Ireland - Knowledge

1615: 4192: 3556:, which supported agricultural practices that preserved hedgerow environments, are undergoing reforms. The Common Agricultural Policy had in the past subsidised potentially destructive agricultural practices, for example by emphasising production without placing limits on indiscriminate use of fertilisers and pesticides; but reforms have gradually decoupled subsidies from production levels and introduced environmental and other requirements. 32% of Ireland's greenhouse gas emissions are correlated to agriculture. Forested areas typically consist of monoculture plantations of non-native species, which may result in habitats that are not suitable for supporting native species of invertebrates. Natural areas require fencing to prevent over-grazing by 6665: 2049: 1081:

northern Iberia to western Scandinavia rather than substantially central European. In 2012, research showed that the occurrence of genetic markers for the earliest farmers was almost eliminated by Beaker-culture immigrants: they carried what was then a new Y-chromosome R1b marker, believed to have originated in Iberia about 2,500 BC. The prevalence amongst modern Irish men of this mutation is a remarkable 84%, the highest in the world, and closely matched in other populations along the Atlantic fringes down to Spain. A similar genetic replacement happened with lineages in mitochondrial DNA. This conclusion is supported by recent research carried out by the geneticist

2432: 4596: 1775: 3927: 3262: 1911: 18760: 2175: 552: 520: 2482: 5570: 4181: 3322: 2308: 3538: 3950: 3934: 4675: 1268: 3982: 100: 3966: 85: 6058: 4448: 3583: 1085:, who says: "British and Irish skeletons from the Bronze Age that followed the Beaker period had at most 10 per cent ancestry from the first farmers of these islands, with other 90 per cent from people like those associated with the Bell Beaker culture in the Netherlands." He suggests that it was Beaker users who introduced an Indo-European language, represented here by Celtic (i.e. a new language and culture introduced directly by migration and genetic replacement). 16560: 5790: 5492: 2726: 3470: 17005: 5959: 4901: 4148: 2835: 1018: 5167: 1719:, Irish Roman Catholics and Dissenters were increasingly deprived of various civil rights, even the ownership of hereditary property. Additional regressive punitive legislation followed in 1703, 1709 and 1728. This completed a comprehensive systemic effort to materially disadvantage Roman Catholics and Protestant Dissenters while enriching a new ruling class of Anglican conformists. The new Anglo-Irish ruling class became known as the 3871:, which killed roughly two-fifths of the island's population. The population rebounded and multiplied over the next century, but the Great Famine of the 1840s caused one million deaths and forced over one million more to emigrate in its immediate wake. Over the following century, the population was reduced by over half, at a time when the general trend in European countries was for populations to rise by an average of three-fold. 885:) forming between Ireland and Great Britain. By 14,000 BC this ice bridge existed only between Northern Ireland and Scotland and by 12,000 BC Ireland was completely separated from Great Britain. Later, around 6,100 BC, Great Britain became separated from continental Europe. Until recently, the earliest evidence of human activity in Ireland was dated at 12,500 years ago, demonstrated by a butchered bear bone found in a cave in 2599: 4137: 1455:, in recapturing his kingdom. In 1171, Henry arrived in Ireland in order to review the general progress of the expedition. He wanted to re-exert royal authority over the invasion which was expanding beyond his control. Henry successfully re-imposed his authority over Strongbow and the Cambro-Norman warlords and persuaded many of the Irish kings to accept him as their overlord, an arrangement confirmed in the 1175 1389: 14938: 1491: 1100: 3552:

rearing limits the space available for the establishment of native wild species. Hedgerows, however, traditionally used for maintaining and demarcating land boundaries, act as a refuge for native wild flora. This ecosystem stretches across the countryside and acts as a network of connections to preserve remnants of the ecosystem that once covered the island. Subsidies under the

6189:), a growing amount of commercial activity is carried out on an all-Ireland basis. This has been facilitated by the two jurisdictions' former shared membership of the European Union, and there have been calls from members of the business community and policymakers for the creation of an "all-Ireland economy" to take advantage of 1748:. An estimated 250,000 people (about one in eight of the population) died from the ensuing pestilence and disease. The Irish government halted export of corn and kept the army in quarters but did little more. Local gentry and charitable organisations provided relief but could do little to prevent the ensuing mortality. 1056:, a medieval Christian pseudo-history of Ireland, along with the presence of Celtic culture, language and artefacts found in Ireland such as Celtic bronze spears, shields, torcs and other finely crafted Celtic associated possessions. The theory holds that there were four separate Celtic invasions of Ireland. The 4546:

plantations gave it a permanent foothold in Ulster, and it remained the official and upper-class language elsewhere, the Irish-speaking chieftains and nobility having been deposed. Language shift during the 19th century replaced Irish with English as the first language for a vast majority of the population.

2009:". Unionists, especially those located in Ulster, were strongly opposed to Home Rule, which they thought would be dominated by Catholic interests. After several attempts to pass a Home Rule bill through parliament, it looked certain that one would finally pass in 1914. To prevent this from happening, the 5803:

Horse racing and greyhound racing are both popular in Ireland. There are frequent horse race meetings and greyhound stadiums are well-attended. The island is noted for the breeding and training of race horses and is also a large exporter of racing dogs. The horse racing sector is largely concentrated

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has played a significant role in the cultural life of the island since ancient times (and since the 17th century plantations, has been the focus of political identity and divisions on the island). Ireland's pre-Christian heritage fused with the Celtic Church following the missions of Saint Patrick in

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Precipitation falls throughout the year but is light overall, particularly in the east. The west tends to be wetter on average and prone to Atlantic storms, especially in the late autumn and winter months. These occasionally bring destructive winds and higher total rainfall to these areas, as well as

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The passage of the Act in the Irish Parliament was ultimately achieved with substantial majorities, having failed on the first attempt in 1799. According to contemporary documents and historical analysis, this was achieved through a considerable degree of bribery, with funding provided by the British

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between Ireland and large areas of continental Europe, in contrast to parts of the Y-chromosome pattern. When taking both into account, a study concluded that modern Celtic speakers in Ireland could be thought of as European "Atlantic Celts" showing a shared ancestry throughout the Atlantic zone from

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incorporated elements of Irish traditional music into contemporary rock music and, during the 1970s and 1980s, the distinction between traditional and rock musicians became blurred, with many individuals regularly crossing over between these styles of playing. This trend can be seen more recently in

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has seen large-scale immigration, with 420,000 foreign nationals as of 2006, about 10% of the population. Nearly a quarter of births (24 percent) in 2009 were to mothers born outside of Ireland. Up to 50,000 eastern and central European migrant workers left Ireland in response to the Irish financial

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The population of Ireland collapsed dramatically during the second half of the 19th century. A population of over eight million in 1841 was reduced to slightly over four million by 1921. In part, the fall in population was caused by death from the Great Famine of 1845 to 1852, which took roughly one

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provides for co-operation between the Government of Ireland and the Government of the United Kingdom on all matters of mutual interest, especially Northern Ireland. In light of the Republic's particular interest in the governance of Northern Ireland, "regular and frequent" meetings co-chaired by the

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to build upon inroads to greater sovereignty made by the previous government. The oath was abolished and in 1937 a new constitution was adopted. This completed a process of gradual separation from the British Empire that governments had pursued since independence. However, it was not until 1949 that

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energy, this source of heat is still widely used in rural areas. However, because of the ecological importance of peatlands in storing carbon and their rarity, the EU is attempting to protect this habitat by fining Ireland for digging up peat. In cities, heat is generally supplied by natural gas or

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Music has been in evidence in Ireland since prehistoric times. Although in the early Middle Ages the church was "quite unlike its counterpart in continental Europe", there was a considerable interchange between monastic settlements in Ireland and the rest of Europe that contributed to what is known

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Modernisation brought secularisation in its wake. The traditionally high levels of religiosity have sharply declined. Foster points to three factors: First, Irish feminism, largely imported from America with liberal stances on contraception, abortion and divorce, undermined the authority of bishops

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made arrests based on surveillance carried out on the key diplomatic legations in Dublin. To the authorities, counterintelligence was a fundamental line of defence. With a regular army of only slightly over seven thousand men at the start of the war, and with limited supplies of modern weapons, the

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of 1845–1851 devastated Ireland, as in those years Ireland's population fell by one-third. More than one million people died from starvation and disease, with an additional million people emigrating during the famine, mostly to the United States and Canada. In the century that followed, an economic

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The GDP of the Republic of Ireland as of 2021 was €423.5 billion (nominal), and in Northern Ireland in 2021, it was £52 billion (GVA Balanced). The GDP per capita in the Republic of Ireland was €84,049.9 (nominal) as of 2021, and in Northern Ireland 2021 was £27,154 (GVA Balanced). The Republic of

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that are now being produced across the country. An example of this new cuisine is "Dublin Lawyer": lobster cooked in whiskey and cream. The potato remains however a fundamental feature of this cuisine and the Irish remain the highest per capita consumers of potatoes in Europe. Traditional regional

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has won gold in every European and World championship since 2005. In August 2012 at the Olympic Games in London, Taylor created history by becoming the first Irish woman to win a gold medal in boxing in the 60 kg lightweight. More recently, Kellie Harrington won a gold medal at the 2020 Tokyo

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In 1950, FIFA directed the associations only to select players from within their respective territories and, in 1953, directed that the FAI's team be known only as "Republic of Ireland" and that the IFA's team be known as "Northern Ireland" (with certain exceptions). Northern Ireland qualified for

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that began in 2008 dramatically ended this period of boom. GDP fell by 3% in 2008 and by 7.1% in 2009, the worst year since records began (although earnings by foreign-owned businesses continued to grow). The state has since experienced deep recession, with unemployment, which doubled during 2009,

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in Belfast being Ireland's oldest club. It was most popular, especially in its first decades, around Belfast and in Ulster. However, some clubs based outside Belfast thought that the IFA largely favoured Ulster-based clubs in such matters as selection for the national team. In 1921, following an

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The long history of agricultural production, coupled with modern intensive agricultural methods such as pesticide and fertiliser use and runoff from contaminants into streams, rivers and lakes, has placed pressure on biodiversity in Ireland. A land of green fields for crop cultivation and cattle

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Although Northern Ireland was largely spared the strife of the civil war, in the decades that followed partition there were sporadic episodes of inter-communal violence. Nationalists, mainly Roman Catholic, wanted to unite Ireland as an independent republic, whereas unionists, mainly Protestant,

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The theory was advanced in part because of the lack of archaeological evidence for large-scale Celtic immigration, though it is accepted that such movements are notoriously difficult to identify. Historical linguists are skeptical that this method alone could account for the absorption of Celtic

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Fewer than 2% of the population of the Republic of Ireland today speak Irish on a daily basis, and under 10% regularly, outside of the education system and 38% of those over 15 years are classified as "Irish speakers". In Northern Ireland, English is the de facto official language, but official

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argues the cause was a combination of a new sense of initiative and the entry of American corporations. He concludes the chief factors were low taxation, pro-business regulatory policies, and a young, tech-savvy workforce. For many multinationals, the decision to do business in Ireland was made

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British Isles: A geographical term taken to mean Great Britain, Ireland and some or all of the adjacent islands such as Orkney, Shetland and the Isle of Man. The phrase is best avoided, given its (understandable) unpopularity in the Irish Republic. Alternatives adopted by some publications are

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Food and cuisine in Ireland take their influence from the crops grown and animals farmed in the island's temperate climate and from the social and political circumstances of Irish history. For example, whilst from the Middle Ages until the arrival of the potato in the 16th century the dominant

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Although for most of their existence electricity networks in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland were entirely separate, the island has operated for some time as a single market for electricity. Both networks were designed and constructed independently post-partition but they are now

4973:(1742) being among the highlights of the baroque era. In the 19th century, public concerts provided access to classical music to all classes of society. Yet, for political and financial reasons Ireland has been too small to provide a living to many musicians, so the names of the better-known 5996:

The introduction of the potato in the second half of the 16th century heavily influenced cuisine thereafter. Great poverty encouraged a subsistence approach to food, and by the mid-19th century, the vast majority of the population sufficed with a diet of potatoes and milk. A typical family,

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and dance have seen a surge in popularity and global coverage since the 1960s. In the middle years of the 20th century, as Irish society was modernising, traditional music had fallen out of favour, especially in urban areas. However during the 1960s, there was a revival of interest in Irish

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and priests. Second, the mishandling of the paedophile scandals humiliated the Church, whose bishops seemed less concerned with the victims and more concerned with covering up for errant priests. Third, prosperity brought hedonism and materialism that undercut the ideals of saintly poverty.

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was first introduced during the Norman invasion. It was spoken by a few peasants and merchants brought over from England and was largely replaced by Irish before the Tudor conquest of Ireland. It was introduced as the official language during the Tudor and Cromwellian conquests. The Ulster

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is an institution through which ministers from the Government of Ireland and the Northern Ireland Executive agree all-island policies. At least six of these policy areas must have an associated all-island "implementation body," and at least six others must be implemented separately in each

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of the late 19th and early 20th centuries had a long-term influence. Irish is taught in mainstream Irish schools as a compulsory subject, but teaching methods have been criticised for their ineffectiveness, with most students showing little evidence of fluency even after fourteen years of

1180:. Ptolemy records sixteen nations inhabiting every part of Ireland in 100 AD. The relationship between the Roman Empire and the kingdoms of ancient Ireland is unclear. However, a number of finds of Roman coins have been made, for example at the Iron Age settlement of Freestone Hill near 6410:

Prior to partition in 1921, Ireland had a long history as an economic colony – first, partially, of the Norse, via their cities (9th to 10th centuries CE), and later, to varying extents, of polities related to England. Though the climate and soil favoured certain forms of agriculture,

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By the end of the 15th century, central English authority in Ireland had all but disappeared, and a renewed Irish culture and language, albeit with Norman influences, was again dominant. English Crown control remained relatively unshaken in an amorphous foothold around Dublin known as

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tradition collapsed in the face of the new religion. Irish Christian scholars excelled in the study of Latin and Greek learning and Christian theology. In the monastic culture that followed the Christianisation of Ireland, Latin and Greek learning was preserved in Ireland during the

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portrays an almost unbroken sequence of high kings stretching back thousands of years, but some modern historians believe the scheme was constructed in the 8th century to justify the status of powerful political groupings by projecting the origins of their rule into the remote past.

1072:) were said to have reached Ireland from either northern Iberia or southern Gaul. It was claimed that a second wave named the Euerni, belonging to the Belgae people of northern Gaul, began arriving about the sixth century BC. They were said to have given their name to the island. 5452:

The island fields a single international team in most sports. One notable exception to this is association football, although both associations continued to field international teams under the name "Ireland" until the 1950s. The sport is also the most notable exception where the

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The two official languages of the Republic of Ireland are Irish and English. Each language has produced noteworthy literature. Irish, though now only the language of a minority, was the vernacular of the Irish people for thousands of years and was possibly introduced during the

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lives. As of 2006, 4.3 million Canadians, or 14% of the population, were of Irish descent, while around one-third of the Australian population had an element of Irish descent. As of 2013, there were 40 million Irish-Americans and 33 million Americans who claimed Irish ancestry.

5981:(known as rashers) and the eating of salted butter (i.e. a dairy product rather than beef itself) have been a central feature of the diet in Ireland since the Middle Ages. The practice of bleeding cattle and mixing the blood with milk and butter (not unlike the practice of the 11409: 1727: 6028:

Since the last quarter of the 20th century, with a re-emergence of wealth in Ireland, a "New Irish Cuisine" based on traditional ingredients incorporating international influences has emerged. This cuisine is based on fresh vegetables, fish (especially salmon, trout,

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in Europe, with the earliest examples dating from the 6th century. Irish remained the dominant literary language down to the nineteenth century, despite the spread of English from the seventeenth century on. Prominent names from the medieval period and later include

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language, with some saying that an assumed processual view of Celtic linguistic formation is 'an especially hazardous exercise'. Genetic lineage investigation into the area of Celtic migration to Ireland has led to findings that showed no significant differences in

4558:, which are spoken by roughly 2% of Northern Ireland residents, and also spoken by some in the Republic of Ireland. Since the 1960s with the increase in immigration, many more languages have been introduced, particularly deriving from Asia and Eastern Europe. 1744:" struck Ireland and the rest of Europe between December 1739 and September 1741, after a decade of relatively mild winters. The winters destroyed stored crops of potatoes and other staples, and the poor summers severely damaged harvests. This resulted in the 989:

How and when the island became Celtic has been debated for close to a century, with the migrations of the Celts being one of the more enduring themes of archaeological and linguistic studies. The most recent genetic research strongly associates the spread of

1682:) are estimated to include 20,000 battlefield casualties. 200,000 civilians are estimated to have died as a result of a combination of war-related famine, displacement, guerrilla activity and pestilence throughout the war. A further 50,000 were sent into 2239:

Large-scale emigration marked most of the post-WWII period (particularly during the 1950s and 1980s), but beginning in 1987 the economy improved, and the 1990s saw the beginning of substantial economic growth. This period of growth became known as the

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in 2007–2010, international rugby and soccer were played there. All GAA players, even at the highest level, are amateurs, receiving no wages, although they are permitted to receive a limited amount of sport-related income from commercial sponsorship.

3493:, is commonly found growing in the uplands and ferns are plentiful in the more moist regions, especially in the western parts. It is home to hundreds of plant species, some of them unique to the island, and has been "invaded" by some grasses, such as 1694:

estimated that 504,000 Catholic Irish and 112,000 Protestant settlers died, and 100,000 people were transported, as a result of the war. If a prewar population of 1.5 million is assumed, this would mean that the population was reduced by almost half.

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counter-protests. The government's reaction to confrontations was seen to be one-sided and heavy-handed in favour of unionists. Law and order broke down as unrest and inter-communal violence increased. The Northern Ireland government requested the

5271:, a physicist and mathematician, made innovations in the understanding of electricity, dynamics, thermodynamics and the electron theory of matter. His most influential work was Aether and Matter, a book on theoretical physics published in 1900. 1759:

was repealed, giving Ireland legislative independence from Great Britain for the first time since 1495. The British government, however, still retained the right to nominate the government of Ireland without the consent of the Irish parliament.

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A 16th-century perception of Irish women and girls, illustrated in the manuscript "Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel". Painted by

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in particular, have popular surfing beaches, being fully exposed to the Atlantic Ocean. Donegal Bay is shaped like a funnel and catches west/south-west Atlantic winds, creating good surf, especially in winter. Since just before the year 2010,

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The substance of the Agreement (formally referred to as the Belfast Agreement) was later endorsed by referendums in both parts of Ireland. The Agreement restored self-government to Northern Ireland on the basis of power-sharing in a regional

6657:, County Dublin. Supplies come from the Corrib Gas Field, off the coast of County Mayo, with a supply previously also coming from the Kinsale gas field off the County Cork coast. The County Mayo field faces some localised opposition over 11376: 2991:

sometimes snow and hail. The regions of north County Galway and east County Mayo have the highest incidents of recorded lightning annually for the island, with lightning occurring approximately five to ten days per year in these areas.

2769:, in France. Ireland has a total area of 84,421 km (32,595 sq mi), of which the Republic of Ireland occupies 83 percent. Ireland and Great Britain, together with many nearby smaller islands, are known collectively as the 10090: 11406: 5405:

is the most popular sport in Ireland in terms of match attendance and community involvement, with about 2,600 clubs on the island. In 2003 it represented 34% of total sports attendances at events in Ireland and abroad, followed by

732:, which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades until it declared a republic in 1948 ( Republic of Ireland Act, 1948) and Northern Ireland, which remained a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much 3351:

bogs and a variety of coastal habitats. However, agriculture drives current land use patterns in Ireland, limiting natural habitat preserves, particularly for larger wild mammals with greater territorial needs. With no large

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is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate, and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant.

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consisting of a man, a woman and four children, would eat 18 stone (110 kg) of potatoes per week. Consequently, dishes that are considered as national dishes represent a fundamental simplicity to cooking, such as the

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Proportion of respondents to the Ireland census 2011 or the Northern Ireland census 2011 who stated they were Catholic. Areas in which Catholics are in the majority are blue. Areas in which Catholics are in a minority are

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are less so. Aquatic wildlife, such as species of sea turtle, shark, seal, whale, and dolphin, are common off the coast. About 400 species of birds have been recorded in Ireland. Many of these are migratory, including the

1907:, partly because it lacked coal and iron resources and partly because of the impact of the sudden union with the structurally superior economy of England, which saw Ireland as a source of agricultural produce and capital. 7075: 2028:

was passed. The Act was passed but with the "temporary" exclusion of the six counties of Ulster, which later became Northern Ireland. Before it could be implemented, however, the Act was suspended for the duration of the

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The 2022 population of the Republic of Ireland was 5,123,536 and that of Northern Ireland in 2021 was 1,903,100. These are Census data from the official governmental statistics agencies in the respective jurisdictions:

2296:, and until 1972 was a self-governing jurisdiction within the United Kingdom with its own parliament and prime minister. Northern Ireland, as part of the United Kingdom, was not neutral during the Second World War, and 8893: 2458:

The Republic of Ireland is a member state of the European Union while the United Kingdom is a former member state, having both acceded to its precursor entity, the European Economic Community (EEC), in 1973 but the UK

4512:). It has been argued that they tend to be more highly educated than monolingual English speakers. Recent research suggests that urban Irish is developing in a direction of its own, both in pronunciation and grammar. 4503:

There is now a growing population of urban Irish speakers in both the Republic and Northern Ireland, especially in Dublin and Belfast, with the children of such Irish speakers sometimes attending Irish-medium schools

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which exercise devolved powers. The executive is jointly headed by the first and deputy first minister, with the ministries being allocated in proportion to each party's representation in the assembly. Its capital is

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drawn from the unionist and nationalist parties. Violence had decreased greatly after the Provisional IRA and loyalist ceasefires in 1994 and in 2005 the Provisional IRA announced the end of its armed campaign and an

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inherited the crown of England and retained the Lordship of Ireland. Over the century that followed, Norman feudal law gradually replaced the Gaelic Brehon Law across large areas, so that by the late 13th century the

7455: 2071:. The British response, executing fifteen leaders of the Rising over a period of ten days and imprisoning or interning more than a thousand people, turned the mood of the country in favour of the rebels. Support for 6264:

Below is a comparison of the goods being sold and purchased between Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom, compared with the goods being exported and imported between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland:

2220:, particularly in the potential defence of Northern Ireland. Despite their country's neutrality, approximately 50,000 volunteers from independent Ireland joined the British forces during the war, four being awarded 5562:). However, both the IFA and FAI continued to select their teams from the whole of Ireland, with some players earning international caps for matches with both teams. Both also referred to their respective teams as 8886:"Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel par Luc Dheere peintre et sculpteur Gantois[manuscript]" 1583:

in 1367. These were a set of laws designed to prevent the assimilation of the Normans into Irish society by requiring English subjects in Ireland to speak English, follow English customs and abide by English law.

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The Assembly and power-sharing Executive were suspended several times but were restored again in 2007. In that year the British government officially ended its military support of the police in Northern Ireland

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The religious struggles of the 17th century left a deep sectarian division in Ireland. Religious allegiance now determined the perception in law of loyalty to the Irish King and Parliament. After the passing of

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is increasingly popular in Ireland with clear waters and large populations of sea life, particularly along the western seaboard. There are also many shipwrecks along the coast of Ireland, with some of the best

3458:, and only 2% is native woodland. The average woodland cover of European countries is over 33%. In the Republic, about 389,356 hectares (3,893.56 km) is owned by the state, mainly by the forestry service 2261:

membership was helpful, giving the country lucrative access to markets that it had previously reached only through the United Kingdom, and pumping huge subsidies and investment capital into the Irish economy.

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in August. Harrington became the first European to win the PGA Championship in 78 years and was the first winner from Ireland. Three golfers from Northern Ireland have been particularly successful. In 2010,

5513:(GAA), with the exception of women's Gaelic football and camogie (women's variant of hurling), which are governed by separate organisations. The headquarters of the GAA (and the main stadium) is located at 9203: 4951:, in particular, was of such significance that it became Ireland's national symbol. Classical music following European models first developed in urban areas, in establishments of Anglo-Irish rule such as 4479:

from the 10th to 13th century, Early Modern Irish until the 17th century, and the Modern Irish spoken today. It remained the dominant language of Ireland for most of those periods, having influences from

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from the 5th century onwards. During this period Ireland was divided into many petty kingships under provincial kingships (Cúige "fifth" of the traditional provinces) vying for dominance and the title of

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of the 1930s, sales of Irish whiskey worldwide fell to a mere 2% by the mid-20th century. In 1953, an Irish government survey, found that 50% of whiskey drinkers in the United States had never heard of

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had established a feudal system throughout much of Ireland. Norman settlements were characterised by the establishment of baronies, manors, towns and the seeds of the modern county system. A version of

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Other sporting activities with the highest levels of playing participation include swimming, golf, aerobics, cycling, and billiards/snooker. Many other sports are also played and followed, including

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In the aftermath of the famine, an increase in industrial production and a surge in trade brought a succession of construction booms. The population soared in the latter part of this century and the

11477: 2378:" began. More than 3,600 deaths resulted over the subsequent three decades of conflict. Owing to the civil unrest during the Troubles, the British government suspended home rule in 1972 and imposed 1505:

further encouraged Henry to advance the integration of the Irish Church with Rome. Henry was authorised to impose a tithe of one penny per hearth as an annual contribution. This church levy, called

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million lives. The remaining decline of around three million was due to the entrenched culture of emigration caused by the dire economic state of the country, lasting until the late 20th century.

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connected with three interlinks and are also connected through Great Britain to mainland Europe. The situation in Northern Ireland is complicated by the issue of private companies not supplying

1939:. Mass emigration became deeply entrenched and the population continued to decline until the mid-20th century. Immediately prior to the famine the population was recorded as 8.2 million by the 9699: 6135:, is typically associated with Ireland, although historically it was more closely associated with London. Porter remains very popular, although it has lost sales since the mid-20th century to 10098: 4740:) was an outstanding poet in the oral tradition. The latter part of the nineteenth century saw a rapid replacement of Irish by English. By 1900, however, cultural nationalists had begun the 12580:"Initiative's latest ViewerTrack study shows that in Ireland GAA and soccer still dominate the sporting arena, while globally the Superbowl (sic) was the most watched sporting event of 2005" 5970:

feature of the Irish economy was the herding of cattle, the number of cattle a person owned was equated to their social standing. Thus herders would avoid slaughtering a milk-producing cow.

11789: 10923: 7148: 6073:(who sold poor-quality whiskey bearing Irish-sounding names thus eroding the pre-prohibition popularity for Irish brands) and tariffs on Irish whiskey across the British Empire during the 2987:, avoiding the extremes in temperature of many other areas in the world at similar latitudes. This is a result of the moist winds which ordinarily prevail from the southwestern Atlantic. 1805:

was put down by British and Irish government and yeomanry forces. The rebellion lasted from the 24th of May to the 12th of October that year and saw the establishment of the short lived

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The algal and seaweed flora is that of the cold-temperate variety. The total number of species is 574 The island has been invaded by some algae, some of which are now well established.

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for local governmental purposes, but, as in the Republic, their traditional boundaries are still used for informal purposes such as sports leagues and in cultural or tourism contexts.

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is a joint parliamentary forum for the island of Ireland. It has no formal powers but operates as a forum for discussing matters of common concern between the respective legislatures.

7269: 4087:, is the largest city on the island. Belfast, with 579,726 residents, is the largest city in Northern Ireland. City status does not directly equate with population size. For example, 4040:

is often used as a synonym for Northern Ireland, although the two are not coterminous. In the Republic of Ireland, counties form the basis of the system of local government. Counties

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The earliest known Irish graphic art and sculpture are Neolithic carvings found at sites such as Newgrange and is traced through Bronze Age artefacts and the religious carvings and

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have been broken up into smaller administrative areas. However, they are still treated as counties for cultural and some official purposes, for example, postal addresses and by the

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All of the Irish kingdoms had their own kings but were nominally subject to the high king. The high king was drawn from the ranks of the provincial kings and ruled also the royal

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Ireland once dominated the world's market for whiskey, producing 90% of the world's whiskey at the start of the 20th century. However, as a consequence of bootleggers during the

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and sheep that roam over uncultivated areas. Grazing in this manner is one of the main factors preventing the natural regeneration of forests across many regions of the country.

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from northern Gaul and Britain. Later, Laighin tribes from Armorica (present-day Brittany) were said to have invaded Ireland and Britain more or less simultaneously. Lastly, the

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extending inland. Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature. Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the

18211: 5546:

semi-final replay from Dublin to Belfast, Dublin-based clubs broke away to form the Football Association of the Irish Free State. Today the southern association is known as the

13835: 8863: 1191:

Ireland continued as a patchwork of rival kingdoms; however, beginning in the 7th century, a concept of national kingship gradually became articulated through the concept of a

8885: 3356:

in Ireland other than humans and dogs, such populations of animals as semi-wild deer that cannot be controlled by smaller predators, such as the fox, are controlled by annual

12977: 9341: 7016: 6089:

American broadcaster, remains popular domestically and has grown in international sales steadily over a few decades. Typically CNBC states Irish whiskey is not as smoky as a

4640:

These can be seen in the ornamentation of medieval religious and secular works. The style is still popular today in jewellery and graphic art, as is the distinctive style of

14087: 10483: 7447: 4422:

With growing prosperity since the last decade of the 20th century, Ireland became a destination for immigrants. Since the European Union expanded to include Poland in 2004,

14214: 12547: 7328: 3897:. About 4% of the Republic's population and about 14% of the Northern Ireland population describe themselves as of no religion. In a 2010 survey conducted on behalf of the 16527: 4426:

have comprised the largest number of immigrants (over 150,000) from Central Europe. There has also been significant immigration from Lithuania, Czech Republic and Latvia.

2700:

Irish Minister for Foreign Affairs and the British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, dealing with non-devolved matters to do with Northern Ireland and non-devolved

11711: 11617: 10458: 2636:, from which Northern Ireland has gone through intermittent periods of direct rule during which devolved powers have been suspended. Northern Ireland elects 18 of the UK 910:, domesticated animals such as cattle and sheep, built large timber buildings, and stone monuments. The earliest evidence for farming in Ireland or Great Britain is from 16965: 14059: 11435: 12732: 11755: 11738: 4128: 13775: 11212: 1247:, arrived the following year. There is continued debate over the missions of Palladius and Patrick, but the consensus is that they both took place and that the older 748:(EU) in 2020. Northern Ireland was granted a limited special status and allowed to operate within the EU single market for goods without being in the European Union. 11513: 5831:

won gold at the 2006 World Indoor Championship in Moscow. Olive Loughnane won a silver medal in the 20k walk at the World Athletics Championships in Berlin in 2009.

7709: 6712:

as unsightly. The Republic is hindered by an ageing network that was not designed to handle the varying availability of power that comes from wind farms. The ESB's

5989:, made from blood, grain (usually barley) and seasoning, remains a breakfast staple in Ireland. All of these influences can be seen today in the phenomenon of the " 10998:

Guiry, M. D.; Nic Dhonncha, E. N. (2001). "The Marine Macroalgae of Ireland: Biodiversity and Distribution in Marine Biodiversity in Ireland and Adjacent Waters".

3591:

The population of Ireland is just over 7 million, of which approximately 5.1 million reside in the Republic of Ireland and 1.9 million reside in Northern Ireland.

2464: 15378: 14184: 12706: 12226: 16475: 15398: 12425: 10216: 9187: 8231: 2408: 2193:

During its first decade, the newly formed Irish Free State was governed by the victors of the civil war. When de Valera achieved power, he took advantage of the

1571:, Norman settlements in Ireland went into a period of decline. The Norman rulers and the Gaelic Irish elites intermarried and the areas under Norman rule became 7200: 6987: 6626:

has failed to modernise its power stations, and the availability of power plants has recently averaged only 66%, one of the worst such rates in Western Europe.

14148: 13708: 9685: 8015: 6708:

in Cork, Donegal, Mayo and Antrim. The construction of wind farms has in some cases been delayed by opposition from local communities, some of whom regard the

5672:. Irish rugby has become increasingly competitive at both the international and provincial levels since the sport went professional in 1994. During that time, 5509:

Gaelic football, hurling and Gaelic handball are the best-known Irish traditional sports, collectively known as Gaelic games. Gaelic games are governed by the

15495: 13220: 12333: 7418: 10417: 13544: 1424:, known as 'Strongbow' owing to his prowess as an archer. The invasion, which coincided with a period of renewed Norman expansion, was at the invitation of 652:. Today, woodland makes up about 10% of the island, compared with a European average of over 33%, with most of it being non-native conifer plantations. The 11648: 11467: 7935: 7545: 14374: 13679: 12617: 3893:

is growing in Ireland, mostly through increased immigration, with a 50% increase in the republic between the 2006 and 2011 census. The island has a small

1475:, in 1155. The document apparently encouraged Henry to take control in Ireland in order to oversee the financial and administrative reorganisation of the 12299: 11054: 10522: 5503: 4551: 1884:

Secret Service Office, and the awarding of peerages, places and honours to secure votes. Thus, the parliament in Ireland was abolished and replaced by a

14262: 12587: 5944:

continues to increase its profile. Sea angling is developed with many beaches mapped and signposted, and the range of sea angling species is around 80.

5537:(IFA) was originally the governing body for soccer across the island. The game has been played in an organised fashion in Ireland since the 1870s, with 4492:

and English. It declined under British rule but remained the majority tongue until the early 19th century, and since then has been a minority language.

4414:

Emigration from Ireland in the 19th century contributed to the populations of England, the United States, Canada and Australia, in all of which a large

2663:

As part of the Good Friday Agreement, the British and Irish governments agreed on the creation of all-island institutions and areas of cooperation. The

16480: 11921: 11235: 9780: 7238: 5418:

is the most watched event in the sporting calendar. Soccer is the most widely played team game on the island and the most popular in Northern Ireland.

3029:. Temperatures fell as low as −17.2 °C (1 °F) in County Mayo on 20 December and up to a metre (3 ft) of snow fell in mountainous areas. 3026: 11836: 8982: 4655:

England and the Frankish Empire. These missions brought written language to an illiterate population of Europe during the Dark Ages that followed the

15491: 11154: 9679: 9318: 6940: 3394:

Ireland is now one of the least forested countries in Europe. Until the end of the Middle Ages, Ireland was heavily forested. Native species include

13073: 6355:

Below is a comparison of the monthly cost of living and average wage after tax in Northern Ireland versus those in the Republic of Ireland in 2023:

4696:

Ireland has made a substantial contribution to world literature in all its branches, both in Irish and English. Poetry in Irish is among the oldest

14318: 13984:

It was inevitable that the depression of agriculture which followed the repeal should fall with greater severity on Ireland than on Great Britain.

13125: 4606:

Ireland's culture comprises elements of the culture of ancient peoples, later immigrant and broadcast cultural influences (chiefly Gaelic culture,

14713: 11800: 10903: 10246: 9473: 9156: 6905:"The Relative Lengths of Seashore Substrata Around the Coastline of Ireland as Determined by Digital Methods in a Geographical Information System" 3878:, representing over 73% of the island (and about 87% of the Republic of Ireland). Most of the rest of the population adhere to one of the various 2144:

and make a statement of faithfulness to the king. Disagreements over these provisions led to a split in the nationalist movement and a subsequent

16337: 13189: 10599: 8627: 7144: 6176: 5482: 2304:

was not extended to Northern Ireland, and roughly an equal number volunteered from Northern Ireland as volunteered from the Republic of Ireland.

14296: 11456:"Rank of States for Selected Ancestry Groups with 100,000 or more persons: 1980" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 November 2012. 10295:

The British Isles are the islands of North-Western Europe comprising all of the UK, the Irish Republic, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.

8942:'lave-hunts' certainly happened, though their extent has been exaggerated; there were probably 12,000 Irish in the West Indies by the late 1600s 7988: 7659: 4803:, though they spent most of their lives in England. The Anglo-Irish novel came to the fore in the nineteenth century, featuring such writers as 18959: 12755: 11874: 10839: 8750: 8340: 7207: 5883:

at Royal St. George's. In August 2012, McIlroy won his 2nd major championship by winning the USPGA Championship by a record margin of 8 shots.

2696: 13163: 12946: 12824: 11955: 7811: 6867: 4460:. It began to be written down after Christianisation in the 5th century and spread to Scotland and the Isle of Man, where it evolved into the 15557: 13043: 12502: 12455: 10346: 10135: 10039: 9560: 9288: 6705: 4429: 2761:, which has a width of 23 kilometres (14 mi) at its narrowest point. To the west is the northern Atlantic Ocean and to the south is the 957:

began around 2,500 BC, with technology changing people's everyday lives during this period through innovations such as the wheel, harnessing

14118: 12924: 10009: 7266: 5080:

of the medieval period. During the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, a strong tradition of painting emerged, including such figures as

3594:

People have lived in Ireland for over 9,000 years. Early historical and genealogical records note the existence of major groups such as the

1487:, and there is no general agreement as to whether the bull was genuine or a forgery. Further, it had no standing in the Irish legal system. 19071: 16509: 13126:"Séamus Brennan, Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism comments on victory by Padraig Harrington in the 2007 British Open Golf Championship" 11032: 14437: 10881: 10704: 1715:, Roman Catholics and nonconforming Protestant Dissenters were barred from sitting as members in the Irish Parliament. Under the emerging 141: 19249: 19127: 15676: 15100: 15012: 14438:"Options For Future Renewable Energy Policy, Targets And Programmes issued by Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources" 13646: 13095: 8561: 7652:"The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland" 2708: 2327:

wanted Northern Ireland to remain in the United Kingdom. The Protestant and Catholic communities in Northern Ireland voted largely along

2132:. It gave Ireland complete independence in its home affairs and practical independence for foreign policy, but an opt-out clause allowed 1877: 1859: 1756: 1593: 717: 13952:

All agricultural produce in Ireland , in fact, outperformed that of other European countries (it was twice that of France, for example).

11552: 11098: 10763: 9748: 8144: 5185:, an Irish explorer, was one of the principal figures of Antarctic exploration. He, along with his expedition, made the first ascent of 1662:

This control was consolidated during the wars and conflicts of the 17th century, including the English and Scottish colonisation in the

19081: 16523: 13741: 12646: 7856: 7295: 5755: 5454: 3997: 10968: 10191: 8101: 5351:

made progress in different fields of science, including mechanics and geometrical methods in general relativity. He had mathematician

4099: 18696: 16663: 16634: 15444: 15322: 13842: 11124: 9923: 8851: 8594: 5255:, he was the first to split the nucleus of the atom by artificial means and made contributions to the development of a new theory of 4107: 2758: 1340:

that was already deep-seated in Ireland. The Vikings were involved in establishing most of the major coastal settlements in Ireland:

586: 13810: 13009: 10736: 9851: 9351: 7597: 7169: 5920:

With thousands of lakes, over 14,000 kilometres (8,700 mi) of fish-bearing rivers and over 7,500 kilometres (4,660 mi) of

4651:

the fifth century. The Hiberno-Scottish missions, begun by the Irish monk Saint Columba, spread the Irish vision of Christianity to

3926: 633:

is just over 7 million, with 5.1 million living in the Republic of Ireland and 1.9 million in Northern Ireland, ranking it the

18964: 16342: 14978: 12984: 12790: 12008: 11922:"Table 15: Irish speakers aged 3 years and over in each Province, County and City, classified by frequency of speaking Irish, 2006" 11324: 10068: 7628: 7012: 5518: 5486: 4036:. The six counties that constitute Northern Ireland are all in the province of Ulster (which has nine counties in total). As such, 2403: 1967: 1813:. It saw numerous battles across the island with an estimated 30,000 dead with some listed below (for full list see main article.) 1215:

and even then was not a consistent one. Ireland did have a culturally unifying rule of law: the early written judicial system, the

14095: 12395: 7542: 18793: 18716: 18706: 16514: 15538: 15327: 14206: 12554: 11585: 7320: 5522: 5517:

in north Dublin and has a capacity of 82,500. Many major GAA games are played there, including the semi-finals and finals of the

5458: 3573: 2602: 1479:

and its integration into the Roman Church system. Some restructuring had already begun at the ecclesiastical level following the

7746: 2911:

limestone over the centre of the country, giving rise to a comparatively fertile and lush landscape. The west-coast district of

2339:. Over time, the minority Catholic community felt increasingly alienated with further disaffection fuelled by practices such as 2045:

in the war. A minority, approximately 13,000, retained the Irish Volunteers' name and opposed Ireland's involvement in the war.

18736: 18721: 18711: 15688: 15572: 15232: 14236: 11701: 11607: 10447: 2681: 2637: 1966:. O'Connell spearheaded a vigorous campaign that was taken up by the Prime Minister, the Irish-born soldier and statesman, the 1421: 634: 13922:(1998). "Peel, rotten potatoes, and providence: the repeal of the Corn Laws and the irish Famine". In Marrison, Andrew (ed.). 12888: 10645: 9012: 8825: 4451:

Proportion of respondents who said they could speak Irish in the Ireland census in 2011 or the Northern Ireland census in 2011

19091: 18726: 17110: 16490: 15521: 14919: 14884: 14843: 14802: 14764: 14736: 14696: 14643: 14622: 14597: 14555: 14523: 14493: 14056: 14004: 13933: 13640: 13583: 13502: 13471: 13440: 13409: 13314: 12366: 12267: 12166: 12139: 12117: 11988: 11905: 11546: 11427: 11270: 10917: 10583: 9989: 9959: 9693: 9663: 9638: 9607: 9504: 9443: 9415: 9234: 9197: 9140: 9112: 9084: 9043: 8966: 8935: 8798: 8773: 8714: 8689: 8664: 8534: 8473: 8446: 8418: 8138: 7892: 7788: 7690: 7412: 5816: 4400: 3840:. Many survived into late medieval times, others vanished as they became politically unimportant. Over the past 1,200 years, 3340: 2368: 14890: 14808: 14770: 14649: 14561: 14348: 13971: 13939: 13867: 12728: 12172: 11734: 11128: 10544: 10278: 8499: 5936:

fishing remain popular with anglers, salmon fishing, in particular, received a boost in 2006 with the closing of the salmon

2346:

In the late 1960s, nationalist grievances were aired publicly in mass civil rights protests, which were often confronted by

2244:. The Republic's real GDP grew by an average of 9.6% per annum between 1995 and 1999, in which year the Republic joined the 18949: 16392: 15775: 15661: 14412: 13771: 12850: 11503: 10946: 10391: 10131: 8043:"The Longue Durée of Genetic Ancestry: Multiple Genetic Marker Systems and Celtic Origins on the Atlantic Facade of Europe" 7110: 4666:

worldwide have become outposts of Irish culture, especially those with a full range of cultural and gastronomic offerings.

4069: 2217: 778:. The island's culture shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as 598: 12204: 10224: 2651:

and with Scotland, Northern Ireland forms one of the three separate legal jurisdictions of the UK, all of which share the

18731: 15730: 15643: 15600: 10808: 9791: 7720: 7042: 5921: 5581: 4191: 2652: 12698: 6785: 4931:. Outside religious establishments, musical genres in early Gaelic Ireland are referred to as a triad of weeping music ( 2390:

was concluded as a treaty between the British and Irish governments, annexing the text agreed in the multi-party talks.

1614: 19159: 19086: 16495: 16259: 16162: 15656: 15567: 15342: 15145: 15105: 15093: 15088: 15076: 15004: 14174: 14034: 8047: 7567: 6166: 5834:

Golf is very popular, and golf tourism is a major industry attracting more than 240,000 golfing visitors annually. The

2169: 2165: 2072: 1959: 1931:

depression caused by the famine resulted in a further million people emigrating. By the end of the decade, half of all

1373: 740:

in 1998. In 1973, both the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, with Northern Ireland as part of it, joined the

13928:. Free trade and its reception 1815–1960 : freedom and trade. Vol. 1. London: Psychology Press. p. 52. 12417: 12230: 18194: 18007: 15352: 15071: 13527: 12496: 12079: 12030: 11294: 10317: 9891: 9845: 6976: 5735: 5645: 4974: 4956: 4744:, which saw the beginnings of modern literature in Irish. This was to produce a number of notable writers, including 2577: 2379: 2360: 2270: 1094: 527: 12325: 10681: 10491: 9897: 8203: 8024: 3867:

The population of Ireland rose rapidly from the 16th century until the mid-19th century, interrupted briefly by the

2419:) and began withdrawing troops. On 27 June 2012, Northern Ireland's deputy first minister and former IRA commander, 2001:

Daniel O'Connell led a subsequent campaign, for the repeal of the Act of Union, which failed. Later in the century,

18818: 16518: 15542: 15174: 15117: 15057: 14380: 13272: 13212: 11678: 9863: 7400: 6634:

transmission line between Ireland and Great Britain with a capacity of 500 MW, about 10% of Ireland's peak demand.

6420: 6070: 3577: 1935:

was from Ireland. The period of civil unrest that followed until the end of the 19th century is referred to as the

1932: 1885: 1369: 1261: 681: 606: 3289:

in Ireland, and of them, only 26 land mammal species are considered native to Ireland. Some species, such as, the

1289:, ornate jewellery and the many carved stone crosses that still dot the island today. A mission founded in 563 on 17186: 16596: 16155: 15782: 15228: 13893: 11640: 6470: 5839: 5547: 4960: 2664: 2110:, which ended in a truce in July 1921 (although violence continued until June 1922, mostly in Northern Ireland). 1979: 1864:

As a direct result of the 1798 rebellion in its aftermath in 1800, the British and Irish parliaments both passed

1741: 1679: 1647:. English rule was reinforced and expanded in Ireland during the latter part of the 16th century, leading to the 713: 273: 12882: 10164: 7931: 6533:

The Dublin region receives the most tourists and is home to several of the most popular attractions such as the

5708:) have won the Heineken Cup. In addition to this, the Irish International side has had increased success in the 4529:

areas are in the west, south-west and north-west, in Galway, Mayo, Donegal, western Cork and Kerry with smaller

19512: 19392: 15787: 15683: 15357: 15337: 15292: 14990: 14384: 13671: 13246: 12609: 7517: 4574: 3894: 3013:, compared to 10 days at coastal stations. Ireland is sometimes affected by heat waves, most recently in 1995, 2293: 1971: 360: 12284: 11065: 10514: 3002:

Inland areas are warmer in summer and colder in winter. Usually around 40 days of the year are below freezing

998:, with its arrival in Britain and Ireland dated to around the middle of the third millennium BC. According to 19164: 18177: 15765: 15474: 15388: 14266: 13607: 12579: 11580: 7046: 6664: 5217: 5201:. He is largely regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry and is best known for the formulation of 4724: 4704: 4471:

The Irish language has a vast treasury of written texts from many centuries and is divided by linguists into

3864:

and Eastern Europeans have all added to the population and have had significant influences on Irish culture.

3285:

and as a result, it has fewer land animal and plant species than Great Britain or mainland Europe. There are

2689: 2685: 2198: 1232: 1157:. These 'new' names were likely to have been the local names for the islands at the time. The earlier names, 317: 14746: 11929: 8986: 8300: 4879:

Modern Irish literature is often connected with its rural heritage through English-language writers such as

2961:

oil field was discovered, which was estimated to contain over 28 million barrels (4,500,000 m) of oil.

2804:, which rises to 1,039 m (3,409 ft) above sea level. The most arable land lies in the province of 1954:, primarily among the Roman Catholic population. The pre-eminent Irish political figure after the Union was 688:

claimed sovereignty. However, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century

19122: 18450: 16422: 15740: 15666: 15516: 15449: 15373: 15247: 15204: 14971: 11954:. Access Research Knowledge Northern Ireland (Queen's University Belfast / Ulster University). 9 May 2003. 11826: 9310: 9164: 6619: 5559: 4033: 3256: 3022: 2774: 2141: 1745: 1652: 11168: 10425: 6904: 6637:

As with electricity, the natural gas distribution network is also now all-island, with a pipeline linking

2975:

The island's lush vegetation, a product of its mild climate and frequent rainfall, earns it the sobriquet

2236:

state would have had great difficulty in defending itself from invasion from either side in the conflict.

19174: 19101: 18786: 17650: 16910: 15760: 15133: 14861: 14547: 13065: 11499: 9837: 7114: 6742: 6631: 6527: 6405: 6208: 6170: 5510: 4886: 4590: 3018: 2673: 2287: 2283: 2194: 2087: 2076: 2048: 1817: 1576: 1138: 741: 14326: 13133: 11263:

Anglicizing the Government of Ireland: The Irish Privy Council and the Expansion of Tudor Rule 1556–1578

10256: 19457: 19201: 19096: 19076: 18813: 18221: 18096: 17701: 17670: 17050: 16465: 16104: 15770: 15464: 14710: 13185: 12109: 9465: 8744: 8617: 8526: 8334: 7917:

A Race Apart: Insularity and Connectivity in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 75, 2009, pp. 55–64

6650: 6214: 5713: 5649: 5606: 5534: 5415: 5375: 5366:

Ireland has nine universities, seven in the Republic of Ireland and two in Northern Ireland, including

5252: 4850:

is widely considered to be one of the most significant writers of the 20th century. Joyce's 1922 novel

4827: 3868: 3553: 3286: 2641: 2617: 2395: 2332: 1798: 1667: 1010:

developed. This contrasts with the traditional view that their origin lies in mainland Europe with the

12675: 10609: 2788:

A ring of coastal mountains surrounds low plains at the centre of the island. The highest of these is

1943:. The population has never returned to this level since. The population continued to fall until 1961; 680:

on 23 April 1014 which resulted in the ending of Viking power in Ireland. Following the 12th century

18954: 18182: 18017: 17645: 16172: 16028: 15748: 15562: 15484: 15469: 15454: 15302: 15237: 15199: 15189: 15179: 15039: 14589: 14288: 11868: 8130: 7997: 7651: 7105: 6758: 6564: 5371: 4800: 4119: 2621: 2610: 2431: 2399: 2107: 1671: 1648: 1383: 1377: 1196: 1002:

and others, Ireland in the Late Bronze Age was part of a maritime trading-network culture called the

721: 689: 630: 17982: 16190: 13803:"Regional GDP GDP per capita in the EU in 2011: seven capital regions among the ten most prosperous" 13401: 13395: 12530: 10846: 9920:"'We Shall Overcome' ... The History of the Struggle for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland 1968–1978" 7385: 6692:

The Republic has a strong commitment to renewable energy and ranks as one of the top 10 markets for

4865: 4747: 4712: 2423:, shook hands with Queen Elizabeth II in Belfast, symbolising reconciliation between the two sides. 19234: 19106: 18522: 17956: 17932: 17258: 16417: 15547: 15161: 14941: 14672: 13098:. PGA of America, Ryder Cup Limited, and Turner Sports Interactive. 23 January 2006. Archived from 12820: 11951: 11858: 8915: 8550: 7804: 6638: 6220: 6062: 5717: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5689: 5685: 5677: 5374:, as well as numerous third-level colleges and institutes and a branch of the Open University, the 5316: 5178: 4326: 2897: 2249: 2033:. The Irish Volunteers split into two groups. The majority, approximately 175,000 in number, under 1987: 1873: 1783: 1624: 1536: 1452: 1298: 1227: 1082: 618: 28: 13552: 13494: 13488: 13035: 12910: 12478: 12447: 11354: 10120: 10032: 9556: 9280: 7884:

Celtic from the West: Alternative Perspectives from Archaeology, Genetics, Language and Literature

2411:

supervised its disarmament and that of other nationalist and unionist paramilitary organisations.

2136:

to remain within the United Kingdom, which it immediately exercised. Additionally, Members of the

19507: 18233: 17881: 17427: 17141: 16960: 16850: 16485: 16434: 16150: 15902: 15651: 15511: 15317: 15262: 15252: 15219: 15052: 14964: 14756: 14126: 12295: 10954: 10350: 10005: 9877: 8368: 8287:

A catalogue of the Roman coins from Newgrange, Co. Meath and notes on the coins and related finds

7780: 5776: 5759: 5638: 5478: 5397: 5379: 5274: 5182: 5077: 5071: 5047: 4641: 4629: 4626:

and Brittany. This combination of cultural influences is visible in the intricate designs termed

4065: 3463: 3333: 3014: 2934: 2569: 2508: 2500: 2487: 2402:, with entrenched protections for the two main communities. The Executive is jointly headed by a 2374:

Other groups, both the unionist and nationalist participated in violence, and a period known as "

2213: 2042: 2002: 1893: 1802: 1769: 1244: 1052: 991: 610: 201: 11028: 8656: 8650: 2949:

off the County Mayo coast. This has increased activity off the west coast in parallel with the "

1440: 19502: 18779: 18701: 18620: 18583: 17655: 16940: 16935: 16505: 16382: 16008: 15528: 15383: 15272: 15223: 14444: 10871: 10150: 9753: 6658: 6491:. Several other places are on the tentative list, for example the Burren, the Ceide Fields and 6445: 6439: 5880: 5577: 5474: 5461:

field separate international teams. Northern Ireland has produced two World Snooker Champions.

5367: 5363:, became the first female president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 5304: 5248: 4964: 4816: 4718: 4550:

recognition is afforded to Irish, including specific protective measures under Part III of the

4095: 3918: 3483:

Much of the land is now covered with pasture and there are many species of wild-flower. Gorse (

2938: 2248:. In 2000, it was the sixth-richest country in the world in terms of GDP per capita. Historian 1995: 1940: 1927: 1915: 1827: 1704: 1663: 1495: 1456: 1280: 973:, which produced new weapons and tools, along with fine gold decoration and jewellery, such as 903: 889:. Since 2021, the earliest evidence of human activity in Ireland is dated to 33,000 years ago. 832:

first recorded in the ninth century. The etymology of Ériu is disputed but may derive from the

744:. Following a referendum vote in 2016, the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland included, left the 693: 594: 14688: 14614: 14608: 14485: 14475: 13630: 13099: 12259: 12253: 11536: 8927: 8554: 8188: 7882: 6689:, although some urban suppliers distribute sods of turf as "smokeless fuel" for domestic use. 4755: 2950: 19382: 19227: 18923: 18467: 18282: 18027: 17927: 17298: 17136: 17115: 16167: 16138: 15671: 14728: 13463: 13457: 11090: 9758: 8390: 8124: 7370: 6789: 6074: 6038: 5851: 5824: 5360: 5308: 4785: 4697: 4691: 4555: 4489: 2544: 2387: 2383: 2336: 2319: 2103: 2006: 1991: 1904: 1806: 1752: 1720: 1597: 1556: 1425: 1336:

raiders plundered Irish monasteries and towns. These raids added to a pattern of raiding and

1169: 922:

to c. 4,350 BC. Field systems were developed in different parts of Ireland, including at the

892:

By about 8,000 BC, more sustained occupation of the island has been shown, with evidence for

737: 697: 7837: 7292: 5843: 5043: 4783:, often called the foremost satirist in the English language, gained fame for works such as 2923:

features. Significant stratiform lead-zinc mineralisation is found in the limestones around

2564:

The Republic of Ireland today ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of

2307: 19001: 18843: 18610: 18482: 18216: 17866: 17263: 17181: 16990: 16915: 16537: 16304: 16075: 16052: 15837: 15723: 15577: 15552: 15421: 15242: 15214: 14179: 10976: 10182: 8586: 8093: 7493: 6916: 6831: 6424: 5820: 5780: 5747: 5664:(including a quarter-final). There are four professional Irish teams; all four play in the 5661: 5657: 5352: 5296: 4963:

as well as the country houses of the Anglo-Irish ascendancy, with the first performance of

4857: 4835: 4442: 4009: 4001: 3910: 3462:. Remnants of native forest can be found scattered around the island, in particular in the 2720: 2568:

and in 2015 was ranked the sixth most developed nation in the world by the United Nations'

2512: 2493: 2119: 2067:

of 1916 was carried out by the latter group together with a smaller socialist militia, the

1837: 1797:) made common cause with Roman Catholics in a republican rebellion inspired and led by the 1716: 1683: 1580: 1192: 1111:-speaking people from Ireland who settled in western Scotland in the 6th century or before. 779: 725: 669: 641: 559: 449: 355: 70: 14835: 14825: 9919: 9267:

Why Ireland Starved: A Quantitative and Analytical History of the Irish Economy, 1800–1850

9036:

Arctic Ireland: The Extraordinary Story of the Great Frost and Forgotten Famine of 1740–41

8729: 7589: 4771: 2945:

in the mid-1970s. In 1999, economically significant finds of natural gas were made in the

2386:

of 1973. In 1998, following a ceasefire by the Provisional IRA and multi-party talks, the

2371:

and began a campaign against what it called the "British occupation of the six counties".

1774: 8: 19467: 19387: 19244: 19191: 19179: 18880: 18759: 18497: 18366: 18296: 18277: 18256: 18189: 18012: 17886: 17706: 17691: 17686: 17640: 17615: 17288: 17176: 17161: 16975: 16794: 16589: 16412: 16314: 16210: 16098: 15943: 15633: 15623: 15533: 15209: 15066: 15047: 15001: 13802: 13013: 12004: 11508: 11472: 10740: 10251: 9829: 9630: 9624: 7165: 6534: 6488: 6476: 6106: 6037:

and other shellfish), as well as traditional soda breads and the wide range of hand-made

5858:

in July 2007. He successfully defended his title in July 2008 before going on to win the

5812: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5198: 5190: 4831: 4647: 4570: 4364: 4084: 4029: 3914: 3518: 3339:

Several different habitat types are found in Ireland, including farmland, open woodland,

3282: 2742: 2738: 2476: 2232: 2203: 2187: 2174: 2053: 2038: 2025: 1955: 1847: 1656: 1518: 1401: 1310: 1302: 1143: 1003: 870: 864: 833: 614: 578: 467: 462: 432: 350: 244: 20: 17896: 16239: 13735:"National Competitiveness Council Submission on the National Development Plan 2007–2013" 12798: 12391: 11316: 10064: 9133:

The Irish Constitutional Tradition: Responsible Government and Modern Ireland, 1782–1992

8384: 8358: 7620: 7497: 6920: 6835: 2382:. There were several unsuccessful attempts to end the Troubles politically, such as the 1910: 1239:

to minister to the Irish "already believing in Christ". The same chronicle records that

19277: 19239: 19222: 19169: 19143: 18969: 18915: 18663: 18394: 18287: 18251: 18172: 18127: 18022: 17848: 17739: 17696: 17625: 17432: 17207: 16970: 16955: 16950: 16945: 16855: 16712: 16668: 16439: 16372: 16367: 16294: 16277: 16195: 15882: 15877: 15810: 15439: 15307: 15257: 15194: 15169: 15165: 15083: 15027: 14853: 14785: 14515: 14481: 13432: 13426: 13379: 13346: 12518: 9537: 9379: 9063: 8223: 8215: 8069: 8042: 7509: 6932: 6538: 6482: 6190: 5847: 5828: 5348: 4876:

is regarded as a modernist masterpiece and has been translated into several languages.

4586: 3431: 3403: 3025:. In common with the rest of Europe, Ireland experienced unusually cold weather during 2970: 2858: 2829: 2746: 2581: 2504: 2448: 2179: 2156:. The civil war officially ended in May 1923 when de Valera issued a cease-fire order. 2125: 2068: 1869: 1865: 1708: 1651:. A near-complete conquest was achieved by the turn of the 17th century, following the 1609: 1502: 1158: 1021: 919: 911: 874: 853: 751: 709: 685: 677: 653: 405: 12091:

Brannon, Patrick V.: "Medieval Ireland: Music in Cathedral, Church and Cloister", in:

11575: 7069:"Census 2021 Main statistics for Northern Ireland, Statistical bulletin, Ethnic group" 5139: 2153: 1801:, with the aim of creating an independent Ireland. Despite assistance from France the 1674:. Irish losses during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (which, in Ireland, included the 19447: 19338: 19196: 18527: 18502: 18492: 18228: 18201: 18082: 17937: 17922: 17917: 17876: 17871: 17776: 17665: 17620: 17610: 17602: 17273: 17227: 17217: 17058: 16885: 16865: 16824: 16470: 16400: 16120: 15982: 15847: 15753: 15703: 15618: 15479: 15393: 14915: 14880: 14839: 14831: 14798: 14760: 14732: 14692: 14677: 14639: 14618: 14593: 14551: 14519: 14489: 13929: 13919: 13636: 13579: 13523: 13498: 13467: 13436: 13405: 13366: 13310: 12947:"Tokyo 2020: Kellie Harrington lands lightweight Olympic gold after dominant display" 12492: 12263: 12162: 12135: 12113: 12075: 11984: 11978: 11901: 11542: 11266: 10913: 10709: 10579: 9985: 9955: 9887: 9841: 9795: 9689: 9659: 9634: 9603: 9500: 9439: 9411: 9230: 9193: 9136: 9108: 9080: 9039: 8962: 8931: 8920: 8794: 8769: 8710: 8685: 8660: 8530: 8469: 8463: 8442: 8414: 8410: 8227: 8182: 8134: 8074: 7888: 7848: 7784: 7750: 7686: 7513: 7408: 7351:"https://publ.icgbio.ru/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BGRSSB_2024_Abstracts-137-140.pdf" 6936: 6849: 6612: 6002: 5808: 5729: 5573: 5538: 5356: 5324: 5288: 5284: 5081: 5008: 4944: 4791: 4599: 4196: 4028:(north). In a system that developed between the 13th and 17th centuries, Ireland has 3886: 3875: 3380: 3364: 3294: 2984: 2846: 2750: 2734: 2677: 2669: 2648: 2526: 2420: 2356: 2010: 1951: 1832: 1779: 1675: 1429: 1326: 1257: 1161:, were likely to have been coined before direct contact with local peoples was made. 1116: 1077: 1065: 1011: 645: 89: 15976: 15713: 14240: 13121: 12872: 11407:

Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data

11183: 11162: 3901:, 32% of respondents said they went to a religious service more than once per week. 2534: 2481: 1700: 1509:, is extant in Ireland as a voluntary donation. In turn, Henry assumed the title of 19497: 19442: 19308: 19300: 19285: 19217: 19184: 18894: 18556: 18517: 18472: 18459: 18379: 18358: 18261: 18206: 17891: 17711: 17630: 17442: 17222: 17156: 17046: 16925: 16920: 16890: 16860: 16814: 16776: 16642: 16329: 16309: 16130: 16085: 15459: 15140: 15122: 15009: 13996: 13374: 13358: 12484: 10631: 9529: 9008: 8814: 8354: 8266: 8064: 8056: 7501: 7358: 6924: 6839: 6697: 6693: 6600: 6588: 6584: 6576: 6542: 6511: 6098: 6094: 5868: 5859: 5743: 5656:, making the quarter-finals in eight of them. Ireland also hosted games during the 5430: 5391: 5332: 5221: 5093: 5002: 4969: 4917: 4812: 4808: 4796: 4615: 4566: 4554:. A lesser status (including recognition under Part II of the Charter) is given to 4061: 4057: 3890: 3861: 3835: 3495: 3427: 3407: 3388: 3252: 3248: 2946: 2901: 2878: 2593: 2443:, and Northern Ireland, a constituent country of the United Kingdom. They share an 2416: 2221: 2209: 2183: 2149: 2133: 2021: 1842: 1506: 1322: 1318: 1236: 1204: 1007: 900: 767: 755: 729: 664: 622: 492: 278: 24: 12356: 6157:, a soft-drink, is consumed on its own and as a mixer, particularly with whiskey. 3454:. Only about 10% of Ireland today is woodland; most of this is non-native conifer 3281:, Ireland only had an ice bridge ending around 14,000 years ago at the end of the 873:, and until about 16,000 BC, much of Ireland was periodically covered in ice. The 19462: 19351: 19313: 19055: 18996: 18872: 18599: 18537: 18477: 18440: 18412: 18374: 18339: 18319: 18102: 18092: 18077: 17964: 17771: 17635: 17398: 17253: 17212: 17202: 17041: 16980: 16900: 16895: 16880: 16875: 16788: 16429: 16357: 16352: 16182: 16060: 15987: 15628: 15312: 15287: 14876: 14870: 14792: 14750: 14717: 14633: 14541: 14352: 14063: 13965: 13923: 13871: 12846: 12156: 11831: 11742: 11706: 11413: 11207: 11120: 10950: 10768: 10552: 10519:

The Karst of Ireland: Limestone Landscapes, Caves and Groundwater Drainage System

9346: 8493: 8489: 8364: 7777:

Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past

7621:"Reindeer bone found in north Cork to alter understanding of Irish human history" 7549: 7505: 7299: 7278: 7273: 7250: 7245: 6507: 6499: 6415:

frequently hobbled its development. Repeated invasions and plantations disrupted

6014: 5864: 5827:

won silver in the 20k walk at the 2003 World Championships, while sprint hurdler

5784: 5739: 5653: 5652:, governs the sport across the island. The Irish rugby team have played in every 5569: 5434: 5402: 5151: 5147: 5051: 5035: 4998: 4994: 4928: 4852: 4804: 4611: 4562: 4542: 4461: 4049: 3857: 3557: 3447: 3423: 3415: 3298: 3278: 3010: 2980: 2907:-aged rocks. This partial ring of "hard rock" geology is covered by a blanket of 2606: 2440: 2347: 2315: 2145: 2030: 1947:

was the final Irish county to record a population increase post-famine, in 2006.

1794: 1734: 1640: 1632: 1522: 1510: 1436: 1337: 1317:

on continental Europe after the fall of Rome. These missions continued until the

1314: 829: 759: 701: 340: 14405: 10943: 10395: 8852:"Charles James Fox, the Repeal of Poynings Law, and the Act of Union: 1782–1801" 6591:

are also of interest to tourists. Some have been converted into hotels, such as

5303:, County Armagh, discovered pulsars in 1967. Notable mathematicians include Sir 4871: 4180: 3605: 3321: 925: 19427: 19422: 19417: 19328: 19318: 19290: 19038: 19021: 19016: 18885: 18638: 18628: 18604: 18551: 18507: 18422: 18402: 18384: 18329: 18324: 18292: 18137: 18117: 17942: 17843: 17822: 17817: 17454: 17388: 17383: 17372: 17353: 17347: 17343: 17151: 17146: 17105: 17032: 17018: 16930: 16905: 16870: 16829: 16819: 16755: 16742: 16682: 16626: 16618: 16609: 16582: 16564: 16460: 16299: 16287: 16065: 15128: 15112: 15062: 14067: 13362: 13330:

Salaman, Redcliffe Nathan; Burton, William Glynn; Hawkes, John Gregory (1985).

12756:"New Zealand hold off Ireland in titanic battle to reach World Cup semi-finals" 12194: 11612: 10604: 7163: 6844: 6819: 6696:

investment in the 2014 Global Green Economy Index. Research and development in

6592: 6515: 6503: 6428: 6186: 5990: 5962: 5941: 5835: 5716:

in 2004, 2006 and 2007, culminated with a clean sweep of victories, known as a

5693: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5610: 5590: 5526: 5411: 5323:. remains influential in neo-classical microeconomic theory to this day; while 5292: 5225: 5213: 5202: 5197:

was a 17th-century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor and early

5129: 5067: 4990: 4839: 4780: 4741: 4619: 4496: 4481: 4415: 4115: 4092: 3874:

Ireland's largest religious group is Christianity. The largest denomination is

3537: 3522: 3514: 3485: 3475: 2882: 2850: 2793: 2565: 2364: 2340: 2258: 2091: 1944: 1822: 1620: 1527: 1480: 1472: 1448: 1417: 1321:, establishing monasteries and centres of learning, producing scholars such as 1212: 1165: 995: 966: 939: 771: 745: 660: 626: 574: 546: 536: 345: 265: 54: 19356: 14026: 11188:

Debate involving Former Minister for Environment Heritage and Local Government

10816: 9584:

Hull, Mark: "The Irish Interlude: German Intelligence in Ireland, 1939–1943",

8271: 8254: 7350: 7305: 7074:. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. September 2022. p. 4. 5181:

was considered one of the leading intellectuals of the early Middle Ages. Sir

4674: 3261: 2808:. Western areas are mainly mountainous and rocky with green panoramic vistas. 2129: 1483:

in 1152. There has been significant controversy regarding the authenticity of

1267: 1006:

that also included Britain, western France and Iberia, and that this is where

942:. The fields were farmed for several centuries between 3,500 BC and 3,000 BC. 938:, arguably the oldest in the world, consisted of small divisions separated by 754:

has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the field of

19491: 19323: 19006: 18802: 18435: 18407: 18314: 18306: 18048: 18000: 17786: 17734: 17463: 17403: 17393: 17293: 17268: 17054: 16115: 15948: 15822: 15297: 15282: 14684: 13370: 12361: 10876: 9799: 7852: 7563: 7362: 6868:"Irish Coastal Habitats: A Study of Impacts on Designated Conservation Areas" 6853: 6793: 6713: 6645:, County Antrim. Most of Ireland's gas comes through interconnectors between 6596: 6492: 6412: 6124: 6090: 6079: 5986: 5982: 5953: 5876: 5681: 5344: 5336: 5320: 5268: 5256: 5244: 5233: 5123: 5117: 5085: 5014: 4986: 4952: 4880: 4843: 4679: 4607: 4465: 4423: 4080: 4053: 4041: 3451: 3443: 3353: 3302: 2954: 2908: 2809: 2789: 2770: 2633: 2572:. A period of rapid economic expansion from 1995 onwards became known as the 2452: 2311: 2297: 2064: 2057: 2014: 1691: 1644: 1572: 1514: 1476: 1409: 1285: 1272: 1240: 1046:

script and culture were brought to Ireland by waves of invading or migrating

994:(including Celtic) through Western Europe with a people bringing a composite 602: 582: 230: 176: 156: 143: 4644:

and dance, and has become indicative of modern "Celtic" culture in general.

3685: 2137: 2097: 1596:

of 1494, Irish Parliamentary legislation was subject to the approval of the

19472: 19437: 18753: 18546: 18334: 17858: 17812: 17751: 17660: 17437: 17415: 17408: 16845: 16770: 16760: 16692: 16269: 16205: 16200: 16110: 16093: 15918: 15857: 15347: 15332: 14911: 12983:(Report). Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism. p. 11. Archived from 12760: 12392:"John Bell: Belfast street named after physicist who proved Einstein wrong" 10312: 10307: 8622: 8078: 6928: 6709: 6580: 6556: 6550: 6523: 6154: 6110: 6057: 5928:

destination. The temperate Irish climate is suited to sport angling. While

5905: 5872: 5793: 5763: 5751: 5673: 5669: 5551: 5470: 5446: 5438: 5340: 5209: 5194: 5186: 5170: 5101: 5022: 4656: 4476: 4345: 4103: 3849: 3569: 3545: 3384: 3315: 2916: 2813: 2812:, the island's longest river at 360.5 km (224 mi) long, rises in 2801: 2573: 2444: 2375: 2352: 2301: 2241: 2102:) and government. Simultaneously the Volunteers, which became known as the 2034: 1963: 1889: 1730: 1575:. In some parts, a hybrid Hiberno-Norman culture emerged. In response, the 1467: 1397: 1283:, metalworking and sculpture flourished and produced treasures such as the 1208: 1036: 1028: 999: 970: 935: 915: 886: 787: 763: 733: 644:

comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with

393: 387: 381: 99: 17037: 14322: 14125:. Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government. Archived from 12034: 11286: 11203:"Census Reveals Northern Ireland's Protestant Population is at Record Low" 6680:(known locally as "turf") as a source of energy for home fires. A form of 6185:

Despite the two jurisdictions using two distinct currencies (the euro and

3795: 3715: 3707: 3613: 2083: 1517:, in 1185. This defined the Anglo-Norman administration in Ireland as the 19452: 19033: 18933: 18668: 18653: 18054: 17973: 17781: 17766: 17756: 17729: 17555: 17508: 17420: 17166: 16783: 16687: 16574: 16406: 16319: 16018: 15962: 15923: 15184: 10667: 9881: 9830:"How much discrimination was there under the Unionist regime, 1921–1968?" 8289:, pp. 35–55. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 77, section C 6686: 6654: 6572: 6519: 6416: 6128: 6102: 5910: 5896: 5789: 5738:. Ireland has won more medals in boxing than in any other Olympic sport. 5491: 5442: 5312: 5260: 5229: 5155: 5143: 5105: 5097: 4921: 4904: 4847: 4820: 4635: 4623: 4447: 4249: 4185: 4076: 4045: 3898: 3883: 3582: 3310: 2942: 2924: 2854: 2725: 2701: 2540: 2292:

Northern Ireland resulted from the division of the United Kingdom by the

2254: 1975: 1687: 1568: 1532: 1393: 1349: 1253: 1216: 882: 783: 775: 649: 399: 19361: 17323: 17089: 14664:

Ferriter, Diarmaid. "Women and political change in Ireland since 1960."

13709:"Regional economic activity by gross domestic product, UK: 1998 to 2021" 13347:"Feast and Famine: a History of Food and Nutrition in Ireland 1500–1920" 12488: 9623:

Clancy, Patrick; Drudy, Sheelagh; Lynch, Kathleen; O'Dowd, Liam (1997).

9541: 7977:"A History of Ireland: From the Earliest Times to 1922" By Edmund Curtis 6438:

16th and 17th centuries: confiscation and redistribution of land in the

5126:, which was founded in 1904, and the national Irish-language theatre is 4763: 3827: 2231:

was also active in Ireland. Its operations ended in September 1941 when

2128:

was concluded between the British government and representatives of the

19432: 19366: 18591: 18579: 18032: 17996: 17796: 17761: 17721: 17313: 17075: 17066: 16500: 16023: 15933: 15897: 15887: 15693: 13268: 11763: 11150: 8815:"The Great Irish Famine: Laws that Isolated and Impoverished the Irish" 8618:"Scion of traitors and warlords: Why Bush is coy about his Irish links" 8407:

Saint Patrick's World: The Christian culture of Ireland's Apostolic Age

6701: 6669: 6642: 6568: 5998: 5974: 5914: 5855: 5558:

in 1923 and organised its first international fixture in 1926 (against

5514: 5495: 5328: 5240: 5089: 5055: 5026: 4981: 4948: 4943:). Vocal and instrumental music (e.g. for the harp, pipes, and various 3879: 3779: 3731: 3677: 3529:: the Celtic broadleaf forests and North Atlantic moist mixed forests. 3506: 3469: 3455: 3439: 3376: 2912: 2893: 2870: 2838: 2762: 2516: 1983: 1712: 1636: 1463: 1462:

The invasion was legitimised by reference to provisions of the alleged

954: 893: 878: 16144: 13897: 11287:"The Gazetteer of British Place Names: Main features of the Gazetteer" 8219: 5958: 4900: 4659:, earning Ireland the sobriquet, "the island of saints and scholars". 4147: 3621: 2439:

The island is divided between the Republic of Ireland, an independent

1133:("Little Britain"), in contrast to the larger island, which he called 19346: 17991: 17098: 16532: 16253: 16037: 15892: 15867: 15842: 15267: 14951: 11799:. Dublin: Central Statistics Office. 22 November 2012. Archived from 10840:"Environment in Focus 2002: Key Environmental Indicators for Ireland" 9533: 8041:

McEvoy, B.; Richards, M.; Forster, P.; Bradley, D.G. (October 2004).

6623: 6560: 6546: 6452: 6010: 5543: 5499: 5039: 4861: 4663: 4536: 4518: 4507: 4485: 4472: 4383: 4118:, while no longer a city for administrative purposes (since the 2001 3803: 3763: 3723: 3699: 3669: 3629: 3526: 3510: 3435: 3395: 3372: 3368: 3363:

There are no snakes in Ireland, and only one species of reptile (the

2886: 2834: 2754: 2550: 2520: 2328: 1357: 1185: 1025: 1017: 820: 705: 590: 424: 17303: 17004: 16218: 15938: 14578:

Sixties Ireland: reshaping the economy, state and society, 1957–1973

11670: 9135:. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press. p. 28. 8383: 7482:"Sea-level change and inner shelf stratigraphy off Northern Ireland" 7481: 7100: 6915:(4). Environmental Sciences Unit, Trinity College, Dublin: 501–508. 6201:

Below is a comparison of the regional GDP on the island of Ireland.

5166: 3645: 19048: 19011: 18899: 18853: 18648: 18112: 17565: 17520: 17484: 17472: 17318: 17278: 17093: 17085: 17080: 17062: 16985: 16722: 16717: 16702: 16444: 16377: 16042: 15928: 15872: 15277: 14265:. Commission for Energy Regulation. 28 January 2011. Archived from 13603: 13242: 10909: 8060: 7593: 7239:"Native trees cover just 2% of Ireland. How can this be increased?" 6646: 6132: 6114: 6047: 5937: 5901: 5279: 5018: 4457: 4269: 4111: 4032:. Twenty-six of these counties are in the Republic of Ireland, and 4017: 4013: 3956: 3940: 3853: 3787: 3771: 3755: 3325: 3306: 2904: 2889:

into more Ordovician and Silurian rocks, like that found in Wales.

2874: 2862: 2817: 2805: 2766: 2331:

lines, meaning that the government of Northern Ireland (elected by

1936: 1810: 1589: 1345: 1306: 1149: 1125: 931: 930:, that has been preserved beneath a blanket of peat in present-day 907: 569: 17333: 11468:"The Irish-American population is seven times larger than Ireland" 11091:"CAP Reform – A Long-term Perspective for Sustainable Agriculture" 9656:

Winning and Losing: the Changing Geography of Europe's Rural Areas

7968:

Early Peoples of Britain and Ireland: A-G Christopher Allen Snyder

7142: 7038: 6962: 6182:

Ireland and the United Kingdom measure these numbers differently.

4515:

Traditional rural Irish-speaking areas, known collectively as the

3882:

denominations (about 48% of Northern Ireland). The largest is the

3739: 2704:

issues, are required to take place under the establishing treaty.

84: 18889: 18838: 18658: 18633: 18512: 18487: 18122: 18087: 18060: 17987: 17969: 17560: 17120: 16750: 16727: 16362: 16347: 16246: 16033: 16013: 14956: 14292: 14155:. National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. 17 September 2008 11236:"Divorce rates soar in Ireland as population continues to expand" 10815:. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency . 2011. Archived from 9602:. San Francisco: International Scholars Publishers. p. 190. 7543:

The Island of Ireland: Drowning the Myth of an Irish Land-bridge?

6681: 6627: 6145: 6022: 5925: 5892: 5426: 5407: 4229: 4152: 4021: 3988: 3845: 3841: 3819: 3811: 3637: 3597: 3459: 3357: 3344: 3290: 3266: 2992: 2958: 2626: 2598: 2467:

which resulted in 51.9% of UK voters choosing to leave the bloc.

2142:

an oath of allegiance to the Constitution of the Irish Free State

2020:

Their formation was followed in 1914 by the establishment of the

1444: 1353: 1294: 1120: 1057: 1032: 962: 288: 18848: 18771: 7405:

The Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature in Britain, 4 Volume Set

5750:. In 2008 Kenneth Egan won a silver medal in the Beijing Games. 5712:

against the other European elite sides. This success, including

5542:

incident in which, despite an earlier promise, the IFA moved an

4136: 3747: 2853:, is a medium- to high-grade metamorphic and igneous complex of 1990:, to introduce such a bill following the Union of 1801, fearing 1388: 1042:

The long-standing traditional view is that the Celtic language,

824: 613:

in the world. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the

541: 19397: 19043: 18928: 18828: 18643: 18430: 18212:

Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles

18132: 18107: 18071: 18065: 17978: 17901: 17827: 17746: 17248: 16732: 16677: 16232: 16225: 16070: 16003: 15862: 14349:"Northern Ireland Energy Holdings – Frequently Asked Questions" 13132:. Dublin: Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism. Archived from 10394:. Inland Waterways Association of Ireland. 2014. Archived from 10030: 8325:

Jaski, Bart (2005). "Kings and kingship". In Seán Duffy (ed.).

6537:

and Book of Kells. The west and south west, which includes the

6118: 6043: 6034: 6030: 5929: 5633:

and 2016. Across Ireland, there is significant interest in the

5422: 5300: 5264: 5135: 4595: 4288: 4208: 4141: 4088: 4025: 3972: 3653: 3541: 3419: 2996: 2928: 2460: 2228: 1962:

in a surprise result and despite being unable to take his seat

1793:

In 1798, members of the Protestant Dissenter tradition (mainly

1490: 1413: 1341: 1333: 1219:, administered by a professional class of jurists known as the 1181: 1177: 1061: 974: 947: 795: 673: 498: 474: 436: 365: 256: 112: 19:

This article is about the island. For the sovereign state, see

14094:. National Tourism Development Authority. 2006. Archived from 12785: 12783: 12781: 7838:"Tartessian: Celtic from the Southwest at the Dawn of History" 7479: 7355:Четырнадцатая международная мультиконференция : Тез. докл 5815:

won two medals at 5,000 metres on the track; gold at the 1995

4795:. Other notable 18th-century writers of Irish origin included 2616:

Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom with a local

18904: 18833: 17532: 17338: 17283: 17171: 16765: 16707: 16697: 16655: 16605: 16282: 15852: 13162:. R&A Championships Ltd. 16 December 2009. Archived from 10872:"Ireland now has the 'second-smallest' forest area in Europe" 10600:"Providence sees Helvick oil field as key site in Celtic Sea" 6140: 6136: 6006: 5978: 5977:

were more common than beef, and thick fatty strips of salted

5933: 5797: 5665: 4860:

and his life is celebrated annually on 16 June in Dublin as "

4652: 4307: 3661: 3490: 3411: 2920: 2866: 2555:, who is appointed by the president on the nomination of the 1900: 1248: 1108: 1104: 1069: 1047: 1043: 943: 918:, where a flint knife, cattle bones and a sheep's tooth were 621:), a sovereign state covering five-sixths of the island, and 14443:. Hibernian Wind Power Ltd. 27 February 2004. Archived from 10798:

Irish Biogeographic Society Occasional Publications Number 2

8184:

Irish Pedigrees: or, The Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation

8040: 7996:. Dublin: Irish Government Stationery Office. Archived from 7887:. Oxbow Books and Celtic Studies Publications. p. 384. 5871:, and the first European to win that tournament since 1970. 2576:

period, was brought to an end in 2008 with an unprecedented

1115:

The earliest written records of Ireland come from classical

18823: 17791: 17328: 17308: 17243: 17071: 14239:. Single Electricity Market Operator (SEMO). Archived from 12778: 12671: 9520:

Gwynn, Stephen (January 1934). "Ireland Since the Treaty".

6963:"Population at Each Census by Sex and County, 1841 to 2022" 6677: 6434:

Salient events in the economic history of Ireland include:

6086: 6051: 6018: 5734:

Amateur boxing on the island of Ireland is governed by the

5555: 5031: 4091:, with 14,590 is the seat of the Church of Ireland and the 3517:, Ireland belongs to the Atlantic European province of the 3348: 2245: 1290: 1211:. The concept did not become a political reality until the 1099: 978: 958: 801:

The country is ranked *second* in 2024 Global Peace Index.

791: 762:, a strong indigenous culture exists, as expressed through 504: 13925:

Freedom and Trade: Free trade and its reception, 1815–1960

12773:

let the record state: eight quarter-finals, eight defeats.

11756:"Belfast Gaeltacht inspired Irish speakers all over North" 11504:"Hustling to Find Classrooms For All in a Diverse Ireland" 10991: 10574:

Shannon, Pat; Haughton, P. D. W.; Corcoran, D. V. (2001).

9622: 9105:

Feast and Famine: Food and Nutrition in Ireland, 1500–1920

7880: 7321:"Brexit Questions and Answers | Northern Ireland Assembly" 6716:

facility is the only power-storage facility in the state.

4826:

In the 20th century, Ireland produced four winners of the

4122:), is entitled by law to continue to use the description. 2580:

and an economic depression in 2009. According to the 2024

1726: 1088: 15970: 14635:

The Story of the Irish Race: A Popular History of Ireland

12640:"Sports Participation and Health Among Adults in Ireland" 10837: 10033:"Independent International Commission on Decommissioning" 8791:

Adrian IV, the English Pope, 1154–1159: Studies and Texts

8313:

A New History of Ireland 1: Prehistoric and Early Ireland

6553:

in County Galway, are also popular tourist destinations.

4907:, one of the most significant writers of the 20th century 3399: 2584:, Ireland is the 2nd most peaceful country in the world. 2075:

further due to the ongoing war in Europe, as well as the

2005:

and others campaigned for autonomy within the Union, or "

1950:

The 19th and early 20th centuries saw the rise of modern

14175:"Luxury hotels included in "significant buildings" list" 13740:. National Competitiveness Council. 2006. Archived from 12645:. Economic and Social Research Institute. Archived from 12553:. Economic and Social Research Institute. Archived from 11064:. Environment and Heritage Service. 2007. Archived from 11013:

Minchin, D. (2001). "Biodiversity and Marine Invaders".

10705:"Sub-zero temperatures make 2010 a record-breaking year" 7164:

Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (2022).

5758:(where Ireland came 2nd in the overall medal table) and 5263:, is the person whom the absolute temperature unit, the 2983:

with few extremes. The climate is typically insular and

1703:, and the victory of the forces of the dual monarchy of 15399:

List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland

14707:

Luck and the Irish: A Brief History of Change 1970-2000

13010:"Kildare at the heart of the Irish bloodstock industry" 12699:"For First Time, Croke Park Is Ireland's Common Ground" 11346: 10573: 9876: 9722:

Luck and the Irish: A Brief History of Change 1970–2000

9681:

The Future of International Migration to OECD Countries

9499:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 719–748. 9438:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 478–530. 9410:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 376–400. 6042:

foods can be found throughout the country, for example

3367:) is native to the island. Extinct species include the 1888:

in London, though resistance remained, as evidenced by

14116: 12154: 10576:

The Petroleum Exploration of Ireland's Offshore Basins

10031:

Nieminen, Tauno; de Chastelain, John; Andrew D. Sens.

9686:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

9375:"Ireland Learns to Adapt to a Population Growth Spurt" 8824:. New Jersey Commission on Holocaust Education. 1998. 8468:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 7039:"Population Usually Resident and Present in the State" 6903:

Neilson, Brigitte; Costello, Mark J. (22 April 1999).

1623:

in the 2nd half of the 16th century. Preserved in the

1256:

in contrast to elsewhere in Western Europe, where the

17524: 14946: 13967:

Sixty Points Against Home Rule: A "modern-eye"-opener

10331:

British and Irish Isles or simply Britain and Ireland

7267:"Ireland's native woodlands are quietly disappearing" 5965:, an example of the resurgence in Irish cheese making 5613:. The Republic qualified for the World Cup finals in 5189:

and the discovery of the approximate location of the

4883:

and Seamus Heaney and Irish-language writers such as

4618:). In broad terms, Ireland is regarded as one of the 3505:

Because of its mild climate, many species, including

2861:. Across southeast Ulster and extending southwest to 2785:

is sometimes used as a neutral term for the islands.

708:, and was extended during the 18th century. With the 528: 507: 17910: 15129:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

14319:"Bord Gáis Marks Completion of South-North Pipeline" 13766: 13764: 13762: 12674:. Croke Park Stadium / Gaelic Athletic Association. 12418:"Five Irish Scientists Who Put Chemistry on the Map" 12074:(Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus Publishing, 2004), 10490:. Geological Survey of Ireland. 2007. Archived from 10271: 9342:"1841: A window on Victorian Britain – This Britain" 7704: 7702: 6559:, built during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries in 6259: 5807:

Irish athletics is an all-Ireland sport governed by

5295:

and was nominated for a Nobel prize. The astronomer

5096:. Contemporary Irish visual artists of note include 2453:

free movement of people, goods, services and capital

1986:

had opposed the plan of the earlier Prime Minister,

1521:. When Henry's successor died unexpectedly in 1199, 1494:

Political boundaries in Ireland in 1450, before the

838: 510: 501: 14207:"Dromoland Castle Hotel is a dreamland for golfers" 13573: 13329: 13156:"Peter Dawson speaks about golf's Olympic ambition" 12326:"Nobel Prize in Physics 1951 – Presentation Speech" 10975:. National Museums Northern Ireland. Archived from 10512: 9922:. Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association. 1978. 9580: 9578: 9429: 9427: 8983:"A Short History of Ireland: The Curse of Cromwell" 8735:, Colmán N. (2005). "Papacy". In Seán Duffy (ed.). 7143:Central Statistics Office, Ireland (23 June 2022). 6622:with enough power. In the Republic of Ireland, the 5504:

2005 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final

5359:, born in Ireland and most known for her work with 4552:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

2644:is a cabinet-level post in the British government. 1974:through Parliament, aided by future prime minister 676:raids and settlement took place culminating in the 672:. In the late 8th century to early 11th century AD 495: 14676: 14590:Environmental Institute, University College Dublin 14583: 14351:. Northern Ireland Energy Holdings. Archived from 13574:Blocker, Jack; Fahey, David; Tyrrell, Ian (2003). 13551:. Public Radio International (PRI). Archived from 13300: 13298: 13296: 13294: 13292: 13290: 10764:"Balmy start to November sees record temperatures" 9984:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 56–100. 9459: 9457: 9455: 8919: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7436: 7407:. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. p. 750. 6498:Some of the most visited sites in Ireland include 5875:, at the age of 22, won the 2011 U.S. Open, while 5550:(FAI). Despite being initially blacklisted by the 5122:The Republic of Ireland's national theatre is the 3277:Unlike Great Britain which had a land bridge with 1868:that, with effect from 1 January 1801, merged the 1412:knights, with an army of about 600 men, landed at 663:had emerged by the 1st century AD. The island was 15492:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland 14827:Origins of the British: A Genetic Detective Story 14638:. Ireland: The Irish Publishing Co. p. 768. 14606: 13759: 12873:"RTÉ News: Irish boxer loses out on Olympic gold" 12616:. Derry/Londonderry: Nerve Centre. 14 July 2008. 11369: 11196: 11194: 10997: 10796:Biogeography of Ireland: past, present and future 10788: 10091:"Country Comparison: GDP – per capita (PPP)" 9954:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 33–56. 9749:"Ireland's Economy Suffered Record Slump in 2009" 9098: 9096: 8498:. London: Chapman and Hall. pp. 9, 87, 117. 8465:Eerdman's Handbook to the History of Christianity 7770: 7768: 7699: 7475: 7473: 7145:"Census of Population 2022 – Preliminary Results" 7134: 7132: 6745:wrote 50,000, T. N. Burke said 80,000 to 100,000. 4856:is considered one of the most important works of 4776:continue to produce scores of titles every year. 4083:. Dublin, with over one million residents in the 3235:Source 2: The Irish Times (November record high) 2937:is ongoing following the first major find at the 1903:industry, Ireland was largely passed over by the 19489: 14868: 12731:. Football Association of Ireland. 5 June 2009. 12104:Buckley, Ann: "Medieval Ireland, Music in", in: 12060:. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. 10285:. Office for National Statistics. 24 August 2023 9575: 9424: 9102: 9059: 9057: 9055: 8682:A History of Ireland from Earliest Times to 1922 7015:. Central Statistics Office. 25 September 2023. 7013:"Population and Migration Estimates, April 2023" 6820:"Beyond the boundaries in the island of Ireland" 6753: 6751: 6518:. Historically important monastic sites include 6054:, a doughy white bread particular to Waterford. 4622:of Europe, alongside Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, 2900:, is an area of substantially deformed, lightly 1778:"The Camp on Vinegar Hill" - an illustration by 734:civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s 16338:Association football in the Republic of Ireland 14794:A Rocky Road: The Irish Economy Since the 1920s 13774:. Central Statistics Office. 27 February 2020. 13490:The Blackwell Companion to Modern Irish Culture 13334:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 218–219. 13287: 12602: 12055: 11818: 11732:John Walsh; Bernadette OʼRourke; Hugh Rowland, 11567: 9629:. Institute of Public Administration. pp. 9452: 9126: 9124: 9009:"Laws in Ireland for the Suppression of Popery" 8956: 8952: 8950: 7433: 6902: 6177:International Financial Services Centre, Dublin 5483:Association football in the Republic of Ireland 4823:, noted for his epigrams, was born in Ireland. 2995:, in the south, records the least snow whereas 2881:province of Scotland. Further south, along the 1363: 1050:from mainland Europe. This theory draws on the 14584:Dennison, Gabriel; Ni Fhloinn, Baibre (1994). 14539: 13896:. livingcost.org. 27 July 2020. Archived from 13870:. livingcost.org. 27 July 2020. Archived from 13455: 13332:The History and Social Influence of the Potato 12975: 12911:"Katie Taylor wins World Boxing Championships" 12292:Understanding Science: Famous Irish Scientists 12276: 11952:"Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 1999" 11632: 11191: 10424:. Geological Survey of Ireland. Archived from 10300: 9832:. In Gallagher, Tom; O'Connell, James (eds.). 9497:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 9436:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 9408:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 9227:Culture and Capitalism in Contemporary Ireland 9224: 9093: 8766:Henry II: A Medieval Soldier at War, 1147–1189 8673: 7765: 7470: 7208:Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine 7147:. Dublin: Central Statistics Office, Ireland. 7129: 5754:secured bronze in those games and gold in the 4760:and others. Irish-language publishers such as 2690:Foyle, Carlingford and Irish Lights Commission 2343:and discrimination in housing and employment. 2322:"using all means which may be found necessary" 2202:the state was declared, officially, to be the 984: 724:in the early 20th century was followed by the 18787: 17488: 16590: 14972: 14852: 14745: 14082: 14080: 14078: 14076: 13964:Battersby, Thomas Stephenson Francis (1912). 13797: 13795: 13793: 13309:. Oxford University Press. pp. 407–408. 13304: 12978:Review of the Horse and Greyhound Racing Fund 12672:"Croke Park. Not just a venue. A destination" 12348: 12155:O'Kelly, Michael J.; O'Kelly, Claire (1982). 12112:and Barra Boydell (Dublin: UCD Press, 2013), 11541:. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. p. 156. 10380:. Dublin: Allen Figgis & Co. p. 240. 10097:. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from 9934:– via Conflict Archive on the Internet. 9908:– via Conflict Archive on the Internet. 9229:. Hampshire, UK: Avebury Press. p. 119. 9192:. Oxford University Press. pp. 314–330. 9103:Clarkson, Leslie; Crawford, Margaret (2001). 9052: 8648: 8315:, Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 182–234. 8255:"Ptolemy's Map of Ireland: a Modern Decoding" 7582: 6748: 6121:) is probably the best-known Irish cocktail. 3383:. Some previously extinct birds, such as the 2979:. Overall, Ireland has a mild but changeable 2668:jurisdiction. The implementation bodies are: 2253:easier still by generous incentives from the 1958:. He was elected as Member of Parliament for 17476: 14905: 14869:Woodcock, N. H.; Strachan, Robin A. (2000). 14797:. Manchester University Press. p. 246. 13672:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" 13666: 13664: 13604:"Irish Whiskey's Growth Not Just About Luck" 13597: 13595: 12483:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 12357:"William Thomson: king of Victorian physics" 11980:The Oxford Companion to the English Language 11641:"Ireland's Age of Affluence Comes to an End" 11083: 11015:Proceedings of a Conference 26–27 April 2001 11000:Proceedings of a Conference 26–27 April 2001 10537: 10347:"FAQ: What is the longest river in Ireland?" 10341: 10339: 10180: 9121: 8947: 8017:The Question of the Celticization of Ireland 7744: 6350: 6117:of coffee and whiskey reputedly invented at 6085:Irish whiskey, as researched in 2009 by the 5291:and a paper concerning the discovery of the 3904: 3301:, are very common, whereas others, like the 2753:. It is separated from Great Britain by the 2531:(the Dáil), a house of representatives, and 2465:referendum on EU membership was held in 2016 2013:were formed in 1913 under the leadership of 1168:referred to Ireland by this name too in its 700:was designed to materially disadvantage the 19250:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 17536: 17500: 15101:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 14823: 14786: 14289:"Interconnection: East-West Interconnector" 14237:"About SEMO: The Single Electricity Market" 13894:"Cost of living in the Republic of Ireland" 13830: 13828: 13542: 13517: 12918: 12880: 12797:. European Club Rugby. 2014. Archived from 12258:. Working and Living Publications. p. 12198: 11928:. Central Statistics Office. Archived from 11900:. Cambridge University Press. p. 191. 11866: 11181: 11160: 11006: 10761: 10729: 10675: 10660: 10639: 10121:"Human Development Report 2015: Table A1.1" 9978: 9948: 9070: 9064: 8730: 8461: 8329:. Abingdon and New York. pp. 251–254 . 8306: 8298: 7881:John T. Koch; Barry Cunliffe, eds. (2010). 7618: 7537: 7535: 7303: 6480: 6448:occasioned depopulation and mass emigration 5127: 5006: 4892: 4884: 4869: 4769: 4761: 4753: 4745: 4722: 4710: 4702: 4530: 4524: 4516: 4505: 3833: 3825: 3817: 3809: 3801: 3793: 3785: 3777: 3769: 3761: 3753: 3745: 3737: 3729: 3721: 3713: 3705: 3697: 3691: 3683: 3675: 3667: 3659: 3651: 3643: 3635: 3627: 3619: 3611: 3603: 3595: 3226: 2781:in relation to Ireland, the alternate term 2709:North/South Inter-Parliamentary Association 2556: 2548: 2532: 2524: 2485: 2435:Political entities on the island of Ireland 2095: 2086:, received overwhelming endorsement in the 1982:to sign the Bill and proclaim it into law. 1878:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1860:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1853: 1060:were said to be the first, followed by the 923: 814: 563: 62: 46: 18960:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference 18794: 18780: 17512: 16604: 16597: 16583: 16524:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland 14979: 14965: 14509: 14073: 13790: 13703: 13701: 13699: 13697: 13456:Davenport, Fionn; Smith, Jonathan (2006). 12480:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 11534: 11419: 11200: 10973:Invasive Alien Species in Northern Ireland 10838:M Lehane; O Le Bolloch; P Crawley (eds.). 10624: 10279:"A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023)" 10128:Human Development Index and its components 9746: 9287:. University of Houston. 7 November 2008. 9189:Ireland: A New Economic History, 1780–1939 9079:. Cambridge University Press. p. 12. 8768:. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 239. 8749:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8739:. Abingdon and New York. pp. 361–362. 8339:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8252: 8180: 7398: 7282:, 19 June 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2019. 7262: 7260: 7234: 7232: 5904:has hosted European championship surfing. 5756:2010 European Amateur Boxing Championships 5554:' associations, the FAI was recognised by 4190: 4179: 4146: 4135: 4008:Traditionally, Ireland is subdivided into 3387:, have been reintroduced after decades of 2697:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference 2658: 2632:Ultimately political power is held by the 1513:which Henry conferred on his younger son, 98: 83: 23:. For the part of the United Kingdom, see 14872:Geological History of Britain and Ireland 14534:Ireland: The Politics of Enmity 1789-2006 13970:. Unionist assoc. of Ireland. p. 7. 13963: 13661: 13628: 13592: 13486: 13424: 13393: 13378: 13271:. Central and Regional Fisheries Boards. 13245:. Central and Regional Fisheries Boards. 13036:"Loughnane claims silver medal in Berlin" 12354: 11970: 11671:"Head-to-Head: The Irish Language Debate" 11428:"Has Australia forgotten its Irish past?" 11339: 11125:Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland) 10578:. London: Geological Society. p. 2. 10336: 10181:Ritchie, Heather; Ellis, Geraint (2009). 10065:"Queen and Martin McGuinness shake hands" 9588:, Vol. 66, No. 3 (July 2002), pp. 695–717 9254:. Cambridge University Press. p. 47. 9157:"Ireland AD 1750–1900 The Industrial Age" 8615: 8270: 8068: 7403:. In Echard, Sian; Rouse, Robert (eds.). 7254:, 6 July 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2019. 7195: 7193: 7191: 7189: 6843: 6779: 6777: 6676:Ireland has an ancient industry based on 5867:became the first Irish golfer to win the 5224:, is best known for his invention of the 1603: 1551:for, the English church at the time, the 259:, pop. 1,458,154 Metropolitan Area (2022) 16343:Association football in Northern Ireland 14510:Becker, Annette; Wang, Wilfried (1997). 13825: 13578:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 653. 13576:Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History 13351:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 13012:. The Curragh Racecourse. Archived from 12696: 12542: 12540: 12452:World Intellectual Property Organization 12129: 11976: 11753: 11735:Research Report on New Speakers of Irish 11576:"Ireland Steps Up as Immigration Leader" 11498: 11425: 11260: 11233: 10801: 9658:. Chippenham, UK: Ashgate. p. 234. 9626:Irish Society: Sociological Perspectives 9554: 9269:. Oxon: Taylor and Francis. p. 152. 9249: 9107:. Oxford University Press. p. 274. 8616:Chrisafis, Angelique (25 January 2005). 8593:. Ancestry Publishing. 6 December 1998. 8520: 8253:Darcy, R.; Flynn, William (March 2008). 7914: 7829: 7749:. Office of Public Works. Archived from 7590:"Earliest evidence of humans in Ireland" 7532: 6663: 6149:(marketed in the Republic of Ireland as 6056: 5957: 5788: 5568: 5519:All-Ireland Senior Football Championship 5490: 5487:Association football in Northern Ireland 5165: 4985:traditional music led by groups such as 4899: 4673: 4594: 4446: 3581: 3536: 3532: 3525:. The island can be subdivided into two 3468: 3320: 3260: 2849:. In the west, around County Galway and 2833: 2724: 2597: 2480: 2430: 2404:First Minister and deputy First Minister 2306: 2173: 2152:and those opposed to the treaty, led by 2047: 1978:, Wellington prevailed upon a reluctant 1909: 1773: 1725: 1613: 1489: 1387: 1360:, as well as other smaller settlements. 1266: 1098: 1016: 877:was less than 50m lower resulting in an 15539:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland 13918: 13694: 13120: 12586:. Finfacts Multimedia. 4 January 2006. 12282: 12251: 11895: 11782: 11699: 11693: 11012: 9653: 9616: 9597: 9463: 9339: 9185: 9033: 8704: 8462:Dowley, Tim; et al., eds. (1977). 8404: 8353: 8165: 8122: 8013: 7986: 7847:. 9 (Acta Palaeohispanica X): 339–351. 7480:Andrew Cooper & D. Jackson (2006). 7257: 7229: 6813: 6811: 6423:also contributed to repeated phases of 5523:All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 3574:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland 2082:The pro-independence republican party, 1329:and exerting much influence in Europe. 1089:Late antiquity and early medieval times 291:, pop. 671,559 Metropolitan Area (2011) 196:84,421 km (32,595 sq mi) 19490: 17453: 14671: 14613:. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. p. 14540:Collins, Neil; Cradden, Terry (2001). 14504:The making of Modern Ireland 1603-1923 14473: 13772:"County Incomes and Regional GDP 2018" 13635:. London: Lonely Planet. p. 348. 13344: 13210: 12927:from the original on 23 September 2012 12753: 12398:from the original on 24 September 2015 12323: 11997: 11859:"Where are Ireland's Gaeltacht areas?" 11790:"Press Statement: Census 2011 Results" 11573: 11555:from the original on 29 September 2013 11242:from the original on 19 September 2016 11201:McKittrick, David (19 December 2002). 10375: 10357:from the original on 29 September 2015 9974: 9944: 9821: 9809:from the original on 23 September 2015 9476:from the original on 25 September 2022 9252:Chasing Progress in the Irish Republic 9225:Keating, Paul; Desmond, Derry (1993). 9011:. University of Minnesota Law School. 8914: 8788: 8763: 8679: 8655:. Cambridge University Press. p. 8652:The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History 8488: 8436: 8432: 8430: 7929: 7919:. The Prehistoric Society. p. 61. 7680: 7186: 7019:from the original on 25 September 2023 6774: 4523:, are in linguistic decline. The main 2682:Special European Union Programmes Body 2470: 2398:drawn from the major parties in a new 2359:population. In 1969, the paramilitary 1788:History of the Irish rebellion in 1798 858: 568: 18775: 18685: 18577: 18356: 18158: 17590: 17370: 17016: 16653: 16578: 15808: 15598: 15419: 15025: 14960: 14631: 14398: 14383:, pp. 22, 24, 26, archived from 14299:from the original on 22 February 2020 14037:from the original on 1 September 2015 13649:from the original on 4 September 2015 13400:. Hoboken: Wiley Publishing. p. 13223:from the original on 21 December 2013 13186:"In Pictures: Harrington wins US PGA" 12891:from the original on 20 December 2013 12709:from the original on 11 November 2012 12697:Moynihan, Michael (6 February 2007). 12537: 12458:from the original on 2 September 2021 12305:from the original on 4 September 2015 12283:Reville, William (14 December 2000). 12158:Newgrange: Archaeology Art and Legend 12106:The Encyclopaedia of Music in Ireland 11877:from the original on 7 September 2015 11714:from the original on 16 February 2018 11651:from the original on 6 September 2013 11638: 11465: 11149: 11131:from the original on 15 December 2017 11101:from the original on 22 December 2009 10926:from the original on 4 September 2015 10794:Costello, M.J. and Kelly, K.S., 1993 10702: 10012:from the original on 17 December 2008 9827: 9563:from the original on 17 December 2008 9519: 9372: 9321:from the original on 28 December 2019 9291:from the original on 23 February 2013 9264: 8764:Hosler, John D.; et al. (2007). 8549: 8381: 8324: 7938:from the original on 27 November 2020 7932:"The Arrival of the Celts in Ireland" 7774: 7619:Roseingrave, Louise (18 April 2021). 7564:"The moment Britain became an island" 6824:Journal of Marine and Island Cultures 6818:Royle, Stephen A. (1 December 2012). 6817: 6672:by the road to Leenane, County Galway 6196: 6101:whiskies. Whiskey forms the basis of 5232:and he discovered an early method of 5220:, professor of natural philosophy in 5177:The Irish philosopher and theologian 4846:. Although not a Nobel Prize winner, 4430:The Republic of Ireland in particular 4401:List of metropolitan areas in Ireland 4075:City status in Ireland is decided by 3341:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests 2587: 2515:whose role is mostly ceremonial. The 1567:From the mid-14th century, after the 1235:arrived in Ireland on a mission from 694:colonisation by settlers from Britain 635:second-most populous island in Europe 545: 18965:British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly 14893:from the original on 5 February 2021 14773:from the original on 5 February 2021 14722: 14652:from the original on 5 February 2021 14607:Dooney, Sean; O'Toole, John (1992). 14418:from the original on 28 October 2014 14217:from the original on 22 October 2013 13868:"Cost of living in Northern Ireland" 13836:"Overview of Northern Ireland Trade" 13778:from the original on 8 December 2020 13682:from the original on 5 February 2023 13610:from the original on 10 October 2013 13601: 13518:Leavy, Brian; Wilson, David (1994). 13192:from the original on 2 November 2012 12853:from the original on 8 November 2015 12827:from the original on 24 October 2016 12620:from the original on 16 October 2011 12590:from the original on 2 November 2019 12505:from the original on 22 October 2023 12476: 12428:from the original on 29 January 2017 12332:. Alfred Nobel Memorial Foundation. 12175:from the original on 7 December 2022 12033:. James Joyce Centre. Archived from 11839:from the original on 21 October 2012 11574:Seaver, Michael (5 September 2007). 11535:Tovey, Hilary; Share, Perry (2003). 11438:from the original on 31 January 2019 11327:from the original on 23 October 2010 11297:from the original on 11 January 2010 11062:Northern Ireland Species Action Plan 10884:from the original on 10 January 2014 10648:from the original on 9 February 2010 10567: 10525:from the original on 18 October 2009 10464:from the original on 28 October 2008 10320:from the original on 21 January 2014 10197:from the original on 5 February 2011 10132:United Nations Development Programme 9702:from the original on 5 February 2021 9206:from the original on 6 February 2021 9163:. The British Museum. Archived from 9130: 9015:from the original on 25 January 2010 8896:from the original on 29 October 2020 8849: 8587:"Ireland's History in Maps (800 AD)" 8502:from the original on 5 February 2021 8394:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 8285:Carson, R.A.G. and O'Kelly, Claire: 8201: 8170:. 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Association of British Counties. 11234:Counihan, Patrick (30 March 2012). 10966: 10071:from the original on 20 August 2021 9900:from the original on 4 January 2012 9886:. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 9883:Fair Employment in Northern Ireland 9781:"Measuring Ireland's Progress 2011" 9747:Pogatchnik, Shawn (25 March 2010). 9494: 9433: 9405: 9311:"Effects of the Famine: Emigration" 8793:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 149. 8705:Edwards, Ruth; et al. (2005). 8684:. New York: Routledge. p. 49. 8630:from the original on 29 August 2013 8455: 8427: 8292: 8187:. Dublin: J. Duffy and Co. p. 8104:from the original on 22 August 2015 7458:from the original on 5 October 2022 6459: 6399: 6311:Northern Ireland Purchases/Imports 5668:and at least three compete for the 5134:, which was established in 1928 in 4864:". A comparable writer in Irish is 4068:. Counties in Northern Ireland are 2653:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom 2547:is headed by a prime minister, the 2363:, which favoured the creation of a 2298:Belfast suffered four bombing raids 2277: 2024:, whose aim was to ensure that the 1447:, and sought the assistance of the 1207:, with a ceremonial capital at the 13: 15568:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland 15343:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 15141:Irish Free State (1922–1937) 14986: 14811:from the original on 16 April 2021 14564:from the original on 1 August 2020 14512:20th-century Architecture: Ireland 13715:from the original on 25 April 2023 13275:from the original on 23 March 2010 13249:from the original on 14 March 2010 12548:"The Social Significance of Sport" 12134:. Basement Press. pp. 26–30. 12011:from the original on 16 April 2012 11700:Ó Broin, Brian (16 January 2010). 11480:from the original on 13 April 2016 11323:. Northern Ireland Tourist Board. 10484:"Geology of Kerry-Cork – Sheet 21" 10045:from the original on 11 March 2011 9600:Ireland in the War Years 1939–1945 9464:Morough, Michael (December 2000). 9387:from the original on 16 April 2009 8831:from the original on 19 March 2014 8597:from the original on 9 August 2011 8048:American Journal of Human Genetics 7710:"Prehistoric Genocide in Ireland?" 7631:from the original on 22 April 2021 7520:from the original on 18 April 2023 7357:. ИЦиГ СО РАН. 19 September 2024. 7201:"Forest Statistics – Ireland 2017" 7168:. Belfast: Department of Finance. 6704:) has increased since 2004. Large 6451:1846: Westminster's repeal of the 6360:Monthly Cost of Living Comparison 6167:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 5525:. During the redevelopment of the 4977:of this time belong to emigrants. 4947:) was transmitted orally, but the 4911: 3666:. Later major groups included the 3242: 2999:, in the north, records the most. 2355:to aid the police and protect the 2186:and independence for 26 out of 32 2170:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 2166:History of the Republic of Ireland 2148:between the new government of the 1899:Aside from the development of the 1435:In 1166, Mac Murrough had fled to 16:Island in the North Atlantic Ocean 14: 19524: 18801: 18008:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 15353:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn 14930: 14858:Early Irish History and Mythology 14406:"2014 Global Green Economy Index" 14325:. 1 November 2007. Archived from 13602:Berk, Christina (19 March 2009). 13522:. London: Routledge. p. 63. 13462:. London: Lonely Planet. p. 13431:. 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An Encyclopedia 8147:from the original on 27 July 2020 7862:from the original on 23 June 2010 7805:"O'Donnell Lecture 2008 Appendix" 7600:from the original on 3 April 2017 7331:from the original on 27 July 2023 7151:from the original on 23 June 2022 6943:from the original on 13 July 2021 6783: 6260:Northern Ireland trade comparison 6225:United Kingdom: Northern Ireland 5947: 5736:Irish Athletic Boxing Association 5625:and the European Championship in 5382:in 2023, down from 12th in 2019. 5378:. Ireland was ranked 22nd in the 5017:. Groups and musicians including 2885:coastline, is an area of granite 2765:, which lies between Ireland and 2335:from 1929) was controlled by the 2318:in 1912, declaring opposition to 2094:, setting up its own parliament ( 1763: 728:, leading to the creation of the 18950:Ireland–United Kingdom relations 18758: 17371: 17003: 16558: 15522:Tallest buildings and structures 14936: 14430: 14381:Commission for Energy Regulation 14367: 14341: 14311: 14281: 14255: 14229: 14199: 14167: 14153:Buildings of Ireland Survey Data 14141: 14110: 14049: 14033:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 14019: 14003:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 13989: 13974:from the original on 22 May 2020 13957: 13942:from the original on 22 May 2020 13912: 13886: 13860: 13727: 13622: 13567: 13536: 13511: 13480: 13449: 13418: 13387: 13338: 13323: 13261: 13235: 13204: 13178: 13148: 13114: 13088: 13076:from the original on 29 May 2014 13058: 13028: 13002: 12969: 12939: 12903: 12865: 12839: 12813: 12747: 12721: 12690: 12664: 12632: 12572: 12470: 12440: 12410: 12384: 12336:from the original on 11 May 2012 12317: 12245: 12219: 12207:from the original on 29 May 2014 12187: 12148: 12123: 12098: 12085: 12064: 12056:Higgins Wyndham, Andrew (2006). 12049: 12023: 11944: 11914: 11889: 11851: 11754:McKinney, Seamus (16 May 2020). 11747: 11726: 11663: 11639:Henry, McDonald (5 April 2009). 11600: 11528: 11492: 11459: 11450: 11399: 11309: 11291:Gazetteer of British Place Names 11279: 11254: 11227: 11143: 11113: 11047: 11021: 10960: 10937: 10905:Forestry in the EU and the world 10896: 10864: 10831: 10755: 10696: 10684:from the original on 2 June 2007 10592: 10521:. Geological Survey of Ireland. 10506: 10476: 10457:. Geological Survey of Ireland. 10440: 10410: 10384: 10369: 10239: 10209: 10174: 10157: 10113: 10083: 10057: 10024: 9998: 9968: 9938: 9926:from the original on 31 May 2011 9912: 9870: 9864:Conflict Archive on the Internet 9854:from the original on 14 May 2011 9773: 9740: 9727: 9466:"The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921" 8439:How the Irish Saved Civilization 8388:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 8014:Waddell, John (September 1992). 7817:from the original on 9 July 2012 7570:from the original on 7 July 2017 7561: 7172:from the original on 3 July 2017 7049:from the original on 31 May 2023 6977:"Belfast Metropolitan Area Plan" 6706:wind farms have been constructed 6071:prohibition in the United States 5846:became the first Irishman since 4108:local government reforms of 1840 3980: 3964: 3949: 3948: 3933: 3932: 3925: 3578:Demographics of Northern Ireland 2953:" step-out development from the 2877:rocks, with similarities to the 2655:as their court of final appeal. 2492:, the official residence of the 2255:Industrial Development Authority 1933:immigration to the United States 1886:united parliament at Westminster 1753:architectural legacy of Georgian 1562: 1555:, was published in 1216 and the 1408:On 1 May 1169, an expedition of 1370:Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland 1262:Fall of the Western Roman Empire 491: 14466: 14187:from the original on 7 May 2023 13211:McDaid, Brendan (9 June 2004). 12285:"Ireland's Scientific Heritage" 10762:Dan Griffin (2 November 2015). 9714: 9672: 9647: 9591: 9555:Connolly, Kevin (1 June 2004). 9548: 9513: 9488: 9399: 9373:Quinn, Eamon (19 August 2007). 9366: 9340:Vallely, Paul (25 April 2006). 9333: 9303: 9273: 9258: 9243: 9218: 9179: 9149: 9027: 9001: 8975: 8908: 8878: 8843: 8807: 8782: 8757: 8723: 8698: 8649:Previté-Orton, Charles (1975). 8642: 8609: 8579: 8543: 8514: 8482: 8398: 8382:Moran, Patrick Francis (1913). 8375: 8347: 8318: 8279: 8246: 8234:from the original on 1 May 2023 8195: 8174: 8168:Ireland and the Classical World 8159: 8126:Ireland and the classical world 8116: 8091: 8085: 8034: 8007: 7980: 7971: 7962: 7950: 7923: 7908: 7874: 7738: 7683:Landscapes of Neolithic Ireland 7674: 7658:. Lithics Ireland Consultancy. 7643: 7612: 7555: 7392: 7343: 7313: 7285: 7061: 6735: 6471:Tourist destinations in Ireland 6270:Northern Ireland Sales/Exports 6009:, a type of potato pancake, or 5917:and off the County Cork coast. 5770: 5617:(reaching the quarter-finals), 5597:(reaching the quarter-finals), 5576:reaching for the ball during a 5548:Football Association of Ireland 5464: 5343:in 1999 and a record composite 4110:). In the Republic of Ireland, 3981: 3563: 2665:North/South Ministerial Council 2461:left the European Union in 2020 2451:and as a consequence, there is 2159: 1680:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland 1332:From the 9th century, waves of 1299:a tradition of Irish missionary 1147:, Ptolemy refers to Ireland as 1035:, close to Gleninchaquin Park, 896:communities around the island. 631:population of the entire island 19393:Northern Ireland Sign Language 15358:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis 14908:The Rough Guide to Irish Music 13545:"Whiskey Resists the Downturn" 12448:"Global Innovation Index 2019" 12424:. Science Foundation Ireland. 12394:. BBC News. 19 February 2015. 11827:"Schism fears for Gaeilgeoirí" 11702:"Schism fears for Gaeilgeoirí" 11466:Kliff, Sarah (17 March 2013). 10608:. 17 July 2000. Archived from 8495:Early Christian Art in Ireland 7031: 7005: 6969: 6955: 6896: 6860: 6726: 5648:and a single association, the 5158:are internationally renowned. 4575:Northern Ireland Sign Language 4565:, the language of the nomadic 4475:from the 6th to 10th century, 4129:Cities and towns by population 3965: 3690:. Smaller groups included the 2955:North Sea hydrocarbon province 2845:The island consists of varied 2367:, emerged from a split in the 2294:Government of Ireland Act 1920 1922:by Henry Willard French (1891) 1592:, and under the provisions of 1374:History of Ireland (1169–1536) 844:, referring to flowing water. 736:. This subsided following the 214:7,527 km (4677.1 mi) 1: 18727:Celtic place names in Galicia 18357: 15420: 14824:Oppenheimer, Stephen (2006). 14752:Prehistoric and Early Ireland 14183:. Archiseek.ie. 10 May 2009. 13493:. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 13394:Albertson, Elizabeth (2009). 12324:Waller, Professor I. (1951). 12255:Working and Living in Ireland 12161:. London: Thames and Hudson. 11581:The Christian Science Monitor 10739:. Met Éireann. Archived from 10247:"Ireland Facts, Ireland Flag" 8275:– via Informaworld.com. 6767: 6732:Including surrounding islands 5886: 5218:Father Nicholas Joseph Callan 4730: 4685: 2686:the North/South Language Body 2499:The Republic of Ireland is a 2274:remaining above 14% in 2012. 2073:Irish republicanism increased 1095:History of Ireland (800–1169) 18159: 16664:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 16423:Northern Ireland flags issue 15599: 15374:List of conflicts in Ireland 15118:Southern Ireland (1921–1922) 14477:Irish Art: A Concise History 14117:National Monuments Service. 13307:The Oxford Companion to Food 13188:. RTÉ News. 11 August 2008. 13096:"2006 Ryder Cup Team Europe" 12847:"Six Nations roll of honour" 12610:"Soccer in Northern Ireland" 12072:Prehistoric Music in Ireland 10545:"Ireland: North West Europe" 10513:Karst Working Group (2000). 10448:"Bedrock Geology of Ireland" 10008:. BBC News. 8 October 1999. 9794:. October 2012. p. 36. 9038:. Belfast: White Row Press. 7987:Waddell, John (April 1995). 7552:" Accessed 15 February 2013. 7506:10.1016/j.margeo.2006.04.002 7310:. Retrieved 25 November 2017 6620:Northern Ireland Electricity 6530:in the Republic of Ireland. 6153:), is also a popular drink. 5339:and discovered a 2000-digit 4436: 4405: 3257:Trees of Britain and Ireland 2729:Physical features of Ireland 2714: 2113: 2090:, and in 1919 proclaimed an 1755:Ireland was built. In 1782, 1392:Remains of the 12th-century 1364:Norman and English invasions 1231:records that in 431, Bishop 804: 696:. In the 1690s, a system of 7: 17651:Welsh literature in English 17591: 17017: 16743:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 16654: 15809: 15394:Gaelic clothing and fashion 15026: 14862:Medieval Academy of America 14548:Manchester University Press 14376:Gas Capacity Statement 2007 14070:. Retrieved 9 December 2017 13345:Garrow, John (March 2002). 12976:FGS Consulting (May 2009). 11983:. Oxford University Press. 11977:McArthur, Tom, ed. (1992). 9838:Manchester University Press 9598:Carroll, Joseph T. (2002). 9586:Journal of Military History 6743:Giovanni Battista Rinuccini 6661:to refine the gas onshore. 6455:disrupted Irish agriculture 6406:Economic history of Ireland 6193:and boost competitiveness. 6171:Economy of Northern Ireland 5891:The west coast of Ireland, 5511:Gaelic Athletic Association 5398:List of Irish sports people 4591:Culture of Northern Ireland 4561:Also native to Ireland are 4539:in Waterford and in Meath. 4034:six are in Northern Ireland 2674:Food Safety Promotion Board 2426: 2288:Economy of Northern Ireland 2284:History of Northern Ireland 2077:Conscription Crisis of 1918 1994:to be in conflict with the 1818:Battle of Ballymore-Eustace 1471:, issued by an Englishman, 985:Emergence of Celtic Ireland 950:were the principal crops. 899:Some time before 4,000 BC, 742:European Economic Community 222:1,041 m (3415 ft) 10: 19529: 17671:Scottish Gaelic literature 17051:Brigantia (ancient region) 14952:Northern Ireland Executive 14942:Wikimedia Atlas of Ireland 14027:"Ireland: Tentative Lists" 13363:10.1177/014107680209500320 10221:Ordnance Survey of Ireland 10134:(UNDP). 2015. p. 47. 10067:. BBC News. 27 June 2012. 9834:Contemporary Irish Studies 9688:(OECD). 2009. p. 67. 8985:. BBC News. Archived from 8957:O'Callaghan, Sean (2000). 8856:Journal of Liberal History 8709:. Routledge. p. 106. 8527:Cambridge University Press 8204:"Tacitus, Agricola, C. 24" 7541:Edwards, Robin & al. " 7452:National Museum of Ireland 6845:10.1016/j.imic.2012.11.005 6610: 6526:, which are maintained as 6468: 6464: 6403: 6375:Cost of living (1 person) 6174: 6164: 6160: 6119:Foynes flying-boat station 5973:For this reason, pork and 5951: 5879:'s latest victory was the 5774: 5746:won a silver medal in the 5727: 5650:Irish Rugby Football Union 5535:Irish Football Association 5468: 5416:All-Ireland Football Final 5410:at 23%, soccer at 16% and 5395: 5389: 5376:Open University in Ireland 5253:Sir John Douglas Cockcroft 5161: 5115: 5065: 4915: 4828:Nobel Prize for Literature 4819:. The playwright and poet 4717:(seventeenth century) and 4689: 4584: 4580: 4440: 4398: 4178: 4134: 3908: 3567: 3554:Common Agricultural Policy 3246: 3234: 3224: 3035: 2968: 2964: 2827: 2823: 2733:Ireland is located in the 2718: 2642:Northern Ireland Secretary 2591: 2474: 2316:Solemn League and Covenant 2281: 2163: 2117: 2056:), Dublin, after the 1916 1857: 1799:Society of United Irishmen 1767: 1668:Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1635:was re-created in 1542 by 1607: 1381: 1367: 1092: 862: 851: 847: 839: 330:82.2/km (212.9/sq mi) 18: 19410: 19375: 19337: 19299: 19276: 19269: 19262: 19210: 19152: 19136: 19121: 19064: 18989: 18982: 18942: 18914: 18871: 18864: 18809: 18749: 18692: 18686: 18681: 18619: 18590: 18573: 18536: 18458: 18449: 18421: 18393: 18365: 18352: 18305: 18270: 18244: 18165: 18154: 18041: 18018:Hebridean Celtic Festival 17955: 17857: 17836: 17805: 17720: 17679: 17646:Welsh-language literature 17601: 17597: 17586: 17548: 17462: 17379: 17366: 17236: 17195: 17129: 17025: 17012: 17001: 16838: 16807: 16741: 16662: 16649: 16616: 16554: 16453: 16391: 16328: 16268: 16181: 16129: 16084: 16051: 15996: 15961: 15911: 15830: 15821: 15817: 15804: 15739: 15642: 15611: 15607: 15594: 15504: 15432: 15428: 15415: 15366: 15154: 15038: 15034: 15021: 14997: 14679:Modern Ireland, 1600–1972 14632:Ellis, Steven G. (1921). 13629:Davenport, Fionn (2010). 13487:McCormack, W. J. (2001). 13425:Davenport, Fionn (2008). 13213:"Shipwrecks ahoy in area" 13130:arts-sport-tourism.gov.ie 12823:. BBC News. 20 May 2006. 12477:WIPO (12 December 2023). 12252:Houston, Eugenie (2001). 12229:. Fodor's. Archived from 12007:. BBC News. 23 May 2009. 11896:Spolsky, Bernard (2004). 11432:The Sydney Morning Herald 11351:Central Statistics Office 11321:Discover Northern Ireland 10809:"Land cover and land use" 10165:"2024 Global Peace Index" 9792:Central Statistics Office 9281:"The Irish Potato Famine" 8926:. Penguin Books. p. 8707:An Atlas of Irish History 8521:Bartlett, Thomas (2010). 8305:, "Ireland, 400–800", in 8272:10.1080/00750770801909375 8242:– via uchicago.edu. 8131:University of Texas Press 7990:Ireland in the Bronze Age 7399:Ní Mhurchú, Síle (2017). 7106:UN System-Wide Earthwatch 7043:Central Statistics Office 6759:Belfast metropolitan area 6606: 6421:multiple failed uprisings 6369: 6366: 6364: 6351:Cost of living comparison 6320: 6317: 6315: 6279: 6276: 6274: 5723: 5637:and, to a lesser extent, 5385: 5372:University College Dublin 5293:Bell-Jackiw-Adler anomaly 5030:the work of artists like 5007: 4893: 4885: 4811:, and (in collaboration) 4801:Richard Brinsley Sheridan 4770: 4762: 4754: 4746: 4723: 4711: 4703: 4468:languages, respectively. 4127: 3905:Divisions and settlements 3273:) in Gubbeen, County Cork 3154: 3084: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3036:Climate data for Ireland 2892:In the southwest, around 2857:affinity, similar to the 2611:Northern Ireland Assembly 2561:. Its capital is Dublin. 2557: 2549: 2533: 2525: 2447:and both are part of the 2400:Northern Ireland Assembly 1649:Tudor conquest of Ireland 1384:Bruce campaign in Ireland 1378:Tudor conquest of Ireland 1197:Medieval Irish literature 446: 423: 418: 373: 334: 326: 316: 312:7,185,600 (2023 estimate) 308: 300: 295: 284: 272: 263: 252: 241: 236: 226: 218: 210: 200: 192: 182: 172: 135: 127: 122: 97: 82: 41: 19235:Kingdom of Great Britain 18451:Ancient Celtic languages 14716:30 November 2018 at the 14062:10 December 2017 at the 13269:"Sea Fishing in Ireland" 12821:"Munster 23–19 Biarritz" 12729:"FAI History: 1921–1930" 12614:Culture Northern Ireland 12095:28.2 (May 2000), p. 193. 12005:"Tionchar na gCeilteach" 11265:. Irish Academic Press. 11211:. London. Archived from 11031:. Clare County Council. 10813:Environmental Assessment 10737:"Irish Weather Extremes" 10392:"Landscape of the River" 10378:Encyclopaedia of Ireland 9350:. London. Archived from 9186:Ó Gráda, Cormac (1994). 8208:Journal of Roman Studies 8166:Freeman, Philip (2001). 8123:Freeman, Philip (2001). 8094:"Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)" 8023:. Emania. Archived from 7915:Cunliffe, Barry (2008). 7681:Cooney, Gabriel (2000). 7363:10.18699/bgrs2024-1.2-05 7272:16 February 2019 at the 6719: 6659:a controversial decision 6639:Gormanston, County Meath 6063:Old Bushmills Distillery 5710:Six Nations Championship 5644:Ireland fields a single 5355:as one of his students. 5317:Francis Ysidro Edgeworth 5208:19th-century physicist, 5179:Johannes Scotus Eriugena 4725:Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill 4705:Gofraidh Fionn Ó Dálaigh 3513:, are grown in Ireland. 2523:parliament, composed of 2511:and a popularly elected 2178:Annotated page from the 2108:three-year guerrilla war 2088:general election of 1918 1874:Kingdom of Great Britain 1854:Union with Great Britain 1784:William Hamilton Maxwell 1625:Ghent University Library 1537:Great Charter of Ireland 1293:by the Irish monk Saint 1275:showing Christ enthroned 1228:The Chronicle of Ireland 1153:and to Great Britain as 712:in 1801, Ireland became 704:majority and Protestant 646:several navigable rivers 29:Ireland (disambiguation) 18722:Gaulish words in French 18707:Celtic words in English 16961:Scottish New Zealanders 16851:Anglo-Celtic Australian 16515:Prostitution (Republic) 14757:Oxford University Press 13809:. European Commission. 13520:Strategy and Leadership 12920:Raidió Teilifís Éireann 12883:Raidió Teilifís Éireann 12380:(subscription required) 12296:University College Cork 12195:"Stair na Taibhdheirce" 11261:Crawford, John (1993). 11121:"Climate Change Causes" 11097:. European Commission. 10955:Tree Council of Ireland 10376:Meally, Victor (1968). 10351:Ordnance Survey Ireland 9878:Northern Ireland Office 9654:Schmied, Doris (2005). 9250:Jacobsen, John (1994). 9034:Dickson, David (1997). 8961:. Brandon. p. 85. 8789:Bolton, Brenda (2003). 8680:Curtis, Edmund (2002). 8555:"Vikings & Ireland" 7781:Oxford University Press 6630:has started building a 6386:Average wage after tax 5924:, Ireland is a popular 5804:in the County Kildare. 5777:Horse racing in Ireland 5760:2010 Commonwealth Games 5748:Barcelona Olympic Games 5479:Rugby league in Ireland 5380:Global Innovation Index 5275:George Johnstone Stoney 5183:Ernest Henry Shackleton 5173:formulated Boyle's Law. 5078:illuminated manuscripts 5072:Architecture of Ireland 4669: 4662:Since the 20th century 4642:traditional Irish music 4614:and aspects of broader 4066:Ordnance Survey Ireland 4030:32 traditional counties 3544:harvesting in Clonard, 3464:Killarney National Park 3334:Killarney National Park 2935:Hydrocarbon exploration 2659:All-island institutions 2570:Human Development Index 2501:parliamentary democracy 2199:political circumstances 2140:were required to swear 2003:Charles Stewart Parnell 1894:Irish Rebellion of 1803 1770:Irish Rebellion of 1798 1281:manuscript illumination 1243:, Ireland's best known 992:Indo-European languages 758:. Alongside mainstream 726:partition of the island 698:Protestant English rule 625:, which is part of the 581:. It is separated from 564: 63: 17656:Early Irish literature 17537: 17525: 17513: 17501: 17489: 17477: 16941:Scotch-Irish Canadians 16936:Scotch-Irish Americans 15384:List of Irish kingdoms 14787: 14723:Herm, Gerhard (2002). 14673:Foster, Robert Fitzroy 14610:Irish Government Today 14474:Arnold, Bruce (1977). 14149:"Ashford Castle, Cong" 12919: 12881: 12298:, Faculty of Science. 12199: 12130:Geraghty, Des (1994). 11867: 11538:A Sociology of Ireland 11412:18 August 2016 at the 11182: 11161: 10676: 10640: 10308:"Guardian Style Guide" 10151:Jewish Virtual Library 9979: 9975:Taylor, Peter (1997). 9949: 9945:Taylor, Peter (1997). 9754:Bloomberg BusinessWeek 9131:Ward, Alan J. (1994). 9077:The Great Irish Famine 9071: 9065: 8916:Foster, Robert Fitzroy 8731: 8405:De Paor, Liam (1993). 8307: 8299: 7930:Burton, Holly (1979). 7304: 6929:10.1006/ecss.1999.0507 6786:"Geography of Ireland" 6673: 6481: 6440:Plantations of Ireland 6093:, but not as sweet as 6066: 5966: 5881:2011 Open Championship 5800: 5585: 5527:Lansdowne Road stadium 5506: 5475:Rugby union in Ireland 5368:Trinity College Dublin 5305:William Rowan Hamilton 5287:was the originator of 5267:, is named after. Sir 5259:. William Thomson, or 5249:Nobel Prize in Physics 5174: 5138:. Playwrights such as 5128: 5061: 4957:St Patrick's Cathedral 4939:) and sleeping music ( 4908: 4870: 4817:Violet Florence Martin 4721:(eighteenth century). 4709:(fourteenth century), 4682: 4678:Illuminated page from 4603: 4531: 4525: 4517: 4506: 4452: 4096:Primate of All Ireland 3919:City status in Ireland 3834: 3826: 3818: 3810: 3802: 3794: 3786: 3778: 3770: 3762: 3754: 3746: 3738: 3730: 3722: 3714: 3706: 3698: 3692: 3684: 3676: 3668: 3660: 3652: 3644: 3636: 3628: 3620: 3612: 3604: 3596: 3588: 3548: 3480: 3336: 3274: 3227: 2939:Kinsale Head gas field 2842: 2797: 2730: 2613: 2496: 2486: 2436: 2409:independent commission 2323: 2195:Statute of Westminster 2190: 2124:In December 1921, the 2096: 2060: 2052:Sackville Street (now 1996:Act of Settlement 1701 1923: 1828:Battle of Vinegar Hill 1790: 1737: 1664:Plantations of Ireland 1628: 1604:The Kingdom of Ireland 1498: 1405: 1276: 1137:("Great Britain"). In 1112: 1039: 1022:The Uragh Stone Circle 924: 815: 573:) is an island in the 540: 419:Additional information 219:Highest elevation 47: 27:. For other uses, see 19513:International islands 19383:British Sign Language 19228:Principality of Wales 19072:Bailiwick of Guernsey 18955:British–Irish Council 18943:Political cooperation 18924:Bailiwick of Guernsey 18283:Scottish independence 18028:Celtic Media Festival 17911:National music scenes 17137:Proto-Celtic religion 16839:Related ethnic groups 16491:Mass media (Republic) 16435:National coat of arms 15323:IRA Northern Campaign 14947:Government of Ireland 14668:43.1 (2008): 179–204. 13997:"World Heritage List" 12923:. 18 September 2010. 12791:"Champions of Europe" 11760:Northern Ireland News 11416:". Statistics Canada. 10283:Open Geography Portal 9161:WorldTimelines.org.uk 8591:Rootsweb.ancestry.com 8391:Catholic Encyclopedia 8385:"St. Palladius" 8181:O'Hart, John (1892). 7775:Reich, David (2018). 7685:. London: Routledge. 7548:19 March 2014 at the 7448:"Prehistoric Details" 7325:www.niassembly.gov.uk 7298:16 April 2018 at the 6790:Government of Ireland 6667: 6219:Republic of Ireland: 6213:Republic of Ireland: 6207:Republic of Ireland: 6075:Anglo-Irish Trade War 6060: 5961: 5792: 5742:won a gold medal and 5662:1999 Rugby World Cups 5607:European Championship 5572: 5494: 5319:'s contribution, the 5311:and the invention of 5307:, famous for work in 5247:, winner of the 1951 5236:in the 19th century. 5169: 5005:and individuals like 4903: 4692:Literature of Ireland 4677: 4598: 4556:Ulster Scots dialects 4450: 4399:Further information: 3909:Further information: 3585: 3540: 3533:Impact of agriculture 3472: 3324: 3264: 3027:the winter of 2010–11 2898:MacGillycuddy's Reeks 2896:and the mountains of 2837: 2728: 2601: 2484: 2434: 2388:Good Friday Agreement 2384:Sunningdale Agreement 2369:Irish Republican Army 2337:Ulster Unionist Party 2333:"first-past-the-post" 2310: 2210:The state was neutral 2182:that established the 2177: 2138:Free State Parliament 2104:Irish Republican Army 2051: 1992:Catholic Emancipation 1913: 1905:Industrial Revolution 1807:Irish Republic (1798) 1777: 1729: 1721:Protestant Ascendancy 1617: 1598:English Privy Council 1559:was founded in 1297. 1557:Parliament of Ireland 1493: 1391: 1270: 1129:refers to Ireland as 1102: 1020: 738:Good Friday Agreement 682:Anglo-Norman invasion 637:after Great Britain. 599:second-largest island 448: • Summer ( 19002:Islands of the Clyde 18607:(Medieval Welsh law) 18217:Scottish nationalism 17867:Ancient Celtic music 17182:Romano-Celtic temple 16991:Welsh New Zealanders 16916:Irish New Zealanders 16413:County coats of arms 16305:List of Irish people 15379:List of Irish tribes 15229:Cromwellian conquest 15215:Plantation of Ulster 15146:Ireland (since 1922) 14877:Blackwell Publishing 14543:Irish Politics Today 14411:. Dual Citizen LLC. 14180:Sunday Business Post 14088:"Tourism Facts 2006" 13243:"Fishing in Ireland" 13066:"Golfing in Ireland" 12132:Luke Kelly: A Memoir 12058:Re-imagining Ireland 12037:on 16 September 2014 12031:"What is Bloomsday?" 11869:Údarás na Gaeltachta 11741:8 March 2021 at the 11677:. 21 February 2011. 11017:(Publication No. 8). 11002:(Publication No. 8). 10949:9 April 2022 at the 10819:on 16 September 2008 10632:"Climate of Ireland" 10455:Geology for Everyone 10422:Geology for Everyone 10418:"Geology of Ireland" 10217:"Area and Land Mass" 9977:Provos: The IRA and 9947:Provos: The IRA and 9828:Whyte, John (1983). 9495:Kee, Robert (1972). 9434:Kee, Robert (1972). 9406:Kee, Robert (1972). 9265:Mokyr, Joel (1983). 8551:Ó Corráin, Donnchadh 8437:Cahill, Tim (1996). 7959:, by Dáithí Ó hÓgáin 7957:The Celts: A History 7244:4 March 2020 at the 7113:. 18 February 1998. 6877:. Heritage Council. 6653:, County Antrim and 6545:in County Kerry and 6477:World Heritage Sites 6370:Republic of Ireland 6321:Republic of Ireland 6280:Republic of Ireland 6236:GDP (2018): €127 bn 6233:GDP (2018): €175 bn 6209:Northern and Western 5821:2000 Sydney Olympics 5781:Athletics in Ireland 5720:, in 2009 and 2018. 5335:was a specialist in 5297:Jocelyn Bell Burnell 5277:introduced the term 5239:Other notable Irish 4891:and others from the 4858:Modernist literature 4836:William Butler Yeats 4443:Languages of Ireland 4120:Local Government Act 4002:Provinces of Ireland 3998:class=notpageimage| 3911:Provinces of Ireland 3085:Record high °C (°F) 2847:geological provinces 2779:can be controversial 2737:, between latitudes 2735:north-west of Europe 2721:Geography of Ireland 2603:Parliament Buildings 2509:written constitution 2494:President of Ireland 2120:Partition of Ireland 1972:Catholic Relief Bill 1838:Battle of Prosperous 1690:. Physician-general 1684:indentured servitude 1581:Statutes of Kilkenny 1441:Tighearnán Ua Ruairc 1193:High King of Ireland 780:association football 670:High King of Ireland 642:geography of Ireland 579:north-western Europe 575:North Atlantic Ocean 157:53.44944°N 7.50306°W 19388:Irish Sign Language 19245:Kingdom of Scotland 19082:Bailiwick of Jersey 19065:Lists of islands of 18297:Irish republicanism 18278:Breton independence 18257:Scottish devolution 18190:Cornish nationalism 18013:Pan Celtic Festival 17887:Scottish folk music 17641:Scottish literature 17162:Celtic Christianity 16966:Scottish Travellers 16951:Scottish Argentines 16795:Scottish Travellers 16528:in Northern Ireland 16519:in Northern Ireland 16260:Legendary creatures 16173:Traditional singing 16009:Saint Patrick's Day 15644:Republic of Ireland 15573:Tourist attractions 15558:ROI–UK border 15543:of Northern Ireland 15496:in Northern Ireland 15328:IRA Border Campaign 15303:War of Independence 15273:Second Great Famine 15258:Act of Union (1800) 15210:Flight of the Earls 15067:Lordship of Ireland 15002:Republic of Ireland 14482:Thames & Hudson 14243:on 30 November 2010 14213:. 5 November 2012. 14129:on 20 February 2010 13397:Ireland for Dummies 13102:on 19 November 2008 13072:. Tourism Ireland. 12703:The Washington Post 12652:on 4 September 2015 12489:10.34667/tind.46596 11932:on 27 February 2009 11509:The Washington Post 11502:(24 October 2007). 11473:The Washington Post 11153:(8 November 2006). 11055:"Otter Lutra Lutra" 10743:on 16 December 2016 10494:on 12 December 2007 10252:National Geographic 10227:on 10 November 2012 10101:on 19 November 2011 9167:on 26 December 2010 8959:To Hell or Barbados 8850:Pack, Mark (2001). 8413:. pp. 78, 79. 8202:Bury, J.B. (1922). 7836:Koch, John (2009). 7650:Driscoll, Killian. 7498:2006MGeol.232....1K 6921:1999ECSS...49..501N 6836:2012JMICu...1...91R 6796:on 24 November 2009 6535:Guinness Storehouse 6479:on the island: the 6361: 6312: 6271: 6253:£27,154 per person 6250:€77,794 per person 6247:€74,824 per person 6244:€24,926 per person 6239:GDP (2021): £52 bn 6230:GDP (2018): €22 bn 6215:Eastern and Midland 5850:in 1947 to win the 5842:in County Kildare. 5817:World Championships 5646:national rugby team 5455:Republic of Ireland 5309:classical mechanics 5199:gentleman scientist 5191:South Magnetic Pole 4935:), laughing music ( 4868:, whose 1949 novel 4832:George Bernard Shaw 4756:Máire Mhac an tSaoi 4571:Irish Sign Language 4098:and was re-granted 4085:Greater Dublin Area 3915:Counties of Ireland 3519:Circumboreal Region 3515:Phytogeographically 3155:Record low °C (°F) 2919:has well-developed 2783:Britain and Ireland 2477:Republic of Ireland 2471:Republic of Ireland 2455:across the border. 2229:German intelligence 2204:Republic of Ireland 2039:National Volunteers 1964:as a Roman Catholic 1920:Our Boys in Ireland 1914:A depiction of the 1848:Battle of Castlebar 1809:in the province on 1657:Flight of the Earls 1519:Lordship of Ireland 1426:Dermot Mac Murrough 1303:Celtic Christianity 1141:in his later work, 1004:Atlantic Bronze Age 871:last glacial period 865:Prehistoric Ireland 859:Prehistoric Ireland 834:Proto-Indo-European 722:war of independence 615:Republic of Ireland 609:in Europe, and the 595:St George's Channel 585:to its east by the 468:British Summer Time 463:Irish Standard Time 433:Greenwich Mean Time 245:Republic of Ireland 153: / 131:Northwestern Europe 38: 21:Republic of Ireland 19240:Kingdom of Ireland 19223:Kingdom of England 18970:Common Travel Area 18916:Crown Dependencies 18288:Welsh independence 18252:Cornish devolution 18173:Breton nationalism 18023:Celtic Connections 17626:Cornish literature 16971:Ulster Protestants 16956:Scottish Canadians 16946:Scottish Americans 16856:Anglo-Irish people 16565:Ireland portal 15883:Skirts and kidneys 15389:List of High Kings 15308:Anglo-Irish Treaty 15248:First Great Famine 15233:Settlement of 1652 15205:Tyrone's Rebellion 15195:Desmond Rebellions 15084:Kingdom of Ireland 14832:Carroll & Graf 14729:St. Martin's Press 14269:on 28 January 2011 14211:Coventry Telegraph 14123:National Monuments 14119:"Search by County" 14098:on 12 January 2012 13920:Kinealy, Christine 13747:on 28 October 2008 13042:. 16 August 2009. 12887:. 28 August 2008. 12849:. BBC News. 2014. 11675:UniversityTimes.ie 11071:on 5 February 2011 10969:"Spartina Anglica" 10880:. 30 August 2012. 10852:on 29 January 2017 10612:on 19 January 2012 10095:The World Factbook 9761:on 8 February 2015 9735:Luck and the Irish 9380:The New York Times 9315:wesleyjohnston.com 8523:Ireland: A History 7745:Heritage Ireland. 7293:Climate of Ireland 7210:. pp. 3, 63. 6875:heritagecouncil.ie 6674: 6668:Turf-cutting near 6539:Lakes of Killarney 6528:national monuments 6359: 6310: 6269: 6197:Regional economics 6191:economies of scale 6067: 5967: 5844:Pádraig Harrington 5825:Gillian O'Sullivan 5819:and silver at the 5801: 5586: 5507: 5349:John Lighton Synge 5175: 4945:string instruments 4909: 4786:Gulliver's Travels 4683: 4604: 4587:Culture of Ireland 4543:English in Ireland 4453: 4114:, the seat of the 3589: 3549: 3481: 3337: 3275: 2971:Climate of Ireland 2859:Scottish Highlands 2843: 2830:Geology of Ireland 2731: 2614: 2582:Global Peace Index 2505:Westminster system 2497: 2488:Áras an Uachtaráin 2449:Common Travel Area 2437: 2324: 2191: 2180:Anglo-Irish Treaty 2126:Anglo-Irish Treaty 2106:(IRA), launched a 2069:Irish Citizen Army 2061: 1968:Duke of Wellington 1924: 1870:Kingdom of Ireland 1791: 1738: 1629: 1610:Kingdom of Ireland 1499: 1406: 1277: 1139:his map of Ireland 1113: 1053:Lebor Gabála Érenn 1040: 906:introduced cereal 875:relative sea level 854:History of Ireland 678:Battle of Clontarf 629:. As of 2022, the 227:Highest point 177:British Isles 162:53.44944; -7.50306 109: (dark green) 36: 19485: 19484: 19481: 19480: 19406: 19405: 19258: 19257: 19117: 19116: 18978: 18977: 18769: 18768: 18745: 18744: 18677: 18676: 18569: 18568: 18565: 18564: 18528:Cisalpine Gaulish 18348: 18347: 18234:national identity 18229:Welsh nationalism 18222:national identity 18202:Irish nationalism 18150: 18149: 18146: 18145: 18083:Cornish wrestling 17951: 17950: 17872:Breton Folk music 17837:Regional cultures 17680:National cultures 17666:Gaelic literature 17621:Breton literature 17582: 17581: 17578: 17577: 17574: 17573: 17362: 17361: 17274:Chief of the Name 17142:Celtic polytheism 17059:Sub-Roman Britain 16999: 16998: 16886:Irish Australians 16866:Cornish Americans 16825:Scottish diaspora 16572: 16571: 16550: 16549: 16546: 16545: 15957: 15956: 15848:Bacon and cabbage 15800: 15799: 15796: 15795: 15667:Foreign relations 15590: 15589: 15586: 15585: 15517:Notable buildings 15411: 15410: 15407: 15406: 14921:978-1-85828-642-6 14886:978-0-632-03656-1 14845:978-0-7867-1890-0 14804:978-0-7190-4584-4 14791:, Cormac (1997). 14766:978-0-19-821737-4 14747:O'Croinin, Daibhi 14738:978-0-312-31343-2 14698:978-0-7139-9010-2 14645:978-0-517-06408-5 14624:978-0-7171-1703-1 14599:978-1-898473-09-1 14557:978-0-7190-6174-5 14525:978-3-7913-1719-9 14495:978-0-500-20148-0 14263:"Interconnection" 13935:978-0-415-15527-4 13711:. 25 April 2023. 13642:978-1-74179-998-9 13585:978-1-57607-833-4 13555:on 3 January 2016 13504:978-0-631-16525-5 13473:978-1-74104-710-3 13442:978-1-74104-696-0 13411:978-0-470-10572-6 13316:978-0-19-280681-9 13217:Belfast Telegraph 12953:. 8 August 2021. 12801:on 6 October 2014 12269:978-0-9536896-8-2 12233:on 2 October 2014 12168:978-0-500-27371-5 12141:978-1-85594-090-1 12118:978-1-906359-78-2 11990:978-0-19-214183-5 11907:978-0-521-01175-4 11548:978-0-7171-3501-1 11377:"Settlement 2015" 11272:978-0-7165-2498-4 11238:. Irish Central. 11159:. Vol. 185. 10919:978-92-79-19988-2 10710:Irish Independent 10585:978-1-4237-1163-6 10184:Across the waters 9991:978-0-7475-3392-4 9961:978-0-7475-3392-4 9695:978-92-64-04449-4 9665:978-0-7546-4101-8 9640:978-1-872002-87-3 9609:978-1-57309-185-5 9506:978-0-297-17987-0 9445:978-0-297-17987-0 9417:978-0-297-17987-0 9236:978-1-85628-362-5 9199:978-0-19-820598-2 9142:978-0-8132-0784-1 9114:978-0-19-822751-9 9086:978-0-521-55266-0 9045:978-1-870132-85-5 8968:978-0-86322-287-0 8937:978-0-14-013250-2 8800:978-0-7546-0708-3 8775:978-90-04-15724-8 8745:cite encyclopedia 8716:978-0-415-33952-0 8691:978-0-415-27949-9 8666:978-0-521-09977-6 8536:978-0-521-19720-5 8475:978-0-8028-3450-8 8448:978-0-385-41849-2 8420:978-1-85182-144-0 8411:Four Courts Press 8355:Ginnell, Laurence 8335:cite encyclopedia 8140:978-0-292-72518-8 8129:. Austin, Texas: 8003:on 19 March 2015. 7894:978-1-84217-529-3 7790:978-0-19-882125-0 7692:978-0-415-16977-6 7656:LithicsIreland.ie 7596:. 21 March 2016. 7414:978-1-118-39698-8 7378:External link in 7101:"Islands by Area" 6613:Energy in Ireland 6396: 6395: 6367:Northern Ireland 6347: 6346: 6306: 6305: 6257: 6256: 6003:bacon and cabbage 5985:) was common and 5809:Athletics Ireland 5730:Boxing in Ireland 5539:Cliftonville F.C. 5357:Kathleen Lonsdale 5325:Richard Cantillon 5285:John Stewart Bell 5212:, discovered the 5112:Drama and theatre 5082:John Butler Yeats 4982:traditional music 4887:Máirtín Ó Direáin 4866:Máirtín Ó Cadhain 4792:A Modest Proposal 4772:Cló Iar-Chonnacht 4748:Máirtín Ó Cadhain 4719:Aogán Ó Rathaille 4713:Dáibhí Ó Bruadair 4698:vernacular poetry 4600:Ardboe High Cross 4397: 4396: 4327:Greater Craigavon 4176:population 4171:population 4166:Population 3887:Church of Ireland 3876:Roman Catholicism 3869:Famine of 1740–41 3287:55 mammal species 3239: 3238: 2869:is a province of 2745:, and longitudes 2678:InterTradeIreland 2670:Waterways Ireland 2649:England and Wales 2539:(the Seanad), an 2421:Martin McGuinness 2357:Irish Nationalist 2043:Irish involvement 2011:Ulster Volunteers 1952:Irish nationalism 1833:Battle of Clonard 1780:George Cruikshank 1701:the Test Act 1672 1676:Irish Confederacy 1457:Treaty of Windsor 1327:Johannes Eriugena 1301:work that spread 1254:Early Middle Ages 1078:mitochondrial DNA 1012:Hallstatt culture 611:twentieth-largest 597:. Ireland is the 570:[ˈɑːrlən] 484: 483: 404:1.2% other (inc. 115: (dark grey) 105:Location of 19520: 19443:Irish Travellers 19274: 19273: 19270:Modern languages 19267: 19266: 19218:Irish Free State 19175:Northern Ireland 19134: 19133: 18987: 18986: 18895:Northern Ireland 18873:Sovereign states 18869: 18868: 18796: 18789: 18782: 18773: 18772: 18762: 18683: 18682: 18575: 18574: 18557:Galwegian Gaelic 18456: 18455: 18354: 18353: 18262:Welsh devolution 18156: 18155: 17908: 17907: 17897:Sean-nós singing 17892:Welsh folk music 17882:Irish folk music 17849:Highland culture 17631:Irish literature 17611:Arthurian Legend 17599: 17598: 17588: 17587: 17540: 17528: 17516: 17504: 17492: 17480: 17460: 17459: 17451: 17450: 17428:Neo-Christianity 17368: 17367: 17299:Gaelic astrology 17259:Celtic festivals 17157:Celtic mythology 17130:Ancient religion 17047:Iron Age Britain 17014: 17013: 17007: 16986:Welsh Argentines 16926:Irish Uruguayans 16921:Irish Travellers 16891:Irish Brazilians 16881:Irish Argentines 16861:Breton Americans 16815:Cornish diaspora 16777:Irish Travellers 16651: 16650: 16643:Celtic languages 16599: 16592: 16585: 16576: 16575: 16563: 16562: 16561: 16240:Tuatha Dé Danann 15828: 15827: 15819: 15818: 15806: 15805: 15741:Northern Ireland 15719: 15709: 15699: 15609: 15608: 15596: 15595: 15430: 15429: 15417: 15416: 15293:Home Rule crisis 15123:Northern Ireland 15036: 15035: 15023: 15022: 15010:Northern Ireland 14981: 14974: 14967: 14958: 14957: 14940: 14939: 14925: 14902: 14900: 14898: 14865: 14854:O'Rahilly, T. F. 14849: 14820: 14818: 14816: 14790: 14782: 14780: 14778: 14759:. p. 1219. 14742: 14702: 14682: 14661: 14659: 14657: 14628: 14603: 14573: 14571: 14569: 14529: 14499: 14460: 14459: 14457: 14455: 14450:on 17 March 2012 14449: 14442: 14434: 14428: 14427: 14425: 14423: 14417: 14410: 14402: 14396: 14395: 14394: 14392: 14371: 14365: 14364: 14362: 14360: 14345: 14339: 14338: 14336: 14334: 14315: 14309: 14308: 14306: 14304: 14285: 14279: 14278: 14276: 14274: 14259: 14253: 14252: 14250: 14248: 14233: 14227: 14226: 14224: 14222: 14203: 14197: 14196: 14194: 14192: 14171: 14165: 14164: 14162: 14160: 14145: 14139: 14138: 14136: 14134: 14114: 14108: 14107: 14105: 14103: 14084: 14071: 14053: 14047: 14046: 14044: 14042: 14023: 14017: 14016: 14014: 14012: 13993: 13987: 13986: 13981: 13979: 13961: 13955: 13954: 13949: 13947: 13916: 13910: 13909: 13907: 13905: 13900:on 1 August 2023 13890: 13884: 13883: 13881: 13879: 13874:on 1 August 2023 13864: 13858: 13857: 13855: 13853: 13847: 13841:. Archived from 13840: 13832: 13823: 13822: 13820: 13818: 13799: 13788: 13787: 13785: 13783: 13768: 13757: 13756: 13754: 13752: 13746: 13739: 13731: 13725: 13724: 13722: 13720: 13705: 13692: 13691: 13689: 13687: 13668: 13659: 13658: 13656: 13654: 13632:Discover Ireland 13626: 13620: 13619: 13617: 13615: 13599: 13590: 13589: 13571: 13565: 13564: 13562: 13560: 13540: 13534: 13533: 13515: 13509: 13508: 13484: 13478: 13477: 13453: 13447: 13446: 13422: 13416: 13415: 13391: 13385: 13384: 13382: 13342: 13336: 13335: 13327: 13321: 13320: 13302: 13285: 13284: 13282: 13280: 13265: 13259: 13258: 13256: 13254: 13239: 13233: 13232: 13230: 13228: 13208: 13202: 13201: 13199: 13197: 13182: 13176: 13175: 13173: 13171: 13152: 13146: 13145: 13143: 13141: 13124:(22 July 2007). 13118: 13112: 13111: 13109: 13107: 13092: 13086: 13085: 13083: 13081: 13062: 13056: 13055: 13053: 13051: 13032: 13026: 13025: 13023: 13021: 13006: 13000: 12999: 12997: 12995: 12989: 12982: 12973: 12967: 12966: 12964: 12962: 12943: 12937: 12936: 12934: 12932: 12922: 12907: 12901: 12900: 12898: 12896: 12886: 12869: 12863: 12862: 12860: 12858: 12843: 12837: 12836: 12834: 12832: 12817: 12811: 12810: 12808: 12806: 12787: 12776: 12775: 12770: 12768: 12751: 12745: 12744: 12742: 12740: 12725: 12719: 12718: 12716: 12714: 12694: 12688: 12687: 12685: 12683: 12668: 12662: 12661: 12659: 12657: 12651: 12644: 12636: 12630: 12629: 12627: 12625: 12606: 12600: 12599: 12597: 12595: 12576: 12570: 12569: 12567: 12565: 12559: 12552: 12544: 12535: 12534: 12528: 12524: 12522: 12514: 12512: 12510: 12474: 12468: 12467: 12465: 12463: 12444: 12438: 12437: 12435: 12433: 12414: 12408: 12407: 12405: 12403: 12388: 12382: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12374: 12352: 12346: 12345: 12343: 12341: 12321: 12315: 12314: 12312: 12310: 12304: 12289: 12280: 12274: 12273: 12249: 12243: 12242: 12240: 12238: 12227:"An Taibhdhearc" 12223: 12217: 12216: 12214: 12212: 12202: 12191: 12185: 12184: 12182: 12180: 12152: 12146: 12145: 12127: 12121: 12102: 12096: 12089: 12083: 12070:O'Dwyer, Simon: 12068: 12062: 12061: 12053: 12047: 12046: 12044: 12042: 12027: 12021: 12020: 12018: 12016: 12001: 11995: 11994: 11974: 11968: 11967: 11965: 11963: 11948: 11942: 11941: 11939: 11937: 11918: 11912: 11911: 11893: 11887: 11886: 11884: 11882: 11872: 11855: 11849: 11848: 11846: 11844: 11825:Ó Broin, Brian. 11822: 11816: 11815: 11813: 11811: 11806:on 28 March 2016 11805: 11794: 11786: 11780: 11779: 11777: 11775: 11751: 11745: 11730: 11724: 11723: 11721: 11719: 11697: 11691: 11690: 11688: 11686: 11667: 11661: 11660: 11658: 11656: 11636: 11630: 11629: 11627: 11625: 11616:. 28 June 2011. 11604: 11598: 11597: 11595: 11593: 11571: 11565: 11564: 11562: 11560: 11532: 11526: 11525: 11523: 11521: 11496: 11490: 11489: 11487: 11485: 11463: 11457: 11454: 11448: 11447: 11445: 11443: 11423: 11417: 11403: 11397: 11396: 11394: 11392: 11373: 11367: 11366: 11364: 11362: 11343: 11337: 11336: 11334: 11332: 11313: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11302: 11283: 11277: 11276: 11258: 11252: 11251: 11249: 11247: 11231: 11225: 11224: 11222: 11220: 11198: 11189: 11187: 11180: 11178: 11176: 11167:. Archived from 11166: 11147: 11141: 11140: 11138: 11136: 11117: 11111: 11110: 11108: 11106: 11087: 11081: 11080: 11078: 11076: 11070: 11059: 11051: 11045: 11044: 11042: 11040: 11025: 11019: 11018: 11010: 11004: 11003: 10995: 10989: 10988: 10986: 10984: 10964: 10958: 10941: 10935: 10934: 10933: 10931: 10900: 10894: 10893: 10891: 10889: 10868: 10862: 10861: 10859: 10857: 10851: 10845:. Archived from 10844: 10835: 10829: 10828: 10826: 10824: 10805: 10799: 10792: 10786: 10785: 10783: 10781: 10759: 10753: 10752: 10750: 10748: 10733: 10727: 10726: 10724: 10722: 10700: 10694: 10693: 10691: 10689: 10679: 10664: 10658: 10657: 10655: 10653: 10643: 10628: 10622: 10621: 10619: 10617: 10596: 10590: 10589: 10571: 10565: 10564: 10562: 10560: 10555:on 13 March 2016 10551:. Archived from 10541: 10535: 10534: 10532: 10530: 10510: 10504: 10503: 10501: 10499: 10480: 10474: 10473: 10471: 10469: 10463: 10452: 10444: 10438: 10437: 10435: 10433: 10428:on 27 March 2008 10414: 10408: 10407: 10405: 10403: 10398:on 19 March 2015 10388: 10382: 10381: 10373: 10367: 10366: 10364: 10362: 10343: 10334: 10333: 10327: 10325: 10304: 10298: 10297: 10292: 10290: 10275: 10269: 10268: 10266: 10264: 10255:. Archived from 10243: 10237: 10236: 10234: 10232: 10223:. Archived from 10213: 10207: 10206: 10204: 10202: 10196: 10189: 10178: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10161: 10155: 10154: 10148: 10146: 10140: 10125: 10117: 10111: 10110: 10108: 10106: 10087: 10081: 10080: 10078: 10076: 10061: 10055: 10054: 10052: 10050: 10044: 10037: 10028: 10022: 10021: 10019: 10017: 10002: 9996: 9995: 9982: 9972: 9966: 9965: 9952: 9942: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9931: 9916: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9874: 9868: 9867: 9861: 9859: 9825: 9819: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9808: 9785: 9777: 9771: 9770: 9768: 9766: 9757:. Archived from 9744: 9738: 9731: 9725: 9718: 9712: 9711: 9709: 9707: 9676: 9670: 9669: 9651: 9645: 9644: 9620: 9614: 9613: 9595: 9589: 9582: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9552: 9546: 9545: 9534:10.2307/20030588 9517: 9511: 9510: 9492: 9486: 9485: 9483: 9481: 9461: 9450: 9449: 9431: 9422: 9421: 9403: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9392: 9370: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9359: 9337: 9331: 9330: 9328: 9326: 9307: 9301: 9300: 9298: 9296: 9277: 9271: 9270: 9262: 9256: 9255: 9247: 9241: 9240: 9222: 9216: 9215: 9213: 9211: 9183: 9177: 9176: 9174: 9172: 9153: 9147: 9146: 9128: 9119: 9118: 9100: 9091: 9090: 9074: 9068: 9061: 9050: 9049: 9031: 9025: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9005: 8999: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8979: 8973: 8972: 8954: 8945: 8944: 8925: 8912: 8906: 8905: 8903: 8901: 8882: 8876: 8875: 8873: 8871: 8847: 8841: 8840: 8838: 8836: 8830: 8819: 8811: 8805: 8804: 8786: 8780: 8779: 8761: 8755: 8754: 8748: 8740: 8734: 8727: 8721: 8720: 8702: 8696: 8695: 8677: 8671: 8670: 8646: 8640: 8639: 8637: 8635: 8613: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8602: 8583: 8577: 8576: 8574: 8572: 8566: 8559: 8547: 8541: 8540: 8518: 8512: 8511: 8509: 8507: 8490:Stokes, Margaret 8486: 8480: 8479: 8459: 8453: 8452: 8441:. Anchor Books. 8434: 8425: 8424: 8402: 8396: 8395: 8387: 8379: 8373: 8372: 8351: 8345: 8344: 8338: 8330: 8322: 8316: 8310: 8308:Dáibhí Ó Cróinín 8304: 8301:Dáibhí Ó Cróinín 8296: 8290: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8250: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8239: 8199: 8193: 8192: 8178: 8172: 8171: 8163: 8157: 8156: 8154: 8152: 8120: 8114: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8089: 8083: 8082: 8072: 8038: 8032: 8031: 8030:on 21 July 2015. 8029: 8022: 8011: 8005: 8004: 8002: 7995: 7984: 7978: 7975: 7969: 7966: 7960: 7954: 7948: 7947: 7945: 7943: 7927: 7921: 7920: 7912: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7901: 7878: 7872: 7871: 7869: 7867: 7861: 7842: 7833: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7822: 7816: 7809: 7801: 7795: 7794: 7772: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7742: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7731: 7726:on 11 April 2019 7725: 7719:. Archived from 7714: 7706: 7697: 7696: 7678: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7647: 7641: 7640: 7638: 7636: 7616: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7586: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7559: 7553: 7539: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7477: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7463: 7444: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7426: 7396: 7390: 7389: 7383: 7382: 7376: 7374: 7366: 7347: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7317: 7311: 7309: 7289: 7283: 7264: 7255: 7236: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7216: 7205: 7197: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7177: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7136: 7127: 7126: 7124: 7122: 7097: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7086: 7080: 7073: 7065: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7035: 7029: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7009: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6992: 6981: 6973: 6967: 6966: 6959: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6883: 6872: 6864: 6858: 6857: 6847: 6815: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6792:. Archived from 6784:Nolan, William. 6781: 6761: 6755: 6746: 6739: 6733: 6730: 6698:renewable energy 6694:clean-technology 6649:in Scotland and 6601:Dromoland Castle 6589:Glenveagh Castle 6585:Strokestown Park 6577:Castletown House 6571:styles, such as 6543:Dingle peninsula 6512:Holy Cross Abbey 6489:Giant's Causeway 6487:complex and the 6486: 6460:Major industries 6446:The Great Famine 6400:Economic history 6362: 6358: 6313: 6309: 6272: 6268: 6204: 6203: 6065:in County Antrim 5860:PGA Championship 5813:Sonia O'Sullivan 5744:Wayne McCullough 5641:soccer leagues. 5459:Northern Ireland 5441:, horse racing, 5431:greyhound racing 5392:Sport in Ireland 5333:John B. Cosgrave 5331:, among others. 5222:Maynooth College 5133: 5094:Louis le Brocquy 5012: 5011: 4918:Music of Ireland 4896: 4895: 4890: 4889: 4875: 4813:Edith Somerville 4809:William Carleton 4797:Oliver Goldsmith 4775: 4774: 4767: 4766: 4759: 4758: 4751: 4750: 4739: 4735: 4732: 4728: 4727: 4716: 4715: 4708: 4707: 4616:European culture 4567:Irish Travellers 4534: 4528: 4522: 4511: 4194: 4183: 4150: 4139: 4125: 4124: 3984: 3983: 3968: 3967: 3952: 3951: 3936: 3935: 3929: 3895:Jewish community 3891:Muslim community 3839: 3831: 3823: 3815: 3807: 3799: 3791: 3783: 3775: 3767: 3759: 3751: 3743: 3735: 3727: 3719: 3711: 3703: 3695: 3689: 3681: 3673: 3665: 3657: 3649: 3641: 3633: 3625: 3617: 3609: 3601: 3509:species such as 3496:Spartina anglica 3452:strawberry trees 3253:Flora of Ireland 3249:Fauna of Ireland 3230: 3033: 3032: 3011:weather stations 3008: 3005: 2977:the Emerald Isle 2951:West of Shetland 2947:Corrib Gas Field 2879:Southern Uplands 2820:in the midwest. 2638:House of Commons 2594:Northern Ireland 2588:Northern Ireland 2578:financial crisis 2560: 2559: 2554: 2553: 2538: 2537: 2530: 2529: 2491: 2417:Operation Banner 2278:Northern Ireland 2271:financial crisis 2222:Victoria Crosses 2184:Irish Free State 2150:Irish Free State 2134:Northern Ireland 2101: 2054:O'Connell Street 2037:, took the name 2022:Irish Volunteers 1988:Pitt the Younger 1956:Daniel O'Connell 1843:Battle of Carlow 1577:Irish parliament 1539:), substituting 1430:King of Leinster 1422:Richard de Clare 1420:. It was led by 1323:Sedulius Scottus 1319:late Middle Ages 1305:and learning to 1237:Pope Celestine I 1205:kingdom of Meath 1135:Megale Brettania 1008:Celtic languages 963:weaving textiles 929: 842: 841: 818: 730:Irish Free State 623:Northern Ireland 572: 567: 557: 556: 555: 549: 547:[ˈeːɾʲə] 531: 526: 525: 524: 523: 516: 513: 512: 509: 506: 503: 500: 497: 453: 279:Northern Ireland 185: 168: 167: 165: 164: 163: 158: 154: 151: 150: 149: 146: 108: 102: 87: 74: 66: 58: 50: 39: 35: 25:Northern Ireland 19528: 19527: 19523: 19522: 19521: 19519: 19518: 19517: 19488: 19487: 19486: 19477: 19433:English Gypsies 19402: 19371: 19333: 19314:Scottish Gaelic 19295: 19254: 19206: 19148: 19125: 19113: 19060: 19056:Isles of Scilly 18997:Channel Islands 18974: 18938: 18910: 18860: 18805: 18800: 18770: 18765: 18741: 18688: 18673: 18615: 18611:Early Scots law 18600:Early Irish law 18586: 18561: 18538:Scottish Gaelic 18532: 18473:Proto-Brittonic 18445: 18441:Beurla Reagaird 18417: 18413:Scottish Gaelic 18389: 18361: 18344: 18340:Columba Project 18320:Celtic Congress 18301: 18266: 18240: 18161: 18142: 18103:Gaelic handball 18093:Gaelic football 18078:Cornish hurling 18037: 17947: 17906: 17853: 17832: 17818:Gaelic clothing 17801: 17716: 17675: 17636:Manx literature 17593: 17570: 17549:Other claimants 17544: 17449: 17399:Celtic Congress 17375: 17358: 17254:Celtic calendar 17232: 17191: 17125: 17021: 17008: 16995: 16981:Welsh Americans 16901:Irish Catholics 16896:Irish Canadians 16876:Irish Americans 16834: 16808:Celtic diaspora 16803: 16737: 16666: 16658: 16645: 16612: 16603: 16573: 16568: 16559: 16557: 16542: 16510:outside Ireland 16481:Historic houses 16449: 16430:Irish Wolfhound 16401:Brighid's Cross 16387: 16358:Gaelic handball 16353:Gaelic football 16324: 16295:Hiberno-Normans 16264: 16177: 16125: 16080: 16061:Hiberno-English 16047: 15992: 15953: 15907: 15813: 15792: 15735: 15717: 15707: 15697: 15638: 15629:Ulster loyalism 15603: 15582: 15500: 15424: 15403: 15362: 15288:Dublin lock-out 15224:Confederate War 15175:Norman invasion 15162:Battles of Tara 15150: 15106:1801–1923 15094:1691–1800 15089:1536–1691 15077:1169–1536 15030: 15017: 14993: 14985: 14937: 14933: 14928: 14922: 14914:. p. 599. 14896: 14894: 14887: 14879:. p. 423. 14875:. Hoboken, NJ: 14846: 14814: 14812: 14805: 14776: 14774: 14767: 14739: 14718:Wayback Machine 14705:Foster, R. F. 14699: 14655: 14653: 14646: 14625: 14600: 14567: 14565: 14558: 14550:. p. 163. 14526: 14518:. p. 198. 14496: 14469: 14464: 14463: 14453: 14451: 14447: 14440: 14436: 14435: 14431: 14421: 14419: 14415: 14408: 14404: 14403: 14399: 14390: 14388: 14387:on 5 March 2012 14373: 14372: 14368: 14358: 14356: 14355:on 14 July 2011 14347: 14346: 14342: 14332: 14330: 14317: 14316: 14312: 14302: 14300: 14287: 14286: 14282: 14272: 14270: 14261: 14260: 14256: 14246: 14244: 14235: 14234: 14230: 14220: 14218: 14205: 14204: 14200: 14190: 14188: 14173: 14172: 14168: 14158: 14156: 14147: 14146: 14142: 14132: 14130: 14115: 14111: 14101: 14099: 14086: 14085: 14074: 14064:Wayback Machine 14054: 14050: 14040: 14038: 14025: 14024: 14020: 14010: 14008: 13995: 13994: 13990: 13977: 13975: 13962: 13958: 13945: 13943: 13936: 13917: 13913: 13903: 13901: 13892: 13891: 13887: 13877: 13875: 13866: 13865: 13861: 13851: 13849: 13848:on 25 July 2023 13845: 13838: 13834: 13833: 13826: 13816: 13814: 13801: 13800: 13791: 13781: 13779: 13770: 13769: 13760: 13750: 13748: 13744: 13737: 13733: 13732: 13728: 13718: 13716: 13707: 13706: 13695: 13685: 13683: 13670: 13669: 13662: 13652: 13650: 13643: 13627: 13623: 13613: 13611: 13600: 13593: 13586: 13572: 13568: 13558: 13556: 13541: 13537: 13530: 13516: 13512: 13505: 13485: 13481: 13474: 13454: 13450: 13443: 13423: 13419: 13412: 13392: 13388: 13343: 13339: 13328: 13324: 13317: 13303: 13288: 13278: 13276: 13267: 13266: 13262: 13252: 13250: 13241: 13240: 13236: 13226: 13224: 13209: 13205: 13195: 13193: 13184: 13183: 13179: 13169: 13167: 13166:on 3 April 2015 13154: 13153: 13149: 13139: 13137: 13136:on 23 July 2011 13122:Brennan, Séamus 13119: 13115: 13105: 13103: 13094: 13093: 13089: 13079: 13077: 13064: 13063: 13059: 13049: 13047: 13034: 13033: 13029: 13019: 13017: 13016:on 20 June 2017 13008: 13007: 13003: 12993: 12991: 12990:on 23 July 2011 12987: 12980: 12974: 12970: 12960: 12958: 12945: 12944: 12940: 12930: 12928: 12909: 12908: 12904: 12894: 12892: 12871: 12870: 12866: 12856: 12854: 12845: 12844: 12840: 12830: 12828: 12819: 12818: 12814: 12804: 12802: 12789: 12788: 12779: 12766: 12764: 12752: 12748: 12738: 12736: 12727: 12726: 12722: 12712: 12710: 12695: 12691: 12681: 12679: 12670: 12669: 12665: 12655: 12653: 12649: 12642: 12638: 12637: 12633: 12623: 12621: 12608: 12607: 12603: 12593: 12591: 12578: 12577: 12573: 12563: 12561: 12560:on 12 July 2015 12557: 12550: 12546: 12545: 12538: 12526: 12525: 12516: 12515: 12508: 12506: 12499: 12475: 12471: 12461: 12459: 12446: 12445: 12441: 12431: 12429: 12416: 12415: 12411: 12401: 12399: 12390: 12389: 12385: 12379: 12372: 12370: 12353: 12349: 12339: 12337: 12322: 12318: 12308: 12306: 12302: 12287: 12281: 12277: 12270: 12250: 12246: 12236: 12234: 12225: 12224: 12220: 12210: 12208: 12200:An Taibhdheirce 12193: 12192: 12188: 12178: 12176: 12169: 12153: 12149: 12142: 12128: 12124: 12103: 12099: 12090: 12086: 12069: 12065: 12054: 12050: 12040: 12038: 12029: 12028: 12024: 12014: 12012: 12003: 12002: 11998: 11991: 11975: 11971: 11961: 11959: 11950: 11949: 11945: 11935: 11933: 11920: 11919: 11915: 11908: 11898:Language policy 11894: 11890: 11880: 11878: 11857: 11856: 11852: 11842: 11840: 11832:The Irish Times 11823: 11819: 11809: 11807: 11803: 11792: 11788: 11787: 11783: 11773: 11771: 11752: 11748: 11743:Wayback Machine 11731: 11727: 11717: 11715: 11707:The Irish Times 11698: 11694: 11684: 11682: 11669: 11668: 11664: 11654: 11652: 11637: 11633: 11623: 11621: 11606: 11605: 11601: 11591: 11589: 11572: 11568: 11558: 11556: 11549: 11533: 11529: 11519: 11517: 11500:Sullivan, Kevin 11497: 11493: 11483: 11481: 11464: 11460: 11455: 11451: 11441: 11439: 11424: 11420: 11414:Wayback Machine 11404: 11400: 11390: 11388: 11375: 11374: 11370: 11360: 11358: 11345: 11344: 11340: 11330: 11328: 11315: 11314: 11310: 11300: 11298: 11285: 11284: 11280: 11273: 11259: 11255: 11245: 11243: 11232: 11228: 11218: 11216: 11215:on 24 June 2011 11208:The Independent 11199: 11192: 11174: 11172: 11148: 11144: 11134: 11132: 11119: 11118: 11114: 11104: 11102: 11089: 11088: 11084: 11074: 11072: 11068: 11057: 11053: 11052: 11048: 11038: 11036: 11027: 11026: 11022: 11011: 11007: 10996: 10992: 10982: 10980: 10967:Hackney, Paul. 10965: 10961: 10951:Wayback Machine 10942: 10938: 10929: 10927: 10920: 10902: 10901: 10897: 10887: 10885: 10870: 10869: 10865: 10855: 10853: 10849: 10842: 10836: 10832: 10822: 10820: 10807: 10806: 10802: 10793: 10789: 10779: 10777: 10769:The Irish Times 10760: 10756: 10746: 10744: 10735: 10734: 10730: 10720: 10718: 10701: 10697: 10687: 10685: 10666: 10665: 10661: 10651: 10649: 10630: 10629: 10625: 10615: 10613: 10598: 10597: 10593: 10586: 10572: 10568: 10558: 10556: 10549:EnergyFiles.com 10543: 10542: 10538: 10528: 10526: 10511: 10507: 10497: 10495: 10482: 10481: 10477: 10467: 10465: 10461: 10450: 10446: 10445: 10441: 10431: 10429: 10416: 10415: 10411: 10401: 10399: 10390: 10389: 10385: 10374: 10370: 10360: 10358: 10345: 10344: 10337: 10323: 10321: 10306: 10305: 10301: 10288: 10286: 10277: 10276: 10272: 10262: 10260: 10259:on 24 June 2017 10245: 10244: 10240: 10230: 10228: 10215: 10214: 10210: 10200: 10198: 10194: 10187: 10179: 10175: 10167: 10163: 10162: 10158: 10144: 10142: 10138: 10123: 10119: 10118: 10114: 10104: 10102: 10089: 10088: 10084: 10074: 10072: 10063: 10062: 10058: 10048: 10046: 10042: 10035: 10029: 10025: 10015: 10013: 10004: 10003: 9999: 9992: 9973: 9969: 9962: 9943: 9939: 9929: 9927: 9918: 9917: 9913: 9903: 9901: 9894: 9875: 9871: 9857: 9855: 9848: 9826: 9822: 9812: 9810: 9806: 9783: 9779: 9778: 9774: 9764: 9762: 9745: 9741: 9732: 9728: 9724:(2007), pp 7–36 9719: 9715: 9705: 9703: 9696: 9678: 9677: 9673: 9666: 9652: 9648: 9641: 9621: 9617: 9610: 9596: 9592: 9583: 9576: 9566: 9564: 9553: 9549: 9522:Foreign Affairs 9518: 9514: 9507: 9493: 9489: 9479: 9477: 9462: 9453: 9446: 9432: 9425: 9418: 9404: 9400: 9390: 9388: 9371: 9367: 9357: 9355: 9354:on 17 June 2015 9347:The Independent 9338: 9334: 9324: 9322: 9309: 9308: 9304: 9294: 9292: 9285:Digital History 9279: 9278: 9274: 9263: 9259: 9248: 9244: 9237: 9223: 9219: 9209: 9207: 9200: 9184: 9180: 9170: 9168: 9155: 9154: 9150: 9143: 9129: 9122: 9115: 9101: 9094: 9087: 9062: 9053: 9046: 9032: 9028: 9018: 9016: 9007: 9006: 9002: 8992: 8990: 8989:on 2 March 2012 8981: 8980: 8976: 8969: 8955: 8948: 8938: 8913: 8909: 8899: 8897: 8884: 8883: 8879: 8869: 8867: 8848: 8844: 8834: 8832: 8828: 8817: 8813: 8812: 8808: 8801: 8787: 8783: 8776: 8762: 8758: 8742: 8741: 8728: 8724: 8717: 8703: 8699: 8692: 8678: 8674: 8667: 8647: 8643: 8633: 8631: 8614: 8610: 8600: 8598: 8585: 8584: 8580: 8570: 8568: 8564: 8557: 8548: 8544: 8537: 8519: 8515: 8505: 8503: 8487: 8483: 8476: 8460: 8456: 8449: 8435: 8428: 8421: 8403: 8399: 8380: 8376: 8365:T. Fisher Unwin 8352: 8348: 8332: 8331: 8323: 8319: 8297: 8293: 8284: 8280: 8259:Irish Geography 8251: 8247: 8237: 8235: 8200: 8196: 8179: 8175: 8164: 8160: 8150: 8148: 8141: 8121: 8117: 8107: 8105: 8090: 8086: 8039: 8035: 8027: 8020: 8012: 8008: 8000: 7993: 7985: 7981: 7976: 7972: 7967: 7963: 7955: 7951: 7941: 7939: 7934:. Penn Museum. 7928: 7924: 7913: 7909: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7879: 7875: 7865: 7863: 7859: 7845:Palaeohispanica 7840: 7834: 7830: 7820: 7818: 7814: 7807: 7803: 7802: 7798: 7791: 7783:. p. 115. 7773: 7766: 7756: 7754: 7753:on 2 March 2015 7743: 7739: 7729: 7727: 7723: 7712: 7708: 7707: 7700: 7693: 7679: 7675: 7665: 7663: 7648: 7644: 7634: 7632: 7617: 7613: 7603: 7601: 7588: 7587: 7583: 7573: 7571: 7560: 7556: 7550:Wayback Machine 7540: 7533: 7523: 7521: 7478: 7471: 7461: 7459: 7446: 7445: 7434: 7424: 7422: 7415: 7397: 7393: 7380: 7379: 7377: 7368: 7367: 7349: 7348: 7344: 7334: 7332: 7319: 7318: 7314: 7300:Wayback Machine 7290: 7286: 7279:The Irish Times 7274:Wayback Machine 7265: 7258: 7251:The Irish Times 7246:Wayback Machine 7237: 7230: 7220: 7218: 7214: 7203: 7199: 7198: 7187: 7175: 7173: 7154: 7152: 7137: 7130: 7120: 7118: 7099: 7098: 7094: 7084: 7082: 7078: 7071: 7067: 7066: 7062: 7052: 7050: 7045:. 30 May 2023. 7037: 7036: 7032: 7022: 7020: 7011: 7010: 7006: 6996: 6994: 6990: 6979: 6975: 6974: 6970: 6961: 6960: 6956: 6946: 6944: 6901: 6897: 6887: 6885: 6881: 6870: 6866: 6865: 6861: 6816: 6809: 6799: 6797: 6782: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6764: 6756: 6749: 6740: 6736: 6731: 6727: 6722: 6615: 6609: 6508:Cliffs of Moher 6500:Bunratty Castle 6473: 6467: 6462: 6408: 6402: 6397: 6353: 6348: 6318:United Kingdom 6307: 6277:United Kingdom 6262: 6199: 6179: 6173: 6165:Main articles: 6163: 6143:, particularly 6131:, particularly 6015:mashed potatoes 5956: 5950: 5889: 5865:Graeme McDowell 5829:Derval O'Rourke 5787: 5785:Golf in Ireland 5775:Main articles: 5773: 5740:Michael Carruth 5732: 5726: 5654:Rugby World Cup 5489: 5469:Main articles: 5467: 5403:Gaelic football 5400: 5394: 5388: 5361:crystallography 5164: 5152:Conor McPherson 5148:Sebastian Barry 5120: 5114: 5074: 5066:Main articles: 5064: 5052:the Cranberries 5044:Sinéad O'Connor 5036:the Saw Doctors 4999:Clancy Brothers 4995:the Wolfe Tones 4975:Irish composers 4929:Gregorian chant 4924: 4916:Main articles: 4914: 4912:Music and dance 4805:Charles Kickham 4737: 4733: 4694: 4688: 4672: 4636:Celtic knotwork 4612:Americanisation 4602:, County Tyrone 4593: 4585:Main articles: 4583: 4462:Scottish Gaelic 4445: 4439: 4408: 4403: 4199: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4184: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4140: 4006: 4005: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3992: 3991: 3985: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3969: 3961: 3960: 3959: 3953: 3945: 3944: 3943: 3937: 3921: 3907: 3580: 3568:Main articles: 3566: 3535: 3279:mainland Europe 3259: 3247:Main articles: 3245: 3243:Flora and fauna 3240: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3006: 3003: 2981:oceanic climate 2973: 2967: 2957:. In 2000, the 2832: 2826: 2798:Corrán Tuathail 2723: 2717: 2661: 2640:' 650 MPs. The 2607:Stormont Estate 2596: 2590: 2479: 2473: 2429: 2361:Provisional IRA 2290: 2282:Main articles: 2280: 2172: 2164:Main articles: 2162: 2154:Éamon de Valera 2146:Irish Civil War 2122: 2116: 2031:First World War 1984:George's father 1970:. Steering the 1862: 1856: 1772: 1766: 1735:United Irishmen 1653:Nine Years' War 1641:King of England 1633:King of Ireland 1612: 1606: 1565: 1553:Catholic Church 1511:Lord of Ireland 1416:in present-day 1386: 1380: 1368:Main articles: 1366: 1338:endemic warfare 1315:Frankish Empire 1271:A folio of the 1131:Mikra Brettania 1097: 1091: 987: 940:dry-stone walls 934:. An extensive 912:Ferriter's Cove 867: 861: 856: 850: 830:Irish mythology 828:, a goddess in 807: 760:Western culture 692:, which led to 551: 550: 529: 519: 518: 494: 490: 480: 472: 447: 442: 414: 411:4.5% not stated 318:Population rank 268: 248: 183: 161: 159: 155: 152: 147: 144: 142: 140: 139: 118: 117: 106: 93: 90:Satellite image 78: 77: 68: 52: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 19526: 19516: 19515: 19510: 19508:Celtic nations 19505: 19500: 19483: 19482: 19479: 19478: 19476: 19475: 19470: 19465: 19460: 19458:Northern Irish 19455: 19450: 19445: 19440: 19435: 19430: 19425: 19420: 19414: 19412: 19408: 19407: 19404: 19403: 19401: 19400: 19395: 19390: 19385: 19379: 19377: 19373: 19372: 19370: 19369: 19364: 19359: 19354: 19349: 19343: 19341: 19335: 19334: 19332: 19331: 19326: 19321: 19316: 19311: 19305: 19303: 19297: 19296: 19294: 19293: 19288: 19282: 19280: 19271: 19264: 19260: 19259: 19256: 19255: 19253: 19252: 19247: 19242: 19237: 19232: 19231: 19230: 19220: 19214: 19212: 19208: 19207: 19205: 19204: 19199: 19194: 19189: 19188: 19187: 19182: 19177: 19172: 19165:United Kingdom 19162: 19156: 19154: 19153:Current states 19150: 19149: 19147: 19146: 19140: 19138: 19131: 19119: 19118: 19115: 19114: 19112: 19111: 19110: 19109: 19104: 19099: 19092:United Kingdom 19089: 19084: 19079: 19074: 19068: 19066: 19062: 19061: 19059: 19058: 19053: 19052: 19051: 19046: 19039:Northern Isles 19036: 19031: 19026: 19025: 19024: 19019: 19009: 19004: 18999: 18993: 18991: 18984: 18980: 18979: 18976: 18975: 18973: 18972: 18967: 18962: 18957: 18952: 18946: 18944: 18940: 18939: 18937: 18936: 18931: 18926: 18920: 18918: 18912: 18911: 18909: 18908: 18902: 18897: 18892: 18886:United Kingdom 18883: 18877: 18875: 18866: 18862: 18861: 18859: 18858: 18857: 18856: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18836: 18831: 18826: 18816: 18810: 18807: 18806: 18799: 18798: 18791: 18784: 18776: 18767: 18766: 18764: 18763: 18756: 18750: 18747: 18746: 18743: 18742: 18740: 18739: 18734: 18729: 18724: 18719: 18714: 18709: 18704: 18699: 18693: 18690: 18689: 18679: 18678: 18675: 18674: 18672: 18671: 18666: 18661: 18656: 18651: 18646: 18641: 18636: 18631: 18629:Gaelic warfare 18625: 18623: 18617: 18616: 18614: 18613: 18608: 18605:Cyfraith Hywel 18602: 18596: 18594: 18588: 18587: 18571: 18570: 18567: 18566: 18563: 18562: 18560: 18559: 18554: 18552:Deeside Gaelic 18549: 18543: 18541: 18534: 18533: 18531: 18530: 18525: 18523:Hispano-Celtic 18520: 18515: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18495: 18490: 18485: 18480: 18478:Proto-Goidelic 18475: 18470: 18464: 18462: 18453: 18447: 18446: 18444: 18443: 18438: 18433: 18427: 18425: 18419: 18418: 18416: 18415: 18410: 18405: 18399: 18397: 18391: 18390: 18388: 18387: 18382: 18377: 18371: 18369: 18363: 18362: 18350: 18349: 18346: 18345: 18343: 18342: 18337: 18332: 18330:Celtic society 18327: 18325:Celtic Revival 18322: 18317: 18311: 18309: 18303: 18302: 18300: 18299: 18293:United Ireland 18290: 18285: 18280: 18274: 18272: 18268: 18267: 18265: 18264: 18259: 18254: 18248: 18246: 18242: 18241: 18239: 18238: 18237: 18236: 18226: 18225: 18224: 18214: 18209: 18204: 18199: 18198: 18197: 18187: 18186: 18185: 18180: 18169: 18167: 18163: 18162: 18152: 18151: 18148: 18147: 18144: 18143: 18141: 18140: 18138:Welsh handball 18135: 18130: 18125: 18120: 18118:Highland games 18115: 18110: 18105: 18100: 18090: 18085: 18080: 18075: 18068: 18063: 18058: 18051: 18045: 18043: 18039: 18038: 18036: 18035: 18030: 18025: 18020: 18015: 18010: 18005: 18004: 18003: 17994: 17985: 17976: 17961: 17959: 17953: 17952: 17949: 17948: 17946: 17945: 17940: 17935: 17930: 17925: 17920: 17914: 17912: 17905: 17904: 17899: 17894: 17889: 17884: 17879: 17874: 17869: 17863: 17861: 17855: 17854: 17852: 17851: 17846: 17844:Gaelic culture 17840: 17838: 17834: 17833: 17831: 17830: 17825: 17823:Highland dress 17820: 17815: 17809: 17807: 17803: 17802: 17800: 17799: 17794: 17789: 17787:Pictish stones 17784: 17779: 17774: 17769: 17764: 17759: 17754: 17749: 17744: 17743: 17742: 17732: 17726: 17724: 17718: 17717: 17715: 17714: 17709: 17704: 17699: 17694: 17689: 17683: 17681: 17677: 17676: 17674: 17673: 17668: 17663: 17658: 17653: 17648: 17643: 17638: 17633: 17628: 17623: 17618: 17613: 17607: 17605: 17595: 17594: 17584: 17583: 17580: 17579: 17576: 17575: 17572: 17571: 17569: 17568: 17563: 17558: 17552: 17550: 17546: 17545: 17543: 17542: 17530: 17518: 17506: 17494: 17482: 17469: 17467: 17457: 17448: 17447: 17446: 17445: 17440: 17430: 17425: 17424: 17423: 17413: 17412: 17411: 17406: 17401: 17391: 17389:Celtic nations 17386: 17384:Celtic Revival 17380: 17377: 17376: 17364: 17363: 17360: 17359: 17357: 17356: 17351: 17341: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17240: 17238: 17234: 17233: 17231: 17230: 17225: 17220: 17215: 17210: 17205: 17199: 17197: 17193: 17192: 17190: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17169: 17164: 17159: 17154: 17152:Celtic Animism 17149: 17147:Celtic deities 17144: 17139: 17133: 17131: 17127: 17126: 17124: 17123: 17118: 17113: 17108: 17106:Cisalpine Gaul 17103: 17102: 17101: 17096: 17078: 17069: 17044: 17035: 17033:Gaelic Ireland 17029: 17027: 17023: 17022: 17010: 17009: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16996: 16994: 16993: 16988: 16983: 16978: 16973: 16968: 16963: 16958: 16953: 16948: 16943: 16938: 16933: 16931:Manx Americans 16928: 16923: 16918: 16913: 16908: 16906:Irish Chileans 16903: 16898: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16878: 16873: 16871:English people 16868: 16863: 16858: 16853: 16848: 16842: 16840: 16836: 16835: 16833: 16832: 16830:Welsh diaspora 16827: 16822: 16820:Irish diaspora 16817: 16811: 16809: 16805: 16804: 16802: 16801: 16800: 16799: 16798: 16797: 16786: 16781: 16780: 16779: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16747: 16745: 16739: 16738: 16736: 16735: 16730: 16725: 16720: 16715: 16710: 16705: 16700: 16695: 16690: 16685: 16680: 16674: 16672: 16660: 16659: 16647: 16646: 16627:Celtic studies 16619:Celtic nations 16617: 16614: 16613: 16602: 16601: 16594: 16587: 16579: 16570: 16569: 16555: 16552: 16551: 16548: 16547: 16544: 16543: 16541: 16540: 16535: 16530: 16521: 16512: 16503: 16498: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16476:Heritage Sites 16473: 16468: 16463: 16457: 16455: 16451: 16450: 16448: 16447: 16442: 16437: 16432: 16427: 16426: 16425: 16415: 16410: 16403: 16397: 16395: 16389: 16388: 16386: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16365: 16360: 16355: 16350: 16345: 16340: 16334: 16332: 16326: 16325: 16323: 16322: 16317: 16312: 16307: 16302: 16300:Irish diaspora 16297: 16292: 16291: 16290: 16288:Gaelic Ireland 16280: 16274: 16272: 16266: 16265: 16263: 16262: 16257: 16250: 16243: 16236: 16229: 16222: 16215: 16214: 16213: 16208: 16203: 16198: 16187: 16185: 16179: 16178: 16176: 16175: 16170: 16165: 16160: 16159: 16158: 16148: 16141: 16135: 16133: 16127: 16126: 16124: 16123: 16118: 16113: 16108: 16101: 16096: 16090: 16088: 16082: 16081: 16079: 16078: 16073: 16068: 16063: 16057: 16055: 16049: 16048: 16046: 16045: 16040: 16031: 16029:Rose of Tralee 16026: 16021: 16016: 16011: 16006: 16000: 15998: 15994: 15993: 15991: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15973: 15967: 15965: 15959: 15958: 15955: 15954: 15952: 15951: 15946: 15941: 15936: 15931: 15926: 15921: 15915: 15913: 15909: 15908: 15906: 15905: 15900: 15895: 15890: 15885: 15880: 15875: 15870: 15865: 15860: 15855: 15850: 15845: 15840: 15838:List of dishes 15834: 15832: 15825: 15815: 15814: 15802: 15801: 15798: 15797: 15794: 15793: 15791: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15779: 15778: 15768: 15763: 15758: 15757: 15756: 15754:D'Hondt method 15745: 15743: 15737: 15736: 15734: 15733: 15728: 15727: 15726: 15721: 15715:Seanad Éireann 15711: 15691: 15686: 15681: 15680: 15679: 15669: 15664: 15659: 15654: 15648: 15646: 15640: 15639: 15637: 15636: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15615: 15613: 15605: 15604: 15592: 15591: 15588: 15587: 15584: 15583: 15581: 15580: 15575: 15570: 15565: 15560: 15555: 15550: 15545: 15536: 15531: 15526: 15525: 15524: 15519: 15508: 15506: 15502: 15501: 15499: 15498: 15489: 15488: 15487: 15477: 15472: 15467: 15462: 15457: 15455:Extreme points 15452: 15447: 15445:Climate change 15442: 15436: 15434: 15426: 15425: 15413: 15412: 15409: 15408: 15405: 15404: 15402: 15401: 15396: 15391: 15386: 15381: 15376: 15370: 15368: 15364: 15363: 15361: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15330: 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15285: 15280: 15275: 15270: 15265: 15263:1803 Rebellion 15260: 15255: 15253:1798 Rebellion 15250: 15245: 15240: 15238:Williamite War 15235: 15226: 15220:1641 Rebellion 15217: 15212: 15207: 15202: 15200:Spanish Armada 15197: 15192: 15190:Tudor conquest 15187: 15182: 15180:Bruce campaign 15177: 15172: 15158: 15156: 15152: 15151: 15149: 15148: 15143: 15138: 15137: 15136: 15126: 15125:(1921–present) 15120: 15115: 15113:Irish Republic 15110: 15109: 15108: 15098: 15097: 15096: 15091: 15081: 15080: 15079: 15074: 15072:800–1169 15063:Gaelic Ireland 15060: 15055: 15050: 15044: 15042: 15032: 15031: 15019: 15018: 15016: 15015: 15007: 14998: 14995: 14994: 14984: 14983: 14976: 14969: 14961: 14955: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14932: 14931:External links 14929: 14927: 14926: 14920: 14903: 14885: 14866: 14850: 14844: 14821: 14803: 14783: 14765: 14743: 14737: 14720: 14703: 14697: 14669: 14662: 14644: 14629: 14623: 14604: 14598: 14592:. p. 94. 14581: 14576:Daly, Mary E. 14574: 14556: 14537: 14530: 14524: 14507: 14502:Beckett, J.C. 14500: 14494: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14462: 14461: 14429: 14397: 14366: 14340: 14329:on 29 May 2014 14310: 14280: 14254: 14228: 14198: 14166: 14140: 14109: 14092:Fáilte Ireland 14072: 14068:National Trust 14048: 14031:World Heritage 14018: 14001:World Heritage 13988: 13956: 13934: 13911: 13885: 13859: 13824: 13789: 13758: 13726: 13693: 13660: 13641: 13621: 13591: 13584: 13566: 13535: 13528: 13510: 13503: 13479: 13472: 13448: 13441: 13417: 13410: 13386: 13357:(3): 160–161. 13337: 13322: 13315: 13286: 13260: 13234: 13203: 13177: 13147: 13113: 13087: 13057: 13027: 13001: 12968: 12938: 12902: 12864: 12838: 12812: 12777: 12746: 12720: 12689: 12663: 12631: 12601: 12571: 12536: 12527:|website= 12497: 12469: 12439: 12409: 12383: 12347: 12330:NobelPrize.org 12316: 12275: 12268: 12244: 12218: 12186: 12167: 12147: 12140: 12122: 12097: 12084: 12063: 12048: 12022: 11996: 11989: 11969: 11943: 11913: 11906: 11888: 11850: 11817: 11781: 11746: 11725: 11692: 11662: 11631: 11613:Irish Examiner 11599: 11566: 11547: 11527: 11491: 11458: 11449: 11418: 11398: 11368: 11338: 11317:"NI by County" 11308: 11278: 11271: 11253: 11226: 11190: 11171:on 11 May 2011 11163:Seanad Éireann 11156:National Parks 11142: 11112: 11082: 11046: 11029:"Biodiversity" 11020: 11005: 10990: 10979:on 19 May 2011 10959: 10944:Native Species 10936: 10918: 10895: 10863: 10830: 10800: 10787: 10754: 10728: 10695: 10659: 10623: 10605:Irish Examiner 10591: 10584: 10566: 10536: 10505: 10475: 10439: 10409: 10383: 10368: 10335: 10299: 10270: 10238: 10208: 10173: 10156: 10112: 10082: 10056: 10023: 9997: 9990: 9967: 9960: 9937: 9911: 9892: 9869: 9846: 9820: 9772: 9739: 9726: 9720:R. F. Foster, 9713: 9694: 9671: 9664: 9646: 9639: 9615: 9608: 9590: 9574: 9547: 9512: 9505: 9487: 9470:History Review 9451: 9444: 9423: 9416: 9398: 9365: 9332: 9302: 9272: 9257: 9242: 9235: 9217: 9198: 9178: 9148: 9141: 9120: 9113: 9092: 9085: 9051: 9044: 9026: 9000: 8974: 8967: 8946: 8936: 8922:Modern Ireland 8907: 8877: 8842: 8806: 8799: 8781: 8774: 8756: 8722: 8715: 8697: 8690: 8672: 8665: 8641: 8608: 8578: 8542: 8535: 8513: 8481: 8474: 8454: 8447: 8426: 8419: 8397: 8374: 8346: 8317: 8291: 8278: 8245: 8194: 8173: 8158: 8139: 8133:. p. 65. 8115: 8092:Hay, Maciamo. 8084: 8061:10.1086/424697 8055:(4): 693–702. 8033: 8006: 7979: 7970: 7961: 7949: 7922: 7907: 7893: 7873: 7828: 7796: 7789: 7764: 7747:"Céide Fields" 7737: 7698: 7691: 7673: 7642: 7625:Irish Examiner 7611: 7581: 7554: 7531: 7486:Marine Geology 7469: 7432: 7413: 7391: 7342: 7312: 7284: 7256: 7228: 7185: 7183: 7182: 7161: 7128: 7092: 7060: 7030: 7004: 6984:Planningni.gov 6968: 6954: 6895: 6859: 6807: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6747: 6734: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6611:Main article: 6608: 6605: 6593:Ashford Castle 6516:Blarney Castle 6504:Rock of Cashel 6475:There are two 6469:Main article: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6417:land-ownership 6413:trade barriers 6404:Main article: 6401: 6398: 6394: 6393: 6390: 6387: 6383: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6372: 6371: 6368: 6365: 6357: 6352: 6349: 6345: 6344: 6341: 6340:£14.4 billion 6338: 6334: 6333: 6330: 6327: 6323: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6308: 6304: 6303: 6300: 6299:£12.8 billion 6297: 6293: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6282: 6281: 6278: 6275: 6267: 6261: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6251: 6248: 6245: 6241: 6240: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6227: 6226: 6223: 6217: 6211: 6198: 6195: 6187:pound sterling 6162: 6159: 6103:cream liqueurs 5991:breakfast roll 5963:Gubbeen cheese 5952:Main article: 5949: 5948:Food and drink 5946: 5942:Coarse fishing 5888: 5885: 5836:2006 Ryder Cup 5772: 5769: 5728:Main article: 5725: 5722: 5574:Paul O'Connell 5466: 5463: 5390:Main article: 5387: 5384: 5289:Bell's Theorem 5226:induction coil 5214:Tyndall effect 5163: 5160: 5130:An Taibhdhearc 5116:Main article: 5113: 5110: 5068:Art of Ireland 5063: 5060: 5058:among others. 4991:the Chieftains 4913: 4910: 4840:Samuel Beckett 4781:Jonathan Swift 4742:Gaelic revival 4690:Main article: 4687: 4684: 4671: 4668: 4620:Celtic nations 4582: 4579: 4497:Gaelic Revival 4441:Main article: 4438: 4435: 4416:Irish diaspora 4407: 4404: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4380: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4342: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4323: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4304: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4266: 4262: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4246: 4242: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4226: 4222: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4205: 4201: 4200: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4159: 4156: 4132: 4131: 4116:Butler dynasty 4093:Roman Catholic 4070:no longer used 4010:four provinces 3996: 3995: 3987: 3986: 3979: 3978: 3971: 3970: 3963: 3962: 3955: 3954: 3947: 3946: 3939: 3938: 3931: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3906: 3903: 3693:aithechthúatha 3565: 3562: 3534: 3531: 3523:Boreal Kingdom 3486:Ulex europaeus 3476:Ulex europaeus 3398:trees such as 3354:apex predators 3330:Cervus elaphus 3244: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3231: 3222: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3082: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3038: 3037: 3031: 2969:Main article: 2966: 2963: 2883:County Wexford 2851:County Donegal 2828:Main article: 2825: 2822: 2719:Main article: 2716: 2713: 2660: 2657: 2609:, seat of the 2592:Main article: 2589: 2586: 2566:GDP per capita 2535:Seanad Éireann 2475:Main article: 2472: 2469: 2428: 2425: 2365:united Ireland 2341:gerrymandering 2279: 2276: 2259:European Union 2257:. In addition 2216:, but offered 2188:Irish counties 2161: 2158: 2118:Main article: 2115: 2112: 2092:Irish Republic 2041:and supported 2026:Home Rule Bill 1945:County Leitrim 1858:Main article: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1823:Battle of Naas 1820: 1768:Main article: 1765: 1764:1798 Rebellion 1762: 1746:famine of 1740 1672:Williamite War 1608:Main article: 1605: 1602: 1564: 1561: 1501:In 1172, Pope 1481:Synod of Kells 1418:County Wexford 1400:, the largest 1365: 1362: 1093:Main article: 1090: 1087: 996:Beaker culture 986: 983: 863:Main article: 860: 857: 852:Main article: 849: 846: 806: 803: 772:Irish language 746:European Union 718:United Kingdom 690:Tudor conquest 661:Gaelic Ireland 627:United Kingdom 482: 481: 479: 478: 471: 470: 465: 459: 456: 454: 444: 443: 441: 440: 429: 427: 421: 420: 416: 415: 413: 412: 409: 402: 396: 390: 384: 377: 375: 371: 370: 369: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 336: 332: 331: 328: 324: 323: 320: 314: 313: 310: 306: 305: 302: 298: 297: 293: 292: 286: 282: 281: 276: 270: 269: 266:United Kingdom 264: 261: 260: 254: 250: 249: 242: 239: 238: 237:Administration 234: 233: 228: 224: 223: 220: 216: 215: 212: 208: 207: 204: 198: 197: 194: 190: 189: 188:Atlantic Ocean 186: 180: 179: 174: 170: 169: 137: 133: 132: 129: 125: 124: 120: 119: 104: 103: 95: 94: 92:, October 2010 88: 80: 79: 76: 75: 59: 43: 42: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19525: 19514: 19511: 19509: 19506: 19504: 19503:British Isles 19501: 19499: 19496: 19495: 19493: 19474: 19471: 19469: 19466: 19464: 19461: 19459: 19456: 19454: 19451: 19449: 19446: 19444: 19441: 19439: 19436: 19434: 19431: 19429: 19426: 19424: 19421: 19419: 19416: 19415: 19413: 19409: 19399: 19396: 19394: 19391: 19389: 19386: 19384: 19381: 19380: 19378: 19374: 19368: 19365: 19363: 19360: 19358: 19355: 19353: 19350: 19348: 19345: 19344: 19342: 19340: 19336: 19330: 19327: 19325: 19322: 19320: 19317: 19315: 19312: 19310: 19307: 19306: 19304: 19302: 19298: 19292: 19289: 19287: 19284: 19283: 19281: 19279: 19275: 19272: 19268: 19265: 19261: 19251: 19248: 19246: 19243: 19241: 19238: 19236: 19233: 19229: 19226: 19225: 19224: 19221: 19219: 19216: 19215: 19213: 19211:Former states 19209: 19203: 19200: 19198: 19195: 19193: 19190: 19186: 19183: 19181: 19178: 19176: 19173: 19171: 19168: 19167: 19166: 19163: 19161: 19158: 19157: 19155: 19151: 19145: 19142: 19141: 19139: 19137:Island groups 19135: 19132: 19129: 19124: 19120: 19108: 19105: 19103: 19100: 19098: 19095: 19094: 19093: 19090: 19088: 19085: 19083: 19080: 19078: 19075: 19073: 19070: 19069: 19067: 19063: 19057: 19054: 19050: 19047: 19045: 19042: 19041: 19040: 19037: 19035: 19032: 19030: 19027: 19023: 19020: 19018: 19015: 19014: 19013: 19010: 19008: 19007:Great Britain 19005: 19003: 19000: 18998: 18995: 18994: 18992: 18990:Island groups 18988: 18985: 18981: 18971: 18968: 18966: 18963: 18961: 18958: 18956: 18953: 18951: 18948: 18947: 18945: 18941: 18935: 18932: 18930: 18927: 18925: 18922: 18921: 18919: 18917: 18913: 18906: 18903: 18901: 18898: 18896: 18893: 18891: 18887: 18884: 18882: 18879: 18878: 18876: 18874: 18870: 18867: 18863: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18840: 18837: 18835: 18832: 18830: 18827: 18825: 18822: 18821: 18820: 18817: 18815: 18812: 18811: 18808: 18804: 18803:British Isles 18797: 18792: 18790: 18785: 18783: 18778: 18777: 18774: 18761: 18757: 18755: 18752: 18751: 18748: 18738: 18737:– in Portugal 18735: 18733: 18730: 18728: 18725: 18723: 18720: 18718: 18717:– in Galician 18715: 18713: 18710: 18708: 18705: 18703: 18700: 18698: 18695: 18694: 18691: 18684: 18680: 18670: 18667: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18655: 18652: 18650: 18647: 18645: 18642: 18640: 18637: 18635: 18632: 18630: 18627: 18626: 18624: 18622: 18618: 18612: 18609: 18606: 18603: 18601: 18598: 18597: 18595: 18593: 18589: 18585: 18581: 18576: 18572: 18558: 18555: 18553: 18550: 18548: 18545: 18544: 18542: 18539: 18535: 18529: 18526: 18524: 18521: 18519: 18516: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18501: 18499: 18496: 18494: 18491: 18489: 18486: 18484: 18481: 18479: 18476: 18474: 18471: 18469: 18466: 18465: 18463: 18461: 18457: 18454: 18452: 18448: 18442: 18439: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18429: 18428: 18426: 18424: 18420: 18414: 18411: 18409: 18406: 18404: 18401: 18400: 18398: 18396: 18392: 18386: 18383: 18381: 18378: 18376: 18373: 18372: 18370: 18368: 18364: 18360: 18355: 18351: 18341: 18338: 18336: 18333: 18331: 18328: 18326: 18323: 18321: 18318: 18316: 18315:Celtic League 18313: 18312: 18310: 18308: 18307:Pan-Celticism 18304: 18298: 18294: 18291: 18289: 18286: 18284: 18281: 18279: 18276: 18275: 18273: 18269: 18263: 18260: 18258: 18255: 18253: 18250: 18249: 18247: 18243: 18235: 18232: 18231: 18230: 18227: 18223: 18220: 18219: 18218: 18215: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18196: 18193: 18192: 18191: 18188: 18184: 18183:reunification 18181: 18179: 18176: 18175: 18174: 18171: 18170: 18168: 18164: 18157: 18153: 18139: 18136: 18134: 18131: 18129: 18126: 18124: 18121: 18119: 18116: 18114: 18111: 18109: 18106: 18104: 18101: 18098: 18094: 18091: 18089: 18086: 18084: 18081: 18079: 18076: 18074: 18073: 18069: 18067: 18064: 18062: 18059: 18057: 18056: 18052: 18050: 18047: 18046: 18044: 18040: 18034: 18031: 18029: 18026: 18024: 18021: 18019: 18016: 18014: 18011: 18009: 18006: 18002: 17998: 17995: 17993: 17989: 17986: 17984: 17980: 17977: 17975: 17971: 17968: 17967: 17966: 17963: 17962: 17960: 17958: 17954: 17944: 17941: 17939: 17936: 17934: 17931: 17929: 17926: 17924: 17921: 17919: 17916: 17915: 17913: 17909: 17903: 17900: 17898: 17895: 17893: 17890: 17888: 17885: 17883: 17880: 17878: 17875: 17873: 17870: 17868: 17865: 17864: 17862: 17860: 17856: 17850: 17847: 17845: 17842: 17841: 17839: 17835: 17829: 17826: 17824: 17821: 17819: 17816: 17814: 17811: 17810: 17808: 17804: 17798: 17797:Triple spiral 17795: 17793: 17790: 17788: 17785: 17783: 17780: 17778: 17775: 17773: 17770: 17768: 17765: 17763: 17760: 17758: 17755: 17753: 17750: 17748: 17745: 17741: 17738: 17737: 17736: 17733: 17731: 17728: 17727: 17725: 17723: 17719: 17713: 17710: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17698: 17695: 17693: 17690: 17688: 17685: 17684: 17682: 17678: 17672: 17669: 17667: 17664: 17662: 17659: 17657: 17654: 17652: 17649: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17639: 17637: 17634: 17632: 17629: 17627: 17624: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17616:Bardic Poetry 17614: 17612: 17609: 17608: 17606: 17604: 17600: 17596: 17589: 17585: 17567: 17564: 17562: 17559: 17557: 17554: 17553: 17551: 17547: 17539: 17534: 17531: 17527: 17522: 17519: 17515: 17510: 17507: 17503: 17498: 17495: 17491: 17486: 17483: 17479: 17474: 17471: 17470: 17468: 17465: 17464:Celtic League 17461: 17458: 17456: 17452: 17444: 17441: 17439: 17436: 17435: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17422: 17419: 17418: 17417: 17414: 17410: 17407: 17405: 17404:Celtic League 17402: 17400: 17397: 17396: 17395: 17394:Pan-Celticism 17392: 17390: 17387: 17385: 17382: 17381: 17378: 17374: 17369: 17365: 17355: 17352: 17349: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17294:Gaelicisation 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17269:Celticisation 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17241: 17239: 17235: 17229: 17226: 17224: 17221: 17219: 17216: 17214: 17211: 17209: 17206: 17204: 17201: 17200: 17198: 17194: 17188: 17185: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17153: 17150: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17140: 17138: 17135: 17134: 17132: 17128: 17122: 17119: 17117: 17114: 17112: 17109: 17107: 17104: 17100: 17097: 17095: 17091: 17087: 17084: 17083: 17082: 17079: 17077: 17073: 17072:Iron Age Gaul 17070: 17068: 17064: 17060: 17056: 17055:Roman Britain 17052: 17048: 17045: 17043: 17039: 17036: 17034: 17031: 17030: 17028: 17024: 17020: 17015: 17011: 17006: 16992: 16989: 16987: 16984: 16982: 16979: 16977: 16974: 16972: 16969: 16967: 16964: 16962: 16959: 16957: 16954: 16952: 16949: 16947: 16944: 16942: 16939: 16937: 16934: 16932: 16929: 16927: 16924: 16922: 16919: 16917: 16914: 16912: 16911:Irish Mexican 16909: 16907: 16904: 16902: 16899: 16897: 16894: 16892: 16889: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16879: 16877: 16874: 16872: 16869: 16867: 16864: 16862: 16859: 16857: 16854: 16852: 16849: 16847: 16844: 16843: 16841: 16837: 16831: 16828: 16826: 16823: 16821: 16818: 16816: 16813: 16812: 16810: 16806: 16796: 16792: 16791: 16790: 16787: 16785: 16782: 16778: 16774: 16773: 16772: 16769: 16768: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16748: 16746: 16744: 16740: 16734: 16731: 16729: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16694: 16691: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16675: 16673: 16670: 16665: 16661: 16657: 16652: 16648: 16644: 16640: 16636: 16635:Celtic tribes 16632: 16628: 16624: 16620: 16615: 16611: 16607: 16600: 16595: 16593: 16588: 16586: 16581: 16580: 16577: 16567: 16566: 16553: 16539: 16536: 16534: 16533:Public houses 16531: 16529: 16525: 16522: 16520: 16516: 16513: 16511: 16507: 16504: 16502: 16499: 16497: 16494: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16469: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16458: 16456: 16452: 16446: 16443: 16441: 16438: 16436: 16433: 16431: 16428: 16424: 16421: 16420: 16419: 16416: 16414: 16411: 16409: 16408: 16404: 16402: 16399: 16398: 16396: 16394: 16390: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16335: 16333: 16331: 16327: 16321: 16318: 16316: 16313: 16311: 16308: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16289: 16286: 16285: 16284: 16281: 16279: 16276: 16275: 16273: 16271: 16267: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16255: 16251: 16249: 16248: 16244: 16242: 16241: 16237: 16235: 16234: 16230: 16228: 16227: 16223: 16221: 16220: 16216: 16212: 16209: 16207: 16204: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16193: 16192: 16189: 16188: 16186: 16184: 16180: 16174: 16171: 16169: 16166: 16164: 16161: 16157: 16154: 16153: 16152: 16149: 16147: 16146: 16142: 16140: 16137: 16136: 16134: 16132: 16128: 16122: 16119: 16117: 16114: 16112: 16109: 16107: 16106: 16102: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16091: 16089: 16087: 16083: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16069: 16067: 16064: 16062: 16059: 16058: 16056: 16054: 16050: 16044: 16041: 16039: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16012: 16010: 16007: 16005: 16002: 16001: 15999: 15995: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15978: 15974: 15972: 15969: 15968: 15966: 15964: 15960: 15950: 15947: 15945: 15942: 15940: 15937: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15916: 15914: 15910: 15904: 15901: 15899: 15896: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15864: 15861: 15859: 15856: 15854: 15851: 15849: 15846: 15844: 15841: 15839: 15836: 15835: 15833: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15820: 15816: 15812: 15807: 15803: 15789: 15788:Peace process 15786: 15784: 15781: 15777: 15774: 15773: 15772: 15769: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15759: 15755: 15752: 15751: 15750: 15747: 15746: 15744: 15742: 15738: 15732: 15729: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15718:(upper house) 15716: 15712: 15710: 15708:(lower house) 15706: 15702: 15701: 15700: 15696: 15692: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15678: 15675: 15674: 15673: 15670: 15668: 15665: 15663: 15660: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15649: 15647: 15645: 15641: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15624:Republicanism 15622: 15620: 15617: 15616: 15614: 15610: 15606: 15602: 15597: 15593: 15579: 15576: 15574: 15571: 15569: 15566: 15564: 15561: 15559: 15556: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15540: 15537: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15527: 15523: 15520: 15518: 15515: 15514: 15513: 15510: 15509: 15507: 15503: 15497: 15493: 15490: 15486: 15483: 15482: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15441: 15438: 15437: 15435: 15431: 15427: 15423: 15418: 15414: 15400: 15397: 15395: 15392: 15390: 15387: 15385: 15382: 15380: 15377: 15375: 15372: 15371: 15369: 15365: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15338:Peace process 15336: 15334: 15331: 15329: 15326: 15324: 15321: 15319: 15318:The Emergency 15316: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15298:Easter Rising 15296: 15294: 15291: 15289: 15286: 15284: 15283:Fenian Rising 15281: 15279: 15276: 15274: 15271: 15269: 15266: 15264: 15261: 15259: 15256: 15254: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15239: 15236: 15234: 15230: 15227: 15225: 15221: 15218: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15206: 15203: 15201: 15198: 15196: 15193: 15191: 15188: 15186: 15183: 15181: 15178: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15167: 15163: 15160: 15159: 15157: 15153: 15147: 15144: 15142: 15139: 15135: 15132: 15131: 15130: 15127: 15124: 15121: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15107: 15104: 15103: 15102: 15099: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15086: 15085: 15082: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15070: 15069: 15068: 15064: 15061: 15059: 15058:Early history 15056: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15045: 15043: 15041: 15037: 15033: 15029: 15024: 15020: 15014: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15000: 14999: 14996: 14992: 14989: 14982: 14977: 14975: 14970: 14968: 14963: 14962: 14959: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14935: 14934: 14923: 14917: 14913: 14909: 14904: 14892: 14888: 14882: 14878: 14874: 14873: 14867: 14863: 14859: 14855: 14851: 14847: 14841: 14837: 14833: 14829: 14828: 14822: 14810: 14806: 14800: 14796: 14795: 14789: 14784: 14772: 14768: 14762: 14758: 14754: 14753: 14748: 14744: 14740: 14734: 14730: 14726: 14721: 14719: 14715: 14712: 14708: 14704: 14700: 14694: 14690: 14686: 14685:Penguin Books 14681: 14680: 14674: 14670: 14667: 14663: 14651: 14647: 14641: 14637: 14636: 14630: 14626: 14620: 14616: 14612: 14611: 14605: 14601: 14595: 14591: 14587: 14582: 14579: 14575: 14563: 14559: 14553: 14549: 14545: 14544: 14538: 14535: 14531: 14527: 14521: 14517: 14513: 14508: 14505: 14501: 14497: 14491: 14487: 14483: 14479: 14478: 14472: 14471: 14446: 14439: 14433: 14414: 14407: 14401: 14386: 14382: 14378: 14377: 14370: 14354: 14350: 14344: 14328: 14324: 14320: 14314: 14298: 14294: 14290: 14284: 14268: 14264: 14258: 14242: 14238: 14232: 14216: 14212: 14208: 14202: 14186: 14182: 14181: 14176: 14170: 14154: 14150: 14144: 14128: 14124: 14120: 14113: 14097: 14093: 14089: 14083: 14081: 14079: 14077: 14069: 14065: 14061: 14058: 14052: 14036: 14032: 14028: 14022: 14006: 14002: 13998: 13992: 13985: 13973: 13969: 13968: 13960: 13953: 13941: 13937: 13931: 13927: 13926: 13921: 13915: 13899: 13895: 13889: 13873: 13869: 13863: 13844: 13837: 13831: 13829: 13812: 13808: 13804: 13798: 13796: 13794: 13777: 13773: 13767: 13765: 13763: 13743: 13736: 13730: 13714: 13710: 13704: 13702: 13700: 13698: 13681: 13677: 13673: 13667: 13665: 13648: 13644: 13638: 13634: 13633: 13625: 13609: 13605: 13598: 13596: 13587: 13581: 13577: 13570: 13554: 13550: 13546: 13539: 13531: 13529:9780415070911 13525: 13521: 13514: 13506: 13500: 13496: 13492: 13491: 13483: 13475: 13469: 13465: 13461: 13460: 13452: 13444: 13438: 13434: 13430: 13429: 13421: 13413: 13407: 13403: 13399: 13398: 13390: 13381: 13376: 13372: 13368: 13364: 13360: 13356: 13352: 13348: 13341: 13333: 13326: 13318: 13312: 13308: 13301: 13299: 13297: 13295: 13293: 13291: 13274: 13270: 13264: 13248: 13244: 13238: 13222: 13218: 13214: 13207: 13191: 13187: 13181: 13165: 13161: 13157: 13151: 13135: 13131: 13127: 13123: 13117: 13101: 13097: 13091: 13075: 13071: 13067: 13061: 13045: 13041: 13037: 13031: 13015: 13011: 13005: 12986: 12979: 12972: 12956: 12952: 12948: 12942: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12912: 12906: 12890: 12885: 12884: 12878: 12874: 12868: 12852: 12848: 12842: 12826: 12822: 12816: 12800: 12796: 12792: 12786: 12784: 12782: 12774: 12763: 12762: 12757: 12750: 12734: 12730: 12724: 12708: 12704: 12700: 12693: 12677: 12673: 12667: 12648: 12641: 12635: 12619: 12615: 12611: 12605: 12589: 12585: 12581: 12575: 12556: 12549: 12543: 12541: 12532: 12520: 12504: 12500: 12498:9789280534320 12494: 12490: 12486: 12482: 12481: 12473: 12457: 12453: 12449: 12443: 12427: 12423: 12419: 12413: 12397: 12393: 12387: 12368: 12364: 12363: 12362:Physics World 12358: 12351: 12335: 12331: 12327: 12320: 12301: 12297: 12293: 12286: 12279: 12271: 12265: 12261: 12257: 12256: 12248: 12232: 12228: 12222: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12190: 12174: 12170: 12164: 12160: 12159: 12151: 12143: 12137: 12133: 12126: 12119: 12115: 12111: 12107: 12101: 12094: 12088: 12081: 12080:0-7524-3129-3 12077: 12073: 12067: 12059: 12052: 12036: 12032: 12026: 12010: 12006: 12000: 11992: 11986: 11982: 11981: 11973: 11957: 11953: 11947: 11931: 11927: 11923: 11917: 11909: 11903: 11899: 11892: 11876: 11871: 11870: 11864: 11860: 11854: 11838: 11834: 11833: 11828: 11821: 11802: 11798: 11791: 11785: 11769: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11750: 11744: 11740: 11737: 11736: 11729: 11713: 11709: 11708: 11703: 11696: 11680: 11676: 11672: 11666: 11650: 11646: 11642: 11635: 11619: 11615: 11614: 11609: 11603: 11587: 11583: 11582: 11577: 11570: 11554: 11550: 11544: 11540: 11539: 11531: 11515: 11511: 11510: 11505: 11501: 11495: 11479: 11475: 11474: 11469: 11462: 11453: 11437: 11433: 11429: 11422: 11415: 11411: 11408: 11402: 11386: 11382: 11378: 11372: 11356: 11352: 11348: 11342: 11326: 11322: 11318: 11312: 11296: 11292: 11288: 11282: 11274: 11268: 11264: 11257: 11241: 11237: 11230: 11214: 11210: 11209: 11204: 11197: 11195: 11186: 11185: 11170: 11165: 11164: 11158: 11157: 11152: 11146: 11130: 11126: 11122: 11116: 11100: 11096: 11092: 11086: 11067: 11063: 11056: 11050: 11034: 11030: 11024: 11016: 11009: 11001: 10994: 10978: 10974: 10970: 10963: 10956: 10952: 10948: 10945: 10940: 10925: 10921: 10915: 10911: 10907: 10906: 10899: 10883: 10879: 10878: 10873: 10867: 10848: 10841: 10834: 10818: 10814: 10810: 10804: 10797: 10791: 10775: 10771: 10770: 10765: 10758: 10742: 10738: 10732: 10716: 10712: 10711: 10706: 10699: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10669: 10663: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10633: 10627: 10611: 10607: 10606: 10601: 10595: 10587: 10581: 10577: 10570: 10554: 10550: 10546: 10540: 10524: 10520: 10516: 10509: 10493: 10489: 10485: 10479: 10460: 10456: 10449: 10443: 10427: 10423: 10419: 10413: 10397: 10393: 10387: 10379: 10372: 10356: 10352: 10348: 10342: 10340: 10332: 10319: 10315: 10314: 10309: 10303: 10296: 10284: 10280: 10274: 10258: 10254: 10253: 10248: 10242: 10226: 10222: 10218: 10212: 10193: 10186: 10185: 10177: 10166: 10160: 10152: 10137: 10133: 10129: 10122: 10116: 10100: 10096: 10092: 10086: 10070: 10066: 10060: 10041: 10034: 10027: 10011: 10007: 10001: 9993: 9987: 9983: 9981: 9971: 9963: 9957: 9953: 9951: 9941: 9925: 9921: 9915: 9899: 9895: 9893:0-10-103802-X 9889: 9885: 9884: 9879: 9873: 9865: 9853: 9849: 9847:0-7190-0919-7 9843: 9839: 9835: 9831: 9824: 9805: 9801: 9797: 9793: 9789: 9782: 9776: 9760: 9756: 9755: 9750: 9743: 9736: 9730: 9723: 9717: 9701: 9697: 9691: 9687: 9683: 9682: 9675: 9667: 9661: 9657: 9650: 9642: 9636: 9632: 9628: 9627: 9619: 9611: 9605: 9601: 9594: 9587: 9581: 9579: 9562: 9558: 9551: 9543: 9539: 9535: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9516: 9508: 9502: 9498: 9491: 9475: 9472:(38): 34–36. 9471: 9467: 9460: 9458: 9456: 9447: 9441: 9437: 9430: 9428: 9419: 9413: 9409: 9402: 9386: 9382: 9381: 9376: 9369: 9353: 9349: 9348: 9343: 9336: 9320: 9316: 9312: 9306: 9290: 9286: 9282: 9276: 9268: 9261: 9253: 9246: 9238: 9232: 9228: 9221: 9205: 9201: 9195: 9191: 9190: 9182: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9152: 9144: 9138: 9134: 9127: 9125: 9116: 9110: 9106: 9099: 9097: 9088: 9082: 9078: 9073: 9067: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9047: 9041: 9037: 9030: 9014: 9010: 9004: 8988: 8984: 8978: 8970: 8964: 8960: 8953: 8951: 8943: 8939: 8933: 8929: 8924: 8923: 8917: 8911: 8895: 8891: 8887: 8881: 8865: 8861: 8857: 8853: 8846: 8827: 8823: 8816: 8810: 8802: 8796: 8792: 8785: 8777: 8771: 8767: 8760: 8752: 8746: 8738: 8733: 8726: 8718: 8712: 8708: 8701: 8693: 8687: 8683: 8676: 8668: 8662: 8658: 8654: 8653: 8645: 8629: 8625: 8624: 8619: 8612: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8582: 8563: 8556: 8552: 8546: 8538: 8532: 8528: 8524: 8517: 8501: 8497: 8496: 8491: 8485: 8477: 8471: 8467: 8466: 8458: 8450: 8444: 8440: 8433: 8431: 8422: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8401: 8393: 8392: 8386: 8378: 8370: 8366: 8362: 8361: 8356: 8350: 8342: 8336: 8328: 8321: 8314: 8309: 8303: 8302: 8295: 8288: 8282: 8273: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8249: 8233: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8209: 8205: 8198: 8190: 8186: 8185: 8177: 8169: 8162: 8146: 8142: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8127: 8119: 8103: 8099: 8095: 8088: 8080: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8062: 8058: 8054: 8050: 8049: 8044: 8037: 8026: 8019: 8018: 8010: 7999: 7992: 7991: 7983: 7974: 7965: 7958: 7953: 7937: 7933: 7926: 7918: 7911: 7896: 7890: 7886: 7885: 7877: 7858: 7854: 7850: 7846: 7839: 7832: 7813: 7806: 7800: 7792: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7771: 7769: 7752: 7748: 7741: 7722: 7718: 7717:Ireland's DNA 7711: 7705: 7703: 7694: 7688: 7684: 7677: 7661: 7657: 7653: 7646: 7630: 7626: 7622: 7615: 7599: 7595: 7591: 7585: 7569: 7565: 7562:Lane, Megan. 7558: 7551: 7547: 7544: 7538: 7536: 7519: 7515: 7511: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7476: 7474: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7420: 7416: 7410: 7406: 7402: 7395: 7387: 7372: 7364: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7346: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7316: 7308: 7307: 7301: 7297: 7294: 7288: 7281: 7280: 7275: 7271: 7268: 7263: 7261: 7253: 7252: 7247: 7243: 7240: 7235: 7233: 7213: 7209: 7202: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7171: 7167: 7166:"2021 Census" 7162: 7150: 7146: 7141: 7140: 7135: 7133: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7107: 7102: 7096: 7077: 7070: 7064: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7034: 7018: 7014: 7008: 6989: 6985: 6978: 6972: 6964: 6958: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6899: 6880: 6876: 6869: 6863: 6855: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6814: 6812: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6780: 6778: 6773: 6760: 6754: 6752: 6744: 6738: 6729: 6725: 6717: 6715: 6714:Turlough Hill 6711: 6710:wind turbines 6707: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6690: 6688: 6683: 6679: 6671: 6666: 6662: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6635: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6614: 6604: 6602: 6598: 6597:Castle Leslie 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6557:Stately homes 6554: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6531: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6496: 6494: 6493:Mount Stewart 6490: 6485: 6484: 6483:Brú na Bóinne 6478: 6472: 6454: 6450: 6447: 6443: 6441: 6437: 6436: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6407: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6380: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6363: 6356: 6343:£3.1 billion 6342: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6332:£2.5 billion 6331: 6329:£13.4 billion 6328: 6325: 6324: 6314: 6302:£5.2 billion 6301: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6291:£4.2 billion 6290: 6288:£11.3 billion 6287: 6284: 6283: 6273: 6266: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6229: 6228: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6216: 6212: 6210: 6206: 6205: 6202: 6194: 6192: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6172: 6168: 6158: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6147: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6091:Scotch whisky 6088: 6083: 6081: 6080:Irish whiskey 6076: 6072: 6064: 6059: 6055: 6053: 6049: 6046:in Dublin or 6045: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5994: 5992: 5988: 5987:black pudding 5984: 5980: 5976: 5971: 5964: 5960: 5955: 5954:Irish cuisine 5945: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5918: 5916: 5912: 5907: 5903: 5898: 5894: 5884: 5882: 5878: 5877:Darren Clarke 5874: 5870: 5866: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5832: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5805: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5768: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5731: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5714:Triple Crowns 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5642: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5540: 5536: 5531: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5456: 5450: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5419: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5393: 5383: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5364: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5345:Fermat number 5342: 5338: 5337:number theory 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5321:Edgeworth Box 5318: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5272: 5270: 5269:Joseph Larmor 5266: 5262: 5258: 5257:wave equation 5254: 5250: 5246: 5245:Ernest Walton 5242: 5237: 5235: 5234:galvanisation 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5172: 5168: 5159: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5132: 5131: 5125: 5124:Abbey Theatre 5119: 5118:Irish theatre 5109: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5086:William Orpen 5083: 5079: 5073: 5069: 5059: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5015:Christy Moore 5010: 5004: 5003:Sweeney's Men 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4987:the Dubliners 4983: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4971: 4966: 4962: 4961:Christ Church 4958: 4954: 4953:Dublin Castle 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4923: 4919: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4888: 4882: 4881:John McGahern 4877: 4874: 4873: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4854: 4849: 4845: 4844:Seamus Heaney 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4773: 4765: 4757: 4749: 4743: 4726: 4720: 4714: 4706: 4699: 4693: 4681: 4680:Book of Kells 4676: 4667: 4665: 4660: 4658: 4654: 4649: 4645: 4643: 4639: 4637: 4632: 4631: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4608:Anglicisation 4601: 4597: 4592: 4588: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4559: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4538: 4533: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4501: 4500:instruction. 4498: 4493: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4478: 4474: 4469: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4449: 4444: 4434: 4431: 4427: 4425: 4424:Polish people 4420: 4417: 4412: 4402: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4385: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4340: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4309: 4305: 4302: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4263: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4231: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4187: 4182: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4149: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4130: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4081:royal charter 4078: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4024:(south), and 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4003: 3999: 3990: 3974: 3958: 3942: 3928: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3902: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3872: 3870: 3865: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3837: 3830: 3829: 3822: 3821: 3814: 3813: 3806: 3805: 3798: 3797: 3790: 3789: 3782: 3781: 3774: 3773: 3766: 3765: 3758: 3757: 3750: 3749: 3742: 3741: 3734: 3733: 3726: 3725: 3718: 3717: 3710: 3709: 3702: 3701: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3680: 3679: 3672: 3671: 3664: 3663: 3656: 3655: 3648: 3647: 3640: 3639: 3632: 3631: 3624: 3623: 3616: 3615: 3608: 3607: 3600: 3599: 3592: 3584: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3561: 3559: 3555: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3497: 3492: 3488: 3487: 3478: 3477: 3471: 3467: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3434:, as well as 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3392: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3365:common lizard 3361: 3359: 3355: 3350: 3347:plantations, 3346: 3342: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3272: 3271:Vulpes vulpes 3268: 3263: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3233: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3083: 3039: 3034: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3000: 2998: 2994: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2972: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2909:Carboniferous 2906: 2903: 2902:metamorphosed 2899: 2895: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2865:and south to 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2810:River Shannon 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2790:Carrauntoohil 2786: 2784: 2780: 2778: 2777:British Isles 2772: 2771:British Isles 2768: 2764: 2760: 2759:North Channel 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2727: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2705: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2666: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2634:UK government 2630: 2628: 2623: 2619: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2552: 2546: 2542: 2536: 2528: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2503:based on the 2502: 2495: 2490: 2489: 2483: 2478: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2433: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2412: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2312:Edward Carson 2309: 2305: 2303: 2299: 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Retrieved 14871: 14857: 14830:. New York: 14826: 14813:. Retrieved 14793: 14775:. Retrieved 14751: 14724: 14706: 14678: 14666:Éire-Ireland 14665: 14654:. Retrieved 14634: 14609: 14585: 14577: 14566:. Retrieved 14542: 14533: 14511: 14503: 14476: 14467:Bibliography 14452:. Retrieved 14445:the original 14432: 14420:. Retrieved 14400: 14389:, retrieved 14385:the original 14375: 14369: 14357:. Retrieved 14353:the original 14343: 14331:. Retrieved 14327:the original 14313: 14303:19 September 14301:. Retrieved 14283: 14271:. Retrieved 14267:the original 14257: 14245:. Retrieved 14241:the original 14231: 14219:. Retrieved 14210: 14201: 14189:. Retrieved 14178: 14169: 14157:. Retrieved 14152: 14143: 14131:. Retrieved 14127:the original 14122: 14112: 14100:. Retrieved 14096:the original 14091: 14051: 14039:. Retrieved 14030: 14021: 14009:. Retrieved 14000: 13991: 13983: 13976:. Retrieved 13966: 13959: 13951: 13944:. Retrieved 13924: 13914: 13902:. Retrieved 13898:the original 13888: 13876:. 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Koch 988: 971:metalworking 952: 936:field system 926:Céide Fields 920:carbon-dated 916:County Kerry 898: 891: 887:County Clare 868: 837: 823: 819:derive from 810: 808: 800: 788:horse racing 764:Gaelic games 750: 659: 639: 617:(officially 560:Ulster-Scots 486: 485: 356:Ulster Scots 327:Pop. density 296:Demographics 285:Largest city 253:Largest city 243: 110: 71:Ulster Scots 61: 33: 19357:Guernésiais 19202:Isle of Man 19087:Isle of Man 19034:Isle of Man 18934:Isle of Man 18819:Terminology 18669:Trimarcisia 18654:Gallóglaigh 18483:Celtiberian 18207:Isle of Man 18166:Nationalism 18055:Bataireacht 17974:Calan Gaeaf 17933:Isle of Man 17777:Leaf-crowns 17767:Insular art 17740:Dragonesque 17702:Isle of Man 17556:Nova Scotia 17509:Isle of Man 17433:Neopaganism 17177:Monasticism 16688:Caledonians 16506:Place names 16383:Rugby union 16278:Anglo-Irish 16163:Instruments 16019:The Twelfth 15983:Set dancing 15783:LGBT rights 15689:LGBT rights 15619:Nationalism 15185:Black Death 14727:. Ireland: 14532:Bew, Paul. 14454:11 November 13070:Ireland.com 12895:28 February 12739:30 December 12462:2 September 12432:24 November 12373:22 November 12110:Harry White 12093:Early Music 11926:Census 2006 11881:9 September 11718:16 February 11655:30 December 11592:30 December 11559:9 September 11219:30 December 11151:Roche, Dick 10877:The Journal 10747:15 December 10677:Met Éireann 10652:11 November 10641:Met Éireann 10231:18 November 10145:30 November 9325:18 December 8835:9 September 7942:12 December 7524:25 February 7462:12 February 7306:Met Éireann 6800:11 November 6687:heating oil 6655:Loughshinny 6573:Castle Ward 6520:Glendalough 6444:1845–1849: 6425:deportation 6129:porter beer 6109:, and the " 5911:wreck dives 5897:Donegal Bay 5443:motor sport 5429:, fishing, 5414:at 8%. The 5313:quaternions 5261:Lord Kelvin 5230:transformer 5203:Boyle's law 5156:Billy Roche 5144:Brian Friel 5106:Alice Maher 5098:Sean Scully 4922:Irish dance 4905:James Joyce 4848:James Joyce 4821:Oscar Wilde 4738: 1800 4734: 1743 4624:Isle of Man 4535:areas near 4161:Settlement 4100:city status 4077:legislative 3899:Irish Times 3860:, English, 3836:Uí Liatháin 3521:within the 3456:plantations 3438:trees such 3389:extirpation 3311:pine marten 3228:Met Éireann 3021:, 2013 and 2925:Silvermines 2702:all-Ireland 2647:Along with 2541:upper house 2445:open border 2380:direct rule 2130:Second Dáil 1976:Robert Peel 1941:1841 census 1742:Great Frost 1688:West Indies 1639:, the then 1579:passed the 1569:Black Death 1533:Magna Carta 1496:plantations 1394:Trim Castle 1217:Brehon Laws 1159:in contrast 1117:Greco-Roman 1083:David Reich 883:land bridge 881:(but not a 869:During the 776:Irish dance 768:Irish music 650:Middle Ages 184:Adjacent to 173:Archipelago 160: / 136:Coordinates 19492:Categories 19367:Sercquiais 18732:– in Italy 18634:Ceathairne 18498:Gallaecian 18128:Road bowls 18033:Eisteddfod 18001:Calan Awst 17997:Lughnasadh 17603:Literature 17466:definition 17289:Clan chief 17076:Roman Gaul 17067:Hen Ogledd 16793:including 16775:including 16407:Cláirseach 16310:Travellers 16168:Rock music 16151:Folk music 16086:Literature 15888:Soda bread 15771:Government 15698:parliament 15695:Oireachtas 15672:Government 15612:Ideologies 15243:Penal Laws 15134:since 1922 15048:Prehistory 14897:26 October 14834:. p. 14815:26 October 14777:26 October 14687:. p. 14656:26 October 14588:. Dublin: 14568:26 October 14514:. Munich: 14484:. p. 14480:. London: 14422:20 October 14247:13 January 14102:22 October 13751:28 October 13686:9 February 13549:GlobalPost 13140:8 November 13106:8 November 12831:13 October 12767:25 January 12656:15 October 12594:24 January 12564:21 October 12509:23 October 12422:Science.ie 12015:23 January 11962:20 October 11936:9 November 11764:Irish News 11647:. London. 11624:9 December 11520:9 November 11442:31 January 11331:15 October 11301:23 January 11135:4 December 10856:28 October 10780:2 November 10688:5 November 10668:"Rainfall" 10616:27 January 10529:5 November 10498:9 November 10468:5 November 10432:5 November 10316:. London. 10289:9 December 10049:15 October 9930:23 October 9904:23 October 9706:26 October 9567:8 November 9528:(2): 322. 9480:13 October 9391:8 November 9295:8 November 9210:26 October 9019:23 January 8993:8 November 8732:Ó Clabaigh 8634:8 November 8626:. London. 8506:26 October 8409:. Dublin: 8367:. p. 8238:17 October 8151:26 October 7900:28 October 7779:. Oxford: 7757:23 October 7492:(1–2): 1. 7425:26 October 7221:29 January 7023:17 January 6888:2 November 6768:References 6702:wind power 6670:Maam Cross 6643:Ballyclare 6569:neo-Gothic 6429:emigration 6175:See also: 6105:, such as 5999:Irish stew 5975:white meat 5915:Malin Head 5887:Recreation 5856:Carnoustie 5840:The K Club 5767:Olympics. 5718:Grand Slam 5593:finals in 5515:Croke Park 5396:See also: 5329:Adam Smith 5241:physicists 5090:Jack Yeats 5056:the Pogues 5027:Thin Lizzy 4949:Irish harp 4941:suantraige 4937:geantraige 4736: – c. 4686:Literature 4664:Irish pubs 4220:1,458,154 3880:Protestant 3780:Gamanraige 3732:Dartraighe 3686:Eóganachta 3678:Ciannachta 3527:ecoregions 3511:palm trees 3489:), a wild 3440:Scots pine 3377:brown bear 3303:Irish hare 3225:Source 1: 3009:at inland 2913:the Burren 2894:Bantry Bay 2887:intrusives 2871:Ordovician 2855:Caledonide 2841:of Ireland 2839:Topography 2763:Celtic Sea 2545:government 2517:Oireachtas 1892:'s failed 1717:Penal Laws 1637:Henry VIII 1573:Gaelicised 1464:Papal Bull 1404:in Ireland 1382:See also: 1213:Viking Age 965:, brewing 955:Bronze Age 894:Mesolithic 879:ice bridge 809:The names 756:literature 706:dissenters 309:Population 148:07°30′11″W 145:53°26′58″N 19347:Auregnais 18983:Geography 18664:Redshanks 18639:Ceithearn 18367:Brittonic 18359:Languages 17992:Calan Mai 17983:Gŵyl Fair 17957:Festivals 17772:Interlace 17196:Mythology 17187:Practices 17099:Gallaecia 16713:Galatians 16538:Squatting 16254:Fomorians 16183:Mythology 16053:Languages 16038:Halloween 16014:Bealtaine 15997:Festivals 15988:Stepdance 15893:Spice Bag 15878:Irish fry 15868:Colcannon 15843:Barmbrack 15766:Education 15724:President 15662:Education 15578:Transport 15553:Provinces 15475:Mountains 15450:Coastline 15422:Geography 15313:Civil War 15268:Tithe War 14725:The Celts 14323:Bord Gáis 14133:1 January 14041:30 August 14011:30 August 13978:17 August 13946:17 August 13807:Europa.eu 13371:1758-1095 13196:14 August 13050:16 August 12961:14 August 12915:RTÉ Sport 12805:4 October 12713:14 August 12682:3 October 12529:ignored ( 12519:cite book 12402:30 August 12309:30 August 12237:4 October 12120:, p. 659. 12108:, ed. by 12041:4 October 11810:6 October 11391:17 August 11075:1 January 10983:1 January 10930:30 August 10888:30 August 10823:15 August 10559:30 August 10105:29 August 10016:4 January 9980:Sinn Féin 9950:Sinn Féin 9813:30 August 9800:1649-6728 9737:pp 37–66. 9684:. Paris: 8900:25 August 8601:15 August 8228:163531116 8214:: 57–59. 7853:1578-5386 7514:128396341 7121:30 August 7085:7 October 7053:7 October 6937:128982465 6854:2212-6821 6700:(such as 6561:Palladian 6547:Connemara 6453:Corn Laws 6011:colcannon 5940:fishery. 5922:coastline 5913:being in 5869:U.S. Open 5848:Fred Daly 5591:World Cup 5582:Argentina 5544:Irish Cup 5353:John Nash 5347:in 2003. 5327:inspired 5283:in 1891. 5040:the Corrs 4933:goltraige 4894:Gaeltacht 4862:Bloomsday 4630:interlace 4537:Dungarvan 4532:Gaeltacht 4526:Gaeltacht 4519:Gaeltacht 4508:Gaelscoil 4486:Old Norse 4473:Old Irish 4437:Languages 4406:Migration 4384:Waterford 4217:1,263,219 4102:by Queen 4062:Tipperary 4058:Waterford 3804:Partraige 3796:Múscraige 3764:Fortuatha 3724:Conmaicne 3716:Cíarraige 3708:Cálraighe 3700:Attacotti 3670:Connachta 3630:Deirgtine 3614:Dál Riata 3436:evergreen 3396:deciduous 3373:great auk 3369:Irish elk 3267:red foxes 3004:0 °C 2985:temperate 2775:the term 2755:Irish Sea 2715:Geography 2618:executive 2551:Taoiseach 2521:bicameral 2513:president 2507:, with a 2396:Executive 2329:sectarian 2320:Home Rule 2300:in 1941. 2114:Partition 2084:Sinn Féin 2007:Home Rule 1980:George IV 1803:rebellion 1713:Jacobites 1711:over the 1643:, of the 1473:Adrian IV 1358:Waterford 1258:Dark Ages 1233:Palladius 1186:Newgrange 1170:Latinised 1144:Geography 1066:Milesians 1026:Neolithic 908:cultivars 901:Neolithic 821:Old Irish 805:Etymology 714:a part of 591:Irish Sea 425:Time zone 335:Languages 211:Coastline 202:Area rank 123:Geography 19463:Scottish 19362:Jèrriais 19278:Germanic 19192:Guernsey 19180:Scotland 19102:Scotland 19049:Shetland 19012:Hebrides 18900:Scotland 18865:Politics 18854:Hibernia 18649:Gaesatae 18540:dialects 18503:Lepontic 18493:Galatian 18395:Goidelic 18245:Autonomy 18160:Politics 18113:Rounders 17965:Calendar 17938:Scotland 17923:Cornwall 17918:Brittany 17806:Clothing 17757:Knotwork 17735:Brooches 17707:Scotland 17692:Cornwall 17687:Brittany 17566:Y Wladfa 17521:Scotland 17485:Cornwall 17473:Brittany 17324:Seanchaí 17319:Tanistry 17279:Derbfine 17208:Scottish 17094:Brittany 17090:Domnonée 17086:Armorica 17081:Britonia 17063:Dumnonia 17038:Dálriata 16723:Lepontii 16718:Helvetii 16703:Gallaeci 16496:Monastic 16461:Calendar 16445:Shamrock 16440:Red Hand 16378:Rounders 16043:Wren Day 15977:Sean-nós 15929:Guinness 15873:Drisheen 15749:Assembly 15731:Taxation 15634:Unionism 15601:Politics 15534:Counties 15278:Land War 15170:Clontarf 15166:Glenmama 15040:Timeline 14891:Archived 14856:(1947). 14809:Archived 14771:Archived 14749:(2005). 14714:Archived 14675:(1988). 14650:Archived 14562:Archived 14413:Archived 14297:Archived 14273:30 March 14215:Archived 14185:Archived 14060:Archived 14035:Archived 14005:Archived 13972:Archived 13940:Archived 13904:1 August 13878:1 August 13811:Archived 13776:Archived 13713:Archived 13680:Archived 13647:Archived 13608:Archived 13606:. 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10947:Archived 10924:archived 10912:, 2011, 10910:Eurostat 10882:Archived 10774:Archived 10715:Archived 10682:Archived 10646:Archived 10523:Archived 10459:Archived 10355:Archived 10318:Archived 10192:Archived 10136:Archived 10069:Archived 10040:Archived 10010:Archived 9924:Archived 9898:Archived 9880:(1988). 9858:30 April 9852:Archived 9804:Archived 9733:Foster, 9700:Archived 9561:Archived 9542:20030588 9474:Archived 9385:Archived 9358:16 April 9319:Archived 9289:Archived 9204:Archived 9171:28 March 9075:(1989). 9013:Archived 8918:(1989). 8894:Archived 8870:23 March 8864:Archived 8826:Archived 8628:Archived 8595:Archived 8571:19 March 8562:Archived 8500:Archived 8492:(1888). 8357:(1894). 8232:Archived 8145:Archived 8108:1 August 8102:Archived 8079:15309688 7936:Archived 7857:Archived 7812:Archived 7660:Archived 7635:24 April 7629:Archived 7604:21 March 7598:Archived 7594:BBC News 7568:Archived 7546:Archived 7518:Archived 7456:Archived 7419:Archived 7329:Archived 7296:Archived 7270:Archived 7242:Archived 7212:Archived 7170:Archived 7149:Archived 7115:Archived 7076:Archived 7047:Archived 7017:Archived 6997:11 April 6988:Archived 6941:Archived 6879:Archived 6757:Part of 6647:Twynholm 6549:and the 6541:and the 6221:Southern 6133:Guinness 6115:cocktail 6099:Canadian 6095:American 6048:drisheen 5938:driftnet 5902:Bundoran 5694:Leinster 5660:and the 5639:Scottish 5605:and the 5580:against 5578:line out 5435:handball 5370:and the 5280:electron 5243:include 5019:Horslips 4764:Coiscéim 4648:Religion 4458:Iron Age 4433:crisis. 4270:Limerick 4260:305,222 4240:639,000 4197:Limerick 4112:Kilkenny 4050:Limerick 4020:(east), 4018:Leinster 4016:(west), 4014:Connacht 3957:Connacht 3941:Leinster 3884:Anglican 3862:Africans 3854:Flemings 3828:Uí Maine 3788:Mairtine 3772:Gailenga 3756:Fir Bolg 3432:hawthorn 3379:and the 3326:Red deer 3307:red deer 3295:hedgehog 2905:Devonian 2875:Silurian 2863:Longford 2818:Limerick 2806:Leinster 2767:Brittany 2757:and the 2688:and the 2622:assembly 2463:after a 2427:Politics 2348:loyalist 1937:Land War 1872:and the 1811:Connacht 1678:and the 1670:and the 1655:and the 1590:The Pale 1547:and the 1453:Henry II 1346:Limerick 1313:and the 1307:Scotland 1174:Hibernia 1150:Iouernia 1126:Almagest 975:brooches 932:Tyrawley 904:settlers 702:Catholic 128:Location 19498:Ireland 19428:English 19423:Cornish 19418:British 19339:Romance 19309:Cornish 19286:English 19263:Society 19170:England 19160:Ireland 19144:Ireland 19128:outline 19123:History 19097:England 19077:Ireland 19029:Ireland 18890:England 18881:Ireland 18844:Britain 18839:Prydain 18702:Deities 18659:Hobelar 18621:Warfare 18584:Warfare 18518:Pictish 18513:Cumbric 18488:Gaulish 18460:Extinct 18380:Cornish 18178:history 18123:Hurling 18097:Ladies' 18088:Curling 18061:Camogie 17988:Beltane 17970:Samhain 17928:Ireland 17697:Ireland 17592:Culture 17561:England 17497:Ireland 17455:Nations 17354:Coinage 17344:Warfare 17237:Society 17228:Cornish 17218:British 17121:Galatia 17111:Balkans 17019:Studies 16756:Cornish 16751:Bretons 16728:Noricum 16683:Britons 16656:Peoples 16466:Castles 16393:Symbols 16363:Hurling 16348:Camogie 16247:Firbolg 16233:Immrama 16226:Echtrai 16156:session 16139:Ballads 16116:Theatre 16105:Gaeilge 16099:Fiction 16034:Samhain 15949:Whiskey 15823:Cuisine 15811:Culture 15761:Economy 15657:Economy 15465:Islands 15440:Climate 15433:Natural 15028:History 14988:Ireland 14788:Ó Gráda 14711:excerpt 14709:(2007) 14536:(2007). 14516:Prestel 14506:(1971). 14293:EirGrid 13852:25 July 13719:20 July 13653:27 June 13614:4 April 13559:5 April 13428:Ireland 13380:1279494 12340:4 April 11175:30 July 11105:30 July 10721:21 July 10672:Climate 10636:Climate 10263:28 June 10075:22 June 9765:6 April 9066:Ó Gráda 8311:(ed.), 8098:Eupedia 8070:1182057 7730:27 June 7666:19 July 7574:19 July 7494:Bibcode 7335:31 July 7176:23 June 7155:23 June 6947:13 July 6917:Bibcode 6832:Bibcode 6682:biomass 6628:EirGrid 6465:Tourism 6427:and of 6392:$ 3010 6389:$ 2393 6381:$ 2198 6161:Economy 6151:Bulmers 6146:Magners 6107:Baileys 6039:cheeses 6035:mussels 6031:oysters 6023:cabbage 5926:angling 5893:Lahinch 5682:Munster 5635:English 5584:in 2007 5564:Ireland 5502:in the 5427:cricket 5408:hurling 5299:, from 5251:. With 5162:Science 5048:Clannad 4970:Messiah 4853:Ulysses 4581:Culture 4351:67,599 4275:102,287 4255:222,333 4235:293,298 4230:Belfast 4214:592,713 4153:Belfast 4022:Munster 3989:Munster 3846:Normans 3842:Vikings 3820:Uaithni 3812:Soghain 3638:Delbhna 3622:Dáirine 3598:Cruthin 3473:Furze ( 3460:Coillte 3358:culling 3345:conifer 3291:red fox 3220:(−2.4) 3210:(11.3) 3205:(17.1) 3195:(27.1) 3190:(31.5) 3185:(26.1) 3180:(21.9) 3175:(18.1) 3160:(−2.4) 3150:(91.9) 3145:(64.6) 3140:(68.2) 3135:(77.4) 3130:(84.4) 3125:(89.8) 3120:(91.4) 3115:(91.9) 3110:(83.1) 3105:(78.4) 3100:(74.5) 3095:(64.6) 3090:(65.3) 2993:Munster 2965:Climate 2959:Helvick 2915:around 2824:Geology 2627:Belfast 2212:during 1705:William 1686:in the 1449:Angevin 1445:Breifne 1354:Wexford 1311:England 1295:Columba 1221:brehons 1123:in his 1121:Ptolemy 1058:Priteni 1033:Tuosist 967:alcohol 848:History 811:Ireland 686:England 601:of the 565:Airlann 487:Ireland 341:English 301:Demonym 289:Belfast 274:Country 107:Ireland 64:Airlann 37:Ireland 19411:People 19398:Shelta 19352:French 19301:Celtic 19197:Jersey 19044:Orkney 18929:Jersey 18829:Albion 18697:Tribes 18644:Fianna 18431:Shelta 18375:Breton 18195:status 18133:Shinty 18108:Gouren 18072:Cnapan 18066:Cammag 17979:Imbolc 17902:Carnyx 17828:Tartan 17747:Carnyx 17514:Mannin 17490:Kernow 17478:Breizh 17348:Gaelic 17304:Fáinne 17249:Brehon 17223:Breton 17172:Druids 17026:Places 16733:Volcae 16678:Belgae 16639:· 16637: 16631:· 16629: 16623:· 16621: 16471:Cinema 16270:People 16219:Aos Sí 16206:Ulster 16201:Fenian 16191:Cycles 16121:Triads 16111:Poetry 16094:Annals 16071:Shelta 16024:Lúnasa 16004:Imbolc 15939:Poitín 15919:Coffee 15912:Drinks 15863:Coddle 15529:Cities 15480:Rivers 15470:Loughs 15155:Events 15013:topics 15005:topics 14991:topics 14918: 14883: 14842: 14801: 14763: 14735: 14695: 14642: 14621: 14596: 14554: 14522: 14492: 14333:27 May 13932: 13817:10 May 13782:4 July 13639: 13582: 13526: 13501: 13470: 13459:Dublin 13439: 13408: 13377: 13369: 13313: 13080:28 May 12857:28 May 12624:8 June 12495: 12266: 12211:28 May 12165: 12138: 12116: 12078: 11987: 11904: 11797:CSO.ie 11545: 11269: 11246:7 June 11184:Seanad 10916: 10582: 10402:30 May 10361:30 May 10324:2 June 9988: 9958: 9890: 9844: 9798: 9788:CSO.ie 9692: 9662: 9637: 9606: 9540: 9503: 9442: 9414: 9233: 9196: 9139: 9111: 9083: 9072:Cormac 9042: 8965: 8934: 8797: 8772: 8713: 8688: 8663: 8533: 8472: 8445: 8417: 8226: 8220:296171 8218: 8137: 8077: 8067: 7891: 7866:17 May 7851: 7821:27 May 7787: 7689: 7512: 7411: 7401:"Ériu" 6935: 6852: 6641:, and 6607:Energy 6506:, the 6502:, the 6419:, and 6378:$ 1459 6044:coddle 5983:Maasai 5930:salmon 5783:, and 5724:Boxing 5692:) and 5674:Ulster 5496:Tyrone 5485:, and 5439:hockey 5423:boxing 5386:Sports 5301:Lurgan 5265:kelvin 5136:Galway 5104:, and 4997:, the 4980:Irish 4965:Handel 4628:Irish 4573:, and 4563:Shelta 4490:French 4389:60,079 4370:64,596 4365:Bangor 4332:72,301 4313:85,279 4294:85,910 4289:Galway 4209:Dublin 4142:Dublin 4089:Armagh 4054:Galway 4042:Dublin 4038:Ulster 4026:Ulster 3973:Ulster 3917:, and 3889:. 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