27:
2020:
1936:"Freedom differs from liberty as control differs from discipline. Liberty, like discipline, is linked to institutions and political parties, whether liberal or libertarian; freedom is not. Although freedom can work for or against institutions, it is not bound to them—it travels through unofficial networks. To have liberty is to be liberated from something; to be free is to be self-determining, autonomous. Freedom can or cannot exist within a state of liberty: one can be liberated yet
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1866:, for example, differentiated liberty from freedom in that freedom is primarily, if not exclusively, the ability to do as one wills and what one has the power to do, whereas liberty concerns the absence of arbitrary restraints and takes into account the rights of all involved. As such, the exercise of liberty is subject to capability and limited by the rights of others.
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and there is conflict between people who think all races, religions, genders, and social classes should be equally free and people who think freedom is the exclusive right of certain groups. Frequently discussed are
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are used interchangeably. This is confusing because these two do not mean the same, and in fact what Berlin calls "the notion of 'negative' freedom" has become largely incorporated in the word
1251:
1972:
as a defining aspect of freedom. While, operative control is the ability to direct ones actions on a day-to-day basis, that freedom can depend on the whim of another, also known as
1915:"Liberty is linked to human subjectivity; freedom is not. The Declaration of Independence, for example, describes men as having liberty and the nation as being free. Free will—
1742:
In one definition, something is "free" if it can change and is not constrained in its present state. Physicists and chemists use the word in this sense. In its origin, the
2164:
2285:
in its earlier meaning was much closer to the Latin libertas and in its current meaning reflects a different concept, which is a product of the Anglo-Saxon culture".
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Sometimes the terms "freedom" and "liberty" tend to be used interchangeably. Sometimes subtle distinctions are made between "freedom" and "liberty"
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is the power or right to limits others speech, decisions and change as one wants without hindrance or restraint. Freedom is often associated with
2542:
1040:
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2306:(derived from Sanskrit) meant dear and described all those close or related to the head of the family (hence friends). Conversely in Latin,
2298:(2008), p. 9: "Although used interchangeably, freedom and liberty have significantly different etymologies and histories. According to the
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2314:), meaning literally the free members of the household. Those who are one's friends are free; those who are not are slaves".
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2329:(4th ed.). London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer. pp. 21–22 Archived 17 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
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2257:(2011), p. 1447: "Throughout this entry, incidentally, the terms freedom and liberty are used interchangeably".
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is often associated with liberty and autonomy, and a distinction is made between countries that are free and
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2459:. The Norton global ethics series (First ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 2–3, 221.
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made a distinction between "positive" freedom and "negative" freedom in his seminal 1958 lecture
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is the ability to fulfill one's purposes. Another way to describe negative liberty is freedom
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Wendy Hui Kyong Chun explains these differences in terms of their relation to institutions:
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denoted the legal state of freedom versus enslavement and was later extended to children (
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argues that both operative and reserve control are needed for democracy and freedom.
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1904:), but descriptions of freedom and liberty generally do not invoke having liberty
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2416:"Republicanism, Freedom from Domination, and the Cambridge Contextual Historians"
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Baumeister, Roy F.; Monroe, Andrew E. (2014). "Recent
Research on Free Will".
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means an ability to do what one wants, without external obstacles and
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2273:(1997), pp. 130–131: "Unfortunately... the English words freedom and
2005:
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The digital republic: on freedom and democracy in the 21st century
2402:
Control and
Freedom: Power and Paranoia in the Age of Fiber Optics
2296:
Control and
Freedom: Power and Paranoia in the Age of Fiber Optics
4377:
4290:
3178:
3146:
3136:
2907:
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2700:
2625:
2610:
2345:
Philosophical Papers: Volume 2, Philosophy and the Human
Sciences
2274:
1838:
1732:
717:
323:
3126:
2927:
2715:
2690:
2680:
2650:
2635:
1917:
the quality of being free from the control of fate or necessity
387:
3156:
2645:
2580:
2137:
Stevenson, Angus; Lindberg, Christine A., eds. (2010-01-01).
1746:
word "freedom" relates etymologically to the word "friend".
3151:
2575:
2090:, 1889 statue on the dome of the Georgia State Capitol (US)
2720:
2615:
2253:
Bertrand Badie, Dirk Berg-Schlosser, Leonardo
Morlino,
2116:, a term coined by political philosopher and economist
1987:
1919:—may first have been attributed to human will, but
1837:, a strong distinction is made between freedom and
1775:nations, freedom is considered a right, especially
1016:
Alliance of
Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
2188:
1948:that freedom arose from the yearnings of slaves)."
2456:Just freedom: a moral compass for a complex world
2136:
1946:Freedom: Freedom in the Making of Western Culture
1739:in the sense of "giving oneself one's own laws".
4415:
2486:(1st ed.). New York London: Pegasus Books.
2255:International Encyclopedia of Political Science
2187:
2342:(1985). "What's Wrong With Negative Liberty".
2271:Understanding Cultures Through Their Key Words
1944:yet enslaved (Orlando Patterson has argued in
2536:
1709:
1041:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
1011:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
3042:
2265:
2263:
2978:
23:Ability to act or change without constraint
2543:
2529:
2413:
2223:Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
1952:
1716:
1702:
2260:
1046:International Federation of Liberal Youth
2550:
2479:
25:
4126:Reflections on the Revolution in France
2396:
2394:
1026:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
4416:
2452:
2414:Springborg, Patricia (December 2001).
2338:
2183:
2181:
1857:
2524:
2366:from the original on 28 February 2023
2391:
2209:participating institution membership
2151:10.1093/acref/9780195392883.001.0001
4236:The End of History and the Last Man
4146:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
2178:
1066:Liberal South East European Network
13:
2231:10.1016/B978-0-12-800284-1.00001-1
14:
4450:
2504:
2480:Susskind, Jamie (2022). "Ch. 2".
1756:sometimes associate freedom with
1056:Liberal Network for Latin America
489:(contributions to liberal theory)
4434:Concepts in political philosophy
4206:The Open Society and Its Enemies
2139:"New Oxford American Dictionary"
2018:
2004:
1990:
1683:
1671:
70:
35:, a series of 1943 paintings by
3013:Family as a model for the state
2473:
2446:
2407:
2167:from the original on 2020-03-12
2082:atop the dome of the US Capitol
4363:Separation of church and state
4261:Collectivism and individualism
4216:The Origins of Totalitarianism
2378:
2332:
2317:
2288:
2244:
2215:
2130:
430:Separation of church and state
1:
4439:Concepts in social philosophy
4403:Category:Political philosophy
4276:Critique of political economy
2123:
4301:Institutional discrimination
4296:History of political thought
3028:Negative and positive rights
7:
4311:Justification for the state
4096:Two Treatises of Government
1983:
1902:freedom from discrimination
10:
4455:
2981:Bellum omnium contra omnes
2350:Cambridge University Press
2323:Mill, John Stuart. 1869.
2107:Freedom & Civilization
1794:
15:
4398:
4248:
4017:
3665:
3398:
3278:
3197:
3109:
3100:
2966:
2800:
2729:
2558:
2300:Oxford English Dictionary
2196:Oxford English Dictionary
1892:limiting forces (such as
1874:"Two concepts of liberty"
1854:, and freedom of speech.
1653:Sexually liberal feminism
1560:Bias in American academia
1031:European Democratic Party
487:List of liberal theorists
4186:The Revolt of the Masses
2036:– civil-rights activists
1825:In political discourse,
1790:
312:Labor theory of property
18:Freedom (disambiguation)
4166:The Communist Manifesto
3092:Tyranny of the majority
3003:Consent of the governed
2453:Pettit, Philip (2014).
2432:10.1111/1467-9248.00344
2201:Oxford University Press
2078:, an 1863 sculpture by
1958:Freedom from domination
1953:Freedom from domination
1021:Arab Liberal Federation
211:Consent of the governed
3043:
2993:Clash of civilizations
2979:
2400:Wendy Hui Kyong Chun,
2386:Four Essays on Liberty
2294:Wendy Hui Kyong Chun,
1950:
1933:
1848:freedom of association
1036:European Liberal Youth
1006:Africa Liberal Network
231:Economic globalization
48:
3008:Divine right of kings
2225:. Vol. 50. pp. 1–52.
2026:Libertarianism portal
1934:
1913:
1678:Liberalism portal
1550:Anti-authoritarianism
1051:Liberal International
41:Franklin D. Roosevelt
29:
4156:Democracy in America
3535:political philosophy
3518:political philosophy
3333:political philosophy
3162:political philosophy
3072:Separation of powers
3033:Night-watchman state
3018:Monopoly on violence
2552:Political philosophy
2352:. pp. 211–229.
2118:Phillippe Van Parijs
1805:Intellectual freedom
1785:freedom of the press
482:Age of Enlightenment
435:Separation of powers
16:For other uses, see
4346:Right-wing politics
4226:A Theory of Justice
4196:The Road to Serfdom
4116:The Social Contract
2823:Christian democracy
2281:, whereas the word
2199:(Online ed.).
1923:attributes freedom—
1858:Freedom and Liberty
1844:freedom of assembly
1781:freedom of religion
1760:, as distinct from
1690:Politics portal
393:Civil and political
366:Popular sovereignty
226:Economic liberalism
4358:Political violence
4353:Political theology
4336:Left-wing politics
4331:Political spectrum
2302:, the Old English
2045:Freedom of thought
1976:Phillip Petit and
1960:was considered by
1925:degrees of freedom
1809:Scientific freedom
361:Permissive society
341:Limited government
49:
4411:
4410:
4321:Philosophy of law
4266:Conflict theories
4106:The Spirit of Law
4013:
4012:
3062:Original position
2493:978-1-64313-901-2
2466:978-0-393-06397-4
2420:Political Studies
2269:Anna Wierzbicka,
2207:(Subscription or
2160:978-0-19-539288-3
2102:in Columbus, Ohio
2098:, 1985 statue by
2075:Statue of Freedom
2012:Liberalism portal
1970:John P. McCormick
1921:Newtonian physics
1898:freedom from want
1894:freedom from fear
1852:freedom of choice
1833:. In the area of
1827:political freedom
1817:Political freedom
1777:freedom of speech
1726:
1725:
1565:Bias in the media
1081:Regional variants
398:Natural and legal
4446:
4326:Political ethics
4316:Machiavellianism
4256:Authoritarianism
4241:
4231:
4221:
4211:
4201:
4191:
4181:
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4161:
4151:
4141:
4131:
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4111:
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4071:
4061:
4051:
4041:
4031:
3107:
3106:
3048:
2984:
2974:Balance of power
2948:Social democracy
2943:Social Darwinism
2918:Multiculturalism
2863:Environmentalism
2838:Communitarianism
2545:
2538:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2498:
2497:
2477:
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2470:
2450:
2444:
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2411:
2405:
2398:
2389:
2384:Berlin, Isaiah.
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2173:
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2143:Oxford Reference
2134:
2062:Internet freedom
2028:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2000:
1998:Anarchism portal
1995:
1994:
1993:
1974:reserve control.
1886:positive liberty
1882:negative liberty
1880:elaborates that
1864:John Stuart Mill
1813:Economic freedom
1801:Artistic freedom
1797:Academic freedom
1718:
1711:
1704:
1688:
1687:
1676:
1675:
1594:Economic freedom
1587:Radical centrism
425:Secular humanism
351:Natural monopoly
302:Internationalism
119:Internationalist
74:
51:
50:
4454:
4453:
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4448:
4447:
4445:
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4424:Social concepts
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4407:
4394:
4383:Totalitarianism
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4056:Treatise on Law
4049:
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3667:
3661:
3400:
3394:
3280:
3274:
3193:
3096:
3082:State of nature
3077:Social contract
3057:Ordered liberty
3045:Noblesse oblige
2962:
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2340:Taylor, Charles
2337:
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2168:
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2135:
2131:
2126:
2080:Thomas Crawford
2024:
2019:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1966:Quentin Skinner
1955:
1860:
1823:
1821:Civil liberties
1795:Main articles:
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1339:North Macedonia
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1073:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1061:Liberal parties
999:
991:
990:
781:
773:
772:
503:
493:
492:
477:
467:
466:
462:State of nature
450:Social services
440:Social contract
403:To own property
206:
198:
197:
82:
37:Norman Rockwell
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
4452:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4373:Social justice
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4281:Egalitarianism
4278:
4273:
4271:Contractualism
4268:
4263:
4258:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4232:
4222:
4212:
4202:
4192:
4182:
4172:
4162:
4152:
4142:
4132:
4122:
4112:
4102:
4092:
4082:
4072:
4062:
4052:
4042:
4032:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Overton window
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2898:Libertarianism
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2798:
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2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2517:, 4 July 2002)
2506:
2505:External links
2503:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2472:
2465:
2445:
2426:(5): 851–876.
2406:
2390:
2377:
2359:978-0521317498
2358:
2331:
2316:
2287:
2259:
2243:
2239:978-0128002841
2214:
2177:
2159:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2111:
2103:
2091:
2083:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2057:Harm principle
2054:
2053:
2052:
2042:
2037:
2034:Freedom Riders
2030:
2029:
2015:
2001:
1985:
1982:
1978:Jamie Susskind
1962:Phillip Pettit
1954:
1951:
1878:Charles Taylor
1859:
1856:
1792:
1789:
1766:predestination
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1698:
1695:
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1692:
1680:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:Utilitarianism
1655:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1631:Libertarianism
1628:
1626:Land value tax
1623:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1599:Egalitarianism
1596:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1555:Anti-communism
1552:
1546:
1544:Related topics
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1500:
1498:Arizona School
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1466:United Kingdom
1463:
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1418:
1413:
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670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
593:Wollstonecraft
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
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498:
495:
494:
491:
490:
484:
478:
473:
472:
469:
468:
465:
464:
459:
458:
457:
452:
445:Social justice
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
411:
410:
405:
400:
395:
385:
384:
383:
378:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
346:Market economy
343:
338:
337:
336:
331:
321:
314:
309:
307:Invisible hand
304:
299:
297:Harm principle
294:
293:
292:
287:
282:
277:
276:
275:
270:
255:
250:
249:
248:
243:
233:
228:
223:
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213:
207:
204:
203:
200:
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195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
174:
173:
168:
163:
162:
161:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
110:
109:
99:
94:
89:
83:
80:
79:
76:
75:
67:
66:
60:
59:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4451:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4347:
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4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4306:Jurisprudence
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
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4264:
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4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4238:
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4233:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4138:
4137:
4136:Rights of Man
4133:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4098:
4097:
4093:
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4083:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4058:
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4053:
4048:
4047:
4046:De re publica
4043:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4006:
4003:
4001:
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3996:
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3991:
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3968:
3966:
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3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
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3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3666:20th and 21st
3664:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
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3474:
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3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
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3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3399:18th and 19th
3397:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:Nizam al-Mulk
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2938:Republicanism
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
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2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
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2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
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2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2495:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2476:
2468:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2404:(2008), p. 9.
2403:
2397:
2395:
2387:
2381:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2351:
2348:. Cambridge:
2347:
2346:
2341:
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2328:
2327:
2320:
2313:
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2256:
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2202:
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2041:
2040:Freedom songs
2038:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
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1931:—to objects."
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1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1870:Isaiah Berlin
1867:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1849:
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1836:
1832:
1831:dictatorships
1828:
1822:
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1616:
1615:
1614:Individualism
1612:
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1493:United States
1491:
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1119:
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1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:Latin America
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
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1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
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1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
998:Organizations
995:
994:
987:
984:
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979:
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964:
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502:
497:
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488:
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480:
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476:
471:
470:
463:
460:
456:
455:Welfare state
453:
451:
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446:
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441:
438:
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431:
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352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
325:
322:
320:
319:
318:Laissez-faire
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
274:
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108:
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100:
98:
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90:
88:
85:
84:
78:
77:
73:
69:
68:
65:
62:
61:
57:
53:
52:
46:
45:Four Freedoms
42:
38:
34:
33:
32:Four Freedoms
28:
19:
4387:
4286:Elite theory
4234:
4224:
4214:
4204:
4194:
4184:
4174:
4164:
4154:
4144:
4134:
4124:
4114:
4104:
4094:
4084:
4074:
4064:
4054:
4044:
4034:
4024:
3323:Guicciardini
3279:Early modern
3102:Philosophers
3052:Open society
2988:Body politic
2858:Distributism
2848:Conservatism
2843:Confucianism
2762:Gerontocracy
2752:Dictatorship
2706:Sovereignty‎
2696:Ruling class
2590:
2586:Emancipation
2571:Citizenship‎
2514:
2482:
2475:
2455:
2448:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2401:
2385:
2380:
2368:. Retrieved
2344:
2334:
2324:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2222:
2217:
2194:
2169:. Retrieved
2142:
2132:
2114:Real Freedom
2105:
2100:Alfred Tibor
2094:
2087:Miss Freedom
2085:
2073:
2067:
2066:
1973:
1957:
1956:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1889:
1868:
1861:
1835:civil rights
1824:
1770:
1748:
1741:
1728:
1727:
1648:Pirate Party
1508:Jeffersonian
1416:South Africa
906:Lloyd George
501:Philosophers
408:To bear arms
356:Open society
316:
257:
92:Conservative
30:
4160:(1835–1840)
4040:(c. 350 BC)
4030:(c. 375 BC)
3647:Tocqueville
3612:Saint-Simon
3577:Montesquieu
3428:Bolingbroke
3360:Machiavelli
3240:Ibn Khaldun
3205:Alpharabius
3198:Middle Ages
3023:Natural law
2998:Common good
2923:Nationalism
2883:Imperialism
2853:Corporatism
2828:Colonialism
2808:Agrarianism
2787:Technocracy
2767:Meritocracy
2747:Bureaucracy
2737:Aristocracy
2515:In Our Time
2370:28 February
2050:Freethought
1929:free bodies
1762:determinism
1476:Gladstonian
1436:Switzerland
1421:South Korea
1364:Philippines
1324:New Zealand
1319:Netherlands
976:Verhofstadt
971:Balcerowicz
780:Politicians
708:Collingwood
648:Tocqueville
523:Montesquieu
415:Rule of law
216:Due process
4418:Categories
4368:Separatism
4176:On Liberty
4076:The Prince
3805:Huntington
3308:Campanella
3235:al-Ghazali
3184:Thucydides
3142:Lactantius
3087:Statolatry
2913:Monarchism
2893:Liberalism
2818:Capitalism
2801:Ideologies
2782:Plutocracy
2730:Government
2686:Revolution
2671:Propaganda
2621:Legitimacy
2596:Government
2326:On Liberty
2211:required.)
2171:2023-06-02
2124:References
1908:anything.
1771:In modern
1750:Philosophy
1604:Empiricism
1575:Democratic
1570:Capitalism
1481:Manchester
1314:Montenegro
1299:Luxembourg
1235:Venizelism
1165:Costa Rica
420:Secularism
253:Federalism
205:Principles
64:Liberalism
4086:Leviathan
4066:Monarchia
4060:(c. 1274)
3895:Oakeshott
3840:Mansfield
3835:Luxemburg
3820:Kropotkin
3715:Bernstein
3668:centuries
3582:Nietzsche
3525:Jefferson
3453:Condorcet
3401:centuries
3380:Pufendorf
3245:Marsilius
3132:Confucius
3117:Aristotle
3110:Antiquity
3038:Noble lie
2958:Third Way
2953:Socialism
2878:Feudalism
2833:Communism
2813:Anarchism
2792:Theocracy
2777:Oligarchy
2757:Democracy
2742:Autocracy
2656:Pluralism
2641:Obedience
2606:Hierarchy
2566:Authority
2511:"Freedom"
2440:0032-3217
1758:free will
1619:Anarchist
1527:Venezuela
1503:Classical
1471:Cobdenism
1374:Cracovian
1329:Nicaragua
1294:Lithuania
1153:Hong Kong
1108:Australia
946:Roosevelt
916:StĂĄhlberg
911:Venizelos
866:Sarmiento
856:Gladstone
816:Lamartine
786:Jefferson
638:Martineau
588:De Gouges
573:Condorcet
558:Priestley
221:Democracy
193:Third Way
154:Christian
149:Religious
87:Classical
39:honoring
4341:Centrism
4036:Politics
4026:Republic
3995:Voegelin
3975:Spengler
3960:Shariati
3935:Rothbard
3890:Nussbaum
3790:Habermas
3765:Fukuyama
3755:Foucault
3680:Ambedkar
3657:Voltaire
3627:de Staël
3602:Rousseau
3483:Franklin
3458:Constant
3418:Beccaria
3250:Muhammad
3230:Gelasius
3215:Averroes
3189:Xenophon
3169:Polybius
3122:Chanakya
2967:Concepts
2933:Populism
2903:Localism
2888:Islamism
2873:Feminism
2772:Monarchy
2676:Property
2666:Progress
2631:Monopoly
2601:Hegemony
2364:Archived
2308:libertas
2165:Archived
1984:See also
1754:religion
1737:autonomy
1609:Humanism
1582:Centrism
1532:Zimbabwe
1486:Whiggism
1446:Thailand
1411:Slovenia
1406:Slovakia
1381:Portugal
1354:Paraguay
1277:Liberism
1242:Honduras
1160:Colombia
1133:Bulgaria
926:Rathenau
901:Milyukov
821:Macaulay
791:Kołłątaj
763:Kymlicka
743:Friedman
688:Cassirer
678:Hobhouse
613:Constant
608:Humboldt
568:Beccaria
533:Rousseau
528:Voltaire
371:Property
334:Positive
329:Negative
285:Religion
263:Economic
236:Equality
159:Catholic
129:National
124:Muscular
102:Feminist
97:Cultural
56:a series
54:Part of
4378:Statism
4291:Elitism
4249:Related
4050:(51 BC)
3980:Strauss
3955:Scruton
3950:Schmitt
3940:Russell
3860:Michels
3855:Maurras
3850:Marcuse
3810:Kautsky
3780:Gramsci
3775:Gentile
3745:Dworkin
3735:Du Bois
3730:Dmowski
3725:Chomsky
3720:Burnham
3705:Benoist
3675:Agamben
3642:Thoreau
3632:Stirner
3622:Spencer
3567:Mazzini
3557:Maistre
3552:Madison
3547:Le Play
3478:Fourier
3443:Carlyle
3423:Bentham
3413:Bastiat
3408:Bakunin
3385:Spinoza
3375:MĂĽntzer
3345:Leibniz
3318:Grotius
3298:Bossuet
3265:Plethon
3210:Aquinas
3179:Sun Tzu
3147:Mencius
3137:Han Fei
2908:Marxism
2868:Fascism
2701:Society
2626:Liberty
2611:Justice
2591:Freedom
2388:. 1969.
2283:liberty
2279:freedom
2275:liberty
2095:Freedom
1938:unfree,
1839:slavery
1773:liberal
1744:English
1733:liberty
1729:Freedom
1522:Uruguay
1461:Ukraine
1451:Tunisia
1396:Senegal
1386:Romania
1334:Nigeria
1309:Moldova
1252:Iceland
1247:Hungary
1225:Germany
1220:Georgia
1210:Finland
1205:Estonia
1195:Ecuador
1190:Denmark
1185:Czechia
1170:Croatia
1123:Bolivia
1118:Belgium
1113:Austria
1103:Armenia
1098:Albania
966:Jenkins
961:Kennedy
951:Pearson
936:Einaudi
921:Gokhale
881:Itagaki
876:Naoroji
871:Mommsen
851:Lincoln
841:Mazzini
826:Kossuth
811:Broglie
806:BolĂvar
801:Artigas
796:Madison
658:Spencer
643:Emerson
633:Bastiat
618:Ricardo
578:Bentham
518:Spinoza
475:History
376:Private
324:Liberty
258:Freedom
178:Secular
166:Islamic
144:Radical
81:Schools
4429:Rights
4240:(1992)
4230:(1971)
4220:(1951)
4210:(1945)
4200:(1944)
4190:(1929)
4180:(1859)
4170:(1848)
4150:(1820)
4140:(1791)
4130:(1790)
4120:(1762)
4110:(1748)
4100:(1689)
4090:(1651)
4080:(1532)
4070:(1313)
4000:Walzer
3990:Taylor
3945:Sartre
3910:Popper
3905:Pareto
3900:Ortega
3885:Nozick
3875:Mouffe
3825:Laclau
3785:Guénon
3770:Gandhi
3710:Berlin
3700:Bauman
3695:Badiou
3685:Arendt
3652:Tucker
3542:Le Bon
3503:Herder
3493:Haller
3488:Godwin
3473:Fichte
3468:Engels
3463:Cortés
3433:Bonald
3390:Suárez
3365:Milton
3355:Luther
3328:Hobbes
3313:Filmer
3303:Calvin
3288:Boétie
3281:period
3260:Ockham
3127:Cicero
2928:Nazism
2716:Utopia
2691:Rights
2681:Regime
2651:People
2636:Nation
2490:
2463:
2438:
2356:
2312:liberi
2237:
2190:"free"
2157:
1900:, and
1819:, and
1783:, and
1515:Modern
1456:Turkey
1441:Taiwan
1431:Sweden
1401:Serbia
1391:Russia
1369:Poland
1349:Panama
1344:Norway
1304:Mexico
1289:Latvia
1267:Israel
1230:Greece
1215:France
1180:Cyprus
1138:Canada
1128:Brazil
1088:Europe
986:Macron
931:Madero
896:Deakin
886:Levski
861:Cavour
846:Juárez
836:Cobden
768:Badawi
758:Nozick
738:Berlin
728:Popper
703:Keynes
698:Ortega
663:Arnold
623:Guizot
583:Korais
548:Turgot
508:Milton
388:Rights
381:Public
290:Speech
268:Market
241:Gender
188:Techno
183:Social
171:Jewish
107:Equity
4389:Index
4018:Works
4005:Weber
3970:Spann
3965:Sorel
3930:Röpke
3925:Rawls
3880:Negri
3870:Mosca
3865:Mises
3830:Lenin
3800:Hoppe
3795:Hayek
3760:Fromm
3750:Evola
3740:Dugin
3637:Taine
3617:Smith
3597:Renan
3592:Paine
3513:Iqbal
3498:Hegel
3448:Comte
3438:Burke
3350:Locke
3340:James
3293:Bodin
3225:Dante
3220:Bruni
3174:Shang
3157:Plato
2711:State
2661:Power
2646:Peace
2581:Elite
2559:Terms
2205:
2068:Works
1791:Types
1641:Right
1426:Spain
1284:Japan
1272:Italy
1257:India
1200:Egypt
1148:China
1143:Chile
981:Obama
956:Ohlin
891:Kemal
748:Rawls
723:Hayek
713:ÄŚapek
693:Mises
683:Croce
673:Weber
668:Acton
598:Staël
563:Paine
553:Burke
538:Smith
513:Locke
280:Press
273:Trade
246:Legal
114:Green
3920:Rand
3915:Qutb
3815:Kirk
3690:Aron
3607:Sade
3587:Owen
3572:Mill
3562:Marx
3530:Kant
3508:Hume
3370:More
3270:Wang
3152:Mozi
2576:Duty
2488:ISBN
2461:ISBN
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2721:War
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