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financing. To address these concerns, the
Puntland government is in the process of developing an educational policy to guide the region's scholastic process as it embarks on the path of reconstruction and economic development. The latter includes a gender sensitive national education policy compliant with world standards, such as those outlined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). Examples of this and other educational measures at work are the government's enactment of legislation aimed at securing the educational interests of girls, promoting the growth of an
989:
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Transitional
Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia (Mogadishu being the capital). The autonomous State of Puntaland emerged after the fall of President Siyad Barre in 1991. In the south of Somalia, Islamic courts, warlords and regional tribes jostle for power and control whilst the State of Puntland experiences relative political stability with one dominant clan currently and historically controlling the region.The stability of Puntland is largely a product of its clan system that creates an established order based on family loyalty and cultural bonds and creates a more proactive and solution oriented politi-cal system.
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2017:(formerly Galkayo Airport) in Galkayo, among other places. In late September 2013, a launching ceremony of a tender process for the Bosaso airport's renovations was held at the facility. The renovations will include the extension of the airport's gravel runway from 1,800 m to 2,650 m. The runway's width will also be widened from 30 m to 45 m, and feature 7.5 m gravel shoulders on both sides. According to Puntland Deputy Minister of Civil Aviation Abdiqani Gelle, the Puntland government plans to carry out similar upgrades at the
605:. His rival Sultan Kenadid had signed a similar agreement vis-a-vis his own Sultanate the year before. Both rulers had signed the protectorate treaties to advance their own expansionist objectives, with Boqor Osman looking to use Italy's support in his ongoing power struggle with Kenadid over the Majeerteen Sultanate. Boqor Osman and Sultan Kenadid also hoped to exploit the conflicting interests among the European imperial powers that were then looking to control the Somali peninsula, so as to avoid direct occupation of their territories by force.
2206:. Puntland is doing better in various important indicators of well-being. For instance, the literacy rate in Puntland is 64% compared to the national average of 55%. Additionally, households in Puntland also outperform the average in other educational outcomes such as enrolment and educational attainment. 70% of households in Puntland have access to improved water sources compared to the national average of 58%. Therefore, Puntland's higher performance on non-monetary indicators of well-being are inline with its lower rate of poverty.
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1966:. In January 2012, a renovation project was launched, with KMC contracted to upgrade the harbor. The initiative's first phase saw the clean-up of unwanted materials from the dockyard and was completed within the month. The second phase involves the reconstruction of the port's adjoining seabed, with the objective of accommodating larger ships. In 2012, a team of engineers was also enlisted by the Puntland authorities to assess the ongoing renovations taking place at the
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1672:(ECD) program designed to reach parents and care-givers in their homes as well as in the ECD centers for 0- to 5-year-old children, and introducing incentive packages to encourage teachers to work in remote rural areas. Puntland's education system is considered the most progressive, and is attempting to close the gender gap so that more females will be able to attend school. Other regions are following Puntland's lead in that regard.
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501:, the government of Puntland stated that it no longer recognises the authority of the Somali federal government and would no longer participate in Somali federal institutions. Furthermore, it was stated that Puntland would "operate as a state that's independent from Somalia until there is a federal government with a constitution agreed upon in a referendum in which Puntland participates".
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with
Galkayo. The transportation body also started an upgrade and repair project in June 2012 on the large thoroughfare between the regional capital and Bosaso. Additionally, renovations began in October 2012 on the freeway linking Bosaso with Qardho. Plans are also in the works to construct new roads connecting littoral towns in the region to the main highway.
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2096:, and other illicit activity off of the coast of Somalia, and at generally safeguarding the nation's marine resources. In addition, the Force provides civic support, including repairing wells, rehabilitating hospitals and clinics, and refurbishing roads, airports and other infrastructure. It also offers skills training programs to local communities.
738:) and the executive (the President and his nominated Council of Ministries) branches of government. Though relatively peaceful, the region briefly experienced political unrest in 2001 when then President of Puntland, Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, one of the founding fathers of the Puntland State and its first president, wanted his term extended. Ahmed and
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prison guards were hired and trained. In July 2010, the
Puntland Council of Ministers unanimously approved a new anti-terrorism law to more efficiently handle terror suspects and their accomplices; a special court is also expected to be established within the region's existing criminal courts system to facilitate the task.
2198:. Experts believe this is because of higher consumption and higher labour force participation. Households in Puntland consume a higher quantity per capita per item and more items per household. The lower rate of poverty does not appear to be driven by household size, as the average in Puntland is 5.2, compared to 5.7 in
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In April 2013, the
Puntland Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources officially inaugurated a new fish market in Garowe. Constructed in conjunction with the UK authorities and the UNDP, it is part of a larger regional development plan that will see two other similar marketplaces launched within the
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Following the COVID-19 crisis, the
Government of Puntland launched the Learning Passport, a digital remote learning platform where children can access educational content both online and offline from their homes. The Learning Passport is a ground-breaking partnership between UNICEF, Microsoft and the
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From 2005/2006 to 2006/2007, there was a significant increase in the number of schools in
Puntland, up 137 institutions from just one year prior. During the same period, the number of classes in the region increased by 504, with 762 more teachers also offering their services. Total student enrollment
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Following a change in leadership in 2009, the
Puntland government, now led by President Abdirahman Mohamud Farole, sought to renegotiate the profit sharing agreement with Range Resources to ensure more favorable terms for the region. In 2012, the Puntland government gave the green light to the first
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In August 2014, in conjunction with the government of
Djibouti and an international construction firm headquartered in China, the Puntland Transport and Seaports Ministry launched a project to establish new seaports in the regional state. The initiative is part of a broader campaign by the Puntland
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Puntland is traversed by a 750 km (470 mi) north–south highway. It connects major cities in the northern part of
Somalia, such as Garowe, Bosaso and Galkayo, with towns in the south. In 2012, the Puntland Highway Authority completed rehabilitation work on the central artery linking Garowe
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and the state Ministers. It is the first prospective party to register for an application with the Transitional Puntland Electoral Commission (TPEC). According to Farole, the general public will be eligible for membership in the organization once it is selected as an official political party. Five
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In December 2011, a new commercial market opened in Bosaso's northern Dayaha ("Star") neighborhood, near the seaport. Approximately half a kilometer in size, it was designed to ensure easy vehicle access. The market is the result of careful planning between Puntland government officials and civil
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announced that the registration process for political parties in Puntland was now open. This came after the passing of the Political Association Law, the Referendum Act, the District Elections Law and the inauguration of the state constitution. They will also be challengers in the next elections,
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The Puntland State of Somalia has considered itself autonomous since 1998, with its own capital city of Garoowe and has designated regions with recognized regional capitals. The Putland authorities, headed by President Adde Muse Hersi, maintain a low profile and do not seek independence from the
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On 8 January 2019 the former Federal Minister for Planning and International Cooperation, Said Abdullahi Deni, was declared the new president. The election was closely contested, going to a third round of voting. Deni defeated former intelligence officer, Asad Osman Diyano. Deni got 35 votes, to
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along other politicians, the Union of the People of the Regions or UPR (Ururka Gobolada Umadaha Bahoobey or UGUB), Midnimo, Talowadaag (Consensus-building), and GAHAYR or Golaha Aqoonta iyo Horumarinta ee Asaaska Yoolka Runta (Council of Education and Development towards Founding the True Goal).
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More modest reforms were also put into motion in the social sector, particularly in the education and healthcare fields. The regional government has hired more healthcare workers and teachers, with major plans under way for school and hospital renovations. One of the most significant new reforms
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was established in 2002 by a group of Somali intellectuals in the Netherlands and Finland. The station broadcasts from Bosaso and has a listening audience of about 80,000 people, with a reach of 150 km (58 sq mi). It also operates a website that counts over 10,000 daily visitors.
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Within the Puntland government, the Ministry of Education is responsible for developing and managing the region's educational needs. It is headed by the Minister Mohamud Bile Dubbe, under whom a Vice Minister and Director General help oversee a Post-Primary Education Division (PPED) and a Basic
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was elected the new president of Puntland. Upon assuming office, the Farole administration implemented a number of reforms, particularly in the security and judicial sectors. To bolster the region's justice system, numerous new prosecutors, judges and other court personnel as well as additional
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Following the outbreak of the civil war in Somalia, numerous problems arose with regard to access to education in rural areas and along gender lines, quality of educational provisions, responsiveness of school curricula, educational standards and controls, management and planning capacity, and
881:(PASWE), the first organization of its kind in Somali history. The agency provides medical, educational and counselling support to vulnerable groups and individuals such as orphans, the disabled and the blind. PASWE is overseen by a Board of Directors, which consists of religious scholars (
1931:. Shuttle services between the region's major towns and adjacent hamlets are also available via different types of vehicles, such as 4 wheel drives and light goods vehicles (LGV). As of May 2015, over 70,000 vehicles are registered with the Puntland Ministry of Works and Transport.
687:), members of the business community, intellectuals and other civil society representatives, the autonomous Puntland State of Somalia was established to deliver services to the population, offer security, facilitate trade, and interact with domestic and international partners.
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system was established, which has reportedly helped increase public confidence in government. In addition, a new regional constitution was drafted and later passed on 15 June 2009, which is believed to represent a significant step toward the eventual introduction of a
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Deni addressed the lawmakers after being declared the winner. He said he would continue the policies of his predecessor, Abdiweli Gaas. In April 2024, Puntland announced it would operate as an independent state amid a dispute over Somali constitutional changes.
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to its west, Puntland is not trying to obtain international recognition as a separate nation. However, both regions have one thing in common: they base their support upon clan elders and their organizational structure along lines based on clan relationships and
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to support the construction of an airport, seaport and free zone in the coastal city of Bosaso. Muse indicated that "I believe that when we finish all these projects our people will benefit by getting good health services, education and overall prosperity."
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and subsequently emerged as a powerful traditional elder who fully controlled areas under his rule. The polity maintained a robust trading network, entered into treaties with foreign powers, and exerted strong centralized authority on the domestic front.
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In January 2007, the Puntland administration, which was then led by President Mohamud Muse Hersi, signed the Puntland Product Sharing Agreement (PSA) with Range Resources Limited and the Canmex Minerals subsidiary Canmex Holdings (Bermuda) II Limited.
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blocks in question span over 14,424 and 24,908 km (5,569 and 9,617 sq mi), respectively. Two years later, Range Resources obtained a 100% interest in the two blocks and concurrently farmed out 80% of that share to Canmex Minerals.
1783:, and the lowest was observed in the under-populated Ayn region. The distribution of classrooms was almost evenly split between urban and rural areas, with marginally more pupils attending and instructors teaching classes in urban areas.
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of the autonomous Puntland region. Commanders and senior officials of the military are appointed by a qualified panel approved by the Council of Ministers. The Puntland security apparatus also has an independent military judiciary.
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Income is generated through the following industries: livestock, fishery, frankincense, and petty trading. Animals originating from Puntland are exported via Bosaso. The key trading centres in Puntland are centred in Bosaso and
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is a community radio station based in Garowe. The station broadcasts daily from Somalia at 89.8 FM, covering all the latest headlines in Somali news, politics, and society. It also broadcasts other special programming on
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2672:. Radio Puntland broadcasts internationally via shortwave, with its transmission reaching as far as Finland. Its standard programming includes general news, focusing on regional developments, sports and entertainment.
920:. Overseen by the Puntland Electoral Commission (PEC), the constitution represented the final step in the extant regional democratization process and was scheduled to be followed by the formation of political parties.
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sources, although the exact location of the fabled territory is still a mystery. Many studies suggest that the Land of Punt was located in present-day Somalia, whereas others propose that it was situated elsewhere.
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was established in 2001 by Somali expatriates in Denmark. Its website publishes daily domestic and international news reports and analysis in both Somali and English, with an emphasis on Puntland affairs.
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2761:(RBC Radio). Launched in 2006, RBC presents Somali news to a global audience in both Somali and English. With direct sources based in Somalia, it covers local politics and society.
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In the 2000s, the Puntland government began official negotiations with foreign oil companies over exploration rights in the area. The provincial authorities in October 2005 granted
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increased by 27% over the previous year, with girls lagging only slightly behind boys in attendance in most regions. The highest class enrollment was observed in the northernmost
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in the southwest. Puntland occupies a total land area of 212,510 km (82,050 sq mi) or roughly one-third of Somalia's geographical area. Mountains include
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In March 2005, President Muse began an ambitious plan to build an airport in Puntland's commercial capital of Bosaso, a project that is now complete and referred to as
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fought for control of the region, with Ahmed emerging victorious the following year. Ahmed served his second term as president until October 2004, when he was elected
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1615:. There are four main seasons around which pastoral and agricultural life revolve, and these are dictated by shifts in the wind patterns. Puntland's seasons are:
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711:. However, a key difference was that Puntland was formed as a descendant-based entity unlike in Somaliland. The state was established as a "homeland" for the
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On 15 June 2009, the Puntland government passed a new regional draft constitution, representing a significant step toward the eventual introduction of a
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817:(UAE), where the two leaders signed an agreement on a deal for setting up of a dedicated livestock quarantine facility to facilitate the import of
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524:(Migiurtinia) was founded in the mid-18th century. It rose to prominence the following century, under the reign of the resourceful Boqor (King)
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Rainfall is sparse and variable, with no single area receiving more than 400 mm (15.7 in) of rain annually. Nomads primarily rely on
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1224:. Prior to naming this new region, the previous government of Puntland created three regions, all carved out of the existing regions:
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a majority stake in two sizable land-based mineral and hydrocarbon exploration licenses, in addition to offshore rights. The onshore
2132:. Agricultural products such as mangoes, bananas, guavas, lemons, sugarcanes, and peanuts are grown on plantations around the state.
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2088:(PMPF) is a locally recruited, professional maritime security force. It is primarily aimed at preventing, detecting and eradicating
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The Majeerteen Sultanate was nearly destroyed in the mid-1800s by a power struggle between Boqor Osman and his ambitious cousin,
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is the public broadcasting network of the autonomous Puntland state of Somalia. Its headquarters are at the regional capital of
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operator in northeastern Somalia. Founded in 2002 with the objective of supplying the country with GSM mobile services,
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2062:(PDF), its official paramilitary division. It operates its own police force, which includes a Special Protection Unit.
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3625:"RAK and Puntland State of Somalia sign agreements to boost bilateral cooperation | Government of Ras Al Khaimah"
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On 15 April 2012, the Puntland government opened a four-day constitutional convention officially inaugurating the new
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4705:"A programme for improving governance, leadership and management capacity of the three health authorities in Somalia"
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935:. The association counts over 200 members and represents the incumbent Puntland government, including Vice President
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and a group of devoted lieutenants. With their assistance, he managed to overpower the local clans and establish the
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In 2017, Puntland ministers held a cabinet meeting where they approved an oil exploration deal with Chinese company
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political system to the region for the first time; such a system already exists in the adjacent Somaliland region.
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With the gradual extension into northern Somalia of European colonial rule, all three sultanates were annexed to
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region. The region had a population of 4,334,633 in 2016. Geographically to the west, Puntland lays claim to the
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administration to focus on tapping into the region's commercial potential through various development projects.
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were deemed as the "chief architects" of the entity. Since its establishment in 1998, Puntland has also been in
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other political associations were established the following month, including the Development and Justice Party
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1767:, Galkayo, Garowe and Qardho. Thus, it is a 2-4-4-4 system. Puntland's Ministry of Education also recognizes
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4048:"Ex-Somali Minister elected as new president of Puntland State * Mareeg.com somalia, World News and Opinion"
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The educational system of Puntland comprises two years of Early Childhood Development (ECD), eight years of
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Planning and Statistics Department, Puntland Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation (2006).
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Puntland has 1,600 km (990 mi) of coastline, which is abundant with fish and other natural
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3525:. United Nations Development Programme Somalia, United Nations Development Office for Somalia. 1999.
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and English. In addition, the website hosts some audio, though the latter is not regularly updated.
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3179:"Somalia state of Puntland rejects constitutional amendments and withdraws from federal government"
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in 1998 over a period of three months. Attended by the area's political elite, traditional elders (
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comprises an average of four years, with the region currently counting seven major universities:
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4348:"Resource conflict and militant Islamism in the Golis Mountains in northern Somalia (2006–2013)"
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valley. Mild temperatures, by contrast, are experienced only along the high mountain ranges of
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was elected as the 5th President of Puntland overcoming Dr. Farole by a single electoral vote.
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419:. Puntland is located in the northeastern part of Somalia and its state capital is the city of
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5648:"SOMALIA: Puntland to establish new seaports as part of the "Boost Puntland Economy" campaign"
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The Rise & The Fall of Somali President His Excellency Mohamed Abdillahi Mohamed (Farmajo)
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698:, Puntland is a part of the Federal State of Somalia. As such, the region seeks the unity of
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As of 2016, the population of Puntland is estimated at 4,334,633 residents, 39% of whom are
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His Excellency Abdirahman Mohamed Mohamud (Farole). President of Puntland State of Somalia
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has its headquarters in the city. Other telecommunication firms serving the region include
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532:, it controlled much of northern and central Somalia in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
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presents breaking news, stories and documentaries from Somalia and the rest of the world.
1974:, the Puntland government intends to launch more such development projects in Las Khorey.
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On 14 November 2012, President Farole announced the launching of his new political party,
8:
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The shaping of Somali society: reconstructing the history of a pastoral people, 1600–1900
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as the most effective use of land in most parts of the region. Grazing lands include the
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in the southwest. There are several major geographical apexes in Puntland, including the
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750:, who served until January 2005 when he lost a re-election bid in parliament to General
575:. After almost five years of battle, the young upstart was finally forced into exile in
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1220:. Carved out of the Bari region, it consists of three districts and has its capital at
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870:
792:
751:
609:
591:
7426:
3816:"Somalia: 'Registration of political associations open': Puntland Election Commission"
1977:
Local airlines offer flights to various domestic and international locations, such as
1216:
On 8 April 2013, the Puntland government announced the creation of a new region named
9230:
9200:
8726:
8721:
8661:
8616:
8576:
8471:
8452:
8287:
8197:
8087:
7980:
7553:
7411:
7378:
7348:
7293:
7263:
6813:
6390:
6362:
6320:
5833:"Shirkadda dhismaha CCECC oo la sheegay in ay sahamin Shidaal ka samaynayso Puntland"
5807:"Somalia: Puntland ministers held cabinet meeting, endorse deal with Chinese company"
5495:
5457:
5418:
5304:
5294:
5085:
4831:
4637:
4582:
4546:
4379:
4367:
4253:
4131:
4112:
3469:
3344:
3289:
3218:
3210:
3096:
3076:
3056:
2929:
2909:
2105:
2089:
1971:
1807:
1748:
1696:
1573:
877:
enacted by the incumbent Puntland administration is the launching in May 2009 of the
861:
853:
846:
641:
580:
572:
447:
3465:
Rule and Rupture: State Formation Through the Production of Property and Citizenship
9025:
8781:
8701:
8651:
8606:
8591:
8571:
8561:
8536:
8476:
7405:
7368:
7363:
7320:
6712:
6699:
6631:
6621:
6335:
6166:
6151:
6146:
4359:
2556:
2510:
The total monetary value of the poverty gap includes the entire Somali population.
2039:
1962:, which was constructed during the mid-1980s for annual livestock shipments to the
1233:
676:
653:
598:
380:
314:
127:
4435:
4107:
See Article 3.1. (Territory, Borders and Its Inviolability and Sacredness) of the
8711:
8621:
8511:
7973:
7882:
7469:
7305:
7283:
7219:
6979:
6964:
6808:
6641:
6355:
6187:
6048:
5793:
5774:
5489:
5451:
5412:
5384:
5227:
5133:
5114:
5092:
4897:
4890:
4802:
4665:
4608:
4405:
4363:
4247:
4119:
3988:"Somalia: Former PM Abdiweli Ali Gas wins in the Puntland Presidential Elections"
3449:
3325:
3113:"Somalia: Puntland refuses to recognise FG after disputed constitutional changes"
2855:
2815:
2721:
2715:
2665:
2597:
2552:
2147:. Therefore, in exchange live animals originating from Puntland are exported via
2093:
2006:
1870:
in Puntland is estimated at 20 inhabitants per square kilometre (52/sq mi).
1553:
404:
396:
372:
364:
82:
67:
5862:
4772:
4316:
3536:
3239:
1699:(four years of lower primary and four years of upper primary) and four years of
470:
the easternmost place on the entire African continent, and the beginning of the
7919:
7903:
7415:
7353:
6969:
6959:
6939:
6874:
6694:
6626:
6395:
6325:
6212:
6192:
4682:
4517:
4347:
3150:
2807:
2699:
2605:
2022:
1848:
1740:
1416:
1337:
1217:
1153:
1133:
1088:
865:
810:
649:
645:
637:
533:
525:
463:
424:
4491:
3387:
2171:. Milk collectors ( aanoley in Somali ) are based in markets in the cities of
9194:
7985:
7593:
6909:
6202:
6131:
6116:
4371:
4018:"Cabdixakiin Cabdullaahi Camey oo loo doortey Madaxweyne kuxigeenka Puntland"
2750:
2740:
2731:
2692:
2601:
2125:
2002:
1825:
1817:
1612:
1601:
1589:
1403:
1328:
1300:
1202:
1163:
1103:
1016:
747:
739:
724:
490:
212:
177:
164:
5532:
Pape, Utz; di Filippo, Mario; Nunez, Gonzalo; Wollburg, Philip (June 2017).
5450:
Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United (2 November 2018).
5308:
4743:"Puntland Ministry of Education and UNICEF launch on-line learning platform"
1347:
9109:
8969:
8877:
7703:
7693:
7497:
6914:
6862:
6616:
6106:
4542:
International Education: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Issues and Systems
2687:
2113:
1898:
1831:
Currently, 31% of the region's residents live in the fast-growing towns of
1545:
1541:
1310:
1035:
657:
602:
536:
was one of the prominent Darood clan chiefs who ruled the ancient towns of
486:
451:
443:
31:
6007:
5595:
5453:
Rebuillding resilient and sustainable agriculture in Somalia (Full report)
30:
This article is about the region in Somalia. For the ancient kingdom, see
7877:
7708:
7598:
7007:
6944:
5288:
3443:
Local and Global Norms: Challenges to "Somaliland's" Unilateral Secession
2129:
2051:
2021:
in Garowe, the Abdullahi Yusuf International Airport in Galkayo, and the
1982:
1963:
1780:
1577:
1229:
1191:
1058:
912:
Women at a political function during the Puntland democratisation process
633:
431:
territories that were outside European colonial rule during parts of the
428:
8875:
5884:
4658:
4317:"Refworld | Al-Shabaab: Why Somalia's al-Qaeda Affiliate Wants Puntland"
3491:"The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland"
2930:"Rankings – Countries and Territories of the World • PopulationData.net"
734:
The legal structure of Puntland consists of the judiciary, legislative (
9156:
9129:
9009:
8963:
8952:
8947:
8937:
7784:
7688:
7653:
7638:
7623:
7578:
7512:
7343:
7017:
6949:
6850:
6828:
6681:
4865:
2544:
2323:
2199:
2191:
2140:
2121:
1967:
1608:
1537:
716:
703:
584:
439:
8924:
7997:
7861:
5127:
Puntland's govt blasts VOA report as 'appeasing Al Shabaab' in Somalia
3733:
1640:– from October to December; the shorter and less reliable rainy season
702:
and adheres to a federal system of government. Unlike the republic of
9179:
9119:
9114:
9049:
8942:
7643:
6919:
6845:
6611:
6207:
5250:"Ifrah Nur Hassan: Breaking stereotypes in Puntland's farming sector"
3958:"Somalia: Two new Puntland political associations declared in Garowe"
3906:"Hor-Cad Political Association/Party announced in Hotel Jubba Bosaso"
3628:
2664:. Founded in April 2013, Puntland TV and Radio broadcasts locally in
2390:
2203:
2195:
2109:
1844:
1561:
1525:
1048:
818:
628:(marked out in black ink delineation), according to Somali historian
587:
467:
305:
8421:
6058:
2108:. Additional economic products and activities of the region include
842:
474:
mountain range. It also has the northernmost major city in Somalia,
151:
9124:
9099:
9084:
9079:
8979:
8896:
7743:
7718:
7568:
7563:
7542:
7507:
7492:
7012:
6997:
6974:
6904:
6833:
6553:
6439:
4681:. Ministry of Education – Puntland State of Somalia. Archived from
4636:. Ministry of Education – Puntland State of Somalia. Archived from
4607:. Ministry of Education – Puntland State of Somalia. Archived from
4581:. Ministry of Education – Puntland State of Somalia. Archived from
4516:. Ministry of Education – Puntland State of Somalia. Archived from
4490:. Ministry of Education – Puntland State of Somalia. Archived from
4460:. Ministry of Education – Puntland State of Somalia. Archived from
4434:. Ministry of Education – Puntland State of Somalia. Archived from
3319:
Somalia: Puntland's Experience in Peace-building and State-building
2617:
official oil exploration project in Puntland and Somalia at large.
1978:
1920:
1863:. Approximately 70% of the population is also below the age of 30.
1852:
1840:
1764:
1752:
1549:
1532:
Puntland is geographically situated in the northeastern portion of
1434:
1252:
1241:
1168:
459:
455:
349:
957:
9089:
9004:
8957:
8917:
8906:
8891:
7950:
7929:
7898:
7856:
7728:
7698:
7683:
7668:
7658:
7648:
7613:
7608:
7558:
7527:
7502:
7477:
7002:
6584:
6350:
5777:. Proactiveinvestors.com (7 March 2012). Retrieved on 2012-05-20.
5742:
5494:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2010.
5136:. Garoweonline.com (30 September 2010). Retrieved on 20 May 2012.
4079:"Puntland to Operate Independently From Somalia After Law Change"
3145:"Puntland to Operate Independently from Somalia after Law Change"
2859:
2725:
2528:
2431:
2187:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2148:
2136:
1959:
1924:
1916:
1860:
1760:
1716:
1557:
1533:
1380:
1362:
1342:
1315:
1247:
In the south, according to the federal government of Somalia and
1225:
1195:
1123:
1073:
708:
699:
680:
541:
471:
420:
295:
38:
5674:"Oil and Gas Exploration and Production – Playing a Better Hand"
4976:"Somalia: Bossaso port renovation project completes first phase"
4866:"Puntland sends caveat to drivers without legal driving license"
3263:, Volume 15, Issues 1–4, (Horn of Africa Journal: 1997), p. 130.
2668:
via terrestrial service. It also airs programs globally through
2151:. The key trading centres in Puntland are centred in Bosaso and
1655:
556:
9074:
9069:
9064:
8911:
7753:
7738:
7733:
7673:
7628:
7588:
7482:
7461:
6934:
6899:
5952:"Puntland Post Company Profile | Management and Employees List"
5290:
Rebuilding Somalia : issues and possibilities for Puntland
5006:"Somalia: Somaliland naval forces attack crew in Sanaag region"
2711:
2703:
2661:
2657:
2629:
2585:
2180:
2172:
2156:
2144:
1990:
1934:
1928:
1912:
1856:
1836:
1832:
1800:
1744:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1688:
1597:
1593:
1439:
1398:
1385:
1352:
1323:
1305:
1237:
1221:
1206:
1148:
1138:
1108:
1093:
1078:
1063:
962:
952:
941:
728:
545:
529:
475:
331:
310:
197:
5054:"Somalia: 20 companies compete for Bossaso Airport runway bid"
3408:"Range Resources: Speculative Buy at 25.5p – Target price 56p"
9139:
9104:
9044:
8974:
8932:
8901:
7924:
7713:
7663:
7618:
7603:
7583:
7573:
7547:
7487:
6954:
6894:
6818:
6111:
5293:. War-torn Societies Project. London: HAAN Associates. 2001.
4109:
Transitional Constitution of the Puntland Regional Government
3876:"Somalia: Puntland President announces political association"
3786:"Somalia: Puntland constitutional convention opens in Garowe"
3340:
Somalia Business Law Handbook: Strategic Information and Laws
2707:
2621:
2117:
1998:
1986:
1874:
1821:
1813:
1775:(TVET) as integral parts of the region's educational system.
1679:
1585:
1521:
1452:
1367:
1118:
1014:
of 2001, Puntland consists of the following claimed regions:
1012:
Transitional Constitution of the Puntland Regional Government
883:
826:
821:
from Somalia to the UAE. In October 2008, Muse also signed a
712:
576:
565:
549:
537:
341:
5885:"Radio Puntland from Somalia testing on 13800 kHz shortwave"
5198:"SomaliaReport: Puntland Government Delivers Food and Water"
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2644:
2520:
1946:
1759:
also has six branches in Puntland, with campuses in Bosaso,
1622:– from January to March; the harshest dry season of the year
1516:
908:
679:
in 1991, a home-grown constitutional conference was held in
9094:
9059:
9054:
7723:
7633:
7522:
7103:
6929:
6924:
6037:
Puntland Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation
5796:. Garoweonline.com (8 March 2012). Retrieved on 2012-05-20.
5531:
5175:
3599:"The President Tours the Bossaso Airport Construction Site"
3275:, (WSP Transition Programme, Somali Programme: 2000) p. 62.
1994:
1581:
1457:
1210:
1043:
4732:. Puntland State of Somalia – Ministry of Education (2007)
3343:. International Business Publications. 2013. p. 102.
3013:
2073:
of Puntland's military. It was established in 2001 as the
1795:
887:), business people, intellectuals and traditional elders.
579:. A decade later, in the 1870s, Kenadid returned from the
6036:
3677:"Somalia: Puntland Cabinet approves counterterrorism law"
2948:
2698:
LaasqorayNET is another privately owned website based in
2625:
2001:
pilgrimages. The most prominent airlines in Puntland are
1248:
788:
6008:"Horyaalka koobaad ee Puntland oo wareegii labaad galay"
4832:"Politics and Society in Somalia's North-Eastern Region"
3522:
Remarks on the 1998 Charter of Puntland State of Somalia
1824:
especially well-represented. There are also a number of
7456:
1816:. The region is primarily inhabited by people from the
5024:"Somalia: Puntland Minister of Ports visits Lasqoray"
2652:
Puntland has its own television channel and studios.
597:
In late 1889, Boqor Osman entered into a treaty with
5768:
Red Emperor, Range rally on Puntland drilling update
4807:. Miramoor Publications Limited. 2007. p. 131.
4668:. East Somalia University. Retrieved on 20 May 2012.
3462:
Lund, Christian; Eilenberg, Michael (11 July 2017).
3381:"Ministry of Planning and International Corporation"
2797:
1179:
976:
was concurrently elected Puntland's vice president.
968:
On 8 January 2014, former Prime Minister of Somalia
691:
served as the fledgling state's founding president.
90:
5117:. Cvni.net (6 June 2007). Retrieved on 20 May 2012.
4907:
4905:
4158:"Puntlandpost.com – All About Somalia and Puntland"
905:political system to the region for the first time.
783:
696:
Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic
5417:. International Business Publications, USA. 2006.
4113:http://www.puntlandgovt.com/puntland-constitution/
3760:"Somalia: Puntland leader launches welfare agency"
3601:. Puntlandgovt.com. 31 August 2007. Archived from
3288:, (University of Pennsylvania Press: 1982), p. 75
3091:David B. O'Connor, Stephen Quirke, Quir O'Connor,
768:Puntland uses a parliamentary system in which the
515:
4406:"Somalia battles al-Shabab for Galgala mountains"
3575:. Puntlandgovt.com. 18 March 2005. Archived from
2632:as well as renovations and refurbishments to the
2143:sell more cheaply compared to those imported via
1676:Education Directorate (BED), among other boards.
9192:
5174:. Puntland Maritime Police Force. Archived from
4902:
3734:"Somaliland women prepare strategy for election"
3679:. Garoweonline.com. 17 July 2010. Archived from
1524:peering over the leafier portions of Puntland's
5912:The Statistical Abstract of Bosaso Municipality
5386:The Statistical Abstract of Bosaso Municipality
4605:"Hon. Mohamud Bile Dubbe Minister of Education"
3537:"Constitution of the Puntland State of Somalia"
2728:, it was formerly known as Radio Free Somalia.
2624:, in return for constructing a road connecting
1634:– from July to September; the second dry season
6330:
5736:
4539:Ness, Daniel; Lin, Chia-Ling (17 March 2015).
1901:of Minneapolis signing a sister city agreement
1584:region in the high plateau to the west of the
805:In April 2007, Muse held meetings with Sheikh
8861:
8437:
8013:
7442:
6569:
6422:
6074:
5787:Somalia: President Farole returns to Puntland
5095:. Puntlandgovt.com. Retrieved on 20 May 2012.
3488:
3461:
3402:
3400:
1877:is the main religion of the Puntland region.
1213:(SSC) provinces is disputed with Somaliland.
466:, which forms the tip of the Horn of Africa,
7828:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
5081:
5079:
4913:"Puntland to rehabilitate Bosaso-Qardo road"
3710:. Garowe Online. 12 May 2010. Archived from
1790:
953:Dr. Abdiweli Mohamed Ali Gaas administration
944:launched by an entrepreneur and businessman
615:
478:, located at a line of latitude higher than
74:
59:
5650:. Raxanreeb. 21 August 2014. Archived from
4946:"Puntland to upgrade Bosaso-Garowe highway"
3846:"Somalia: Puntland MPs amend electoral law"
2714:. The website features articles written in
2186:Puntland has the lowest rate of poverty in
2135:Food items and consumer goods imported via
1773:technical/vocational education and training
1628:– from April to June; the main rainy season
1198:was officially incorporated into Puntland.
1000:
715:community of Northern Somalia, whereby the
497:On 31 March 2024, following changes to the
9216:States and territories established in 1998
8868:
8854:
8444:
8430:
8020:
8006:
7449:
7435:
6576:
6562:
6429:
6415:
6081:
6067:
5739:"You're not sacked, you've been realigned"
5618:"Somalia: New Fish Market opens in Garowe"
4628:
4626:
3928:"New political party launched in Puntland"
3708:"President Farole – the Pride of Puntland"
3397:
3304:
3302:
3273:Transformation towards a regulated economy
2660:. The service also maintains an office in
1970:port. According to the Minister of Ports,
1938:Roadside view of a neighbourhood in Garowe
890:
5166:
5164:
5103:
5101:
5076:
4940:
4938:
2050:The Puntland Security Force (PSF) is the
992:President of Puntland Said Abdullahi Deni
8876:Countries and territories bordering the
6719:Ethiopian intervention (2006–2009)
5172:"About – Puntland Maritime Police Force"
4323:. United Nations High Commissioner for.
3375:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3367:
2643:
2584:
2519:
2038:
1945:
1933:
1794:
1678:
1654:
1515:
1251:, the southern part of Mudug is part of
987:
956:
907:
841:
837:
787:
663:
619:
555:
485:The name "Puntland" is derived from the
401:Dowlad Goboleedka Puntland ee Soomaaliya
269:212,510 km (82,050 sq mi)
61:Dowlad Goboleedka Puntland ee Soomaaliya
8027:
5914:. Bosaso Municipal Council. p. 58.
5859:"Somali Media Mapping – Radio Stations"
5594:. Golis Telecom website. Archived from
5449:
4623:
4538:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3299:
3206:
3204:
1954:in Bosaso in 2016, prior to renovations
809:, the crown prince and deputy ruler of
415:territory formed in 1998 that became a
14:
9193:
5562:"Somalia: New market opens in Bossaso"
5491:FAO Animal Production and Health Paper
5283:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5161:
5098:
4935:
4345:
4327:from the original on 15 September 2023
4245:
3176:
3021:"Puntland Facts and Figures 2012-2017"
2963:"Puntland Facts and Figures 2012-2017"
2914:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
979:
277:21,711 km (8,383 sq mi)
8849:
8451:
8425:
8001:
7430:
6557:
6410:
6088:
6062:
5962:from the original on 25 December 2021
5932:from the original on 13 November 2013
5550:from the original on 13 October 2017.
5527:
5525:
5523:
4829:
4811:from the original on 31 December 2013
4346:Hoehne, Markus Virgil (3 July 2014).
4076:
3529:
3364:
2724:is the state radio station. Based in
2015:Abdullahi Yusuf International Airport
1592:regions, into the lush green land of
27:Federal state in northeastern Somalia
6583:
6495:Planning and International Relations
6461:Civil Aviation and Airport Authority
5749:from the original on 3 December 2009
4777:puntland.learningpassport.unicef.org
4711:from the original on 15 October 2013
4314:
4246:Kariye, Dr Badal W. (30 July 2018).
4138:from the original on 9 February 2006
4077:Ahmed, Mohamed Omar (1 April 2024).
3695:
3501:from the original on 28 October 2020
3201:
2081:, with help from the United States.
1993:; they also provide flights for the
721:territorial disputes with Somaliland
9226:Autonomous administrative divisions
9168:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
5272:
5060:. 30 September 2013. Archived from
4352:Review of African Political Economy
3822:. 12 September 2012. Archived from
3651:"Puntland: The land of opportunity"
3452:. (PDF) . Retrieved on 20 May 2012.
2648:Some satellite services in Puntland
2163:act as second-grade market places.
2011:Bender Qassim International Airport
1952:Bender Qassim International Airport
1269:Largest cities or towns in Puntland
800:Bender Qassim International Airport
408:
376:
75:
24:
6014:from the original on 4 August 2023
5737:Mark Hawthorne (4 February 2009).
5568:. 14 December 2011. Archived from
5520:
5389:. Bosaso Municipal Council. 2006.
5349:"Puntland Fact Sheet – Relief Web"
4296:from the original on 24 April 2023
4215:"Somalia Population estimate 2005"
3964:. 21 December 2012. Archived from
3882:. 14 November 2012. Archived from
3852:. 12 November 2012. Archived from
3762:. Garoweonline.com. Archived from
3740:from the original on 22 April 2013
3489:ISSAfrica.org (5 September 2009).
3123:from the original on 22 April 2024
2757:Other media organizations include
2574:
1911:Municipal bus services operate in
1010:As stipulated in Article 3 of the
879:Puntland Agency For Social Welfare
694:As stipulated in Article 1 of the
25:
9257:
9173:Heard Island and McDonald Islands
6030:
5891:from the original on 2 April 2015
5839:from the original on 25 July 2017
5711:. Range Resources. Archived from
5679:. Range Resources. Archived from
4982:. 29 January 2012. Archived from
4846:from the original on 3 March 2012
4412:from the original on 10 July 2021
4089:from the original on 1 April 2024
3934:. 4 December 2012. Archived from
3657:from the original on 16 July 2011
3413:. Range Resources. Archived from
3328:. garoweonline.com (3 April 2012)
3189:from the original on 8 April 2024
3158:from the original on 1 April 2024
3141:
3033:from the original on 31 July 2023
2975:from the original on 31 July 2023
2936:from the original on 29 June 2021
2896:from the original on 10 June 2017
2826:Somali Salvation Democratic Front
1611:as a source of water rather than
1190:In January 2009, the short-lived
1180:Redistricting and border disputes
671:, one of the founders of Puntland
92:Wilāyat Arḍ al-Bunṭ aṣ-Ṣūmāliyyah
8988:
8752:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
8522:Democratic Republic of the Congo
8328:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
8098:Democratic Republic of the Congo
7979:
7968:
7967:
7775:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
7752:
7533:Democratic Republic of the Congo
7410:
7401:
7400:
6767:
6438:
6165:
6000:
5974:
5944:
5918:
5903:
5877:
5851:
5825:
5799:
5780:
5761:
5730:
5698:
5666:
5508:from the original on 22 May 2024
5470:from the original on 22 May 2024
5431:from the original on 22 May 2024
5393:from the original on 22 May 2024
5365:from the original on 23 May 2021
5315:from the original on 22 May 2024
5260:from the original on 9 July 2021
4956:from the original on 4 July 2012
4923:from the original on 13 May 2013
4872:from the original on 18 May 2015
4830:Farah, Mohamed I. (April 1994).
4783:from the original on 9 July 2021
4753:from the original on 9 July 2021
4559:from the original on 22 May 2024
4386:from the original on 22 May 2024
4266:from the original on 22 May 2024
4212:
4024:. 8 January 2014. Archived from
3994:. 8 January 2014. Archived from
3553:from the original on 23 May 2023
2862:, but is independent in practice
2800:
2683:(SBC TV) broadcast from Bosaso.
1882:
1346:
1336:
1309:
1299:
1034:
784:General Adde Muse administration
746:. He was succeeded in office by
150:
133:
121:
6687:Somaliland War of Independence
6042:Puntland Statistical Department
5926:"Radio Garowe – FM Frequencies"
5813:from the original on 6 May 2017
5640:
5610:
5592:"Golis Telecom Somalia Profile"
5584:
5554:
5482:
5443:
5405:
5377:
5341:
5242:
5216:
5190:
5139:
5120:
5046:
5016:
4998:
4968:
4884:
4858:
4823:
4795:
4765:
4735:
4723:
4697:
4671:
4652:
4597:
4571:
4532:
4506:
4476:
4450:
4424:
4398:
4339:
4308:
4278:
4239:
4206:
4180:
4150:
4124:
4101:
4070:
4040:
4010:
3980:
3950:
3920:
3898:
3868:
3838:
3808:
3778:
3752:
3726:
3669:
3643:
3617:
3591:
3565:
3513:
3482:
3455:
3436:
3331:
3311:
3278:
3266:
3254:
3228:
3170:
3135:
3105:
3075:, (HarperCollins: 1998), p. 92
3055:, (Rough Guides: 2003), p. 404
2681:Somali Broadcasting Corporation
2190:, with 27%, compared to 50% in
2155:. However, other towns such as
1715:, Puntland State University in
516:Majeerteen and Hobyo Sultanates
9163:Australian Antarctic Territory
9016:British Indian Ocean Territory
6491:Livestock and Animal Husbandry
6464:Culture Information Technology
6175:
5456:. Food & Agriculture Org.
5108:Intelligence profile – Somalia
5030:. 17 June 2012. Archived from
4804:Africa Confidential, Volume 48
3653:. Hiiraan.com. November 2008.
3217:, (The Division: 1993), p. 10
3085:
3065:
3045:
2987:
2922:
2876:
2848:
2086:Puntland Maritime Police Force
1596:and into Ethiopia and the low
776:are elected by the unicameral
675:Following the outbreak of the
626:Sayid Mohamed Abdullahi Hassan
601:, making his realm an Italian
454:in the southeast, the central
13:
1:
9221:1998 establishments in Africa
6677:Trust Territory of Somaliland
6226:
6142:Trust Territory of Somaliland
5534:"Somali Poverty Profile 2016"
3627:. AMEinfo.com. Archived from
2869:
2695:, its online sister website.
2077:during the rule of President
2075:Puntland Intelligence Service
1873:As with the rest of Somalia,
1735:(Puntland branch) in Bosaso,
974:Abdihakim Abdullahi Haji Omar
925:Puntland Electoral Commission
6485:Interior and federal Affairs
6294:
6277:
6197:
6010:. bbc.com. 14 January 2017.
4891:The First 100 Days in Office
4773:"Puntland Learning Passport"
4408:. BBC News. 1 October 2014.
4364:10.1080/03056244.2014.901945
2567:year in Galkayo and Qardho.
2067:Puntland Intelligence Agency
2019:Garowe International Airport
1906:
1644:
1511:
928:scheduled for January 2014.
7:
6505:Transportation and Seaports
6476:Fisheries and Sea Resources
5224:"Puntland State of Somalia"
4707:. Mannion Daniels Limited.
4188:"Puntland State of Somalia"
3573:"Puntland State of Somalia"
3095:, (UCL Press: 2003), p. 64
2995:"Puntland State of Somalia"
2821:Somaliland-Puntland dispute
2787:
2784:is formed with nine clubs.
2775:
2581:Oil exploration in Puntland
2211:Selected poverty indicators
2028:
1670:Early Childhood Development
1422:Puntland–Somaliland dispute
1186:Puntland–Somaliland dispute
825:170 million agreement with
757:
612:in the early 20th century.
287: • Estimate
91:
10:
9262:
6458:Agriculture and Irrigation
3236:"BiyoKulule Online Bosaso"
2791:
2768:
2677:Eastern Television Network
2578:
2099:
2032:
1805:
1648:
1567:
1335:
1298:
1260:
1183:
1033:
1005:
961:Presidential residence in
923:On 12 September 2012, the
894:
761:
508:
504:
36:
29:
9148:
8997:
8986:
8884:
8765:
8740:
8459:
8341:
8316:
8035:
7963:
7943:
7912:
7891:
7870:
7849:
7838:
7822:
7806:
7793:
7761:
7750:
7468:
7458:Countries and territories
7396:
7329:
7259:
7250:
7180:
7171:
7057:
7053:
7044:
6988:
6885:
6789:
6785:
6776:
6765:
6737:
6604:
6595:
6520:
6449:
6375:
6316:
6307:
6285:
6276:
6234:
6225:
6183:
6174:
6163:
6097:
4868:. Goobjoog. 10 May 2015.
3468:. John Wiley & Sons.
3308:The Majeerteen Sultanates
2764:
2517:society representatives.
2509:
2384:
2317:
1791:Demographics and religion
1787:University of Cambridge.
1709:Puntland State University
1661:Puntland State University
860:Fiscally, a transparent,
624:The territory of Dervish
616:Establishment of Puntland
458:region in the south, and
409:ولاية أرض البنط الصومالية
393:Puntland State of Somalia
348:
337:
321:
304:
294:
286:
281:
273:
265:
260:
247:
234:
221:
208:
203:
193:
158:
149:
117:
113:Puntland State of Somalia
112:
103:
76:ولاية أرض البنط الصومالية
51:
8507:Central African Republic
8083:Central African Republic
7518:Central African Republic
6508:Women and Family affairs
5982:"About :: Puntland"
5543:(PDF). pp. 91–102.
5356:Relief Web International
4896:23 February 2013 at the
3215:Somalia: a country study
2854:Formally claims to be a
2841:
2639:
1659:A computer classroom in
1001:Administrative divisions
918:Constitution of Puntland
736:House of Representatives
630:Muxamed Ibraahim Muxamed
560:One of the forts of the
438:Puntland is bordered by
37:Not to be confused with
9036:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
6637:Sultanate of the Geledi
5792:17 October 2013 at the
5132:17 October 2013 at the
4836:Life & Peace Review
4664:26 January 2016 at the
4659:East Somalia University
3324:17 October 2013 at the
3073:Secrets of the Pharaohs
2634:Abdullahi Yusuf Airport
2535:Bosaso is also home to
2035:Puntland Security Force
1820:ethnic group, with the
1725:East Somalia University
1201:Control of the western
891:Democratization process
807:Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi
499:Constitution of Somalia
6444:Government of Puntland
5414:Somalia, a "spy" Guide
5333:: CS1 maint: others (
4730:Basic education survey
4514:"Education for Nomads"
4220:. UNDP. Archived from
2649:
2593:
2532:
2060:Puntland Dervish Force
2047:
2045:Puntland Dervish Force
1955:
1939:
1803:
1757:East Africa University
1692:
1685:East Africa University
1664:
1548:in the southeast, and
1529:
993:
965:
913:
849:
795:
778:Parliament of Puntland
764:Government of Puntland
672:
661:
568:
450:in the northeast, the
400:
384:
368:
60:
9246:Separatism in Somalia
8667:São Tomé and Príncipe
8527:Republic of the Congo
8243:São Tomé and Príncipe
8103:Republic of the Congo
7679:São Tomé and Príncipe
7538:Republic of the Congo
5091:13 April 2018 at the
5086:Puntland Constitution
4484:"Chlidren Education (
3142:Ahmed, Mohamed Omar.
2782:Puntland State League
2771:Puntland State League
2748:Established in 2014,
2686:Established in 2004,
2675:The private stations
2654:Puntland TV and Radio
2647:
2588:
2537:Golis Telecom Somalia
2523:
2251:current million USD)
2079:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
2058:The PSF includes the
2042:
2009:, which operate from
1949:
1937:
1798:
1682:
1658:
1519:
991:
960:
911:
897:Elections in Puntland
845:
838:Farole administration
791:
689:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
669:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
667:
623:
559:
323: • Summer (
216:presidential republic
9241:Separatism in Africa
9211:Geography of Somalia
9135:United Arab Emirates
6726:(2009–present)
6657:Warsangali Sultanate
6647:Majeerteen Sultanate
6127:Warsangali Sultanate
6122:Majeerteen Sultanate
6047:29 June 2021 at the
5773:13 June 2015 at the
5706:"2007 Annual Report"
5256:. 12 December 2020.
4679:"Tertiary Education"
4634:"Educational System"
4611:on 29 September 2010
4585:on 29 September 2010
4438:on 29 September 2010
4286:"Where is Puntland?"
3393:on 19 December 2018.
2831:Majeerteen Sultanate
2233:(% of poverty line)
1769:non-formal education
1733:Mogadishu University
1719:, Bosaso College in
1651:Education in Somalia
1536:. It is bordered by
970:Abdiweli Mohamed Ali
815:United Arab Emirates
744:President of Somalia
562:Majeerteen Sultanate
522:Majeerteen Sultanate
417:Federal Member State
255:Abdirizak Ahmed Said
106:Federal Member State
46:Federal Member State
18:Politics of Puntland
8742:States with limited
8318:States with limited
8029:Geography of Africa
7935:Plazas de soberanía
7839:African territories
7779:unclear sovereignty
7764:States with limited
6054:Somalia Control Map
5157:on 17 October 2013.
5113:5 June 2013 at the
5012:on 17 October 2013.
4986:on 23 February 2013
4919:. 22 October 2012.
4194:on 21 December 2014
4132:"Somalia – Maakhir"
3968:on 10 December 2013
3448:6 June 2013 at the
3420:on 20 November 2012
3284:Lee V. Cassanelli,
3177:Ben Mariem, Salma.
2794:Outline of Puntland
2213:
2071:intelligence bureau
1958:Bosaso has a major
1701:secondary education
985:Diayno's 31 votes.
980:Deni administration
937:Abdisamad Ali Shire
511:History of Puntland
433:Scramble for Africa
429:intra-46th meridian
242:Ilyas Osman Lugator
229:Said Abdullahi Deni
174: /
8453:Climate of Africa
7843:non-African states
7028:South West Somalia
6672:British Somaliland
6667:Italian Somaliland
6652:Sultanate of Hobyo
6482:Industry and Trade
6137:Italian Somaliland
5686:on 17 October 2012
5628:on 17 October 2013
5598:on 22 October 2007
5034:on 17 October 2013
4458:"Girl's Education"
4134:. Worldstatesmen.
4118:2018-04-13 at the
4058:on 29 October 2020
3886:on 3 December 2013
3856:on 3 December 2013
3826:on 3 December 2013
3796:on 3 December 2013
3766:on 24 October 2013
3605:on 7 November 2007
3001:on 5 November 2018
2836:Sultanate of Hobyo
2650:
2594:
2541:telecommunications
2533:
2224:(% of population)
2209:
2048:
1956:
1940:
1895:Yasin Mire Mohamud
1868:population density
1804:
1737:Maakhir University
1705:Tertiary education
1693:
1665:
1544:in the north, the
1530:
1228:was carved out of
994:
966:
946:Omar Ismail Waberi
914:
850:
796:
793:Mohamud Muse Hersi
752:Mohamud Muse Hersi
673:
662:
610:Italian Somaliland
592:Sultanate of Hobyo
569:
446:in the north, the
391:), officially the
274: • Water
266: • Total
9206:States of Somalia
9188:
9187:
8843:
8842:
8769:other territories
8542:Equatorial Guinea
8419:
8418:
8345:other territories
8118:Equatorial Guinea
7995:
7994:
7959:
7958:
7834:
7833:
7554:Equatorial Guinea
7424:
7423:
7392:
7391:
7246:
7245:
7167:
7166:
7163:
7162:
7131:Political parties
7121:Political history
7077:Foreign relations
7040:
7039:
7036:
7035:
6814:Guardafui Channel
6763:
6762:
6702:(1986–1992)
6689:(1981–1991)
6551:
6550:
6511:Youth and Laborer
6404:
6403:
6371:
6370:
6303:
6302:
6272:
6271:
6249:Foreign relations
6221:
6220:
5835:. 30 March 2017.
5572:on 5 October 2013
5501:978-92-5-106453-5
5463:978-92-5-130419-8
5424:978-0-7397-7155-6
5230:on 5 October 2007
5178:on 11 August 2012
5064:on 4 October 2013
4685:on 30 August 2010
4640:on 30 August 2010
4552:978-1-317-46750-2
4520:on 30 August 2010
4494:on 30 August 2010
4464:on 30 August 2010
4292:. 2 August 2019.
4259:978-1-387-98657-6
4028:on 8 January 2014
3998:on 8 January 2014
3475:978-1-119-38473-1
3211:Helen Chapin Metz
2738:Based in Garowe,
2549:internet services
2514:
2513:
1972:Said Mohamed Rage
1808:Islam in Puntland
1749:Nugaal University
1697:primary education
1540:to its west, the
1508:
1507:
1240:, and Ayn out of
1177:
1176:
854:Abdirahman Farole
852:In January 2009,
847:Abdirahman Farole
731:and Ayn regions.
642:Las Anod District
581:Arabian Peninsula
573:Yusuf Ali Kenadid
564:(Migiurtinia) in
448:Guardafui Channel
442:to its west, the
358:
357:
209: • Type
16:(Redirected from
9253:
9041:
9031:
9026:Christmas Island
9020:
8992:
8870:
8863:
8856:
8847:
8846:
8830:
8829:(United Kingdom)
8825:Tristan da Cunha
8821:Ascension Island
8813:
8800:
8791:
8767:Dependencies and
8460:Sovereign states
8446:
8439:
8432:
8423:
8422:
8406:
8405:(United Kingdom)
8401:Tristan da Cunha
8397:Ascension Island
8389:
8376:
8367:
8343:Dependencies and
8036:Sovereign states
8022:
8015:
8008:
7999:
7998:
7983:
7971:
7970:
7847:
7846:
7804:
7803:
7756:
7550:(partly in Asia)
7470:Sovereign states
7451:
7444:
7437:
7428:
7427:
7414:
7404:
7403:
7257:
7256:
7223:
7210:Mineral industry
7200:Economic history
7178:
7177:
7111:
7055:
7054:
7051:
7050:
6787:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6771:
6727:
6720:
6703:
6690:
6662:Dervish movement
6622:Walashma dynasty
6602:
6601:
6578:
6571:
6564:
6555:
6554:
6502:Security and DDR
6443:
6442:
6431:
6424:
6417:
6408:
6407:
6384:
6314:
6313:
6283:
6282:
6232:
6231:
6181:
6180:
6169:
6083:
6076:
6069:
6060:
6059:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6019:
6004:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5993:
5988:on 28 April 2010
5984:. Archived from
5978:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5967:
5948:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5937:
5922:
5916:
5915:
5907:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5881:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5865:on 21 March 2015
5861:. Archived from
5855:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5829:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5803:
5797:
5784:
5778:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5718:on 21 March 2012
5717:
5710:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5685:
5678:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5654:on 18 April 2015
5644:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5624:. Archived from
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5588:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5538:
5529:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5447:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5409:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5364:
5353:
5345:
5339:
5338:
5332:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5285:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5226:. Archived from
5220:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5204:on 22 March 2016
5200:. Archived from
5194:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5168:
5159:
5158:
5153:. Archived from
5143:
5137:
5124:
5118:
5105:
5096:
5083:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5050:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5020:
5014:
5013:
5008:. Archived from
5002:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4972:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4952:. 28 June 2012.
4942:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4909:
4900:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4827:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4739:
4733:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4675:
4669:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4630:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4358:(141): 358–373.
4343:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4226:
4219:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4190:. Archived from
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4164:. Archived from
4154:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4128:
4122:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4054:. Archived from
4044:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4014:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3792:. Archived from
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3704:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3579:on 20 April 2009
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3552:
3541:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3459:
3453:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3419:
3412:
3404:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3386:. Archived from
3385:
3377:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3335:
3329:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3297:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3264:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3238:. Archived from
3232:
3226:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3147:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3109:
3103:
3093:Mysterious lands
3089:
3083:
3069:
3063:
3051:Dan Richardson,
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3032:
3025:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2997:. Archived from
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2967:
2959:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2913:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2895:
2888:
2880:
2863:
2852:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2759:Raxanreeb Online
2493:IDP Settlements
2214:
2208:
2106:marine resources
1886:
1663:'s Garowe campus
1350:
1340:
1313:
1303:
1270:
1258:
1257:
1038:
1017:
677:Somali Civil War
654:Boocame District
491:ancient Egyptian
410:
378:
328:
189:
188:
186:
185:
184:
179:
178:8.400°N 48.483°E
175:
172:
171:
170:
167:
154:
137:
125:
94:
86:
78:
77:
71:
63:
49:
48:
21:
9261:
9260:
9256:
9255:
9254:
9252:
9251:
9250:
9236:Self-governance
9191:
9190:
9189:
9184:
9144:
9039:
9029:
9018:
8993:
8984:
8880:
8874:
8844:
8839:
8838:
8828:
8811:
8798:
8789:
8770:
8768:
8761:
8745:
8743:
8736:
8455:
8450:
8420:
8415:
8414:
8404:
8387:
8374:
8365:
8346:
8344:
8337:
8321:
8319:
8312:
8031:
8026:
7996:
7991:
7955:
7939:
7908:
7887:
7883:Pelagie Islands
7866:
7842:
7840:
7830:
7818:
7800:
7797:
7789:
7768:
7765:
7757:
7748:
7464:
7455:
7425:
7420:
7388:
7325:
7316:Public holidays
7242:
7221:
7159:
7105:
7032:
6984:
6980:Woqooyi Galbeed
6965:Middle Shebelle
6881:
6841:Mountain ranges
6809:Greater Somalia
6772:
6759:
6733:
6725:
6718:
6701:
6688:
6642:Isaaq Sultanate
6591:
6582:
6552:
6547:
6516:
6445:
6437:
6435:
6405:
6400:
6387:
6380:
6367:
6299:
6268:
6217:
6188:Greater Somalia
6170:
6161:
6093:
6087:
6049:Wayback Machine
6033:
6028:
6027:
6017:
6015:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5991:
5989:
5980:
5979:
5975:
5965:
5963:
5950:
5949:
5945:
5935:
5933:
5924:
5923:
5919:
5908:
5904:
5894:
5892:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5868:
5866:
5857:
5856:
5852:
5842:
5840:
5831:
5830:
5826:
5816:
5814:
5805:
5804:
5800:
5794:Wayback Machine
5785:
5781:
5775:Wayback Machine
5766:
5762:
5752:
5750:
5735:
5731:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5708:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5689:
5687:
5683:
5676:
5672:
5671:
5667:
5657:
5655:
5646:
5645:
5641:
5631:
5629:
5616:
5615:
5611:
5601:
5599:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5575:
5573:
5560:
5559:
5555:
5547:
5536:
5530:
5521:
5511:
5509:
5502:
5488:
5487:
5483:
5473:
5471:
5464:
5448:
5444:
5434:
5432:
5425:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5396:
5394:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5351:
5347:
5346:
5342:
5326:
5325:
5318:
5316:
5301:
5287:
5286:
5273:
5263:
5261:
5248:
5247:
5243:
5233:
5231:
5222:
5221:
5217:
5207:
5205:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5181:
5179:
5170:
5169:
5162:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5134:Wayback Machine
5125:
5121:
5115:Wayback Machine
5106:
5099:
5093:Wayback Machine
5084:
5077:
5067:
5065:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5037:
5035:
5022:
5021:
5017:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4989:
4987:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4959:
4957:
4944:
4943:
4936:
4926:
4924:
4911:
4910:
4903:
4898:Wayback Machine
4889:
4885:
4875:
4873:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4849:
4847:
4828:
4824:
4814:
4812:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4786:
4784:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4756:
4754:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4728:
4724:
4714:
4712:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4688:
4686:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4666:Wayback Machine
4657:
4653:
4643:
4641:
4632:
4631:
4624:
4614:
4612:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4588:
4586:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4562:
4560:
4553:
4537:
4533:
4523:
4521:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4497:
4495:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4467:
4465:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4441:
4439:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4415:
4413:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4389:
4387:
4344:
4340:
4330:
4328:
4313:
4309:
4299:
4297:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4269:
4267:
4260:
4244:
4240:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4217:
4211:
4207:
4197:
4195:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4171:
4169:
4168:on 13 June 2015
4156:
4155:
4151:
4141:
4139:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4120:Wayback Machine
4106:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4075:
4071:
4061:
4059:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4031:
4029:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3971:
3969:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3941:
3939:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3911:
3909:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3859:
3857:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3829:
3827:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3799:
3797:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3769:
3767:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3715:
3714:on 19 June 2010
3706:
3705:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3631:on 28 July 2012
3623:
3622:
3618:
3608:
3606:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3582:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3544:FAOLEX Database
3539:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3504:
3502:
3487:
3483:
3476:
3460:
3456:
3450:Wayback Machine
3441:
3437:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3390:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3365:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3326:Wayback Machine
3316:
3312:
3307:
3300:
3283:
3279:
3271:
3267:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3209:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3175:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3124:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3090:
3086:
3070:
3066:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2907:
2906:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2884:"Archived copy"
2882:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2856:federated state
2853:
2849:
2844:
2816:Federated state
2806:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2790:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2722:Radio Gaalkacyo
2642:
2598:Range Resources
2583:
2577:
2575:Oil exploration
2239:severity index
2102:
2094:illegal fishing
2037:
2031:
2007:Daallo Airlines
2005:, Osob Air and
1909:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1887:
1810:
1793:
1653:
1647:
1570:
1554:Golis Mountains
1514:
1509:
1351:
1345:
1341:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1188:
1182:
1008:
1003:
982:
955:
899:
893:
840:
786:
766:
760:
638:Nugaal province
618:
583:with a band of
518:
513:
507:
322:
182:
180:
176:
173:
168:
165:
163:
161:
160:
145:
144:
143:
142:
131:
130:
108:
99:
98:
80:
65:
54:
47:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9259:
9249:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9186:
9185:
9183:
9182:
9177:
9176:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9152:
9150:
9146:
9145:
9143:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9032:
9022:
9019:United Kingdom
9012:
9007:
9001:
8999:
8995:
8994:
8987:
8985:
8983:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8929:
8928:
8921:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8888:
8886:
8882:
8881:
8873:
8872:
8865:
8858:
8850:
8841:
8840:
8837:
8836:
8834:Western Sahara
8831:
8814:
8801:
8792:
8778:Canary Islands
8774:
8773:
8771:
8766:
8763:
8762:
8760:
8759:
8754:
8748:
8746:
8741:
8738:
8737:
8735:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8463:
8461:
8457:
8456:
8449:
8448:
8441:
8434:
8426:
8417:
8416:
8413:
8412:
8410:Western Sahara
8407:
8390:
8377:
8368:
8354:Canary Islands
8350:
8349:
8347:
8342:
8339:
8338:
8336:
8335:
8330:
8324:
8322:
8317:
8314:
8313:
8311:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8039:
8037:
8033:
8032:
8025:
8024:
8017:
8010:
8002:
7993:
7992:
7990:
7989:
7977:
7964:
7961:
7960:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7953:
7947:
7945:
7941:
7940:
7938:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7920:Canary Islands
7916:
7914:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7906:
7904:Savage Islands
7901:
7895:
7893:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7885:
7880:
7874:
7872:
7868:
7867:
7865:
7864:
7859:
7853:
7851:
7844:
7836:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7826:
7824:
7823:United Kingdom
7820:
7819:
7817:
7816:
7810:
7808:
7801:
7794:
7791:
7790:
7788:
7787:
7782:
7771:
7769:
7762:
7759:
7758:
7751:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7474:
7472:
7466:
7465:
7454:
7453:
7446:
7439:
7431:
7422:
7421:
7419:
7418:
7408:
7397:
7394:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7335:
7333:
7327:
7326:
7324:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7269:Child marriage
7266:
7260:
7254:
7248:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7240:
7238:Transportation
7235:
7230:
7228:Communications
7225:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7181:
7175:
7169:
7168:
7165:
7164:
7161:
7160:
7158:
7157:
7156:
7155:
7148:Prime Minister
7145:
7144:
7143:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7101:
7096:
7095:
7094:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7058:
7048:
7042:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6994:
6992:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6970:Lower Shebelle
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6891:
6889:
6883:
6882:
6880:
6879:
6878:
6877:
6875:Bajuni Islands
6867:
6866:
6865:
6855:
6854:
6853:
6848:
6838:
6837:
6836:
6831:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6790:
6780:
6774:
6773:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6741:
6739:
6735:
6734:
6732:
6731:
6730:
6729:
6722:
6710:
6705:
6697:
6695:Isaaq genocide
6692:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6627:Adal Sultanate
6624:
6619:
6614:
6608:
6606:
6599:
6593:
6592:
6581:
6580:
6573:
6566:
6558:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6544:
6543:
6540:
6537:
6532:
6524:
6522:
6518:
6517:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6512:
6509:
6506:
6503:
6500:
6497:
6492:
6489:
6486:
6483:
6480:
6477:
6474:
6471:
6468:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6453:
6451:
6447:
6446:
6434:
6433:
6426:
6419:
6411:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6393:
6386:
6385:
6377:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6317:
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6213:Cape Guardafui
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6193:Horn of Africa
6190:
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6157:Border dispute
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6149:
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6095:
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6092: articles
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6031:External links
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4579:"The Ministry"
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4227:on 21 May 2023
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3938:on 4 June 2013
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3908:. Sahan online
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3151:Bloomberg News
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2808:Somalia portal
2792:Main article:
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2769:Main article:
2766:
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2606:Dharoor Valley
2579:Main article:
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2033:Main article:
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2023:Qardho Airport
2013:in Bosaso and
1908:
1905:
1897:of Bosaso and
1889:
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1879:
1806:Main article:
1792:
1789:
1649:Main article:
1646:
1643:
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1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1572:The region is
1569:
1566:
1528:mountain range
1513:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1417:Badhan, Sanaag
1414:
1410:
1409:
1406:
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1396:
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1391:
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1264:
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1129:
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1115:
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1111:
1106:
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1081:
1076:
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1069:
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1055:
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1046:
1040:
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866:public finance
839:
836:
811:Ras al-Khaimah
785:
782:
774:vice president
762:Main article:
759:
756:
658:Bookh District
650:Taleh District
646:Xudun District
617:
614:
526:Osman Mahamuud
517:
514:
509:Main article:
506:
503:
464:Cape Guardafui
356:
355:
352:
346:
345:
339:
335:
334:
329:
319:
318:
308:
302:
301:
298:
292:
291:
288:
284:
283:
279:
278:
275:
271:
270:
267:
263:
262:
258:
257:
252:
245:
244:
239:
237:Vice-President
232:
231:
226:
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206:
205:
201:
200:
195:
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190:
156:
155:
147:
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138:
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126:
120:
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118:
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104:
101:
100:
97:
96:
87:
72:
56:
55:
52:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9258:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9198:
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9181:
9178:
9174:
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9147:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
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9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9038:
9037:
9033:
9028:
9027:
9023:
9021:
9017:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
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9000:
8996:
8991:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8965:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8927:
8926:
8922:
8920:
8919:
8915:
8914:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8889:
8887:
8883:
8879:
8871:
8866:
8864:
8859:
8857:
8852:
8851:
8848:
8835:
8832:
8826:
8822:
8818:
8815:
8809:
8805:
8802:
8796:
8793:
8787:
8783:
8779:
8776:
8775:
8772:
8764:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8749:
8747:
8739:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
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8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
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8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8582:Guinea-Bissau
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
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8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8464:
8462:
8458:
8454:
8447:
8442:
8440:
8435:
8433:
8428:
8427:
8424:
8411:
8408:
8402:
8398:
8394:
8391:
8385:
8381:
8378:
8372:
8369:
8363:
8359:
8355:
8352:
8351:
8348:
8340:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8325:
8323:
8315:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8158:Guinea-Bissau
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8040:
8038:
8034:
8030:
8023:
8018:
8016:
8011:
8009:
8004:
8003:
8000:
7988:
7987:
7986:Africa portal
7982:
7978:
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7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7917:
7915:
7911:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7896:
7894:
7890:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7875:
7873:
7869:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7854:
7852:
7848:
7845:
7841:fully part of
7837:
7829:
7825:
7821:
7815:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7805:
7802:
7799:
7792:
7786:
7783:
7780:
7776:
7773:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7760:
7755:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7594:Guinea-Bissau
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7471:
7467:
7463:
7459:
7452:
7447:
7445:
7440:
7438:
7433:
7432:
7429:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7407:
7399:
7398:
7395:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7332:
7328:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7300:
7299:Mental health
7297:
7296:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7261:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7249:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7182:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7170:
7154:
7151:
7150:
7149:
7146:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7093:
7090:
7089:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7059:
7056:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7043:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6991:
6987:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
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6908:
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6901:
6898:
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6890:
6888:
6884:
6876:
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6817:
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6807:
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6800:
6797:
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6792:
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6709:
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6685:
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6678:
6675:
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6658:
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6648:
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6640:
6638:
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6632:Ajuran Empire
6630:
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6623:
6620:
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6610:
6609:
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6572:
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6538:
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6523:
6519:
6510:
6507:
6504:
6501:
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6496:
6493:
6490:
6487:
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6475:
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6306:
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6288:
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6279:
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6262:
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6257:
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6252:
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6230:
6228:
6224:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6203:Nugaal Valley
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6168:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6132:Dervish state
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6091:
6084:
6079:
6077:
6072:
6070:
6065:
6064:
6061:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6046:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6013:
6009:
6003:
5987:
5983:
5977:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5947:
5931:
5927:
5921:
5913:
5906:
5890:
5886:
5880:
5864:
5860:
5854:
5838:
5834:
5828:
5812:
5808:
5802:
5795:
5791:
5788:
5783:
5776:
5772:
5769:
5764:
5748:
5744:
5740:
5733:
5714:
5707:
5701:
5682:
5675:
5669:
5653:
5649:
5643:
5627:
5623:
5622:Garowe Online
5619:
5613:
5597:
5593:
5587:
5571:
5567:
5566:Garowe Online
5563:
5557:
5546:
5542:
5535:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5507:
5503:
5497:
5493:
5492:
5485:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5455:
5454:
5446:
5430:
5426:
5420:
5416:
5415:
5408:
5392:
5388:
5387:
5380:
5361:
5358:. July 2012.
5357:
5350:
5344:
5336:
5330:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5300:1-874209-04-9
5296:
5292:
5291:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5245:
5229:
5225:
5219:
5203:
5199:
5193:
5177:
5173:
5167:
5165:
5156:
5152:
5151:Garowe Online
5148:
5142:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5123:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5104:
5102:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5082:
5080:
5063:
5059:
5058:Garowe Online
5055:
5049:
5033:
5029:
5028:Garowe Online
5025:
5019:
5011:
5007:
5001:
4985:
4981:
4980:Garowe Online
4977:
4971:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4941:
4939:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4908:
4906:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4887:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4826:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4798:
4782:
4779:(in Somali).
4778:
4774:
4768:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4738:
4731:
4726:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4684:
4680:
4674:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4655:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4558:
4554:
4548:
4545:. Routledge.
4544:
4543:
4535:
4519:
4515:
4509:
4493:
4489:
4487:
4479:
4463:
4459:
4453:
4437:
4433:
4427:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4342:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4311:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4242:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4167:
4163:
4162:Puntland Post
4159:
4153:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4121:
4117:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4088:
4084:
4083:Bloomberg.com
4080:
4073:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4027:
4023:
4022:Horseed Media
4019:
4013:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3967:
3963:
3962:Garowe Online
3959:
3953:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3907:
3901:
3885:
3881:
3880:Garowe Online
3877:
3871:
3855:
3851:
3850:Garowe Online
3847:
3841:
3825:
3821:
3820:Garowe Online
3817:
3811:
3795:
3791:
3790:Garowe Online
3787:
3781:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3739:
3736:. Afrol.com.
3735:
3729:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3656:
3652:
3646:
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3327:
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3314:
3305:
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3295:
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3269:
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3257:
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3224:
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3212:
3207:
3205:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3146:
3138:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3071:Ian McMahan,
3068:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3029:
3022:
3016:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2971:
2964:
2958:
2956:
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2935:
2931:
2925:
2917:
2911:
2892:
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2879:
2875:
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2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2798:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2780:In 2017, the
2772:
2762:
2760:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2751:Puntland Star
2746:
2743:
2742:
2741:Puntland Post
2736:
2733:
2732:Horseed Media
2729:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2693:Garowe Online
2689:
2684:
2682:
2679:(ETN TV) and
2678:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2646:
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2508:
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2400:
2398:
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2328:
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2316:
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2300:
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2271:
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2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2126:manufacturing
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2069:(PIA) is the
2068:
2063:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2003:Jubba Airways
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1878:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:surface water
1610:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1504:{{{pop_10}}}
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
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1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
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1438:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1404:Bari, Somalia
1402:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1330:
1329:Bari, Somalia
1327:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1013:
998:
990:
986:
977:
975:
971:
964:
959:
950:
947:
943:
938:
934:
929:
926:
921:
919:
910:
906:
904:
898:
888:
886:
885:
880:
874:
872:
867:
863:
858:
855:
848:
844:
835:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
803:
801:
794:
790:
781:
779:
775:
771:
765:
755:
753:
749:
748:Mohamed Hashi
745:
741:
740:Jama Ali Jama
737:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
701:
697:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
670:
666:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
613:
611:
606:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
586:
582:
578:
574:
567:
563:
558:
554:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
528:. Centred in
527:
523:
512:
502:
500:
495:
492:
489:mentioned in
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:Paese di Punt
386:
385:Terra di Punt
382:
374:
370:
366:
362:
353:
351:
350:ISO 3166 code
347:
343:
340:
336:
333:
330:
326:
320:
316:
312:
309:
307:
303:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
256:
253:
251:
250:House Speaker
248: •
246:
243:
240:
238:
235: •
233:
230:
227:
225:
222: •
220:
217:
214:
211:
207:
202:
199:
196:
192:
187:
183:8.400; 48.483
159:Coordinates:
157:
153:
148:
141:
136:
129:
124:
116:
111:
107:
102:
95:
93:
88:
84:
73:
69:
62:
58:
57:
50:
44:
40:
33:
19:
9155:
9110:Saudi Arabia
9034:
9024:
9014:
8970:South Africa
8962:
8923:
8916:
8878:Indian Ocean
8817:Saint Helena
8788:
8692:South Africa
8682:Sierra Leone
8487:Burkina Faso
8393:Saint Helena
8364:
8268:South Africa
8258:Sierra Leone
8063:Burkina Faso
7984:
7972:
7814:Îles Éparses
7704:South Africa
7694:Sierra Leone
7498:Burkina Faso
7339:Architecture
7279:Demographics
7274:Coat of arms
7215:Oil industry
7190:Central Bank
7107:
7087:Human rights
7067:Constitution
7022:
6617:Land of Punt
6499:Public Works
6331:Demographics
6239:Constitution
6107:Land of Punt
6089:
6016:. Retrieved
6002:
5990:. Retrieved
5986:the original
5976:
5964:. Retrieved
5955:
5946:
5934:. Retrieved
5920:
5911:
5905:
5893:. Retrieved
5879:
5867:. Retrieved
5863:the original
5853:
5841:. Retrieved
5827:
5815:. Retrieved
5801:
5782:
5763:
5751:. Retrieved
5732:
5720:. Retrieved
5713:the original
5700:
5688:. Retrieved
5681:the original
5668:
5656:. Retrieved
5652:the original
5642:
5630:. Retrieved
5626:the original
5621:
5612:
5600:. Retrieved
5596:the original
5586:
5574:. Retrieved
5570:the original
5565:
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5540:
5510:. Retrieved
5490:
5484:
5472:. Retrieved
5452:
5445:
5433:. Retrieved
5413:
5407:
5395:. Retrieved
5385:
5379:
5367:. Retrieved
5355:
5343:
5317:. Retrieved
5289:
5262:. Retrieved
5253:
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5232:. Retrieved
5228:the original
5218:
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5202:the original
5192:
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5176:the original
5155:the original
5150:
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5066:. Retrieved
5062:the original
5057:
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5036:. Retrieved
5032:the original
5027:
5018:
5010:the original
5000:
4988:. Retrieved
4984:the original
4979:
4970:
4958:. Retrieved
4949:
4925:. Retrieved
4916:
4886:
4874:. Retrieved
4860:
4848:. Retrieved
4839:
4835:
4825:
4813:. Retrieved
4803:
4797:
4785:. Retrieved
4776:
4767:
4755:. Retrieved
4746:
4737:
4725:
4713:. Retrieved
4699:
4687:. Retrieved
4683:the original
4673:
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4642:. Retrieved
4638:the original
4613:. Retrieved
4609:the original
4599:
4587:. Retrieved
4583:the original
4573:
4561:. Retrieved
4541:
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4518:the original
4508:
4496:. Retrieved
4492:the original
4485:
4478:
4466:. Retrieved
4462:the original
4452:
4440:. Retrieved
4436:the original
4426:
4414:. Retrieved
4400:
4388:. Retrieved
4355:
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4329:. Retrieved
4320:
4310:
4298:. Retrieved
4289:
4280:
4268:. Retrieved
4252:. Lulu.com.
4248:
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4222:the original
4208:
4196:. Retrieved
4192:the original
4182:
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4166:the original
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4140:. Retrieved
4126:
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4091:. Retrieved
4082:
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4060:. Retrieved
4056:the original
4051:
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4030:. Retrieved
4026:the original
4021:
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4000:. Retrieved
3996:the original
3991:
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3970:. Retrieved
3966:the original
3961:
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3940:. Retrieved
3936:the original
3931:
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3910:. Retrieved
3900:
3888:. Retrieved
3884:the original
3879:
3870:
3858:. Retrieved
3854:the original
3849:
3840:
3830:18 September
3828:. Retrieved
3824:the original
3819:
3810:
3798:. Retrieved
3794:the original
3789:
3780:
3768:. Retrieved
3764:the original
3754:
3742:. Retrieved
3728:
3716:. Retrieved
3712:the original
3685:. Retrieved
3681:the original
3671:
3659:. Retrieved
3645:
3633:. Retrieved
3629:the original
3619:
3607:. Retrieved
3603:the original
3593:
3581:. Retrieved
3577:the original
3567:
3555:. Retrieved
3543:
3531:
3521:
3515:
3503:. Retrieved
3494:
3484:
3464:
3457:
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3429:
3422:. Retrieved
3415:the original
3388:the original
3354:. Retrieved
3339:
3333:
3313:
3285:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3260:
3256:
3244:. Retrieved
3240:the original
3230:
3214:
3193:15 September
3191:. Retrieved
3182:
3172:
3160:. Retrieved
3149:
3137:
3127:15 September
3125:. Retrieved
3116:
3107:
3092:
3087:
3072:
3067:
3052:
3047:
3035:. Retrieved
3015:
3003:. Retrieved
2999:the original
2989:
2977:. Retrieved
2938:. Retrieved
2924:
2898:. Retrieved
2878:
2850:
2779:
2756:
2749:
2747:
2739:
2737:
2730:
2720:
2697:
2688:Radio Garowe
2685:
2674:
2651:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2595:
2569:
2565:
2534:
2515:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2430:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2389:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2322:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2210:
2185:
2165:
2134:
2114:frankincense
2103:
2083:
2074:
2064:
2057:
2049:
2043:Logo of the
1976:
1957:
1941:
1910:
1899:Betsy Hodges
1872:
1865:
1830:
1811:
1799:A mosque in
1785:
1777:
1694:
1683:Entrance to
1674:
1666:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1606:
1571:
1546:Indian Ocean
1542:Gulf of Aden
1531:
1490:{{{pop_9}}}
1476:{{{pop_8}}}
1246:
1215:
1200:
1189:
1011:
1009:
995:
983:
967:
930:
922:
915:
900:
882:
875:
859:
851:
831:Lootah Group
804:
797:
767:
733:
693:
684:
674:
607:
603:protectorate
596:
570:
519:
496:
487:Land of Punt
484:
452:Indian Ocean
444:Gulf of Aden
437:
392:
388:
360:
359:
338:Calling code
140:Coat of arms
89:
43:
32:Land of Punt
9130:Timor-Leste
9040:(Australia)
9030:(Australia)
8744:recognition
8697:South Sudan
8587:Ivory Coast
8320:recognition
8273:South Sudan
8163:Ivory Coast
7878:Pantelleria
7798:territories
7766:recognition
7709:South Sudan
7599:Ivory Coast
7185:Agriculture
7092:LGBT rights
7008:Hirshabelle
6945:Middle Juba
6470:Environment
6450:Ministerial
5966:25 December
5936:13 November
5753:10 November
5602:17 December
5576:13 November
5512:25 December
5474:25 December
5435:25 December
5397:25 December
5369:22 February
5319:18 November
5038:13 November
4990:13 November
4432:"Education"
3912:14 February
3890:19 November
3860:19 November
3770:30 December
3744:30 December
3718:30 December
3687:30 December
3183:Jurist News
2592:in Puntland
2248:(per year,
2202:and 4.5 in
2194:and 57% in
2130:agriculture
2052:armed force
2025:in Qardho.
1983:Addis Ababa
1964:Middle East
1828:residents.
1781:Bari region
1578:pastoralism
1192:quasi-state
1089:Ra'as Aseir
903:multi-party
871:multi-party
636:regions of
634:Ciid-Nugaal
632:, included
534:Boqor Osman
181: /
9195:Categories
9157:Antarctica
9010:Bangladesh
8964:Somaliland
8953:Seychelles
8948:Mozambique
8938:Madagascar
8799:(Portugal)
8757:Somaliland
8677:Seychelles
8642:Mozambique
8627:Mauritania
8612:Madagascar
8567:The Gambia
8502:Cape Verde
8375:(Portugal)
8333:Somaliland
8253:Seychelles
8218:Mozambique
8203:Mauritania
8188:Madagascar
8143:The Gambia
8078:Cape Verde
7785:Somaliland
7689:Seychelles
7654:Mozambique
7639:Mauritania
7624:Madagascar
7579:The Gambia
7513:Cape Verde
7359:Literature
7222:(currency)
7126:Parliament
7082:Government
7018:Somaliland
6950:Lower Juba
6851:Buur Dhaab
6829:Iskushuban
6824:Waterfalls
6700:Rebellion
6682:Ogaden War
6605:Chronology
6346:Literature
6259:Parliament
5992:1 February
5928:. FMSCAN.
5234:1 February
5208:1 February
5147:"PPSACCIG"
4960:6 November
4927:6 November
4815:23 October
4747:unicef.org
4689:1 February
4644:1 February
4615:1 February
4589:1 February
4524:1 February
4498:1 February
4468:1 February
4442:1 February
4315:Refugees.
4290:WorldAtlas
4231:7 December
4198:1 February
4172:1 February
4052:mareeg.com
3972:3 December
3942:3 December
3495:ISS Africa
3294:0812278321
3223:0844407755
3101:1598742078
3081:0380797208
3061:1858281881
3005:31 January
2870:References
2590:Oil blocks
2561:NationLink
2545:fixed line
2531:, Puntland
2527:branch in
2324:Somaliland
2221:incidence
2200:Somaliland
2192:Somaliland
2141:Somaliland
2122:gum arabic
1968:Las Khorey
1771:(NFE) and
1538:Somaliland
1029:Districts
704:Somaliland
588:musketeers
440:Somaliland
413:autonomous
300:Puntlander
282:Population
204:Government
9180:Australia
9120:Sri Lanka
9115:Singapore
9050:Indonesia
8943:Mauritius
8632:Mauritius
8208:Mauritius
7796:Dependent
7644:Mauritius
7384:Languages
7289:Education
7220:Shilling
7195:Companies
7136:President
7099:Judiciary
7072:Elections
6920:Galguduud
6858:Mountains
6846:Cal Madow
6778:Geography
6713:Civil War
6612:Laas Geel
6467:Education
6341:Languages
6264:President
6244:Elections
6208:Ras Hafun
6176:Geography
6152:Civil War
6147:Rebellion
6018:28 August
5329:cite book
5068:2 October
4563:2 January
4380:145703040
4372:0305-6244
4142:2 October
4062:8 January
4032:8 January
4002:8 January
3992:Raxanreeb
3932:Puntlandi
2670:satellite
2525:Amal Bank
2391:Mogadishu
2204:Mogadishu
2196:Mogadishu
2110:livestock
1907:Transport
1845:Buuhoodle
1645:Education
1574:semi-arid
1526:Cal Madow
1512:Geography
1218:Gardafuul
1049:Buuhoodle
1026:Capitals
1020:Puntland
819:livestock
770:president
723:over the
717:Majeerten
594:in 1878.
480:11° north
468:Ras Hafun
411:), is an
377:أرض البنط
344:(Somalia)
306:Time zone
290:4,334,633
224:President
9231:Autonomy
9201:Puntland
9125:Thailand
9100:Pakistan
9085:Maldives
9080:Malaysia
8980:Tanzania
8897:Djibouti
8823: /
8819: /
8812:(France)
8806: /
8784: /
8780: /
8732:Zimbabwe
8707:Tanzania
8557:Ethiopia
8552:Eswatini
8532:Djibouti
8497:Cameroon
8482:Botswana
8399: /
8395: /
8388:(France)
8382: /
8360: /
8356: /
8308:Zimbabwe
8283:Tanzania
8133:Ethiopia
8128:Eswatini
8108:Djibouti
8073:Cameroon
8058:Botswana
7974:Category
7892:Portugal
7744:Zimbabwe
7719:Tanzania
7569:Ethiopia
7564:Eswatini
7543:Djibouti
7508:Cameroon
7493:Botswana
7406:Category
7374:Religion
7311:Polygamy
7284:Diaspora
7116:Military
7046:Politics
7023:Puntland
7013:Jubaland
6998:Galmudug
6975:Togdheer
6905:Banaadir
6834:Lamadaya
6804:Wildlife
6750:Military
6745:Maritime
6738:By topic
6589:articles
6521:Agencies
6391:Category
6363:Religion
6356:diaspora
6254:Military
6227:Politics
6090:Puntland
6045:Archived
6012:Archived
5960:Archived
5956:Datanyze
5930:Archived
5895:22 March
5889:Archived
5869:22 March
5837:Archived
5811:Archived
5790:Archived
5771:Archived
5747:Archived
5658:18 April
5632:29 April
5545:Archived
5506:Archived
5468:Archived
5429:Archived
5391:Archived
5360:Archived
5313:Archived
5309:48893001
5258:Archived
5182:25 April
5130:Archived
5111:Archived
5089:Archived
4954:Archived
4921:Archived
4894:Archived
4870:Archived
4844:Archived
4809:Archived
4781:Archived
4751:Archived
4709:Archived
4662:Archived
4557:Archived
4410:Archived
4384:Archived
4325:Archived
4321:Refworld
4294:Archived
4264:Archived
4136:Archived
4116:Archived
4087:Archived
3800:19 April
3738:Archived
3655:Archived
3548:Archived
3505:2 August
3499:Archived
3446:Archived
3424:19 April
3322:Archived
3187:Archived
3156:Archived
3121:Archived
3117:TVC News
3028:Archived
2970:Archived
2934:Archived
2910:cite web
2891:Archived
2788:See also
2776:Football
2258:Puntland
2237:Poverty
2228:Poverty
2219:Poverty
2029:Military
1979:Djibouti
1921:Las Anod
1853:Galdogob
1841:Las Anod
1765:Galdogob
1753:Las Anod
1562:Al Madow
1550:Ethiopia
1435:Galdogob
1372:137,667
1333:164,906
1253:Galmudug
1244:region.
1242:Togdheer
1169:Las Anod
1023:Regions
772:and the
758:Politics
754:"Adde".
585:Hadhrami
460:Ethiopia
456:Galmudug
435:period.
369:Puntland
361:Puntland
53:Puntland
9090:Myanmar
9005:Bahrain
8958:Somalia
8925:Réunion
8918:Mayotte
8907:Eritrea
8892:Comoros
8808:Réunion
8804:Mayotte
8795:Madeira
8790:(Spain)
8786:Melilla
8717:Tunisia
8687:Somalia
8672:Senegal
8657:Nigeria
8647:Namibia
8637:Morocco
8602:Liberia
8597:Lesotho
8547:Eritrea
8517:Comoros
8492:Burundi
8467:Algeria
8384:Réunion
8380:Mayotte
8371:Madeira
8366:(Spain)
8362:Melilla
8293:Tunisia
8263:Somalia
8248:Senegal
8233:Nigeria
8223:Namibia
8213:Morocco
8178:Liberia
8173:Lesotho
8123:Eritrea
8093:Comoros
8068:Burundi
8043:Algeria
7951:Socotra
7930:Melilla
7899:Madeira
7862:Réunion
7857:Mayotte
7729:Tunisia
7699:Somalia
7684:Senegal
7669:Nigeria
7659:Namibia
7649:Morocco
7614:Liberia
7609:Lesotho
7559:Eritrea
7528:Comoros
7503:Burundi
7478:Algeria
7354:Cuisine
7331:Culture
7252:Society
7233:Tourism
7173:Economy
7062:Cabinet
7003:Khatumo
6887:Regions
6799:Climate
6597:History
6585:Somalia
6488:Justice
6473:Finance
6382:Outline
6326:Cuisine
6309:Culture
6295:Economy
6278:Economy
6198:Regions
6099:History
5843:17 July
5817:17 July
5743:The Age
5722:14 July
5690:14 July
4850:22 June
4715:20 June
4300:30 June
4270:30 June
4093:2 April
3661:29 July
3635:29 July
3609:29 July
3583:29 July
3557:6 April
3356:15 June
3162:2 April
3037:31 July
2979:31 July
2940:28 June
2860:Somalia
2726:Galkayo
2529:Galkayo
2453:1,318.4
2432:Somalia
2188:Somalia
2181:Boosaso
2169:Galkayo
2153:Galkayo
2149:Berbera
2137:Berbera
2100:Economy
1960:seaport
1925:Galkayo
1893:Mayors
1861:Galkayo
1761:Erigavo
1717:Galkayo
1568:Climate
1558:Galgala
1534:Somalia
1462:44,109
1444:40,433
1426:55,300
1408:56,825
1390:70,991
1381:Garoowe
1363:Galkayo
1343:Garoowe
1316:Galkayo
1236:out of
1234:Haylaan
1226:Karkaar
1196:Maakhir
1124:Galkayo
1104:Haylaan
1074:Karkaar
1006:Regions
933:Horseed
864:-based
813:in the
709:kinship
700:Somalis
681:Garoowe
542:Bargaal
505:History
472:Karkaar
423:in the
421:Garoowe
381:Italian
296:Demonym
213:Unitary
194:Capital
169:48°29′E
39:Putland
9075:Kuwait
9070:Jordan
9065:Israel
8912:France
8885:Africa
8827:
8810:
8797:
8727:Zambia
8722:Uganda
8662:Rwanda
8617:Malawi
8577:Guinea
8472:Angola
8403:
8386:
8373:
8303:Zambia
8298:Uganda
8238:Rwanda
8193:Malawi
8153:Guinea
8048:Angola
7850:France
7807:France
7739:Zambia
7734:Uganda
7674:Rwanda
7629:Malawi
7589:Guinea
7483:Angola
7462:Africa
7416:Portal
7379:Sports
7349:Cinema
7294:Health
7264:Anthem
6990:States
6935:Sanaag
6900:Bakool
6870:Island
6863:Bahaya
6794:Cities
6755:Postal
6708:Piracy
6587:
6539:PSAWEN
6479:Health
6396:Portal
6351:People
6321:Anthem
5498:
5460:
5421:
5307:
5297:
5264:1 July
4950:Sabahi
4917:Sabahi
4876:10 May
4787:7 July
4757:7 July
4549:
4416:7 July
4390:7 July
4378:
4370:
4331:7 July
4256:
4213:UNDP.
3472:
3347:
3292:
3246:19 May
3221:
3099:
3079:
3059:
2900:30 May
2765:Sports
2716:Somali
2712:London
2704:Bosaso
2700:Badhan
2666:Somali
2662:London
2658:Garowe
2630:Garowe
2602:Nugaal
2557:Telcom
2505:214.6
2488:627.5
2476:Rural
2471:476.3
2459:Urban
2368:Rural
2363:179.7
2351:Urban
2301:Rural
2284:Urban
2243:Total
2177:Garowe
2173:Qardho
2161:Garowe
2157:Qardho
2145:Bosaso
2090:piracy
1991:Jeddah
1929:Qardho
1917:Garowe
1913:Bosaso
1857:Garowe
1849:Badhan
1833:Bosaso
1818:Somali
1814:nomads
1801:Bosaso
1747:, and
1745:Sanaag
1741:Badhan
1729:Qardho
1721:Bosaso
1713:Garowe
1691:campus
1689:Bosaso
1598:Nugaal
1594:Sanaag
1560:, and
1440:Nugaal
1399:Qardho
1386:Nugaal
1353:Qardho
1324:Bosaso
1306:Bosaso
1288:Region
1265:
1262:
1238:Sanaag
1222:Aluula
1207:Sanaag
1154:Badhan
1149:Sanaag
1139:Garowe
1109:Dhahar
1094:Aluula
1079:Qardho
1064:Bosaso
963:Bosaso
942:Horcad
862:budget
729:Sanaag
685:Issims
546:Bosaso
530:Aluula
476:Bosaso
405:Arabic
397:Somali
373:Arabic
365:Somali
198:Garowe
166:8°24′N
83:Arabic
79:
68:Somali
64:
9149:Other
9140:Yemen
9105:Qatar
9045:India
8975:Sudan
8933:Kenya
8902:Egypt
8782:Ceuta
8702:Sudan
8652:Niger
8607:Libya
8592:Kenya
8572:Ghana
8562:Gabon
8537:Egypt
8477:Benin
8358:Ceuta
8278:Sudan
8228:Niger
8183:Libya
8168:Kenya
8148:Ghana
8138:Gabon
8113:Egypt
8053:Benin
7944:Yemen
7925:Ceuta
7913:Spain
7871:Italy
7714:Sudan
7664:Niger
7619:Libya
7604:Kenya
7584:Ghana
7574:Gabon
7548:Egypt
7488:Benin
7369:Music
7364:Media
7321:Women
6960:Nugal
6955:Mudug
6940:Hiran
6895:Awdal
6819:Hafun
6530:PASWE
6112:Opone
5716:(PDF)
5709:(PDF)
5684:(PDF)
5677:(PDF)
5548:(PDF)
5537:(PDF)
5363:(PDF)
5352:(PDF)
5254:UNSOM
4842:(4).
4376:S2CID
4225:(PDF)
4218:(PDF)
3551:(PDF)
3540:(PDF)
3418:(PDF)
3411:(PDF)
3391:(PDF)
3384:(PDF)
3053:Egypt
3031:(PDF)
3024:(PDF)
2973:(PDF)
2966:(PDF)
2894:(PDF)
2887:(PDF)
2842:Notes
2708:Dubai
2640:Media
2622:CCECC
2553:Netco
2502:22.2
2499:36.5
2496:70.5
2482:19.7
2479:52.5
2465:17.1
2462:45.0
2412:163.5
2380:50.1
2377:11.4
2374:24.2
2371:61.1
2357:18.2
2354:47.9
2345:229.8
2307:10.1
2296:40.4
2118:myrrh
1999:Umrah
1987:Dubai
1875:Islam
1837:Gardo
1826:Mehri
1822:Darod
1632:Xagaa
1620:Jilal
1609:wells
1586:Mudug
1522:camel
1453:Waiye
1368:Mudug
1292:Pop.
1279:Rank
1134:Nugal
1119:Mudug
884:ulema
827:Dubai
713:Harti
599:Italy
577:Yemen
566:Hafun
550:Hafun
538:Alula
425:Nugal
332:UTC+3
311:UTC+3
9095:Oman
9060:Iraq
9055:Iran
8998:Asia
8712:Togo
8622:Mali
8512:Chad
8288:Togo
8198:Mali
8088:Chad
7724:Togo
7634:Mali
7523:Chad
7306:Flag
7153:List
7141:List
7108:Xeer
7104:Law
6930:Sool
6925:Gedo
6910:Bari
6542:PPMA
6336:Flag
6117:Damo
6020:2023
5994:2015
5968:2021
5938:2013
5897:2015
5871:2015
5845:2017
5819:2017
5755:2009
5724:2012
5692:2012
5660:2015
5634:2013
5604:2007
5578:2012
5514:2021
5496:ISBN
5476:2021
5458:ISBN
5437:2021
5419:ISBN
5399:2021
5371:2021
5335:link
5321:2020
5305:OCLC
5295:ISBN
5266:2021
5236:2015
5210:2015
5184:2012
5070:2013
5040:2012
4992:2012
4962:2012
4929:2012
4878:2015
4852:2013
4817:2016
4789:2021
4759:2021
4717:2013
4691:2015
4646:2015
4617:2015
4591:2015
4565:2022
4547:ISBN
4526:2015
4500:2015
4470:2015
4444:2015
4418:2021
4392:2021
4368:ISSN
4333:2021
4302:2021
4272:2021
4254:ISBN
4233:2021
4200:2015
4174:2015
4144:2013
4111:at:
4095:2024
4064:2019
4034:2014
4004:2014
3974:2013
3944:2013
3914:2023
3892:2012
3862:2012
3832:2012
3802:2012
3772:2010
3746:2010
3720:2010
3689:2010
3663:2010
3637:2010
3611:2010
3585:2010
3559:2023
3507:2020
3470:ISBN
3426:2019
3358:2017
3345:ISBN
3290:ISBN
3248:2019
3219:ISBN
3195:2024
3164:2024
3129:2024
3097:ISBN
3077:ISBN
3057:ISBN
3039:2023
3007:2019
2981:2023
2942:2021
2916:link
2902:2017
2710:and
2628:and
2604:and
2559:and
2547:and
2485:9.1
2468:8.4
2448:11.5
2443:21.7
2438:51.4
2407:11.9
2402:23.8
2397:57.0
2360:8.9
2335:19.2
2330:50.0
2313:8.8
2310:4.1
2293:3.4
2290:7.5
2278:49.2
2263:27.2
2245:gap
2230:gap
2179:and
2159:and
2128:and
2084:The
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