1342:
that their successful raids had been contested by regular army units. The militia forces are not known to have faced any other test that would permit an appraisal of their performance in home defence or as auxiliaries to the regular army. There was some evidence that local commanders had not responded energetically to their responsibility for training and supervising militia units. Militia units were reportedly generously equipped with arms, transport, and uniforms. In
November 1985, it was announced that the first contingent of "armed people" trained as paratroopers had made a demonstration drop. Thousands of People's Militiamen were part of the Libyan expeditionary force that was airlifted to
1333:
barriers between the countries of the Arab homeland, and of creating the single Arab
Jamahiriya from the ocean to the gulf". In March 1985, it was announced that the National Command of the Revolutionary Forces Command in the Arab Nation had been formed with Gaddafi at its head. A number of smaller radical Arab groups from Lebanon, Tunisia, Sudan, Iraq, the Persian Gulf states, and Jordan were represented at the inaugural meeting. Syrian Ba'ath Party and radical Palestinian factions were also present. Each of these movements was expected to earmark 10 per cent of its forces for service under the new command. As of April 1987, there was no information confirming the existence of such a militia.
62:
2515:
1393:(aqid) after assuming power, Gaddafi maintained a ceiling on the grade level of his officer corps in keeping with his desire to avoid the ostentatious public image that the generals of the monarchy had conveyed. In January 1976, the Arab Socialist Union's National Congress attempted to promote Gaddafi to major general. The Libyan leader stated that he would accept the honour as an expression of gratitude from his compatriots but would retain the title of colonel because it had become an accepted and traditional part of his name.
1301:. They served as a parallel channel of control, a means of ideological indoctrination in the barracks, and an apparatus for monitoring suspicious behavior. The Revolutionary Guards reportedly held the keys to ammunition stockpiles at the main military bases, doling it out in small quantities as needed by the regular forces. Their influence increased after a coup attempt in May 1985, that was blocked mainly thanks to the action of the Revolutionary Guard that engaged regular army units in a series of street battles.
431:
Gaddafi began to dismiss, arrest, or execute every officer above the rank of colonel in the armed forces, as well as some other lower-ranking officers closely linked to the monarchy. Then he began to reorganise the armed forces in line with his foreign policy plans. Expansion of the army and amalgamation of the CDF and NSF into the army was the first priority, and by 1970 the force numbered nearly 20,000. Attention was also focused on the Air Force, with the pre-coup strength of 400 personnel and ten
406:
1313:, a body recruited primarily among dissidents from Sudan, Egypt, Tunisia, Mali, and Chad. West African states with Muslim populations have also been the source of some personnel. Believed to consist of about 7,000 individuals, the force has received training from experienced Palestinian and Syrian instructors. Some of those recruited to the legion were said to have been forcibly impressed from among nationals of neighboring countries who migrated to Libya in search of work.
986:
1374:
Arab countries. The standard field uniform for Libyan paratroopers (Army commandos) was a two-piece camouflage uniform made of water repellent cotton. The shirt was similar in design to the United States Army fatigue shirt. The shirt and trousers were camouflaged in blue-green, light green, and dark brown. The standard headgear for paratroopers was a sky-blue beret. The uniforms of the air force, however, continued to resemble in both style and colour the uniforms of the
1320:, the force was organized into one armored, one infantry, and one paratroop/commando brigade. It has been supplied with T-54 and T-55 tanks, armored personnel carriers, and EE-9 armored cars. The Islamic Pan-African Legion was reported to have been committed during the fighting in Chad in 1980 and was praised by Gaddafi for its success there. However, it was believed that many of the troops who fled the Chadian attacks of March 1987 were members of the Legion.
514:
1166:
1445:
1389:, but some modifications were introduced in light of the small size of the Libyan military establishment. In early 1979, the system prescribed by law still included nine officer grades and five enlisted ranks; there were no warrant officer equivalents. Although three general officer grades continued to be authorised, they have not been used since the 1969 coup. Promoted to the grade of
365:, were established under British command. Because the high mobility of the desert campaigns required a considerable degree of technical and mechanical expertise, the Libyan forces were used primarily as auxiliaries, guarding military installations and prisoners. One battalion, however, participated in the fighting at
1332:
were being announced from time to time. The goal, according to the Libyan press, would be to assemble an army of one million men and women fighters to prepare for the great Arab battle – "the battle of liberating
Palestine, of toppling the reactionary regimes, of annihilating the borders, gates, and
372:
After
Britain succeeded in occupying the Libyan territories, the need for the British-trained and equipped Sanusi troops appeared to be over. The Sanusi Army was reluctant to disband, however, and the majority of its members arranged to be transferred to the local police force in Cyrenaica under the
1001:
was created after the US and UK pressured then-ruling King Idris to modernise his armed forces so that they could better stand off against revolutionary regimes in the Middle East. The LAF was created in 1963. The Libyan Air Force had an estimated personnel strength of 22,000 in 2005. There were 13
456:
consisted of 25,000 volunteers with an additional 25,000 conscripts (total 50,000). At that time, the army was organised into 11 border defence and 4 security zones, one regime security brigade, 10 tank battalions, 10 mechanized infantry battalions, 18 infantry battalions, 6 commando battalions, 22
1373:
When the army and navy were formed, the uniforms adopted by each service reflected
British military and naval tradition. Modifications have occurred over the intervening years, however, and in early 1987 Libyan uniforms were similar to those worn by military personnel of a number of Middle-Eastern
1341:
In 1987 the mission of the 45,000 People's
Militia was territorial defence, and it was to function under the leadership of local military commanders. Gaddafi contended that it was the People's Militia that met the Egyptian incursions during the border clash of 1977, although the Egyptians insisted
413:
Meanwhile, Idris formed a navy in 1962 and an air force in 1963. He attempted to counter his growing doubts about the loyalty of the army by stripping it of potential. He placed loyal but often unqualified
Cyrenaicans in all senior command positions, limited the armed forces to 6,500 men, kept the
430:
of July 1967 was an important factor in the coup, as the officers believed that Libya should have dispatched forces to aid Egypt and the other Arab states. Idris had also tried to reform the military, but only half-heartedly, further frustrating young Libyan officers. Immediately after the coup,
357:. Shortly after Italy entered the war, a number of Libyan leaders living in exile in Egypt called on their compatriots to organise themselves into military units and join the British in the war against the Axis powers. Five battalions, which were initially designed for guerrilla warfare in the
960:
exported $ 1,920,185 of equipment including assault rifles for 'civilian and military end-users' to Libya in 2009. In 2008 Serbia exported $ 1,613,280 of equipment including automatic rifles and sub-machine guns. There also were large deliveries to brokers acting as intermediaries for several
509:
in the 1970s and 1980s and eventually became largely obsolete. A high percentage remained in storage and a large amount of equipment was also sold to various
African countries. No major purchases of equipment had been made in recent years largely due to the decline of the economy and military
510:
sanctions experienced throughout the 1990s. This and various other internal factors had seriously decayed the strength of the whole of the Libyan Armed Forces over the years and it lagged behind its major neighbours in terms of its military capabilities and real war fighting capability.
967:
delivered €7,936,000 of what were described as 'non-military items' to Libya in 2009. There was a mistake in original reports which gave the value as €79 million. Despite being marked as 'non-military items,' the shipment comprised 1,800 Benelli 12 gauge shotguns, 7,500 semi-automatic
1189:
to defend the coastline, but with a very limited self-defence capability. The Navy has always been the smallest of Libya's services and has always been dependent on foreign sources for equipment, spare parts, and training. The total personnel of the Libyan Navy is about 8,000.
473:
team were training Libyan special forces. Under
Gaddafi, conscription was listed as 18 months. In addition, seven military regions had been listed in various sources as part of the Gaddafi-era military. These regions appear to have included the Western Military Region
1297:, even if the latter had at first been introduced only into workplaces and communities, and not extended to the military. After the early 1980s, however, the Revolutionary Guard, as a paramilitary wing of the Revolutionary Committees, became entrenched within the
1354:. Like the other Libyan units sent to Uganda, the People's Militia was ill-prepared (some militiamen were not even informed that they were supposed to fight, and had believed theirs to be a pure training mission) and consequently suffered heavy losses during the
1213:
were amalgamated with the Navy in 1970, extending the Navy's mission to include anti-smuggling and customs duties. Originally Libya received six submarines from the Soviet union in 1982, but it is very unlikely that the submarines are still operational.
953:
delivered €1,850,594 worth of material in the category of small arms in 2006. In 2009, the country licensed the delivery of €3.73 million of material in the category of ammunition. It is not clear whether all 3.73 million of material was actually
1639:
Royal Malta
Artillery Centenary (1861–1961) Major A. Samut-Tagliaferro, M.B.E.. R.M.A., A Short historical sketch commemorating the Royal Malta Artillery's first one hundred years as a regular artillery corps of the British
425:
These measures did not prevent, however, a group of army officers led by then Captain Muammar Gaddafi (a signals officer) seizing power on 1 September 1969. Pollack says that the defeat of the Arabs during the
401:
officers retained by Idris to train and advise the new armed forces deemed the force entirely untrustworthy. They increasingly saw their role as to watch the army rather than to raise its effectiveness.
946:
Even in the five years between 2005 and 2009, large quantities of arms and ammunition were delivered to Libya. It is not always clear which armed service or police organisation received the weaponry.
409:
From November 1959, 3 L.A.A. Regiment and 11 H.A.A. Regiment (Royal Malta Artillery) formed the backbone of a mobile anti-aircraft force in Libya. (Source: P.R.S. Malta & Libya B.F.P.O. 51: 240/5)
333:, the total number of Libyan personnel was estimated at 780,000 though that war wore the military's numbers away. There was no separate defence ministry; all defence activities were centralised under
1688:, accessed June 2011. See also Mattes, H. (1985) Von der Prätorianergarde König Idris I. zum Konzept des bewaffneten Volkes. Ein Beitrag zur Militärgeschichte Libyens. In Orient. 26(4): 523–548.
575:
The Libyan ground forces had a large amount of mostly Soviet equipment in service. These numbers do not take into account equipment destroyed or captured during the 2011 Libyan civil war.
3477:
2309:
Derek Lutterbeck, 'Arming Libya: Transfers of Conventional Weapons Past and Present,' Contemporary Security Policy, 30:3 (December 2009), pp 505–528, online published 30 November 2009
3472:
1013:, became a Libyan Air Force installation and was renamed Okba Ben Nafi Air Base. The base housed the LPAF's headquarters and a large share of its major training facilities.
1480:
3467:
415:
337:. There was a High Command of the Armed Forces (al-Qiyada al-ulya lil-quwwat al-musallaha). Arms production was limited and manufacturers were state-owned. Colonel
1908:
1505:
Hanspeter Mattes, Challenges to Security Sector Governance in the Middle East: The Libyan Case, Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2004 <
3457:
1519:"Libya defence & security report : including 3-year industry forecasts by BMI". Libya Defence & Security Report (Q4 2010). United Nations: 56–61.
373:
British military administration. When Libya gained its independence in 1951, veterans of the original Sanusi Army formed the nucleus of the Royal Libyan Army.
2184:
1824:
Amnesty International, 'Arms Transfers to the Middle East and North Africa: Lessons for an Effective Arms Trade Treaty,' ACT 30/117/2011, 2011, pp. 41–46.
465:') was one of the main regime protection forces, and was considered by US diplomats in 2009 as the most capable of defending the regime. In addition, the
422:
Bedouin loyal to the Sanussi. Together the two forces had a total of 14,000 men armed with helicopters, armoured cars, anti-tank weapons, and artillery.
1938:
1856:
1651:
1649:
In 1952 the CDF had 600 personnel organised as a personal bodyguard for the Emir. By 1969 the force had 6,000 personnel, organised into battalions.
3338:
3108:
2616:
2242:
2167:
1878:
976:
semi-automatic carbines. They were destined for the General People's Committee for Public Security, effectively Libya's Ministry of the Interior.
552:
of 1987, largely due to poor tactics and Western aid to Chad. All of these incursions were eventually repulsed and Libya no longer occupies the
2029:
1706:
1317:
579:
2340:
International Crisis Group, 'Holding Libya Together: Security Challenges after Qadhafi,' Africa/Middle East Report No. 115, 14 December 2011
151:
2908:
2091:
1747:
2210:
1683:
1298:
2601:
2353:
3253:
3447:
3093:
2125:
1177:
The Libyan Navy is the maritime force of Libya, established in November 1962. It is a fairly typical small navy with a few missile
2300:
382:
1748:"Amazigh World Congress for Military General Commander of south Libya region, the Touareg Ali Kenna to join the Libyan rebilion"
1197:
was delivered in 1966. Initially the effective force was limited to smaller vessels, but this changed after the rise of Colonel
1016:
All combat aircraft of the Libyan Air Force that were not in the rebel forces' hands were destroyed by NATO bombings during the
3030:
2482:
2384:
1475:
1217:
Much of the Libyan Navy was rendered inoperable by NATO bombing in 2011, and the exact number of surviving vessels is unknown.
1916:
385:, were still present after independence and stayed in Libya until at least 1957. Despite the Sanussi lineage of the new army,
3442:
3113:
2269:
2275:
1721:
277:
2643:
2628:
2312:
Kenneth M. Pollack, Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness 1948–91, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, 2002,
1108:
Vega / SA-5 Gammon long range missile systems – 8 battalions of 6 launchers each at 4 sites and an estimated 380 missiles;
1836:
1801:
1593:
698:
3452:
2420:
505:
Though the Libyan army had a large amount of fighting equipment at its disposal, the vast majority was bought from the
17:
2327:
2317:
2133:
2004:
1976:
537:
troops departed Lebanon, the Libyan troops were essentially abandoned and had to find their own way home, if at all.
2653:
2502:
2492:
1422:
1379:
727:
31:
529:
escalated. In the spring of 1979, after the Arab League had extended the mandate of the Arab Deterrent Force, the
3462:
2901:
2861:
2638:
2188:
856:
2068:
3364:
2472:
2335:
2139:
1600:
742:
390:
3128:
2925:
2648:
2623:
2545:
2440:
1769:
1294:
393:' coup of 1952 in Egypt led many Libyan officers to be disenchanted with Idris and become great followers of
2239:
257:
3411:
3407:
2633:
2164:
1968:
1852:
1658:
144:
2555:
687:
541:
453:
314:
163:
113:
1255:, until his death in October 2011. Composed of 3,000 men hand-picked from Gaddafi's tribal group in the
3420:
3023:
2894:
2711:
2611:
2377:
1328:
In an effort to realise Gaddafi's vision of a united Arab military force, plans for the creation of an
1268:
1886:
1559:
Gaub, Florence (2019). "Like father like son: Libyan civil–military relations before and after 2011".
3168:
2535:
1460:
1287:
1232:
466:
248:
1545:
605:
Russian official sources reported in 2010 that T-72s would be modernised with help from Russia. 750
3403:
3278:
3268:
3073:
2810:
2734:
1272:
719:
414:
army lightly armed, and built up two rival paramilitary units, the National Security Force and the
2021:
1346:
in 1979. The Libyan troops were supposed to help defend the collapsing regime of Ugandan dictator
3283:
3173:
3103:
2706:
2540:
2497:
1930:
1375:
1351:
1105:
1041:
1035:
1029:
293:
269:
265:
469:
also served as a brigade-sized protection force for Gaddafi. In 2009, it emerged that a British
3343:
3263:
3228:
3213:
3198:
3153:
3088:
2467:
2415:
1283:
817:
564:
498:. The final military region appears to have been the Southern Military Region headquartered at
273:
229:
3394:
3218:
3016:
2828:
2775:
2739:
2701:
2663:
2570:
2370:
2101:
1532:
1427:
1017:
919:
330:
281:
61:
3318:
3293:
3143:
3138:
3118:
3083:
3068:
2980:
2961:
2729:
2696:
2668:
2514:
2445:
2435:
1406:
1386:
712:
669:
534:
522:
1362:. Amin's government was overthrown, and the surviving Libyans were forced to flee Uganda.
8:
3390:
3381:
3372:
3303:
3273:
3258:
3243:
3233:
3223:
3188:
3183:
3133:
3078:
3053:
2917:
2658:
2430:
2350:
470:
378:
338:
173:
35:
435:'Freedom Fighter' jet fighters planned to be supplemented with large-scale purchases of
3313:
3308:
3248:
3203:
3163:
3058:
3039:
2996:
2950:
2780:
2749:
2606:
2565:
2550:
2523:
1576:
1310:
1071:
764:
526:
394:
2297:
3368:
3288:
3238:
3193:
3178:
3158:
3148:
3123:
3063:
2823:
2815:
2795:
2589:
2575:
2450:
2331:
2323:
2313:
2265:
2204:
2129:
2115:
2096:
2064:
2000:
1992:
1972:
1763:
1677:
1580:
1520:
1359:
1065:
973:
969:
867:
802:
350:
132:
3298:
3208:
3098:
2969:
2933:
2854:
2763:
2744:
2684:
2477:
2402:
1616:
See "Britain, Libya and the Suez Crisis", Journal of Strategic Studies, April 2007.
1568:
1417:
1365:
It is not clear whether the force still existed by the time of the 2011 civil war.
1355:
1006:
998:
757:
548:. The Libyan Army suffered great losses in these conflicts, especially that of the
318:
204:
117:
1572:
2785:
2724:
2460:
2425:
2357:
2322:
Mansour O. El-Kikhia's Libya's Qaddafi: The Politics of Contradiction, pub 1997,
2304:
2259:
2246:
2171:
1960:
1840:
1725:
1718:
1484:
1252:
1198:
1111:
907:
903:
658:
358:
334:
306:
219:
156:
108:
2870:
2835:
2805:
2800:
1385:
Originally the rank structure of all three services was similar to that of the
1329:
1059:
1010:
923:
911:
821:
475:
462:
458:
261:
137:
1833:
1808:
405:
3436:
2790:
2560:
2455:
2410:
1604:
1524:
1449:
1129:
1077:
935:
795:
681:
665:
621:
457:
artillery battalions, 4 SSM brigades and 7 air defence artillery battalions.
288:
168:
1201:
in 1969. From this time, Libya started to buy armaments from Europe and the
2875:
2716:
1248:
1210:
1202:
1053:
1047:
990:
852:
654:
553:
506:
499:
432:
398:
386:
374:
354:
186:
2119:
1597:
985:
639:
The IISS estimated artillery in service in 2009 as totaling 2,421 pieces.
540:
From the late 1970s to around 1987, the armed forces were involved in the
2990:
2944:
2939:
1506:
1454:
1402:
1186:
1160:
871:
829:
820:, as well as AA guns in Army service. A separate Air Defence Command had
791:
787:
629:
427:
322:
253:
121:
1432:
1091:
840:
738:
633:
549:
436:
563:
The Libyan Army ceased functioning following the rebel victory in the
3008:
2052:
1182:
1123:
863:
628:, plus BMDs. Other reported wheeled vehicles in service include 1000
419:
362:
2886:
1477:
A Tragedy of Arms: Military and Security Developments in the Maghreb
513:
349:
The roots of the 1951–2011 Libyan armed forces can be traced to the
1347:
1280:
1276:
1178:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1117:
950:
899:
844:
825:
495:
1165:
1020:, effectively leading to the destruction of the Libyan Air Force.
782:
Anti-tank missiles reported in service included 400 French/German
1448:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1390:
1206:
1194:
848:
487:
1343:
957:
895:
879:
875:
772:
617:
610:
606:
483:
366:
926:, and a number of RPG-type and anti-aircraft missile systems:
341:
was the last minister of defence of the Gaddafi-era military.
2487:
2393:
1286:
taken from the army inventory. As of 2005, its commander was
1256:
1245:
1098:
964:
931:
927:
887:
814:
783:
734:
705:
625:
530:
491:
479:
1909:"Libyan naval vessels bombed in three ports by NATO forces"
1368:
1264:
1260:
1094:
Volga / SA-2 Guideline – 6 Brigades with 18 launchers each;
915:
833:
810:
806:
776:
691:
598:
592:
586:
557:
545:
3478:
Military units and factions of the Libyan civil war (2011)
2217:
1782:
Britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/31428/Arab-Deterrent-Force
891:
883:
771:
Surface-to-surface missiles reported in service included
647:
2362:
1101:
Pechora / SA-3 Goa – 9 Brigades with 12 launchers each;
1626:
1624:
1622:
1259:
region, the Guard was well armed, being provided with
3473:
Military units and formations disestablished in 2011
749:
The IISS also estimated that Libya had 500 mortars:
1959:
1619:
1316:According to the Military Balance published by the
2114:
1991:
1396:
3468:Military units and formations established in 1969
2240:Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia of the Armed Forces
961:countries including Libya in 2005, 2006 and 2007.
941:
839:Reported anti-aircraft artillery included Soviet
381:and comprising 25th Armoured Brigade and briefly
3434:
1750:. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018
1009:, a previous US facility about seven miles from
2261:Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991
2019:
1965:Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991
1931:"Gaddafi killed in hometown, Libya eyes future"
980:
2351:Further reading on tribal/regime split of army
1309:In about 1980, Gaddafi introduced the Islamic
344:
3458:Military units and formations of the Cold War
3024:
2902:
2378:
1707:International Institute for Strategic Studies
1318:International Institute for Strategic Studies
1225:
397:. This situation reached the stage that the
51:
30:For the Libyan armed forces of the NTC, see
1885:(in Russian). 22 March 2011. Archived from
1293:The Revolutionary Guard developed from the
676:647+ towed artillery pieces were reported:
27:1977–2011 combined military forces of Libya
3031:
3017:
2909:
2895:
2385:
2371:
2089:
1251:key protection force of the government of
801:In 2009 the IISS estimated that Libya had
303:Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
66:Coat of arms of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
60:
46:Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
2264:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
2238:Library of Congress Country Study, 1988,
2234:
2232:
2159:
2157:
2053:"Libya and the U.S.: Qadhafi Unrepentant"
2022:"Libya and the U.S.: Qadhafi Unrepentant"
582:estimated tank numbers in 2009 as 2,025:
326:
311:القوات المسلحة للجماهيرية العربية الليبية
125:
53:القوات المسلحة للجماهيرية العربية الليبية
1369:Uniforms, ranks, and insignia as of 1987
1290:, a cousin of the former Libyan leader.
1164:
1005:After US forces had left Libya in 1970,
984:
862:Small arms reported in service included
512:
404:
353:(popularly known as the Sanusi Army) of
2257:
2223:
2050:
1997:The Military Balance in the Middle East
1915:. New York. 21 May 2011. Archived from
642:444 SP artillery pieces were reported:
442:
14:
3435:
3038:
2229:
2209:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2154:
2071:from the original on 15 September 2008
1941:from the original on 24 September 2015
1802:"Middle East Military Balance, (2005)"
1682:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1507:http://se2.dcaf.ch/serviceengine/Files
1496:IISS Military Balance 2011, p. 7, 320.
1323:
1220:
34:. For the modern Libyan military, see
3012:
2916:
2890:
2366:
2090:Gershowitz, Suzanne (15 April 2005).
1853:"Libyan air force 'no longer exists'"
1304:
521:Libya dispatched a contingent to the
2032:from the original on 25 January 2013
1709:, The Military Balance 2009, p. 256.
1558:
2163:Library of Congress Country Study,
1834:Middle East Military Balance: Libya
1594:Library of Congress Country Studies
1378:, which served as a model when the
1336:
1114:– 9 acquisition and 27 firing units
389:quickly came to distrust them. The
310:
52:
24:
2421:Islamic Tripolitania and Cyrenaica
2291:
2278:from the original on 20 March 2023
1859:from the original on 24 March 2011
616:The IISS estimated there were 500
25:
3489:
2344:
2258:Pollack, Kenneth Michael (2004).
2142:from the original on 14 July 2012
570:
486:), the Mountain Military Region (
325:and other services including the
3339:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3109:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2513:
2298:Global Security Article on Libya
2051:Eljahmi, Mohamed (Winter 2006).
2020:Mohamed Eljahmi (January 2006).
1737:Jane's World Armies, March 2011.
1443:
1085:Surface-to-Air Missiles include:
728:Type 63 multiple rocket launcher
613:were also reported by the IISS.
544:with four major incursions into
490:), and regions headquartered at
482:), the Eastern Military Region (
32:National Liberation Army (Libya)
3448:2011 disestablishments in Libya
2617:Foreign relations under Gaddafi
2177:
2108:
2083:
2044:
2013:
1985:
1953:
1923:
1901:
1871:
1845:
1827:
1818:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1740:
1731:
1712:
1700:
1691:
1643:
1397:After the 2011 Libyan civil war
1350:, an ally of Gaddafi, amid the
624:reconnaissance vehicles, 1,000
478:), the Middle Military Region (
329:. In November 2010, before the
1633:
1610:
1587:
1552:
1512:
1499:
1490:
1469:
972:pistols, and 1,900 cal 9xI9mm
942:Arms and ammunition deliveries
743:RM-70 multiple rocket launcher
13:
1:
2624:Government of National Accord
1879:"Каддафи перехитрил сам себя"
1573:10.1080/13629395.2017.1385166
1438:
798:, all of Soviet manufacture.
3443:1969 establishments in Libya
2629:Government of National Unity
1969:University of Nebraska Press
1002:military airbases in Libya.
981:Air & Air Defence Forces
843:, 23 mm self-propelled
7:
1411:
1023:
836:Gecko missiles, plus guns.
517:Libyan Air Defence missiles
345:Origins and history 1945–69
95:; 13 years ago
77:; 47 years ago
10:
3494:
1999:. Greenwood. p. 108.
1400:
1158:
525:in Lebanon in 1976 as the
224:$ 1.90 billion (2008 est.)
29:
3453:Military history of Libya
3352:
3327:
3046:
2975:Libyan Air Defense Forces
2960:
2924:
2848:
2771:
2762:
2692:
2683:
2597:
2588:
2531:
2522:
2511:
2401:
2392:
2165:Other Paramilitary Forces
1768:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1461:Federal Research Division
1288:Hasan al-Kabir al-Gaddafi
1233:Revolutionary Guard Corps
1226:Revolutionary Guard Corps
720:multiple rocket launchers
713:M114 155 mm howitzer
467:Revolutionary Guard Corps
418:which was recruited from
287:
249:Military history of Libya
243:
238:
228:
218:
213:
203:
195:
185:
180:
162:
150:
143:
131:
107:
89:
71:
59:
50:
45:
3094:Central African Republic
2735:National Oil Corporation
2654:House of Representatives
1423:National Liberation Army
1295:Revolutionary Committees
1238:Liwa Haris al-Jamahiriya
733:122 mm – 530: ε200
416:Cyrenaican Defence Force
2303:13 January 2019 at the
2245:10 January 2009 at the
2170:27 January 2013 at the
1376:United States Air Force
1154:
818:surface-to-air missiles
686:122 mm – 250: 190
542:Chadian–Libyan conflict
447:
294:Military ranks of Libya
278:Gulf of Sidra incidents
3463:Disbanded armed forces
2985:Libyan Military Police
1697:Pollack, 2002, p. 360.
1630:Pollack, 2002, p. 359.
1561:Mediterranean Politics
1540:Cite journal requires
1456:Libya: A Country Study
1174:
994:
920:KPV heavy machine guns
857:Bofors 40 mm guns
711:155 mm – ?
664:155 mm – 174: 14
653:152 mm – 140: 60
565:First Libyan Civil War
518:
439:fighters from France.
410:
383:10th Armoured Division
3254:São Tomé and Príncipe
3114:Republic of the Congo
2649:High Council of State
2356:13 March 2016 at the
2057:Middle East Quarterly
1839:14 March 2007 at the
1724:26 April 2021 at the
1428:Free Libyan Air Force
1168:
988:
556:or any other part of
533:, the Saudis and the
516:
408:
331:2011 Libyan Civil War
282:2011 Libyan Civil War
2981:Libyan National Army
2730:Great Man-Made River
2634:Presidential Council
2446:Italian Tripolitania
2441:Italian colonization
1407:Libyan National Army
1387:British Armed Forces
1062:– 16;(G2A-E version)
993:fighter-bomber, 1985
898:assault rifles, the
601:– 150; 115 in store.
595:– 600; 462 in store;
523:Arab Deterrent Force
443:Forces under Gaddafi
3329:States with limited
3040:Military of Africa
2483:Libya under Gaddafi
2431:Hospitaller Tripoli
2226:, pp. 369–372.
1961:Pollack, Kenneth M.
1937:. 20 October 2011.
1352:Uganda–Tanzania War
1330:Islamic Arab Legion
1324:Islamic Arab Legion
1221:Paramilitary forces
918:heavy machine gun,
779:-B (416 missiles).
741:; ε100 RM-70 Dana (
730:– an estimated 300;
471:Special Air Service
379:Middle East Command
339:Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr
313:) consisted of the
270:Uganda–Tanzania War
266:Egyptian–Libyan War
174:Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr
164:Minister of Defence
36:Libyan Armed Forces
2997:Libyan Coast Guard
2951:Libyan Coast Guard
2644:Head of government
2191:on 27 January 2013
2116:Metz, Helen Chapin
1993:Cordesman, Anthony
1483:6 May 2023 at the
1311:Pan-African Legion
1305:Pan-African Legion
1175:
1173:in Valletta, 2005.
995:
765:160mm Mortar M1943
763:160 mm – ε24
756:120 mm – ε48
697:130 mm – 330
680:105 mm – 42+
646:122 mm – 130
527:Lebanese Civil War
519:
502:in the southeast.
461:'s 32nd Brigade ('
411:
395:Gamal Abdel Nasser
274:Chadian–Libyan War
18:Pro-Gaddafi forces
3430:
3429:
3356:other territories
3129:Equatorial Guinea
3006:
3005:
2918:Military of Libya
2884:
2883:
2844:
2843:
2758:
2757:
2679:
2678:
2612:Foreign relations
2584:
2583:
2473:Allied occupation
2451:Italian Cyrenaica
2271:978-0-8032-0686-1
2104:on 18 April 2009.
2097:The Baltimore Sun
2092:"Same Old Kadafi"
2065:Middle East Forum
2026:Middle East Forum
1814:on 14 March 2007.
1664:on 8 October 2013
1382:was established.
1360:Battle of Entebbe
1120:/ SA-8 Gecko – 50
974:Beretta Cx4 Storm
970:Beretta Px4 Storm
868:Browning Hi-Power
753:82 mm – 428;
704:152 mm – 25
632:and Czechoslovak
589:– 1000+ T-54/T-55
351:Libyan Arab Force
299:
298:
205:Reserve personnel
16:(Redirected from
3485:
3417:
3416:(United Kingdom)
3412:Tristan da Cunha
3408:Ascension Island
3400:
3387:
3378:
3354:Dependencies and
3047:Sovereign states
3033:
3026:
3019:
3010:
3009:
2970:Libyan Air Force
2934:Libyan Air Force
2911:
2904:
2897:
2888:
2887:
2864:
2857:
2769:
2768:
2720:
2690:
2689:
2595:
2594:
2529:
2528:
2517:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2250:
2236:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2208:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2187:. Archived from
2181:
2175:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2100:. Archived from
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2017:
2011:
2010:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1849:
1843:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1807:. Archived from
1806:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1681:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1663:
1657:. Archived from
1656:
1647:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1603:14 July 2012 at
1591:
1585:
1584:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1528:
1516:
1510:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1488:
1473:
1464:
1447:
1446:
1418:Green Resistance
1380:Libyan Air Force
1356:Battle of Lukaya
1337:People's Militia
1242:Jamahiriya Guard
1007:Wheelus Air Base
999:Libyan Air Force
758:120-PM-43 mortar
377:troops, part of
327:People's Militia
319:Libyan Air Force
312:
258:1969 coup d'état
239:Related articles
234:1.9% (2008 est.)
196:Active personnel
152:Brotherly Leader
126:People's Militia
118:Libyan Air Force
109:Service branches
103:
101:
96:
85:
83:
78:
64:
55:
54:
43:
42:
21:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3425:
3415:
3398:
3385:
3376:
3357:
3355:
3348:
3332:
3330:
3323:
3042:
3037:
3007:
3002:
2956:
2920:
2915:
2885:
2880:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2840:
2811:Public holidays
2754:
2718:
2675:
2580:
2518:
2509:
2503:2014–2020
2461:Libyan genocide
2426:Spanish Tripoli
2397:
2391:
2358:Wayback Machine
2347:
2305:Wayback Machine
2294:
2292:Further reading
2281:
2279:
2272:
2254:
2253:
2247:Wayback Machine
2237:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2202:
2201:
2194:
2192:
2185:"Archived copy"
2183:
2182:
2178:
2172:Wayback Machine
2162:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2136:
2128:. p. 267.
2113:
2109:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2018:
2014:
2007:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1971:. p. 386.
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1919:on 1 July 2012.
1907:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1889:on 24 June 2018
1883:Рамблер/новости
1877:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1841:Wayback Machine
1832:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1811:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1726:Wayback Machine
1717:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1652:"Archived copy"
1650:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1592:
1588:
1557:
1553:
1541:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1485:Wayback Machine
1474:
1470:
1453:
1444:
1441:
1414:
1409:
1401:Main articles:
1399:
1371:
1339:
1326:
1307:
1253:Muammar Gaddafi
1228:
1223:
1199:Muammar Gaddafi
1169:Libyan frigate
1163:
1157:
1026:
983:
944:
912:PK machine guns
908:RPK machine gun
722:were reported:
573:
450:
445:
359:Jabal al Akhdar
347:
335:Muammar Gaddafi
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
172:
157:Muammar Gaddafi
124:
120:
116:
99:
97:
94:
81:
79:
76:
67:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3491:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:Western Sahara
3418:
3401:
3388:
3379:
3365:Canary Islands
3361:
3360:
3358:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
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3266:
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3256:
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3146:
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3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3013:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2937:
2930:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2891:
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2879:
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2873:
2866:
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2858:
2850:
2849:
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2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2714:
2709:
2707:Communications
2704:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2566:Municipalities
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2490:
2488:State of Libya
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2346:
2345:External links
2343:
2342:
2341:
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2310:
2307:
2293:
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2288:
2270:
2252:
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2134:
2107:
2082:
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2012:
2005:
1984:
1977:
1952:
1922:
1900:
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1586:
1567:(2): 181–195.
1551:
1542:|journal=
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1211:Harbour police
1159:Main article:
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982:
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978:
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924:SG-43 Goryunov
855:, and Swedish
822:SA-2 Guideline
769:
768:
761:
754:
747:
746:
731:
716:
715:
709:
702:
695:
684:
674:
673:
668:; 160 VCA 155
662:
651:
603:
602:
596:
590:
572:
571:Army equipment
569:
463:Khamis Brigade
459:Khamis Gaddafi
449:
446:
444:
441:
346:
343:
297:
296:
291:
285:
284:
262:Yom Kippur War
245:
241:
240:
236:
235:
232:
230:Percent of GDP
226:
225:
222:
216:
215:
211:
210:
207:
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
189:
183:
182:
178:
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48:
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26:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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3479:
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3466:
3464:
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3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3169:Guinea-Bissau
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
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3027:
3022:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3011:
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2989:
2984:
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2900:
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2859:
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2837:
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2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
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3404:Saint Helena
3375:
3279:South Africa
3269:Sierra Leone
3074:Burkina Faso
2776:Demographics
2740:Oil reserves
2702:Central Bank
2664:Human rights
2602:Constitution
2571:Subdivisions
2280:. Retrieved
2260:
2224:Pollack 2004
2219:
2193:. Retrieved
2189:the original
2179:
2144:. Retrieved
2120:
2110:
2102:the original
2095:
2085:
2073:. Retrieved
2060:
2056:
2046:
2034:. Retrieved
2025:
2015:
1996:
1987:
1964:
1955:
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1934:
1925:
1917:the original
1912:
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1891:. Retrieved
1887:the original
1882:
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1847:
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1796:
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1778:
1752:. Retrieved
1742:
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1666:. Retrieved
1659:the original
1645:
1635:
1612:
1589:
1564:
1560:
1554:
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1514:
1509:>, p. 13.
1501:
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1471:
1455:
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1384:
1372:
1364:
1340:
1327:
1315:
1308:
1299:armed forces
1292:
1249:paramilitary
1241:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1216:
1203:Soviet Union
1192:
1187:patrol boats
1176:
1171:Al Ghardabia
1170:
1084:
1083:
1015:
1004:
996:
945:
861:
853:M53/59 Praga
838:
800:
781:
770:
748:
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717:
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655:2S3 Akatsiya
641:
638:
615:
604:
577:
574:
562:
554:Aouzou Strip
539:
520:
507:Soviet Union
504:
451:
433:Northrop F-5
424:
412:
399:British Army
387:King Idris I
375:British Army
371:
355:World War II
348:
302:
300:
247:
187:Conscription
133:Headquarters
40:
3331:recognition
3284:South Sudan
3174:Ivory Coast
2991:Libyan Navy
2945:Libyan Navy
2940:Libyan Army
2697:Agriculture
2075:29 February
1487:. Page 220.
1403:Libyan Army
1161:Libyan Navy
872:Beretta M12
830:SA-5 Gammon
809:Grail, and
786:, and 620+
630:EE-11 Urutu
454:Libyan Army
428:Six-Day War
323:Libyan Navy
315:Libyan Army
254:Six-Day War
214:Expenditure
122:Libyan Navy
114:Libyan Army
3437:Categories
3386:(Portugal)
3344:Somaliland
3264:Seychelles
3229:Mozambique
3214:Mauritania
3199:Madagascar
3154:The Gambia
3089:Cape Verde
2796:Literature
2719:(currency)
2556:Ecoregions
2336:0813014883
2282:2 February
1913:Daily News
1893:2 February
1791:IISS 2009.
1668:13 October
1439:References
1433:Brigade 93
1193:Its first
954:delivered.
841:57 mm S-60
739:BM-21 Grad
650:Carnation;
634:OT-64 SKOT
550:Toyota War
437:Mirage III
420:Cyrenaican
361:region of
145:Leadership
3219:Mauritius
2781:Education
2750:Transport
2712:Companies
2607:Elections
2551:Districts
2524:Geography
2146:1 January
1581:158659445
1525:1749-1517
1183:corvettes
1124:9K38 Igla
1072:Mirage F1
1060:G-2 Galeb
1018:civil war
902:, Soviet
864:TT pistol
659:M-77 Dana
363:Cyrenaica
191:18 months
181:Personnel
90:Disbanded
3410: /
3406: /
3399:(France)
3393: /
3371: /
3367: /
3319:Zimbabwe
3294:Tanzania
3144:Ethiopia
3139:Eswatini
3119:Djibouti
3084:Cameroon
3069:Botswana
2871:Category
2829:Olympics
2824:Football
2816:Religion
2659:Military
2590:Politics
2576:Wildlife
2354:Archived
2301:Archived
2276:Archived
2243:Archived
2205:cite web
2168:Archived
2140:Archived
2118:(2004).
2069:Archived
2030:Archived
1995:(2004).
1963:(2002).
1939:Archived
1857:Archived
1837:Archived
1764:cite web
1722:Archived
1678:cite web
1601:Archived
1481:Archived
1412:See also
1348:Idi Amin
1281:ZSU-23-4
1179:frigates
1148:2K12 Kub
1142:ZSU-57-2
1136:ZSU-23-4
1118:9K33 Osa
1066:Mirage 5
1024:Aircraft
951:Bulgaria
900:FN F2000
851:, Czech
845:ZSU-23-4
826:SA-3 Goa
670:Palmaria
620:and 700
531:Sudanese
496:Benghazi
321:and the
209:900,000+
3395:Réunion
3391:Mayotte
3382:Madeira
3377:(Spain)
3373:Melilla
3304:Tunisia
3274:Somalia
3259:Senegal
3244:Nigeria
3234:Namibia
3224:Morocco
3189:Liberia
3184:Lesotho
3134:Eritrea
3104:Comoros
3079:Burundi
3054:Algeria
2972:(part)
2855:Outline
2820:Sports
2764:Culture
2745:Tourism
2685:Economy
2546:Climate
2536:Borders
2478:Kingdom
2436:Ottoman
2411:Ancient
2403:History
2174:, 1988.
1945:30 June
1935:Reuters
1607:, 1987.
1391:colonel
1267:tanks,
1207:Customs
1195:warship
1112:Crotale
1106:S-200VE
1011:Tripoli
989:Libyan
849:ZU-23-2
803:Crotale
737:; ε230
611:BTR-60s
488:Gharyan
476:Tripoli
244:History
199:780,000
171:(first)
138:Tripoli
98: (
80: (
72:Founded
3414:
3397:
3384:
3314:Zambia
3309:Uganda
3249:Rwanda
3204:Malawi
3164:Guinea
3059:Angola
2999:(part)
2993:(part)
2953:(most)
2947:(part)
2936:(part)
2876:Portal
2786:Health
2725:Energy
2717:Dinar
2541:Cities
2396:
2334:
2326:
2316:
2268:
2195:3 July
2132:
2126:US GPO
2036:16 May
2003:
1975:
1863:16 May
1754:16 May
1640:Army).
1579:
1523:
1452:.
1344:Uganda
1246:Libyan
1244:was a
1205:. The
1132:– 278;
1126:– 380;
1104:Almaz
1097:Almaz
1090:Almaz
1042:MiG-25
1036:MiG-23
1030:MiG-21
958:Serbia
896:AK-103
880:FN FAL
876:FN P90
832:, and
794:, and
773:FROG-7
626:BMP-1s
618:BRDM-2
607:BTR-50
484:Tobruk
367:Tobruk
307:Arabic
220:Budget
176:(last)
3369:Ceuta
3289:Sudan
3239:Niger
3194:Libya
3179:Kenya
3159:Ghana
3149:Gabon
3124:Egypt
3064:Benin
2862:Index
2836:Women
2806:Music
2801:Media
2416:Roman
2394:Libya
2121:Libya
2063:(1).
1812:(PDF)
1805:(PDF)
1662:(PDF)
1655:(PDF)
1598:Libya
1577:S2CID
1257:Sirte
1240:) or
1150:– 50;
1144:– 75;
1099:S-125
1054:Su-24
1048:Su-22
1032:– 127
991:Su-22
965:Malta
932:RPG-7
928:RPG-2
888:AK-47
834:SA-8b
815:SA-13
784:MILAN
735:BM-11
706:ML-20
690:; 60
682:M-101
666:M-109
657:; 80
500:Sabha
492:Kufra
480:Sirte
289:Ranks
3299:Togo
3209:Mali
3099:Chad
2669:LGBT
2498:2011
2332:ISBN
2324:ISBN
2314:ISBN
2284:2019
2266:ISBN
2211:link
2197:2021
2148:2012
2130:ISBN
2077:2012
2038:2016
2001:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1947:2017
1895:2019
1865:2016
1770:link
1756:2016
1684:link
1670:2013
1546:help
1521:ISSN
1405:and
1358:and
1284:SAMs
1279:and
1277:SA-8
1273:MRLs
1269:APCs
1265:T-62
1263:and
1261:T-54
1230:The
1209:and
1185:and
1155:Navy
1092:S-75
1080:– 31
1074:– 19
1068:– 12
1056:– 36
1050:– 98
1044:– 56
1038:– 76
997:The
916:DShK
894:and
847:and
811:SA-9
807:SA-7
796:AT-5
792:AT-4
788:AT-3
777:SCUD
775:and
718:830
699:M-46
692:D-74
688:D-30
609:and
599:T-72
593:T-62
587:T-55
580:IISS
578:The
558:Chad
546:Chad
494:and
448:Army
301:The
100:2011
93:2011
82:1977
75:1977
2962:LNA
2926:GNA
1719:BBC
1569:doi
904:RPD
892:AKM
884:SKS
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648:2S1
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