62:
5176:
5101:
4582:
5336:
5649:
5341:
5225:
5125:
5301:
5264:
5137:
4642:
4412:
5149:
5040:
4881:
5416:
4905:
4772:
4547:
5501:
5478:
5453:
4681:
5064:
4930:
4666:
4654:
2091:
5366:
4966:
4606:
4570:
4857:
4343:
5198:
5113:
4820:
4712:
5428:
5291:
5252:
4869:
1719:
5788:
5052:
5003:
591:
5015:
4845:
5590:
5563:
5076:
4991:
4618:
5783:
5186:
4893:
1856:
169:
157:
5778:
5676:
5613:
5391:
4796:
4760:
4630:
5536:
5524:
4748:
4594:
4942:
5699:
635:
4784:
4724:
4736:
5625:
5324:
4808:
1253:, German fighter ace in World War I, credited with thirteen victories. He was the third ace, after Max Immelmann and Oswald Boelcke, to earn Pour le Mérite. He fought in Gallipoli to fly the Halberstadt D.II and Fokker E.III with Ottoman FA 6 against the Royal Naval Air Service. The Turkish campaign was successful, with four confirmed victories and seven unconfirmed, and Buddecke was personally awarded the Gold Liakat Medal by Enver Pasha.
384:
4954:
5637:
537:
5753:
5726:
4700:
569:, though in most cases the recipients were still high-ranking officers (usually distinguished field commanders fitting the criteria above; the few lower ranking recipients of the oak leaves were mainly general staff officers responsible for planning a victorious battle or campaign). In early 1918, it was proposed to award the oak leaves to Germany's top
1511:, German officer. In May 1918 his battalion broke through the opposing line at Soissons. After capturing the notorious Chemin des Dames, he succeeded, with 10 soldiers, in capturing the bridge over the Aisne at Bourg intact. His troops took 1500 prisoners and captured 32 cannons. Later served in the Afrika Korps.
1340:
in 1918 for efforts of leading his battalion at the Somme and
Cambrai. Later Field Marshal and commander of Army Group North, Polish campaign, 1939. Commander Army Group B in conquest of Western Europe 1940. Commander Army Group Centre in Russia 1941. Commander Army Group South in Russian Ukraine and
494:
and the favoured language at
Frederick's court. The French name was retained, despite the rising tide of nationalism and increasing hostility between the French and Germans during the 19th century, and indeed many of its recipients were honoured for acts performed in wars against France. The insignia
306:
was awarded strictly as a recognition of extraordinary personal achievement, rather than as a general marker of social status or a courtesy-honour, although certain restrictions of social class and military rank were applied. The order was secular, and membership endured for the remaining lifetime of
691:
Recipients of the "Blue Max", a nickname of the order, were required to wear the award whenever in uniform. Although many of its famous recipients were junior officers, especially pilots, more than a third of all awards in World War I went to generals and admirals. Senior officer awards tended to be
1923:
During the era of
National Socialism in Germany (1933–45), the order was re-absorbed into the state honours system, and the list of its members was reviewed and revised according to the policies of the new government. A number of Jews and other perceived dissidents or "enemies" of the state were
555:
decreed that the award could be presented only to serving military officers. In March 1813, the King added an additional distinction, a spray of gilt oak leaves attached above the cross. Award of the oak leaves originally indicated extraordinary achievement in battle, and was usually reserved for
1948:
is awarded for achievements in the arts and sciences. Active membership is limited to 40 German citizens, ten each in the fields of humanities, natural science, and medicine and the arts. Honorary membership can be conferred on foreigners, again to the limit of 40. When a vacancy occurs, the
1924:
deprived of their awards by the Nazi regime. They included
Einstein (who resigned his membership in the order in 1933, and refused invitations to renew it after the war), Kollwitz, and Barlach. Such actions were later repudiated by both the order and the postwar German government.
679:
The number of aerial victories necessary to receive the award continued to increase during the war; by early 1917, it generally required destroying 16–20 enemy airplanes, and by war's end the approximate figure was 30. However, other aviation recipients included
587:, 3rd Class with Crown and Swords. This was still a high honour, as the 3rd Class was normally awarded to colonels and lieutenant colonels, and von Richthofen's award was one of only two of the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords during World War I.
755:'s abdication as king of Prussia and German Emperor on 9 November 1918. This marked the end of the Prussian monarchy and it was never awarded thereafter; however the honour continued to be recognized for, and worn by, previous recipients.
521:) written in gold letters on the body of the cross. The ribbon was black with edge stripes of silver-white. The order consisted of only one class, both civil and military, until 1810. Only a few civilians were honored:
5652:
2327:, founded in 1955. Like the Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts, this was in a sense a revival of an earlier imperial award, in this case the Austro-Hungarian Decoration of Honor for Art and Science (
4535:
985:, known as "Moltke the Elder"; first decorated in 1839 as a junior officer; he received the oak leaves in 1871 and the Grand Cross in March 1879. Also inducted into the civil class of the order in 1874.
3435:
256:
4763:
607:
class of the award was established. This grade of the award was given to those who, through their actions, caused the retreat or destruction of an army. There were only five recipients of the
5616:
5825:
4331:
4528:
4513:
4309:
1958:
3387:
1935:, – now as an independent organization with state recognition and the President of the German Federal Republic as Protector of the Order. However, unlike the somewhat similar
4521:
2324:
6006:
4347:
2917:
5628:
4811:
6001:
3701:
764:
5818:
4823:
4324:
3428:
2771:
1659:, Naval observer and later a fighter pilot who claimed 32 victories in World War I. He also scored six victories in World War II and became an air force general.
4908:
1905:
and sciences did not come to an end. The members re-established their order as an autonomous organization, with revised rules and processes for nomination.
2350:
Other countries also may recognize accomplishments in the arts and sciences, but with more general orders also awarded for accomplishments in other fields.
5834:
4551:
2331:), which existed from 1887 to 1918. Unlike the German award, however, the design of the modern Austrian award is unlike that of its imperial predecessor.
6056:
6051:
5811:
4317:
4543:
3362:
4339:
3743:
5859:
2616:
2489:
6036:
5640:
3762:
1876:
Chancellor of the Order of Merit with powers to recommend candidates to this new civil class of the Order Pour le Mérite for
Sciences and Arts (
5327:
4645:
4391:
4295:
3971:
3647:
3517:
2272:
Besides
Prussia, several other states of the former German Empire also conferred similar awards for the arts and sciences. These included the
1060:, German flying ace with 15 aerial victories, one of the first aviator recipients along with Oswald Boelcke and namesake of the "Blue Max" and
5975:
5959:
5419:
4799:
3113:
2344:
2277:
1563:
820:
3383:
Karl Bruhns (Ed) Life of
Alexander Von Humboldt, Vol.I. 1872. p.282, in German. Translated to English in 1873 by Jane and Caroline Lassell.
695:
Junior officers (army captains and lieutenants and their navy equivalents) accounted for only about a fourth of all awards. Several famous
3624:
Der Preußische Ordens-Herold: Zusammenstellung sämmtlicher
Urkunden, Statuten und Verordnungen über die preußischen Orden und Ehrenzeichen
2826:
2983:
2370:
for outstanding accomplishments in the arts and sciences, and may award its Civil
Decoration for lesser accomplishments in these fields.
6016:
5941:
3384:
2307:
A number of other countries have founded similar high civic honors for accomplishments in the arts and sciences. The sovereign of the
1438:
583:
without oak leaves in
January 1917). Instead of the oak leaves Prussia awarded von Richthofen a slightly less prestigious honor, the
1786:
Men and women who through widespread recognition for their contributions to science and art have made an eminent name for themselves
652:. Although it could be awarded to any military officer, its most famous recipients were the pilots of the German Army Air Service (
5923:
5912:
448:
6021:
6011:
3323:
1082:, decorated as an ace pilot in June 1918 finishing World War I with 22 air victories and later the third and final commander of
919:
420:
5929:
5104:
3736:
5882:
3878:
3611:
3511:
3470:
3412:
2806:
2683:
2645:
2610:
2523:
2483:
4945:
4199:
3476:
5953:
4775:
4585:
4366:
3776:
427:
1091:, better known as the "Red Baron", the top-scoring ace of World War I with 80 aerial victories and the first commander of
6031:
6026:
5278:
5239:
5043:
4207:
4075:
3898:
3598:
1994:
1382:
620:
4933:
1607:
700:
5539:
5255:
4502:
4472:
2884:
2577:
2289:
1986:
1892:. When a vacancy occurred the Academy of Arts and Sciences nominated three candidates, one of whom the king appointed.
1301:
61:
5175:
5100:
2765:
401:
4271:
4043:
4019:
3729:
3170:
2316:
559:
The original regulations called for the capture or successful defence of a fortification, or victory in a battle. By
467:
434:
3542:
5756:
5729:
5663:
5267:
5152:
4787:
2547:
925:
552:
2358:
is an example of a decoration often conferred for accomplishment in many fields, including the arts and sciences.
2175:
1313:
946:, Napoleonic-era Prussian general (later field marshal); first decorated in 1807, received the oak leaves in 1814.
928:, Napoleonic-era Prussian general (later field marshal); first decorated in 1807, received the oak leaves in 1814.
894:
5947:
5228:
5212:
5128:
4159:
1869:
1805:
1580:
commander; one of only two junior officers to receive the highest military honors of the five main German states.
1570:
commander; one of only two junior officers to receive the highest military honors of the five main German states.
806:
672:
were the first airmen to receive the award, on 12 January 1916. It was awarded to Germany's highest-scoring ace,
318:
1505:, Company Commander of Jäger-Bataillon Number 10 and a Generalleutnant in World War II. Awarded in October 1918.
416:
4727:
4581:
4436:
4255:
4247:
4125:
4008:
3175:
3118:
2922:
2889:
1432:
1092:
1083:
858:
405:
17:
5067:
2211:
1243:, Ace pilot credited with shooting down 21 aircraft and 18 observation balloons. He was Germany's second best
1018:, Prussian minister president and German chancellor during the unification period; decorated in 1884 with the
310:
New awards of the military class ceased with the end of the Prussian monarchy in November 1918. German author
5900:
5335:
5224:
5124:
4994:
4451:
4279:
3358:
2336:
616:
6061:
5803:
5163:
5140:
4715:
4609:
4487:
4376:
4183:
4111:
3992:
3931:
3915:
3753:
2388:
2367:
2021:
1685:, the first U-boat to sink an enemy ship using a self-propelled locomotive torpedo. Awarded on 5 June 1915.
1070:, German flying ace with 40 aerial victories, one of the first aviator recipients along with Max Immelmann.
988:
982:
775:
628:
5648:
5340:
2979:
Versuch einer KriegsGeschichte des Grafen Alexander Suworow Rymnikski Russl: Kayserl: General FeldMarschal
2600:
1230:
6046:
5917:
5702:
5566:
5055:
4860:
4621:
4381:
4191:
3983:
3939:
3792:
2473:
937:
868:
359:
290:
198:
5300:
5263:
5456:
5431:
4467:
4167:
4000:
3854:
2363:
1514:
1188:
789:
752:
4641:
4223:
577:, but he was deemed ineligible under a strict reading of the regulations (he had already received his
5740:
5369:
4492:
4482:
4051:
3947:
972:
795:
612:
5136:
4919:
3498:
2053:
1895:
In November 1918 the Kingdom of Prussia came to an end, and with it that state's sponsorship of the
1517:, German colonel, for victories in two Jordan battles in March and May 1918 against British troops.
5894:
5550:
5527:
5313:
5201:
5148:
4751:
4573:
4411:
4361:
4263:
4239:
4215:
4027:
3886:
3784:
3547:
2973:
2219:
2167:
1527:
1397:, German general who served as adviser and commander of Ottoman forces in World War I; awarded the
282:
219:
2413:
31:
6041:
5935:
5888:
5490:
5442:
5394:
5079:
5039:
4446:
4118:
3923:
1990:
1374:
1182:
998:
913:
846:
522:
487:
441:
394:
5415:
4880:
1076:, German flying ace with 20 victories, one of the first German Jewish recipients in World War I.
297:. The order of merit was the highest royal Prussian order of bravery for officers of all ranks.
5906:
5713:
5577:
5344:
4904:
4848:
4597:
4371:
3578:
2822:
2242:
2049:
1970:
1901:. However, unlike the military class of the order, the class of the order for achievements in
1873:
1668:
1435:, Chief of the German General Staff at the outbreak of World War I. Nephew of Moltke the Elder.
1394:
1088:
897:, awarded on 4 June 1789, Napoleonic-era Prussian field marshal who led Prussian forces at the
810:
673:
624:
584:
574:
496:
286:
4929:
4771:
3706:
3652:
2977:
2355:
2080:
2041:
5602:
5500:
5477:
5467:
5452:
5018:
4884:
4703:
4231:
3838:
3830:
3622:
2297:
2108:
1650:
1508:
1250:
1098:
358:
is still an order into which a person is admitted into membership, like the United Kingdom's
5063:
4680:
2700:
2203:
1492:
1179:, high-ranking German ace with 44 victories, Was shot to death by German communists in 1920.
5355:
5090:
5029:
5006:
4441:
4151:
2518:(7th ed.). Berlin, Mannheim: Dudenverlag, Institut für Deutsche Sprache. p. 698.
2207:
1974:
1936:
1420:
1344:
1164:
1158:
1140:
1033:
943:
335:
317:
A civil class for merits in sciences, humanities, and arts was established in 1842 by King
4665:
4653:
2435:
2151:
1368:
8:
5365:
2045:
2037:
1599:
1404:
1325:
1273:
1240:
1002:
888:
878:
862:
840:
832:
685:
526:
272:
4965:
4605:
4569:
3721:
3675:
2378:
Only a small number of persons have received both the military and civil classes of the
2090:
653:
5767:
5380:
4980:
4856:
4689:
4497:
4342:
4059:
3955:
3554:
2308:
2273:
2057:
1573:
1537:
1502:
1410:
1328:, decorated as a major in June 1918 and later a Field Marshal General in the Wehrmacht.
1206:
898:
872:
824:
814:
785:
294:
5197:
4819:
4711:
3313:
2602:
African Kaiser: General Paul Von Lettow-Vorbeck and the Great War in Africa, 1914–1918
1583:
940:, Napoleonic-era Prussian general (later field marshal); also received the oak leaves.
5874:
5838:
4834:
3607:
3507:
3466:
3408:
2802:
2679:
2606:
2519:
2479:
2394:
2250:
2231:
2159:
2135:
2072:
1982:
1818:
1682:
1633:
1619:
1595:
1577:
1567:
1551:
1118:
1015:
949:
903:
724:
714:
710:
704:
5427:
5290:
5251:
5112:
3587:
3572:
2084:
1913:
1718:
1295:
1079:
4896:
4868:
4739:
4083:
3979:
3894:
3870:
3862:
3822:
2400:
2227:
2094:
1557:
1444:
1414:
1356:
1285:
952:, Napoleonic-era Prussian general and Minister of War; simultaneously received the
931:
813:
with the 18th Prussian Infantry Regiment (von Derschau) for his actions during the
664:
pilot was initially entitled to the award upon downing eight enemy aircraft. Aces
661:
504:
367:
339:
5014:
4844:
3496:
2637:
1224:
590:
5791:
5513:
5405:
5051:
5002:
4990:
4957:
4657:
4396:
4091:
3963:
3811:
3460:
3391:
2675:
2285:
2155:
2143:
2076:
2068:
2029:
2009:
1998:
1909:
1885:
1547:
1468:
1176:
1101:, German flying ace with 40 victories. Younger brother of Manfred Von Richthofen.
1027:
976:
961:
518:
260:
228:
82:
72:
5787:
2254:
1480:
1218:
311:
5869:
5846:
5675:
5612:
5589:
5562:
5390:
5075:
4795:
4759:
4617:
4132:
4104:
4099:
2312:
2246:
2199:
2187:
2183:
2127:
2116:
2033:
2017:
2013:
1656:
1331:
1244:
1234:
1212:
1194:
1170:
1152:
1127:, fourth-highest-scoring German ace of World War I, credited with 48 victories.
1073:
1067:
1061:
1042:
with Oak leaves for his services as Allied Supreme Commander in China 1900–1901
836:
692:
more for outstanding leadership in combat than for individual acts of bravery.
669:
314:, who died in 1998, was the last living recipient of the military class award.
268:
5535:
5523:
5185:
4892:
3361:(in German). Orden Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste. 31 May 1842.
1939:(Federal Cross of Merit), also established by Heuss, it is not a state order.
1200:
5995:
5688:
5189:
4969:
4747:
4669:
4629:
4546:
4401:
4067:
4035:
3907:
2131:
2025:
1932:
1917:
1855:
1662:
1641:
1541:
1531:
1146:
1136:
1057:
965:
907:
730:
665:
491:
168:
156:
5833:
5782:
4941:
3676:
Pour le Mérite, Grand Cross Star (Orden Pour le Mérite, Stern zum Großkreuz)
2569:
5777:
5116:
4872:
4593:
3846:
3803:
3179:(in German), vol. 52, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 447–458
2893:(in German), vol. 41, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 410–413
2419:
2238:
2179:
2163:
1928:
1688:
1678:
1627:
1456:
1378:
1263:
1215:, German fighter ace, with 35 confirmed victories as lieutenant (reserve).
1133:, German flying ace with 48 victories. His total tied him with Werner Voss.
1130:
1030:, Prussian general, decorated in 1871 for merit in the Franco-Prussian War.
803:
720:
508:
281:
was awarded as both a military and civil honour and ranked, along with the
3551:(in German), vol. 13, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 251–252
3122:(in German), vol. 9, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 280–293
2926:(in German), vol. 34, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 94–101
4783:
4477:
4287:
3318:
2511:
2261:
2223:
2215:
2195:
2191:
2171:
2139:
2002:
1978:
1417:. Awarded 21 September 1916 (Somme); oak leaves on 24 April 1917 (Arras).
1124:
1112:
1024:
with oak leaves. Also inducted into the civil class of the order in 1896.
649:
634:
560:
4735:
4723:
2539:
5624:
4431:
4426:
2120:
2061:
1881:
1108:
1104:
657:
570:
408: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5698:
5323:
4807:
2767:
Ritterorden und Ehrenzeichen, erläutert durch die vorhandenen Urkunden
1403:
and the oak leaves simultaneously in January 1916 for his role in the
321:. The civil class was revived as an independent organization in 1923 (
3592:(in German). Vol. 2. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn.
3150:
3138:
3126:
3069:
2147:
2112:
1908:
The awarding of new memberships resumed in 1923. Recipients included
1889:
1587:
3681:
3255:
3207:
3045:
3021:
1829:
1616:
in the autumn of 1916 for sinking 200,000 tonnes of Allied shipping.
1483:, Army Lieutenant and later novelist, the last living holder of the
1121:, third-highest-scoring German ace of World War I with 54 victories.
383:
3093:
3081:
3057:
3033:
2997:
1902:
1423:, German general (later field marshal) of World War I; awarded the
1347:, Chief of the German General Staff from 1914 to 1916; awarded the
1276:, German field marshal and later President of Germany; awarded the
1185:, World War I ace with 28 victories and World War II field marshal.
1139:, the first military aviator ever to down an enemy aircraft with a
681:
530:
5636:
4953:
3506:(in German). Vol. 2. Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag. p. 116.
3294:
3267:
3243:
3195:
3183:
3009:
2329:Österreichisch-Ungarisches Ehrenzeichen für Kunst und Wissenschaft
1610:, German U-boat commander during the First World War, awarded the
1586:, captain of the famous German commerce raider, the light cruiser
1191:, better known as the "Black Knight", destroyed 35 enemy aircraft.
615:
in 1866, Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia (later Emperor
342:, the civil class was re-established in 1952. This version of the
5851:
4559:
3385:
in the Public Domain via Library of Congress Accessed Dec 28,2021
3231:
2954:
2942:
2359:
2320:
968:
828:
799:
563:, the oak leaves often indicated a second or higher award of the
5481:
Saxe-Ernestine House Order (2006: Saxe-Coburg-Gotha House Order)
3219:
2930:
2897:
2864:
2852:
2733:
2721:
2709:
1371:, German colonel and artillery officer in von Hutier's 8th Army.
1294:
in August 1914, one of the earliest World War I awards, for the
934:, Napoleonic-era Prussian general; also received the oak leaves.
922:, Napoleonic-era Prussian general; also received the oak leaves.
871:. Major General. Cavalry. In October 1756 for actions at the
536:
5752:
5725:
3648:"Rede: Abendessen für die Mitglieder des Ordens Pour le mérite"
2840:
2351:
2340:
2332:
1637:
1623:
809:, heir to the throne of Prussia, awarded on 11 June 1742, as a
749:
696:
1959:
List of recipients of the Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts
1653:, German Vice Admiral serving in the Black Sea in World War I.
684:
commanders, bomber and observation aircrews, and at least one
4699:
2339:
for significant contributions to the arts and literature. In
1550:, German admiral and commander of German naval forces in the
500:
363:
1233:, flying ace with 28 confirmed victories, was Germany's top
991:, Prussian general (later field marshal) decorated with the
638:"The Red Baron" Manfred von Richthofen wears "the Blue Max."
3497:
Orden Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste (1978).
1671:, decorated as Naval Pilot with 13 victories and 8 shared,
1441:, German officer in the Near East campaigns of World War I.
758:
3751:
2702:
The Book of Orders of Knighthood and Decorations of Honor
2455:
2453:
3600:
Pour le Mérite, Über die Sichtbarmachung von Verdiensten
1952:
1499:
in December 1917, later a field marshal in World War II.
1036:, German field marshal, decorated August 1901 with the
3465:(in German). Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. p. 93.
3462:
Politische Geschichte der Gegenwart: 18. Das Jahr 1884
2745:
2450:
1282:
in September 1914 and the oak leaves in February 1915.
765:
List of the Pour le Mérite (military class) recipients
503:
between the arms (which is based on the symbol of the
3777:
Argentine Nation to the Heroic Valour in Combat Cross
2472:
Hildebrand, Karl-Friedrich; Zweng, Christian (1998).
2325:
Austrian Decoration of Honor for Science and the Arts
1993:. Foreign recipients in the "class of 1842" included
4552:
Orders, decorations, and medals of the German Empire
2267:
1391:
in November 1916 and the oak leaves in October 1917.
1298:, Belgium; received the oak leaves in February 1915.
3646:
3540:
3290:. No. 36529. London. 9 August 1901. p. 3.
3168:
2915:
2882:
2509:
1471:, German staff officer in World War I; awarded the
1365:
in September 1917 and the oak leaves in March 1918.
1322:
in August 1915 and the oak leaves in February 1918.
1310:
in August 1915 and the oak leaves in December 1916.
1237:
of World War I with 20 observer balloons shot down.
3346:Disaster at Moscow: Von Bock's Campaigns 1941–1942
2918:Seydlitz-Kurtzbach, Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von
2067:New members of the revised order in 1923 included
1963:Among famous recipients of the civil class of the
1878:Orden Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste
551:In January 1810, during the Napoleonic wars, King
6007:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
5860:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
2347:Medal has been established for the same purpose.
1429:in November 1914 and the oak leaves in June 1915.
1353:in February 1915 and the oak leaves in June 1915.
5993:
3702:"Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and the Arts"
3680:
3407:. New York: The Macmillan Company. p. 171.
2302:Lippische Rose, Orden für Kunst und Wissenschaft
1477:in May 1915 and the oak leaves in November 1915.
1465:in October 1916 and the oak leaves in July 1917.
3763:List of highest military decorations by country
3359:"Stiftungsurkunde vom 31. Mai 1842 (Amtsdruck)"
2471:
1927:In 1952, the order was re-established again in
1413:, World War I master-strategist; expert in the
6002:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
5328:House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis
4646:Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)
4392:Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)
4296:Hero of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
3589:Die Ritter des Ordens pour le mérite 1812–1913
3574:Die Ritter des Ordens pour le mérite 1740–1811
3111:
2825:. Lebendiges Museum Online. 8 September 2016.
2562:
5976:Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art
5819:
5420:Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
4800:Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art
4529:
4325:
3737:
3402:
2796:
2373:
1564:Nikolaus Burggraf und Graf zu Dohna-Schlodien
1288:, German general of World War I; awarded the
1046:
821:Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix
656:), whose exploits were celebrated in wartime
4060:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword
3429:"Orden Pour le mérite wählt neue Mitglieder"
2668:La grande storia della prima guerra mondiale
2379:
2098:
1964:
1943:
1896:
1703:
1611:
1484:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1447:, German General of the Cavalry awarded the
1424:
1398:
1386:
1360:
1348:
1335:
1317:
1305:
1289:
1277:
1037:
1019:
992:
953:
882:
850:
779:
743:
734:
643:
595:
578:
564:
541:
512:
481:
352:
344:
328:
323:
307:the recipient, unless renounced or revoked.
301:
276:
208:
173:
161:
46:
2282:Maximiliansorden für Kunst und Wissenschaft
1604:, a sailing ship used as a commerce raider.
1592:during the first few months of World War I.
1197:, fighter ace, with 39 confirmed victories.
784:in 1741 by Frederick II for actions during
293:, among the highest orders of merit in the
233:
27:Kingdom of Prussia's highest order of merit
6057:Orders, decorations, and medals of Prussia
6052:Military awards and decorations of Prussia
5826:
5812:
4536:
4522:
4332:
4318:
3744:
3730:
2705:. London: Hurst and Blackett. p. 202.
1969:in the first group of awards in 1842 were
1203:, fighter ace with 43 confirmed victories.
495:of the military award was a blue-enameled
60:
4348:Orders, decorations and medals of Prussia
4272:Order of the Karađorđe's Star with Swords
3620:
3405:Orders and Decorations of Europe in Color
2300:'s Lippe Rose Order for Art and Science (
2294:Verdienstorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst
1949:remaining members select a new inductee.
1665:, German U-boat commander of World War I.
1439:Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein
887:in 1762 when he withdrew Russia from the
468:Learn how and when to remove this message
3596:
3585:
3300:
3273:
3261:
3249:
3237:
3225:
3213:
3201:
3189:
3156:
3144:
3132:
3099:
3075:
3051:
3027:
2751:
2089:
1383:guerrilla campaign in German East Africa
1209:, Commanding General of the Air Service.
759:Notable recipients of the military class
633:
589:
535:
490:. It was named in French, which was the
6037:Civil awards and decorations of Germany
3570:
3087:
3063:
3039:
3015:
3003:
2972:
2960:
2948:
2936:
2903:
2870:
2858:
2846:
2739:
2727:
2715:
2665:
2532:
2459:
2403:, military class 1916, civil class 1924
2397:, military class 1884, civil class 1896
2391:, military class 1839, civil class 1874
334:). Instead of the King of Prussia, the
14:
5994:
3682:"Aktuell / Mitteilungen aus dem Orden"
3458:
3365:from the original on 14 September 2018
3322:(in German). Hamburg. 21 August 1978.
2763:
1227:, German flying ace with 40 victories.
1221:, German flying ace with 25 victories.
1173:, German flying ace with 33 victories.
1167:, German flying ace with 33 victories.
1161:, German flying ace with 31 victories.
1155:, German flying ace with 36 victories.
1149:, German flying ace with 44 victories.
338:acted as head of the order. After the
5807:
4517:
4313:
3725:
3606:(in German). Sigmaringen: Thorbecke.
2792:
2790:
2788:
2698:
2598:
1953:Notable recipients of the civil class
1931:with assistance of Federal President
1640:commander who sank the British liner
1270:in December 1917 for service in Italy
227:
218:
5679:Order of the Cross of Honour (Lippe)
5617:Order of the Cross of Honour (Lippe)
4776:Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown
4586:Order of Merit of the Prussian Crown
4367:Order of Merit of the Prussian Crown
4020:Order of the White Eagle with swords
3326:from the original on 29 January 2018
3114:Gneisenau, August Graf Neidhardt von
2475:Die Ritter des Ordens Pour Le Mérite
2278:Maximilian Order for Art and Science
2264:laureates were member of the order.
1459:, German staff officer; awarded the
1377:, German general who led the German
1316:, German field marshal; awarded the
1304:, German field marshal; awarded the
1143:. Credited with 22 aerial victories.
920:Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow
406:adding citations to reliable sources
377:
5044:Military Karl-Friedrich Merit Order
3500:Die Mitglieder des Ordens 1882–1952
2982:. Vol. 3. Gotha. p. 171.
1626:Ace and later staff officer in the
1051:
621:Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia
24:
5540:Order of Merit for Science and Art
5294:Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg)
5256:Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg)
4946:Military Merit Order (Württemberg)
4503:Cross of Merit for Women and Girls
3686:ORDEN POUR LE MÉRITE (civil class)
3640:
3579:Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn
3577:(in German). Vol. 1. Berlin:
2785:
2570:"1740 Pour le Mérite – Blauer Max"
2550:from the original on 22 March 2009
2290:Order of Merit for Science and Art
2107:Among those inducted in 1952 were
1987:Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
1302:Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria
979:, received the oak leaves in 1831.
916:, Napoleonic-era Prussian general.
25:
6073:
6017:1918 disestablishments in Prussia
3669:
3396:
2638:"Pour le Merite | Prussian honor"
2436:German-language Knowledge version
2317:Order of the Companions of Honour
2268:Similar orders in other countries
1489:at the time of his death in 1998.
827:, awarded on 6 January 1746 as a
648:gained international fame during
609:Grand Cross of the Pour le Mérite
373:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5757:Princely Schwarzburg Honor Cross
5751:
5730:Princely Schwarzburg Honor Cross
5724:
5697:
5674:
5647:
5635:
5623:
5611:
5588:
5561:
5534:
5522:
5499:
5476:
5451:
5426:
5414:
5389:
5364:
5339:
5334:
5322:
5304:House Order of the Wendish Crown
5299:
5289:
5268:House Order of the Wendish Crown
5262:
5250:
5223:
5196:
5184:
5174:
5147:
5135:
5123:
5111:
5099:
5074:
5062:
5050:
5038:
5013:
5001:
4989:
4964:
4952:
4940:
4934:Order of the Crown (Württemberg)
4928:
4903:
4891:
4879:
4867:
4855:
4843:
4818:
4806:
4794:
4788:Order of Saint Michael (Bavaria)
4782:
4770:
4758:
4746:
4734:
4722:
4710:
4698:
4679:
4664:
4652:
4640:
4628:
4616:
4604:
4592:
4580:
4568:
4545:
4410:
4341:
4208:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
3348:, University of New Mexico Press
2799:Early German Aces of World War I
2580:from the original on 17 May 2022
2516:Duden – Das Aussprachewörterbuch
1854:
1717:
1608:Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière
1433:Helmuth Johann Ludwig von Moltke
1107:, second-highest-scoring German
938:Ludwig Graf Yorck von Wartenburg
926:Karl Friedrich von dem Knesebeck
701:Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière
382:
248:), also informally known as the
167:
155:
5835:Orders, decorations, and medals
5229:Order of Philip the Magnanimous
5129:Order of Philip the Magnanimous
4160:Military Order of Maria Theresa
4044:Laureate Cross of St. Ferdinand
3564:
3534:
3523:from the original on 2018-06-22
3490:
3479:from the original on 2023-12-11
3452:
3441:from the original on 2023-03-21
3421:
3377:
3351:
3338:
3306:
3279:
3162:
3105:
2986:from the original on 2023-06-28
2966:
2909:
2876:
2829:from the original on 2014-04-15
2815:
2774:from the original on 2018-09-13
2757:
2648:from the original on 2017-08-14
2619:from the original on 2023-06-28
2492:from the original on 2023-06-28
1942:The revived civil order of the
1870:Frederick William IV of Prussia
1806:Frederick William IV of Prussia
1009:
1001:and the oak leaves in the 1866
975:; decorated in 1814 during the
769:
393:needs additional citations for
114:between 7 June and 15 June 1740
6022:1923 establishments in Germany
6012:1740 establishments in Prussia
5179:House Order of the Golden Lion
5105:House Order of the Golden Lion
4728:Military Merit Order (Bavaria)
4248:Castle of Good Hope Decoration
4009:Hero of the Russian Federation
3176:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
3119:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
2923:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
2890:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
2692:
2659:
2630:
2592:
2510:Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf;
2503:
2465:
1995:François-René de Chateaubriand
1695:
1521:
1257:
932:Karl Wilhelm Georg von Grolman
859:Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz
835:on the battlefield during the
802:and later Hofmarschall to the
748:became extinct as a result of
492:leading international language
93:Military personnel (1740–1918)
13:
1:
5913:Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
5603:Principality of Lippe-Detmold
3754:military awards for gallantry
3169:Poten, Bernhard von (1906), "
2974:Anthing, Johann Friedrich von
2916:Poten, Bernhard von (1892), "
2883:Poten, Bernhard von (1896), "
2427:
2337:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
2176:Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker
1584:Karl Friedrich Max von Müller
1359:, German general awarded the
1314:Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg
910:, awarded on 28 December 1794
778:. Prussian general, awarded
330:für Wissenschaften und Künste
5141:Order of the Star of Brabant
4716:Military Order of Max Joseph
4488:Cross of the Mount of Olives
4256:Vietnam Military Merit Medal
4184:Military Order of Max Joseph
3993:Order of the Tower and Sword
3932:Gold Medal of Military Valor
3916:Military Medal for Gallantry
3541:Meier-Welcker, Hans (1982),
3403:Hieronymussen, Paul (1967).
3314:"Rommel: Ende einer Legende"
3159:, p. 342, III No. 2292.
3147:, p. 260, III No. 1654.
3135:, p. 211, III No. 1372.
3078:, p. 166, III No. 1226.
2823:"Der Orden "Pour le Mérite""
2797:van Wyngarden, Greg (2006).
2764:Gelbke, Carl H. von (1834).
2699:Burke, Bernard, ed. (1858).
2478:. Osnabrück: Biblio-Verlag.
2389:Helmuth von Moltke the Elder
2237:More recent recipients were
2022:William Thomson, Lord Kelvin
1880:), with the three sections:
1849:31 May 1842 (separate class)
1778:Domestic and foreign persons
1740:31 May 1842 (separate class)
989:Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal
891:and made peace with Prussia.
776:Henning Alexander von Kleist
603:In 1866, a special military
486:was founded in 1740 by King
273:King Frederick II of Prussia
7:
5703:Princely Reuss Honour Cross
5593:House Order of Hohenzollern
5567:House Order of Hohenzollern
5068:Order of the Zähringer Lion
5056:Order of Berthold the First
4861:Military Order of St. Henry
4764:Royal Order of Saint George
4622:House Order of Hohenzollern
4382:House Order of Hohenzollern
4192:Military Order of St. Henry
3940:Seri Pahlawan Gagah Perkasa
3793:National Hero of Azerbaijan
3264:, p. 592, VII No. 248.
3216:, p. 586, VII No. 162.
3090:, p. 492, III No. 217.
3066:, p. 447, III No. 117.
3054:, p. 137, III No. 988.
3042:, p. 462, III No. 143.
3030:, p. 105, III No. 851.
3006:, p. 441, III No. 108.
2674:] (in Italian). Milan:
2434:Includes material from the
2407:
2212:Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
1544:, decorated in August 1915.
869:Charles-Emmanuel de Warnery
861:, awarded 1757, during the
360:Order of the British Empire
350:is still active today. The
291:House Order of Hohenzollern
199:House Order of Hohenzollern
10:
6078:
6032:Awards established in 1923
6027:Awards established in 1740
5653:Order of the Rose of Lippe
5504:Saxe-Ernestine House Order
5468:Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
5457:Saxe-Ernestine House Order
5432:Order of Adolphe of Nassau
4677:
4001:Order of Michael the Brave
3980:War Order Virtuti Militari
3879:Cross of Honour for Valour
3344:Turney, Alfred W. (1970),
3102:, p. 90, III No. 790.
3018:, p. 261, II No. 387.
2374:Recipients of both classes
2008:Later recipients included
1956:
1534:, decorated in March 1916.
1515:Alexander von Falkenhausen
1189:Eduard Ritter von Schleich
1047:1914 to 1918 (World War I)
790:War of Austrian Succession
762:
119:1810 (pure military class)
29:
5968:
5868:
5845:
5766:
5743:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
5739:
5712:
5687:
5662:
5601:
5576:
5549:
5512:
5489:
5466:
5441:
5404:
5379:
5370:Order of the White Falcon
5354:
5312:
5277:
5238:
5211:
5162:
5089:
5028:
4979:
4918:
4833:
4688:
4558:
4460:
4419:
4408:
4354:
4243:(Second Spanish Republic)
4144:
4052:Parama Weera Vibhushanaya
3948:Military Order of William
3769:
3760:
3656:(in German). 22 June 2022
3586:Lehmann, Gustaf (1913a).
3303:, p. 569, VI No. 10.
3276:, p. 511, V No. 201.
3252:, p. 559, V No. 305.
3204:, p. 557, V No. 302.
3192:, p. 517, V No. 214.
2963:, p. 200, II No. 82.
2951:, p. 102, I No. 591.
2885:Wedell, Karl Heinrich von
2801:. Osprey Publishing Ltd.
2126:Later recipients include
1853:
1845:
1840:
1824:
1814:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1774:
1754:
1733:
1725:
1716:
1702:
1231:Friedrich Ritter von Röth
1034:Alfred Graf von Waldersee
973:Prime Minister of Prussia
796:Isaac de Forcade de Biaix
194:
189:
185:
154:
150:
142:
134:
126:
105:
97:
89:
78:
68:
59:
44:
5629:Order of Leopold (Lippe)
5553:Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
5528:Order of Albert the Bear
5314:Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
5202:Order of the Iron Helmet
5153:General Honor Decoration
4812:Order of Louis (Bavaria)
4752:Order of Saint Elizabeth
4574:Order of the Black Eagle
4473:General Honor Decoration
4362:Order of the Black Eagle
4264:Hero of the Soviet Union
4240:Laureate Plate of Madrid
4216:Order of the Golden Kite
4203:(Kingdom of Württemberg)
4028:Order of the Somali Star
3785:National Hero of Armenia
3621:Hoeftmann, F.W. (1868).
3597:Fuhrmann, Horst (1992).
3571:Lehmann, Gustaf (1913).
3548:Neue Deutsche Biographie
3459:Müller, Wilhelm (2013).
3240:, p. 467, V No. 71.
3171:Moltke, Helmuth Graf von
3112:Meerheimb, von (1879), "
2939:, p. 49, I No. 356.
2906:, p. 45, I No. 317.
2873:, p. 34, I Nr. 245.
2861:, p. 18, I Nr. 113.
2742:, p. 43, I No. 310.
2730:, p. 36, I No. 251.
2718:, p. 35, I No. 249.
2666:Gilbert, Martin (1983).
2443:
2220:Hans Magnus Enzensberger
2168:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
1528:Henning von Holtzendorff
1141:synchronized machine gun
660:. In aerial warfare, a
283:Order of the Black Eagle
220:[puːɐ̯ləmeˈʁiːt]
180:Ribbon bars of the order
5491:Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
5443:Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
5395:Order of Henry the Lion
5080:House Order of Fidelity
4447:Merit Cross for War Aid
4275:(Kingdom of Yugoslavia)
3984:Order Krzyża Wojskowego
3286:"Count von Waldersee".
3228:, p. 442, V No. 9.
2849:, p. 17, I No. 98.
2642:Encyclopædia Britannica
1991:August Wilhelm Schlegel
1860:Ribbon bar of the order
1375:Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck
1183:Robert Ritter von Greim
983:Helmuth Graf von Moltke
914:Gerhard von Scharnhorst
847:Carl Heinrich von Wedel
839:, the victory of which
831:for his actions in the
629:Helmuth Graf von Moltke
556:high-ranking officers.
523:Pierre Louis Maupertuis
488:Frederick II of Prussia
271:established in 1740 by
5924:North Rhine-Westphalia
5716:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
5580:Hohenzollern-Hechingen
5345:Friedrich-August Cross
4920:Kingdom of Württemberg
4849:Order of the Rue Crown
4824:Medical military Order
4598:Order of the Red Eagle
4372:Order of the Red Eagle
4092:Order of the Gold Star
2770:. Berlin. p. 34.
2599:Gaudi, Robert (2017).
2380:
2243:Emmanuelle Charpentier
2104:
2099:
2054:Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
2050:Ferdinand von Zeppelin
1971:Alexander von Humboldt
1965:
1944:
1897:
1874:Alexander von Humboldt
1704:
1669:Friedrich Christiansen
1612:
1485:
1473:
1461:
1449:
1425:
1399:
1395:Otto Liman von Sanders
1387:
1361:
1349:
1336:
1318:
1306:
1290:
1278:
1089:Manfred von Richthofen
1038:
1020:
993:
954:
883:
851:
780:
744:
735:
699:commanders, including
674:Manfred von Richthofen
644:
639:
625:Alexander II of Russia
600:
596:
585:Order of the Red Eagle
579:
575:Manfred von Richthofen
565:
548:
542:
513:
482:
362:, and is not simply a
353:
345:
329:
324:
302:
287:Order of the Red Eagle
277:
264:
209:
174:
162:
47:
5689:Principality of Reuss
5019:Order of Ernst August
4885:Civil Order of Saxony
4704:Order of Saint Hubert
4232:Grand Cross of Valour
3839:Order of Duke Domagoj
3831:Order of August First
2414:Pour le Mérite (film)
2298:Principality of Lippe
2109:Otto Heinrich Warburg
2093:
1651:Wilhelm Anton Souchon
1509:Johann von Ravenstein
1251:Hans Joachim Buddecke
1099:Lothar von Richthofen
637:
593:
553:Frederick William III
539:
229:[puʁləme.ʁit]
32:Pour le Mérite (film)
5930:Rhineland-Palatinate
5356:Duchy of Saxe-Weimar
5281:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
5242:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
5091:Grand Duchy of Hesse
5030:Grand Duchy of Baden
5007:Royal Guelphic Order
4442:Military Honor Medal
4437:Military Merit Cross
4420:Military decorations
4200:Military Merit Order
4187:(Kingdom of Bavaria)
4179:(Kingdom of Prussia)
4171:(Kingdom of Hungary)
4152:Order of Saint Louis
4015:(Russian Federation)
3627:(in German). Mittler
1975:Carl Friedrich Gauss
1937:Bundesverdienstkreuz
1675:on 11 December 1917.
1622:, successful German
1421:August von Mackensen
1345:Erich von Falkenhayn
1159:Gotthard Sachsenberg
944:August von Gneisenau
807:Frederick William II
402:improve this article
336:President of Germany
319:Frederick William IV
6062:Frederick the Great
5852:Republic of Germany
4995:Order of St. George
4909:Order of Maria Anna
4452:Warrior Merit Medal
4195:(Kingdom of Saxony)
4155:(Kingdom of France)
3707:Der Bundespräsident
3653:Der Bundespräsident
3543:"Kuhl, Hermann von"
2319:. The Republic of
2309:Commonwealth realms
2081:Wilhelm Furtwängler
2046:John Singer Sargent
2042:Camille Saint-Saëns
2038:Hubert von Herkomer
1832:.orden-pourlemerite
1405:Battle of Gallipoli
1326:Werner von Blomberg
1274:Paul von Hindenburg
1241:Heinrich Gontermann
1003:Austro-Prussian War
958:and the oak leaves.
895:Gebhard von Blücher
881:, who received the
879:Peter III of Russia
841:Frederick the Great
833:Second Silesian War
676:, in January 1917.
527:Francesco Algarotti
507:) and the Prussian
6047:Kingdom of Prussia
5954:Schleswig-Holstein
5381:Duchy of Brunswick
4981:Kingdom of Hanover
4690:Kingdom of Bavaria
4610:Order of the Crown
4560:Kingdom of Prussia
4498:Ladies Merit Cross
4377:Order of the Crown
4224:Order of Lāčplēsis
3390:2021-12-29 at the
2368:Order of the Crown
2362:awards either its
2274:Kingdom of Bavaria
2204:Witold Lutosławski
2105:
2058:Sir William Ramsay
1761:Kingdom of Prussia
1574:Karl August Nerger
1538:Alfred von Tirpitz
1503:Heinrich Kirchheim
1493:Ferdinand Schörner
1411:Fritz von Lossberg
1266:, decorated as an
1207:Ernst von Hoeppner
1115:with 62 victories.
899:Battle of Waterloo
873:Battle of Lobositz
843:attributed to him.
825:lieutenant general
815:First Silesian War
786:Battle of Mollwitz
640:
601:
549:
295:Kingdom of Prussia
30:For the film, see
5989:
5988:
5883:Baden-Württemberg
5875:states of Germany
5839:States of Germany
5801:
5800:
4835:Kingdom of Saxony
4511:
4510:
4461:Civil decorations
4307:
4306:
4219:(Empire of Japan)
4163:(Austria-Hungary)
3613:978-3-7995-4159-6
3513:978-3-7861-1125-2
3472:978-3-642-99180-6
3414:978-0-02-551400-3
2808:978-1-84176-997-4
2685:978-88-04-48470-7
2612:978-0-425-28371-4
2525:978-3-411-04067-4
2485:978-3-7648-2473-0
2395:Otto von Bismarck
2251:Christopher Clark
2160:Werner Heisenberg
2152:Erwin Schrödinger
2136:Albert Schweitzer
2073:Gerhart Hauptmann
1983:Felix Mendelssohn
1866:
1865:
1819:Hermann Parzinger
1711:
1691:, German admiral.
1634:Walther Schwieger
1620:Walther Forstmann
1598:, captain of the
1596:Felix von Luckner
1578:auxiliary cruiser
1568:auxiliary cruiser
1560:, German admiral.
1552:Battle of Jutland
1495:, decorated as a
1369:Georg Bruchmüller
1119:Erich Loewenhardt
1016:Otto von Bismarck
999:German-Danish War
950:Hermann von Boyen
904:Alexander Suvorov
804:Prince of Prussia
711:Walther Schwieger
478:
477:
470:
452:
204:
203:
195:Next (lower)
138:22 September 1918
55:
16:(Redirected from
6069:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5805:
5804:
5794:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5759:
5755:
5732:
5728:
5705:
5701:
5680:
5678:
5666:Schaumburg-Lippe
5655:
5651:
5643:
5639:
5631:
5627:
5619:
5615:
5594:
5592:
5569:
5565:
5542:
5538:
5530:
5526:
5505:
5503:
5482:
5480:
5459:
5455:
5434:
5430:
5422:
5418:
5397:
5393:
5372:
5368:
5347:
5343:
5338:
5330:
5326:
5305:
5303:
5295:
5293:
5270:
5266:
5258:
5254:
5231:
5227:
5204:
5200:
5192:
5188:
5180:
5178:
5155:
5151:
5143:
5139:
5131:
5127:
5119:
5115:
5107:
5103:
5082:
5078:
5070:
5066:
5058:
5054:
5046:
5042:
5021:
5017:
5009:
5005:
4997:
4993:
4972:
4968:
4960:
4956:
4948:
4944:
4936:
4932:
4911:
4907:
4899:
4897:Order of Sidonia
4895:
4887:
4883:
4875:
4871:
4863:
4859:
4851:
4847:
4826:
4822:
4814:
4810:
4802:
4798:
4790:
4786:
4778:
4774:
4766:
4762:
4754:
4750:
4742:
4740:Order of Theresa
4738:
4730:
4726:
4718:
4714:
4706:
4702:
4683:
4672:
4668:
4660:
4656:
4648:
4644:
4636:
4632:
4624:
4620:
4612:
4608:
4600:
4596:
4588:
4584:
4576:
4572:
4550:
4549:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4515:
4514:
4468:Lifesaving Medal
4414:
4346:
4345:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4311:
4310:
4300:
4292:
4284:
4283:(SFR Yugoslavia)
4280:Order of Freedom
4276:
4268:
4260:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4188:
4180:
4172:
4168:Medal of Bravery
4164:
4156:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4096:
4088:
4084:Order of Katonga
4080:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4040:
4032:
4024:
4016:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3895:Param Vir Chakra
3891:
3883:
3875:
3871:Légion d'honneur
3867:
3863:Mannerheim Cross
3859:
3855:Cross of Liberty
3851:
3843:
3835:
3827:
3823:Order of Bravery
3819:
3808:
3800:
3789:
3781:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3617:
3605:
3593:
3582:
3558:
3555:full text online
3552:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3522:
3505:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3440:
3433:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3400:
3394:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3355:
3349:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2794:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2401:Hermann von Kuhl
2383:
2364:Order of Leopold
2356:Légion d'honneur
2228:James J. Sheehan
2102:
2095:James J. Sheehan
1968:
1947:
1900:
1858:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1721:
1709:
1707:
1700:
1699:
1615:
1488:
1476:
1464:
1453:in October 1916.
1452:
1445:Otto von Garnier
1428:
1415:Defence in depth
1402:
1390:
1364:
1357:Oskar von Hutier
1352:
1339:
1321:
1309:
1293:
1286:Erich Ludendorff
1281:
1093:Jagdgeschwader I
1084:Jagdgeschwader I
1052:German air force
1041:
1023:
996:
957:
889:Seven Years' War
886:
863:Seven Years' War
854:
783:
747:
738:
686:balloon observer
654:Luftstreitkräfte
647:
599:
582:
568:
545:
517:("For Merit" in
516:
505:Johanniter Order
485:
473:
466:
462:
459:
453:
451:
417:"Pour le Mérite"
410:
386:
378:
368:state decoration
356:
348:
340:Second World War
332:
327:
305:
280:
259:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
231:
226:
222:
217:
212:
177:
171:
165:
159:
64:
54:(Military class)
53:
50:
42:
41:
21:
6077:
6076:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6066:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5964:
5873:
5870:Orders of merit
5864:
5850:
5847:Orders of merit
5841:
5832:
5802:
5797:
5792:Hanseatic Cross
5775:
5762:
5750:
5742:
5741:Principality of
5735:
5723:
5715:
5714:Principality of
5708:
5696:
5683:
5673:
5665:
5664:Principality of
5658:
5646:
5634:
5622:
5610:
5597:
5587:
5579:
5578:Principality of
5572:
5560:
5552:
5551:Principality of
5545:
5533:
5521:
5514:Duchy of Anhalt
5508:
5498:
5485:
5475:
5462:
5450:
5437:
5425:
5413:
5406:Duchy of Nassau
5400:
5388:
5375:
5363:
5350:
5333:
5321:
5308:
5298:
5288:
5280:
5273:
5261:
5249:
5241:
5234:
5222:
5215:Hesse-Darmstadt
5214:
5213:Landgraviate of
5207:
5195:
5183:
5173:
5165:
5164:Landgraviate of
5158:
5146:
5134:
5122:
5110:
5098:
5085:
5073:
5061:
5049:
5037:
5024:
5012:
5000:
4988:
4975:
4963:
4958:Friedrich Order
4951:
4939:
4927:
4914:
4902:
4890:
4878:
4866:
4854:
4842:
4829:
4817:
4805:
4793:
4781:
4769:
4757:
4745:
4733:
4721:
4709:
4697:
4684:
4675:
4663:
4658:Order of Louise
4651:
4639:
4627:
4615:
4603:
4591:
4579:
4567:
4554:
4544:
4542:
4512:
4507:
4493:Red Cross Medal
4483:Jerusalem Cross
4456:
4415:
4406:
4397:Order of Louise
4350:
4340:
4338:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4259:(South Vietnam)
4258:
4250:
4242:
4234:
4226:
4218:
4210:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4154:
4140:
4136:(United States)
4135:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4102:
4094:
4086:
4078:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4046:
4038:
4030:
4022:
4014:
4003:
3995:
3987:
3974:
3966:
3964:Nishan-e-Haider
3958:
3950:
3942:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3910:
3902:
3889:
3887:Cross of Valour
3881:
3873:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3812:Hero of Belarus
3806:
3798:
3787:
3779:
3765:
3756:
3750:
3712:
3710:
3700:
3691:
3689:
3672:
3659:
3657:
3643:
3641:Further reading
3630:
3628:
3614:
3603:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3539:
3535:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3503:
3495:
3491:
3482:
3480:
3473:
3457:
3453:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3415:
3401:
3397:
3392:Wayback Machine
3382:
3378:
3368:
3366:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3299:
3295:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3260:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3236:
3232:
3224:
3220:
3212:
3208:
3200:
3196:
3188:
3184:
3167:
3163:
3155:
3151:
3143:
3139:
3131:
3127:
3110:
3106:
3098:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3058:
3050:
3046:
3038:
3034:
3026:
3022:
3014:
3010:
3002:
2998:
2989:
2987:
2971:
2967:
2959:
2955:
2947:
2943:
2935:
2931:
2914:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2881:
2877:
2869:
2865:
2857:
2853:
2845:
2841:
2832:
2830:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2775:
2762:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2676:Oscar Mondadori
2672:First world war
2664:
2660:
2651:
2649:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2622:
2620:
2613:
2597:
2593:
2583:
2581:
2574:Luftfahrtarchiv
2568:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2508:
2504:
2495:
2493:
2486:
2470:
2466:
2462:, p. VIII.
2458:
2451:
2446:
2438:of this article
2430:
2410:
2376:
2286:Duchy of Anhalt
2270:
2208:Rudolf Mößbauer
2156:Thornton Wilder
2144:Oskar Kokoschka
2077:Richard Strauss
2069:Albert Einstein
2030:Johannes Brahms
2010:Theodor Mommsen
1999:Michael Faraday
1961:
1955:
1910:Albert Einstein
1886:natural science
1862:
1861:
1859:
1846:First induction
1828:
1810:
1770:
1750:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1681:, commander of
1548:Reinhard Scheer
1524:
1469:Hans von Seeckt
1260:
1247:of World War I.
1177:Rudolf Berthold
1054:
1049:
1028:Leo von Caprivi
1012:
977:Napoleonic Wars
962:Ernst von Pfuel
772:
767:
761:
733:, received the
594:Grand cross of
547:with oak leaves
474:
463:
457:
454:
411:
409:
399:
387:
376:
255:
245:
242:
239:
236:
224:
215:
181:
178:with oak leaves
172:
166:
160:
122:
83:King of Prussia
73:Neck decoration
52:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6075:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6042:Courage awards
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5981:Pour le Mérite
5978:
5972:
5970:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5951:
5945:
5939:
5933:
5927:
5921:
5915:
5910:
5904:
5898:
5892:
5886:
5879:
5877:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5856:
5854:
5843:
5842:
5831:
5830:
5823:
5816:
5808:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5795:
5772:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5747:
5745:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5720:
5718:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5693:
5691:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5670:
5668:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5644:
5641:Order of Berta
5632:
5620:
5607:
5605:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5595:
5584:
5582:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5557:
5555:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5531:
5518:
5516:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5506:
5495:
5493:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5472:
5470:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5447:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5423:
5410:
5408:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5385:
5383:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5360:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5331:
5318:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5296:
5285:
5283:
5279:Grand Duchy of
5275:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5259:
5246:
5244:
5240:Grand Duchy of
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5219:
5217:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5193:
5181:
5170:
5168:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5144:
5132:
5120:
5108:
5095:
5093:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5071:
5059:
5047:
5034:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5010:
4998:
4985:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4961:
4949:
4937:
4924:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4900:
4888:
4876:
4864:
4852:
4839:
4837:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4815:
4803:
4791:
4779:
4767:
4755:
4743:
4731:
4719:
4707:
4694:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4661:
4649:
4637:
4634:Pour le Mérite
4625:
4613:
4601:
4589:
4577:
4564:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4541:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4518:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4387:Pour le Mérite
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4337:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4314:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4293:
4291:(Ancient Rome)
4285:
4277:
4269:
4267:(Soviet Union)
4261:
4253:
4251:(South Africa)
4245:
4237:
4229:
4221:
4213:
4211:(Nazi Germany)
4205:
4197:
4189:
4181:
4176:Pour le Mérite
4173:
4165:
4157:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:Medal of Honor
4130:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4105:United Kingdom
4100:Victoria Cross
4097:
4089:
4081:
4076:Medal of Honor
4073:
4065:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4039:(South Africa)
4033:
4025:
4017:
4006:
3998:
3990:
3977:
3972:Medal of Valor
3969:
3961:
3953:
3945:
3937:
3929:
3924:Medal of Valor
3921:
3913:
3908:Order of Fat'h
3905:
3892:
3884:
3876:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3828:
3820:
3809:
3801:
3790:
3782:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3749:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3698:
3678:
3671:
3670:External links
3668:
3667:
3666:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3618:
3612:
3594:
3583:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3533:
3512:
3489:
3471:
3451:
3420:
3413:
3395:
3376:
3350:
3337:
3305:
3293:
3278:
3266:
3254:
3242:
3230:
3218:
3206:
3194:
3182:
3161:
3149:
3137:
3125:
3104:
3092:
3080:
3068:
3056:
3044:
3032:
3020:
3008:
2996:
2965:
2953:
2941:
2929:
2908:
2896:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2839:
2814:
2807:
2784:
2756:
2744:
2732:
2720:
2708:
2691:
2684:
2678:. p. 69.
2658:
2629:
2611:
2591:
2561:
2531:
2524:
2502:
2484:
2464:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2416:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2381:Pour le Mérite
2375:
2372:
2313:Order of Merit
2269:
2266:
2247:Heinz Holliger
2200:Carlos Kleiber
2188:Carl Zuckmayer
2184:Otto Klemperer
2128:Arthur Compton
2117:Paul Hindemith
2100:Pour le Mérite
2085:Käthe Kollwitz
2034:Giuseppe Verdi
2018:Thomas Carlyle
2014:Charles Darwin
1966:Pour le Mérite
1957:Main article:
1954:
1951:
1945:Pour le Mérite
1914:Käthe Kollwitz
1898:Pour le Mérite
1868:In 1842, King
1864:
1863:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1745:re-established
1741:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1729:Order of Merit
1727:
1723:
1722:
1714:
1713:
1705:Pour le Mérite
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1676:
1666:
1660:
1657:Theo Osterkamp
1654:
1648:
1631:
1617:
1613:Pour le Mérite
1605:
1593:
1581:
1571:
1561:
1555:
1545:
1535:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1490:
1486:Pour le Mérite
1478:
1474:Pour le Mérite
1466:
1462:Pour le Mérite
1454:
1450:Pour le Mérite
1442:
1436:
1430:
1426:Pour le Mérite
1418:
1408:
1400:Pour le Mérite
1392:
1388:Pour le Mérite
1385:; awarded the
1372:
1366:
1362:Pour le Mérite
1354:
1350:Pour le Mérite
1342:
1341:Caucasus 1942.
1337:Pour le Mérite
1332:Fedor von Bock
1329:
1323:
1319:Pour le Mérite
1311:
1307:Pour le Mérite
1299:
1296:Siege of Liège
1291:Pour le Mérite
1283:
1279:Pour le Mérite
1271:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1245:Balloon buster
1238:
1235:Balloon buster
1228:
1222:
1216:
1213:Josef Veltjens
1210:
1204:
1198:
1195:Carl Menckhoff
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1171:Heinrich Kroll
1168:
1162:
1156:
1153:Julius Buckler
1150:
1144:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1102:
1096:
1086:
1080:Hermann Göring
1077:
1074:Wilhelm Frankl
1071:
1068:Oswald Boelcke
1065:
1062:Immelmann turn
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1039:Pour le Mérite
1031:
1025:
1021:Pour le Mérite
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
994:Pour le Mérite
986:
980:
959:
955:Pour le Mérite
947:
941:
935:
929:
923:
917:
911:
901:
892:
884:Pour le Mérite
876:
866:
856:
852:Pour le Mérite
849:, awarded the
844:
837:Battle of Soor
818:
793:
781:Pour le Mérite
771:
768:
763:Main article:
760:
757:
745:Pour le Mérite
736:Pour le Mérite
670:Oswald Boelcke
645:Pour le Mérite
623:in 1873, Tsar
597:Pour le Mérite
580:Pour le Mérite
566:Pour le Mérite
543:Pour le Mérite
514:Pour le Mérite
511:and the words
483:Pour le Mérite
476:
475:
390:
388:
381:
375:
374:Military class
372:
354:Pour le Mérite
346:Pour le Mérite
325:Pour le Mérite
303:Pour le Mérite
278:Pour le Mérite
269:order of merit
210:Pour le Mérite
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
187:
186:
183:
182:
179:
175:Pour le Mérite
163:Pour le Mérite
152:
151:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
121:
120:
117:
116:
115:
109:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
57:
56:
48:Pour le Mérite
38:
26:
18:Pour le Merite
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6074:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5961:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5948:Saxony-Anhalt
5946:
5943:
5940:
5937:
5934:
5931:
5928:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5871:
5867:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5829:
5824:
5822:
5817:
5815:
5810:
5809:
5806:
5793:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5765:
5758:
5754:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5738:
5731:
5727:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5711:
5704:
5700:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5686:
5677:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5661:
5654:
5650:
5645:
5642:
5638:
5633:
5630:
5626:
5621:
5618:
5614:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5604:
5600:
5591:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5575:
5568:
5564:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5548:
5541:
5537:
5532:
5529:
5525:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5502:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5479:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5458:
5454:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5433:
5429:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5396:
5392:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5371:
5367:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5346:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5329:
5325:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5276:
5269:
5265:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5237:
5230:
5226:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5210:
5203:
5199:
5194:
5191:
5190:Wilhelm Order
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5161:
5154:
5150:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5133:
5130:
5126:
5121:
5118:
5114:
5109:
5106:
5102:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5081:
5077:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5060:
5057:
5053:
5048:
5045:
5041:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5020:
5016:
5011:
5008:
5004:
4999:
4996:
4992:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4971:
4970:Order of Olga
4967:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4938:
4935:
4931:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4910:
4906:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4889:
4886:
4882:
4877:
4874:
4870:
4865:
4862:
4858:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4825:
4821:
4816:
4813:
4809:
4804:
4801:
4797:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4780:
4777:
4773:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4744:
4741:
4737:
4732:
4729:
4725:
4720:
4717:
4713:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4682:
4671:
4670:Wilhelm-Orden
4667:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4650:
4647:
4643:
4638:
4635:
4631:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4590:
4587:
4583:
4578:
4575:
4571:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4539:
4534:
4532:
4527:
4525:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4413:
4403:
4402:Wilhelm-Orden
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4344:
4335:
4330:
4328:
4323:
4321:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4299:(Afghanistan)
4297:
4294:
4289:
4286:
4281:
4278:
4273:
4270:
4265:
4262:
4257:
4254:
4249:
4246:
4241:
4238:
4233:
4230:
4225:
4222:
4217:
4214:
4209:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4193:
4190:
4185:
4182:
4177:
4174:
4169:
4166:
4161:
4158:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4101:
4098:
4093:
4090:
4085:
4082:
4077:
4074:
4069:
4068:Order of Rama
4066:
4061:
4058:
4053:
4050:
4045:
4042:
4037:
4036:Nkwe ya Gauta
4034:
4029:
4026:
4021:
4018:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4002:
3999:
3994:
3991:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3975:(Philippines)
3973:
3970:
3965:
3962:
3957:
3954:
3951:(Netherlands)
3949:
3946:
3941:
3938:
3933:
3930:
3925:
3922:
3917:
3914:
3909:
3906:
3900:
3899:Ashoka Chakra
3896:
3893:
3888:
3885:
3880:
3877:
3872:
3869:
3864:
3861:
3856:
3853:
3848:
3845:
3840:
3837:
3832:
3829:
3824:
3821:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3805:
3802:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3786:
3783:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3755:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3735:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3626:
3625:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3602:
3601:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3537:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3502:
3501:
3493:
3478:
3474:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3455:
3437:
3430:
3424:
3416:
3410:
3406:
3399:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3380:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3347:
3341:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3302:
3301:Lehmann 1913a
3297:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3274:Lehmann 1913a
3270:
3263:
3262:Lehmann 1913a
3258:
3251:
3250:Lehmann 1913a
3246:
3239:
3238:Lehmann 1913a
3234:
3227:
3226:Lehmann 1913a
3222:
3215:
3214:Lehmann 1913a
3210:
3203:
3202:Lehmann 1913a
3198:
3191:
3190:Lehmann 1913a
3186:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3157:Lehmann 1913a
3153:
3146:
3145:Lehmann 1913a
3141:
3134:
3133:Lehmann 1913a
3129:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3100:Lehmann 1913a
3096:
3089:
3084:
3077:
3076:Lehmann 1913a
3072:
3065:
3060:
3053:
3052:Lehmann 1913a
3048:
3041:
3036:
3029:
3028:Lehmann 1913a
3024:
3017:
3012:
3005:
3000:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2962:
2957:
2950:
2945:
2938:
2933:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2900:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2867:
2860:
2855:
2848:
2843:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2810:
2804:
2800:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2760:
2754:, p. 47.
2753:
2752:Fuhrmann 1992
2748:
2741:
2736:
2729:
2724:
2717:
2712:
2704:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2595:
2579:
2576:(in German).
2575:
2571:
2565:
2549:
2546:(in German).
2545:
2541:
2535:
2527:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2423:, a 1966 film
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2132:Hermann Hesse
2129:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2026:Joseph Lister
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1960:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1933:Theodor Heuss
1930:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1918:Ernst Barlach
1915:
1911:
1906:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1710:(Civil class)
1706:
1701:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1663:Otto Weddigen
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1542:Grand Admiral
1539:
1536:
1533:
1532:Grand Admiral
1529:
1526:
1525:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:Franz Büchner
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1147:Bruno Loerzer
1145:
1142:
1138:
1137:Kurt Wintgens
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1058:Max Immelmann
1056:
1055:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1004:
1000:
995:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
974:
970:
967:
963:
960:
956:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
908:generalissimo
905:
902:
900:
896:
893:
890:
885:
880:
877:
874:
870:
867:
864:
860:
857:
853:
848:
845:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
819:
816:
812:
808:
805:
801:
797:
794:
791:
787:
782:
777:
774:
773:
766:
756:
754:
751:
746:
740:
737:
732:
731:Otto Weddigen
728:
727:
722:
718:
717:
712:
708:
707:
702:
698:
693:
689:
687:
683:
677:
675:
671:
667:
666:Max Immelmann
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
636:
632:
630:
627:in 1878, and
626:
622:
618:
617:Frederick III
614:
610:
606:
598:
592:
588:
586:
581:
576:
572:
567:
562:
557:
554:
546:
544:
538:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:Maltese Cross
493:
489:
484:
472:
469:
461:
450:
447:
443:
440:
436:
433:
429:
426:
422:
419: –
418:
414:
413:Find sources:
407:
403:
397:
396:
391:This section
389:
385:
380:
379:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
355:
349:
347:
341:
337:
333:
331:
326:
320:
315:
313:
308:
304:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
252:
230:
221:
213:
211:
200:
197:
193:
188:
184:
176:
170:
164:
158:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
127:First awarded
125:
118:
113:
112:
111:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
58:
51:
49:
43:
37:
33:
19:
5980:
5918:Lower Saxony
5166:Hesse-Kassel
5117:Ludwig Order
4873:Albert Order
4633:
4386:
4175:
4011:
3986:(peacetime)
3982:(wartime) /
3901:(peacetime)
3897:(wartime) /
3847:Valour Cross
3814:
3807:(Bangladesh)
3804:Bir Sreshtho
3799:(Azerbaijan)
3795:
3711:. Retrieved
3705:
3690:. Retrieved
3685:
3658:. Retrieved
3651:
3629:. Retrieved
3623:
3599:
3588:
3573:
3565:Bibliography
3553:; (
3546:
3536:
3525:. Retrieved
3499:
3492:
3481:. Retrieved
3461:
3454:
3443:. Retrieved
3423:
3404:
3398:
3379:
3369:14 September
3367:. Retrieved
3353:
3345:
3340:
3330:13 September
3328:. Retrieved
3317:
3308:
3296:
3287:
3281:
3269:
3257:
3245:
3233:
3221:
3209:
3197:
3185:
3174:
3164:
3152:
3140:
3128:
3117:
3107:
3095:
3088:Lehmann 1913
3083:
3071:
3064:Lehmann 1913
3059:
3047:
3040:Lehmann 1913
3035:
3023:
3016:Lehmann 1913
3011:
3004:Lehmann 1913
2999:
2988:. Retrieved
2978:
2968:
2961:Lehmann 1913
2956:
2949:Lehmann 1913
2944:
2937:Lehmann 1913
2932:
2921:
2911:
2904:Lehmann 1913
2899:
2888:
2878:
2871:Lehmann 1913
2866:
2859:Lehmann 1913
2854:
2847:Lehmann 1913
2842:
2831:. Retrieved
2817:
2798:
2776:. Retrieved
2766:
2759:
2747:
2740:Lehmann 1913
2735:
2728:Lehmann 1913
2723:
2716:Lehmann 1913
2711:
2701:
2694:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2650:. Retrieved
2641:
2632:
2621:. Retrieved
2601:
2594:
2582:. Retrieved
2573:
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2543:
2534:
2515:
2512:Mangold, Max
2505:
2494:. Retrieved
2474:
2467:
2460:Lehmann 1913
2433:
2420:The Blue Max
2418:
2377:
2349:
2345:Gloria Artis
2328:
2323:confers the
2311:confers the
2306:
2301:
2293:
2281:
2271:
2260:In 2021, 14
2259:
2255:Herta Müller
2253:(2019), and
2249:(2018), Sir
2239:Gidon Kremer
2236:
2232:Svante Pääbo
2230:(2006), and
2180:Karl Jaspers
2164:Lise Meitner
2125:
2106:
2097:wearing his
2083:(1929), and
2066:
2060:(1911), and
2007:
1962:
1941:
1929:West Germany
1926:
1922:
1907:
1894:
1877:
1872:, appointed
1867:
1764:West Germany
1744:
1689:Paul Behncke
1679:Otto Hersing
1673:Oberleutnant
1672:
1643:
1628:Kriegsmarine
1600:
1588:
1558:Franz Hipper
1496:
1481:Ernst Jünger
1457:Max Hoffmann
1379:Schutztruppe
1268:Oberleutnant
1267:
1264:Erwin Rommel
1219:Fritz Pütter
1131:Josef Jacobs
1010:1871 to 1914
997:in the 1864
770:1740 to 1871
741:
725:
721:Otto Hersing
715:
705:
694:
690:
678:
641:
608:
604:
602:
558:
550:
540:
509:royal cypher
499:with golden
479:
464:
455:
445:
438:
431:
424:
412:
400:Please help
395:verification
392:
351:
343:
322:
316:
312:Ernst Jünger
309:
299:
250:
249:
207:
205:
135:Last awarded
130:16 June 1740
79:Presented by
45:
36:
5901:Brandenburg
5768:Free cities
4478:Merit Cross
4288:Grass Crown
4126:New Zealand
4055:(Sri Lanka)
3780:(Argentina)
3688:(in German)
3319:Der Spiegel
2605:. Penguin.
2296:), and the
2262:Nobel Prize
2224:Wim Wenders
2216:Umberto Eco
2196:Karl Popper
2192:Henry Moore
2172:Felix Bloch
2140:Thomas Mann
2003:Franz Liszt
1979:Jakob Grimm
1916:(1929) and
1783:Awarded for
1775:Eligibility
1734:Established
1696:Civil class
1522:German navy
1258:German army
1201:Paul Bäumer
1125:Werner Voss
1113:World War I
823:, Prussian
798:, Prussian
650:World War I
605:Grand Cross
561:World War I
529:(1747) and
106:Established
90:Eligibility
85:(1740–1918)
5996:Categories
4432:Kulm Cross
4427:Iron Cross
4235:(Rhodesia)
4071:(Thailand)
3996:(Portugal)
3967:(Pakistan)
3943:(Malaysia)
3826:(Bulgaria)
3660:1 December
3527:2018-09-14
3483:2020-10-03
3445:2023-12-11
2990:2020-10-03
2833:2017-06-30
2778:2018-09-13
2652:2017-08-14
2623:2020-10-03
2496:2018-09-12
2428:References
2121:Emil Nolde
2062:Max Planck
1882:humanities
1841:Statistics
1815:Chancellor
1334:, Awarded
1165:Kurt Wolff
1105:Ernst Udet
906:, Russian
753:Wilhelm II
658:propaganda
571:flying ace
458:April 2022
428:newspapers
265:Blauer Max
190:Precedence
5960:Thuringia
4112:Australia
4095:(Ukraine)
4031:(Somalia)
4004:(Romania)
3956:War Cross
3919:(Ireland)
3882:(Germany)
3866:(Finland)
3858:(Estonia)
3850:(Denmark)
3842:(Croatia)
3818:(Belarus)
3788:(Armenia)
3713:10 August
3692:10 August
3288:The Times
2148:Carl Orff
2113:Otto Hahn
1890:fine arts
1644:Lusitania
1642:RMS
1636:, German
1576:, German
1566:, German
1540:, German
1530:, German
631:in 1879.
613:Wilhelm I
267:), is an
257:‹See Tfd›
243:For Merit
5936:Saarland
4227:(Latvia)
4145:Obsolete
4087:(Uganda)
4079:(Turkey)
4063:(Sweden)
4023:(Serbia)
3988:(Poland)
3959:(Norway)
3927:(Israel)
3890:(Greece)
3874:(France)
3752:Highest
3631:29 March
3518:Archived
3477:Archived
3436:Archived
3388:Archived
3363:Archived
3324:Archived
2984:Archived
2976:(1799).
2827:Archived
2772:Archived
2646:Archived
2617:Archived
2584:29 March
2578:Archived
2554:29 March
2548:Archived
2544:Preussen
2514:(2015).
2490:Archived
2408:See also
2335:has the
2257:(2021).
2245:(2017),
2241:(2016),
2234:(2008).
2226:(2005),
2222:(1999),
2218:(1998),
2214:(1997),
2210:(1996),
2206:(1993),
2202:(1990),
2198:(1980),
2194:(1972),
2190:(1967),
2186:(1967),
2182:(1964),
2178:(1961),
2174:(1959),
2170:(1957),
2166:(1957),
2162:(1957),
2158:(1956),
2154:(1956),
2150:(1956),
2146:(1955),
2142:(1955),
2138:(1954),
2134:(1954),
2130:(1954),
2087:(1929).
2079:(1924),
2075:(1923),
2071:(1923),
2064:(1915).
2056:(1911),
2052:(1910),
2048:(1908),
2044:(1901),
2040:(1899),
2036:(1887),
2032:(1887),
2024:(1884),
2020:(1874),
2016:(1868),
2012:(1868),
1920:(1933).
1912:(1923),
1903:the arts
1601:Seeadler
1497:Leutnant
966:Prussian
682:zeppelin
533:(1750).
531:Voltaire
525:(1747),
289:and the
251:Blue Max
5889:Bavaria
5837:of the
4047:(Spain)
3935:(Italy)
3903:(India)
3834:(China)
3770:Current
2540:"Orden"
2360:Belgium
2321:Austria
2284:), the
2103:in 2014
2028:(1885)
1825:Website
1799:Founder
1767:Germany
1755:Country
1381:in the
969:general
829:colonel
811:captain
800:colonel
788:during
662:fighter
611:: King
442:scholar
237:
225:French:
216:German:
101:Extinct
5956:
5950:
5944:
5942:Saxony
5938:
5932:
5926:
5920:
5909:
5903:
5897:
5895:Berlin
5891:
5885:
5872:of the
5849:of the
4355:Orders
4119:Canada
3911:(Iran)
3610:
3510:
3469:
3411:
2805:
2682:
2609:
2522:
2482:
2352:France
2341:Poland
2333:France
2119:, and
1794:Extant
1791:Status
1743:1952 (
1638:U-boat
1624:U-boat
750:Kaiser
729:) and
697:U-boat
619:) and
519:French
501:eagles
444:
437:
430:
423:
415:
285:, the
275:. The
261:German
98:Status
5969:Other
5907:Hesse
4012:title
3815:title
3796:title
3604:(PDF)
3521:(PDF)
3504:(PDF)
3439:(PDF)
3432:(PDF)
2670:[
2444:Notes
1589:Emden
449:JSTOR
435:books
364:medal
143:Total
39:Award
3715:2024
3694:2024
3662:2022
3633:2022
3608:ISBN
3508:ISBN
3467:ISBN
3409:ISBN
3371:2018
3332:2018
2803:ISBN
2680:ISBN
2607:ISBN
2586:2022
2556:2022
2520:ISBN
2480:ISBN
2343:the
2315:and
2001:and
1989:and
1888:and
1726:Type
1683:U-21
971:and
855:1752
742:The
726:U-21
716:U-20
706:U-35
668:and
642:The
480:The
421:news
300:The
234:lit.
206:The
146:5415
69:Type
3173:",
3116:",
2920:",
2887:",
2366:or
2354:'s
2304:).
2288:'s
2276:'s
1834:.de
1830:www
1111:of
1109:ace
709:),
404:by
366:or
5998::
3704:.
3684:.
3650:.
3545:,
3516:.
3475:.
3434:.
3316:.
2787:^
2644:.
2640:.
2615:.
2572:.
2542:.
2488:.
2452:^
2384::
2123:.
2115:,
2111:,
2005:.
1997:,
1985:,
1981:,
1977:,
1973:,
1884:,
964:,
739:.
719:)
688:.
573:,
370:.
263::
232:,
223:;
5827:e
5820:t
5813:v
4537:e
4530:t
4523:v
4333:e
4326:t
4319:v
4128:)
4103:(
3745:e
3738:t
3731:v
3717:.
3696:.
3664:.
3635:.
3616:.
3581:.
3557:)
3530:.
3486:.
3448:.
3417:.
3373:.
3334:.
2993:.
2836:.
2811:.
2781:.
2688:.
2655:.
2626:.
2588:.
2558:.
2528:.
2499:.
2292:(
2280:(
1747:)
1647:.
1630:.
1554:.
1407:.
1095:.
1064:.
1005:.
875:.
865:.
817:.
792:.
723:(
713:(
703:(
471:)
465:(
460:)
456:(
446:·
439:·
432:·
425:·
398:.
254:(
246:'
240:'
214:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_-_Tallinn_Museum_of_Orders.jpg)
