1720:
1814:
1669:
1472:
70:
2723:
84:
1559:
1220:
2671:
802:
739:
682:
433:
1153:
1271:
1106:
1019:
966:
3009:
1341:
181:
1622:
2057:
2033:
3447:
3841:
1769:
1422:
922:
867:
2164:
255:
4001:
1876:
4083:
3856:
3522:
3440:
3861:
3682:
1864:
2659:
3764:
3537:
2637:
3433:
470:
3542:
1719:
243:
1868:
4297:
1872:
1861:
4171:
3876:
2884:
1866:
4415:
3921:
3086:
2546:
2530:
1873:
1871:
1167:
1874:
4420:
401:
397:
4277:
3916:
3031:
2948:
2443:
383:
1867:
4342:
3821:
3557:
3159:
2963:
1887:
Of the 7 people that has served as president, only two, Didier
Ratsiraka and Andry Rajoelina, served in non consecutive periods.
414:
360:
17:
2611:
3971:
3502:
2652:
2486:
2160:
816:
270:
1870:
443:
4395:
4031:
3976:
3961:
3851:
3836:
3712:
3602:
3532:
2156:
1949:
1865:
1862:
785:
714:
524:
4036:
3941:
3642:
3400:
2897:
463:
348:
343:
1863:
3886:
3866:
3597:
3474:
3137:
2482:
2104:
2081:
1921:
1828:
1683:
1448:
1359:
1355:
1285:
1057:
1037:
1033:
998:
954:
907:
852:
757:
753:
591:
331:
326:
4021:
3931:
2667:
4410:
4400:
3911:
3881:
3562:
2973:
2731:
2645:
1006:
4307:
4126:
4090:
4011:
3986:
3771:
3692:
3657:
3517:
3347:
4312:
4046:
3956:
3846:
3717:
3667:
3622:
3218:
3122:
3076:
2998:
2993:
2877:
1606:
456:
373:
4317:
3637:
3547:
3527:
3270:
3147:
2983:
1869:
1573:
1389:
250:
4405:
4051:
3364:
3228:
3132:
3056:
3051:
3287:
4200:
4188:
3946:
3677:
3592:
3567:
3374:
3342:
3256:
3169:
3071:
3036:
2978:
2750:
2453:
2448:
1925:
1316:
1138:
1091:
1062:
643:
534:
484:
211:
4337:
3966:
3612:
3322:
3223:
2988:
2789:
2135:
1978:
1842:
1703:
1515:
1459:
570:
4362:
3891:
3831:
3727:
3312:
3297:
3213:
3174:
3127:
3112:
3008:
2953:
2870:
2150:
1075:
504:
4267:
4146:
4026:
4016:
4006:
3981:
3826:
3801:
3707:
3697:
3337:
3200:
1252:
550:
419:
4352:
4257:
4247:
4136:
4116:
4056:
3996:
3142:
3046:
2923:
2918:
2817:
2458:
2438:
2199:
2028:
1564:
231:
4287:
4235:
4220:
4210:
3901:
3896:
3871:
3582:
3332:
3317:
3243:
3117:
3061:
3041:
3019:
387:
312:
295:
277:
102:
3647:
3369:
3282:
3100:
3081:
2433:
1795:
1752:
600:
171:
4327:
4066:
4041:
3816:
3747:
3722:
3572:
3512:
3497:
3393:
3302:
3251:
3233:
3188:
3066:
2938:
2905:
2769:
2702:
1813:
1668:
1410:
1225:
1208:
1204:
872:
286:
83:
1529:
4166:
3991:
3936:
3732:
3702:
3687:
3672:
3662:
3617:
3507:
3482:
2837:
2184:
2009:
1774:
1534:
1471:
1401:
1327:
560:
3425:
1067:
8:
4183:
4061:
3951:
3806:
3786:
3742:
3737:
3632:
3487:
3409:
3354:
3152:
2707:
2697:
2692:
2076:
1944:
1427:
1071:
927:
807:
790:
744:
687:
238:
151:
1884:
This is a list of each president (excluding acting presidents) in order of term length.
1524:
4372:
3926:
3906:
3811:
3607:
3587:
3577:
3552:
3492:
3359:
3327:
3292:
126:
2722:
69:
3414:
2968:
2958:
2943:
2779:
2683:
2179:
2004:
1602:
1346:
1323:
1200:
662:
492:
437:
409:
45:
3307:
2933:
2774:
2759:
2740:
2712:
1916:
1725:
1276:
1111:
1079:
1024:
971:
667:
4156:
3652:
3205:
2832:
2827:
2798:
2130:
1971:
1847:
1819:
1800:
1732:
1708:
1674:
1657:
1610:
1477:
801:
738:
681:
216:
204:
131:
91:
59:
1558:
3471:
3462:
2913:
2822:
2632:
1627:
1520:
1340:
1219:
1083:
138:
4389:
1538:
1406:
119:
2573:
2764:
2052:
1158:
491:, since the establishment of the office of President in 1959, during the
1270:
1152:
1105:
1018:
965:
2928:
2893:
2808:
2670:
1598:
1546:
488:
109:
2862:
1621:
4230:
2560:
180:
2419:
2478:
503:
As of 2021, there is a two-term limit for the president in the
1860:
3455:
2612:"Circumvention of Term Limits Weakens Governance in Africa"
1768:
1421:
921:
866:
507:. The term limit has not been met by any president yet.
543: National Union for Democracy and Development (UNDD)
2516:
Chairman of the
National Military Leadership Committee
4387:
2497:
2495:
37:
3441:
2878:
2653:
464:
2492:
579: Hery Vaovao ho an'i Madagasikara (HVM)
51:
2284:Fandrosoa Faritsy iaby ho an'i Madagasikara
3448:
3434:
2885:
2871:
2660:
2646:
1879:
471:
457:
2603:
2444:List of colonial governors of Madagascar
510:
3456:Heads of state and government of Africa
2892:
14:
4388:
2609:
2313:Andry Tsiverizo Raobelina Andriamalala
3429:
2866:
2641:
2406:
2395:
2384:
2373:
2113:
2616:Africa Center for Strategic Studies
2105:2023 Malagasy presidential election
24:
3007:
2348:Fahefa mividy no ilain'ny Malagasy
2098:
1963:
25:
4432:
4416:Madagascar politics-related lists
2732:Democratic Republic of Madagascar
2626:
2297:Lalaina Harilanto Ratsirahonanana
2236:Firaisankinan'ny Tia Tanindrazana
2204:Hery Vaovao ho an'ny Madagasikara
1007:Democratic Republic of Madagascar
4421:Madagascar history-related lists
4084:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3857:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3765:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3538:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2721:
2669:
2345:Jean-Jacques Jedidia Ratsietison
2265:Jean Brunelle Razafintsiandraofa
1812:
1767:
1718:
1667:
1620:
1557:
1470:
1420:
1339:
1269:
1218:
1151:
1104:
1017:
964:
920:
865:
800:
737:
680:
431:
179:
82:
68:
2610:Cook, Candace; Siegle, Joseph.
2481:, and handed over power to the
1543:
1456:
1088:
1003:
722:
659:
2579:
2566:
2553:
2537:
2521:
2508:
2471:
2281:Sendrison Daniela Raderanirina
619:
613: Denotes Acting President
498:
13:
1:
2809:Fourth Republic of Madagascar
2596:
2547:Supreme Revolutionary Council
2531:Supreme Revolutionary Council
1957:13 years, 163 days
1954:13 years, 163 days
1930:17 years, 285 days
1547:Fourth Republic of Madagascar
782:12 years, 107 days
4396:Lists of national presidents
2751:Third Republic of Madagascar
2633:World Statesmen – Madagascar
2587:Head of Military Directorate
2454:Vice President of Madagascar
2449:Prime Minister of Madagascar
2089:2 years, 117 days
2086:2 years, 117 days
2065:3 years, 162 days
2062:3 years, 162 days
2041:4 years, 225 days
2038:4 years, 225 days
2017:6 years, 255 days
2014:6 years, 255 days
1990:10 years, 103 days
1933:23 years, 66 days
1700:4 years, 233 days
1590:4 years, 225 days
1512:4 years, 314 days
1398:6 years, 255 days
1313:5 years, 146 days
1192:3 years, 162 days
1092:Third Republic of Madagascar
1054:16 years, 13 days
849:2 years, 117 days
535:Malagasy Revolutionary Party
380:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
7:
2790:High Transitional Authority
2487:referendum on military rule
2427:
2136:Young Malagasies Determined
1985:4 years, 314 days
1855:
1460:High Transitional Authority
571:Young Malagasies Determined
96:since 16 December 2023
10:
4437:
2479:massive political protests
2151:Siteny Randrianasoloniaiko
2102:
1135:1 year, 74 days
711:1 year, 56 days
505:Constitution of Madagascar
4104:
4075:
3794:
3785:
3756:
3470:
3461:
3387:
3278:
3269:
3242:
3196:
3187:
3108:
3099:
3027:
3018:
3005:
2904:
2846:
2807:
2788:
2749:
2730:
2719:
2682:
2417:
2407:Registered voters/turnout
2369:
2358:
2122:
2119:
2116:
1544:
1457:
1438:
1089:
1004:
911:
723:
660:
642:
639:
636:
633:
626:
623:
618:
551:Judged by Your Work Party
157:
147:
137:
125:
115:
101:
79:
67:
36:
31:
4411:Presidents of Madagascar
4401:Government of Madagascar
3842:Central African Republic
3523:Central African Republic
2924:Indian Ocean slave trade
2676:Presidents of Madagascar
2464:
2459:First Lady of Madagascar
2439:List of Imerina monarchs
2200:Hery Rajaonarimampianina
2029:Hery Rajaonarimampianina
1902:Longest continuous term
1565:Hery Rajaonarimampianina
271:Administrative divisions
4294:South African Republic
4143:Central African Empire
2329:Auguste Richard Paraina
2316:Anjomara sy Rivo-baovao
1880:Term of office in years
525:Social Democratic Party
388:Rasata Rafaravavitafika
143:5 years, renewable once
53:Président de Madagascar
32:President of Madagascar
18:President of Madagascar
3012:
2989:Transitional Authority
2434:Politics of Madagascar
2220:Malagasy Miara-Miainga
2217:Hajo Andrianainarivelo
398:Diplomatic missions of
172:Politics of Madagascar
52:
39:Filohan'i Madagasikara
38:
4002:São Tomé and Príncipe
3862:Republic of the Congo
3683:São Tomé and Príncipe
3543:Republic of the Congo
3011:
2984:2009 political crisis
2939:Malagasy Protectorate
2550:until 4 January 1976.
2300:Antoko Fihavanantsika
2268:Antoko Politika Madio
2233:Tahina Razafinjoelina
1905:Total time in office
1226:Norbert Ratsirahonana
873:Richard Ratsimandrava
727:(independent country)
511:List of officeholders
438:Madagascar portal
74:Presidential Standard
4406:Malagasy politicians
4167:Muhammad Ali dynasty
3087:World Heritage Sites
2477:Stepped down amidst
2252:Malagasy Tonga Saina
2185:Tiako i Madagasikara
1775:Richard Ravalomanana
1726:Council of Ministers
3787:Heads of government
2974:Democratic Republic
2818:Rajaonarimampianina
2385:Invalid/blank votes
2155:Fitambolagnela IAD–
2110:
2077:Gabriel Ramanantsoa
1945:Philibert Tsiranana
1428:Hyppolite Ramaroson
928:Gilles Andriamahazo
912:Position abolished
808:Gabriel Ramanantsoa
745:Philibert Tsiranana
719:Position abolished
688:Philibert Tsiranana
280:Faritany Mizakatena
152:Philibert Tsiranana
4274:Orange Free State
3032:Biosphere reserves
3013:
2949:Colonial governors
2109:
725:Malagasy Republic
483:This is a list of
4383:
4382:
4227:Kingdom of Kongo
4100:
4099:
3877:Equatorial Guinea
3781:
3780:
3558:Equatorial Guinea
3423:
3422:
3383:
3382:
3265:
3264:
3183:
3182:
3160:Political parties
3148:National Assembly
3123:Foreign relations
3095:
3094:
2994:COVID-19 pandemic
2969:Malagasy Republic
2959:Malagasy Uprising
2944:French Madagascar
2860:
2859:
2684:Malagasy Republic
2425:
2424:
2180:Marc Ravalomanana
2096:
2095:
2005:Marc Ravalomanana
1853:
1852:
1833:16 December 2023
1789:16 December 2023
1743:9 September 2023
1347:Marc Ravalomanana
663:Malagasy Republic
644:Prime minister(s)
561:I Love Madagascar
516:Political parties
493:Malagasy Republic
481:
480:
415:Visa requirements
374:Foreign relations
361:Political parties
319:Recent elections
251:National Assembly
165:
164:
16:(Redirected from
4428:
4308:Governor-General
3795:UN member states
3792:
3791:
3468:
3467:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3427:
3426:
3403:
3396:
3276:
3275:
3209:
3194:
3193:
3106:
3105:
3025:
3024:
2999:2021–2022 famine
2934:Franco-Hova Wars
2887:
2880:
2873:
2864:
2863:
2852:
2725:
2674:
2673:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2639:
2638:
2620:
2619:
2607:
2590:
2583:
2577:
2570:
2564:
2557:
2551:
2545:Chairman of the
2541:
2535:
2529:Chairman of the
2525:
2519:
2512:
2506:
2499:
2490:
2475:
2249:Roland Ratsiraka
2111:
2108:
1917:Didier Ratsiraka
1899:Political party
1890:
1889:
1825:
1816:
1809:
1786:27 October 2023
1780:
1771:
1746:27 October 2023
1737:
1722:
1696:
1690:
1680:
1671:
1647:
1641:
1633:
1624:
1586:
1580:
1570:
1561:
1508:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1483:
1474:
1453:Position vacant
1441:
1433:
1424:
1395:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1352:
1343:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1292:
1282:
1277:Didier Ratsiraka
1273:
1266:
1245:
1239:
1231:
1222:
1189:
1180:
1174:
1164:
1155:
1131:
1125:
1117:
1112:Didier Ratsiraka
1108:
1101:
1050:
1044:
1030:
1025:Didier Ratsiraka
1021:
991:
985:
977:
972:Didier Ratsiraka
968:
947:
941:
933:
924:
901:
892:
886:
878:
869:
846:
837:
831:
826:
813:
804:
779:
770:
764:
750:
741:
728:
707:
701:
693:
684:
671:
668:French Community
640:Political party
631:
621:
616:
615:
612:
598:
589:
578:
568:
558:
548:
542:
532:
522:
473:
466:
459:
436:
435:
434:
183:
167:
166:
148:Inaugural holder
86:
72:
63:
55:
49:
41:
29:
28:
21:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4313:State President
4298:State President
4278:State President
4254:Merina Kingdom
4113:Ashanti Empire
4107:and governments
4106:
4096:
4071:
3777:
3752:
3457:
3454:
3424:
3419:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3379:
3365:Public holidays
3261:
3238:
3229:Illegal logging
3207:
3179:
3133:Law enforcement
3091:
3057:Protected areas
3014:
3003:
2900:
2891:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2842:
2838:R. Ravalomanana
2803:
2784:
2780:M. Ravalomanana
2745:
2726:
2717:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2593:
2584:
2580:
2571:
2567:
2558:
2554:
2542:
2538:
2526:
2522:
2513:
2509:
2500:
2493:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2430:
2131:Andry Rajoelina
2107:
2101:
2099:Latest election
1972:Andry Rajoelina
1882:
1877:
1875:
1858:
1823:
1822:
1820:Andry Rajoelina
1807:
1778:
1777:
1735:
1733:Christian Ntsay
1731:
1730:Prime Minister:
1729:
1728:
1694:
1688:
1678:
1677:
1675:Andry Rajoelina
1645:
1639:
1631:
1630:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1584:
1578:
1568:
1567:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1478:Andry Rajoelina
1439:
1431:
1430:
1409:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1280:
1279:
1264:
1243:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1162:
1161:
1129:
1123:
1115:
1114:
1099:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1028:
1027:
989:
983:
975:
974:
945:
939:
931:
930:
895:
894:
890:
884:
876:
875:
840:
839:
835:
829:
820:
819:
811:
810:
773:
772:
768:
762:
756:
748:
747:
726:
705:
699:
691:
690:
665:
656:Time in office
637:Term of office
629:
628:
614:
610:
603:
596:
594:
587:
580:
576:
574:
566:
564:
556:
554:
546:
544:
540:
538:
530:
528:
520:
513:
501:
477:
448:
444:Other countries
432:
430:
425:
424:
406:
394:
376:
366:
365:
355:
342:Parliamentary:
336:
315:
305:
304:
273:
263:
262:
234:
224:
223:
217:Christian Ntsay
205:Andry Rajoelina
195:
174:
132:Iavoloha Palace
108:
97:
95:
94:
92:Andry Rajoelina
90:
87:
75:
57:
50:
43:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4434:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4363:Prime Minister
4357:
4356:
4355:
4353:Prime Minister
4347:
4346:
4345:
4343:Prime Minister
4340:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4318:Prime Minister
4315:
4310:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4268:Prime Minister
4262:
4261:
4260:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4248:Prime Minister
4242:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4221:Prime Minister
4215:
4214:
4213:
4211:Prime Minister
4205:
4204:
4203:
4201:Prime Minister
4195:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4127:Prime Minister
4121:
4120:
4119:
4110:
4108:
4105:Defunct states
4102:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4087:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
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3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
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3824:
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3814:
3809:
3804:
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3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3477:
3465:
3463:Heads of state
3459:
3458:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3430:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3405:
3404:
3397:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3170:Prime Minister
3167:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2979:Third Republic
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2914:Merina Kingdom
2910:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2890:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2811:(2014–present)
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2680:
2679:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2627:External links
2625:
2622:
2621:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2578:
2565:
2552:
2536:
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2356:
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2343:
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2339:
2336:
2333:
2332:Tsara Tahafina
2330:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
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2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2240:
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2228:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2103:Main article:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1881:
1878:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1839:287 days
1837:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1817:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1772:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1723:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1681:
1672:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1651:134 days
1649:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1628:Rivo Rakotovao
1625:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1607:Solonandrasana
1594:
1591:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1571:
1562:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1541:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1487:
1484:
1475:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1445:Several hours
1443:
1437:
1434:
1425:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1379:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1331:Rasolondraibe
1319:
1314:
1311:
1294:
1288:
1283:
1274:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1249:157 days
1247:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1223:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1176:
1170:
1165:
1156:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1109:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1076:Rakotoarijaona
1065:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1002:
1001:
996:
995:198 days
993:
987:
981:
978:
969:
962:
958:
957:
952:
951:123 days
949:
943:
937:
934:
925:
918:
914:
913:
910:
905:
902:
888:
882:
879:
870:
863:
859:
858:
855:
850:
847:
833:
827:
814:
805:
798:
794:
793:
788:
783:
780:
766:
760:
751:
742:
735:
731:
730:
721:
720:
717:
712:
709:
703:
697:
694:
685:
678:
674:
673:
658:
657:
654:
651:
647:
646:
641:
638:
635:
632:
625:
622:
609:
608:
607:
595:
586:
585:
584:
583:Other factions
575:
565:
555:
545:
539:
529:
519:
518:
517:
512:
509:
500:
497:
479:
478:
476:
475:
468:
461:
453:
450:
449:
447:
446:
440:
427:
426:
423:
422:
417:
412:
405:
404:
393:
392:
391:
390:
377:
372:
371:
368:
367:
364:
363:
358:
357:
356:
354:
353:
346:
339:
337:
335:
334:
329:
325:Presidential:
322:
316:
311:
310:
307:
306:
303:
302:
293:
284:
274:
269:
268:
265:
264:
261:
260:
259:
258:
248:
247:
246:
235:
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
221:
220:
219:
212:Prime Minister
209:
208:
207:
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
176:
175:
170:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
141:
135:
134:
129:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
110:His Excellency
105:
99:
98:
88:
81:
80:
77:
76:
73:
65:
64:
34:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4433:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4369:Zulu Kingdom
4368:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4304:South Africa
4303:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4103:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:Guinea-Bissau
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3598:Guinea-Bissau
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3475:member states
3473:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3451:
3446:
3444:
3439:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3323:Ethnic groups
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3224:Food security
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3010:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:Ratsirahonana
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2703:Ratsimandrava
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2602:
2588:
2582:
2575:
2569:
2562:
2556:
2549:
2548:
2540:
2533:
2532:
2524:
2517:
2511:
2504:
2503:Head of State
2498:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
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2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2409:
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2398:
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2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2112:
2106:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:50 days
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:48 days
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1505:
1496:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:Rabemananjara
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1380:
1371:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:Ratsirahonana
1320:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:Ratsirahonana
1206:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1000:
997:
994:
988:
982:
979:
973:
970:
967:
963:
960:
959:
956:
953:
950:
944:
938:
935:
929:
926:
923:
919:
916:
915:
909:
906:
903:
899:
898:assassinated.
889:
883:
880:
874:
871:
868:
864:
861:
860:
856:
854:
851:
848:
844:
834:
828:
824:
818:
815:
809:
806:
803:
799:
796:
795:
792:
789:
787:
784:
781:
777:
767:
761:
759:
755:
752:
746:
743:
740:
736:
733:
732:
729:
718:
716:
713:
710:
704:
698:
695:
689:
686:
683:
679:
676:
675:
672:
669:
664:
655:
652:
649:
648:
645:
630:(Birth–Death)
617:
605:
604:
602:
593:
582:
581:
572:
562:
552:
536:
526:
515:
514:
508:
506:
496:
494:
490:
486:
474:
469:
467:
462:
460:
455:
454:
452:
451:
445:
442:
441:
439:
429:
428:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
403:
402:in Madagascar
399:
396:
395:
389:
385:
382:
381:
379:
378:
375:
370:
369:
362:
359:
352:
351:
347:
345:
341:
340:
338:
333:
330:
328:
324:
323:
321:
320:
318:
317:
314:
309:
308:
301:
299:
294:
292:
290:
285:
283:
281:
276:
275:
272:
267:
266:
257:
254:
253:
252:
249:
245:
242:
241:
240:
237:
236:
233:
228:
227:
218:
215:
214:
213:
210:
206:
203:
202:
201:
198:
197:
191:
190:
187:
186:
182:
178:
177:
173:
169:
168:
160:
156:
153:
150:
146:
142:
140:
136:
133:
130:
128:
124:
121:
120:Head of state
118:
114:
111:
106:
104:
100:
93:
85:
78:
71:
66:
61:
54:
47:
40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
4089:
4082:
4076:Other states
4027:South Africa
4017:Sierra Leone
3822:Burkina Faso
3770:
3763:
3757:Other states
3708:South Africa
3698:Sierra Leone
3627:
3503:Burkina Faso
3313:Demographics
3298:Architecture
3214:Central bank
3175:Subdivisions
3164:
3128:Human rights
3113:Constitution
2964:Independence
2954:World War II
2708:Andriamahazo
2675:
2615:
2605:
2586:
2581:
2574:Antananarivo
2568:
2555:
2544:
2539:
2528:
2523:
2515:
2510:
2502:
2473:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1886:
1883:
1757:
1603:Ranelonarivo
1545:
1528:
1491:
1458:
1388:
1366:
1328:Andrianarivo
1298:
1257:
1205:Rakotovahiny
1185:
1090:
1072:Rakotoniaina
1068:Rakotomalala
1005:
904:6 days
897:
842:
822:
775:
724:
666:(within the
661:
653:Left office
650:Took office
502:
482:
349:
298:Fivondronana
297:
288:
279:
199:
26:
4197:The Gambia
4032:South Sudan
3922:Ivory Coast
3713:South Sudan
3603:Ivory Coast
3338:LGBT rights
3201:Agriculture
2792:(2009–2014)
2753:(1992–2010)
2698:Ramanantsoa
2485:(after the
2396:Total votes
2374:Valid votes
2161:RPSD Vaovao
2053:Albert Zafy
1824:(born 1974)
1796:Independent
1779:(born 1959)
1753:Independent
1736:(born 1961)
1695:9 September
1679:(born 1974)
1640:7 September
1632:(born 1960)
1585:7 September
1569:(born 1958)
1530:Manorohanta
1482:(born 1974)
1432:(born 1951)
1368:22 February
1351:(born 1949)
1300:25 February
1281:(1936–2021)
1238:5 September
1230:(born 1938)
1179:5 September
1163:(1927–2017)
1159:Albert Zafy
1143:Razanamasy
1116:(1936–2021)
1043:30 December
1029:(1936–2021)
990:30 December
976:(1936–2021)
940:12 February
932:(1919–1989)
891:11 February
877:(1931–1975)
812:(1906–1979)
791:Ramanantsoa
749:(1912–1978)
692:(1912–1978)
601:Independent
499:Term limits
420:Visa policy
296:Districts (
278:Provinces (
139:Term length
4390:Categories
4091:Somaliland
4012:Seychelles
3977:Mozambique
3962:Mauritania
3947:Madagascar
3902:The Gambia
3837:Cape Verde
3772:Somaliland
3693:Seychelles
3658:Mozambique
3643:Mauritania
3628:Madagascar
3583:The Gambia
3518:Cape Verde
3348:newspapers
3208:(currency)
3143:Parliament
3047:Ecoregions
2929:Libertatia
2894:Madagascar
2597:References
2585:Styled as
2543:Styled as
2527:Styled as
2514:Styled as
2501:Styled as
2410:11,043,836
1896:President
1836:Incumbent
1689:19 January
1646:19 January
1579:25 January
1507:25 January
1493:7 February
1324:Rakotomavo
1291:9 February
1244:9 February
1198:Razanamasy
1124:12 January
1084:Razanamasy
1049:12 January
885:5 February
836:5 February
830:11 October
823:referendum
769:11 October
489:Madagascar
485:presidents
232:Parliament
194:Government
161:1 May 1959
4359:Zimbabwe
4334:Zanzibar
4180:Ethiopia
3967:Mauritius
3648:Mauritius
3360:Mythology
3333:Languages
3318:Education
3244:Transport
3219:Companies
3165:President
3118:Elections
3077:Volcanoes
3062:Provinces
3042:Districts
3020:Geography
2828:Rajoelina
2823:Rakotovao
2799:Rajoelina
2775:Ratsiraka
2760:Ratsiraka
2741:Ratsiraka
2734:(1975–92)
2713:Ratsiraka
2693:Tsiranana
2686:(1958–75)
2572:Based in
2561:Toamasina
2559:Based in
2399:5,119,018
2377:4,848,895
2362:4,848,895
2140:2,858,947
2114:Candidate
1525:Mangalaza
1186:resigned.
1080:Ramahatra
843:resigned.
776:resigned.
624:Portrait
313:Elections
287:Regions (
256:President
244:President
200:President
158:Formation
127:Residence
107:President
89:Incumbent
4324:Tunisia
4264:Nigeria
4153:Dahomey
4133:Burundi
4067:Zimbabwe
4042:Tanzania
3892:Ethiopia
3887:Eswatini
3867:Djibouti
3832:Cameroon
3817:Botswana
3748:Zimbabwe
3723:Tanzania
3573:Ethiopia
3568:Eswatini
3548:Djibouti
3513:Cameroon
3498:Botswana
3410:Category
3370:Religion
3283:Abortion
3257:Railways
3138:Military
3101:Politics
3082:Wildlife
2919:Monarchs
2898:articles
2483:military
2428:See also
2418:Source:
2082:Military
1922:Military
1908:Periods
1856:Timeline
1596:Beriziky
1539:Beriziky
1521:Roindefo
1501:17 March
1449:Military
1440:17 March
1382:17 March
1173:27 March
1130:27 March
1058:Military
999:Military
955:Military
908:Military
857:Himself
853:Military
634:Elected
592:Military
410:Passport
384:Minister
46:Malagasy
4349:Zambia
4284:Rwanda
4258:Monarch
4244:Malawi
4231:Monarch
4184:Emperor
4172:Monarch
4147:Emperor
4117:Monarch
4052:Tunisia
4022:Somalia
4007:Senegal
3992:Nigeria
3982:Namibia
3972:Morocco
3937:Liberia
3932:Lesotho
3882:Eritrea
3852:Comoros
3827:Burundi
3802:Algeria
3733:Tunisia
3703:Somalia
3688:Senegal
3673:Nigeria
3663:Namibia
3653:Morocco
3618:Liberia
3613:Lesotho
3563:Eritrea
3533:Comoros
3508:Burundi
3483:Algeria
3394:Outline
3308:Cuisine
3303:Culture
3271:Society
3252:Driving
3234:Tourism
3206:Ariary
3189:Economy
3067:Regions
3052:Islands
2906:History
2388:270,123
2207:251,144
2189:586,282
2169:697,691
1758:Himself
1390:deposed
1258:Himself
1168:1992–93
984:15 June
946:15 June
763:26 June
706:26 June
537:(AREMA)
289:Faritra
4338:Sultan
4217:Kenya
4207:Ghana
4163:Egypt
4123:Benin
4062:Zambia
4057:Uganda
3997:Rwanda
3952:Malawi
3912:Guinea
3807:Angola
3743:Zambia
3738:Uganda
3678:Rwanda
3633:Malawi
3593:Guinea
3488:Angola
3415:Portal
3375:Sports
3288:Anthem
3153:Senate
3072:Rivers
3037:Cities
2896:
2853:Acting
2402:100.00
2365:100.00
2351:14,468
2335:29,874
2319:30,198
2303:32,608
2287:38,966
2271:63,474
2255:76,858
2239:76,553
2223:91,832
1376:5 July
1308:5 July
1201:Ravony
611:
606:Status
599:
597:
590:
588:
577:
569:
567:
559:
557:
549:
547:
541:
533:
531:
523:
521:
239:Senate
116:Status
60:French
56:
42:
4037:Sudan
3987:Niger
3942:Libya
3927:Kenya
3907:Ghana
3897:Gabon
3872:Egypt
3812:Benin
3718:Sudan
3668:Niger
3623:Libya
3608:Kenya
3588:Ghana
3578:Gabon
3553:Egypt
3493:Benin
3401:Index
3355:Music
3343:Media
2833:Ntsay
2465:Notes
2413:46.35
2380:94.72
2359:Total
2192:12.09
2172:14.39
2143:58.96
2120:Votes
2117:Party
1926:AREMA
1893:Rank
1848:Ntsay
1801:Ntsay
1709:Ntsay
1697:2023
1691:2019
1658:Ntsay
1648:2019
1642:2018
1611:Ntsay
1587:2018
1581:2014
1535:Vital
1509:2014
1503:2009
1442:2009
1407:Sylla
1378:2002
1317:AREMA
1310:2002
1293:1997
1246:1997
1240:1996
1195:UNDD
1175:1993
1139:AREMA
1132:1993
1126:1992
1063:AREMA
1051:1992
1045:1975
992:1975
986:1975
948:1975
942:1975
887:1975
832:1972
765:1960
708:1960
702:1959
700:1 May
573:(TGV)
563:(TIM)
553:(AVI)
527:(PSD)
103:Style
4373:King
4288:King
4236:list
4189:list
4157:King
4137:King
4047:Togo
3957:Mali
3847:Chad
3728:Togo
3638:Mali
3528:Chad
3328:Flag
3293:Seal
2765:Zafy
2391:5.28
2354:0.30
2338:0.62
2322:0.62
2306:0.67
2290:0.80
2274:1.31
2258:1.59
2242:1.58
2226:1.89
2210:5.18
2058:UNDD
1829:2023
1684:2018
1654:HVM
1599:Kolo
1593:HVM
1574:2013
1495:2009
1384:2009
1370:2002
1360:2006
1356:2001
1302:2002
1286:1996
1181:1996
1038:1989
1034:1982
893:1975
838:1975
817:1972
771:1972
758:1972
754:1965
627:Name
350:2024
344:2019
332:2023
327:2018
4328:Bey
2420:HCC
2165:ABA
2157:PSD
2034:HVM
2010:TIM
1979:TGV
1950:PSD
1843:TGV
1808:(7)
1704:TGV
1516:TGV
1402:TIM
1265:(3)
1253:AVI
1100:(3)
786:PSD
715:PSD
620:No.
487:of
4392::
3472:UN
2614:.
2494:^
2489:).
2092:1
2073:7
2068:1
2049:6
2044:1
2025:5
2020:1
2001:4
1960:1
1941:2
1936:2
1913:1
1783:—
1764:—
1740:—
1715:—
1664:7
1636:—
1617:—
1554:6
1486:—
1467:—
1436:—
1417:—
1336:5
1234:—
1215:—
1148:4
1120:—
1060:/
1014:3
980:—
961:—
936:—
917:—
881:—
862:—
797:2
734:1
696:—
677:—
495:.
400:/
386::
3449:e
3442:t
3435:v
2886:e
2879:t
2872:v
2851:*
2661:e
2654:t
2647:v
2618:.
2589:.
2576:.
2563:.
2534:.
2518:.
2505:.
2163:–
2159:–
2123:%
1995:3
1966:3
1924:/
1497:)
1490:(
1394:)
1392:.
1387:(
1372:)
1365:(
1304:)
1297:(
1188:)
1184:(
900:)
896:(
845:)
841:(
825:)
821:(
778:)
774:(
670:)
472:e
465:t
458:v
300:)
291:)
282:)
62:)
58:(
48:)
44:(
20:)
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