408:
695:
420:
502:
456:
444:
432:
82:
266:
57:
33:
597:
396:
The male cones are squat, 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in) long. The female cones are short, with rigid, woody scales, 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) long, 5–7 cm (2.0–2.8 in) broad, maturing from green to red-orange. They most often appear in whorls of 3 to 4, and generally open within
1446:
Shayanmehr, F., Jalali, S. G., Ghanati, F., & Kartoolinejad, D. (2008). Discrimination of Pinus eldarica MEDW. and its two new species by epicuticular wax, lignin content, electrophoretic isozyme and activity of peroxidase. Feddes
Repertorium, 119(7‐8), 644–654.
1384:
1248:
Bonari, Gianmaria; Fernández-González, Federico; Çoban, Süleyman; Monteiro-Henriques, Tiago; Bergmeier, Erwin; Didukh, Yakiv P.; Xystrakis, Fotios; Angiolini, Claudia; Chytrý, Kryštof; Acosta, Alicia T.R.; Agrillo, Emiliano (January 2021). Ewald, Jörg (ed.).
780:
in Turkey and Cyprus) and elsewhere in the
Mediterranean region east to Pakistan. The timber is used for many purposes including carpentry, industry, general constructions, firewood and pulp. In Israel it is sometimes preferred to the wider-used
587:
described the species in 1811. While Tenore did not provide an explanation for the specific epithet, Frankis believes Tenore named it after the historical region of
Brutium, now Calabria, where an introduced population has become naturalized.
397:
two years of fertilization. The seeds are usually wind dispersed, dropping from the cones after they open, but some trees have been observed with cones that do not open enough to facilitate wind dispersal. Frankis believes
1453:
Shayanmehr, F., Jalali, S. G., Ghanati, F., Kartoolinejad, D., & Apple, M. E. (2009). Two new morphotypes of Pinus eldarica: Discrimination by macromorphological and anatomical traits. Dendrobiology, 61, 27–36.
407:
846:
is referred to as "Eldarica pine", "Afghan pine" or "Mondell pine" (after
Mondell Bennett, a commercial tree grower in New Mexico who popularized the species starting in 1969).
570:, Afghan Pine: native to Azerbaijan and Georgia and naturalized in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Smaller cones, 5–8 cm (2.0–3.1 in). Sometimes treated as a subspecies of
389:
inches) long, dark green to yellow-green. The needles come in fascicles of two and rarely three, the latter specimens showing similarities in cone structure to the related
296:
native to the eastern
Mediterranean region. The bulk of its range is in Turkey, but certain varieties are naturalized as far east as Afghanistan. It is also known as
669:
976:
Olsson, Sanna; Lorenzo, Zaida; Zabal-Aguirre, Mario; Piotti, Andrea; Vendramin, Giovanni G.; González-Martínez, Santiago C.; Grivet, Delphine (2021-07-01).
722:. Under normal circumstances, this insect does no significant damage to the pine, but is of great importance for the excess sugar it secretes. This sugar, "
635:. It generally occurs at low altitudes, mostly from sea level to 600 m (2,000 ft), up to 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in the south of its range.
375:
is thin and red-orange, maturing to grey-brown to orange in color, fissured to flaky in texture. The leaves are needle-like, slender, 10–16 centimetres (4–
1315:
1815:
1738:
1136:
761:, was this species. Cones from the battlefield were taken home to Australia, and plants sourced from the seeds were planted as living memorials.
574:
or a species of its own. Due to its tolerance of drought and poor soil, it is widely planted as an ornamental in both southwestern US and Europe.
1491:
661:, is largely restricted to forests of Turkish pine and depends heavily on it for feeding; the ranges of the two species are largely coincident.
1422:
Southwest
Christmas Tree Industry Research Needs and Commercial Opportunities: Proceedings of the Symposium held May 11, 1984, Tucson, Arizona
1777:
1913:
1506:
978:"Evolutionary history of the mediterranean Pinus halepensis-brutia species complex using gene-resequencing and transcriptomic approaches"
686:
associations with numerous species of fungi, and its logs and branches are excellent substrates for many kinds of decomposing organisms.
1836:
1978:
1686:
1948:
1751:
1699:
1227:
1218:
1414:
455:
751:
682:
The species covers 175,000 hectares (430,000 acres) in Cyprus, roughly ~90% of all woodland coverage on the island. It forms
1756:
1973:
694:
1938:
1354:
1137:"Afghan Pine | Woody Plant Finder | Comprehensive Landscape Plant Directory | Plant Finders | Plant Resources Home | TTU"
1650:
419:
81:
1958:
1782:
1963:
1725:
611:
The bulk of its range is in Turkey, but it also extends to southeasternmost
Bulgaria, the East Aegean Islands of
1953:
1923:
1854:
1223:
1928:
1590:
830:
in the United States), where its considerable heat and drought tolerance is highly valued. The subspecies
1575:
556:, Turkey. Exceptionally long needles, 24–29 cm (9.4–11.4 in), that hang in pendules similar to
524:: Typical form, with longer needles, 10–18 cm (3.9–7.1 in). Found across Eastern Mediterranean.
343:
is a medium-size tree, reaching 20–35 metres (66–115 feet) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m (
431:
1933:
1849:
1704:
1209:
835:
1968:
1792:
1112:
494:. The species is now treated as distinct, and forms a species complex across the Mediterranean with
1943:
887:
312:
region of southern Italy; historically this region was called
Bruttium, which is likely where the
1841:
1616:
1455:
1448:
1316:"Basidiomycete diversity within Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia) ecosystems on the island of Cyprus"
213:
654:
398:
1743:
1556:
1518:
443:
1668:
1805:
240:
1769:
1624:
1262:
776:
It is widely planted for timber, both in its native area (it is the most important tree in
764:"Lone Pine" memorials, based on cones brought back from Gallipoli, may use this species or
723:
718:
1877:
8:
1250:
1160:
46:
1828:
1266:
1038:
1885:
1663:
1335:
1296:
955:
76:
834:
is the most drought tolerant form, used in
Afghanistan, Iran and more recently in the
1800:
1598:
1339:
1300:
1288:
1017:
1009:
947:
624:
328:
197:
181:
864:
1890:
1603:
1327:
1278:
1270:
999:
989:
939:
882:
783:
747:
322:
313:
1580:
1567:
1251:"Classification of the Mediterranean lowland to submontane pine forest vegetation"
1184:
803:
1500:
501:
1918:
1823:
1247:
1072:
994:
977:
683:
584:
462:
256:
106:
806:, extensively planted in parks and gardens in hot dry areas (such as southern
1907:
1764:
1655:
1541:
1292:
1013:
951:
873:
372:
66:
61:
1483:
943:
1867:
1021:
675:
1712:
1550:
1283:
765:
754:
1678:
1004:
959:
927:
1691:
1474:
1274:
815:
807:
731:
628:
612:
119:
1717:
1505:- distribution map, genetic conservation units and related resources.
490:
pollen. In the past it has been considered a variety or subspecies of
1637:
758:
727:
265:
1512:
1331:
320:
bears many similarities with other, closely related species such as
1862:
1535:
777:
658:
535:
309:
159:
32:
1730:
1642:
1382:
553:
534:: Found in smaller stands along the eastern Black Sea coast, near
308:. The name "Calabrian pine" comes from an introduced grove in the
1611:
823:
596:
149:
139:
129:
1629:
975:
791:. It is also known for being well suited to recreational sites.
1161:"Texas A&M Forest Service - Trees of Texas - List of Trees"
819:
702:
632:
620:
604:
1456:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fedr.200811188/full
1449:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fedr.200811188/full
1400:
EUFORGEN Technical
Guidelines for Genetic Conservation and Use
827:
714:
616:
93:
856:
811:
730:
which make it into a richly flavoured and valuable honey, "
293:
169:
1352:
332:. Turkish pine forms a species complex with the former.
1383:
Fady, B.; Semerci, H. & Vendramin, G.G. (2003).
1355:"Stand up for the real Anzac Lone Pine Of Gallipoli"
768:. Some memorials utilise other species altogether.
667:is resistant to the Israeli pine bast scale insect
486:cones have been shown to accept and hybridize with
1905:
1415:"History of Pinus Eldarica in the United States"
646:is a diagnostic species of the vegetation class
888:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42347A2974345.en
631:, northern Iraq, western Syria, Lebanon and
1507:European Forest Genetic Resources Programme
787:(Aleppo pine) because of its resistance to
591:
862:
264:
55:
31:
1282:
1003:
993:
886:
1412:
1406:
1353:Wilcox, Mike; Spencer David (May 2007).
1313:
1113:"Pinus brutia - Trees and Shrubs Online"
693:
595:
500:
1228:United States Department of Agriculture
1219:Germplasm Resources Information Network
925:
1906:
1346:
713:Turkish pine is host to a sap-sucking
413:Mature bark showing red-brown fissures
1517:
1516:
1460:Frankis, M. P. (1999). Pinus brutia.
1793:168562a5-2446-4ab2-8bda-55f0d38b299f
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1033:
1031:
971:
969:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
738:), with reputed medicinal benefits.
1914:IUCN Red List least concern species
874:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
750:", a prominent landmark tree at an
357: ft), exceptionally 2 m (
13:
1440:
14:
1990:
1468:
1090:
1056:
1028:
966:
902:
401:assists these trees in dispersal.
1979:Flora of the Mediterranean Basin
1855:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:677009-1
1413:Widmoyer, Fred B. (1984-05-11).
1314:Loizides, Michael (2021-07-23).
454:
442:
430:
418:
406:
80:
1376:
1362:New Zealand Journal of Forestry
1307:
1241:
1202:
40:Turkish pine foliage and cones
1949:Trees of Mediterranean climate
1177:
1153:
1129:
794:
335:
1:
1424:. New Mexico State University
1224:Agricultural Research Service
928:"367. PINUS BRUTIA: Pinaceae"
849:
1117:www.treesandshrubsonline.org
470:
7:
1974:Natural history of Anatolia
1492:Conifers Around the World:
1475:Photos of trees in Turkey (
1462:Curtis's Botanical Magazine
1385:"Aleppo and Brutia pines -
932:Curtis's Botanical Magazine
771:
741:
578:
10:
1995:
1939:Flora of Georgia (country)
1255:Applied Vegetation Science
995:10.1007/s11103-021-01155-7
836:Southwestern United States
638:
1525:
926:Frankis, Michael (1999).
272:
263:
246:
239:
77:Scientific classification
75:
53:
44:
39:
30:
23:
822:, as well as throughout
708:
673:and is a major host for
592:Distribution and habitat
284:, commonly known as the
1959:Garden plants of Europe
1077:The Gymnosperm Database
982:Plant Molecular Biology
944:10.1111/1467-8748.00216
689:
538:. Very similar to var.
298:East Mediterranean pine
1964:Drought-tolerant trees
1484:Gymnosperm Database -
1043:The World Flora Online
705:
701:on the mountains near
608:
513:
512:specimen in Las Vegas.
478:is closely related to
1954:Garden plants of Asia
1924:Trees of Western Asia
697:
599:
504:
461:An old specimen from
371: ft). The young
316:"brutia" comes from.
1189:Red Book of Bulgaria
1165:texastreeid.tamu.edu
881:: e.T42347A2974345.
719:Marchalina hellenica
437:Male (pollen) cones
1929:Flora of Azerbaijan
1267:2021AppVS..24E2544B
863:Farjon, A. (2013).
789:Matsucoccus josephi
726:", is collected by
670:Matsucoccus josephi
425:Mature female cones
47:Conservation status
1275:10.1111/avsc.12544
1039:"Pinus brutia Ten"
838:. In this region,
706:
648:Pinetea halepensis
609:
514:
292:, is a species of
16:Species of conifer
1934:Flora of Bulgaria
1901:
1900:
1801:Open Tree of Life
1519:Taxon identifiers
1141:www.depts.ttu.edu
655:Krüper's nuthatch
583:Italian botanist
399:Krüper's nuthatch
391:Pinus canariensis
329:Pinus canariensis
277:
276:
70:
1986:
1969:Ornamental trees
1894:
1893:
1881:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1858:
1857:
1845:
1844:
1832:
1831:
1819:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1796:
1795:
1786:
1785:
1773:
1772:
1760:
1759:
1747:
1746:
1734:
1733:
1721:
1720:
1708:
1707:
1695:
1694:
1682:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1659:
1658:
1646:
1645:
1633:
1632:
1620:
1619:
1607:
1606:
1594:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1571:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1514:
1513:
1496:– Calabrian pine
1477:scroll down page
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1419:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1387:Pinus halepensis
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1359:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1286:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1109:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1069:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1007:
997:
973:
964:
963:
923:
900:
899:
897:
895:
890:
860:
784:Pinus halepensis
603:on the coast of
480:Pinus halepensis
458:
446:
434:
422:
410:
388:
387:
383:
380:
370:
369:
365:
362:
356:
355:
351:
348:
323:Pinus halepensis
314:specific epithet
268:
252:
202:
85:
84:
64:
59:
58:
35:
21:
20:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1944:Flora of Greece
1904:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1889:
1884:
1876:
1874:
1866:
1861:
1853:
1848:
1840:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1799:
1791:
1789:
1781:
1776:
1768:
1763:
1755:
1750:
1742:
1737:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1703:
1698:
1690:
1685:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1662:
1654:
1649:
1641:
1636:
1628:
1623:
1615:
1610:
1602:
1597:
1589:
1587:
1579:
1574:
1566:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1521:
1471:
1443:
1441:Further reading
1438:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1395:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1357:
1351:
1347:
1332:10.5248/136.543
1312:
1308:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1145:
1143:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1121:
1119:
1111:
1110:
1091:
1081:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1029:
974:
967:
924:
903:
893:
891:
861:
857:
852:
804:ornamental tree
797:
774:
755:First World War
744:
711:
692:
684:ectomycorrhizal
641:
594:
581:
473:
466:
459:
450:
447:
438:
435:
426:
423:
414:
411:
385:
381:
378:
376:
367:
363:
360:
358:
353:
349:
346:
344:
338:
259:
254:
248:
235:
200:
79:
71:
60:
56:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1992:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1891:wfo-0000482336
1882:
1872:
1859:
1846:
1833:
1820:
1810:
1797:
1787:
1774:
1761:
1748:
1735:
1722:
1709:
1696:
1683:
1673:
1660:
1647:
1634:
1621:
1608:
1595:
1585:
1572:
1562:
1547:
1531:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1511:
1510:
1498:
1489:
1481:
1470:
1469:External links
1467:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1405:
1375:
1345:
1306:
1240:
1201:
1185:"Pinus brutia"
1176:
1152:
1128:
1089:
1073:"Pinus brutia"
1055:
1027:
988:(4): 367–380.
965:
938:(3): 173–184.
901:
854:
853:
851:
848:
840:P. brutia
796:
793:
773:
770:
743:
740:
710:
707:
691:
688:
679:caterpillars.
665:P. brutia
640:
637:
593:
590:
585:Michele Tenore
580:
577:
576:
575:
561:
558:P. canariensis
543:
525:
472:
469:
468:
467:
463:Adana Province
460:
453:
451:
448:
441:
439:
436:
429:
427:
424:
417:
415:
412:
405:
337:
334:
290:Calabrian pine
275:
274:
270:
269:
261:
260:
255:
244:
243:
237:
236:
232:P. brutia
229:
227:
223:
222:
211:
207:
206:
195:
191:
190:
179:
175:
174:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
110:
109:
104:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
73:
72:
54:
51:
50:
45:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1991:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1401:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1379:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1284:10400.5/21923
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1205:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
972:
970:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
889:
884:
880:
876:
875:
870:
868:
859:
855:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
802:is a popular
801:
792:
790:
786:
785:
779:
769:
767:
762:
760:
756:
753:
749:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
720:
716:
704:
700:
696:
687:
685:
680:
678:
677:
672:
671:
666:
662:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
606:
602:
598:
589:
586:
573:
569:
565:
562:
559:
555:
551:
547:
544:
541:
537:
533:
529:
526:
523:
519:
516:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
497:
496:P. halepensis
493:
492:P. halepensis
489:
488:P. halepensis
485:
482:, and female
481:
477:
464:
457:
452:
445:
440:
433:
428:
421:
416:
409:
404:
403:
402:
400:
394:
392:
374:
342:
333:
331:
330:
325:
324:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:
273:Distribution
271:
267:
262:
258:
253:
251:
245:
242:
241:Binomial name
238:
234:
233:
228:
225:
224:
221:
220:
216:
212:
209:
208:
205:
204:
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
184:
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:Tracheophytes
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
83:
78:
74:
68:
63:
62:Least Concern
52:
48:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1816:pinus-brutia
1669:Pinus brutia
1557:Pinus brutia
1527:Pinus brutia
1526:
1502:Pinus brutia
1501:
1494:Pinus brutia
1493:
1486:Pinus brutia
1485:
1476:
1464:16: 173–184.
1461:
1426:. Retrieved
1421:
1408:
1399:
1391:Pinus brutia
1390:
1386:
1378:
1366:. Retrieved
1361:
1348:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1258:
1254:
1243:
1231:. Retrieved
1217:
1212:Pinus brutia
1211:
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:
1179:
1168:. Retrieved
1164:
1155:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:
1131:
1120:. Retrieved
1116:
1080:. Retrieved
1076:
1046:. Retrieved
1042:
1005:10261/288206
985:
981:
935:
931:
892:. Retrieved
878:
872:
867:Pinus brutia
866:
858:
843:
839:
831:
826:and central
800:Pinus brutia
799:
798:
788:
782:
775:
763:
745:
735:
734:" (Turkish,
717:
712:
699:Pinus brutia
698:
681:
676:Thaumetopoea
674:
668:
664:
663:
652:
647:
644:Pinus brutia
643:
642:
610:
601:Pinus brutia
600:
582:
571:
567:
564:Pinus brutia
563:
557:
550:pendulifolia
549:
546:Pinus brutia
545:
539:
531:
528:Pinus brutia
527:
521:
518:Pinus brutia
517:
509:
505:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
476:Pinus brutia
475:
474:
395:
390:
341:Pinus brutia
340:
339:
327:
321:
318:Pinus brutia
317:
305:
301:
297:
289:
286:Turkish pine
285:
281:Pinus brutia
280:
279:
278:
250:Pinus brutia
249:
247:
231:
230:
218:
214:
210:Subsection:
198:
186:
182:
170:
120:Gymnospermae
113:
100:
25:Pinus brutia
24:
18:
1829:kew-2563202
1713:iNaturalist
1551:Wikispecies
1082:11 December
1048:11 December
894:19 November
795:Cultivation
766:Aleppo pine
336:Description
306:Brutia pine
302:Afghan pine
1908:Categories
1824:Plant List
1588:Calflora:
1509:(EUFORGEN)
1326:(2): 543.
1194:10 January
1170:2023-12-11
1146:2023-12-11
1122:2023-12-11
850:References
816:New Mexico
808:California
757:battle at
732:pine honey
728:honey bees
629:Azerbaijan
613:Aegean Sea
178:Subgenus:
126:Division:
1340:238789537
1320:Mycotaxon
1301:228839165
1293:1402-2001
1014:1573-5028
952:1355-4905
759:Gallipoli
748:Lone Pine
657:, a rare
572:P. brutia
506:P. brutia
484:P. brutia
471:Varieties
226:Species:
217:subsect.
194:Section:
140:Pinopsida
130:Pinophyta
90:Kingdom:
1868:24900665
1863:Tropicos
1744:10212723
1731:677009-1
1536:Wikidata
1368:29 March
1233:14 April
1022:33934278
960:45065380
844:eldarica
832:eldarica
778:forestry
772:Forestry
742:Landmark
736:çam balı
724:honeydew
659:nuthatch
623:, Iran,
607:, Greece
579:Taxonomy
568:eldarica
536:Pitsunda
510:eldarica
465:, Turkey
310:Calabria
219:Pinaster
160:Pinaceae
156:Family:
67:IUCN 3.1
1806:1061362
1692:5285710
1630:1061743
1612:Ecocrop
1542:Q628329
1263:Bibcode
842:subsp.
824:Arizona
639:Ecology
625:Georgia
532:pityusa
449:Foliage
384:⁄
366:⁄
352:⁄
166:Genus:
150:Pinales
146:Order:
136:Class:
94:Plantae
65: (
1837:PLANTS
1790:NZOR:
1757:507507
1718:135778
1679:PINBRU
1676:FoIO:
1656:150576
1581:120995
1568:131106
1565:APDB:
1338:
1299:
1291:
1020:
1012:
958:
950:
820:Nevada
703:Aleppo
633:Cyprus
621:Crimea
605:Thasos
540:brutia
522:brutia
304:, and
185:subg.
1919:Pinus
1875:WoI:
1842:PIBR9
1813:PPE:
1783:88726
1770:42347
1739:IRMNG
1705:28422
1664:FoAO2
1651:EUNIS
1643:PIUBR
1604:77KTL
1428:5 May
1418:(PDF)
1396:(PDF)
1364:: 3–9
1358:(PDF)
1336:S2CID
1297:S2CID
1261:(1).
956:JSTOR
828:Texas
752:ANZAC
746:The "
715:aphid
709:Honey
617:Crete
566:var.
554:Muğla
548:var.
530:var.
520:var.
508:var.
215:Pinus
203:Pinus
201:sect.
187:Pinus
171:Pinus
114:Clade
101:Clade
1878:2360
1850:POWO
1778:NCBI
1765:IUCN
1752:ITIS
1726:IPNI
1700:GRIN
1687:GBIF
1638:EPPO
1617:8619
1591:9380
1576:APNI
1430:2012
1370:2012
1289:ISSN
1235:2011
1196:2018
1084:2023
1050:2023
1018:PMID
1010:ISSN
948:ISSN
896:2021
879:2013
818:and
812:Utah
690:Uses
653:The
373:bark
326:and
294:pine
288:and
257:Ten.
1886:WFO
1625:EoL
1599:CoL
1328:doi
1324:136
1279:hdl
1271:doi
1000:hdl
990:doi
986:106
940:doi
883:doi
393:.
199:P.
1910::
1888::
1865::
1852::
1839::
1826::
1803::
1780::
1767::
1754::
1741::
1728::
1715::
1702::
1689::
1666::
1653::
1640::
1627::
1614::
1601::
1578::
1553::
1538::
1420:.
1398:.
1360:.
1334:.
1322:.
1318:.
1295:.
1287:.
1277:.
1269:.
1259:24
1257:.
1253:.
1226:,
1222:.
1216:.
1187:.
1163:.
1139:.
1115:.
1092:^
1075:.
1058:^
1041:.
1030:^
1016:.
1008:.
998:.
984:.
980:.
968:^
954:.
946:.
936:16
934:.
930:.
904:^
877:.
871:.
814:,
810:,
650:.
627:,
619:,
615:,
552::
300:,
183:P.
116::
103::
1479:)
1432:.
1402:.
1393:"
1389:/
1372:.
1342:.
1330::
1303:.
1281::
1273::
1265::
1237:.
1214:"
1210:"
1198:.
1173:.
1149:.
1125:.
1086:.
1052:.
1024:.
1002::
992::
962:.
942::
898:.
885::
869:"
865:"
560:.
542:.
498:.
386:4
382:1
379:+
377:6
368:2
364:1
361:+
359:6
354:2
350:1
347:+
345:3
69:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
,_jard%C3%AD_bot%C3%A0nic_de_Val%C3%A8ncia.JPG)
