31:
43:
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generation, the horned progeny being discarded. Thus originated what was later known as the single-standard strain. As in the case of the Polled
Shorthorns and Polled Herefords, the development of the single-standard strain was soon followed by the appearance of a double-standard strain, founded by a few naturally hornless
296:
sometime prior to 1895. Two strains were developed, the first to appear being founded by crosses of registered Jersey bulls (the standard) on common muley (hornless) cows. These were graded up by the continued use of purebred Jersey sires, selection being made of the polled offspring of each
224:) from that responsible for polling. However, the presence of the allele for scurs in cattle can only be seen in a polled animal, because horns replace the scurs in horned animals. Similar scurs may also occur where disbudding of a naturally horned animal has been incomplete.
506:
Carlson, Daniel F.; Lancto, Cheryl A.; Zang, Bin; Kim, Eui-Soo; Walton, Mark; Oldeschulte, David; Seabury, Christopher; Sonstegard, Tad S.; Fahrenkrug, Scott C. (6 May 2016). "Production of hornless dairy cattle from genome-edited cell lines".
301:
that were discovered in registered herds of horned Jersey cattle. These standards were bred among themselves or crossed with registered horned
Jerseys, followed by selection for the polled head, and the strain was developed in this way.
272: inch. Boer Goat Shows allow disbudded goats. Dairy breeds of goats are required to be naturally hornless or disbudded. 4H and FFA show goats must be hornless or blunted so as not to be sharp and dangerous.
236:
for a variety of reasons, the foremost being that horns can pose a physical danger to humans, other livestock and equipment. Horns may also interfere with equipment used with livestock (such as a
817:
280:
Polled strains have been developed of many cattle breeds which were originally horned. This has usually been done by crossing with naturally polled breeds, most commonly
194:
186:
for horns in both sexes is partially dominant to the allele for being polled in both sexes, and both of these are dominant to that for polling in the female only.
724:
836:
97:, by contrast, both sexes may be horned, both polled, or only the females polled. The history of breeding polled livestock starts about 6000 years BC.
593:
Simon, R.; Lischer, H. E. L.; Pieńkowska-Schelling, A.; Keller, I.; Häfliger, I. M.; Letko, A.; Schelling, C.; Lühken, G.; Drögemüller, C. (2020).
760:
255:, to provide a hand-hold on smaller animals such as sheep, or for aesthetic reasons – in some breeds the retention of horns is required for
332:
262:
In the US no show requires horns to be left on. Most shows require at a minimum blunting of the horns to a minimum diameter of
549:
375:
216:– small, loose, horny growths in the skin where their horns would be. In cattle, this trait has been traced to a separate
735:
17:
595:"New genomic features of the polled intersex syndrome variant in goats unraveled by long-read whole-genome sequencing"
684:
832:
463:(3). Tuscaloosa, Ala.: Published by the University of Alabama Press for the American Dialect Society: 232–233.
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In other circumstances, horned animals may be preferred, for example, to help the animal defend itself against
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673:
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327:
171:
to that for horns. The polled trait is far more common in beef breeds than in dairy breeds.
337:
710:
697:
Long, C. R. (1978). "Inheritance of the horned, scurred, and polled condition in cattle".
8:
342:
312:
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McAtee, Waldo Lee (October 1954). Greet, William Cabell (ed.). "1.Muley - a synonymy".
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544:, T H Clutton-Brock and J M Pemberton (eds), Cambridge University Press (2004),
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technology is being developed to create polled versions of dairy breeds.
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is sometimes used to refer to hornless livestock (especially cattle) in
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30:
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Ramadan, R.O.; Hassan, A.M. El (1988). "Intersexuality in goats".
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Storey's
Illustrated Breed Guide to Sheep, Goats, Cattle and Pigs
42:
298:
233:
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is discouraged as the polled locus is strongly associated with
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429:(Online ed.). Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster. 2010.
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in species which are normally horned. The term refers to both
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Soay Sheep: Dynamics and
Selection in an Island Population
93:, and in these animals it affects both sexes equally; in
82:
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The Water
Buffalo. Animal Production and Health Series 4
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672:. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. (quoted in
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and also to naturally horned animals that have been
734:. 29 April 2014. rev 0429142. Archived from
875:
275:
240:), or they may become damaged during handling.
573:Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA)
69:and strains that are naturally polled through
796:"Goat District Rules, Regulations, and Shows"
633:
555:Horn Phenotypes and Genotypes in Soay Sheep
393:"The history of breeding for polled cattle"
333:List of domestic Asian water buffalo breeds
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189:The development of true breeding polled
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29:
678:, 1991, p 246, Elsevier Health Sciences
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232:Polled livestock are preferred by many
14:
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454:
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227:
711:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108980
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133:cattle breed. "Muley" derives from
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247:, to allow the attachment of head
212:Naturally polled animals may have
25:
895:
129:, and in the name of the polled
853:
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717:
690:
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636:New Zealand Veterinary Journal
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586:
569:"Polled/Horns in Capra hircus"
561:
558:, Saltmarsh Ranch Soay Sheep).
535:
499:
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384:
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100:
13:
1:
668:Caldwell, HS (Editor), 1977.
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276:Development of polled strains
725:"ABGA Sanctioned Show Rules"
409:10.1016/j.livsci.2015.05.017
288:cattle. For example, polled
77:. Natural polling occurs in
7:
648:10.1080/00480169.1988.35505
305:
204:also have genital defects.
154:
10:
900:
818:"Meat Goat Division Rules"
806:Department of Agriculture.
770:. May 2015. Archived from
825:www.extension.iastate.edu
676:Cattle genetic resources
552:: Appendix 2 (quoted in
207:
195:Polled Intersex Syndrome
362:Ekarius, Carol (2008).
38:ewe is naturally polled
833:Extension and Outreach
761:"2014–2015 Show Rules"
427:Merriam-Webster online
391:Swalve, H. H. (2015).
51:
39:
865:www.polledjerseys.com
829:Iowa State University
328:List of cattle breeds
45:
33:
674:Charles G. Hickman,
509:Nature Biotechnology
338:List of sheep breeds
861:"polledjerseys.com"
699:Journal of Heredity
343:List of goat breeds
313:Livestock dehorning
228:Reasons for polling
71:selective breeding
52:
40:
27:Hornless livestock
18:Polled (livestock)
612:10.1111/age.12918
550:978-0-521-82300-5
397:Livestock Science
377:978-1-60342-036-5
368:Storey Publishing
200:Naturally polled
16:(Redirected from
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835:. Archived from
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131:Irish Moiled
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251:to draught
101:Terminology
846:2018-03-26
781:2018-03-26
350:References
318:Castration
222:chromosome
123:folk tales
119:folk songs
884:Livestock
800:kyagr.com
477:0003-1283
403:: 54–70.
245:predators
75:disbudded
59:livestock
878:Category
804:Kentucky
768:adga.org
745:26 March
732:adga.org
656:16031465
621:32060960
529:27153274
440:14 March
435:44475779
306:See also
286:Galloway
169:dominant
155:Genetics
61:without
48:Red Poll
36:Shetland
493:1480854
423:"Muley"
323:Docking
267:⁄
257:showing
234:farmers
197:(PIS).
107:archaic
50:bullock
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485:454257
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475:
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299:sports
184:allele
182:, the
173:CRISPR
165:allele
161:cattle
144:, and
127:poetry
125:, and
115:mulley
89:, and
79:cattle
67:breeds
840:(PDF)
821:(PDF)
775:(PDF)
764:(PDF)
739:(PDF)
728:(PDF)
481:JSTOR
282:Angus
249:yokes
214:scurs
208:Scurs
191:goats
180:sheep
146:Welsh
135:Irish
111:muley
109:term
95:sheep
91:goats
63:horns
34:This
747:2018
681:ISBN
652:PMID
617:PMID
580:2021
546:ISBN
525:PMID
489:OCLC
473:ISSN
442:2010
431:OCLC
372:ISBN
294:Ohio
284:and
253:oxen
218:gene
149:moel
142:maol
137:and
105:The
83:yaks
57:are
707:doi
644:doi
607:doi
517:doi
465:doi
405:doi
401:179
178:In
159:In
113:or
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