675:
659:
75:
259:
50:
31:
407:, they will persist and hold their seeds. The color of the seed cones and seed scales is red-brown in color. The foliar sheaths measure 0.4 to 0.8 with long bases. The seeds are ovule in shape, being 0.2 and 0.24 in length, and have an angled tip colored a pale brown. For seeds to be used for regeneration, seed trees that are 23 to 25 cm (9 - 10 inches) in DBH and 30 years old are expected to produce 5,000 seeds.
370:(loblolly pine), but the key differences are they have direct needle growth from the trunk, are smaller in size, and tend not to grow straight. The bark of the pond pine forms rough plates. They are a brownish-red color. The pond pines are not as cold hardy as the loblolly and pitch pines. It takes 18 years for the pond pine to reach full maturity. The almost round cones are 5–8 cm (2–
603:, three species of the Ips engraver beetles, and the black turpentine beetle. These beetle species grind through conducting tissues of their hosts. Phloem damage leads pine needles fading from green, to light green, and death of the tree. These trees also face the eastern pine weevil and are susceptible to wind damage.
551:
Without the heat from a fire the seed fall is limited by the serotinous cones of pond pine. Pond pine seedling growth is often limited by the moisture in the soil, lack of nutrients, and competition. Under poor growing conditions pond pine seedlings grow can as little as 30 cm (12 inches) or less per year.
550:
needs fire in the form of intense scorching or defoliation. The buds are dormant and protected by the tree's thick bark. When parts of the tree are top killed by fire, epicortical buds can resume growth. 15 to 20 seed trees are needed per hectare (6 to 8 acres) for the sufficient seed set after fire.
335:
often has a crooked growth pattern and an irregular top and grows up to 21 metres (69 ft) high, rarely to 29 metres (95 ft). The needles are in bundles of three or four, and 15–20 cm (6–8 in) long.
542:
stands provide habitat and support for many wildlife species, particularly for birds and mammals in wetlands and flatland environments. The pond pine is intolerant of shade. In order for reproduction to occur,
433:
is derived from the persistently serotinous cones that may remain closed for several years before they release their seeds. Historically this species has been viewed as a subspecies of
674:
510:); it is distinguished from that species by longer needles and on average slightly larger cones. Some botanists treat pond pine as a subspecies of pitch pine.
517:
habitat include mild and humid climates. The average temperature ranges from 45 degrees F to 80 degrees F. The more extreme temperature ranges recorded for
1895:
1717:
1769:
658:
1885:
491:
is commonly found in wet and poorly drained sites, but it will grow very well in mineral soils. Pond pines are very useful in preventing
502:, thrive in flatwoods, flatwoods bogs, savannas, and barrens. At the north end of its range, pond pine intergrades and hybridizes with
1818:
1665:
749:"Pinus serotina (Bay Pine, Black Bark Pine, Marsh Pine, Pocosin Pine, Pond Pine) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox"
641:, allows for trees to regenerate by coppicing. Thus disturbances (e.g. fire) are required for this species to persist and recruit.
1264:
1730:
1678:
901:
1143:
1735:
1900:
74:
1774:
1704:
883:
476:
is primarily found in wet and poorly drained sites, most commonly in or near swamps, ponds, bays, marshes, and
1836:
1353:
1657:
1644:
1287:
1239:
1110:
990:
897:
875:
842:
570:
and saw timber where other trees will not grow. Tan or green dyes can be obtained from the needles of the
860:
1683:
1184:
1831:
577:. A vanillin flavoring is obtained from the byproducts of the pulpwood's resins. It is suggested that
1784:
856:
584:
might be a valuable remedy to treat the kidney, and can be administered as a rub or in a steam bath.
1631:
1561:
599:
Several species of bark beetles attack southern pines including pond pine, the beetles include the
206:
1761:
1502:
1443:
1159:
723:
566:
has poor form and relatively slow growth, it can produce economically valuable tree stands of for
1652:
1823:
1202:"A Study of Sympatric Populations of Pinus taeda L. and Pinus serotina Michx. in North Carolina"
1722:
1639:
1523:
600:
300:
233:
190:
1797:
942:
1748:
1603:
680:
Unlike loblolly pines, pond pines have the ability to grow needles directly from the trunk.
1435:
Pinus serotina: Farjon, A.: The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species 2013: e.T42414A2978464
8:
39:
1810:
1572:
799:
484:, due to similar requirements for frequent fire and pond pines needs fire to germinate.
392:
cones are cylinder-shaped with a yellow, brownish color, and are up to 1.8 inches long.
1857:
1332:
1221:
69:
1313:"The Effect of Drainage on the Establishment and Growth of Pond Pine (Pinus Serotina)"
1039:"Pinus - definition of Pinus - synonyms, pronunciation, spelling from Free Dictionary"
966:
634:
is habitat loss of wet flatlands, peat-rich soils, sandy wet flatlands, and pocosins.
591:
may be useful in treating diseases of the mucous membrane and respiratory complaints.
1792:
1590:
1213:
1139:
855:. Vol. 2. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
748:
174:
1479:
850:
700:
1862:
1595:
1497:
1438:
1409:
1324:
893:
718:
521:
serotina are -10 degrees F and 110 degrees F. The average annual precipitation for
1401:
1015:"Alphabetical species list of plants discovered by André Michaux in the Carolinas"
422:
249:
1413:
1377:
1062:
1465:
915:
772:
1890:
1805:
1546:
827:. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company (published 1962). p. 50.
611:
99:
1582:
345:
will grow needles and little branches directly from the trunk, similar to the
1879:
1743:
1488:
1434:
1217:
1038:
709:
665:
649:
59:
54:
1014:
1849:
393:
346:
258:
1756:
1691:
1555:
397:
362:
316:
1225:
1201:
384: in) long with small prickles on the scales. Its cones are usually
1670:
1336:
503:
385:
304:
112:
1696:
1312:
30:
1616:
354:(pitch pine), but the pitch pines will only grow in drier areas. The
320:
1517:
1328:
1086:
1844:
1540:
567:
152:
1709:
1621:
1136:
National
Wildlife Federation field guide to trees of North America
1063:"Pinus serotina (pond pine) description - The Gymnosperm Database"
492:
477:
312:
308:
142:
132:
122:
1608:
1087:"Pinus rigida subsp. serotina | International Plant Names Index"
315:. Pond pine distribution may be starting to spread west towards
389:
429:
is a large genus of evergreen conifer trees. The species name
338:
86:
692:
332:
296:
293:
162:
1437:(Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature.
400:. In some cases, they will drop their seeds, but in most
1240:"Pinus serotina in Flora of North America @ efloras.org"
480:. This species is often associated with long leaf pine,
849:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1134:
Kershner, Bruce; Mathews, Daniel; Nelson, Gil (2008).
1378:"Pine Bark Beetles | NC State Extension Publications"
1133:
882:. In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).
1464:Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of North Carolina:
652:as a species of least concern (LC) for extinction.
1311:Graham, Ben F.; Rebuck, Allen L. (January 1958).
1269:. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
1206:Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society
1189:. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
1877:
1458:
1503:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42414A2978464.en
1444:10.2305/iucn.uk.2013-1.rlts.t42414a2978464.en
1354:"medicinal herbs: POND PINE - Pinus serotina"
904:(USDA) – via Southern Research Station.
724:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42414A2978464.en
664:Pond pine cones are smaller and rounder than
1310:
852:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
594:
299:found along the Southeastern portion of the
943:"Pond Pine: Plant Care & Growing Guide"
1477:
1199:
1138:. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.
698:
257:
48:
29:
1501:
1442:
722:
447:has also been considered a subspecies of
1896:Least concern flora of the United States
873:
1200:Saylor, LeRoy C.; Kang, Ke Won (1973).
902:United States Department of Agriculture
622:
1878:
1348:
1346:
1282:
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1785:85ce0d1c-9afb-4b11-aab0-97ab06a987de
1432:
840:
303:of the United States, from southern
1886:IUCN Red List least concern species
1489:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1343:
1273:
710:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1266:Silvics of North America: Conifers
1186:Silvics of North America: Conifers
983:
932:
908:
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789:
738:
14:
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765:
1837:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:263315-1
673:
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1079:
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1007:
959:
396:need two years to mature after
823:Grimm, William Carey (1966) .
816:
619:), a fungal disease of pines.
610:also faces red heart disease (
388:, requiring fire to open. The
361:is very similar to the common
326:
1:
1358:www.naturalmedicinalherbs.net
685:
528:is between 44 and 55 inches.
495:and improving water quality.
1414:10.1079/cabicompendium.41713
1402:"Pinus serotina (pond pine)"
916:"Pond Pine (Pinus serotina)"
898:United States Forest Service
773:"Pond Pine (Pinus serotina)"
7:
874:Bramlett, David L. (1990).
861:Harvard University Herbaria
410:
10:
1917:
1467:Pond Pine (Pinus serotina)
1263:Burns, Russell M. (1990).
1183:Burns, Russell M. (1990).
627:The primary threat to the
531:
465:
283:black bark pine, bay pine,
1901:Trees of Northern America
1530:
857:Missouri Botanical Garden
595:Diseases and other issues
421:was described in 1803 by
265:
256:
239:
232:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
890:Silvics of North America
554:
1288:"Pinus serotina Michx"
1111:"Pinus serotina Michx"
1043:www.freedictionary.org
991:"Pinus serotina Michx"
859:, St. Louis, MO &
800:"USDA Plants Database"
777:www.carolinanature.com
301:Atlantic coastal plain
841:Kral, Robert (1993).
311:and west to southern
1496:: e.T42414A2978464.
1382:content.ces.ncsu.edu
717:: e.T42414A2978464.
623:Conservation statues
601:Southern pine beetle
1478:Farjon, A. (2013).
1433:IUCN (2011-04-11).
1292:www.srs.fs.usda.gov
1115:www.srs.fs.usda.gov
753:plants.ces.ncsu.edu
699:Farjon, A. (2013).
648:, is listed by the
40:Conservation status
971:conifersociety.org
920:carolinanature.com
16:Species of conifer
1873:
1872:
1793:Open Tree of Life
1524:Taxon identifiers
1145:978-1-4027-3875-3
825:The Book of Trees
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1229:
1212:(1/2): 101–110.
1197:
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1190:
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1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1160:"Pinus serotina"
1156:
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1067:www.conifers.org
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967:"Pinus serotina"
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894:Washington, D.C.
871:
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863:, Cambridge, MA.
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225:P. serotina
78:
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1406:CABI Compendium
1400:
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1246:
1244:www.efloras.org
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1021:
1019:www.michaux.org
1013:
1012:
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997:
995:srs.fs.usda.gov
989:
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984:
975:
973:
965:
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933:
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922:
914:
913:
909:
892:. Vol. 1.
872:
868:
839:
832:
821:
817:
808:
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804:plants.usda.gov
798:
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781:
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482:Pinus palustris
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1863:wfo-0000481497
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1562:Pinus serotina
1552:
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1532:Pinus serotina
1528:
1527:
1516:
1515:
1482:Pinus serotina
1472:
1471:
1457:
1425:
1408:. 2022-01-07.
1393:
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878:Pinus serotina
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845:Pinus serotina
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703:Pinus serotina
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274:Pinus serotina
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266:Natural range
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666:loblolly pine
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650:IUCN Red List
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113:Gymnospermae
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1811:kew-2562132
1757:NatureServe
1692:iNaturalist
1556:Wikispecies
1509:12 November
1450:12 November
730:12 November
398:pollination
327:Description
317:Mississippi
286:marsh pine,
1880:Categories
1806:Plant List
1419:2023-11-13
1387:2023-11-12
1363:2023-11-12
1297:2023-11-12
1249:2023-11-12
1169:2020-10-07
1120:2023-10-18
1096:2023-11-29
1072:2023-11-12
1048:2023-11-12
1024:2023-11-13
1000:2023-11-12
976:2023-10-18
952:2023-11-13
947:The Spruce
925:2023-11-12
809:2023-11-12
782:2023-11-12
758:2023-11-12
686:References
504:pitch pine
394:Seed cones
386:serotinous
305:New Jersey
171:Subgenus:
119:Division:
24:Pond pine
1658:210001651
1645:210001651
1323:(1): 33.
1218:0013-6220
613:Phellinus
508:P. rigida
462:(1880)).
321:Tennessee
307:south to
279:pond pine
219:Species:
212:Australes
210:subsect.
196:Trifoliae
187:Section:
133:Pinopsida
123:Pinophyta
83:Kingdom:
1850:24900216
1845:Tropicos
1762:2.147377
1723:10195426
1710:263315-1
1547:Q2703233
1541:Wikidata
1226:24333426
900:(USFS),
885:Conifers
646:serotina
639:serotina
632:serotina
608:serotina
589:serotina
582:serotina
575:serotina
568:pulpwood
564:serotina
548:serotina
540:serotina
526:serotina
515:serotina
500:serotina
489:serotina
478:pocosins
474:serotina
460:serotina
445:serotina
431:serotina
419:serotina
411:Taxonomy
405:serotina
359:serotina
343:serotina
153:Pinaceae
149:Family:
60:IUCN 3.1
1671:5285602
1609:1033635
1337:1929964
1317:Ecology
532:Ecology
493:erosion
466:Habitat
458:subsp.
379:⁄
313:Alabama
309:Florida
159:Genus:
143:Pinales
139:Order:
129:Class:
87:Plantae
58: (
1819:PLANTS
1798:592145
1782:NZOR:
1775:188934
1736:183378
1697:135664
1684:316785
1632:pinser
1629:FEIS:
1570:AoFP:
1335:
1224:
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1142:
668:cones.
452:rigida
390:pollen
351:rigida
277:, the
250:Michx.
194:sect.
178:subg.
1891:Pinus
1749:42414
1718:IRMNG
1622:PIUSE
1596:6VKSL
1580:APA:
1333:JSTOR
1222:JSTOR
643:Pinus
636:Pinus
629:Pinus
605:Pinus
586:Pinus
579:Pinus
572:Pinus
561:Pinus
545:Pinus
537:Pinus
523:Pinus
519:Pinus
512:Pinus
497:Pinus
486:Pinus
471:Pinus
449:Pinus
442:Pinus
438:taeda
435:Pinus
427:Pinus
416:Pinus
402:Pinus
367:taeda
364:Pinus
356:Pinus
348:Pinus
339:Pinus
331:This
292:is a
180:Pinus
164:Pinus
107:Clade
94:Clade
1832:POWO
1824:PISE
1770:NCBI
1744:IUCN
1731:ITIS
1705:IPNI
1679:GRIN
1666:GBIF
1617:EPPO
1573:3921
1511:2021
1494:2013
1452:2021
1214:ISSN
1140:ISBN
732:2021
715:2013
616:pini
555:Uses
333:pine
319:and
297:tree
294:pine
1858:WFO
1653:FoC
1640:FNA
1604:EoL
1591:CoL
1583:214
1498:doi
1439:doi
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288:or
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