Unsaturated fatty acid
191:unsaturated fatty acid
177:(heptadecanoic acid, H
150:
24:
16:Class of phospholipids
5079:Glycerophosphocholine
3967:Glycerophosphocholine
3770:dosulepin (dothiepin)
3574:Propantheline bromide
3449:Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)
3003:Atropine methonitrate
1218:Lysophosphatidic acid
998:Glycerophospholipids/
438:. Elsevier. pp.
161:(hexadecanoic acid, H
144:
22:
5443:Phosphatidylcholines
5074:Dimethylethanolamine
4939:Rapacuronium bromide
4919:Pipecuronium bromide
4759:Gantacurium chloride
4719:Dizocilpine (MK-801)
4304:MEM-63,908 (RG-3487)
4254:Ethoxysebacylcholine
3962:Dimethylethanolamine
3882:Umeclidinium bromide
3762:desmethyldesipramine
3479:Oxyphenonium bromide
2689:Ethoxysebacylcholine
2350:Japanese honeysuckle
939:Phosphatidylcholines
794:Nanda S (May 2011).
651:Dermatologic Surgery
402:Saturated fatty acid
302:-adenosyl methionine
155:saturated fatty acid
72:pulmonary surfactant
48:biological membranes
28:Phosphatidylcholines
5089:Phosphatidylcholine
4974:Threohydrobupropion
4959:Stercuronium iodide
4894:Pancuronium bromide
3977:Phosphatidylcholine
3639:Sofpironium bromide
3524:Pipenzolate bromide
3334:Ipratropium bromide
3136:Cimetropium bromide
2275:Chondroitin sulfate
2093:Pantothenic acid (B
2056:Retinol (Vitamin A)
2026:Protein supplements
1962:Dietary supplements
211:headgroup into the
105:sodium taurocholate
5009:Vecuronium bromide
4949:Rocuronium bromide
4859:Methyllycaconitine
4784:Hydroxynorketamine
4679:Dextropropoxyphene
4664:Dehydronorketamine
4654:Dacuronium bromide
3710:Tiotropium bromide
3705:Timepidium bromide
3464:Oxitropium bromide
3419:Muscarinic toxin 7
3294:Hexahydrodifenidol
3241:Emepronium bromide
2892:Ambutonium bromide
2867:Aclidinium bromide
2446:Codex Alimentarius
2335:Grape seed extract
1996:Herbal supplements
1741:Phosphoinositides:
1614:Mineralocorticoids
1200:Inositol phosphate
1056:Phosphoinositides:
397:Phosphatidylserine
347:Choline metabolism
257:Ulcerative colitis
151:
25:
5430:
5429:
5408:
5407:
5356:
5355:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5137:
5099:Phosphorylcholine
5037:
5022:
5021:
4819:Levacetylmethadol
4699:Dihydrochandonium
4579:sodium thiopental
4249:Ethanol (alcohol)
4026:
4025:
3987:Phosphorylcholine
3925:
3910:
3909:
3847:Trospium chloride
3742:amitriptylinoxide
3715:Tiquizium bromide
3559:Prifinium bromide
3454:Otilonium bromide
3409:Methylscopolamine
3404:Methylhomatropine
3261:Fentonium bromide
3141:Clidinium bromide
2484:
2483:
2129:Cyanocobalamin (B
2046:chemical elements
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1854:
1853:
1823:Glucosylceramides
1736:Phosphatidic acid
1546:
1545:
1439:Lysophospholipids
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1165:
1164:
1000:Phosphoglycerides
449:978-0-444-89321-5
308:Additional images
230:systematic review
205:phosphatidic acid
91:was derived from
38:that incorporate
34:) are a class of
5465:
5365:
5364:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5180:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5148:
5147:
5031:
4969:Thiocolchicoside
4779:Hydroxybupropion
4674:Dextromethorphan
4546:Allopregnanolone
4500:
4496:
4399:Suberyldicholine
4109:6-Chloronicotine
4096:
4092:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4030:
4029:
3919:
3700:Tiemonium iodide
3655:
3651:
3519:Phenyltoloxamine
3474:Oxyphencyclimine
2975:phenyltoloxamine
2779:Suberyldicholine
2557:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2506:
2505:
2488:
2487:
2439:Related articles
2345:Iron supplements
2285:Copper gluconate
1955:
1948:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1899:
1870:
1863:
1862:
1696:Arachidonic acid
1685:Second messenger
1656:Free fatty acids
1601:Corticosteroids:
1559:Nuclear receptor
1555:
1554:
1516:
1476:
1441:
1373:Endocannabinoids
1309:
1302:
1301:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1193:
1192:
1006:
1005:
973:
966:
959:
950:
949:
926:
925:
919:
911:
885:
879:
878:
842:
836:
835:
825:
815:
791:
785:
784:
774:
750:
744:
743:
703:
697:
696:
666:
646:
640:
639:
611:
605:
604:
598:
590:
588:
587:
571:
565:
564:
554:
545:(42): 30728–36.
530:
524:
523:
495:
489:
488:
460:
454:
453:
431:
423:
370:
356:
344:
330:
318:
145:Palmitoyl-oleyl-
81:Escherichia coli
5473:
5472:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5426:
5404:
5352:
5226:
5196:
5186:
5175:
5145:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5108:
5030:
5018:
4624:Chlorisondamine
4498:
4491:
4483:
4094:
4087:
4075:
4065:
4057:
4027:
4022:
3996:
3918:
3906:
3860:chlorprothixene
3817:Trihexyphenidyl
3653:
3634:Silahexacyclium
3514:Phenglutarimide
3176:Desfesoterodine
3156:Cyclobenzaprine
2947:diphenhydramine
2911:brompheniramine
2843:
2794:Thiopilocarpine
2551:
2541:
2533:
2498:
2485:
2480:
2434:
2252:
2246:
2132:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2047:
2044:
2035:
2020:Bifidobacterium
1964:
1959:
1929:
1920:
1895:
1890:
1866:
1850:
1781:
1760:
1747:
1725:
1718:
1679:
1604:Glucocorticoids
1542:
1512:
1507:
1472:
1467:
1437:
1432:
1305:
1293:
1291:lipid signaling
1284:
1254:
1245:
1222:
1209:
1184:
1161:
1148:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1085:
1051:
999:
995:
986:
977:
935:
930:
929:
913:
912:
900:
886:
882:
843:
839:
792:
788:
751:
747:
714:(4): 179e–85e.
704:
700:
664:10.1.1.506.2372
647:
643:
622:(3): CD001015.
612:
608:
592:
591:
585:
583:
572:
568:
531:
527:
496:
492:
477:10.1139/w09-082
471:(11): 1328–34.
461:
457:
450:
424:
420:
415:
383:
376:
371:
362:
357:
348:
345:
336:
334:Membrane lipids
331:
322:
319:
310:
267:
259:
243:
234:clinical trials
226:
221:
201:Phospholipase D
188:
184:
180:
172:
168:
164:
139:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5471:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5417:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5385:Phosphocholine
5382:
5377:
5371:
5369:
5362:
5358:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5232:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5208:
5206:
5199:
5188:
5187:
5174:
5173:
5166:
5159:
5151:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5038:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4804:Kynurenic acid
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4598:κ-bungarotoxin
4594:α-bungarotoxin
4587:
4582:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4532:, many others)
4522:α-bungarotoxin
4515:
4510:
4504:
4502:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4454:Tribendimidine
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4379:Sebacylcholine
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4194:Butyrylcholine
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4078:
4067:
4066:
4056:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4033:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3879:
3856:chlorpromazine
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3459:Oxapium iodide
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3399:Methylatropine
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3161:Cyclopentolate
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2939:dimenhydrinate
2935:cyproheptadine
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2774:Sebacylcholine
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2629:Butyrylcholine
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2554:
2543:
2542:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2430:Zinc gluconate
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2405:St John's wort
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2385:Red yeast rice
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1873:
1871:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1798:
1793:Sphingolipids:
1779:
1775:
1758:
1754:
1745:
1738:
1733:
1723:
1716:
1712:
1698:
1689:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1663:
1653:
1632:
1611:
1590:
1580:
1563:
1561:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1530:
1519:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1490:
1479:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1455:
1444:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1413:Oxoeicosanoids
1410:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1380:
1370:
1362:
1352:
1345:Prostaglandins
1342:
1332:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1287:Cell signaling
1283:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1236:Phosphocholine
1233:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1039:-inositol (PI)
1036:
1034:-glycerol (PG)
1031:
1026:
1021:
1015:
1013:
1003:
988:
987:
976:
975:
968:
961:
953:
947:
946:
934:
933:External links
931:
928:
927:
898:
880:
853:(9): 923–931.
837:
786:
745:
698:
641:
606:
566:
525:
490:
455:
448:
417:
416:
414:
411:
410:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
382:
379:
378:
377:
372:
365:
363:
358:
351:
349:
346:
339:
337:
332:
325:
323:
320:
313:
309:
306:
275:diacylglycerol
266:
263:
258:
255:
242:
239:
225:
222:
220:
217:
186:
182:
178:
170:
166:
162:
138:
135:
131:cell signaling
99:'egg yolk' by
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5470:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5453:Phospholipids
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5423:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5411:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5366:
5363:
5359:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5229:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5195:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5172:
5167:
5165:
5160:
5158:
5153:
5152:
5149:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5111:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5029:
5025:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4914:Phencyclidine
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4884:Nitrous oxide
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4824:Levomethadone
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4769:Hexafluronium
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4659:Decamethonium
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4629:Cisatracurium
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4590:Bungarotoxins
4588:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4576:
4575:pentobarbital
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4518:α-Neurotoxins
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4497:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:Decamethonium
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4154:Acetylcholine
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4093:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4074:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4054:
4049:
4047:
4042:
4040:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3913:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3812:Tridihexethyl
3810:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3798:protriptyline
3795:
3794:nortriptyline
3791:
3787:
3786:nitroxazepine
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3738:+perphenazine
3735:
3734:amitriptyline
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:Methoctramine
3392:
3390:
3389:Methantheline
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:Mamba toxin 7
3362:
3360:
3359:Mamba toxin 3
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3256:Fenpiverinium
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2674:cis-Dioxolane
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2589:Acetylcholine
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2489:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2466:Nutraceutical
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2295:Dietary fiber
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2280:Cod liver oil
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:Other common
2249:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2120:Folic acid (B
2118:
2116:
2109:
2107:
2102:Pyridoxine (B
2100:
2098:
2091:
2089:
2082:
2080:
2075:Riboflavin (B
2073:
2071:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:Lactobacillus
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1666:Retinoic acid
1664:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1570:Sex steroids:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1551:Intracellular
1549:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1493:Neurosteroids
1491:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1435:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1298:Extracellular
1296:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1180:Sphingomyelin
1178:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:Phosphatidyl-
1007:
1004:
1001:
993:
989:
985:
984:phospholipids
981:
974:
969:
967:
962:
960:
955:
954:
951:
944:
940:
937:
936:
923:
917:
909:
905:
901:
899:9780128004869
895:
891:
884:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
841:
833:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
805:
801:
797:
790:
782:
778:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
749:
742:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
702:
695:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
665:
660:
657:(4): 465–80.
656:
652:
645:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
610:
602:
596:
582:on 2014-12-11
581:
577:
574:Christie WW.
570:
562:
558:
553:
548:
544:
540:
536:
529:
521:
517:
513:
509:
506:(13): 73–99.
505:
501:
494:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
459:
451:
445:
441:
437:
436:
430:
422:
418:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
375:
369:
364:
361:
360:Phosphatidate
355:
350:
343:
338:
335:
329:
324:
317:
312:
311:
305:
303:
301:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
262:
254:
252:
248:
238:
235:
231:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
196:
192:
176:
175:margaric acid
160:
159:palmitic acid
156:
148:
143:
134:
132:
127:
125:
121:
120:cell membrane
117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
85:
83:
82:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
36:phospholipids
33:
29:
21:
5448:Cholinergics
5419:
5389:
5088:
4999:Tubocurarine
4929:Promegestone
4924:Progesterone
4839:Mecamylamine
4649:Cyclopropane
4639:Coronaridine
4571:Barbiturates
4556:Anatruxonium
4526:α-cobratoxin
4369:Sazetidine A
4289:JNJ-39393406
4279:Ispronicline
3976:
3876:thioridazine
3872:mesoridazine
3806:trimipramine
3802:quinupramine
3754:clomipramine
3746:butriptyline
3564:Procyclidine
3529:Piperidolate
3444:Orphenadrine
3344:Isopropamide
3329:Imidafenacin
3288:+neostigmine
3284:+indacaterol
3266:Fesoterodine
3196:Dihexyverine
3146:Cloperastine
3016:fluperlapine
2987:triprolidine
2983:propiomazine
2979:promethazine
2967:phenindamine
2784:Talsaclidine
2744:Oxotremorine
2719:Methacholine
2709:LY-2,033,298
2471:Multivitamin
2395:Saw palmetto
2375:Milk thistle
2048:("minerals")
1981:Energy drink
1896:
1867:
1792:
1778:PtdIns(3,4)P
1740:
1692:
1642:
1621:
1600:
1593:Progestogens
1569:
1566:
1513:
1473:
1438:
1398:Isoprostanes
1383:Epi-lipoxins
1364:
1335:Prostacyclin
1325:Leukotrienes
1315:
1306:
1128:Ether lipids
1029:-serine (PS)
1023:
889:
883:
850:
846:
840:
806:(2): 135–7.
803:
799:
789:
762:
758:
748:
739:
711:
707:
701:
692:
654:
650:
644:
619:
615:
609:
584:. Retrieved
580:the original
569:
542:
538:
528:
503:
499:
493:
468:
464:
458:
434:
421:
299:
268:
265:Biosynthesis
260:
244:
227:
199:
152:
146:
128:
113:
96:
88:
86:
79:
31:
27:
26:
5338:Terfenadine
5293:Kadsurenone
5231:Antagonists
5104:Pirisudanol
5069:Cyprodenate
5049:Adafenoxate
4964:Surugatoxin
4954:Sevoflurane
4909:Pentolinium
4889:Norketamine
4809:Laudanosine
4739:Erythravine
4729:Encenicline
4714:Dipyrandium
4684:Dextrorphan
4530:α-conotoxin
4489:Antagonists
4474:WAY-317,538
4469:Varenicline
4459:Tropisetron
4449:Tebanicline
4394:SSR-180,711
4359:Rivanicline
4349:Pozanicline
4344:PNU-282,987
4339:PNU-120,596
4334:PHA-709,829
4329:PHA-543,613
4269:Galantamine
4244:Epiboxidine
4239:Epibatidine
4159:Altinicline
3992:Pirisudanol
3957:Cyprodenate
3937:Adafenoxate
3902:Zamifenacin
3886:+vilanterol
3842:Tropicamide
3837:Tropatepine
3822:Trimebutine
3782:lofepramine
3758:desipramine
3725:Tolterodine
3694:mirtazapine
3686:maprotiline
3668:Telenzepine
3644:Solifenacin
3619:SCH-217,443
3594:Revefenacin
3579:Propiverine
3539:Piroheptine
3534:Pirenzepine
3499:Penthienate
3384:Mepenzolate
3379:Meladrazine
3354:Hyoscyamine
3338:+salbutamol
3324:Homatropine
3309:Hexocyclium
3166:Darifenacin
3126:CAR-302,668
3121:CAR-302,537
3116:CAR-302,368
3111:CAR-302,282
3106:CAR-302,196
3101:CAR-301,060
3096:CAR-226,086
3066:Benzydamine
3046:Benactyzine
3024:+fluoxetine
2971:pheniramine
2959:mequitazine
2943:dimetindene
2927:cinnarizine
2897:Anisodamine
2871:+formoterol
2849:Antagonists
2829:WAY-132,983
2799:Vedaclidine
2769:SDZ 210-086
2764:Sabcomeline
2754:Pilocarpine
2624:Bethanechol
2390:Royal jelly
2370:Lipoic acid
2365:Linseed oil
2325:Glucosamine
2253:ingredients
2066:Thiamine (B
1991:Fatty acids
1916:Cholesterol
1877:Fatty acids
1833:Sphingosine
1646:Eicosanoids
1365:Nonclassic:
1355:Thromboxane
1307:Eicosanoids
1189:Metabolites
1171:Sphingosine
1157:Cardiolipin
1137:Plasmalogen
765:(6): 46–8.
387:CDP choline
291:methylation
247:liposuction
5437:Categories
5368:Precursors
5333:SRI 63-441
5318:Rupatadine
5308:Loratadine
5303:Lexipafant
5288:Israpafant
5263:Cetirizine
5217:Edelfosine
5184:modulators
5064:Citicoline
5044:Acetyl-coA
5028:Precursors
5004:Vanoxerine
4994:Tropeinium
4979:Toxiferine
4944:Reboxetine
4934:Radafaxine
4879:Neramexane
4869:Mivacurium
4864:Metocurine
4829:Malouetine
4794:Isoflurane
4749:Fazadinium
4744:Esketamine
4724:Doxacurium
4709:Dioscorine
4669:Desflurane
4634:Coclaurine
4566:Atracurium
4551:Amantadine
4541:Alcuronium
4294:Levamisole
4284:Ivermectin
4229:Dianicline
4189:Butinoline
4174:Anatoxin-a
4063:modulators
3952:Citicoline
3932:Acetyl-coA
3916:Precursors
3897:Xanomeline
3778:imipramine
3766:dibenzepin
3673:Terodiline
3662:paroxetine
3658:femoxetine
3614:SCH-72,788
3609:SCH-57,790
3599:Rociverine
3494:PD-0298029
3489:PD-102,807
3469:Oxybutynin
3374:Mebeverine
3319:HL-031,120
3304:Hexbutinol
3246:Etanautine
3201:Difemerine
3181:Dexetimide
3131:Caramiphen
3086:Bornaprine
3036:tenilapine
3032:quetiapine
3020:olanzapine
2951:doxylamine
2931:clemastine
2919:captodiame
2877:Abediterol
2834:Xanomeline
2824:VU-0238429
2819:VU-0152100
2814:VU-0152099
2809:VU-0090157
2804:VU-0029767
2789:Tazomeline
2749:PD-151,832
2739:Ocvimeline
2724:Milameline
2699:LY-593,039
2664:Cevimeline
2609:Alvameline
2584:Aceclidine
2579:AC-260,584
2569:77-LH-28-1
2539:modulators
2496:modulators
2461:Herbal tea
2415:Wheatgrass
2315:Folic acid
2217:Phosphorus
2212:Molybdenum
2061:B vitamins
2011:Probiotics
2006:Prebiotics
1986:Energy bar
1911:Lanosterol
1859:Precursors
1635:Calcitriol
1625:Bile acids
1498:Pheromones
1483:Bile acids
1393:Hepoxilins
1241:Citicoline
586:2012-08-06
413:References
277:(DAG) and
271:eukaryotes
224:Senescence
116:surfactant
109:lipophilic
5348:Yangambin
4904:Pentamine
4899:Pempidine
4849:Methadone
4844:Memantine
4764:Halothane
4754:Gallamine
4734:Enflurane
4689:Diadonium
4604:Bupropion
4389:SIB-1553A
4384:SIB-1508Y
4374:SB-206553
4199:Carbachol
4179:AR-R17779
4169:Anatabine
4164:Anabasine
4129:A-867,744
4124:A-582,941
4119:A-366,833
3832:Tropacine
3750:cidoxepin
3720:Tofenacin
3690:mianserin
3682:amoxapine
3604:RU-47,213
3584:Quinidine
3544:Pizotifen
3504:Pethidine
3369:Mazaticol
3349:J-104,129
3314:Himbacine
3271:Flavoxate
3216:Drofenine
3091:Camylofin
3081:Biperiden
3056:Benzilone
3012:clozapine
2993:AQ-RA 741
2963:perlapine
2955:meclizine
2915:buclizine
2902:Anisodine
2887:AF-DX 384
2882:AF-DX 250
2729:Muscarine
2704:L-689,660
2694:Itameline
2679:Clozapine
2634:Carbachol
2619:Arecoline
2476:Nutrition
2425:Yohimbine
2420:Wolfberry
2400:Spirulina
2380:Melatonin
2355:Krill oil
2330:Glutamine
2300:Echinacea
2270:Carnitine
2222:Potassium
2207:Manganese
2202:Magnesium
2111:Biotin (B
2084:Niacin (B
1583:Estrogens
1573:Androgens
1567:Steroids:
1423:Resolvins
916:cite book
908:940961458
659:CiteSeerX
289:involves
241:Lipolysis
95:λέκιθος,
87:The name
44:headgroup
5416:See also
5343:WEB-2086
5328:SR-27417
5323:SM-12502
5313:PCA-4248
5278:Etizolam
5258:BN-52063
5253:BN-50739
5205:Agonists
5181:receptor
5116:See also
5058:lecithin
5034:prodrugs
4984:Tramadol
4834:ME-18-MC
4799:Ketamine
4789:Ibogaine
4609:BW284C51
4364:RJR-2429
4354:Pyrantel
4314:Nicotine
4309:Morantel
4299:Lobeline
4264:EVP-6124
4259:EVP-4473
4214:Cytisine
4209:Cotinine
4114:A-84,543
4085:Agonists
4004:See also
3946:lecithin
3922:prodrugs
3892:WIN-2299
3868:loxapine
3554:Pridinol
3414:Metixene
3171:DAU-5884
3151:CS-27349
3071:Bevonium
3040:zotepine
3028:rilapine
2998:Atropine
2659:CDD-0102
2654:CDD-0098
2649:CDD-0097
2644:CDD-0078
2639:CDD-0034
2614:AQRA-741
2599:AF150(S)
2561:Agonists
2310:Fish oil
2290:Creatine
2227:Selenium
2187:Fluorine
2172:Chromium
2041:Vitamins
2031:Vitamins
2001:Minerals
1906:Squalene
1897:Steroids
1801:Ceramide
1693:General:
1474:Steroids
1403:Lipoxins
1316:Classic:
1205:Inositol
1173:backbone
1105:PI(4,5)P
1097:PI(3,5)P
1089:PI(3,4)P
994:backbone
992:Glycerol
867:28503977
832:21976907
781:25013540
736:22619355
728:18349597
681:16681654
636:12917896
595:cite web
561:17704541
485:19940943
381:See also
173:-COOH);
126:(PCTP).
97:lekithos
89:lecithin
64:lecithin
56:soybeans
52:egg yolk
5375:Choline
5273:CV-6209
5268:CV-3988
5248:Apafant
5243:ABT-491
5238:A-85783
5054:Choline
4614:BW-A444
4592:(e.g.,
4585:BNC-210
4573:(e.g.,
4536:ABT-126
4520:(e.g.,
4479:XY-4083
4444:TC-6683
4439:TC-5619
4434:TC-5214
4429:TC-2216
4424:TC-1827
4419:TC-1734
4414:TC-1698
4324:NS-1738
4318:tobacco
4204:Choline
4149:ABT-894
4144:ABT-560
4139:ABT-418
4134:ABT-202
3942:Choline
3854:(e.g.,
3774:doxepin
3732:(e.g.,
3680:(e.g.,
3656:(e.g.,
3549:Poldine
3509:pFHHSiD
3434:Nefopam
3236:EA-3834
3231:EA-3580
3226:EA-3443
3221:EA-3167
3076:BIBN 99
3010:(e.g.,
2909:(e.g.,
2734:NGX-267
2714:McNA343
2669:Choline
2456:Hadacol
2410:Taurine
2360:Lingzhi
2340:Guarana
2320:Ginseng
2305:Ephedra
2167:Choline
2162:Calcium
1868:General
1785:PKB/Akt
1764:PKB/Akt
1643:Others:
1622:Others:
1533:Retinal
1231:Choline
875:4074211
823:3183720
772:4086534
689:9994696
520:1883207
374:Choline
251:lipomas
228:A 2009
213:cytosol
209:choline
111:drugs.
40:choline
5361:Others
4644:Curare
4561:AQW051
4508:18-MAC
4464:UB-165
4274:GTS-21
4104:5-HIAA
4072:nAChRs
3211:Ditran
2862:4-DAMP
2839:YM-796
2604:AF267B
2548:mAChRs
2451:Enzyte
2237:Sulfur
2232:Sodium
2192:Iodine
2182:Copper
2177:Cobalt
1514:Others
1319:Eoxins
1076:PI(5)P
1071:PI(4)P
1066:PI(3)P
1044:glyco-
980:Lipids
945:(MeSH)
906:
896:
873:
865:
830:
820:
779:
769:
734:
726:
687:
679:
661:
634:
559:
518:
483:
446:
60:hexane
5298:L-652
5212:C-PAF
5032:(and
5014:Xenon
4513:18-MC
4492:(and
4088:(and
3920:(and
3650:SSRIs
2574:AC-42
1969:Types
1805:CAPPs
1789:PDPK1
1772:PDPK1
1487:GPBAR
1046:(GPI)
871:S2CID
732:S2CID
685:S2CID
440:80–81
297:with
287:liver
181:C-(CH
165:C-(CH
93:Greek
42:as a
5193:PAFR
4694:DHβE
4495:NAMs
4091:PAMs
3484:PBID
3186:DIBD
2759:RS86
2594:AF30
2260:AAKG
2242:Zinc
2197:Iron
1837:SDK1
1817:CTSD
1813:PKCζ
1809:KSR1
1751:IRKs
1709:TRPC
1660:PPAR
1650:PPAR
1527:PAFR
1462:S1PR
1452:LPAR
1427:FPR2
1417:OXER
1407:FPR2
1387:FPR2
1368:EETs
1062:PIP
922:link
904:OCLC
894:ISBN
863:PMID
828:PMID
777:PMID
724:PMID
677:PMID
632:PMID
601:link
557:PMID
516:PMID
481:PMID
444:ISBN
5400:AAG
5395:LPC
5380:ATP
5222:PAF
5179:PAF
3740:),
3026:),
2043:and
1885:ω-6
1881:ω-3
1845:YPK
1841:PKH
1828:S1P
1796:C1P
1791:);
1768:Btk
1757:PIP
1744:PIP
1730:RyR
1705:PKC
1701:DAG
1674:RXR
1670:RAR
1641:);
1639:VDR
1629:FXR
1620:);
1599:);
1537:RHO
1523:PAF
1502:VNR
1458:S1P
1448:LPA
1377:CBR
1359:TXR
1349:PGR
1339:IPR
1329:LTR
1115:PIP
1082:PIP
855:doi
818:PMC
808:doi
767:PMC
716:doi
712:121
669:doi
624:doi
547:doi
543:282
508:doi
473:doi
293:of
232:of
54:or
5439::
5390:PC
4596:,
4577:,
4528:,
4524:,
3874:,
3870:,
3866:,
3862:,
3858:,
3804:,
3800:,
3796:,
3792:,
3788:,
3784:,
3780:,
3776:,
3772:,
3768:,
3764:,
3760:,
3756:,
3752:,
3748:,
3744:,
3692:,
3688:,
3684:,
3660:,
3286:,
3282:,
3038:,
3034:,
3030:,
3018:,
3014:,
2985:,
2981:,
2977:,
2973:,
2969:,
2965:,
2961:,
2957:,
2953:,
2949:,
2945:,
2941:,
2937:,
2933:,
2929:,
2925:,
2921:,
2917:,
2913:,
2131:12
1883:,
1843:,
1839:,
1815:,
1811:,
1807:,
1787:,
1770:,
1766:,
1728:,
1722:IP
1715:IP
1707:,
1672:,
1618:MR
1608:GR
1597:PR
1587:ER
1577:AR
1289::
982::
918:}}
914:{{
902:.
869:.
861:.
851:52
849:.
826:.
816:.
802:.
798:.
775:.
761:.
757:.
738:.
730:.
722:.
710:.
691:.
683:.
675:.
667:.
655:32
653:.
630:.
618:.
597:}}
593:{{
555:.
541:.
537:.
514:.
504:60
502:.
479:.
469:55
467:.
442:.
215:.
197:.
187:15
171:14
147:sn
32:PC
5170:e
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5060:)
5056:(
5036:)
4600:)
4581:)
4501:)
4320:)
4316:(
4097:)
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3944:(
3924:)
3888:)
3884:(
3878:)
3808:)
3736:(
3696:)
3664:)
3340:)
3336:(
3290:)
3278:(
3042:)
3022:(
2989:)
2873:)
2869:(
2528:e
2521:t
2514:v
2133:)
2124:)
2122:9
2115:)
2113:7
2106:)
2104:6
2097:)
2095:5
2088:)
2086:3
2079:)
2077:2
2070:)
2068:1
2022:)
2013:(
1954:e
1947:t
1940:v
1887:)
1879:(
1847:)
1835:(
1819:)
1803:(
1783:(
1780:2
1774:)
1762:(
1759:3
1753:)
1749:(
1746:2
1732:)
1726:R
1724:3
1720:(
1717:3
1711:)
1703:(
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1668:(
1662:)
1658:(
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1648:(
1637:(
1631:)
1627:(
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1525:(
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1500:(
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1460:(
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1425:(
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1327:(
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996:(
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810::
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718::
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603:)
589:.
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549::
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475::
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300:S
185:)
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169:)
167:2
163:3
30:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
