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27:
1159:
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designs. Plunge pools are often very deep, generally related to the height of the fall, the volume of water, the resistance of the rock below the pool and other factors. The impacting and swirling water, sometimes carrying rocks within it,
91:
the riverbed into a basin, which often features rough and irregular sides. Plunge pools can remain long after the waterfall has ceased flow or the stream has been diverted. Several examples of former plunge pools exist at
135:, water continues to bombard its base. Because this rock is often less resistant than overlying strata, the water from the higher elevation continues eroding downward until an equilibrium is achieved.
70:
forces of cascading water on the rocks at the formation's base where the water impacts. The term may refer to the water occupying the depression, or the depression itself.
138:
A somewhat similar bowl-shaped feature developed by flowing water, as opposed to falling water, is known as a scour hole. These occur both naturally and as a result of
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104:. They can also be found underwater in areas that were formerly above sea level, for example,
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1946:
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Water going over the falls carries sand and pebbles that scour a plunge pool at its base.
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The
Channeled Scablands of Eastern Washington: the geologic story of the Spokane flood
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and faster water flows. Where softer or fractured rock has been eroded back to a
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Plunge pools are formed by the natural force of falling water, such as at a
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93:
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or cascade; they also result from man-made structures such as some
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1984:
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The
Management of the Zambezi River Basin and Kariba Dam
58:) is a deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a
149:
2433:
1203:
127:of river development, characterized by steeper
1189:
814:
325:
311:
230:Dictionary of Geological Terms: Third Edition
185: – Shallow landform in a flowing channel
1145:List of rivers that have reversed direction
1196:
1182:
821:
807:
318:
304:
37:
25:
1795:International scale of river difficulty
2434:
191: – Depression landform in bedrock
1177:
802:
299:
259:Davis' Handbook of Applied Hydraulics
228:Robert L Bates, Julia A Jackson, ed.
16:Depression at the base of a waterfall
828:
212:W. W. Norton & Company, 3rd ed.
13:
21:Swimming pool § Private pools
14:
2493:
284:
257:Vincent J. Zipparro, Hans Hasen,
202:
19:For the small swimming pool, see
1158:
1157:
505:
152:
1952:Flooded grasslands and savannas
854:Drainage system (geomorphology)
275:United States Geological Survey
173:List of waterfalls by flow rate
864:Strahler number (stream order)
264:
251:
239:
222:
1:
291:USGS: Stream Modeling website
234:American Geological Institute
195:
2118:Universal Soil Loss Equation
2068:Hydrological transport model
1962:Storm Water Management Model
73:
7:
145:
10:
2498:
1622:Antecedent drainage stream
178:List of waterfalls by type
18:
2386:
2358:River valley civilization
2320:
2259:
2241:Riparian-zone restoration
2141:
2003:
1975:
1876:
1848:
1780:
1602:
1469:
1386:
1308:
1219:
1153:
1102:
1066:
1033:
1005:
887:
836:
689:
661:
623:
585:
514:
503:
337:
2421:Countries without rivers
2396:Rivers by discharge rate
2108:Runoff model (reservoir)
2073:Infiltration (hydrology)
497:Waste stabilization pond
208:Marshak, Stephen, 2009,
2093:River Continuum Concept
1858:Agricultural wastewater
977:River channel migration
66:. It is created by the
2416:River name etymologies
2343:Hydraulic civilization
2201:Floodplain restoration
1977:Point source pollution
1752:Sedimentary structures
907:Bar (river morphology)
210:Essentials of Geology,
43:
35:
2028:Discharge (hydrology)
1990:Industrial wastewater
1471:Sedimentary processes
1089:Erosion and tectonics
1084:Degradation (geology)
452:Salt evaporation pond
41:
34:plunge pool (Iceland)
29:
2133:Volumetric flow rate
1717:Riffle-pool sequence
1110:Deposition (geology)
837:Large-scale features
707:Big fish–little pond
676:Freshwater ecosystem
610:Puddles on a surface
2307:Whitewater kayaking
2302:Whitewater canoeing
2103:Runoff curve number
1947:Flood pulse concept
717:Constructed wetland
123:which occur in the
98:Channeled Scablands
2333:Aquatic toxicology
2246:Stream restoration
2211:Infiltration basin
2063:Hydrological model
1579:Sediment transport
1402:Estavelle/Inversac
1280:Subterranean river
1140:Sediment transport
1094:River rejuvenation
1067:Regional processes
600:Coffee ring effect
407:Infiltration basin
387:Facultative lagoon
160:Environment portal
44:
36:
2452:Fluvial landforms
2447:Erosion landforms
2429:
2428:
2406:Whitewater rivers
2312:Whitewater slalom
2143:River engineering
2043:Groundwater model
2004:River measurement
1932:Flood forecasting
1747:Sedimentary basin
1604:Fluvial landforms
1509:Bed material load
1285:River bifurcation
1171:
1170:
972:River bifurcation
796:
795:
737:Pond of Abundance
671:Aquatic ecosystem
261:, p. 16.46 (1993)
115:Plunge pools are
110:Western Australia
108:off the coast of
2489:
2391:Rivers by length
2226:River morphology
2128:Wetted perimeter
2033:Drainage density
1544:Headward erosion
1373:Perennial stream
1245:Blackwater river
1198:
1191:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1161:
1160:
902:Avulsion (river)
830:River morphology
823:
816:
809:
800:
799:
509:
382:Evaporation pond
320:
313:
306:
297:
296:
278:
268:
262:
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226:
220:
206:
162:
157:
156:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2457:Garden features
2442:Bodies of water
2432:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2401:Drainage basins
2382:
2316:
2255:
2231:Retention basin
2191:Erosion control
2186:Detention basin
2137:
2053:Hjulström curve
2005:
1999:
1971:
1915:Non-water flood
1872:
1844:
1790:Helicoidal flow
1776:
1677:Fluvial terrace
1672:Floating island
1598:
1473:
1465:
1456:Rhythmic spring
1390:
1382:
1363:Stream gradient
1304:
1290:River ecosystem
1255:Channel pattern
1223:
1215:
1202:
1172:
1167:
1149:
1130:Helicoidal flow
1098:
1062:
1029:
1001:
917:Channel pattern
889:Alluvial rivers
883:
879:River sinuosity
832:
827:
797:
792:
685:
657:
619:
581:
557:Spent fuel pool
552:Reflecting pool
522:Anchialine pool
510:
501:
333:
324:
287:
282:
281:
269:
265:
256:
252:
248:, p. 105 (2010)
244:
240:
227:
223:
207:
203:
198:
158:
151:
148:
140:bridge building
76:
30:Surface of the
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2495:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2477:Swimming pools
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2375:
2370:
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2355:
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2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2292:Stone skipping
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2176:Drop structure
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2156:Balancing lake
2153:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2083:Playfair's law
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2038:Exner equation
2035:
2030:
2025:
2023:Bradshaw model
2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1910:Urban flooding
1902:
1897:
1895:Crevasse splay
1892:
1890:100-year flood
1886:
1884:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1850:Surface runoff
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1830:Stream capture
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1742:Rock-cut basin
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
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1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
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1619:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1584:Suspended load
1581:
1576:
1574:Secondary flow
1571:
1566:
1564:Retrogradation
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1529:Dissolved load
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1461:Spring horizon
1458:
1453:
1448:
1446:Mineral spring
1443:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1427:list in the US
1424:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1353:Stream channel
1350:
1345:
1340:
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1325:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1275:Drainage basin
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1235:Alluvial river
1231:
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1193:
1186:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1135:Playfair's law
1132:
1127:
1122:
1120:Exner equation
1117:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1058:Current ripple
1055:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
994:
989:
987:Slip-off slope
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
937:Meander cutoff
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
893:
891:
885:
884:
882:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
849:Drainage basin
846:
844:Alluvial plain
840:
838:
834:
833:
826:
825:
818:
811:
803:
794:
793:
791:
790:
785:
777:
772:
770:Water aeration
767:
762:
757:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
697:Aerated lagoon
693:
691:
687:
686:
684:
683:
681:Lake ecosystem
678:
673:
667:
665:
659:
658:
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502:
500:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
442:Retention pond
439:
434:
432:Polishing pond
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
402:Immersion pond
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
372:Detention pond
369:
364:
359:
354:
352:Balancing lake
349:
343:
341:
335:
334:
323:
322:
315:
308:
300:
294:
293:
286:
285:External links
283:
280:
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238:
221:
218:978-0393196566
200:
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186:
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164:
163:
147:
144:
125:youthful stage
75:
72:
56:waterfall lake
32:Seljalandsfoss
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2494:
2483:
2482:Water streams
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2472:Natural pools
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2462:Geomorphology
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2373:Surface water
2371:
2369:
2368:Sacred waters
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2364:
2361:
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2356:
2354:
2353:Riparian zone
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2338:Body of water
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2313:
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2288:
2287:Riverboarding
2285:
2283:
2282:River surfing
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2222:
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2209:
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2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:and modelling
2002:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1967:Return period
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:Flood control
1925:
1923:
1922:Flood barrier
1920:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1554:Palaeochannel
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1514:Granular flow
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1260:Channel types
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1240:Braided river
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1115:Water erosion
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1007:Bedrock river
1004:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
967:Riparian zone
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
912:Braided river
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
892:
890:
886:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
839:
835:
831:
824:
819:
817:
812:
810:
805:
804:
801:
789:
786:
784:
782:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
765:Swimming hole
763:
761:
758:
756:
754:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
712:Body of water
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
692:
688:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
666:
664:
660:
654:
651:
649:
648:Goldfish pond
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
628:
626:
622:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
590:
588:
584:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
567:Swimming pool
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
532:Infinity pool
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
517:
513:
508:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
462:Settling pond
460:
458:
457:Sediment pond
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
342:
340:
336:
332:
329:, pools, and
328:
321:
316:
314:
309:
307:
302:
301:
298:
292:
289:
288:
276:
272:
267:
260:
254:
247:
242:
235:
231:
225:
219:
215:
211:
205:
201:
190:
187:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
165:
161:
155:
150:
143:
141:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
90:
85:
81:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
40:
33:
28:
22:
2411:Flash floods
2363:River cruise
2260:River sports
2113:Stream gauge
2098:Rouse number
2088:Relief ratio
1937:Flood-meadow
1868:Urban runoff
1809:
1782:Fluvial flow
1767:River valley
1737:River island
1702:Meander scar
1617:Alluvial fan
1559:Progradation
1434:Karst spring
1378:Winterbourne
1333:Chalk stream
1295:River source
1270:Distributary
1024:
869:River valley
781:Water Lilies
780:
775:Water garden
755:(M C Escher)
752:
702:Bakki shower
546:
537:Natural pool
437:Raceway pond
367:Cooling pond
357:Ballast pond
266:
253:
241:
229:
224:
209:
204:
137:
119:features of
114:
106:Perth Canyon
77:
55:
52:plunge basin
51:
47:
45:
2272:Fly fishing
2196:Fish ladder
2181:Daylighting
1900:Flash flood
1863:First flush
1810:Plunge pool
1534:Downcutting
1519:Debris flow
1494:Aggradation
1368:Stream pool
1074:Aggradation
1025:Plunge pool
992:Stream pool
982:River mouth
874:River delta
727:Hydric soil
615:Seep puddle
577:Vernal pool
562:Stream pool
547:Plunge pool
412:Kettle pond
392:Garden pond
232:, p. 391,
168:Stream pool
100:of eastern
48:plunge pool
2436:Categories
2378:Wild river
2058:Hydrograph
2048:Hack's law
2013:Baer's law
1957:Inundation
1942:Floodplain
1882:stormwater
1840:Whitewater
1712:Oxbow lake
1549:Knickpoint
1524:Deposition
1417:Hot spring
1358:Streamflow
1348:Stream bed
1265:Confluence
1125:Hack's law
1079:Base level
1020:Knickpoint
947:Oxbow lake
927:Floodplain
742:Pond liner
732:Phytotelma
663:Ecosystems
633:Beaver dam
542:Ocean pool
527:Brine pool
492:Waste pond
467:Solar pond
273:, p.18-19
196:References
133:knickpoint
102:Washington
2467:Hydrology
2348:Limnology
2297:Triathlon
2267:Canyoning
2236:Revetment
2166:Check dam
2078:Main stem
1835:Waterfall
1722:Point bar
1707:Mouth bar
1647:Billabong
1594:Water gap
1589:Wash load
1569:Saltation
1489:Anabranch
1412:Holy well
1300:Tributary
1103:Mechanics
952:Point bar
942:Mouth bar
897:Anabranch
722:Full pond
643:Fish pond
638:Duck pond
595:Bird bath
572:Tide pool
477:Stew pond
427:Mill pond
422:Melt pond
129:gradients
94:Dry Falls
80:waterfall
74:Formation
68:erosional
60:waterfall
2151:Aqueduct
2018:Baseflow
1985:Effluent
1662:Cut bank
1627:Avulsion
1504:Bed load
1484:Abrasion
1163:Category
1048:Antidune
1035:Bedforms
922:Cut bank
653:Koi pond
482:Tailings
472:Stepwell
447:Sag pond
417:Log pond
397:Ice pond
377:Dew pond
347:Ash pond
146:See also
121:erosion
84:spillway
2328:Aquifer
2321:Related
2277:Rafting
1805:Meander
1800:Log jam
1762:Thalweg
1667:Estuary
1539:Erosion
1476:erosion
1388:Springs
1343:Current
1310:Streams
1250:Channel
1213:springs
1209:streams
997:Thalweg
932:Meander
859:Estuary
783:(Monet)
747:Ponding
690:Related
587:Puddles
331:puddles
117:fluvial
96:in the
89:abrades
64:shut-in
2123:WAFLEX
1995:Sewage
1878:Floods
1820:Riffle
1815:Rapids
1757:Strath
1727:Ravine
1652:Canyon
1407:Geyser
1338:Coulee
1323:Bourne
1318:Arroyo
1221:Rivers
1205:Rivers
1015:Canyon
962:Rapids
957:Riffle
760:Spring
753:Puddle
605:Puddle
277:(1973)
236:(1984)
216:
189:Tinaja
183:Riffle
2221:Levee
2206:Flume
2161:Canal
1905:Flood
1825:Shoal
1692:Gully
1687:Gulch
1657:Chine
1642:Bayou
1499:Armor
1451:Ponor
1226:lists
625:Biome
515:Pools
339:Ponds
327:Ponds
2251:Weir
2216:Leat
1880:and
1772:Wadi
1732:Rill
1697:Glen
1682:Gill
1632:Bank
1474:and
1439:list
1422:list
1393:list
1328:Burn
1211:and
1053:Dune
788:Well
487:Tarn
362:Beel
214:ISBN
50:(or
2171:Dam
1637:Bar
1612:Ait
1043:Ait
62:or
54:or
2438::
1207:,
142:.
112:.
46:A
1395:)
1391:(
1228:)
1224:(
1197:e
1190:t
1183:v
822:e
815:t
808:v
319:e
312:t
305:v
23:.
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