550:) upstream dams that block the flow and the diversion of water by non-native farmers. This has been a cause of great upset among all of the Oʼodham. The upstream diversion in combination with periods of drought, led to lengthy periods of famine that were a devastating change from the documented prosperity the people had experienced until non-native settlers engaged in more aggressive farming in areas that were traditionally used by the Akimel Oʼodham and Apache in Eastern Arizona. This abuse of water rights was the impetus for a nearly century long legal battle between the Gila River Indian Community and the United States government, which was settled in favor of the Akimel Oʼodham and signed into law by George W. Bush in December 2005. As a side note, at times during the monsoon season the Salt River runs, albeit at low levels. In the weeks after December 29, 2004, when an unexpected winter rainstorm flooded areas much further upstream (in Northern Arizona), water was released through dams on the river at rates higher than at any time since the filling of
567:
453:
543:, sometimes rendered in English as Him-dag) was and is centered on the river, which is considered holy. The term Him-dag should be clarified, as it does not have a direct translation into the English language, and is not limited to reverence of the river. It encompasses a great deal because O'odham him-dag intertwines religion, morals, values, philosophy, and general world view which are all interconnected. Their world view/religious beliefs are centered on the natural world, and this is pervasive throughout their culture.
248:
75:
359:
1277:
86:
521:
492:
of pacification and confinement of Native
Americans to reservations. Uncertainty and variable crop yields led to major settlement reorganizations. The establishment of agency headquarters, churches and schools, and trading posts at Vahki (Casa Blanca) and Gu U ki (Sacaton) during the 1870s and 1880s led to the growth of these towns as administrative and commercial centers, at the expense of others.
496:
10-acre (40,000 m) parcel of irrigable land located within districts irrigated by the Santan, Agency, Blackwater, and Casa Blanca projects on the eastern half of the reservation. In 1917, the allotment size was doubled to include a primary lot of irrigable land and a secondary, usually non-contiguous 10-acre (40,000 m) tract of grazing land.
367:
512:
regained its self-government and are recognized as a tribe. In addition, they have developed several profitable enterprises in fields such as agriculture and telecommunications, and built several gaming casinos to generate revenues. They have begun to construct a water delivery system across the reservation in order to revive their farming economy.
779:), as suggested by anthropologist Robert Ferrell in 1984 and a sudden shift in diet during the last century from traditional agricultural crops to processed foods, together with a decline in physical activity. For comparison, genetically similar O'odham in Mexico have only a slighter higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes than non-O'odham Mexicans.
45:
787:
The Akimel O'odham associate great importance to the names of individuals. From age ten until the time of marriage, neither boys nor girls were allowed to speak their own names out loud. The Pima
Indians believed such an act would bring bad luck to the children and their future. Similarly, people in
409:
Contact was infrequent with the
Mexicans during their rule of southern Arizona between 1821 and 1853. The Akimel Oʼodham were affected by introduced European elements, such as infectious diseases to which they had no immunity, new crops (cultigens, e.g., wheat), livestock, and use of tools and goods
499:
The most ambitious effort to rectify the economic plight of the Akimel Oʼodham was the San Carlos
Project Act of 1924, which authorized the construction of a water storage dam on the Gila River. It provided for the irrigation of 50,000 acres (200 km) of Indian and 50,000 acres (200 km) of
491:
migrants came to settle upstream locations along the Gila, as well as along the lower Salt River. Due to their encroachment and competition for scarce resources, interaction between Native
American groups and the Euro-American settlers became increasingly tense. The U.S. government adopted a policy
680:
The Gila River Indian
Community is involved in various economic development enterprises that provide entertainment and recreation: three gaming casinos, associated golf courses, a luxury resort, and a western-themed amusement park. In addition, they manage various industrial parks, landfills, and
791:
The people gave their children careful oral instruction in moral, religious and other matters. Their ceremonies often included set speeches, in which the speaker would recite portions of their cosmic myth. Such a recounting was especially important in the preparation for war. These speeches were
511:
Over the decades, the U.S. government promoted assimilation, forcing changes on to the Akimel Oʼodham in nearly every aspect of their lives. Since World War II, however, the Akimel Oʼodham have experienced a resurgence of interest in tribal sovereignty and economic development. The community has
262:
later corrupted the miscommunication into Pimos, which was adapted to Pima river people. The Akimel Oʼodham people today call their villages
District #1 – U's kehk (Blackwater), District #2 – Hashan Kehk (Saguaro Stand), District #3 – Gu꞉U Ki (Sacaton), District #4 – Santan, District #5 – Vah Ki
495:
By 1898 agriculture had nearly ceased within the GRIC. Although some Akimel Oʼodham drew rations, their principal means of livelihood was woodcutting. The first allotments of land within Gila River were established in 1914, in an attempt to break up communal land. Each individual was assigned a
377:
Initially, the Akimel O'odham experienced little intensive colonial contact. Early encounters were limited to parties traveling through the territory or community members visiting settlements to the south. The
Hispanic era (A.D.1694–1853) of the Historic period began with the first visit by
591:
668:
is a sovereign tribe residing on more than 550,000 acres (2,200 km) of land in central
Arizona. The community is divided into seven districts (similar to states) with a council representing individual subgovernments. It is self-governed by an elected Governor (currently
350:, who raided their villages at times due to competition for resources. The latter tribes were more nomadic, depending primarily on hunting and gathering, and would raid the more settled groups who cultivated foods. They established some friendly relations with the Apache.
500:
non-Indian land. For a variety of reasons, the San Carlos
Project failed to revitalize the Oʼodham farming economy. In effect the project halted the Gila river waters, and the Akimel O'odham no longer had a source of water for farming. This began the
763:
in the world, much more than is observed in other U.S. populations. While they do not have a greater risk than other tribes, the Pima people have been the subject of intensive study of diabetes, in part because they form a homogeneous group.
1080:
Schulz, L.O., Bennett, P. H., Ravussin, E., Kidd, J. R., Kidd, K. K., Esparza, J., & Valencia, M. E. (2006). "Effects of traditional and western environments on prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians in Mexico and the U.S.",
309:, with daughters and their husbands living with and near the daughter's mother. Familial groups tended to consist of extended families. The Akimel Oʼodham also lived seasonally in temporary field houses in order to tend their crops.
238:
meaning "I don't know," which they used repeatedly in their initial meetings with Spanish colonists. The Spanish referred to them as the Pima. This term was adopted by later English speakers: traders, explorers and settlers.
704:
The Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community is smaller in size. It also has a government of an elected President and tribal council. They operate tribal gaming, industrial projects, landfills and construction supply. The
449:. Travelers used the villages of the Akimel Oʼodham as oases to recover from the crossing of unfamiliar deserts. They also bought new supplies and livestock to support the journey across the remaining deserts to the west.
305:-style villages. The villages were set up as a loose group of houses with familial groups sharing a central ramada and kitchen area. Brush "Olas Ki:ki" (round houses) were built around this central area. The Oʼodham are
805:
which are huts made of mats of reed-grass cut in half and built n the form of a vault on arched sticks. The top is covered with these mats, thick enough to resist the weather, Inside, they have only a
788:
the tribe do not say aloud the names of deceased people, in order to avoid bad luck by calling their spirits back among the living. But the word or words in the name are not dropped from the language.
759:
The Keli Akimel O'odham and the Onk Akimel O'odham have various environmentally based health issues related to the decline of their traditional economy and farming. They have the highest prevalence of
335:
The ancient economy of the Akimel O'odham was primarily subsistence, based on farming, hunting and gathering. They also conducted extensive trading. The prehistoric peoples built an extensive
861:
756:. As of 2000, the population living in the community was 742. Ak-Chin is an O'odham word that means the "mouth of the arroyo" or "place where the wash loses itself in the sand or ground."
342:
The Akimel Oʼodham were experts in the area of textiles and produced intricate baskets as well as woven cloth. Prior to the arrival of Europeans, their primary military rivals were the
677:) and 18-member Tribal Council. The council is elected by district with the number of electees determined by district population. There are more than 19,000 enrolled members overall.
558:. The diversion of the water and the introduction of non-native diet is said to have been the leading contributing factor in the high rate of diabetes among the Akimel Oʼodham tribe.
472:. As a result, the Akimel Oʼodham experienced a period of prosperity. The Gila River Indian Community (GRIC) was established in 1859. The 1860 census records the Pima Villages as
547:
681:
construction supply. The GRIC is also involved in agriculture and runs its own farms and other agricultural projects. The Gila River Indian Reservation is home of
258:
until the first account of interaction with non-Native Americans was recorded. Spanish missionaries recorded Pima villages known as Kina, Equituni and Uturituc.
339:
system to compensate for arid conditions. It remains in use today. Over time the communities built and altered canal systems according to their changing needs.
328:
is spoken by all O'odham groups. There are certain dialectal differences, but they are mutually intelligible and all O'odham groups can understand one another.
1265:
464:, when the US acquired southern Arizona. New markets were developed, initially to supply immigrants heading for California. Grain was needed for horses of the
192:. The majority population of the two current bands of the Akimel O'odham in the United States are based in two reservations: the Keli Akimel Oʼodham on the
566:
674:
858:
670:
1243:
795:
Traditionally, the Pimas lived in a thatched wattle-and-daub hut, as seen by the early European-American settlers who ventured into their country:
429:, it ceded the territory of what is now Arizona to the United States, with the exception of the land south of the Gila River. Soon thereafter the
1440:
469:
710:
706:
630:
1511:
1516:
1258:
606:(GRIC). In historic times a large number of Akimel O'odham migrated north to occupy the banks of the Salt River, where they formed the
607:
555:
197:
1055:
744:
The Ak-Chin Indian Community is located in the Santa Cruz Valley in Arizona. The community is composed mainly of Ak-Chin O'odham (
1487:
1028:
1506:
1251:
1138:
990:
911:
768:
583:
173:
1154:
Gil-Osle, Juan Pablo. “Early Map-Making of the Pimería Alta (1597–1770) in Arizona and Sonora: A Transborder Case Study.”
617:
Within the O'odham people, four federally recognized tribes in the Southwest speak the same language: they are called the
839:
1211:
1273:
1196:
1181:
859:
http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B02005&prodType=table
332:
differences have arisen among the different groups, especially in reference to newer technologies and innovations.
1107:. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press, on behalf of the American Ethnological Society. p. 6.
413:
Euroamerican contacts with the Akimel Oʼodham in the middle Gila Valley increased after 1846 as a result of the
219:
or Wa꞉k (together with the Tohono O'odham), and in the Salt River Indian Community. Together with the related
1281:
216:
665:
618:
603:
452:
227:("Sand Dune People"), the Akimel O'odham form the Upper Oʼodham or Upper Pima (also known as Pima Alto).
193:
17:
1521:
504:
years. Many Oʼodham have believed these wrong and misguided government policies were an attempt of mass
1016:, Researched and Written for the Gila River Indian Community, Sacaton, Arizona, 1999, p. 166, Table 1
465:
264:
760:
650:
642:
426:
414:
208:
1381:
776:
446:
422:
661:("Sand Dune People"), are not federally recognized, but reside throughout southwestern Arizona.
752:, another division of the Akimel O'odham – "River People") and Tohono O'odham, as well as some
1403:
1147:
Gil-Osle, Juan Pablo. “Cabeza de Vaca’s Primahaitu Pidgin, O’odham Nation, and euskaldunak.”
935:
1103:
Fontana, Bernard L.; Robinson, William J.; Cormack, Charles W.; Leavitt, Earnest E. (1962).
966:
638:
533:
430:
418:
290:
8:
1448:
1434:
829:
658:
481:
477:
434:
313:
224:
144:
1014:
Peoples of the Middle Gila: A Documentary History of the Pimas and Maricopas, 1500s–1945
610:(SRPMIC). Both tribes are confederations of two distinct ethnicities, which include the
165:
103:
1059:
929:
904:
Tribal Names of the Americas: Spelling Variants and Alternative Forms, Cross-Referenced
824:
488:
433:
began, drawing Americans to travel to California through the Mexican territory between
259:
204:
139:
771:
has been hypothesized as the result of the interaction of genetic predisposition (the
1207:
1192:
1177:
1134:
1108:
986:
907:
772:
595:
571:
220:
189:
149:
123:
1025:
1458:
1086:
461:
371:
271:
177:
111:
107:
1349:
1334:
1032:
980:
834:
741:– "Gila River People", another division of the Akimel O'odham – "River People").
682:
611:
551:
1131:
Forced to abandon our fields the 1914 Clay Southworth Gila River Pima interviews
399:
279:
270:
The Akimel Oʼodham (known as the Pima to anthropologists) are a subgroup of the
1468:
1413:
721:– "Salt River People", a division of the Akimel O'odham – "River People"), the
438:
347:
1500:
1344:
1339:
865:
602:
As of 2014, the majority of the population lives in the federally recognized
579:
575:
442:
383:
358:
79:
74:
247:
1393:
753:
701:– "Gila River People", a division of the Akimel O'odham – "River People").
379:
329:
298:
1226:
Traders and Raiders: The Indigenous World of the Colorado Basin, 1540–1859
1112:
1012:
The Maricopa occupied 2 others, Hueso Parado and Sacaton. John P. Wilson,
302:
1418:
1386:
1354:
1314:
730:
387:
294:
1398:
1304:
1299:
626:
529:
336:
306:
286:
1376:
1090:
1369:
1319:
473:
403:
212:
1329:
1051:
The Human Genome Project and Diabetes: Genetics of Type II Diabetes
928:
892:. 7th ed. Vol. A. New York: W. W. Norton &, 2007. 22–31. Print.
528:
The Akimel O'odham ("River People") have lived on the banks of the
505:
1473:
1463:
1453:
1359:
1309:
1285:
1276:
729:– "People who live toward the water", descendants of the refugee
398:, was a revolt of Pima people in 1751 against colonial forces in
230:
The short name, "Pima", is believed to have come from the phrase
90:
85:
811:
on which to sleep, and gourds in which to carry and store water.
792:
adapted for each occasion but the general context was the same.
590:
807:
524:
Fine Pima baskets, photographed around 1907 by Edward S. Curtis
520:
501:
417:. The Akimel Oʼodham traded and gave aid to the expeditions of
343:
185:
181:
1408:
1102:
801:
1238:
1228:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2014.
362:
Pima dwellings of traditional and brick construction in 1900
1364:
1324:
598:), artist, youth advocate, and founder of Apache Skateboard
460:
The American era (A.D. 1853–1950), began in 1853 with the
402:
and one of the major northern frontier conflicts in early
546:
The Gila and Salt Rivers are currently dry, due to the (
366:
176:
living in an area consisting of what is now central and
888:
Awawtam. "Pima Stories of the Beginning of the World."
44:
554:
in 1998, and was a cause for minor celebration in the
857:
U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey,
515:
1053:. New Mexico State University. 1997. June 1, 2006.
733:), the Tohono O'odham ("Desert People") and some
370:Kaviu, a Pima elder, photographed around 1907 by
1498:
1169:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1983.
969:, Gila River website; accessed December 28, 2013
767:The general increased diabetes prevalence among
203:The Akimel O'odham are closely related to the
1259:
1206:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2006.
1191:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1974.
1239:Gila River Indian Community Official website
1204:Diabetes Among the Pima: Stories of Survival
1133:. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
978:
902:Clark, Patricia Roberts (October 21, 2009).
657:– "Desert People"). The remaining band, the
972:
890:The Norton Anthology of American Literature
456:Two young Pima Indian school girls, ca.1900
1266:
1252:
926:
196:(GRIC) and the On'k Akimel O'odham on the
1176:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
707:Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community
631:Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community
608:Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community
556:Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community
480:, Cerrito, Cerro Chiquito, El Llano, and
198:Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community
727:Xalychidom Piipaa or Xalychidom Piipaash
589:
565:
519:
451:
365:
357:
278:), whose lands were known in Spanish as
242:
1046:
1044:
487:After the American Civil War, numerous
14:
1499:
1488:List of Indian reservations in Arizona
1293:Contemporary peoples native to Arizona
1219:Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes
1128:
982:Encyclopedia of Native American tribes
267:), and District #7 – Maricopa Colony.
263:(Casa Blanca), District #6 – Komatke (
1247:
901:
875:
873:
353:
168:for "river people"), also called the
27:Indigenous tribe in the US and Mexico
1041:
939:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
895:
536:since long before European contact.
67:Regions with significant populations
840:List of dwellings of Pueblo peoples
285:The Akimel O'odham lived along the
254:The Pima Indians called themselves
24:
1512:Native American history of Arizona
1163:Handbook of North American Indians
1122:
985:. Infobase Publishing. p. 4.
870:
851:
673:), Lieutenant Governor (currently
425:on their way to California. After
246:
215:, whose descendants reside on the
43:
25:
1533:
1517:Native American tribes in Arizona
1232:
927:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
516:Akimel O'odham and the Salt River
1275:
468:and for the military during the
84:
73:
1428:Prehistoric cultures in Arizona
1161:Ortiz, Alfonzo, volume editor.
1096:
1074:
1056:"Diabetes and Genes in Disease"
1038:. (retrieved December 20, 2009)
1019:
211:. They are also related to the
1174:A Native American Encyclopedia
1006:
960:
943:
920:
882:
594:Douglas Miles (Akimel O'odham–
561:
445:, on what became known as the
13:
1:
548:San Carlos Irrigation project
274:or Upper Pima (also known as
217:San Xavier Indian Reservation
126:, traditional tribal religion
1507:Indigenous peoples in Mexico
1221:. New York: Checkmark, 1999.
845:
7:
818:
619:Gila River Indian Community
604:Gila River Indian Community
194:Gila River Indian Community
10:
1538:
782:
223:("Desert People") and the
180:, as well as northwestern
1482:
1427:
1292:
1031:December 1, 2008, at the
906:. McFarland. p. 10.
466:Butterfield Overland Mail
265:Sierra Estrella Mountains
135:
130:
122:
117:
102:
97:
71:
66:
61:
56:
42:
1156:Journal of the Southwest
1149:Journal of the Southwest
1129:DeJong, David H (2011).
643:Ak-Chin Indian Community
209:Ak-Chin Indian Community
1202:Smith-Morris, Carolyn.
476:, Arenal, Casa Blanca,
447:Southern Emigrant Trail
423:Philip St. George Cooke
967:About Tribe: Districts
864:February 12, 2020, at
813:
599:
587:
525:
457:
374:
363:
251:
48:
1105:Papago Indian Pottery
979:Carl Waldman (2006).
936:Catholic Encyclopedia
797:
651:Tohono O'odham Nation
593:
569:
523:
455:
369:
361:
250:
243:History prior to 1688
131:Related ethnic groups
62:19,921 ± 4,574 (2010)
47:
1151:60.1 (2018): 252–68.
1085:, 29(8), 1866–1871.
930:"Pima Indians"
739:Keli Akimel Au-Authm
719:On'k Akimel Au-Authm
699:Keli Akimel Au-Authm
431:California Gold Rush
419:Stephen Watts Kearny
415:Mexican–American War
390:, also known as the
1158:63.1 (2021): 39–74.
735:Keli Akimel O'odham
695:Keli Akimel O'odham
623:Keli Akimel O'odham
539:Their way of life (
316:, variously called
39:
1282:Indigenous peoples
1224:Zappia, Natale A.
1187:Shaw, Anna Moore.
1036:Apache Skateboards
825:Pima Indian Revolt
715:Onk Akimel O'odham
635:Onk Akimel O'odham
600:
588:
526:
470:American Civil War
458:
375:
364:
354:History after 1694
260:European Americans
252:
207:, now forming the
49:
35:
1494:
1493:
1172:Pritzker, Barry.
1140:978-1-60781-095-7
1091:10.2337/dc06-0138
992:978-0-8160-6274-4
913:978-0-7864-5169-2
773:thrifty phenotype
725:(call themselves
713:) is home of the
675:Stephen Roe-Lewis
596:San Carlos Apache
572:Douglas MacArthur
184:in the states of
172:, are a group of
158:
157:
124:Roman Catholicism
51:O'odham portraits
16:(Redirected from
1529:
1443:
1435:Ancestral Pueblo
1280:
1279:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1144:
1117:
1116:
1100:
1094:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1062:on June 16, 2006
1058:. Archived from
1048:
1039:
1026:"Douglas Miles."
1023:
1017:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
976:
970:
964:
958:
947:
941:
940:
932:
924:
918:
917:
899:
893:
886:
880:
877:
868:
855:
830:O'odham language
799:Their homes are
777:thrifty genotype
769:Native Americans
746:Ak-Chin Au-Authm
723:Maricopa of Lehi
693:– "People") and
687:Piipaa, Piipaash
659:Hia C-ed O'odham
462:Gadsden Purchase
392:O'odham Uprising
372:Edward S. Curtis
314:O'odham language
225:Hia C-ed O'odham
178:southern Arizona
174:Native Americans
145:Hia C-ed O'odham
89:
88:
78:
77:
57:Total population
40:
34:
21:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1478:
1439:
1423:
1350:Southern Paiute
1288:
1274:
1272:
1235:
1217:Waldman, Carl.
1141:
1125:
1123:Further reading
1120:
1101:
1097:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1054:
1049:
1042:
1033:Wayback Machine
1024:
1020:
1011:
1007:
997:
995:
993:
977:
973:
965:
961:
948:
944:
925:
921:
914:
900:
896:
887:
883:
878:
871:
856:
852:
848:
835:Man in the Maze
821:
815:
785:
761:type 2 diabetes
671:Gregory Mendoza
647:Ak-Chin O'odham
584:Native American
564:
552:Tempe Town Lake
518:
441:crossings near
427:Mexico's defeat
410:made of metal.
400:Spanish Arizona
356:
330:Lexicographical
245:
205:Ak-Chin O'odham
154:
140:Ak-Chin O'odham
83:
72:
52:
37:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1535:
1525:
1524:
1522:Akimel O'odham
1519:
1514:
1509:
1492:
1491:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1404:Western Apache
1401:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1387:Akimel O'odham
1384:
1382:Tohono Oʼodham
1374:
1373:
1372:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
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996:. Retrieved
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32:Ethnic group
29:
1449:Basketmaker
1315:Halchidhoma
1189:A Pima Past
731:Halchidhoma
649:); and the
562:Modern life
534:Salt Rivers
388:Pima Revolt
380:Father Kino
232:pi 'añi mac
18:Pima people
1501:Categories
1305:Chiricahua
1300:Chemehuevi
1165:. Vol. 10
664:Today the
639:Salt River
627:Gila River
582:and other
482:Hormiguero
478:Cachanillo
337:irrigation
307:matrilocal
301:rivers in
200:(SRPMIC).
1485:See also:
1441:dwellings
1370:Hopi-Tewa
1320:Havasupai
1167:Southwest
846:Footnotes
474:Agua Raiz
404:New Spain
382:to their
303:ranchería
276:Pima Alto
213:Sobaipuri
190:Chihuahua
98:Languages
1459:Mogollon
1335:Maricopa
1330:Hualapai
1029:Archived
862:Archived
819:See also
691:Pee-Posh
683:Maricopa
612:Maricopa
578:, Pima,
574:meeting
570:General
506:genocide
437:and the
384:villages
118:Religion
1474:Sinagua
1464:Patayan
1454:Hohokam
1414:Yavapai
1377:Oʼodham
1360:Quechan
1310:Cocopah
1286:Arizona
1066:June 1,
802:jacales
783:Customs
541:himdagĭ
435:Mesilla
394:or the
348:Yavapai
236:pi mac,
166:O'odham
112:Spanish
108:English
104:O'odham
91:Arizona
1469:Salado
1345:Navajo
1340:Mohave
1210:
1195:
1180:
1137:
1113:869680
1111:
989:
910:
808:petate
737:(also
717:(also
711:SRPMIC
697:(also
586:troops
580:Pawnee
576:Navajo
502:famine
344:Apache
299:Sonora
297:, and
256:Othama
186:Sonora
182:Mexico
1409:Yaqui
951:Aatam
949:Also
754:Yoeme
295:Yaqui
188:and
1419:Zuni
1365:Tewa
1355:Pima
1325:Hopi
1208:ISBN
1193:ISBN
1178:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1109:OCLC
1068:2006
1000:2011
987:ISBN
908:ISBN
750:Pima
666:GRIC
532:and
530:Gila
443:Yuma
421:and
346:and
312:The
291:Salt
287:Gila
170:Pima
160:The
38:Pima
1284:of
1087:doi
953:or
775:or
689:or
637:– "
625:– "
324:or
234:or
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