719:
1364:
1517:
1136:
383:
606:'s leadership at Motown, Gaye and Wonder were reluctantly given artistic control to approach their albums more seriously in what had generally been a single-focused soul genre, leading to a series of innovative records from the two during the 1970s. Similar to white prog musicians, black artists of this movement directed their creative control toward ideals of "individualism, artistic progression and writing for posterity", along with concerns related to the
3971:
547:
1020:
1215:
848:, which had been progressive rock-oriented in the late 1960s, changed to a progressive soul format in 1971 and over time developed into an important media source for the African-American community. Progressive soul stations played extended soul recordings past the typical single length, as was the case with the nine-and-a-half-minute-long
1408:
prog soul of the '70s, with a strong, jazzy undercurrent, but it's much more than that. Bilal's reedy, Sly-meets-Prince voice runs down metaphysical and personal subjects overtop a continuously changing musical landscape ..." According to the music journalist Chris
Campbell, Q-Tip (through his group
1205:
albums. Parliament-Funkadelic also fell into disarray with mismanagement of its various musical projects, drug abuse among many of its members, and
Clinton's professional disputes with their record label, culminating in the end of the collective's original run by 1981. Stone suffered a similar fate,
1151:
Clinton's
Parliament-Funkadelic collective achieved a corresponding success as a concert attraction, selling out large arenas and auditoriums while performing in sprawling fashion, with musicians dressed in eccentric costumes. As Keister chronicles, by the mid-1970s, Clinton had conceived an
634:
to produce young people who are more interested in the unfettered exploration of intellectual, artistic, sexual and political possibilities than in the mainstream goals of wealth, power and conformity"; he adds that this subculture among
African Americans grew in proportion to
662:
Among the prog-rock characteristics shared in black progressive music of this period were extended composition, diverse musical appropriation, and making music for the purpose of concentrated listening as opposed to dancing. Progressive soul vocalists incorporated complex
1355:
as a
Philadelphia-based correlative within this collective, adds that they took "the progressive-soul tradition of Marvin Gaye, Curtis Mayfield and Prince and it a hip-hop twist". The commercial success of artists marketed as neo soul, such as Scott, Badu, and
371:. However, partly in response to jealousy among veteran performers and prejudice in general, recording acts in the early rock era generally gravitated toward either one of the three stylistic influences from which the genre had primarily originated – R&B,
1065:
Also hugely popular, Wonder and Gaye's progressive soul albums sold millions of copies during the 1970s. Wonder's series of albums in particular were conceived with high artistic aspirations and proved much celebrated, winning the musician many
1450:
critic Robert Loss as "a mechanical construction composed for the usefulness of others". Loss adds that her use of various genres, both individually and in combination with each other, "serves a progressive ideology" and acts as "a response to
203:
genres. It developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s through the recordings of innovative black musicians who pushed the structural and stylistic boundaries of those genres. Among their influences were musical forms that arose from
1201:". The original wave of progressive soul was "short-lived", however, with Himes noting its decline by the late 1970s. In Mayfield's case, he withdrew from public life after a series of lawsuits and poorly-received
1152:"elaborate stage show designed for his touring group called P-Funk, presenting his dual projects as a single, collective entity"; he "ruled over several dozen musicians in a tour that resembled a
2498:
648:
wave at the same time as white musicians, but with one major difference. If the overall imperative of the time was that music must progress, for
African Americans it was more specifically that "
718:
749:
to "Village Ghetto Land" (1976), lending a sense of irony to the song's otherwise bleak critique of social ills in urban ghettos. Mayfield's socially- and politically charged 1970 album
745:
mythology. Some artists borrowed elements from
European-American traditions to augment a song's lyrical idea. For example, Wonder added pleasant-sounding instrumental textures from a
983:(by Parliament) are other notable releases, with the latter a concept album culminating Clinton's Afrofuturist musical aspirations. Wonder's mid 1970s albums are also highlighted by
239:
sources. Musical characteristics commonly found in works of the genre are traditional R&B melodies, complex vocal patterns, rhythmically unified extended composition, ambitious
2969:
1040:
journalist Robert Ford, who noted his ability to "pack people into whenever the mood struck him". In the wake of Sly and the Family Stone's politicized and pessimistic hit album
3387:
993:
regarded as a peak for its endless musical ideas and lavish yet energetic style. Backus notes among the genre's many politically charged works to include the
Temptations song "
3515:
1197:, Ian Dove said that all three groups represented "a fair cross section of the progressive soul genre", while adding that soul in general had become "the trendy rage in
844:
along racial and social lines, while his leadership of the Family Stone made them among the first racially- and gender-integrated popular acts. The
Philadelphia station
1160:
that he never would have imagined just a few years earlier when his touring musicians were forced to improvise costumes out of garment bags from the dry cleaners". The
566:, this "progressive-soul movement flourished" from 1968 to 1973 and demonstrated "adventurous rock guitar, socially conscious lyrics and classic R&B melody", while
2929:
1144:
828:
of the late 1960s and early 1970s was "a workshop for progressive soul", according to cultural anthropologist
Micaela di Leonardo, who credits the radio station
2949:
2867:
2565:
1400:
journalist David Dacks says the singer's variant of soul is "utterly contemporary, meaning it's a mix of everything that's come before while adding a raft of
2480:
530:
earlier in the decade, jazz fusion was another emerging subform to concede rock influences in a parent genre that had otherwise been exclusive to a cultural
1613:" by the 1980s with the rise of serious critical study around the genre and a decline in stereotyping the music as being exclusively for teenage listeners.
534:. These events inspired greater musical sophistication and diversity of influences, ambitious lyricism, and conceptual album-oriented approaches in black
3490:
2584:
3537:
2889:
1540:
1360:, helped lend the genre credence as the modern manifestation of progressive soul in both mainstream and subcultural milieus through the 2000s.
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618:
music professor Jay Keister. However, he notes that the pursuit of individuality sometimes challenged the collective political values of the
2909:
1259:
the following year, he proclaimed that the original movement's expansion of R&B's "musical and lyrical boundaries" remained unrivalled.
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across the US and reaching "an ever-broader audience". The latter magazine cited the commercial breakthroughs of Earth, Wind & Fire and
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3436:
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3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
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3169:
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Ford, Robert (February 15, 1975). "Talent in Action – Sly and the Family Stone, Kool and the Gang (Radio City Music Hall, New York)".
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2802:
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467:
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as legal and drug issues interfered with his productivity and presence in the music industry throughout the late 1970s and 1980s.
1082:") was among the most successful black-music records at the time, leading album sales for 1975 with more than 1.1 million copies.
989:
writer Dominic Maxwell as "prog soul of the highest order, pushing the form yet always heartfelt, ambitious and listenable", with
737:
alongside those from Brown and the Motown sound. Both Clinton's collective and Sun Ra applied thematic concepts associated with
729:
Progressive soul musicians also used a variety of non-traditional influences, much like the Beatles had in the 1960s. Clinton's
2606:
1304:
magazine's Tony Green credits the latter two artists with pioneering the prog-soul revival that would peak by the early 2000s.
1048:
769:
2711:
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to unify an extended recording. Altering instrumental textures were also used instead as a way of signifying a change in the
691:
of an extended track. Applications of these elements featured in songs such as Funkadelic's "Wars of Armageddon" (1971) and
4009:
1459:', wherein the African American is constantly aware of self and the self as seen by whites". Saadiq's 2011 prog-soul album
302:, among others. Since the 1980s, both prominent American and British acts have recorded music in its tradition, including
3460:
2673:
4267:
2853:
2662:
1311:, an experimental black-music collective active from the late 1990s to the early 2000s. Often marketed under the term "
4277:
3919:
3858:
3553:
3425:
3323:
3269:
3250:
3013:
3000:
2780:
2737:
2554:
2523:
1245:. The latter three groups are cited by Himes as spearheading the movement's rebirth in the UK, which other acts like
1132:
s Phyl Garland, Earth, Wind & Fire was "the leading exponent of progressive soul" through the end of the decade.
696:
429:, whose recordings altogether span as early as the 1950s, while the jazz writer Rob Backus cites an early example in
158:
3280:
2575:
1046:(1971), a wave of similarly fashioned soul songs began to dominate the radio. By the release of the band's 1973 LP
671:
resources used by progressive white artists, who tended to distinguish their extended compositions with song-based
3871:
3588:
417:, which released more refined and slick productions distinct from other R&B-leaning rock. The music academic
486:
In the late 1960s, the structural and stylistic boundaries of African-American music were pushed further by the
3545:
1535:
1007:
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871:
751:
615:
591:
3242:
1042:
636:
3924:
3904:
1384:
853:
607:
256:
441:, another emerging subgenre, utilized an eclectic range of elements such as exotic instrumentation from
4292:
4236:
3975:
3581:
1363:
994:
657:— Jay Keister, "Black Prog: Soul, Funk, Intellect and the Progressive Side of Black Music of the 1970s"
3670:
4287:
4282:
2485:
418:
1469:, an old-fashioned keyboard most often played in progressive and psychedelic rock, and evoking what
1168:) landing on stage and Clinton strutting down its ramp to greet the live audience as his alter ego,
4002:
3234:
935:
818:
575:
291:
3043:
1600:
have been used interchangeably with reference to progressive soul at the turn of the 21st century.
1477:
performs in a similar form of soul as Monáe on the 2020 song "Truth Without Love" (from the album
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4257:
3776:
2721:
2654:
2534:
2476:
2434:
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1344:
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1218:
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genres were creating music in a manner influenced by progressive rock. According to music critic
315:
4231:
4164:
3897:
3628:
3140:
2842:
Icons of R & B and Soul: An Encyclopedia of the Artists who Revolutionized Rhythm, Volume 1
1570:
1429:
1262:
By 1990, younger American artists were renewing the progressive-soul tradition. These included
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434:
368:
364:
188:
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critic Lucy Wynne remarks that progressive soul is "very on-trend at the moment", noting the
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903:
730:
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In the mid-1960s, several new musical forms arose that diversified rock. Among them was the
4189:
3837:
3120:
2611:
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1410:
1242:
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eventually proved among the most acclaimed albums in history, and Earth, Wind & Fire's
1036:
908:
507:
410:
213:
3334:
2794:
2628:
1275:
8:
3995:
3623:
3520:
3005:
2872:
2729:
2455:
1405:
1382:, Bilal soon turned more to progressive soul and jazz performance, recording albums like
1348:
1291:
1255:
825:
619:
133:
3093:"Black Prog: Soul, Funk, Intellect and the Progressive Side of Black Music of the 1970s"
797:" (1967). However, Clinton's themes were more party-centric, influenced by contemporary
3811:
3771:
3723:
3713:
3392:
2678:
1597:
1565:
1501:
1357:
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in their singing, while instrumentalists used techniques learned from jazz. Unlike the
623:
479:
innovations with a harder sound primarily intended to induce or enhance the listener's
458:
260:
252:
102:
3542:
Hearing Luxe Pop: Glorification, Glamour, and the Middlebrow in American Popular Music
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Wonder (shown in 1973) recorded a series of innovative prog-soul albums in the 1970s.
519:
487:
363:. This trend was expedited by the exposure of young white listeners and musicians to
303:
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1401:
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1307:
At the start of the 21st century, the leading artists of progressive soul were the
1250:
951:
863:
In discussing the exemplary prog-soul albums of this period, Himes names Hendrix's
725:(1973), another singer-songwriter, producer, and multi-instrumentalist in the genre
491:
476:
472:
438:
386:
344:
221:
217:
205:
153:
70:
65:
3491:"The Progressive Underground Show 210: Modern Soul Divas Edition (feat. Goapelle)"
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570:
says the genre was "flowering" in 1971. Among the musicians at its forefront were
319:
4042:
3863:
3842:
3665:
3538:"Isaac Hayes and Hot Buttered (Orchestral) Soul, from Psychedelic to Progressive"
3301:
3174:
3145:
2995:
2824:
2651:
Black Radio/Black Resistance: The Life & Times of the Tom Joyner Morning Show
2546:
2429:
1555:
1485:
1441:
1437:
1424:
Along with Bilal, prog-soul singer-songwriters in the 21st century have included
1300:
1283:
1169:
1164:
concerts climaxed with the highly popular conceit of a spacecraft-like prop (the
1116:
1112:
1085:
Progressive soul's name and rise in the mainstream were both reported in 1975 by
998:
913:
794:
688:
587:
442:
430:
287:
272:
148:
3368:"After a False Start, The Neo-Soul Genre Picks Up Steam on the Mainstream Track"
4047:
4032:
3914:
3791:
3511:
3312:
The 100 Greatest Bands of All Time: A Guide to the Legends Who Rocked the World
2863:
2542:
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1340:
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833:
746:
684:
563:
554:
By the 1970s, many African-American recording artists primarily working in the
454:
414:
236:
2756:
Garland, Phyl (May 1979). "Phyl Garland's Basic Library of Rhythm-and-Blues".
1135:
231:
Progressive soul music can feature an eclectic range of influences, from both
4251:
4097:
4072:
3892:
3832:
3437:"R.I.P. Stephen 'Steve' Leon, Host of 'My Father's Son' on WDAS (Circa 1968)"
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The original progressive soul movement peaked in the 1970s with the works of
232:
138:
2585:"Iconic Producer and Rapper Q-Tip Blurs Genre Lines to Push Hip-Hop Forward"
4221:
4211:
4196:
4148:
4133:
4128:
4057:
3566:
3281:"70s Motown Albums You Need To Know: Overlooked Soul Classics Rediscovered"
3083:
2790:
2446:
1496:
1394:(released in 2010 on an independent label). In discussing the latter work,
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806:
738:
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327:
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118:
2970:"The Curmudgeon: Black Bohemian Music from Sly to Prince to Janelle Monáe"
832:
with showcasing the music of local acts like Sly and the Family Stone and
275:. Their lyrics, while challenging, can also be marked by irony and humor.
4201:
4179:
4092:
4052:
3157:
2494:
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1474:
1413:, his own solo career, and other productions) "introduced a form of jazz
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1986:
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that heavily influenced the neo-soul and progressive soul movements".
1034:
Sly Stone was "the first superstar" of progressive soul, according to
382:
4123:
4107:
3887:
3806:
3781:
1530:
1473:'s Andy Kellman describes as "diseased flutes and wheezing strings".
1466:
1352:
1246:
1179:
In February 1975, Parliament-Funkadelic played a co-billed show with
1096:
985:
802:
786:
781:. Clinton also explored the African-American experience and drew on "
708:
571:
546:
527:
376:
359:
origins toward the musical forms that would be known more broadly as
143:
123:
3573:
1225:
During the 1980s, artists who made recordings in the genre included
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3751:
3690:
3685:
3315:
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2845:
2633:
2460:
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1396:
1312:
1282:. More emerged as the decade ensued, including the British singers
1238:
1019:
790:
567:
352:
323:
97:
3353:
Politis, John (Winter 1983). "Rock Music's Place in the Library".
789:
and the Beatles, pointing specifically to the latter's element of
759:" and orchestral-laden works like "Wild and Free", which employed
4216:
3786:
3746:
3465:
2767:
Glickman, Simon (1992). "Sly Stone". In Rubiner, Julia M. (ed.).
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collective, is considered a derivative development of the genre.
518:
experiments, which incorporated elements from rock, electronic,
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877:
837:
764:
692:
644:
Many of the leading African-American musicians were riding the
453:-length works. This trend emphasized the album format over the
449:, along with highly developed lyrical concepts composed across
390:
1095:
magazine, which said the "relatively new" genre was impacting
3987:
3816:
3653:
1425:
1214:
1202:
531:
450:
393:'s former studio-headquarters and now museum, with photos of
348:
248:
3170:"Janelle Monae comes back down to earth on 'Dirty Computer'"
1787:
483:
rather than for relaxation, dance, or analytical listening.
421:
traces the origins of progressive soul to Motown as well as
4169:
3495:
3444:
2589:
1173:
829:
760:
559:
356:
244:
200:
60:
3192:"Bilal's New A Love Surreal Was Inspired by Salvador Dali"
3059:
Keister, Jay; Sheinbaum, John J; Smith, Jeremy L. (2019).
2055:
2053:
1853:
1851:
1489:
magazine's James McNair as "astro-soul". Writing in 2021,
840:
audience, Stone's songs appealed to tolerance, peace, and
367:
played by ambitious disc jockeys on radio stations in the
1938:
1926:
1378:
While having debuted with a popular R&B single for a
3262:
Avant Rock: Experimental Music from the Beatles to Bjork
2700:
Without Frontiers: The Life & Music of Peter Gabriel
2532:
2188:
1920:
1868:
1866:
1172:(who resembled a flamboyantly dressed, extraterrestrial
1107:"). The continued success of the O'Jays with their hit "
1062:
had proclaimed Stone "the founder of progressive soul".
3299:
McNair, James (November 2020). "Alicia Keys – Alicia".
2769:
Contemporary Musicians: Profiles of the People in Music
2050:
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1826:
1824:
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1820:
1818:
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1682:
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1678:
1663:
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1651:
1649:
1145:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
3214:"Power Up: Janelle Monáe, Afrofuturism, and Plurality"
2539:
All Music Guide: The Definitive Guide to Popular Music
2282:
2121:
622:. Himes categorizes the progressive soul movement as "
326:
wave of the late 1990s and early 2000s, featuring the
3239:
Listening to the Future: The Time of Progressive Rock
3058:
2133:
1902:
1863:
1632:
1315:", their members recorded collectively at New York's
703:
were often extended and elaborately-composed R&B
683:
sources, including the use of an underlying rhythmic
2694:
Easlea, Daryl (2018). "18: The Tremble in the Hips:
2330:
2294:
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2258:
2232:
2230:
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2203:
2178:
2176:
2065:
2026:
1890:
1815:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1675:
1646:
1512:
1436:. Monáe's work features Afrofuturist aesthetics and
1388:(which alienated his label and went unreleased) and
1119:
and a variety of electronic effects that rival some
699:" (1973). The contemporaneous album-length works of
338:
2393:
2342:
2109:
2014:
1962:
1710:
2215:
2145:
2038:
1974:
1950:
1878:
1440:concepts, including narratives written around the
1343:(formerly of Tony! Toni! Toné!). Himes, who cites
541:
538:, leading to the development of progressive soul.
243:guitar, and instrumental techniques borrowed from
3461:"Album review: Leon Bridges – Gold-Diggers Sound"
2405:
2318:
2306:
2227:
2200:
2173:
1836:
1775:
1758:
1014:
4249:
3061:"American Progressives of the 1970s: A Colloquy"
2366:
1115:'s production highlighted for the use of "voice
3023:Holsey, Steve (January 1978). "On the Record".
2354:
1609:The term "rock music" had gradually displaced "
1541:Grammy Award for Best Progressive R&B Album
1221:, a progressive soul singer-songwriter, in 2008
923:(1973). Martin also cites albums from Wonder (
4003:
3589:
3412:
2994:
2566:"The week's 29 best concerts: Nov. 30-Dec. 6"
2004:
1793:
1736:
801:, and often incorporated lowbrow elements of
247:. Prog-soul artists often write songs around
195:approach, particularly in the context of the
1404:sonic touches. At its heart is the classic,
1253:would join by 1988. However, in a piece for
860:" is considered a classic prog-soul single.
733:collective prominently used influences from
267:, sometimes employing thematic devices from
2648:
1944:
755:featured both the extended prog-soul song "
4010:
3996:
3596:
3582:
3385:
3068:The American Music Research Center Journal
2288:
1123:efforts by white musicians". According to
514:also made an impact with his wide-ranging
3309:
2194:
1005:' "Rich Get Richer" (from the 1975 album
3516:"Recordings: Meet the New Melody Makers"
2766:
2604:
2582:
2489:(Podcast). No. 143. Interviewed by
2336:
2276:
2059:
1362:
1213:
1134:
1018:
717:
675:, African-American counterparts favored
545:
381:
3352:
3190:Lindsey, Craig D. (February 25, 2013).
3189:
3138:
3118:
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3033:
2789:
2755:
2516:Fire Music: A Political History of Jazz
2388:
2384:
2348:
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2020:
2008:
1968:
1932:
1908:
1872:
1857:
1830:
1809:
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1728:
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1669:
1657:
1444:persona Cindi Mayweather, described by
87:Late 1960s – early 1970s, United States
4250:
3434:
3332:
3298:
3278:
3259:
3233:
3100:American Music Research Center Journal
3022:
2820:"Joi: Star Kity's Revenge (Universal)"
2720:
2693:
2674:"Three Soul Groups Sing at Music Hall"
2563:
2513:
2399:
2300:
2221:
2032:
1992:
1980:
1956:
1921:Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2001
1896:
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1805:
1752:
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1704:
1700:
1636:
630:" in the sense of "any culture with a
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2967:
2947:
2927:
2907:
2887:
2862:
2839:
2817:
2805:from the original on February 1, 2021
2626:
2533:Bogdanov, Vladimir; Woodstra, Chris;
2501:from the original on January 23, 2021
2475:
2453:
2427:
2411:
2324:
2312:
2264:
2252:
2248:
2236:
2209:
2182:
2167:
2163:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2087:
2071:
1842:
1781:
1769:
785:" literature as well as the music of
777:unified by both rhythmic and melodic
711:and his spoken interludes (known as "
468:Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
3365:
3211:
2968:Himes, Geoffrey (October 31, 2013).
2948:Himes, Geoffrey (October 12, 2011).
2928:Himes, Geoffrey (October 28, 1994).
2746:
2671:
2372:
2151:
2099:
2044:
1640:
1588:
1586:
1070:and transforming his career. Gaye's
856:" (1969). Hayes' 1969 recording of "
3435:Warren, Bruce (February 20, 2012).
3164:
2888:Himes, Geoffrey (August 29, 1989).
2627:Dacks, David (September 21, 2010).
2481:"Jazz and Soul Singer Bilal Oliver"
2430:"Black Music: Progressing in Sound"
2360:
1633:Keister, Sheinbaum & Smith 2019
1370:(2016), noted for her multi-genre,
875:(1968), Sly and the Family Stone's
13:
3489:Campbell, Chris (April 16, 2017).
3482:
2605:Cochrane, Naima (March 26, 2020).
1995:, pp. 41, 205, 216, 239, 244.
1111:" (1974) was also discussed, with
1078:(with the help of its hit single "
14:
4304:
3920:Recording studio as an instrument
3859:Official Progressive Albums Chart
3310:Moskowitz, David V., ed. (2015).
3279:McCann, Ian (September 8, 2019).
3212:Loss, Robert (October 28, 2013).
3001:The New Rolling Stone Album Guide
2998:; Brackett, Nathan, eds. (2004).
2930:"Two Who Revive Progressive Soul"
2564:Boller, Jay (November 30, 2016).
1583:
773:was composed as a social-protest
339:Origins in early R&B and rock
159:recording studio as an instrument
3970:
3969:
3386:rtmsholsey (February 24, 2010).
3121:"Stone Rollin' – Raphael Saadiq"
2908:Himes, Geoffrey (May 16, 1990).
2702:(Revised and Updated ed.).
2583:Campbell, Chris (May 17, 2021).
1515:
977:(by Earth, Wind & Fire) and
510:. The jazz trumpeter-bandleader
3872:Progressive rock (radio format)
3036:"The Temptations' Masterpieces"
3034:Hopkins, Scott (May 14, 2020).
2672:Dove, Ian (February 15, 1975).
2420:
2378:
2242:
2157:
2093:
2077:
1998:
1799:
1742:
1191:. Reporting on the concert for
1052:(featuring the million-seller "
679:from both African-American and
542:Development and characteristics
4017:
3546:University of California Press
3388:"Neo-Soul: The Complete Story"
2868:"U.S. Soul, Reborn in Britain"
1722:
1694:
1626:
1603:
1536:Cultural impact of the Beatles
1015:Mainstream success and decline
616:University of Colorado Boulder
1:
3459:Wynne, Lucy (July 19, 2021).
2649:di Leonardo, Micaela (2019).
1620:
1156:, with a sizable budget from
3925:Timeline of progressive rock
3905:Contemporary classical music
3707:Progression-based EDM genres
971:from 1976). The 1975 albums
208:music's transformation into
7:
3418:Lights, Camera, Soundtracks
3416:; Griffin, Brendon (2008).
3335:"Black Moses – Isaac Hayes"
3139:Kendall, Jo (May 5, 2019).
1508:
1209:
1076:That's the Way of the World
974:That's the Way of the World
854:Runaway Child, Running Wild
637:their emerging middle class
608:African-American experience
347:was transitioning from its
257:African-American experience
10:
4309:
3366:Ross, Sean (May 8, 1999).
2818:Green, Tony (March 2002).
2726:Aaliyah: More Than a Woman
2629:"Bilal Airtight's Revenge"
2486:The Sound of Young America
333:
4268:20th-century music genres
4157:
4116:
4025:
3965:
3880:
3851:
3825:
3739:
3706:
3611:
3381:– via Google Books.
3114:– via colorado.edu.
2950:"Bilal '1st Born Second'"
2835:– via Google Books.
2005:Strong & Griffin 2008
1794:Hoard & Brackett 2004
1737:Hoard & Brackett 2004
1465:prominently utilizes the
869:(1968), the Temptations'
826:San Francisco music scene
115:
110:
91:
83:
49:
28:
23:
4278:Progressive music genres
3355:Drexel Library Quarterly
3333:Planer, Lindsay (n.d.).
2722:Farley, Christopher John
2535:Erlewine, Stephen Thomas
1576:
991:Songs in the Key of Life
936:Songs in the Key of Life
819:The Mothers of Invention
576:Sly and the Family Stone
292:Sly and the Family Stone
3777:Intelligent dance music
2795:"John Gourley. The Man"
2655:Oxford University Press
1523:Rhythm and blues portal
1103:(with their radio hit "
1043:There's a Riot Goin' On
763:to produce distinctive
251:-oriented concepts and
4165:African American music
3881:Miscellaneous articles
3536:Howland, John (2021).
3414:Strong, Martin Charles
3119:Kellman, Andy (n.d.).
2607:"2000: A Soul Odyssey"
2479:(September 30, 2010).
2454:Anon. (July 1, 2010).
1571:African-American music
1455:' critical notion of '
1375:
1222:
1185:Graham Central Station
1148:
1054:If You Want Me to Stay
1031:
1028:Earth, Wind & Fire
726:
654:
652:music must progress."
551:
406:
369:Northern United States
365:African-American music
300:Earth, Wind & Fire
189:African-American music
3740:Related genres/scenes
3612:By style and subgenre
3260:Martin, Bill (2015).
3091:Keister, Jay (2019).
2578:on November 30, 2016.
2456:"AllMusic Loves 1971"
1366:
1317:Electric Lady Studios
1217:
1189:Radio City Music Hall
1138:
1109:For the Love of Money
1022:
997:" (1970), the LPs of
980:Mothership Connection
968:Harvest for the World
941:The World Is a Ghetto
917:(1973), and Wonder's
909:Earth Wind & Fire
904:The World Is a Ghetto
885:(1971), Funkadelic's
731:Parliament-Funkadelic
721:
642:
549:
405:in the window display
385:
296:Parliament-Funkadelic
3548:. pp. 237–280.
3006:Simon & Schuster
2866:(January 13, 1988).
2793:(January 17, 2012).
2730:Simon & Schuster
2514:Backus, Rob (1976).
1457:double consciousness
1411:A Tribe Called Quest
1268:Terence Trent D'Arby
1243:Fine Young Cannibals
1056:"), Vernon Gibbs of
943:, along with 1971's
927:, along with 1972's
767:. Gaye's 1971 album
508:the Chamber Brothers
255:topics based in the
171:(often shortened to
3826:Associated theories
3521:The Washington Post
3400:on January 29, 2021
3141:"Record Collection"
2954:The Washington Post
2934:The Washington Post
2914:The Washington Post
2894:The Washington Post
2873:The Washington Post
2840:Gulla, Bob (2008).
1598:alternative R&B
1566:Alternative R&B
1292:Meshell Ndegeocello
1256:The Washington Post
1187:at New York City's
1147:in Washington, D.C.
1143:, preserved at the
891:(1971), Mayfield's
836:. Popular with the
817:'s recordings with
620:Black Arts Movement
490:experimentation of
185:progressive R&B
134:Black Arts Movement
103:alternative R&B
43:progressive R&B
3812:Rock in Opposition
3772:Experimental metal
3393:Michigan Chronicle
3168:(April 27, 2018).
3046:on August 14, 2020
2679:The New York Times
2518:. Vanguard Books.
1935:, pp. 12, 16.
1502:Gold-Diggers Sound
1391:Airtight's Revenge
1376:
1223:
1194:The New York Times
1158:Casablanca Records
1149:
1032:
957:the Isley Brothers
727:
697:Space Is the Place
669:European art music
552:
459:mainstream culture
407:
343:By the mid-1950s,
261:left-wing politics
253:socially conscious
4293:Soul music genres
4245:
4244:
3985:
3984:
3910:Psychedelic music
3767:Experimental rock
3605:Progressive music
3514:(July 15, 1992).
3197:The Village Voice
2982:on August 7, 2020
2890:"Curtis Mayfield"
2762:. pp. 72–77.
2713:978-1-787-59082-3
2130:, pp. 225–6.
1672:, pp. 79–81.
1551:Philadelphia soul
1276:Tony! Toni! Toné!
1264:Chris Thomas King
1166:P-Funk Mothership
1162:P-Funk Earth Tour
1141:P-Funk Mothership
1105:Walking in Rhythm
866:Electric Ladyland
811:experimental rock
707:characterized by
612:ethnomusicologist
413:of Detroit-based
166:
165:
50:Stylistic origins
4300:
4288:Progressive soul
4283:Progressive rock
4175:Mod (subculture)
4083:Psychedelic soul
4078:Progressive soul
4012:
4005:
3998:
3989:
3988:
3973:
3972:
3802:Post-progressive
3762:Experimental pop
3757:Canterbury scene
3598:
3591:
3584:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3431:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3396:. Archived from
3382:
3380:
3378:
3362:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3329:
3306:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3275:
3256:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3097:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3065:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3042:. Archived from
3030:
3019:
2996:Hoard, Christian
2991:
2989:
2987:
2978:. Archived from
2964:
2962:
2960:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2859:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2786:
2763:
2752:
2743:
2717:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2668:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2579:
2574:. Archived from
2560:
2529:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2171:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2097:
2091:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1945:di Leonardo 2019
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1861:
1860:, pp. 9–10.
1855:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1813:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1756:
1746:
1740:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1644:
1630:
1614:
1607:
1601:
1590:
1561:Psychedelic funk
1546:P-Funk mythology
1525:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1483:), described by
1453:W. E. B. Du Bois
1290:, and Americans
1251:the Housemartins
1131:
658:
594:(bandleader for
574:(bandleader for
473:psychedelic rock
471:. Concurrently,
439:Progressive rock
387:Hitsville U.S.A.
345:rhythm and blues
222:psychedelic soul
218:progressive rock
206:rhythm and blues
169:Progressive soul
154:psychedelic funk
92:Derivative forms
84:Cultural origins
71:psychedelic soul
66:progressive rock
24:Progressive soul
21:
20:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4153:
4117:Regional scenes
4112:
4043:Brown-eyed soul
4021:
4016:
3986:
3981:
3961:
3876:
3847:
3821:
3735:
3702:
3607:
3602:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3535:
3526:
3524:
3512:Himes, Geoffrey
3510:
3501:
3499:
3488:
3485:
3483:Further reading
3480:
3471:
3469:
3449:
3447:
3428:
3403:
3401:
3376:
3374:
3343:
3341:
3326:
3289:
3287:
3272:
3253:
3224:
3222:
3202:
3200:
3180:
3178:
3175:Chicago Tribune
3151:
3149:
3129:
3127:
3109:
3107:
3095:
3077:
3075:
3063:
3049:
3047:
3029:. Vol. 27.
3016:
2985:
2983:
2958:
2956:
2938:
2936:
2918:
2916:
2898:
2896:
2878:
2876:
2864:Himes, Geoffrey
2856:
2830:
2828:
2808:
2806:
2783:
2771:. Vol. 8.
2740:
2714:
2684:
2682:
2665:
2639:
2637:
2617:
2615:
2595:
2593:
2557:
2547:All Media Guide
2537:, eds. (2001).
2526:
2504:
2502:
2466:
2464:
2440:
2438:
2423:
2418:
2410:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2383:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2347:
2343:
2335:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2289:rtmsholsey 2010
2287:
2283:
2275:
2271:
2263:
2259:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2208:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2174:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2098:
2094:
2082:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2031:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2007:, p. 365;
2003:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1895:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1871:
1864:
1856:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1829:
1816:
1804:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1759:
1747:
1743:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1699:
1695:
1687:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1647:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1608:
1604:
1591:
1584:
1579:
1556:Progressive rap
1521:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1505:in particular.
1438:science fiction
1212:
1170:Dr. Funkenstein
1129:
1113:Gamble and Huff
1072:What's Going On
1026:, frontman for
1017:
999:Gil Scott-Heron
914:Head to the Sky
883:What's Going On
881:(1968), Gaye's
809:similar to the
795:I Am the Walrus
793:on songs like "
770:What's Going On
747:string ensemble
660:
656:
610:, according to
588:Curtis Mayfield
544:
435:Keep On Pushing
431:the Impressions
341:
336:
288:Curtis Mayfield
273:science fiction
187:) is a type of
149:progressive rap
17:
12:
11:
5:
4306:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4263:1970s in music
4260:
4258:1960s in music
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4232:Soul musicians
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4185:Motown Records
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4149:United Kingdom
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4048:Cinematic soul
4045:
4040:
4035:
4033:Blue-eyed soul
4029:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4015:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3992:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3922:
3917:
3915:Romantic music
3912:
3907:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3601:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3554:
3533:
3508:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3456:
3432:
3426:
3410:
3383:
3363:
3350:
3330:
3324:
3307:
3296:
3276:
3270:
3264:. Open Court.
3257:
3251:
3231:
3209:
3187:
3162:
3136:
3116:
3088:
3056:
3031:
3020:
3014:
2992:
2965:
2945:
2925:
2905:
2885:
2860:
2855:978-0313340444
2854:
2837:
2815:
2799:Cool Accidents
2787:
2781:
2764:
2753:
2744:
2738:
2718:
2712:
2691:
2669:
2664:978-0190870201
2663:
2646:
2624:
2602:
2580:
2561:
2555:
2543:Backbeat Books
2530:
2524:
2511:
2473:
2451:
2428:Anon. (1975).
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2404:
2392:
2377:
2365:
2353:
2341:
2329:
2317:
2305:
2293:
2281:
2269:
2267:, p. 129.
2257:
2255:, p. 129.
2241:
2226:
2214:
2199:
2197:, p. 446.
2195:Moskowitz 2015
2187:
2172:
2156:
2144:
2132:
2120:
2108:
2102:, p. 47;
2092:
2086:, p. 10;
2076:
2074:, p. 226.
2064:
2062:, p. 257.
2049:
2037:
2025:
2013:
1997:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1923:, p. 252.
1913:
1901:
1889:
1877:
1862:
1847:
1835:
1814:
1798:
1796:, p. 524.
1786:
1774:
1757:
1751:, p. 20;
1741:
1739:, p. 524.
1735:, p. 41;
1731:, p. 81;
1721:
1709:
1703:, p. 96;
1693:
1674:
1662:
1645:
1639:, p. 11;
1624:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1602:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1510:
1507:
1406:album-oriented
1341:Raphael Saadiq
1211:
1208:
1101:the Blackbyrds
1016:
1013:
965:from 1973 and
955:), as well as
834:Tower of Power
799:street culture
677:musical idioms
641:
592:George Clinton
564:Geoffrey Himes
543:
540:
415:Motown Records
340:
337:
335:
332:
175:; also called
164:
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26:
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15:
9:
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4099:
4098:Southern soul
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4073:Northern soul
4071:
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3894:
3893:Concept album
3891:
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3427:9781847670038
3423:
3420:. Canongate.
3419:
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3399:
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3389:
3384:
3373:
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3325:9781440803406
3321:
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3271:9780812699395
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3252:0-8126-9368-X
3248:
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3040:MusicFestNews
3037:
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3017:
3015:9780743201698
3011:
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2826:
2821:
2816:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2791:Gourley, John
2788:
2784:
2782:0-8103-5403-9
2778:
2774:
2773:Gale Research
2770:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2759:Stereo Review
2754:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2739:0-7434-5566-5
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2705:
2704:Omnibus Press
2701:
2697:
2692:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2660:
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2647:
2636:
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2556:9780879306274
2552:
2548:
2544:
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2531:
2527:
2525:9780917702006
2521:
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2396:
2390:
2386:
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2374:
2369:
2362:
2357:
2350:
2345:
2338:
2337:Campbell 2021
2333:
2326:
2321:
2314:
2309:
2303:, p. 54.
2302:
2297:
2290:
2285:
2278:
2277:Cochrane 2020
2273:
2266:
2261:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2223:
2218:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2196:
2191:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2154:, p. 16.
2153:
2148:
2142:, p. 16.
2141:
2136:
2129:
2124:
2118:, p. 55.
2117:
2112:
2106:, p. 55.
2105:
2101:
2096:
2090:, p. 55.
2089:
2085:
2080:
2073:
2068:
2061:
2060:Glickman 1992
2056:
2054:
2047:, p. 47.
2046:
2041:
2035:, p. vi.
2034:
2029:
2022:
2017:
2011:, p. 16.
2010:
2006:
2001:
1994:
1989:
1982:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1947:, p. 35.
1946:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1922:
1917:
1911:, p. 10.
1910:
1905:
1899:, p. 96.
1898:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1875:, p. 76.
1874:
1869:
1867:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1844:
1839:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1795:
1790:
1783:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1755:, p. 41.
1754:
1750:
1745:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1718:
1713:
1707:, p. vi.
1706:
1702:
1697:
1691:, p. 81.
1690:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1671:
1666:
1660:, p. 79.
1659:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1643:, p. 21.
1642:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1612:
1611:rock and roll
1606:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1582:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
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1494:
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1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1462:Stone Rollin'
1458:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1434:Janelle Monáe
1431:
1430:Anthony David
1427:
1422:
1420:
1419:bohemian chic
1416:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1385:Love for Sale
1381:
1373:
1369:
1368:Janelle Monáe
1365:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1319:and included
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1272:Lenny Kravitz
1269:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1231:Peter Gabriel
1228:
1220:
1216:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:Broadway show
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1126:Stereo Review
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:Grammy Awards
1063:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1029:
1025:
1024:Maurice White
1021:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
987:
982:
981:
976:
975:
970:
969:
964:
963:
958:
954:
953:
948:
947:
946:All Day Music
942:
938:
937:
932:
931:
926:
922:
921:
916:
915:
910:
906:
905:
900:
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633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:Stevie Wonder
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
548:
539:
537:
536:popular music
533:
529:
525:
524:Eastern music
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
482:
481:consciousness
478:
474:
470:
469:
465:' 1967 album
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
433:' 1964 song "
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
404:
403:Stevie Wonder
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
331:
329:
325:
321:
320:Janelle Monáe
317:
313:
309:
308:Peter Gabriel
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:Stevie Wonder
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
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227:
223:
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190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
139:concept album
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
116:
114:
109:
104:
101:
99:
96:
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82:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
53:
52:
48:
42:
39:
36:
33:
32:
31:
27:
22:
19:
4273:Music genres
4222:Stax Records
4212:Sophisti-pop
4197:Plastic soul
4158:Other topics
4144:Philadelphia
4077:
4058:Hip hop soul
3974:
3864:
3697:
3567:Google Books
3565:– via
3559:. Retrieved
3541:
3525:. Retrieved
3519:
3500:. Retrieved
3494:
3470:. Retrieved
3464:
3448:. Retrieved
3440:
3417:
3402:. Retrieved
3398:the original
3391:
3375:. Retrieved
3371:
3358:
3354:
3342:. Retrieved
3338:
3311:
3300:
3290:December 30,
3288:. Retrieved
3284:
3261:
3238:
3235:Martin, Bill
3223:. Retrieved
3217:
3201:. Retrieved
3195:
3179:. Retrieved
3173:
3156:– via
3150:. Retrieved
3144:
3128:. Retrieved
3124:
3108:. Retrieved
3103:
3099:
3084:colorado.edu
3082:– via
3076:. Retrieved
3071:
3067:
3048:. Retrieved
3044:the original
3039:
3024:
2999:
2984:. Retrieved
2980:the original
2973:
2957:. Retrieved
2953:
2937:. Retrieved
2933:
2917:. Retrieved
2913:
2897:. Retrieved
2893:
2877:. Retrieved
2871:
2841:
2829:. Retrieved
2823:
2807:. Retrieved
2798:
2768:
2757:
2748:
2725:
2699:
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2677:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2632:
2616:. Retrieved
2610:
2594:. Retrieved
2588:
2576:the original
2569:
2538:
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2484:
2465:. Retrieved
2459:
2447:Google Books
2445:– via
2439:. Retrieved
2435:Broadcasting
2433:
2421:Bibliography
2407:
2402:, p. 8.
2395:
2389:Kellman n.d.
2385:Gourley 2012
2380:
2368:
2356:
2349:Lindsey 2013
2344:
2332:
2320:
2308:
2296:
2284:
2272:
2260:
2244:
2217:
2190:
2159:
2147:
2140:Keister 2019
2135:
2123:
2111:
2095:
2084:Keister 2019
2079:
2067:
2040:
2028:
2021:Kendall 2019
2016:
2009:Keister 2019
2000:
1988:
1976:
1969:Hopkins 2020
1964:
1952:
1940:
1933:Keister 2019
1928:
1916:
1909:Keister 2019
1904:
1892:
1880:
1873:Garland 1979
1858:Keister 2019
1838:
1833:, p. 9.
1831:Keister 2019
1812:, p. 7.
1810:Keister 2019
1801:
1789:
1777:
1749:Keister 2019
1744:
1729:Politis 1983
1724:
1719:, p. 6.
1717:Keister 2019
1712:
1696:
1689:Politis 1983
1670:Politis 1983
1665:
1658:Politis 1983
1628:
1605:
1500:
1497:Leon Bridges
1490:
1484:
1478:
1460:
1445:
1423:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1372:Afrofuturist
1325:James Poyser
1309:Soulquarians
1306:
1299:
1261:
1254:
1224:
1199:discotheques
1192:
1181:Ohio Players
1178:
1150:
1124:
1092:Broadcasting
1090:
1086:
1084:
1080:Shining Star
1075:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1006:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
950:
944:
940:
934:
930:Talking Book
928:
925:Innervisions
924:
920:Innervisions
918:
912:
902:
892:
888:Maggot Brain
886:
882:
876:
870:
864:
862:
823:
807:toilet humor
768:
750:
739:Afrofuturism
728:
661:
655:
649:
643:
632:middle class
553:
496:Jimi Hendrix
485:
466:
457:and reached
411:Motown sound
408:
399:The Supremes
342:
328:Soulquarians
277:
269:Afrofuturism
230:
191:that uses a
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
167:
119:Afrofuturism
111:Other topics
18:
4202:Rare groove
4180:Mod revival
4139:New Orleans
4093:Smooth soul
4053:Future soul
3838:Eclecticism
3527:January 28,
3502:January 28,
3450:February 1,
3404:January 23,
3377:January 31,
3344:January 29,
3225:January 29,
3203:January 23,
3181:January 23,
3158:PressReader
3152:January 23,
3110:January 29,
3078:January 29,
3050:January 30,
2986:January 29,
2959:January 23,
2919:January 26,
2899:February 1,
2879:January 28,
2831:January 23,
2809:January 28,
2685:January 28,
2640:January 29,
2618:January 23,
2505:January 23,
2495:Maximum Fun
2491:Jesse Thorn
2467:January 27,
2441:January 30,
2400:McNair 2020
2301:Farley 2002
2222:Easlea 2018
2033:Backus 1976
1993:Martin 1998
1981:Boller 2016
1957:Warren 2012
1897:Martin 2015
1806:McCann 2019
1753:Martin 1998
1733:Martin 1998
1705:Backus 1976
1701:Martin 2015
1637:Holsey 1978
1475:Alicia Keys
1380:major label
1337:Erykah Badu
949:and 1973's
939:) and War (
933:and 1976's
850:Temptations
842:integration
815:Frank Zappa
783:Black Power
743:outer space
735:psychedelia
723:Isaac Hayes
701:Isaac Hayes
646:progressive
604:Berry Gordy
584:Marvin Gaye
520:avant-garde
512:Miles Davis
488:psychedelic
463:the Beatles
427:James Brown
423:Ray Charles
419:Bill Martin
395:Marvin Gaye
284:Marvin Gaye
265:bohemianism
226:jazz fusion
193:progressive
76:jazz fusion
29:Other names
16:Music genre
4252:Categories
4237:Yacht soul
4227:Swamp rock
4207:Samba rock
4103:Soul blues
4088:Retro-soul
4063:Latin soul
4019:Soul music
3867:(magazine)
3797:Proto-prog
3681:Avant-prog
3629:Electronic
3243:Open Court
3219:PopMatters
2571:City Pages
2412:Wynne 2021
2325:Dacks 2010
2313:Bilal 2010
2265:Green 2002
2253:Green 2002
2249:Himes 1994
2237:Himes 1988
2210:Himes 2011
2183:Himes 1989
2168:Himes 1989
2164:Himes 1990
2128:Gulla 2008
2116:Anon. 1975
2104:Anon. 1975
2088:Anon. 1975
2072:Gulla 2008
1885:Planer n.d
1843:Himes 2013
1782:Anon. 2010
1770:Himes 1990
1621:References
1447:PopMatters
1402:futuristic
1349:Jill Scott
1121:space rock
1059:Crawdaddy!
1003:the O'Jays
872:Cloud Nine
858:Walk on By
775:song cycle
757:Move on Up
709:leitmotifs
600:Funkadelic
596:Parliament
526:. As with
500:Arthur Lee
494:acts like
492:black rock
477:electronic
361:rock music
212:, such as
181:black rock
177:black prog
129:avant-funk
40:black rock
37:black prog
4108:Soul jazz
3888:Art music
3843:Formalism
3833:Auteurism
3807:Post-punk
3782:Krautrock
3729:Psytrance
3659:Metalcore
3619:Bluegrass
3472:August 2,
3372:Billboard
3285:uDiscover
3166:Kot, Greg
3130:April 19,
2910:"Records"
2749:Billboard
2612:Billboard
2373:Loss 2013
2152:Dove 1975
2100:Ford 1975
2045:Ford 1975
1641:Ross 1999
1531:Album era
1467:Mellotron
1353:the Roots
1247:Kane Gang
1097:pop radio
1087:Billboard
1037:Billboard
986:The Times
894:Super Fly
813:musician
803:absurdity
787:Bob Dylan
624:left-wing
602:). Under
572:Sly Stone
528:folk rock
475:utilized
443:classical
173:prog-soul
144:funk rock
124:album era
34:Prog-soul
4068:Neo soul
4038:Boogaloo
3976:Category
3792:New wave
3752:Art rock
3691:New prog
3686:Neo-prog
3361:: 78–92.
3339:AllMusic
3316:ABC-CLIO
3237:(1998).
3125:AllMusic
2939:June 28,
2846:ABC-CLIO
2803:Archived
2724:(2002).
2634:Exclaim!
2499:Archived
2461:AllMusic
2361:Kot 2018
1594:neo soul
1509:See also
1471:AllMusic
1415:sampling
1409:work in
1397:Exclaim!
1321:D'Angelo
1313:neo soul
1239:JoBoxers
1210:Revivals
1008:Survival
952:War Live
907:(1972),
897:(1972),
852:single "
791:nonsense
665:patterns
628:bohemian
568:AllMusic
353:big band
324:neo soul
237:European
98:Neo soul
4217:Soulboy
4134:Memphis
4129:Chicago
3787:New pop
3747:Art pop
3639:Hip hop
3624:Country
3561:July 9,
3466:Gigwise
3445:xpn.org
3441:The Key
2596:May 30,
1492:Gigwise
1442:android
1358:Maxwell
1333:J Dilla
1288:Des'ree
1280:After 7
1117:phasing
846:WDAS-FM
765:timbres
689:section
681:African
626:" and "
373:country
355:-based
334:History
233:African
4124:Africa
4026:Genres
3724:Trance
3714:Breaks
3552:
3424:
3322:
3268:
3249:
3106:: 5–22
3012:
2852:
2779:
2736:
2710:
2661:
2553:
2522:
1499:album
1480:Alicia
1432:, and
1351:, and
1339:, and
1278:, and
1241:, and
1227:Prince
1030:, 1975
1001:, and
878:Stand!
838:hippie
779:motifs
752:Curtis
693:Sun Ra
685:groove
673:suites
590:, and
522:, and
516:fusion
506:, and
455:single
401:, and
391:Motown
375:, and
322:. The
318:, and
304:Prince
298:, and
263:, and
224:, and
214:Motown
183:, and
4190:sound
3955:2010s
3950:2000s
3945:1990s
3940:1980s
3935:1970s
3930:1960s
3852:Media
3817:Zeuhl
3719:House
3654:Djent
3649:Metal
3096:(PDF)
3074:: 1–3
3064:(PDF)
3026:Sepia
2975:Paste
2477:Bilal
1592:Both
1577:Notes
1426:Dwele
1374:works
1345:Bilal
1329:Q-Tip
1219:Bilal
1203:disco
1130:'
1049:Fresh
962:3 + 3
761:harps
532:elite
461:with
451:album
349:blues
316:Bilal
249:album
4170:Funk
3898:List
3865:Prog
3698:Soul
3676:Rock
3671:Punk
3644:Jazz
3634:Folk
3563:2021
3550:ISBN
3529:2021
3504:2021
3496:WDET
3474:2021
3452:2021
3422:ISBN
3406:2021
3379:2021
3346:2021
3320:ISBN
3302:Mojo
3292:2020
3266:ISBN
3247:ISBN
3227:2021
3205:2021
3183:2021
3154:2021
3146:Prog
3132:2021
3112:2021
3080:2021
3052:2021
3010:ISBN
2988:2021
2961:2021
2941:2021
2921:2021
2901:2021
2881:2021
2850:ISBN
2833:2021
2825:Spin
2811:2021
2777:ISBN
2734:ISBN
2708:ISBN
2687:2021
2659:ISBN
2642:2021
2620:2021
2598:2021
2590:WDET
2551:ISBN
2520:ISBN
2507:2021
2469:2021
2443:2021
1596:and
1486:Mojo
1417:and
1301:Spin
1294:and
1286:and
1284:Seal
1249:and
1235:Sade
1183:and
1174:pimp
1139:The
1089:and
830:KDIA
824:The
805:and
741:and
715:").
713:raps
705:jams
695:'s "
614:and
598:and
560:funk
558:and
556:soul
504:Love
447:folk
445:and
425:and
357:jazz
351:and
312:Sade
271:and
245:jazz
241:rock
235:and
210:rock
201:funk
199:and
197:soul
61:funk
56:Soul
3666:Pop
2698:".
1296:Joi
1176:).
1011:).
995:War
911:'s
901:'s
899:War
650:our
578:),
502:'s
437:".
377:pop
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