242:
to link public subsidies for party activity with financial incentives to generally encourage gender equality within the parties. This will be achieved by a legal prescription that parties will face a 50 per cent cut of their public subsidy unless at least 30 per cent of all candidates are women and at least 30 per cent are men. Moreover, Irish parties must apply some part of their subsidy to a variety of specified purposes, among them promoting youth and female political participation. Since no further clarification is provided, this may simply refer to the operation of separate women's and youth groups, which is a traditional feature of many parties. The financial reports filed by the three major parties for 2011 show that Fianna Fáil spent €7,50 for the purpose, but Fine Gael no more than €152. The Labour Party seems to differ considerably, because it spent €61,107 to promote female participation (although almost three-quarters of this total was spent on 'salaries and pensions').
78:
politicians cannot buy time on the broadcast media', independent candidates are granted by law 'some coverage in the news'. In addition, there is a subsidy for current party operations. In a per capita comparison of six countries it has turned out that
Ireland is the most generous provider of public support to its parties.
77:
Ireland provides free broadcasting time for all parties which nominated a minimum number of candidates. The allocation formula seeks to give fair opportunities to all parties, taking into account the number of candidates presented and the share of votes polled in the previous election. Because 'Irish
241:
There is a ban on foreign donations. The legal maximum for anonymous donations is set at €100, rather low when compared to other countries. The annual maximum for all donors is €6,350 per party and €2,540 per parliamentary candidate. A late start among political finance reformers has enabled
Ireland
95:
Limits to how much a candidate in an election may spend on their campaign were reintroduced by the 1997 act, having been abolished by the
Electoral Act 1963. In Dáil, European, and Presidential elections, a lower limit is reimbursed from public funds provided the candidate reaches a minimum share of
86:
A recent study of general political spending levels has found (on a per capita basis) that
Ireland was almost in line with Canada, slightly ahead of the United States and much more so of Australia and the United Kingdom. Quite in line with developments in other established democracies, Irish party
254:
has jurisdiction over party and candidate financing. International IDEA conveys the impression that hitherto it has displayed respectful neglect of all "big fish" donations, which tend to go unreported. Without presenting evidence for its deviating view, the GRECO report on
Ireland assigns a much
108:
discriminating against poorer would-be candidates. The quota limit is applied to the candidate's votes including transfers rather than first-preference votes alone; therefore, a candidate whose vote total is too low for them to be elected will nevertheless not be eliminated as long as there
60:
were the parties which received the highest amounts of private funding. Fianna Fáil reported €432,501 and Sinn Féin total donations of €230,000. Whereas the bulk of the former funds were contributed by the business sector (e.g. hoteliers, builders etc.), most of the latter came from U.S.
39:
received €250,000 despite losing its last remaining elected representatives. Small parties on the brink of the threshold have also exhorted supporters to turn out even in constituencies where their local candidate has no chance of winning a seat.
566:
Counting of votes is also operated to help candidates and the rules are designed where possible to candidates getting back their election deposits and being eligible to be reimbursed for their election
27:
Under the
Electoral Act 1997, a registered party is eligible for payments from the Central Fund in proportion to the percentage of total first-preference votes its candidates received at the previous
637:
The amount of election expenses which may be reimbursed to a candidate under these
Regulations shall be the actual expenses incurred by the candidate or thirty thousand pounds whichever is the less
87:
headquarters have stepped up their routine activities and shifted their budgets accordingly, Salaries, wages and benefits comprise about one-third of party headquarters' annual spending.
113:
running in a single election; there are extra rules for pooling of expenses between candidates of the same party, or where a single candidate runs simultaneously in multiple elections.
863:
339:
156:
579:
550:
668:
19:
has re-emerged as an issue of public policy quite recently when in 2012 the
Electoral Act of 1997 was amended to cover basic needs of transparency and control.
829:
Murphy, Ronan J. and
Farrell, David M.: 'Party Politics in Ireland: Regularizing a Volatile System', in: Paul Webb, David Farrell and Ian Holliday (eds.):
408:
Murphy, Ronan J. and
Farrell, David M.: 'Party Politics in Ireland: Regularizing a Volatile System', in: Paul Webb, David Farrell and Ian Holliday (eds.):
643:
851:
748:
Subsection (4B)(a) of section 17 of the Electoral Act of 1997 as inserted by no. 42 of the Electoral (Amendment)(Political Funding) Act 2012.
783:
771:
476:
456:
300:
104:
paid in advance by a candidate, reimbursed if the candidate reached one-quarter of a quota. The deposit provision was struck out in 2001 as
1059:
894:
467:
Nassmacher, Karl-Heinz: The Funding of Party Competition. Political Finance in 25 Democracies, Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2009, pp.77-78, 80-82.
204:
815:
Farrell, David M.: 'Ireland: Centralization, Professionalization and Competitive Pressures', in: Katz, Richard S./ Mair, Peter (eds.):
255:
more positive evaluation to 'the proactive advisory role played by the Standards Commission to promote transparency of party funding'.
857:
737:
726:
715:
602:
445:
421:
365:
48:
Details about the sources of political funds prior to 2012 were rather scarce. Based on the information published for 1998 Murphy and
31:. This is subject to a minimum threshold of two percent of the total first-preference votes. There was criticism of this after the
1022:
1034:
1027:
975:
251:
28:
49:
838:
Lobbying, Government Relations and Campaign Finance. Navigating the Laws, Regulations and Practices if National Regimes
691:
1012:
1007:
887:
100:
quota. This reimbursement was introduced by the 1997 act and in 2001 replaced the previous system of requiring a
826:, Working Papers in International Studies No. 12/2011. Centre for International Studies, Dublin City University.
965:
489:
384:
312:
772:
http://www.idea.int/publications/funding-of-political-parties-and-election-campaigns/upload/foppec-p8.pdf
644:"Guidelines for the European Parliament Election of 24 May 2019 [Candidates and Election Agents]"
140:
1054:
1002:
985:
880:
32:
939:
980:
970:
97:
523:
1017:
997:
944:
105:
621:"S.I. No. 122/1999 - European Parliament Election (Reimbursement of Expenses) Regulations, 1999"
62:
934:
620:
110:
66:
172:
810:
Party Organizations. A Data Handbook on Party Organizations in Western Democracies, 1960-90
757:
GRECO Evaluation Report on Ireland, Transparency of Party Funding (Theme II), 2009, p. 8.
272:
109:
uncertainty over whether they would reach the expenses threshold. The basic rules apply to
817:
How Partiers Organize. Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies
8:
922:
767:
903:
518:
867:
928:
917:
101:
949:
340:"Renua will continue to collect €250k despite having no elected representatives"
53:
1048:
57:
490:"Private Business. - Funding of Political Parties and Candidates: Motion"
824:
Business Financing of Politics in Ireland - Theory, Evidence and Reform
551:"Surpluses and tallies: This is the dummy's guide to an election count"
434:
Business Financing of Politics in Ireland - Theory, Evidence and Reform
641:
872:
36:
436:, Working Papers in International Studies No. 12/2011, p. 9.
819:, London et al.: Sage Publications, 1994, pp. 216–241.
812:, London et al.: Sage Publications, 1992, pp. 389–457.
69:
was heavily reliant on contributions by the trade unions.
833:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 217–47.
840:, Oxford: Oceana Publications, 2005, pp. 201–260.
836:
O'Dowd, John: 'Ireland', in: Grant, Thomas D. (ed.):
831:
Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies
696:
Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government
642:
Standards in Public Office Commission (March 2019).
607:
Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government
412:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 230-31.
410:
Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies
366:"This election is make or break for the Green Party"
768:
http://www.sipo.gov.ie/en/Reports/Annual/Disclosure
43:
868:http://www.sipo.gov.ie/en/Reports/Annual-Reports/
1046:
524:"Electoral (Amendment) Bill, 2002: Second Stage"
888:
582:. Citizens Information Board. 1 November 2018
385:"Vote Aontú and keep pro-life politics alive"
689:
671:. Citizens Information Board. 12 August 2013
600:
363:
895:
881:
860:– International IDEA, Strömsborg, Sweden
854:– International IDEA, Strömsborg, Sweden
96:the vote, defined as one-quarter of the
364:Augustenborg, Cara (19 February 2016).
214:
182:
1047:
515:Redmond v Minister for the Environment
382:
337:
902:
876:
858:2012 Political Party Finance Database
852:2003 Political Party Finance Database
770:; the whole paragraph is taken from:
548:
487:
252:Standards in Public Office Commission
494:Seanad Éireann (19th Seanad) debates
317:electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB)
90:
1060:Politics of the Republic of Ireland
580:"Presidential elections in Ireland"
13:
808:Farrell, David M.: 'Ireland', in:
14:
1071:
845:
72:
22:
528:Dáil Éireann (28th Dáil) debates
44:Sources of revenue up until 2012
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383:Conroy, Ben (23 January 2020).
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549:Reidy, Theresa (25 May 2019).
450:
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357:
331:
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245:
1:
625:electronic Irish Statute Book
282:
236:
488:Doyle, Avril (8 July 1992).
338:Leogue, Joe (11 June 2019).
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17:Political funding in Ireland
7:
530:. Oireachtas. 21 March 2002
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10:
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690:Stuart-Mills, Ian (2018).
601:Stuart-Mills, Ian (2017).
496:. Houses of the Oireachtas
33:2019 Irish local elections
958:
910:
794:GRECO report 2009, p. 25.
203:
171:
117:Election spending limits
258:
219:Population 18,001–35,000
98:single transferable vote
519:[2001] IEHC 128
227:Population up to 18,000
111:independent politicians
935:Grassroots fundraising
209:Population over 35,000
603:"European Elections"
313:"Electoral Act 1997"
273:local electoral area
63:friends of Sinn Féin
923:Corporate donations
669:"Election Expenses"
649:. p. 17 §1.8.2
118:
627:. p. §3(b)(i)
389:The Irish Catholic
275:at previous census
116:
106:unconstitutionally
1055:Political funding
1042:
1041:
904:Political finance
822:McMenamin, Iain:
774:, pp. 272-3, 296.
692:"Local Elections"
432:McMenamin, Iain:
422:Questions 20, 24.
370:Irish Independent
234:
233:
125:Constituency size
91:Election expenses
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986:Party foundation
929:Follow the money
918:Campaign finance
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727:Questions 9, 10.
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29:general election
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784:pp. 277, 280.
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699:. Retrieved
695:
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673:. Retrieved
663:
651:. Retrieved
636:
629:. Retrieved
624:
610:. Retrieved
606:
596:
584:. Retrieved
574:
565:
558:. Retrieved
554:
544:
532:. Retrieved
527:
514:
510:
498:. Retrieved
493:
483:
472:
463:
452:
446:Question 19.
441:
433:
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417:
409:
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392:. Retrieved
388:
373:. Retrieved
369:
359:
347:. Retrieved
343:
333:
321:. Retrieved
316:
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141:Presidential
94:
85:
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67:Labour Party
47:
26:
16:
15:
1013:New Zealand
1008:Netherlands
394:13 February
375:13 February
349:13 February
323:13 February
246:Enforcement
151:200,000.00
54:Fianna Fáil
1049:Categories
959:By country
701:4 December
675:4 December
653:4 December
631:4 December
612:4 December
586:4 December
560:4 December
534:4 December
500:4 December
319:. Part III
283:References
237:Regulation
167:38,092.14
966:Australia
567:expenses.
288:Citations
183:8,700.00
58:Sinn Féin
157:European
145:National
135:limit €
128:Spending
82:Spending
993:Ireland
981:Germany
971:Austria
802:Sources
477:p. 275.
457:p. 271.
222:11,500
199:30,150
191:37,650
164:230,000
148:750,000
130:limit €
102:deposit
65:). The
61:donors(
50:Farrell
1018:Sweden
998:Israel
976:Canada
230:9,750
212:13,000
196:3-seat
188:4-seat
180:45,200
177:5-seat
1003:Japan
911:Terms
647:(PDF)
517:
259:Notes
205:Local
37:Renua
35:when
766:See
703:2019
677:2019
655:2019
633:2019
614:2019
588:2019
562:2019
536:2019
502:2019
396:2020
377:2020
351:2020
325:2020
250:The
173:Dáil
56:and
161:Any
1051::
694:.
640:;
635:.
623:.
618:;
605:.
564:.
553:.
526:.
492:.
387:.
381:;
368:.
342:.
315:.
931:"
927:"
896:e
889:t
882:v
705:.
679:.
657:.
616:.
590:.
538:.
504:.
398:.
379:.
353:.
327:.
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