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initial bettor may only bet X; if a player wishes to raise a bet, they may only raise by X. In pot-limit poker, a player may bet or raise any amount up to the size of the pot. When calculating the maximum raise allowed, all previous bets and calls, including the intending raiser's call, are first added to the pot. The raiser may then raise the previous bet by the full amount of the pot. In no-limit poker, a player may wager their entire betting stack at any point that they are allowed to make a bet. In all games, if a player does not have enough betting chips to fully match a bet, they may go "all-in," allowing them to show down their hand for the number of chips they have remaining.
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462:, in which the players reveal their previously hidden cards and evaluate their hands. The player with the best hand according to the poker variant being played wins the pot. A poker hand comprises five cards; in variants where a player has more than five cards available to them, only the best five-card combination counts. There are 10 different kinds of poker hands, such as straight flush and four of a kind.
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543:: A complete hand is dealt to each player, face-down. Then each player must place an ante to the pot. They can then see their cards and bet accordingly. After betting, players can discard up to three cards and take new ones from the top of the deck. Then, another round of betting takes place. Finally, each player must show their cards and the player with the best hand wins.
253:. What is certain, however, is that poker was popularized in the American South in the early 19th century, as gambling riverboats in the Mississippi River and around New Orleans during the 1830s helped spread the game. One early description of poker was played on a steamboat in 1829 is recorded by the English actor,
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While typical poker games award the pot to the highest hand as per the standard ranking of poker hands, there are variations where the lowest ranked hand wins. In such games the best hand contains the lowest cards rather than the highest cards; some variations may be further complicated by whether or
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There are several methods for defining the structure of betting during a hand of poker. The three most common structures are known as "fixed-limit," "pot-limit," and "no-limit." In fixed-limit poker, betting and raising must be done by standardized amounts. For instance, if the required bet is X, an
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Poker has increased in popularity since the beginning of the 21st century (2001) and has gone from being primarily a recreational activity confined to small groups of enthusiasts to a widely popular activity, both for participants and spectators, including online, with many professional players and
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Also known as "flop poker," community card poker is a variation of stud poker. Players are dealt an incomplete hand of face-down cards, and then a number of face-up community cards are dealt to the center of the table, each of which can be used by one or more of the players to make a 5-card hand.
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in its layout and betting; each player bets against the house, and then is dealt two cards. For the player to win, the third card dealt (after an opportunity to raise the bet) must have a value in-between the first two. Payout is based on the odds that this is possible, based on the difference in
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is a traditional poker variation where players remove clothing when they lose bets. Since it depends only on the basic mechanic of betting in rounds, strip poker can be played with any form of poker; however, it is usually based on simple variants with few betting rounds, like five card draw.
431:, and the dealer deals the appropriate number of cards to the players one at a time, beginning with the player to their left. Cards may be dealt either face-up or face-down, depending on the variant of poker being played. After the initial deal, the first of what may be several
706:. The authors claimed that Cepheus would lose at most 0.001 big blinds per game on average against its worst-case opponent, and the strategy is thus so "close to optimal" that "it can't be beaten with statistical significance within a lifetime of human poker playing."
526:, with a round of betting following each. This is the next-oldest family; as poker progressed from three to five-card hands, they were often dealt one card at a time, either face-down or face-up, with a betting round between each. The most popular stud variant today,
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144:). In standard poker, each player bets according to the rank they believe their hand is worth as compared to the other players. The action then proceeds clockwise as each player in turn must either match (or "call") the maximum previous bet, or
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other players for various strategic reasons. Thus, while the outcome of any particular hand significantly involves chance, the long-run expectations of the players are determined by their actions chosen on the basis of
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is best according to that specific game's rules. It is played worldwide, but in some places the rules may vary. While the earliest known form of the game was played with just 20 cards, today it is usually played with a
618:; most video poker machines play draw poker, where the player bets, a hand is dealt, and the player can discard and replace cards. Payout is dependent on the hand resulting after the draw and the player's initial bet.
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While poker's exact origin is the subject of debate, many game scholars point to the French game Poque and the
Iranian game As-Nas as possible early inspirations. For example, in the 1937 edition of Foster's Complete
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rounds begins. Between rounds, the players' hands develop in some way, often by being dealt additional cards or replacing cards previously dealt. At the end of each round, all bets are gathered into the central pot.
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for each hand, but the button (typically a white plastic disk) is rotated clockwise among the players to indicate a nominal dealer to determine the order of betting. The cards are dealt clockwise around the
491:, all following a similar pattern of play and generally using the same hand ranking hierarchy. There are four main families of variants, largely grouped by the protocol of card-dealing and betting:
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A complete hand is dealt to each player, and players bet in one round, with raising and re-raising allowed. This is the oldest poker family; the root of the game as now played was a game known as
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only appeared in the middle of the 19th century, and was largely spread by the US military. It became a staple in many casinos following World War II and grew in popularity with the advent of the
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not hands such as flushes and straights are considered in the hand rankings. There are also games where the highest and lowest hands divide the pot between them, known as "high low split" games.
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wrote that "the game of poker, as first played in the United States, five cards to each player from a twenty-card pack, is undoubtedly the
Persian game of
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hands of five cards are sometimes used as a final showdown, but poker is almost always played in a more complex form to allow for additional strategy.
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With the exception of initial forced bets, money is only placed into the pot voluntarily by a player who either believes the bet has a positive
447:, the hand ends immediately, the bettor is awarded the pot, no cards are required to be shown, and the next hand begins. This is what makes
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are common, it may be played with 32, 40 or 48 cards. Thus poker games vary in deck configuration, the number of cards in play, the number
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249:." However, in the 1990s the notion that poker is a direct derivative of As-Nas began to be challenged by gaming historians including
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In most modern poker games, the first round of betting begins with one or more of the players making some form of a forced bet (the
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possible. Bluffing is a primary feature of poker, distinguishing it from other vying games and from other games that use
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a few years later between 2003 and 2006. Today the game has grown to become an extremely popular pastime worldwide.
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and other community card games began to dominate the gambling scenes over the next couple of decades. The
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values of the first two cards. Other poker-like games played at casinos against the house include
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takes place where the hands are revealed, and the player with the winning hand takes the pot.
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At the end of the last betting round, if more than one player remains, there is a
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Cards are dealt in a prearranged combination of face-down and face-up rounds, or
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for information on how to properly incorporate it into this article's main text.
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At any time during a betting round, if one player bets, no opponents choose to
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a hand typically rotates among the players and is marked by a token called a
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Other games that use poker hand rankings may likewise be referred to as
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Card Night: Classic Games, Classic Decks, and the
History Behind Them
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Card Night: Classic Games, Classic Decks, and the
History Behind Them
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For more details on rules for the most common poker variants, see
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Bowling, M.; Burch, N.; Johanson, M.; Tammelin, O. (2015).
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name, but with a vastly different mode of play, is called
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are two well-known variants of the community card family.
506:, a very popular gentleman's game around the time of the
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866:"World Series of Poker Retrospective: Horseshoe History"
127:, but all have rules that involve one or more rounds of
844:. Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. p. 203.
809:. Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. p. 203.
69:"Poker player" redirects here. For the magazine, see
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in progress. "Hold 'em" is a popular form of poker.
427:the cards, the player on the chair to their right
411:One or more players are usually required to make
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694:announced that they "essentially weakly solved"
202:This article should include a better summary of
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443:(match) the bet, and all opponents instead
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669:have been developed by researchers at the
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690:, a group of researchers mostly from the
940:"Heads-up limit hold'em poker is solved"
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32:This is an accepted version of this page
684:In a January 2015 article published in
180:multimillion-dollar tournament prizes.
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260:In contrast to this version of poker,
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1015:"Computer program 'perfect at poker'"
510:and still enjoyed in the U.K. today.
376:Examples of top poker hand categories
123:face up or face down, and the number
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1160:List of poker playing card nicknames
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644:poker. This game is more similar to
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888:Richard D. Harroch, Lou Krieger.
781:"Top 10 moments in poker history"
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1002:from the original on 2015-01-22.
905:. London: Everyman/Mind Sports.
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502:, which evolved into the game
115:, although in countries where
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1013:Gill, Victoria (2015-01-08).
892:. John Wiley & Sons, 2010
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423:(sometimes both). The dealer
399:, a house dealer handles the
381:In casual play, the right to
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1421:Fundamental theorem of poker
770:Parlett (2008), pp. 568–570.
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614:that functions much like a
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612:single-player video game
39:latest accepted revision
2105:Multi-player card games
2085:19th-century card games
1401:Open-face Chinese poker
1117:Index of poker articles
977:10.1126/science.1259433
732:Glossary of poker terms
211:Knowledge:Summary style
901:Reuben, Stewart 2001.
838:"History of Poker" in
803:"History of Poker" in
679:University of Auckland
667:computer poker players
628:Another game with the
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472:List of poker variants
306:List of poker variants
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64:Poker (disambiguation)
2100:Games of mental skill
1452:Computer poker player
903:Starting out in Poker
829:Cowell (1844), p. 94.
692:University of Alberta
671:University of Alberta
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266:World Series of Poker
125:shared by all players
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2011:Video game addiction
1621:Gambling mathematics
1557:Gambling terminology
1332:Community card poker
549:Community card poker
415:, usually either an
159:or who is trying to
97:comparing card games
62:For other uses, see
2115:American inventions
2090:American card games
1048:, London: Penguin,
959:2015Sci...347..145B
926:The Theory of Poker
840:Roya, Will (2021).
805:Roya, Will (2021).
785:casinocitytimes.com
737:List of poker hands
453:poker hand rankings
302:List of poker hands
282:, resulting in the
276:televising of poker
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1054:978-0-141-03787-5
953:(6218): 145–149.
890:Poker for Dummies
752:Underground poker
704:Cepheus poker bot
661:Computer programs
408:, one at a time.
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37:This is the
31:
18:Poker player
2059:WikiProject
1970:Casino game
1936:New Zealand
1776:Philippines
1614:Mathematics
1462:Poker tools
1372:Let It Ride
1246:Check-raise
1165:Tournaments
635:Acey-Deucey
622:Strip poker
608:Video poker
413:forced bets
406:poker table
174:game theory
166:probability
117:short packs
106:over which
2074:Categories
2049:Wiktionary
2001:Gaming law
1734:Bangladesh
1681:Martingale
1641:Strategies
1308:Stud poker
1294:Draw poker
1280:Variations
1261:Protection
1236:Aggression
1153:Poker boom
1036:Literature
1024:2022-02-10
875:2019-01-13
790:2021-02-24
758:References
677:, and the
583:Jack Kelly
536:Draw poker
518:Stud poker
489:variations
284:poker boom
280:millennium
255:Joe Cowell
219:April 2018
170:psychology
84:A game of
1931:Australia
1793:Singapore
1749:Hong Kong
1694:By region
1445:Computing
1436:Slow play
1256:Isolation
963:CiteSeerX
646:Blackjack
481:2006 WSOP
421:blind bet
99:in which
59:Card game
2029:Category
1803:Thailand
1771:Pakistan
1739:Cambodia
1588:Cardroom
1548:Gambling
1481:Category
1431:Pot odds
1413:Strategy
1193:Position
1181:Elements
1143:Glossary
1138:Cheating
1126:Overview
1044:(2008),
1019:BBC News
997:Archived
985:25574016
710:See also
696:heads-up
592:Maverick
512:Straight
495:Straight
466:Variants
460:showdown
449:bluffing
425:shuffles
395:). In a
290:Gameplay
150:showdown
43:reviewed
2039:Commons
1924:Oceania
1898:Ontario
1889:Canada
1859:Ukraine
1829:Estonia
1813:Vietnam
1713:Nigeria
1607:Science
1505:Outline
1493:Commons
1148:History
1133:Betting
993:3796371
955:Bibcode
947:Science
687:Science
641:Red Dog
524:streets
500:Primero
433:betting
184:History
129:betting
101:players
1994:Issues
1950:Brazil
1893:Quebec
1880:Mexico
1854:Turkey
1849:Russia
1844:Norway
1834:France
1822:Europe
1808:Turkey
1798:Taiwan
1788:Russia
1781:Manila
1708:Angola
1701:Africa
1593:Racino
1571:Casino
1564:Venues
1070:Curlie
1052:
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813:
698:limit
397:casino
247:As-Nas
172:, and
2080:Poker
1962:Games
1839:Italy
1766:Japan
1761:India
1754:Macau
1744:China
1266:Steal
1241:Bluff
1229:Plays
1208:Hands
1106:Poker
1066:Poker
1000:(PDF)
989:S2CID
943:(PDF)
630:poker
610:is a
604:poker
560:Omaha
419:or a
401:cards
239:Hoyle
161:bluff
137:blind
121:dealt
104:wager
93:Poker
1727:Asia
1576:List
1324:Razz
1288:Brag
1251:Draw
1220:Tell
1188:Chip
1174:Play
1050:ISBN
981:PMID
907:ISBN
846:ISBN
811:ISBN
653:and
581:and
558:and
445:fold
441:call
429:cuts
417:ante
393:buck
391:(or
383:deal
304:and
209:See
146:fold
142:ante
108:hand
1198:Pot
1068:at
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