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Kennedy meets with march leaders. Left to Right – Willard Wirtz, Matthew Ahmann, Martin Luther King Jr., John Lewis, Rabbi
Joachin Prinz, Eugene Carson Blake, A. Philip Randolph, President John F. Kennedy, Vice President Lyndon Johnson, Walter Reuther, Whitney Young, Floyd McKissick, Roy Wilkins (not
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2001:. Several nights after the encounter, Bryant's husband Roy and his half-brother J. W. Milam, who were armed, went to Till's great-uncle's house and abducted Till, age 14. They beat and mutilated him before shooting him in the head and sinking his body in the
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region. Till spoke to 21-year-old
Carolyn Bryant, the white, married proprietor of a local grocery store. Although what happened at the store is a matter of dispute, Till was accused of flirting with, touching, or
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Because of the successes of its early years, SNCC is credited with breaking down barriers, both institutional and psychological, to the empowerment of
African-American communities. (
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restored and protected voting rights by authorizing federal oversight of registration and elections in areas with historic under-representation of minority voters. The
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in the South. Over the following century, various efforts were made by
African Americans to secure their legal and civil rights, such as the civil rights movements of
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woman, Carolyn Bryant, in her family's grocery store. The brutality of his murder and the acquittal of his killers drew attention to the long history of violent
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at Bryant. Till's interaction with Bryant, perhaps unwittingly, violated the unwritten code of behavior for a black male interacting with a white female in the
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By the mid-1960s the measured nature of the gains made, and the violence with which they were resisted, were generating dissent from the group's principles of
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during the late 19th century and had its modern roots in the 1940s. After years of direct actions and grassroots protests, the movement made its largest
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struck down the underpinnings of laws that had allowed racial segregation and discrimination to be legal in the United States as unconstitutional. The
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Rosa Parks being fingerprinted by Deputy
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to achieve the passage of several significant pieces of federal legislation that authorized oversight and enforcement of civil rights laws. The
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During the Civil Rights March on
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Additional image of Civil Rights protestors executing a sit-in at a
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Fannie Lou Hamer founded
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Leaders of the March on
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Rosa Parks being fingerprinted by Deputy
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in Alabama also worked to increase the pressure on federal and state government to enforce constitutional protections.
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Till was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois. During summer vacation in August 1955, he was visiting relatives near
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explicitly banned all discrimination based on race, including racial segregation in schools, businesses, and in
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2005:. Three days later, Till's mutilated and bloated body was discovered and retrieved from the river. (
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Juvenile African-American convicts working in the fields in a chain gang, photo taken c. 1903 (from
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A diagram showing where Rosa Parks sat in the unreserved section at the time of her arrest (from
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African American women participate in Civil Rights protest in Tallahassee, Florida, 1963 (from
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Close up of some leaders of the March on Washington walking along Constitution Avenue. (from
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Poster from Office of War Information. Domestic Operations Branch. News Bureau, 1943 (from
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The following are images from various civil rights movement-related articles on Knowledge.
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prevalent in the Southern states. In the 1960s, moderates in the movement worked with the
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Leaders arrived late and linked arms in front of marchers on Constitution Avenue. (from
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50th Anniversary of the Civil Rights March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (from
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and to federally-funded anti-poverty programs. Following an aborted merger with the
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made a series of landmark rulings against racist discrimination, including the
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Leaders of the march in front of the statue of Abraham Lincoln: (sitting L-R)
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of schools in the United States was a plot devised in Moscow to "mongrelize"
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was the first black college student to be murdered for participating in the
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was the first African-American woman to be elected mayor in the state of
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Joseph S. Clark's and Robert F. Kennedy's tour of the Mississippi Delta
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granted emancipation and constitutional rights of citizenship to all
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traveling exhibition "381 Days: The Montgomery Bus Boycott" at the
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in the United States. Till posthumously became an icon of the
403:. The rulings played a crucial role in bringing an end to the
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Knowledge portal for content related to Civil rights movement
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was a social movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the
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following highly publicized events such as the lynching of
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Strom Thurmond filibuster of the Civil Rights Act of 1957
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Bishop Henry McNeal Turner, AME leader in Georgia. (from
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Strom Thurmond filibuster of the Civil Rights Act of 1957
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banned discrimination in the sale or rental of housing. (
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during the 1960s. Emerging in 1960 from the student-led
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User:Mitchumch/Movement templates#Civil Rights Movement
4537:
Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
4315:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"
1638:
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom program (from
593:(SCLC), and others were being lost to a de-segregating
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African American founding fathers of the United States
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Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement
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John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights
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Tagging all relevant articles with project template.
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Monuments and memorials of the civil rights movement
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in the country. The movement had its origins in the
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Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument
1684:"A Man Was Lynched Yesterday" flag, hanging at the
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African-American women in the civil rights movement
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African-American women in the civil rights movement
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African-American women in the civil rights movement
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African-American women in the civil rights movement
1112:(1856–1915) is seated, second from the left. (from
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African-American women in the civil rights movement
271:. The social movement's span of time is called the
163:
2316:, the store closed its counter to prevent further
476:
1534:Kathleen Cleaver delivering a speech, 1971 (from
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3145:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
2191:
1007:First Colored Senator and Representatives: Sen.
259:campaigns eventually secured new protections in
251:gains in the 1960s. The social movement's major
3135:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
3068:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights
2954:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
1743:on the 50th anniversary, August 28, 2013 (from
5599:sister projects provide more on this subject:
5323:WikiProject Civil Rights Movement participants
5181:People involved with the civil rights movement
4614:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument
5562:Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple bombing
4815:
4522:List of lynching victims in the United States
2855:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
2367:
750:Report to the American People on Civil Rights
386:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
1365:performing at the March on Washington (from
193:
5556:(image of actual strike) •
2989:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
1965:in 1955 after being accused of offending a
775:Florida Legislative Investigation Committee
735:Amendments to the Voting Rights Act of 1965
401:all state laws banning interracial marriage
399:and public accommodations, and struck down
208:participants and leaders marching from the
179:participants and leaders marching from the
5364:Here are some tasks awaiting attention:
5309:WikiProject Civil Rights Movement articles
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3038:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership
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2360:
715:Woman's club movement in the United States
306:, and African Americans were subjected to
5526:Youth March for Integrated Schools (1959)
5522:Youth March for Integrated Schools (1958)
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4594:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument
1953:(July 25, 1941 – August 28, 1955) was an
645:Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner
505:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
467:Refresh with new selections below (purge)
5214:Civil rights movement in popular culture
4629:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
2664:University of Georgia desegregation riot
1746:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
1715:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
1641:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
1595:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
1560:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
1464:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
1368:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
1289:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
1239:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
1205:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
1138:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
1061:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
987:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
881:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
858:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
591:Southern Christian Leadership Conference
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5574:Mansfield school desegregation incident
5389:(North Carolina) (currently a redirect)
4543:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
4280:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"
4275:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"
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1933:
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145:update the maintenance information here
14:
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5544:(image of wade-ins) •
4457:African-American women in the movement
2904:White House Conference on Civil Rights
2735:"Segregation now, segregation forever"
1484:Black people in Memphis under attack,
1135:Vocalists Peter, Paul, and Mary (from
5536:(image of bombing) •
5203:Works about the civil rights movement
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2893:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
2355:
2146:John Warren Davis (college president)
795:Passage of Martin Luther King Jr. Day
601:in 1968, SNCC effectively dissolved.
566:. From 1962, with the support of the
5088:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore
4666:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument
3130:Regional Council of Negro Leadership
3078:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
3024:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights
2496:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company
2421:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore
1557:Leaders gather for a portrait (from
576:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
322:. The movement was characterized by
103:
5258:Civil rights movement organizations
5225:Events of the civil rights movement
3073:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
3009:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
2674:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address
580:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
24:
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5534:16th Street Baptist Church bombing
5148:
4841:Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)
4517:African-American churches attacked
3083:Montgomery Improvement Association
3058:Georgia Council on Human Relations
3043:Council of Federated Organizations
3014:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
2767:16th Street Baptist Church bombing
2725:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot
2531:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom
2435:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
2209:
1764:
1312:voting in New Orleans, 1867 (from
650:16th Street Baptist Church bombing
354:, a series of protests during the
139:when editing, especially if using
25:
6053:
5467:Cambridge movement (civil rights)
5375:All redlinked articles listed at
5298:WikiProject Civil Rights Movement
4589:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
4462:Jews in the civil rights movement
1911:WikiProject Civil Rights Movement
1691:Civil rights movement (1896–1954)
1491:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
1441:Civil rights movement (1896–1954)
1315:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
1115:Civil rights movement (1896–1954)
1038:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
957:Civil rights movement (1896–1954)
934:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
827:
455:Civil rights movement (1896–1954)
448:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
5451:And the Walls Came Tumbling Down
5355:
5143:
5121:Civil rights movement portal
5114:
4788:Civil rights movement portal
4781:
4624:Freedom Riders National Monument
4366:The Kingdom of God Is Within You
2967:1968 Olympics Black Power salute
2873:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches
2832:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
2719:Second Emancipation Proclamation
2326:a white supremacist organization
2304:with hundreds of activists at a
2236:
1971:persecution of African Americans
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815:1968 Olympics Black Power salute
770:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
685:Women's poll tax repeal movement
550:at segregated lunch counters in
514:
395:(1967) which banned segregation
165:The civil rights movement portal
107:
5341:
4651:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum
4639:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
3115:National Council of Negro Women
3053:Deacons for Defense and Justice
2256:... that civil rights activist
1903:
906:Washington State History Museum
800:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
5269:Civil rights movement protests
2526:Mansfield school desegregation
1957:teenager who was abducted and
1106:National Negro Business League
690:The Autobiography of Malcolm X
13:
1:
5518:Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom
5286:Select to view subcategories
5247:Civil rights movement museums
5158:Select to view subcategories
4661:National Voting Rights Museum
4604:Civil Rights Movement Archive
4403:Lynching in the United States
4290:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"
2740:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
2713:University of Chicago sit-ins
2480:Davis v. Prince Edward County
2287:, US for standing up against
131:by an editor, and are needed.
6032:Civil Rights Movement portal
5316:Civil Rights Movement portal
4656:National Civil Rights Museum
4512:March on Washington Movement
4497:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
2961:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
2131:James Bradley (former slave)
2020:List of selected biographies
18:Portal:Civil Rights Movement
7:
5276:Civil rights movement stubs
4300:"This Little Light of Mine"
3048:Dallas County Voters League
2994:Atlanta Negro Voters League
2752:Letter from Birmingham Jail
2459:Brown v. Board of Education
2279:was brutally beaten at the
1735:John Lewis speaking in the
1104:Executive Committee of the
780:Southern Poverty Law Center
675:Brown v. Board of Education
640:Selma to Montgomery marches
562:and political exclusion of
380:Brown v. Board of Education
375:separate but equal doctrine
10:
6058:
5640:Free textbooks and manuals
5423:, and upgrade to GA status
4671:Olympic Black Power Statue
4634:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
4502:Holt Street Baptist Church
4472:16th Street Baptist Church
3456:Annie Bell Robinson Devine
3100:Nashville Student Movement
3030:An Appeal for Human Rights
785:16th Street Baptist Church
552:Greensboro, North Carolina
310:and sustained violence by
292:United States Constitution
141:automated editing software
116:Portal maintenance status:
5770:Discover Knowledge using
5554:Memphis sanitation strike
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4101:Modjeska Monteith Simkins
3173:
3165:Women's Political Council
3160:Wednesdays in Mississippi
3155:United Auto Workers (UAW)
3140:Southern Regional Council
3110:Northern Student Movement
3019:Committee for Freedom Now
2979:
2921:Memphis sanitation strike
2887:Voting Rights Act of 1965
2809:
2630:Savannah Protest Movement
2592:
2450:
2411:Journey of Reconciliation
2403:
2390:
2345:
1921:WikiProject United States
670:Voting Rights Act of 1965
619:List of selected articles
574:. Affiliates such as the
424:Voting Rights Act of 1965
302:, often under the racist
288:Reconstruction Amendments
160:
5760:Dictionary and thesaurus
5700:Collection of quotations
5578:Bloody Monday (Danville)
2999:Atlanta Student Movement
2943:Civil Rights Act of 1968
2868:1964–1965 Scripto strike
2849:Civil Rights Act of 1964
2747:1963 Birmingham campaign
2640:Civil Rights Act of 1960
2564:Civil Rights Act of 1957
2300:led an anti-segregation
1916:WikiProject Human rights
1108:, c. 1910. NNBL founder
765:Freedom Farm Cooperative
655:Civil Rights Act of 1964
428:Fair Housing Act of 1968
416:Civil Rights Act of 1964
5566:Baton Rouge bus boycott
5546:Tallahassee bus boycott
5530:Birmingham riot of 1963
5397:Delano Herman Middleton
4987:Delano Herman Middleton
4551:Voter Education Project
4305:"We Shall Not Be Moved"
3966:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
3401:Josephine Dobbs Clement
2822:Chester school protests
2817:Twenty-fourth Amendment
2779:Detroit Walk to Freedom
2521:Tallahassee bus boycott
2442:Baton Rouge bus boycott
2086:Septima Poinsette Clark
1390:New York Public Library
902:Smithsonian Institution
568:Voter Education Project
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5404:(currently a redirect)
5399:(currently a redirect)
5394:(currently a redirect)
5192:Martin Luther King Jr.
5154:
4957:Martin Luther King Jr.
4769:Movement photographers
4006:Bernice Johnson Reagon
3726:Martin Luther King Sr.
3721:Martin Luther King Jr.
3291:William Holmes Borders
3063:Highlander Folk School
2948:Poor People's Campaign
2801:St. Augustine movement
2651:Gomillion v. Lightfoot
2574:Katz Drug Store sit-in
2545:Royal Ice Cream sit-in
2507:Montgomery bus boycott
2214:
2031:Martin Luther King Jr.
1395:Montgomery bus boycott
1338:Montgomery bus boycott
1262:Montgomery bus boycott
1172:Martin Luther King Jr.
978:Martin Luther King Jr.
911:Montgomery bus boycott
810:A Change Is Gonna Come
499:
412:United States Congress
340:Montgomery bus boycott
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6042:United States portals
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5620:Free media repository
5609:
5550:Tent City (Tennessee)
5538:Bloody Tuesday (1964)
5170:Civil rights movement
5152:
5108:Civil Rights Movement
5094:Mississippi Cold Case
4831:Civil Rights Memorial
4599:Civil Rights Memorial
4487:Bethel Baptist Church
4136:Charles Kenzie Steele
3581:Audrey Faye Hendricks
3486:Myrlie Evers-Williams
3466:Patricia Stephens Due
3436:Abraham Lincoln Davis
3371:Colia Lafayette Clark
3125:Operation Breadbasket
3120:National Urban League
2862:Katzenbach v. McClung
2730:Atlanta's Berlin Wall
2383:Civil rights movement
2251:civil rights movement
2213:
2141:Samuel Wilbert Tucker
1975:civil rights movement
1930:Selected biography -
705:Atlanta's Berlin Wall
695:The Dream (sculpture)
544:civil rights movement
498:
420:public accommodations
253:nonviolent resistance
231:to abolish legalized
224:civil rights movement
197:
174:
5720:Free-content library
5597:Wikimedia Foundation
5590:Associated Wikimedia
4917:Roman Ducksworth Jr.
4887:Johnnie Mae Chappell
4644:other King memorials
4619:Freedom Rides Museum
4556:1960s counterculture
4507:Edmund Pettus Bridge
4186:Walter Francis White
4091:Alexander D. Shimkin
2600:New Year's Day March
2569:Ministers' Manifesto
2416:Executive Order 9981
2121:Walter Francis White
1488:, 26 May 1866 (from
1110:Booker T. Washington
556:Nashville, Tennessee
284:abolition of slavery
5990:WikiProject Portals
5792:List of all portals
5740:Free learning tools
5660:Free knowledge base
5576: •
5572: •
5570:Orangeburg massacre
5568: •
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5426:Black Arts Movement
5407:Henry Ezekial Smith
5402:Charles Eddie Moore
5387:Greensboro movement
5379:need to be created.
5348:Edit the tasks list
5037:Henry Ezekial Smith
5007:Mack Charles Parker
5002:William Lewis Moore
4992:Charles Eddie Moore
4982:Carol Denise McNair
4382:Mary McLeod Bethune
4343:Sermon on the Mount
4310:"We Shall Overcome"
3891:William Lewis Moore
3671:Frank Minis Johnson
3646:Richie Jean Jackson
3601:Donald L. Hollowell
3406:Charles E. Cobb Jr.
3211:Gwendolyn Armstrong
3206:William G. Anderson
3186:Victoria Gray Adams
3150:The Freedom Singers
3004:Black Panther Party
2784:March on Washington
2697:Garner v. Louisiana
2658:Boynton v. Virginia
2151:Mary McLeod Bethune
1741:Library of Congress
1686:Library of Congress
1192:Eugene Carson Blake
1035:(R-SC), 1872 (from
725:Mississippi Burning
680:Birmingham campaign
599:Black Panther Party
477:Selected article -
360:Selma to Montgomery
358:, and a march from
356:Birmingham campaign
282:and the subsequent
210:Washington Monument
206:March on Washington
181:Washington Monument
177:March on Washington
143:. Learn how to
6003:Purge server cache
5985:
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5900:Mathematics portal
5895:
5877:
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5841:
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5671:
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5514:March Against Fear
5504: •
5392:Henry Hezekiah Dee
5155:
4947:Jimmie Lee Jackson
4942:Samuel Hammond Jr.
4912:Henry Hezekiah Dee
4704:Michael Eric Dyson
4584:In popular culture
4467:Fifth Circuit Four
4451:Loving v. Virginia
4444:Hernandez v. Texas
4423:Buchanan v. Warley
4415:Separate but equal
4409:Plessy v. Ferguson
4372:Frederick Douglass
4206:Robert F. Williams
4116:Kelly Miller Smith
4096:Fred Shuttlesworth
4021:Frederick D. Reese
4001:George Raymond Jr.
3991:A. Philip Randolph
3971:Fay Bellamy Powell
3886:Queen Mother Moore
3771:Z. Alexander Looby
3716:Coretta Scott King
3661:Barbara Rose Johns
3641:Jimmie Lee Jackson
3566:William E. Harbour
3346:Stokely Carmichael
3261:Randolph Blackwell
2926:King assassination
2915:Loving v. Virginia
2899:March Against Fear
2879:How Long, Not Long
2757:Children's Crusade
2708:Cambridge movement
2645:Ax Handle Saturday
2610:Greensboro sit-ins
2537:Give Us the Ballot
2331:racial integration
2323:... that in 1955,
2289:racial segregation
2215:
2091:Charlotte L. Brown
2081:Frederick Douglass
2071:Coretta Scott King
2003:Tallahatchie River
1982:Money, Mississippi
1168:A. Philip Randolph
1164:Cleveland Robinson
755:Citizens' Councils
745:Plessy v. Ferguson
740:Greensboro sit-ins
500:
392:Loving v. Virginia
328:civil disobedience
326:mass protests and
312:White supremacists
286:in the 1860s, the
280:American Civil War
257:civil disobedience
245:Reconstruction era
241:disenfranchisement
233:racial segregation
199:
188:
6015:
6014:
6004:
5954:Technology portal
5680:Free-content news
5586:
5585:
5558:Americus movement
5498:Gloria Richardson
5287:
5159:
5130:
5129:
5067:Ben Chester White
5057:Virgil Lamar Ware
5032:Michael Schwerner
4897:Addie Mae Collins
4795:
4794:
4567:Eyes on the Prize
4482:A.G. Gaston Motel
4477:Kelly Ingram Park
4437:Sweatt v. Painter
4121:Mary Louise Smith
4081:Cleveland Sellers
4066:Michael Schwerner
4031:Gloria Richardson
3811:Thurgood Marshall
3731:Bernard Lafayette
3461:John Wesley Dobbs
2975:
2974:
2689:Birmingham attack
2669:Rock Hill sit-ins
2620:Sibley Commission
2615:Nashville sit-ins
2487:Gebhart v. Belton
2473:Briggs v. Elliott
2466:Bolling v. Sharpe
2427:Sweatt v. Painter
2202:
2192:Selected image -
2179:
2178:
2136:Elizabeth Eckford
1986:Mississippi Delta
1950:Emmett Louis Till
1940:
1804:Freedom of speech
1580:Charlton Heston,
1178:; (standing L-R)
1033:Robert B. Elliott
837:
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710:Nashville sit-ins
564:African Americans
487:
397:in public schools
334:. These included
296:African Americans
152:
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129:have been checked
121:
16:(Redirected from
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5494:J. Charles Jones
5490:Milton Galamison
5472:Browder v. Gayle
5384:(North Carolina)
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4749:Charles M. Payne
4734:Steven F. Lawson
4724:David Halberstam
4694:Clayborne Carson
4430:Hocutt v. Wilson
4377:W. E. B. Du Bois
4226:Sammy Younge Jr.
4211:Q. V. Williamson
4176:Wyatt Tee Walker
4041:Bernice Robinson
3986:Lincoln Ragsdale
3976:Rodney N. Powell
3871:Douglas E. Moore
3746:Sanford R. Leigh
3681:J. Charles Jones
3556:Fannie Lou Hamer
3471:Joseph Ellwanger
3431:Jonathan Daniels
3421:Claudette Colvin
3411:Annie Lee Cooper
3396:Kathleen Cleaver
3391:Eldridge Cleaver
3366:Shirley Chisholm
3256:Gloria Blackwell
2842:workers' murders
2789:"I Have a Dream"
2684:Anniston bombing
2635:Greenville Eight
2550:Little Rock Nine
2513:Browder v. Gayle
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2297:J. Charles Jones
2281:orders of police
2276:Fannie Lou Hamer
2246:Sammy Younge Jr.
2232:
2222:More pictures...
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2066:W. E. B. Du Bois
2036:Fannie Lou Hamer
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660:Little Rock Nine
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4527:Freedom Schools
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4252:Omaha, Nebraska
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4156:Hartman Turnbow
4146:Dorothy Tillman
4106:Glenn E. Smiley
4086:Charles Sherrod
4046:Jo Ann Robinson
3921:Charles Neblett
3911:Elijah Muhammad
3876:Harriette Moore
3836:Floyd McKissick
3821:Franklin McCain
3756:Stanley Levison
3621:T. R. M. Howard
3571:Vincent Harding
3501:Walter Fauntroy
3386:Xernona Clayton
3336:John H. Calhoun
3321:Aurelia Browder
3311:Stanley Branche
3306:Raylawni Branch
3286:Joseph E. Boone
3271:Ezell Blair Jr.
3266:Unita Blackwell
3241:Harry Belafonte
3181:Ralph Abernathy
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3105:Nation of Islam
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2762:Birmingham riot
2703:Albany Movement
2625:Atlanta sit-ins
2605:Sit-in movement
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2584:Biloxi wade-ins
2556:Cooper v. Aaron
2446:
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2335:White Americans
2294:... that after
2259:Unita Blackwell
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4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4689:Taylor Branch
4687:
4686:
4684:
4678:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4544:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4532:Freedom songs
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4398:Jim Crow laws
4396:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4295:"Oh, Freedom"
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4221:Whitney Young
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4201:Kale Williams
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4161:Albert Turner
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4151:A. P. Tureaud
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4056:Bayard Rustin
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:William Moyer
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3841:Joseph McNeil
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3826:Charles McDew
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:Benjamin Mays
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3801:Vivian Malone
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3776:Joseph Lowery
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3701:Clyde Kennard
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3691:Vernon Jordan
3689:
3687:
3686:Matthew Jones
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3651:T. J. Jemison
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3636:Jesse Jackson
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3526:Robert Graetz
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3516:Golden Frinks
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3476:Charles Evers
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3426:Vernon Dahmer
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3381:Septima Clark
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3301:Bruce Boynton
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3226:James Baldwin
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:Mathew Ahmann
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3093:Youth Council
3091:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2978:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2679:Freedom Rides
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:Prior to 1954
2402:
2399:
2396:
2389:
2384:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2314:Charlotte, NC
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2237:Did you know?
2233:
2224:
2223:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2188:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2116:Bayard Rustin
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2101:Whitney Young
2099:
2097:
2096:Jesse Jackson
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1942:
1938:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1889:
1888:United States
1879:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1807:
1805:
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1793:
1783:
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1771:
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1761:
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1716:
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1697:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1586:Marlon Brando
1583:
1582:James Baldwin
1571:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:Joachim Prinz
1181:
1180:Mathew Ahmann
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:Whitney Young
1149:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1029:Joseph Rainey
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1011:(R-MS), Rep.
1010:
998:
993:
989:
988:
983:
979:
968:
963:
959:
958:
945:
940:
936:
935:
922:
917:
913:
912:
907:
903:
892:
887:
883:
882:
869:
864:
860:
859:
846:
841:
840:
836:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
635:Jim Crow laws
633:
631:
628:
627:
625:
624:
616:
615:
611:
609:
608:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:
532:
512:, pronounced
511:
507:
506:
497:
489:
485:
470:
468:
457:
456:
452:
450:
449:
445:
444:
443:
442:
437:
435:
434:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
408:Jim Crow laws
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:
388:
387:
382:
381:
376:
372:
368:
367:Supreme Court
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:Jim Crow laws
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:United States
226:
225:
215:
211:
207:
196:
186:
182:
178:
173:
159:
146:
142:
138:
130:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
110:
106:
105:
97:
96:Random portal
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
52:
49:
47:
44:
42:
39:
37:
34:
32:
31:Portal topics
29:
28:
19:
6008:
6000:
5999:
5769:
5594:
5482:
5481:
5470:
5463:(Halberstam)
5461:The Children
5460:
5456:Medgar Evers
5449:
5442:
5441:
5431:
5430:
5413:
5412:
5368:
5367:
5342:Things to do
5120:
5112:
5092:
4977:Viola Liuzzo
4937:Paul Guihard
4927:Medgar Evers
4892:James Chaney
4839:
4787:
4779:
4719:David Garrow
4699:John Dittmer
4565:
4492:Brown Chapel
4449:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4407:
4364:
4216:Andrew Young
4171:A. T. Walden
4166:C. T. Vivian
4126:Maxine Smith
3961:Homer Plessy
3941:James Orange
3896:Irene Morgan
3851:William Ming
3831:Ralph McGill
3766:Viola Liuzzo
3751:Jim Letherer
3736:James Lawson
3666:Vernon Johns
3656:Esau Jenkins
3611:Myles Horton
3561:Fred Hampton
3551:Prathia Hall
3541:Dick Gregory
3511:Marie Foster
3506:James Forman
3496:James Farmer
3481:Medgar Evers
3441:Angela Davis
3376:Ramsey Clark
3356:James Chaney
3351:Johnnie Carr
3331:Ralph Bunche
3326:H. Rap Brown
3316:Ruby Bridges
3276:Joanne Bland
3251:Claude Black
3231:Marion Barry
3201:Muhammad Ali
3028:
2959:
2952:
2913:
2891:
2860:
2853:
2695:
2656:
2649:
2579:Kissing Case
2554:
2511:
2494:
2485:
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2126:Viola Liuzzo
2051:Fred Hampton
2006:
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6027:All portals
5736:Wikiversity
5433:Collaborate
5047:Emmett Till
5042:Lamar Smith
5012:Lemuel Penn
4997:Oneal Moore
4972:Herbert Lee
4872:Louis Allen
4739:Doug McAdam
4709:Chuck Fager
4331:Nonviolence
4236:James Zwerg
4231:Bob Zellner
4191:Roy Wilkins
4141:Hank Thomas
4076:Pete Seeger
4071:Bobby Seale
3936:Jack O'Dell
3931:Edgar Nixon
3861:Amzie Moore
3856:Jack Minnis
3796:Mae Mallory
3781:Clara Luper
3741:Bernard Lee
3631:Cecil Ivory
3626:Ruby Hurley
3596:Oliver Hill
3591:Aaron Henry
3491:Chuck Fager
3451:Dave Dennis
3341:Guy Carawan
3281:Julian Bond
3246:James Bevel
3236:Daisy Bates
2502:Emmett Till
2385:(1954–1968)
2318:integration
2285:Mississippi
2264:Mississippi
1963:Mississippi
1284:Ossie Davis
1176:Roy Wilkins
587:nonviolence
560:segregation
332:Emmett Till
261:federal law
249:legislative
120:(June 2018)
61:Mathematics
6021:Categories
5756:Wiktionary
5716:Wikisource
5421:Rosa Parks
5017:James Reeb
4682:historians
4358:Satyagraha
4324:Influences
4016:James Reeb
3951:James Peck
3946:Rosa Parks
3916:Diane Nash
3786:Danny Lyon
3761:John Lewis
3706:A. D. King
3606:James Hood
3221:Ella Baker
3191:Zev Aelony
2076:John Lewis
2041:Rosa Parks
1816:Journalism
1737:Great Hall
1188:John Lewis
572:Deep South
377:, such as
348:Greensboro
324:nonviolent
278:After the
91:Technology
76:Philosophy
36:Activities
5696:Wikiquote
5636:Wikibooks
4336:Padayatra
4285:"Kumbaya"
4245:By region
3901:Bob Moses
3806:Bob Mants
3791:Malcolm X
3711:C.B. King
3531:Fred Gray
3174:Activists
2810:1964–1968
2593:1960–1963
2451:1954–1959
2310:Woolworth
2269:... that
2243:... that
2171:Sam Cooke
2061:Malcolm X
1991:whistling
1984:, in the
1363:Bob Dylan
1359:Joan Baez
441:See also:
352:Nashville
320:1896–1954
316:1865–1896
269:Americans
204:The 1963
175:The 1963
137:take care
46:Geography
5676:Wikinews
5656:Wikidata
5487: :
5447: :
5436: :
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4856:Maya Lin
4849:Designer
4266:Movement
3696:Tom Kahn
2980:Activist
2395:timeline
2156:Tom Kahn
1995:Jim Crow
1864:Religion
1852:Politics
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1392:) (from
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1310:Freedmen
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1101:Image 10
1027:(R-GA),
1023:(R-FL),
1019:(R-SC),
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578:and the
383:(1954),
336:boycotts
263:for the
126:subpages
81:Religion
5772:portals
5616:Commons
5415:Cleanup
5081:Related
4865:Martyrs
4391:Related
3981:Al Raby
2931:funeral
2794:Big Six
2306:counter
2273:leader
1959:lynched
1876:Society
1739:of the
1078:Image 9
1055:Image 8
1004:Image 7
974:Image 6
951:Image 5
928:Image 4
898:Image 3
875:Image 2
852:Image 1
548:sit-ins
344:sit-ins
290:to the
267:of all
212:to the
183:to the
135:Please
86:Society
56:History
41:Culture
5444:Expand
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4577:Legacy
4353:Ahimsa
2982:groups
2438:(1950)
2430:(1950)
2391:Events
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2302:sit-in
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239:, and
71:People
66:Nature
51:Health
5484:Photo
4680:Noted
4268:songs
3088:NAACP
2936:riots
2308:in a
1999:South
1997:-era
1967:white
1792:1960s
1780:1950s
805:NAACP
346:" in
5336:edit
5138:edit
2231:edit
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1898:edit
1759:edit
1361:and
1232:and
1031:and
538:SNIK
510:SNCC
502:The
350:and
318:and
255:and
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2283:in
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1828:Law
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