322:; both teams claimed the second-half title, and Greenlee as league president awarded it to his Crawfords. The matter of the overall pennant was apparently never decided. The next season, as Gibson led the league with 16 home runs and Paige won 20 games, the Crawfords were near the top of the overall standings, but won neither half. Records of all games against league opponents, not just those considered official league games, show the Crawfords with far and away the best record for 1934.
307:
1028:
224:(no relation), who managed teams that emerged from local Hill schools. Bill Harris played with a team, which he later managed, from McKelvey High School, while Teenie's team formed from the Watt School. Twice the teams faced off resulting in a marginal win for Teenie's team in both games, prompting the two managers to join forces and create a predominantly black team.
354:'s team. The Crawfords plunged to fifth place out of six teams with a 12–16 record. They partly recovered the next season, finishing third with a 24–16 record, but, with the exception of the 41-year-old Charleston, whose playing career was nearly over, the heart of the old Crawfords' team—Paige, Gibson, Bell—had all moved on to other teams.
362:
The Craws might have survived these losses, but their attendance flatlined after the white members of the team's board forced
Greenlee to shut out blacks from jobs at Greenlee Field (ushers, ticket-takers, etc.). Greenlee sold the club, Greenlee Field was demolished and the Crawfords moved to Toledo
212:
As
Richard L. Gilmore recounts in a 1996 article on the history of the team, the Crawfords began as an interracial team of local Hill District youth who played ball together in neighborhood sandlots. Resident families included black migrants from the South and European immigrants, all of whom were
334:, who won 18 games without a defeat. After a mediocre first half (16–15) in 1936, the Crawfords rallied to win the NNL's second half with a 20–9 record. Paige had returned, and contributed an 11–3 record. The playoff with the first-half winners, the
329:
in a close seven-game series for their only undisputed NNL pennant. In retrospect, many historians consider this edition of the
Crawfords to be the greatest Negro league team of all time, featuring the four Hall of Famers, plus left-handed pitcher
1061:
514:
On July 13, 2018, during the
Milwaukee Brewers game at the Pittsburgh Pirates, the Brewers wore the Negro league uniforms of the Milwaukee Bears while the Pirates wore their respective Pittsburgh Crawford uniforms.
510:
On July 18, 2015, during the
Pittsburgh Pirates game at the Milwaukee Brewers, the Pirates wore Pittsburgh Crawford uniforms while the Brewers wore the respective Negro league uniforms of the Milwaukee Bears.
1672:
1508:
477:
On July 5, 2008, during the
Pittsburgh Pirates game against the Milwaukee Brewers, the Pirates wore Pittsburgh Crawford uniforms while the Brewers wore the respective Negro league uniforms of the
503:
On August 21, 2010, during the
Pittsburgh Pirates game against the New York Mets, the Pirates wore Pittsburgh Crawford uniforms while the Mets wore the respective Negro league uniforms of the
325:
In 1935, Paige skipped most of the NNL season to play for a semipro team in North Dakota. Despite his absence, the
Crawfords took the first-half title with a 26–6 record, then defeated the
1223:
338:, apparently only lasted one game (the Elite Giants winning, 2–0) before it was called off for unknown reasons. Greenlee awarded the pennant to the Crawfords, over Washington's protests.
216:
As the Hill
District teams became more competitive and professionalized, lines of color were drawn. The teams became formalized initially through the efforts of Bill Harris (originally of
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2160:
1370:
178:. The team, previously known as the Crawford Colored Giants, was named after the Crawford Bath House, a recreation center in the Crawford neighborhood of
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286:, named after the owner and builder; this was one of the few parks to be built and owned by a Negro League team. Paige and Gibson often unwound at the
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2235:
1406:
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2705:
1524:
1054:
701:
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1962:
2710:
1453:
522:, the Brewers wore the Negro league uniforms of the Milwaukee Bears while the Pirates wore their respective Pittsburgh Crawford uniforms.
2700:
2040:
1956:
1820:
525:
On
September 9, 2022, during the St. Louis Cardinals game at the Pittsburgh Pirates, the Cardinals wore the Negro league uniforms of the
279:. Playing as an independent club, the Crawfords immediately established themselves as perhaps the best black team in the United States.
2715:
603:
Gilmore Jr., Richard L. (1996). "A Historical Look at the Pittsburgh Crawfords and the Impact of Black Baseball on American Society".
1999:
1938:
1581:
1576:
847:
227:
Greenlee bought the team in 1931. It was a time of an organizational vacuum, as the major African-American leagues of the 1920s, the
1759:
1657:
552:: "In 1929, the Crawford Colored Giants, a semi-pro team in Pittsburgh, convinced him to leave the Gimbels and join their squad."
1932:
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1529:
553:
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1476:
197:
as a ball park for his team. During the mid-1930s, the Crawfords were one of the strongest Negro league teams ever assembled.
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2392:
1729:
1724:
1688:
1636:
1631:
1611:
1077:
832:
651:
115:
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2528:
1950:
1571:
930:
780:
775:
673:
Ruck, Rob (September 29, 2014). "Kings on the Hill: Rise of the Pittsburgh Crawfords". Carnegie Museum of Art: Storyboard.
400:
206:
371:, for the 1939 season. For the 1940 season, the team split their home games between Toledo and Indianapolis, becoming the
2402:
2377:
1944:
1880:
315:
190:
189:, an African-American businessman in Pittsburgh, bought the Crawfords. In 1933 he founded what is known as the second
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634:
228:
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1446:
975:
970:
960:
674:
569:
295:
496:, the Pirates wore Pittsburgh Crawford uniforms while the Tigers wore the respective Negro league uniforms of the
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2190:
2170:
1875:
1813:
1333:
1141:
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2265:
1787:
1216:
318:, acting as president; his Crawfords were charter members. The club narrowly lost the first-half title to the
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1400:
1358:
1171:
687:
221:
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2600:
1984:
1906:
1764:
1439:
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1806:
1734:
1698:
526:
179:
239:. By late that year, Greenlee signed many of the top African-American stars to his team, most notably
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2508:
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2321:
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1989:
1927:
1183:
20:
2640:
2590:
2513:
2503:
2493:
2336:
2089:
740:
652:"Kings of the Hill: The Story of the Pittsburgh Crawfords – Society for American Baseball Research"
175:
42:
2229:
2185:
2109:
2104:
1267:
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1109:
335:
319:
260:
217:
2559:
2463:
2200:
2180:
2165:
2073:
1901:
1860:
1616:
1352:
1327:
1291:
1255:
1153:
1103:
867:
422:
232:
2099:
1850:
1739:
1641:
1621:
1462:
1309:
1239:
837:
756:
467:
364:
171:
121:
623:
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2523:
2518:
2372:
2255:
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2119:
2114:
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2019:
1840:
1829:
1708:
1693:
1626:
1315:
1285:
388:
1419:
Years in parentheses are years as a full member in the Negro American League. Years as an
1196:
Years in parentheses are years as a full member in the Negro National League. Years as an
346:
In 1937, Paige led several Crawfords players, including Gibson, Bell, and Bankhead to the
8:
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2549:
2417:
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2331:
2240:
2035:
1979:
1865:
1769:
1297:
1125:
1121:
1097:
1673:
National Association of Colored Baseball Clubs of the United States and Cuba (1907–1909)
2554:
2478:
2458:
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2326:
2306:
2301:
2205:
2175:
2014:
1896:
1703:
1534:
1279:
489:
463:
347:
264:
545:
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2569:
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1273:
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630:
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1046:
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2009:
2004:
1855:
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862:
485:
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417:
244:
236:
62:
52:
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1550:
1394:
1321:
1159:
1147:
557:
504:
478:
351:
326:
675:
http://blog.cmoa.org/2014/09/kings-on-the-hill-rise-of-the-pittsburgh-crawfords/
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1994:
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493:
459:
412:
287:
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256:
194:
138:
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1870:
1364:
1165:
887:
518:
On June 1, 2019, during the Milwaukee Brewers game at the Pittsburgh Pirates
497:
442:
384:
331:
290:, one of black Pittsburgh's favorite night spots, where the likes of singers
276:
240:
306:
2625:
2605:
2427:
877:
816:
808:
748:
432:
272:
252:
186:
150:
144:
872:
549:
427:
248:
1431:
2195:
1798:
1668:
International League of Independent Professional Base Ball Clubs (1906)
892:
882:
679:
447:
437:
291:
529:
while the Pirates wore their respective Pittsburgh Crawford uniforms.
268:
2155:
519:
383:
In 1945, Greenlee formed a new, unrelated, Pittsburgh Crawfords in
1010:· 1941 · 1942 · 1943 · 1944 · 1945 · 1946 · 1947 · 1948 · 1949
500:. They wore their respective uniforms again on May 19, 2012.
391:. The league and the new Crawfords lasted two seasons.
243:. The next year, in 1932, Greenlee hired Hall of Famer
1238:
1076:
570:"Kings on the Hill: Rise of the Pittsburgh Crawfords"
466:
honored the Negro leagues by wearing uniforms of the
474:game. The Pirates won the game, 4–3 in 13 innings.
1334:Indianapolis ABCs (II)/New Orleans–St. Louis Stars
622:
2667:
19:"Crawfords" redirects here. For other uses, see
1658:Southern League of Colored Base Ballists (1886)
1525:List of Negro league baseball postseason games
1359:Detroit Stars/Clowns/Detroit–New Orleans Stars
1814:
1447:
1256:Atlanta Black Crackers/Indianapolis ABCs (IV)
1224:
1062:
695:
546:Major League Baseball Hall of Fame, biography
247:as playing manager, and added Hall of Famers
2696:Defunct sports clubs and teams in Pittsburgh
1730:West Coast Negro Baseball Association (1946)
616:
614:
602:
259:, along with other notable players such as
205:For a list of annual win-loss records, see
1821:
1807:
1454:
1440:
1231:
1217:
1069:
1055:
702:
688:
235:, had fallen apart under pressures of the
213:attracted to industrial jobs in the city.
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611:
598:
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590:
1828:
1663:National Colored Base Ball League (1887)
1280:Cincinnati/Cleveland/Louisville Buckeyes
1136:Indianapolis ABCs(II)/Detroit Stars (II)
709:
484:On June 12, 2010, in Detroit, during an
453:
305:
629:. New York City: Walker & Company.
470:and the Crawfords, respectively, in an
16:Professional Negro league baseball team
2691:Defunct baseball teams in Pennsylvania
2676:African-American history in Pittsburgh
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1735:Negro American Association (1948–1949)
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2706:Baseball teams disestablished in 1940
1802:
1435:
1310:Jacksonville Red Caps/Cleveland Bears
1212:
1050:
928:
683:
620:
458:On June 28, 2008, in Pittsburgh, the
401:Pittsburgh Crawfords all-time roster
341:
207:List of Pittsburgh Crawfords seasons
98:Toledo–Indianapolis Crawfords (1940)
2711:1931 establishments in Pennsylvania
399:For a more comprehensive list, see
13:
2701:Baseball teams established in 1931
14:
2727:
2716:1940 disestablishments in Indiana
1740:Negro American League (1951–1960)
1725:Negro Southern League (1945–1951)
1699:Negro American Association (1939)
1689:Negro Southern League (1920–1936)
1240:Negro American League (1937–1962)
1078:Negro National League (1933–1948)
406:
1709:United States League (1945–1946)
1694:Texas Colored League (1919–1931)
1509:Negro leaguers who played in MLB
1027:
1026:
929:
649:
378:
314:In 1933, Greenlee founded a new
282:The Crawfords played in the new
92:Pittsburgh Crawfords (1931–1938)
576:from the original on 2017-07-11
375:, before folding after season.
1298:Cincinnati/Indianapolis Clowns
643:
562:
539:
301:
1:
1304:Toledo/Indianapolis Crawfords
532:
373:Toledo–Indianapolis Crawfords
2686:Baseball teams in Pittsburgh
1148:(Washington) Homestead Grays
7:
2681:Negro league baseball teams
10:
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2438:Early Pro Football Circuit
1637:Negro National League (II)
1544:International competitions
1504:First black players in MLB
1383:New Orleans Crescent Stars
1377:Mobile Havana Cuban Giants
1365:Houston/New Orleans Eagles
1142:Harrisburg–St. Louis Stars
833:Negro National League (II)
677:(retrieved June 9, 2017).
668:
398:
394:
204:
200:
180:Pittsburgh's Hill District
116:Negro National League (II)
18:
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2138:
2082:
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1972:
1920:
1889:
1836:
1783:
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1704:Negro Major League (1942)
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1612:Negro National League (I)
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1564:
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768:
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350:to play for the dictator
296:Bill "Bojangles" Robinson
166:, popularly known as the
131:
105:
85:
68:
58:
48:
38:
33:
28:
1530:List of league champions
742:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
605:The Sloping Halls Review
176:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
43:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
2230:Chronicle-Telegraph Cup
2186:Petersen Sports Complex
1765:East–West All-Star Game
1268:Chicago American Giants
1262:Birmingham Black Barons
621:Lowry, Phillip (2005).
336:Washington Elite Giants
320:Chicago American Giants
112:Independent (1931–1932)
95:Toledo Crawfords (1939)
2201:UPMC Cooper Fieldhouse
2181:Petersen Events Center
2166:Fitzgerald Field House
1617:Eastern Colored League
1572:List of teams by state
1353:Baltimore Elite Giants
1292:Indianapolis Athletics
1264:(1937–1938, 1940–1962)
1162:(1935–1936, 1939–1948)
1154:New York Black Yankees
1110:Cole's American Giants
1104:Baltimore Elite Giants
735:Indianapolis Crawfords
311:
233:Eastern Colored League
170:, were a professional
1642:Negro American League
1622:American Negro League
1463:Negro league baseball
909:Negro National League
838:Negro American League
758:Indianapolis, Indiana
468:Jacksonville Red Caps
454:MLB throwback jerseys
365:Negro American League
316:Negro National League
309:
229:Negro National League
191:Negro National League
172:Negro league baseball
122:Negro American League
2053:Three Rivers Classic
1830:Sports in Pittsburgh
1328:St. Louis Stars (II)
1316:Kansas City Monarchs
1178:Pittsburgh Crawfords
712:Pittsburgh Crawfords
389:United States League
164:Pittsburgh Crawfords
29:Pittsburgh Crawfords
2621:Motor Square Garden
1371:Louisville Clippers
1286:Detroit Stars (III)
1126:Akron Black Tyrites
1122:Columbus Blue Birds
1098:Baltimore Black Sox
902:League pennants (3)
826:League affiliations
2206:UPMC Events Center
2176:Joe Walton Stadium
1582:minor league teams
1577:major league teams
1535:Negro World Series
1401:Philadelphia Stars
1172:Philadelphia Stars
556:2019-09-06 at the
490:Pittsburgh Pirates
464:Pittsburgh Pirates
348:Dominican Republic
312:
265:Jimmie Crutchfield
139:Gus Greenlee Field
2663:
2662:
2659:
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2611:Josh Gibson Field
2469:Duquesne C&AC
2378:Duquesne C&AC
2297:Roundball Classic
1796:
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1589:Timeline of teams
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1201:
1116:Cleveland Red Sox
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1043:
1018:
1017:
488:game between the
342:Player defections
160:
159:
2723:
2636:Schenley Gardens
2596:Duquesne Gardens
2219:
2218:
2171:Highmark Stadium
2151:Acrisure Stadium
2146:PPG Paints Arena
2125:Studio Wrestling
1856:Head of the Ohio
1823:
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1718:Post-integration
1627:East–West League
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1556:Serie Monumental
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1344:Post-integration
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1092:Bacharach Giants
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1064:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1011:
949:
933:
926:
925:
863:Oscar Charleston
850:
759:
751:
743:
731:Toledo Crawfords
713:
704:
697:
690:
681:
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661:
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658:
647:
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625:Green Cathedrals
618:
609:
608:
600:
585:
584:
582:
581:
566:
560:
543:
418:Oscar Charleston
369:Toledo Crawfords
245:Oscar Charleston
237:Great Depression
218:Calhoun, Alabama
132:Former ballparks
106:Former league(s)
26:
25:
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1477:List of players
1465:
1460:
1430:
1425:
1412:
1395:New York Cubans
1345:
1339:
1322:Memphis Red Sox
1248:
1247:Pre-integration
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1202:
1189:
1160:New York Cubans
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1075:
1045:
1040:
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1014:
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527:St. Louis Stars
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479:Milwaukee Bears
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367:, becoming the
360:
352:Rafael Trujillo
344:
327:New York Cubans
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24:
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2509:Pirates (WPHL)
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1995:Steeler Nation
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1928:Yellow Jackets
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1721:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1423:are not noted.
1421:associate team
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1407:Raleigh Tigers
1404:
1398:
1392:
1389:Newark Indians
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1349:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1200:are not noted.
1198:associate team
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1003:
1001:
997:
996:
994:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
944:
942:
938:
937:
922:
921:
919:
918:
915:
912:
905:
903:
899:
898:
896:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
858:Cool Papa Bell
854:
852:
849:Hall of Famers
844:
843:
841:
840:
835:
829:
827:
823:
822:
820:
819:
801:Greenlee Field
793:
791:
787:
786:
784:
783:
778:
772:
770:
766:
765:
763:
762:
727:
720:
717:
716:
707:
706:
699:
692:
684:
670:
667:
664:
663:
642:
635:
610:
586:
561:
537:
536:
534:
531:
494:Detroit Tigers
460:Tampa Bay Rays
455:
452:
451:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
413:Cool Papa Bell
408:
407:Hall of Famers
405:
396:
393:
380:
377:
359:
356:
343:
340:
310:1932 Crawfords
303:
300:
288:Crawford Grill
284:Greenlee Field
257:Cool Papa Bell
202:
199:
195:Greenlee Field
174:team based in
158:
157:
155:
154:
148:
142:
135:
133:
129:
128:
126:
125:
119:
113:
109:
107:
103:
102:
100:
99:
96:
93:
89:
87:
86:Former name(s)
83:
82:
80:
79:
76:
72:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
40:
36:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2728:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2652:
2651:Winter Garden
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:Sewall Center
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2529:Winter Garden
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Sledgehammers
2088:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1871:Mylan Classic
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:Minor leagues
1680:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:Proto-leagues
1649:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:Major leagues
1603:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1342:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1166:Newark Eagles
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
946:
945:
943:
939:
934:
927:
923:
916:
913:
910:
907:
906:
904:
900:
894:
891:
889:
888:Satchel Paige
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
855:
853:
851:
845:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
828:
824:
818:
817:Victory Field
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
795:
794:
792:
788:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
771:
767:
761:
760:
753:
752:
745:
744:
736:
732:
729:Also know as
728:
726:
722:
721:
718:
714:
705:
700:
698:
693:
691:
686:
685:
682:
678:
676:
653:
646:
638:
636:0-8027-1562-1
632:
627:
626:
617:
615:
606:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
575:
571:
565:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
538:
530:
528:
523:
521:
516:
512:
508:
506:
501:
499:
498:Detroit Stars
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
449:
446:
444:
443:Satchel Paige
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
402:
392:
390:
386:
385:Branch Rickey
379:Later revival
376:
374:
370:
366:
355:
353:
349:
339:
337:
333:
332:Leroy Matlock
328:
323:
321:
317:
308:
299:
298:entertained.
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
277:Ted Radcliffe
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:Satchel Paige
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
222:Teenie Harris
219:
214:
208:
198:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
152:
151:Victory Field
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
134:
130:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
108:
104:
97:
94:
91:
90:
88:
84:
77:
74:
73:
71:
69:League titles
67:
64:
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
44:
41:
37:
32:
27:
22:
2646:Three Rivers
2626:Pitt Stadium
2606:Forbes Field
2586:Central Park
2250:
2228:
2191:Rooney Field
2110:Thunderbirds
1303:
1177:
1031:
908:
878:Judy Johnson
813:Indianapolis
812:
809:Swayne Field
804:
796:
755:
750:Toledo, Ohio
747:
739:
734:
730:
724:
710:
672:
655:. Retrieved
645:
624:
604:
578:. Retrieved
564:
541:
524:
517:
513:
509:
502:
483:
476:
457:
433:Judy Johnson
382:
372:
368:
361:
345:
324:
313:
281:
273:Sam Bankhead
261:William Bell
253:Judy Johnson
226:
215:
211:
193:, and built
187:Gus Greenlee
184:
167:
163:
161:
145:Swayne Field
2591:Civic Arena
2464:Duquesne AC
2130:Dirty Dozen
2074:Riveters SC
1902:Wild Things
1518:Post-season
1409:(1959–1962)
1403:(1949–1952)
1397:(1949–1950)
1367:(1949–1951)
1361:(1954–1960)
1355:(1949–1951)
1346:(1949–1962)
1336:(1938–1941)
1324:(1937–1959)
1318:(1937–1962)
1312:(1938–1942)
1306:(1939–1940)
1300:(1943–1954)
1282:(1942–1950)
1270:(1937–1952)
1258:(1938–1939)
1249:(1937–1948)
1180:(1933–1938)
1174:(1934–1948)
1168:(1934–1948)
1156:(1936–1948)
1150:(1934–1948)
1112:(1933–1935)
1106:(1933–1948)
1100:(1933–1934)
873:Josh Gibson
868:Bill Foster
550:Josh Gibson
486:interleague
472:interleague
428:Josh Gibson
423:Bill Foster
302:League play
249:Josh Gibson
147:(1939–1940)
141:(1933–1938)
124:(1939–1940)
118:(1933–1938)
49:Established
34:Information
2670:Categories
2560:Hurricanes
2383:Gladiators
2317:Monticello
2290:Basketball
2215:Historical
2196:Trees Hall
2100:Harlequins
1921:Basketball
1851:Great Race
1846:Grand Prix
1841:Dapper Dan
1770:Color line
1760:No-hitters
893:Jud Wilson
883:Biz Mackey
797:Pittsburgh
657:2024-04-30
580:2017-06-10
533:References
448:Jud Wilson
438:Biz Mackey
292:Lena Horne
2524:Victorias
2519:Shamrocks
2484:Keystones
2388:Homestead
2373:Americans
2368:Allegheny
2271:Keystones
2256:Filipinos
2251:Crawfords
2246:Champions
2236:Allegheny
2120:Wallabies
2115:Triangles
2047:Colonials
2041:Colonials
2020:Renegades
1963:Colonials
1957:Colonials
948:· 1930 ·
790:Ballparks
769:Franchise
738:Based in
725:1931–1940
723:Operated
269:Rap Dixon
59:Disbanded
2565:Phantoms
2550:Beadling
2499:Phantoms
2474:Ft. Pitt
2418:Olympics
2356:Football
2347:Xplosion
2332:Piranhas
2322:Phantoms
2266:Hardhats
2241:Burghers
2222:Baseball
2156:PNC Park
2036:Penguins
2000:heritage
1985:Panthers
1980:Steelers
1973:Football
1939:Panthers
1933:Panthers
1907:Panthers
1890:Baseball
1866:Marathon
1788:Category
1034:Category
574:Archived
554:Archived
520:PNC Park
492:and the
363:and the
231:and the
185:In 1931
39:Location
21:Crawford
2555:Cannons
2504:Pirates
2479:Hornets
2459:Cougars
2454:Bankers
2423:Quakers
2398:Maulers
2337:Pirates
2307:Ironmen
2302:Condors
2276:Stogies
2015:Passion
1990:Maulers
1897:Pirates
1876:Regatta
1753:Related
1598:Leagues
1470:Players
932:Seasons
781:Seasons
776:Players
669:Sources
395:Players
387:'s new
201:History
2579:Venues
2570:Spirit
2543:Soccer
2489:Lyceum
2447:Hockey
2393:Lyceum
2327:Pipers
2312:Loendi
2281:Rebels
2139:Venues
2062:Soccer
2029:Hockey
1775:Museum
1391:(1959)
1385:(1957)
1379:(1957)
1373:(1954)
1330:(1937)
1294:(1937)
1288:(1937)
1276:(1937)
1186:(1938)
1144:(1943)
1138:(1933)
1132:(1933)
1118:(1934)
1094:(1934)
911:: 1933
805:Toledo
650:sabr.
633:
358:Demise
275:, and
255:, and
220:) and
153:(1940)
2433:Stars
2408:Power
2261:Grays
2095:Bulls
2083:Other
2010:Force
2005:Colts
1951:Dukes
1945:Dukes
1912:Dukes
1565:Teams
1085:Teams
1000:1940s
941:1930s
607:: 65.
168:Craws
2514:Pros
2413:Odds
2342:Rens
1881:WPHL
1861:Lore
1007:1940
991:1939
986:1938
981:1937
976:1936
971:1935
966:1934
961:1933
956:1932
951:1931
935:(10)
917:1936
914:1935
754:and
733:and
631:ISBN
462:and
294:and
162:The
78:1936
75:1935
63:1940
53:1931
2494:PAC
2403:PAC
2105:PCC
2049:(w)
2043:(m)
1965:(w)
1959:(m)
1953:(w)
1947:(m)
1941:(w)
1935:(m)
1497:S–Z
1492:M–R
1487:E–L
1482:A–D
548:of
2672::
2428:JP
815::
807::
799::
746:,
613:^
589:^
572:.
507:.
481:.
271:,
267:,
263:,
251:,
182:.
1822:e
1815:t
1808:v
1455:e
1448:t
1441:v
1232:e
1225:t
1218:v
1128:/
1124:/
1070:e
1063:t
1056:v
703:e
696:t
689:v
660:.
639:.
583:.
403:.
209:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.