1826:
5708:
581:
942:
1205:
2404:
6002:
2416:
5870:
5669:
1122:
2146:
2127:
1178:
667:
68:
2200:, the Sejm was defined as "the highest organ of State authority" in Poland, as well as "the highest spokesman of the will of the people in town and country." On paper, it was vested with great lawmaking and oversight powers. For instance, it was empowered with control over "the functioning of other organs of State authority and administration," and ministers were required to answer questions posed by deputies within seven days. In practice, it did little more than rubber-stamp decisions already made by the Communist
1075:
1083:
286:
1070:
1877:, and have a certain amount of wealth. The legal voting age was 21, except for those citizens serving in the military, the personnel of which were not allowed to vote. Parliamentary sessions were initially convened every two years, and lasted for (at least) 30 days. However, after many clashes between liberal deputies and conservative government officials, sessions were later called only four times (1818, 1820, 1826, and 1830, with the last two sessions being secret). The
2389:
852:
2373:
2445:
6132:
5952:
1541:
999:
2428:
2354:
4787:
4749:
4724:
4710:
4682:
4628:
4499:
4481:
4458:
4444:
4408:
4801:
4767:
4669:
4642:
4599:
4586:
4557:
4544:
4522:
4422:
1936:. Poles were elected to and represented the majority in both of these legislatures; however, they were largely powerless institutions and exercised only very limited power. After numerous failures in securing legislative sovereignty in the early 19th century, many Poles simply gave up trying to attain a degree of independence from their foreign master-states. In the
1814:
of the
Russian Empire; it was composed of the king (the Russian emperor), the upper house (Senate), and the lower house (Chamber of Deputies). Overall, during the period from 1795 until the re-establishment of Poland's sovereignty in 1918, little power was actually held by any Polish legislative body
2071:
supremacy in the system of state institutions at the expense of the executive powers, thus creating a parliamentary republic out of the Polish state. An attempt to strengthen executive powers in 1926 (through the August
Amendment) proved too limited and largely failed in helping avoid legislative
4292:
To investigate the legality, correctness, and purposefulness of operational and reconnaissance activities taken among others with the use of the "Pegasus" software by the members of the council of ministers, special forces, police, tax control authorities and customs control autorities, bodies
2000:
and re-establishment of Polish independence, the convocation of parliament, under the democratic electoral law of 1918, became an enduring symbol of the new state's wish to demonstrate and establish continuity with the 300-year Polish parliamentary traditions established before the time of the
2176:
had 460 deputies throughout most of its history. At first, this number was declared to represent one deputy per 60,000 citizens (425 were elected in 1952), but, in 1960, as the population grew, the declaration was changed: The constitution then stated that the deputies were representative
2287:
When the Sejm was not in session, the State
Council had the power to issue decrees that had the force of law. However, those decrees had to be approved by the Sejm at its next session. In practice, the principles of democratic centralism meant that such approval was only a formality.
2346:
was used), their number being proportional to their constituency's population. Additionally, a threshold is used, so that candidates are chosen only from parties that gained at least 5% of the nationwide vote (candidates from ethnic-minority parties are exempt from this threshold).
2099:
and the Senate, which were then, according to plan, to resume their activity within two months after the end of the Second World War; this, however, never happened. During wartime, the
National Council (1939–1945) was established to represent the legislature as part of the
1825:
4288:
To investigate the legality, correctness and purposefulness of actions, as well as the occurrence of abuse, neglect, and omissions regarding the legalisation of stay for foreigners within the territory of the
Republic of Poland between 12 November 2019 and 20 November
880:(known as the 'First Polish parliament') was the most notable, in that it established laws constraining the power of the ruler. It forbade arbitrary sequestration of supplies in the countryside and takeover of bishopric lands after the death of a bishop. These early
2072:
grid-lock which had ensued as a result of too-great parliamentary power in a state which had numerous diametrically-opposed political parties sitting in its legislature. In 1935, the parliamentary republic was weakened further when, by way of,
919:) in each of the Kingdom's provinces. At the time, Poland's nobility, which accounted for around 10% of the state's population (then the highest amount in Europe), was becoming particularly influential, and with the eventual development of the
4314:
1969:
In the second half of the 19th century, Poles were able to become members of the parliaments of
Austria, Prussia and Russia, where they formed Polish Clubs. Deputies of Polish nationality were elected to the Prussian
5925:
5909:
5917:
5901:
1708:"). Additionally, if the envoys were unable to reach a unanimous decision within six weeks (the time limit of a single session), deliberations were declared void and all previous acts passed by that
4321:
668:
1909:(both types of provincial governors), Russian envoys, diplomats or princes, and nine bishops. It acted as the Parliamentary Court, had the right to control "citizens' books", and had similar
1716:
resolution, by either an envoy or a senator, automatically caused the rejection of other, previously approved resolutions. This was because all resolutions passed by a given session of the
4285:
To investigate the legality, correctness, and purposefulness of actions taken with the goal of preparing and holding the Polish
Presidential Elections in 2020 in the form of postal voting
3099:
2145:
1622:, Senate and King forming the estates and supreme deliberating body of the state. In the first few decades of the 16th century, the Senate had established its precedence over the
978:
eventually became even more active in supporting the goals of the privileged classes when the King ordered that the landed nobility and their estates (peasants) be drafted into
2095:
held its final pre-war session, during which it declared Poland's readiness to defend itself against invading German forces. On 2 November 1939, the
President dissolved the
6250:
6089:
1873:, with each individual serving for a term of office of six years, with third of the deputies being elected every two years. Candidates for deputy had to be able to
6065:
6049:
6033:
3081:
6848:
6105:
6097:
6081:
6073:
6057:
6041:
2573:
4307:
1158:
2084:, an act through which the head of state assumed the dominant position in legislating for the state and the Senate increased its power at the expense of the
2040:, one of the most democratic European constitutions enacted after the end of World War I. The constitution established a political system which was based on
6512:
5091:
Though the by-laws of the Sejm do not mention such a position, the leader of the largest opposition party is called leader of the opposition by convention.
2672:
149:
2126:
3086:
908:
6344:
6179:
6163:
5707:
164:
6772:
6171:
6155:
3007:
2307:
was largely subservient to the
Communist party, one deputy, Romuald Bukowski (an independent) voted against the imposition of martial law in 1982.
1865:
The
Chamber of Deputies, despite its name, consisted not only of 77 envoys (sent by local assemblies) from the hereditary nobility, but also of 51
5242:
6868:
6863:
6295:
2197:
1984:
from 1871. Polish Deputies were members of the Austrian State Council (from 1867), and from 1906 were also elected to the Russian Imperial State
1730:
1667" act. In the 16th century, no single person or small group dared to hold up proceedings, but, from the second half of the 17th century, the
1137:
6712:
6442:
1267:
936:
6527:
6227:
6001:
2403:
1062:
59:
6497:
6219:
5668:
2562:
1581:
2415:
6662:
6404:
4909:
4829:
6813:
5869:
5506:
3104:
6942:
6522:
6517:
5893:
1966:. It is recognised today as having played a major and overwhelming positive role in the development of Polish national institutions.
1757:. The constitution's acceptance, and the possible long-term consequences it may have had, is arguably the reason that the powers of
1286:
6937:
6702:
5933:
3029:
2113:
6787:
6777:
6757:
6537:
6399:
3773:
3618:
6843:
6717:
6642:
6507:
6419:
4573:
3784:
3533:
2551:
1297:
397:
1554:
6823:
6795:
6722:
5553:
1491:
1483:
1479:
873:
6858:
6853:
6838:
6567:
6452:
6359:
6339:
6211:
6203:
6195:
6187:
5466:
1518:
1463:
6956:
5373:
1773:, thus putting an end to over 300 years of Polish parliamentary continuity. It is estimated that between 1493 and 1793, a
6707:
6617:
6329:
6288:
3607:
2646:
2507:
1382:
1361:
1353:
5578:
5486:
6627:
6462:
6447:
6384:
5717:
4834:
4371:
4356:
4128:
4095:
4062:
4029:
3999:
3963:
3927:
3894:
3858:
3807:
2296:
1607:
1443:
1395:
1327:
567:
555:
6557:
5528:
6727:
6692:
6597:
6467:
5678:
5324:
5281:
3555:
3048:
2996:
2661:
2277:
2253:
1322:
765:
589:
113:
1143:
6818:
6732:
6682:
6592:
6532:
6379:
5836:
4293:
established to prosecute criminals, and the proscecutor's office between 16 November 2015 and 20th of november 2023
3477:
3441:
3405:
3369:
3333:
3297:
3261:
3225:
3195:
3168:
3129:
2913:
2892:
2853:
2802:
2754:
2706:
2013:
1926:
1574:
1278:
2001:
partitions. Maciej Rataj emphatically paid tribute to this with the phrase: "There is Poland there, and so is the
6919:
6657:
6582:
5646:
3570:
2974:
1407:
829:
7000:
6932:
6914:
6878:
6805:
6622:
6414:
6281:
6011:
3018:
2265:
1819:) and Austria propagated legislation for their own respective formerly-Polish territories at a national level.
1618:. The Commonwealth ensured that the state of affairs surrounding the three-estates system continued, with the
6737:
6672:
6542:
6477:
6457:
6437:
6389:
6324:
5975:
5692:
2269:
2268:, and members of the State Council. It also chose many other government officials, including the head of the
2204:
and its executive bodies. This was standard practice in nearly all Communist regimes due to the principle of
1599:
846:
724:
538:
107:
5488:
Being Polish/Becoming European: Gender and The Limits of Diffusion in Polish Accession to the European Union
2108:, the Council of National Unity was set up; this body functioned from 1944 to 1945 as the parliament of the
580:
6762:
6687:
6677:
6647:
6502:
6492:
6487:
6374:
6349:
6262:
3707:
2037:
817:
704:
299:
6828:
6652:
6637:
6612:
6577:
6562:
6482:
5820:
3696:
3685:
2942:
2595:
2332:
2320:
2201:
2173:
2081:
1797:
1567:
1456:
809:
534:
941:
6552:
6547:
6472:
6409:
6354:
6334:
5315:
2518:
2101:
2021:
1746:
1113:
192:
6607:
5983:
3795:
3644:
2485:
2388:
1980:
1335:
318:
5494:(Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) thesis). Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan. p. 167.
5961:
5743:
5175:
5114:
4509:
4431:
4395:
3740:
3674:
3633:
3592:
2963:
2584:
2273:
2261:
2186:
2109:
1952:
1925:(1815–1846), a unicameral Assembly of Representatives was established, and from 1827, a unicameral
1603:
1224:
1212:
1204:
1046:
895:, it became a regularly convening body, to which indirect elections were held every two years. The
309:
247:
225:
214:
176:
2112:. With the cessation of hostilities in 1945, and subsequent rise to power of the Communist-backed
1933:
180:
17:
5828:
5751:
4971:
2694:
2372:
2228:
1860:
1804:
1302:
1259:
1171:
825:
824:, all state organs were subservient to it. However, in practice it was widely considered to be a
254:
236:
2444:
892:
6833:
6025:
5879:
3718:
3655:
2985:
2683:
2657:
2529:
2496:
2464:
2117:
2053:
2025:
1889:
legal issues, and, with permission from the king, it could also vote on matters related to the
1870:
1668:
1196:
1033:
1020:
798:
773:
372:
5619:
2353:
2343:
1893:
and the military. It had the right to exercise control over government officials, and to file
1720:
formed a whole resolution, and, as such, was published as the annual "constituent act" of the
1270:
6587:
6131:
5951:
3581:
3544:
3059:
2205:
1340:
1289:
752:
700:
388:
352:
31:
5338:
PSL was a left-wing party until about 2008, and shifted towards the centre-right afterwards.
6697:
5807:
2105:
2073:
1835:
1770:
1656:
1402:
1238:
1121:
1054:
964:
960:
732:
693:
1471:
8:
6747:
6258:
5844:
5639:
5451:
5123:
4165:
2316:
2249:
1948:
1941:
1922:
1866:
1672:
1664:
1636:("middle nobility"). Its chambers reserved the final decisions in legislation, taxation,
1615:
1524:
1412:
1315:
1251:
1184:
1098:
820:
in the country. It was the only government branch in the state, and per the principle of
156:
127:
6273:
5435:
2132:
5246:
4928:
4492:
4487:
3596:
3117:
1937:
1886:
1012:
989:
979:
863:
787:
748:
542:
335:
322:
1101:
134:
6572:
5306:
5209:
5184:
5132:
4849:
4531:
3559:
2339:
2077:
1843:
1758:
1749:, a piece of legislation which was passed as the "Government Act", and for which the
1514:
1509:
1233:
791:
363:
344:
184:
90:
5852:
5272:
4864:
4346:
3729:
2292:
2281:
1960:
1129:
896:
783:
712:
639:
525:
172:
2189:", a non-proportional, "four-point" version was used. Legislation was passed with
1686:
process was the most commonly used system for voting. Later, with the rise of the
1177:
6909:
5263:
5141:
4879:
3751:
3070:
2220:
2190:
2009:
1997:
1811:
1786:
1683:
1595:
1369:
866:
word meaning "gathering" or "meeting") traces its roots to the King's Councils –
678:
661:
258:
188:
2427:
6873:
6632:
5767:
5632:
5614:
5381:
5105:
5002:
3629:
1831:
1762:
1687:
1645:
1374:
1150:
953:
920:
203:
168:
160:
6995:
6989:
6971:
6958:
6904:
6899:
6767:
6429:
6113:
6010:
5228:
5062:
5047:
4894:
1975:
1890:
1816:
1545:
1074:
1028:
971:
911:; and the Chamber of Deputies, made up of 54 envoys elected by smaller local
828:
legislature which existed to approve decisions made by the ruling party, the
821:
813:
210:
2151:
1694:
principle was re-introduced with the institution of the nobility's right of
1082:
67:
6894:
6369:
1793:
1696:
1667:
in Commonwealth territory, ensuring a refuge for those fleeing the ongoing
1192:
1069:
974:
grew in number and power as they pressed the king for more privileges. The
877:
690:
285:
6308:
6304:
5783:
5759:
5735:
5447:
5032:
4987:
4956:
4615:
4468:
3762:
2041:
2033:
1910:
1847:
1726:
1649:
1220:
1105:
832:(PZPR) as a formality, and which had little or no real power of its own.
716:
708:
686:
406:
331:
232:
138:
85:
5716:
2154:, Minister of Foreign Affairs, delivers his famous Honour Speech in the
6394:
6316:
5775:
5420:
Hostages of Modernization: Studies on Modern Antisemitism, 1870-1933/39
5017:
2433:
2338:
Between 7 and 20 deputies are elected from each constituency using the
1882:
1754:
946:
6602:
2319:
in 1989, the Senate was reinstated as the second house of a bicameral
2044:'s doctrine of separation of powers, and which restored the bicameral
851:
6364:
2540:
2240:
1905:
1777:
was held 240 times, the total debate-time sum of which was 44 years.
1691:
1679:
531:
5731:
Only a limited number of individual sejms of this era is listed here
5615:
Description of the modern Sejm's role in the Polish political system
1869:, elected by the non-noble population. All deputies were covered by
1712:
were annulled. From the mid-17th century onward, any objection to a
5150:
1894:
1874:
1790:
1641:
1632:
1140:
794:
5624:
5607:
2185:
the people, but this article was never used, and, instead of the "
1951:. After this, in the mid to late 19th century, only in autonomous
5960:
4274:
To consider draft laws regarding the right to terminate pregnancy
2057:
2048:
consisting of a chamber of deputies (to which alone the name of "
1899:
1766:
5517:(1). Instytut Nauk Politycznych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego: 232.
5507:"Ideologia Polskiego Stronnictwa Ludowego na początku XXI wieku"
6254:
6141:
5878:
5659:
4922:
2364:
2216:
1637:
1419:
916:
720:
593:
6140:
998:
786:
and the King. It was thus a three-estate parliament. The 1573
623:
8% for coalitions, 0% for ethnic minority electoral committees
5806:
5431:
5429:
1701:
1431:
5677:
2303:
became the sole legislative body in Poland. Even though the
2284:(the last three bodies of which were created in the 1980s).
2227:
deliberated in sessions that were ordered to convene by the
1955:(1861–1914) was there a unicameral and functional National
1705:
868:
645:
5426:
1988:(lower chamber) and to the State Council (upper chamber).
1897:. The 64-member Senate on the other hand, was composed of
1815:
and the occupying powers of Russia, Prussia (later united
790:
strengthened the assembly's jurisdiction, making Poland a
6303:
1738:, and brought the Commonwealth to the brink of collapse.
454:
Environment Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry
2067:
The legal content of the March Constitution allowed for
5554:"Komisje nadzwyczajne - Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej"
855:
The first Sejm in Łęczyca. Recording of laws. A.D. 1180
4203:
Environment Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry
2458:
2052:" was from then on applied) and the Senate. In 1919,
642:
606:
5463:
805:
has referred only to the lower house of parliament.
699:
The Sejm has been the highest governing body of the
648:
5579:"Komisje śledcze - Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej"
5465:
2060:party, became the first woman ever elected to the
1630:became a very powerful representative body of the
930:
442:Digitization, Innovation and Modern Technology
6987:
5529:"Komisje stałe - Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej"
5368:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5354:
2223:that were a fixture of communist economies. The
1614:was supplemented with new envoys from among the
776:parliament, comprising the Chamber of Deputies (
4330:Standings in the 10th Sejm and the 11th Senate
2244:("presiding body") from among its members. The
4191:Digitization, Innovation and Modern Technology
3514:
2463:
2036:. This was then strengthened, in 1921, by the
1916:
6289:
5640:
5504:
5351:
4315:
1575:
1771:partition the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
872:– which gained authority during the time of
777:
756:
742:
736:
481:Local Self-Government and Regional Policy
48:
4910:National Assembly of the Republic of Poland
4168:with responsibilities in particular areas.
2331:is now composed of 460 deputies elected by
2163:
1796:between 1807 and 1815, and its short-lived
1626:; however, from the mid-1500s onwards, the
6296:
6282:
5647:
5633:
4322:
4308:
1582:
1568:
937:Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
5467:"Romuald Bukowski; Polish Legislator, 64"
5454:Federal Research Division, December 1989.
5407:. Columbia University Press. p. 302.
4227:Local Self-Government and Regional Policy
1991:
1834:tries to prevent the legalisation of the
484:Maritime Economy and Inland Navigation
5464:The Associated Press (22 October 1992).
2409:Sessions chamber viewed from the rostrum
2310:
2135:speaking to envoys and diplomats in the
2114:Provisional Government of National Unity
940:
850:
5417:
4830:Electoral districts of Poland (1935–39)
2421:Marshal's chair in the sessions chamber
2342:(with one exception, in 2001, when the
2080:, the president was forced to sign the
1913:rights as did the Chamber of Deputies.
1745:was abolished with the adoption of the
27:Lower house of the parliament of Poland
14:
6988:
5484:
5478:
5402:
4230:Maritime Economy and Inland Navigation
4159:
1644:matters (including military funding),
884:s only convened at the King's behest.
427:Administration and Internal Affairs
6277:
5628:
5405:God's Playground: A History of Poland
4334:
2020:, a Constituent Assembly, passed the
660:
4298:
2028:and proclaimed the principle of the
2012:of Poland's independence, the first
959:of 1788–1792 and Senate adopted the
840:
430:Agriculture and Rural Development
5654:
4176:Administration and Internal Affairs
1881:had the right to call for votes on
1734:was used to virtually paralyze the
1678:Until the end of the 16th century,
451:Energy, Climate and State Assets
24:
5505:Szustakiewicz, Przemysław (2010).
5441:
4835:Polish constitutional crisis, 2015
2941:
2459:Historical composition of the Sejm
2256:. In its preliminary session, the
1854:
1663:officially sanction and guarantee
25:
7012:
5837:Sejm of the Grand Duchy of Posen
5599:
5422:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 985.
4179:Agriculture and Rural Development
2252:, who was always a member of the
2181:the people and could be recalled
1842:from leaving the chamber (1773).
1838:by preventing the members of the
1755:four years to propagate and adopt
927:s powers increased dramatically.
903:then comprised two chambers: the
751:. The Sejm is presided over by a
487:National and Ethnic Minorities
6943:National unicameral legislatures
6513:Democratic Republic of the Congo
6251:Members from Kraków constituency
6130:
6000:
5950:
5868:
5706:
5667:
5418:Strauss, Herbert Arthur (1993).
4946:
4840:
4799:
4786:
4785:
4765:
4748:
4747:
4723:
4722:
4709:
4708:
4681:
4680:
4667:
4640:
4627:
4626:
4597:
4584:
4555:
4542:
4520:
4498:
4497:
4480:
4479:
4457:
4456:
4443:
4442:
4420:
4407:
4406:
4200:Energy, Climate and State Assets
2443:
2426:
2414:
2402:
2387:
2371:
2352:
2144:
2125:
1824:
1690:and their increasing power, the
1539:
1203:
1176:
1144:Małgorzata Maria Kidawa- Błońska
1120:
1081:
1073:
1068:
997:
638:
579:
433:Constitutional Accountability
284:
66:
6938:National bicameral legislatures
6920:List of legislatures by country
5571:
5546:
5521:
5498:
5457:
5411:
5396:
5332:
4773:
4696:
4655:
4612:
4570:
4528:
4506:
4465:
4428:
4392:
1947:operated until the time of the
448:Education, Science and Youth
6915:List of abolished lower houses
5976:Home Political Representation
5295:
5252:
5236:
5217:
5198:
5164:
5094:
5085:
4800:
4766:
4668:
4641:
4598:
4585:
4556:
4543:
4521:
4421:
4233:National and Ethnic Minorities
2327:remained the first house. The
2266:Council of Ministers of Poland
2248:was headed by the speaker, or
1608:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
931:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
876:(1146-1295). The 1180 Sejm in
747:) elected every four years by
683:Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
675:Sejm of the Republic of Poland
499:Rules and Deputies' Affairs
50:Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
43:Sejm of the Republic of Poland
13:
1:
5693:Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland
5345:
4182:Constitutional Accountability
3522:
3518:
2952:
2948:
2474:
2470:
1780:
970:Over time, the envoys in the
917:assemblies of landed nobility
847:Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland
755:, the "Marshal of the Sejm" (
568:On or before 11 November 2027
493:Physic Education and Sport
5821:Sejm of the Duchy of Warsaw
4242:Physical Education and Sport
4197:Education, Science and Youth
1298:Supreme Administrative Court
830:Polish United Workers' Party
818:supreme organ of state power
808:During the existence of the
478:Liaison with Poles Abroad
7:
6114:Tenth Term (Contract) Sejm
6012:People's Republic of Poland
4823:
4271:For changes in codification
4248:Rules and Deputies' Affairs
3515:Third republic (since 1989)
2333:proportional representation
2202:Polish United Workers Party
1974:from 1848, and then to the
1917:Germany and Austria-Hungary
1464:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
907:(Senate) of 81 bishops and
673:), officially known as the
535:proportional representation
505:Social Policy and Family
472:Justice and Human Rights
10:
7017:
5984:Council of National Unity
5485:Gerber, Alexandra (2011).
2270:Supreme Chamber of Control
2102:Polish Government in Exile
2082:April Constitution of 1935
2022:Small Constitution of 1919
1858:
1747:Constitution of 3 May 1791
1682:was not required, and the
934:
899:was also established; the
844:
835:
772:referred to an entire two-
731:). The Sejm comprises 460
460:Family and Women Rights
445:Economy and Development
150:Deputy Marshal of the Sejm
29:
6928:
6887:
6804:
6786:
6746:
6428:
6315:
6243:
6129:
5999:
5949:
5867:
5799:
5705:
5666:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4731:
4689:
4648:
4605:
4563:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4385:
4344:
4337:
4224:Liaison with Poles Abroad
3521:
2951:
2473:
2299:in 1946, after which the
2091:On 2 September 1939, the
1940:, a relatively powerless
1836:first partition of Poland
1606:as one single state, the
622:
617:
604:
599:
587:
578:
573:
561:
549:
523:
518:
457:European Union Affairs
415:
292:
283:
272:
267:
245:
223:
201:
147:
125:
120:
102:
97:
79:
74:
65:
58:
41:
6773:Northern Mariana Islands
6498:Central African Republic
5962:Polish Underground State
5829:Sejm of Congress Poland
5078:
4280:Investigative committees
4266:Extraordinary committees
4254:Social Policy and Family
4218:Justice and Human Rights
3806:
3525:
3128:
2955:
2705:
2629: Others/Independent
2477:
2394:Sessions chamber in the
2187:five-point electoral law
2174:Polish People's Republic
2164:Polish People's Republic
2120:legally ceased to exist.
2110:Polish Underground State
1604:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1396:Administrative divisions
1213:Prime Minister of Poland
810:Polish People's Republic
715:, it forms the national
707:in 1989. Along with the
705:transition of government
248:Leader of the Opposition
6026:State National Council
5448:Poland: a country study
5403:Davies, Norman (1982).
4658:Independents and Locals
4194:Economy and Development
2278:Constitutional Tribunal
1861:Sejm of Congress Poland
1362:Major political parties
1279:Constitutional Tribunal
1260:Supreme Court of Poland
792:constitutional elective
590:Sejm and Senate Complex
262:since 13 December 2023
240:since 13 December 2023
218:since 13 November 2023
196:since 13 November 2023
142:since 13 November 2023
6345:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5880:Second Polish Republic
4206:European Union Affairs
2118:Second Polish Republic
2054:Roza Pomerantz-Meltzer
2026:parliamentary republic
1992:Second Polish Republic
1871:Parliamentary immunity
1801:of the Duchy of Warsaw
1785:After the fall of the
1659:saw the nobles of the
1650:confirment of nobility
1480:Diplomatic missions of
1021:Constitution of Poland
967:
965:Royal Castle in Warsaw
874:Poland's fragmentation
856:
799:Second Polish Republic
778:
757:
743:
737:
728:
682:
49:
7001:National lower houses
6933:National upper houses
6518:Republic of the Congo
5511:Studia Politologiczne
4915:Zgromadzenie Narodowe
4510:Polish People's Party
4164:The Sejm has several
2311:Third Polish Republic
2295:was abolished by the
2254:United People's Party
2206:democratic centralism
2024:, which introduced a
1934:Grand Duchy of Poznań
1789:, which existed as a
944:
854:
729:Zgromadzenie Narodowe
701:Third Polish Republic
353:Confidence and supply
181:Włodzimierz Czarzasty
32:Sejm (disambiguation)
5845:Sejm of the Estates
5438:of 1952 Constitution
4172:Permanent committees
2219:and on the periodic
2106:Nazi-occupied Poland
1657:Warsaw Confederation
1598:in 1569, united the
1055:Parliament of Poland
961:May 3rd Constitution
816:parliament, was the
694:parliament of Poland
436:Culture and Media
30:For other uses, see
6972:52.2252°N 21.0280°E
6968: /
6869:Portugal (Republic)
6713:Trinidad and Tobago
6443:Antigua and Barbuda
6263:Seimas of Lithuania
6259:Seimas of Lithuania
5452:Library of Congress
4858:Sejm skonfederowany
4387:Parliamentary clubs
4331:
4166:standing committees
4160:Standing committees
2637: Catholic Bloc
2450:Column hall in the
2344:Sainte-Laguë method
2272:and members of the
2260:also nominated the
1923:Free City of Cracow
1810:was established in
1673:Counter-Reformation
1665:religious tolerance
1616:Lithuanian nobility
1271:Małgorzata Manowska
1185:President of Poland
887:Following the 1493
812:, the Sejm, then a
711:of parliament, the
508:Special Services
490:National Defense
439:Deputies' Ethics
157:Monika Wielichowska
128:Marshal of the Sejm
6864:Portugal (Kingdom)
6834:Kingdom of Ireland
6528:Dominican Republic
6204:Seventh Term Sejm
6142:Republic of Poland
6090:Seventh Term Sejm
5808:Partitioned Poland
5744:Pacification Sejm
5620:CNN Election Watch
5472:The New York Times
5384:on 15 October 2019
4650:Senatorial circles
4607:Deputative circles
4303:
2335:every four years.
2056:, a member of the
2038:March Constitution
1938:Austrian partition
1808:of Congress Poland
1063:Current Parliament
990:Politics of Poland
968:
857:
788:Henrician Articles
543:election threshold
496:Public Finances
463:Foreign Affairs
255:Jarosław Kaczyński
6951:
6950:
6750:other territories
6538:Equatorial Guinea
6271:
6270:
6239:
6238:
6231:
6223:
6215:
6212:Eighth Term Sejm
6207:
6199:
6191:
6183:
6180:Fourth Term Sejm
6175:
6167:
6164:Second Term Sejm
6159:
6148:
6125:
6124:
6117:
6109:
6101:
6093:
6085:
6077:
6069:
6066:Fourth Term Sejm
6061:
6053:
6050:Second Term Sejm
6045:
6037:
6034:Legislative Sejm
6029:
6018:
5995:
5994:
5987:
5979:
5968:
5945:
5944:
5937:
5929:
5926:Fourth Term Sejm
5921:
5913:
5910:Second Term Sejm
5905:
5897:
5894:Legislative Sejm
5886:
5863:
5862:
5856:
5853:Sejm of the Land
5848:
5840:
5832:
5824:
5814:
5795:
5794:
5787:
5779:
5771:
5763:
5755:
5752:Convocation Sejm
5747:
5739:
5725:
5718:Polish–Lithuanian
5701:
5700:
5685:
5679:Kingdom of Poland
4981:Sejm konwokacyjny
4937:Sejmik wojewódzki
4873:Sejm konwokacyjny
4818:
4817:
4299:Current standings
4185:Culture and Media
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4123:
4122:
4090:
4089:
4057:
4056:
4024:
4023:
3994:
3993:
3958:
3957:
3922:
3921:
3889:
3888:
3853:
3852:
3802:
3801:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3472:
3471:
3436:
3435:
3400:
3399:
3364:
3363:
3328:
3327:
3292:
3291:
3256:
3255:
3220:
3219:
3190:
3189:
3163:
3162:
3124:
3123:
3039: Independent
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2908:
2907:
2887:
2886:
2848:
2847:
2797:
2796:
2749:
2748:
2701:
2700:
2321:national assembly
2280:, as well as the
2198:1952 Constitution
1949:Spring of Nations
1600:Kingdom of Poland
1592:
1591:
1546:Poland portal
1472:Radosław Sikorski
1457:Foreign relations
1354:Political parties
909:other dignitaries
841:Kingdom of Poland
766:Kingdom of Poland
725:National Assembly
627:
626:
539:41 constituencies
469:Infrastructure
91:Polish parliament
53:
16:(Redirected from
7008:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6979:
6978:
6977:52.2252; 21.0280
6973:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6961:
6854:Northern Ireland
6839:Irish Free State
6298:
6291:
6284:
6275:
6274:
6229:
6228:Tenth Term Sejm
6221:
6220:Ninth Term Sejm
6213:
6205:
6197:
6196:Sixth Term Sejm
6189:
6188:Fifth Term Sejm
6181:
6173:
6172:Third Term Sejm
6165:
6157:
6156:First Term Sejm
6149:
6146:
6138:
6137:
6134:
6115:
6107:
6106:Ninth Term Sejm
6099:
6098:Eight Term Sejm
6091:
6083:
6082:Sixth Term Sejm
6075:
6074:Fifth Term Sejm
6067:
6059:
6058:Third Term Sejm
6051:
6043:
6042:First Term Sejm
6035:
6027:
6019:
6016:
6008:
6007:
6004:
5985:
5977:
5969:
5966:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5935:
5934:Fifth Term Sejm
5927:
5919:
5918:Third Term Sejm
5911:
5903:
5902:First Term Sejm
5895:
5887:
5884:
5876:
5875:
5872:
5854:
5846:
5838:
5830:
5822:
5815:
5812:
5804:
5803:
5785:
5777:
5769:
5761:
5753:
5745:
5737:
5726:
5723:
5714:
5713:
5710:
5686:
5683:
5675:
5674:
5671:
5649:
5642:
5635:
5626:
5625:
5611:
5610:
5608:Official website
5594:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5575:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5482:
5476:
5475:
5469:
5461:
5455:
5445:
5439:
5433:
5424:
5423:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5400:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5380:. Archived from
5378:opis.sejm.gov.pl
5370:
5339:
5336:
5330:
5323:
5314:
5305:
5299:
5293:
5289:
5280:
5271:
5262:
5256:
5250:
5240:
5234:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5208:
5202:
5196:
5192:
5183:
5174:
5168:
5162:
5159:Independent (14)
5158:
5149:
5140:
5131:
5122:
5113:
5104:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5074:
5071:Sejm Kontraktowy
5059:
5044:
5041:Sejm grodzieński
5029:
5014:
4999:
4996:Sejm Repninowski
4984:
4968:
4940:
4918:
4906:
4891:
4888:Sejm koronacyjny
4876:
4861:
4803:
4802:
4789:
4788:
4769:
4768:
4751:
4750:
4726:
4725:
4712:
4711:
4684:
4683:
4671:
4670:
4644:
4643:
4630:
4629:
4601:
4600:
4588:
4587:
4565:Deputative clubs
4559:
4558:
4546:
4545:
4524:
4523:
4501:
4500:
4483:
4482:
4460:
4459:
4446:
4445:
4424:
4423:
4410:
4409:
4332:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4302:
4257:Special Services
4236:National Defense
4188:Deputies' Ethics
4134:
4133:
4101:
4100:
4068:
4067:
4035:
4034:
4005:
4004:
3969:
3968:
3933:
3932:
3900:
3899:
3864:
3863:
3813:
3812:
3793:
3782:
3771:
3760:
3749:
3738:
3727:
3716:
3705:
3694:
3683:
3672:
3664:
3653:
3642:
3627:
3616:
3605:
3590:
3579:
3568:
3553:
3542:
3531:
3523:
3519:
3483:
3482:
3447:
3446:
3411:
3410:
3375:
3374:
3339:
3338:
3303:
3302:
3267:
3266:
3231:
3230:
3201:
3200:
3174:
3173:
3135:
3134:
3115:
3108:
3097:
3090:
3079:
3068:
3057:
3046:
3038:
3027:
3016:
3005:
2994:
2983:
2972:
2961:
2953:
2949:
2919:
2918:
2898:
2897:
2859:
2858:
2808:
2807:
2760:
2759:
2712:
2711:
2692:
2681:
2670:
2655:
2644:
2636:
2628:
2621: Ukrainians
2620:
2612:
2604:
2593:
2582:
2571:
2560:
2549:
2538:
2527:
2516:
2505:
2494:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2447:
2430:
2418:
2406:
2391:
2375:
2356:
2317:end of communism
2148:
2133:Stanisław Dubois
2129:
2104:. Meanwhile, in
1828:
1769:then decided to
1759:Habsburg Austria
1675:wars in Europe.
1584:
1577:
1570:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1444:Cities and towns
1439:
1427:
1290:Julia Przyłębska
1207:
1180:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1124:
1085:
1077:
1072:
1001:
985:
984:
980:military service
897:bicameral system
781:
760:
749:universal ballot
746:
740:
672:
671:
670:
664:
659:
655:
654:
651:
650:
647:
644:
637:
613:
610:
608:
583:
502:Senior Policy
405:
396:
387:
380:Opposition (212)
371:
362:
343:
330:
317:
308:
294:Political groups
288:
173:Piotr Zgorzelski
165:Dorota Niedziela
70:
52:
47:
39:
38:
21:
7016:
7015:
7011:
7010:
7009:
7007:
7006:
7005:
6986:
6985:
6976:
6974:
6970:
6967:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6947:
6924:
6910:Multicameralism
6883:
6800:
6782:
6749:
6742:
6424:
6311:
6302:
6272:
6267:
6235:
6145:
6144:
6121:
6015:
6014:
5991:
5965:
5964:
5941:
5883:
5882:
5859:
5811:
5810:
5791:
5768:Partition Sejm
5732:
5722:
5719:
5697:
5682:
5681:
5662:
5653:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5597:
5587:
5585:
5583:www.sejm.gov.pl
5577:
5576:
5572:
5562:
5560:
5558:www.sejm.gov.pl
5552:
5551:
5547:
5537:
5535:
5533:www.sejm.gov.pl
5527:
5526:
5522:
5503:
5499:
5491:
5483:
5479:
5462:
5458:
5446:
5442:
5434:
5427:
5416:
5412:
5401:
5397:
5387:
5385:
5372:
5371:
5352:
5348:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5333:
5321:
5312:
5303:
5300:
5296:
5290:Independent (4)
5287:
5278:
5269:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5241:
5237:
5225:
5222:
5218:
5206:
5203:
5199:
5193:Independent (1)
5190:
5181:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5156:
5147:
5138:
5129:
5120:
5111:
5102:
5099:
5095:
5090:
5086:
5081:
5068:
5053:
5038:
5023:
5011:Sejm rozbiorowy
5008:
4993:
4978:
4962:
4953:
4934:
4912:
4900:
4885:
4870:
4855:
4846:
4826:
4820:
4432:Civic Coalition
4396:Law and Justice
4377:
4370:
4363:10 August 2024
4362:
4355:
4329:
4328:
4301:
4296:
4278:
4264:
4245:Public Finances
4209:Foreign Affairs
4162:
3798:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3743:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3721:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3699:
3692:
3688:
3681:
3677:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3636:
3625:
3621:
3614:
3610:
3603:
3599:
3588:
3584:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3562:
3551:
3547:
3540:
3536:
3529:
3517:
3120:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2988:
2981:
2977:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2947:
2697:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2664:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2565:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2469:
2465:Second Republic
2461:
2454:
2448:
2439:
2431:
2422:
2419:
2410:
2407:
2398:
2392:
2383:
2376:
2367:
2357:
2313:
2191:majority voting
2166:
2159:
2149:
2140:
2130:
2074:Józef Piłsudski
2010:interwar period
1998:First World War
1994:
1932:existed in the
1919:
1863:
1857:
1855:Congress Poland
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1787:Duchy of Warsaw
1783:
1688:Polish magnates
1684:majority-voting
1610:, and thus the
1596:Union of Lublin
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1114:Deputy Marshals
1102:Szymon Hołownia
1079:
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758:Marszałek Sejmu
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2340:d'Hondt method
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2274:State Tribunal
2262:Prime Minister
2221:national plans
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1945:of the Estates
1918:
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1887:administrative
1875:read and write
1859:Main article:
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1832:Tadeusz Rejtan
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1646:foreign policy
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1504:Related topics
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864:Proto-Lechitic
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6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6431:
6427:
6421:
6420:United States
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6299:
6294:
6292:
6287:
6285:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6242:
6232:
6226:
6224:
6218:
6216:
6210:
6208:
6202:
6200:
6194:
6192:
6186:
6184:
6178:
6176:
6170:
6168:
6162:
6160:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6143:
6139:
6136:
6133:
6128:
6118:
6112:
6110:
6104:
6102:
6096:
6094:
6088:
6086:
6080:
6078:
6072:
6070:
6064:
6062:
6056:
6054:
6048:
6046:
6040:
6038:
6032:
6030:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6013:
6009:
6006:
6003:
5998:
5988:
5982:
5980:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5963:
5959:
5956:
5953:
5948:
5938:
5932:
5930:
5924:
5922:
5916:
5914:
5908:
5906:
5900:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5881:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5866:
5857:
5851:
5849:
5843:
5841:
5835:
5833:
5827:
5825:
5819:
5817:
5809:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5788:
5782:
5780:
5774:
5772:
5766:
5764:
5758:
5756:
5750:
5748:
5742:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5728:
5721:
5715:
5712:
5709:
5704:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5680:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5650:
5645:
5643:
5638:
5636:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5609:
5604:
5603:
5584:
5580:
5574:
5559:
5555:
5549:
5534:
5530:
5524:
5516:
5513:(in Polish).
5512:
5508:
5501:
5490:
5489:
5481:
5473:
5468:
5460:
5453:
5449:
5444:
5437:
5432:
5430:
5421:
5414:
5406:
5399:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5374:"Poznaj Sejm"
5369:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5350:
5335:
5326:
5320:
5317:
5311:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5286:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5268:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5248:
5244:
5239:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5220:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5189:
5186:
5180:
5177:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5155:
5152:
5146:
5143:
5137:
5134:
5128:
5125:
5119:
5116:
5110:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5088:
5084:
5072:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5057:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5042:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5027:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5012:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4997:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4982:
4977:
4975:
4970:
4966:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4938:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4874:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4859:
4854:
4853:
4850:Confederated
4848:
4847:
4844:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4821:
4806:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4733:Total members
4730:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4647:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4574:Confederation
4572:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4494:
4489:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4375:
4373:
4372:2023 election
4368:
4365:
4360:
4358:
4357:2023 election
4353:
4352:
4348:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4320:
4318:
4313:
4311:
4306:
4305:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4260:State Control
4259:
4256:
4253:
4251:Senior Policy
4250:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3797:
3789:
3786:
3778:
3775:
3767:
3764:
3756:
3753:
3745:
3742:
3734:
3731:
3723:
3720:
3712:
3709:
3701:
3698:
3690:
3687:
3679:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3657:
3649:
3646:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3623:
3620:
3612:
3609:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3586:
3583:
3575:
3572:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3549:
3546:
3538:
3535:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3075:
3072:
3064:
3061:
3053:
3050:
3042:
3034:
3031:
3023:
3020:
3012:
3009:
3001:
2998:
2990:
2987:
2979:
2976:
2968:
2965:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2696:
2688:
2685:
2677:
2674:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2651:
2648:
2640:
2632:
2624:
2616:
2613: Germans
2608:
2600:
2597:
2589:
2586:
2578:
2575:
2567:
2564:
2556:
2553:
2545:
2542:
2534:
2531:
2523:
2520:
2512:
2509:
2501:
2498:
2490:
2487:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2453:
2446:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2429:
2424:
2417:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2238:also chose a
2237:
2232:
2230:
2229:State Council
2226:
2222:
2218:
2215:voted on the
2214:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2158:, 5 May 1939.
2157:
2153:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1976:German Empire
1973:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1891:fiscal policy
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1383:Other parties
1381:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1328:Parliamentary
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:
991:
987:
986:
983:
981:
977:
973:
972:lower chamber
966:
962:
958:
957:
951:
950:
943:
938:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
870:
865:
861:
853:
848:
833:
831:
827:
823:
822:unified power
819:
815:
811:
806:
804:
801:(1918–1939),
800:
796:
793:
789:
785:
780:
779:Izba Poselska
775:
771:
767:
762:
759:
754:
750:
745:
739:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
669:
663:
653:
632:
621:
616:
612:
603:
598:
595:
591:
586:
582:
577:
574:Meeting place
572:
569:
566:
563:Next election
560:
557:
554:
551:Last election
548:
544:
541:(5% national
540:
536:
533:
530:
527:
526:Voting system
522:
517:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
425:
418:
414:
408:
402:
399:
393:
390:
384:
383:
382:
381:
374:
368:
365:
359:
358:
357:
356:
354:
346:
340:
337:
333:
327:
324:
320:
314:
311:
305:
304:
303:
301:
297:
291:
287:
282:
279:
276:460 deputies
275:
271:
266:
260:
256:
252:
249:
244:
238:
234:
230:
227:
222:
216:
212:
211:Marek Sawicki
208:
205:
200:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
146:
140:
136:
132:
129:
124:
119:
115:
109:
105:
101:
96:
92:
87:
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6953:
6895:Bicameralism
6693:South Africa
6667:
6309:legislatures
6307:of national
6305:Lower houses
6147:(since 1990)
5784:Grodno Sejm
5760:Repnin Sejm
5736:Silent Sejm
5720:Commonwealth
5655:
5586:. Retrieved
5582:
5573:
5561:. Retrieved
5557:
5548:
5536:. Retrieved
5532:
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5514:
5510:
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5487:
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4973:
4972:Convocation
4964:
4958:
4948:
4936:
4930:
4929:Voivodeship
4921:
4914:
4902:
4896:
4887:
4881:
4872:
4866:
4865:Convocation
4857:
4851:
4842:
4819:
4760:
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4737:
4732:
4699:Independents
4691:Independents
4690:
4649:
4606:
4564:
4386:
4378:8 July 2024
4339:
4279:
4277:
4265:
4263:
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3665: Others
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2395:
2379:
2363:building in
2360:
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2328:
2324:
2323:, while the
2314:
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2290:
2286:
2257:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2233:
2224:
2212:
2210:
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2178:
2169:
2167:
2155:
2136:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2049:
2045:
2029:
2015:
2014:Legislative
2007:
2002:
1995:
1985:
1979:
1971:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1942:
1928:
1920:
1904:
1898:
1878:
1864:
1839:
1805:
1798:
1794:client state
1784:
1774:
1750:
1743:liberum veto
1742:
1740:
1735:
1732:liberum veto
1731:
1725:
1724:, e.g. the "
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1697:liberum veto
1695:
1677:
1660:
1654:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1611:
1593:
1525:Armed forces
1435:
1423:
1360:
1323:Presidential
1277:
1258:
1211:
1202:
1193:Andrzej Duda
1183:
1128:
1119:
1090:
1089:
1080:
1067:
1053:
1034:Human rights
1019:
975:
969:
955:
948:
924:
912:
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900:
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881:
867:
862:(an ancient
859:
858:
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807:
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763:
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630:
628:
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378:
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298:
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114:contemporary
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6975: /
6844:South Korea
6778:Puerto Rico
6768:Isle of Man
6683:Saint Lucia
6663:Philippines
6643:Netherlands
6583:Ivory Coast
6415:Switzerland
6405:South Sudan
6222:(2019–2023)
6174:(1997–2001)
5855:(1861–1918)
5847:(1775–1845)
5839:(1823–1918)
5813:(1795–1918)
5776:Great Sejm
5724:(1569–1795)
5684:(1385–1569)
5245:elected on
5243:Adam Gomoła
5056:Sejm Śląski
5026:Sejm Wielki
4880:Coronation
4808:Total seats
4469:Poland 2050
4335:Affiliation
4221:Legislative
3103: [
3085: [
2945:(1945–1989)
2467:(1918–1939)
2382:s main hall
2042:Montesquieu
2034:sovereignty
2008:During the
1964:of the Land
1927:provincial
1911:legislative
1848:Jan Matejko
1727:Anno Domini
1669:Reformation
1492:Ambassadors
1403:Voivodeship
1341:Referendums
1221:Donald Tusk
1047:Legislature
768:, the term
717:legislature
709:upper house
687:lower house
373:Independent
233:Donald Tusk
86:Lower house
6990:Categories
6963:21°01′41″E
6960:52°13′31″N
6796:Somaliland
6728:Uzbekistan
6703:Tajikistan
6623:Madagascar
6603:Kazakhstan
5588:28 January
5563:28 January
5538:28 January
5346:References
5058:1920–1939)
5028:1788–1792)
5013:1773–1776)
5003:Partition
4998:1767–1768)
4965:Sejm Niemy
4345:Senators (
4338:Deputies (
2605: Jews
2596:Minorities
2315:After the
2297:referendum
2196:Under the
2152:Józef Beck
1996:After the
1906:kasztelans
1791:Napoleonic
1781:Partitions
1648:, and the
1470:Minister:
1239:Ministries
1013:Government
954:Four-Year
814:unicameral
738:deputowany
735:(singular
703:since the
685:), is the
416:Committees
300:Government
121:Leadership
108:historical
6879:Venezuela
6849:Nicaragua
6568:Indonesia
6330:Australia
6325:Argentina
6214:(2015–19)
6206:(2011–15)
6198:(2007–11)
6190:(2005–07)
6182:(2001–05)
6166:(1993–97)
6158:(1991–93)
6108:(1985–89)
6100:(1980–85)
6092:(1976–80)
6084:(1972–76)
6076:(1969–72)
6068:(1965–69)
6060:(1961–65)
6052:(1957–61)
6044:(1952–56)
6036:(1947–52)
6028:(1943–47)
6017:(1945–89)
5986:(1944–45)
5978:(1943–44)
5967:(1939–45)
5936:(1938–39)
5928:(1935–38)
5920:(1930–35)
5912:(1928–30)
5904:(1922–27)
5896:(1919–22)
5885:(1918–39)
5831:(1815–31)
5823:(1809–12)
5778:(1788–91)
5770:(1773–75)
5762:(1767–68)
5436:Chapter 3
5247:Third Way
5063:Contract
5048:Silesian
4895:Election
4841:Types of
2541:Centrolew
2282:Ombudsman
2246:Prezydium
2241:Prezydium
1981:Reichstag
1895:petitions
1753:required
1692:unanimity
1680:unanimity
1655:The 1573
1519:political
1484:in Poland
1432:Communes
1420:Counties
1316:Elections
1287:President
1252:Judiciary
1172:Executive
727:(Polish:
723:known as
691:bicameral
636:English:
618:Footnotes
532:Open-list
519:Elections
466:Health
268:Structure
60:10th term
6738:Zimbabwe
6708:Thailand
6688:Slovenia
6658:Paraguay
6543:Eswatini
6508:Colombia
6493:Cameroon
6488:Cambodia
6458:Barbados
6390:Pakistan
6370:Malaysia
6360:Ethiopia
6247:See also
4947:Notable
4824:See also
4616:Kukiz'15
4532:The Left
4239:Petition
3008:PSL "NW"
2276:and the
2078:May Coup
1900:voivodes
1867:deputies
1844:Painting
1704:: "free
1642:treasury
1633:szlachta
1602:and the
1413:marshals
1408:voivodes
893:Piotrków
795:monarchy
733:deputies
364:The Left
345:The Left
6888:Related
6829:Hungary
6806:Defunct
6763:Bermuda
6723:Uruguay
6673:Romania
6638:Namibia
6633:Myanmar
6628:Morocco
6618:Liberia
6613:Lesotho
6588:Jamaica
6573:Ireland
6558:Grenada
6483:Burundi
6478:Bolivia
6463:Belarus
6453:Bahrain
6448:Bahamas
6438:Algeria
6430:Unitary
6400:Somalia
6385:Nigeria
6340:Belgium
6335:Austria
6317:Federal
5388:16 June
5033:Grodno
4988:Repnin
4957:Silent
4381:Change
4366:Change
3608:Germans
2574:PSL "P"
2563:PSL "W"
2552:PSL "L"
2250:Marshal
2172:in the
2058:Zionist
2018:of 1919
1972:Landtag
1953:Galicia
1921:In the
1817:Germany
1767:Prussia
1515:History
1510:Economy
1234:Cabinet
1138:Marshal
1099:Marshal
963:at the
878:Łęczyca
836:History
782:), the
774:chamber
764:In the
753:speaker
689:of the
658:Polish:
600:Website
103:Founded
98:History
89:of the
6874:Sweden
6824:Guyana
6678:Rwanda
6668:Poland
6598:Jordan
6548:France
6473:Bhutan
6468:Belize
6395:Russia
6375:Mexico
6355:Canada
6350:Brazil
6255:Sejmik
6116:(1989)
5800:
5786:(1793)
5754:(1764)
5746:(1736)
5738:(1717)
5660:Poland
5322:
5313:
5304:
5288:
5279:
5270:
5261:
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5191:
5182:
5173:
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5124:Greens
5121:
5112:
5103:
5018:Great
4976:(1764)
4931:sejmik
4923:Sejmik
4776:Vacant
4347:Senate
4212:Health
3794:
3792:
3783:
3781:
3772:
3770:
3761:
3759:
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2293:Senate
2264:, the
2217:budget
2139:, 1931
2116:, the
1959:, the
1803:, the
1763:Russia
1640:, and
1638:budget
1424:powiat
1130:Senate
1106:PL2050
947:Great
923:, the
913:sejmik
784:Senate
721:Poland
713:Senate
679:Polish
594:Warsaw
404:
395:
386:
370:
361:
342:
332:PL2050
329:
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307:
257:,
235:,
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139:PL2050
137:,
112:1921 (
106:1493 (
6733:Yemen
6698:Spain
6653:Palau
6608:Kenya
6593:Japan
6578:Italy
6563:Haiti
6553:Gabon
6533:Egypt
6503:Chile
6410:Sudan
6380:Nepal
6365:India
5656:Sejms
5492:(PDF)
5266:(165)
5249:list.
5142:T!DPL
5108:(124)
5079:Notes
5073:1989)
5043:1791)
4967:1717)
4376:As of
4361:As of
3107:]
3089:]
2662:ChZJN
2437:cross
2380:Sejm'
2030:Sejm'
1883:civil
1702:Latin
1436:gmina
1336:Local
952:" or
925:Sejm'
905:Senat
869:wiece
744:poseł
391:(190)
312:(157)
302:(239)
273:Seats
18:Poseł
6996:Sejm
6859:Peru
6819:Fiji
6814:Cuba
6648:Oman
5590:2024
5565:2024
5540:2024
5390:2013
5282:ONRP
5275:(16)
5212:(18)
5178:(28)
5117:(10)
5065:Sejm
5050:Sejm
5035:Sejm
5020:Sejm
5005:Sejm
4990:Sejm
4974:Sejm
4959:Sejm
4949:sejm
4897:sejm
4882:sejm
4867:sejm
4852:sejm
4843:sejm
4814:100
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4289:2023
4146:194
4140:157
4129:2023
4116:235
4110:134
4096:2019
4083:235
4074:138
4063:2015
4053:157
4047:207
4030:2011
4020:166
4017:209
4000:2007
3987:155
3984:133
3964:2005
3939:216
3928:2001
3918:201
3903:164
3895:1997
3873:132
3870:171
3859:1993
3808:1991
3785:Konf
3763:K'15
3741:ZChN
3708:PPPP
3619:BBWR
3495:161
3486:173
3478:1989
3453:106
3450:245
3442:1985
3417:113
3414:261
3406:1980
3381:113
3378:261
3370:1976
3345:117
3342:255
3334:1972
3309:117
3306:255
3298:1969
3273:117
3270:255
3262:1965
3237:117
3234:256
3226:1961
3207:118
3204:239
3196:1957
3177:273
3169:1952
3144:109
3141:116
3138:114
3130:1947
3118:Znak
3100:PZKS
3082:ChSS
2975:PZPR
2931:164
2914:1938
2904:181
2893:1935
2880:249
2854:1930
2844:125
2803:1928
2793:163
2755:1922
2745:140
2707:1919
2673:BBWR
2452:Sejm
2435:Sejm
2396:Sejm
2378:The
2361:Sejm
2359:The
2329:Sejm
2325:Sejm
2305:Sejm
2301:Sejm
2291:The
2258:Sejm
2236:Sejm
2234:The
2225:Sejm
2213:Sejm
2211:The
2170:Sejm
2168:The
2156:Sejm
2137:Sejm
2097:Sejm
2093:Sejm
2086:Sejm
2069:Sejm
2062:Sejm
2050:Sejm
2046:Sejm
2016:Sejm
2003:Sejm
1986:Duma
1962:Sejm
1957:Sejm
1943:Sejm
1929:sejm
1903:and
1885:and
1879:Sejm
1840:Sejm
1806:Sejm
1799:Sejm
1775:Sejm
1765:and
1751:Sejm
1741:The
1736:Sejm
1722:Sejm
1718:Sejm
1714:Sejm
1710:Sejm
1706:veto
1671:and
1661:Sejm
1628:Sejm
1624:Sejm
1620:Sejm
1612:Sejm
1594:The
1091:Sejm
976:Sejm
956:Sejm
949:Sejm
901:Sejm
889:Sejm
882:Sejm
860:Sejm
803:Sejm
770:Sejm
631:Sejm
629:The
609:.gov
607:sejm
588:The
407:K'15
400:(18)
398:KWiN
347:(18)
338:(32)
325:(32)
80:Type
75:Type
5658:of
5327:(3)
5325:KKP
5318:(7)
5309:(8)
5284:(5)
5264:PiS
5231:(8)
5187:(3)
5185:CdP
5176:PSL
5153:(1)
5144:(2)
5135:(2)
5133:iPL
5126:(3)
4811:460
4761:100
4756:100
4743:459
4738:460
4439:156
4436:157
4403:190
4400:194
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4143:65
4137:26
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4104:49
4086:42
4080:28
4077:16
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4011:31
4008:53
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3975:55
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3831:62
3828:36
3822:48
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3816:60
3796:LPR
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3752:PiS
3697:AWS
3686:KLD
3593:PSL
3571:"S"
3556:SLD
3534:SRP
3498:10
3492:27
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3213:58
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3186:37
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3180:90
3159:12
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3071:PAX
3030:PSL
2986:PPS
2964:PPR
2943:PRL
2928:21
2925:18
2901:25
2883:63
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2871:21
2862:79
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4661:—
4637:—
4634:—
4631:4
4623:4
4620:—
4594:—
4591:—
4552:9
4549:9
4484:1
4447:1
4411:4
4342:)
4323:e
4316:t
4309:v
2660:/
1700:(
1583:e
1576:t
1569:v
1521:)
1517:(
1438:)
1434:(
1426:)
1422:(
1227:)
1223:(
1199:)
1197:I
1195:(
1153:)
1149:(
1108:)
1104:(
915:(
677:(
652:/
649:m
643:s
640:/
633:(
545:)
116:)
110:)
34:.
20:)
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