239:, was also proposed under the 2012 version of the NCWS-Kaliwa Dam Project, as part of a larger, integrated system. The proposed system was intended to be built in stages, with the approval of Laiban Dam subject to the success of the Kaliwa Low Dam. As a result, only stage one, involving Kaliwa Low Dam its attendant the water supply tunnel, were actually approved for construction during the administration of
280:, Dumagat-Remontado communities said that 10,000 people are "adversely affected" by the project. Dumagat-Remontado groups said that the project violates their ancestral domain rights and puts natural resources and biodiversity at risk. Deforestation caused by the project will also reduce the Sierra Madre Mountain Range's ability to mitigate climate change, they said.
211:, as well as a water supply tunnel, and the attendant infrastructure for these structures. The proposed Kaliwa Low Dam design had a 600 million-liters-a-day (MLD) capacity, and the water supply tunnel has a 2,400-MLD capacity. Had it been built, the Kaliwa Low Dam was expected to ease the demand on the
283:
The dam was originally proposed to be built at the Laiban Dam site in Tanay, Rizal, but was later disapproved because a dam in Tanay would submerge a larger area. The site downstream in Quezon
Province was approved instead, with the areas in Tanay and Teresa becoming sites for the upstream reservoir
192:
Also in 2009, Osaka-based
Japanese company Global Utility Development Corporation submitted an unsolicited proposal for what was called the Kaliwa Intake Weir Project, which would have seen the creation of a 7-meter, 550 MLD Weir at the Kaliwa site, instead of a dam. At the instructions of President
84:
The Laiban site where the project is supposed to be built is a
Barangay of municipality of Tanay in the province of Rizal, east of Metro Manila. It contains he 180 ha Laiban sub-watershed, a microbasin of the bigger Kaliwa Watershed, nestled in the southeastern portion of the Sierra Madre Mountain
272:
Various leftist, Indigenous peoples, and environmental groups have voiced concerns regarding the project, with some alleging that the government bypassed various social and environmental regulations to complete the dam within the current administration. Proponents of the dam state that the project
75:
The terrain is generally mountainous, surrounded by slopes > 50%, consisting partly of forested hills and partly of cultivated land, with some slash and burn cultivation (kaingin) areas present. Its elevation is from 220 masl (meters above sea level) to 1,530 masl. A number of small creeks run
68:
The Kaliwa
Watershed forms part of the Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor (SMBC), and has been identified by the Southern Sierra Madre Wildlife Center of the Environmental Studies Institute of Miriam College as one of the SMBC's 14 priority biodiversity conservation sites. It is described as "an
96:
The other proposed site for the dam and reservoir is further east and downstream on the east-flowing Kaliwa river, located in the
Barangays of Pagsanjan in the town of General Nakar and Magsaysay in the town of Infanta. Proposals for the construction of this downstream dam still involves the
59:
Dams have been proposed on two separate locations within the Kaliwa River watershed: one upstream in Tanay, Rizal, which is sometimes called the "Laiban Dam", and another
Downstream, in Quezon Province. Both have been referred to as the Kaliwa Dam, but since 2012, the Quezon site is the one
218:
In 2015, two consortia were pre-qualified to bid for the undertaking of the Kaliwa Dam project — the SMC-K Water
Consortium, which is a partnership between San Miguel Holdings Corp. and Korea Water Resources Corp.; and the Abeima-Datem Consortium, which is a partnership between Albeinsa
292:
The tunnel boring machines for the dam were revealed on June 2, 2021. The project had its groundbreaking on June 29, 2021. Excavation works for the dam is scheduled to begin in
December 2021, to be done by a joint venture of MWSS and China Energy Engineering Corporation (CEEC).
222:
When the project had not moved forward by the time Aquino administration ended, the succeeding
Duterte administration decided not to pursue the Kaliwa Low Dam plan. The administration pursued a bigger dam instead, with funds to be obtained through an
117:
During that time, however, the
Philippine economy had gone into rapid decline because Marcos' debt driven deficit spending made the Philippines vulnerable when the United States increased its interest rates in the third quarter of 1981. The ensuing
50:
people who consider the area part of their ancestral lands, these projects have been controversial and have thus been alternatingly approved, deferred, cancelled, and reapproved by the Philippine Government at different times since the late 1970s.
114:. However, instructed the MWSS to look for alternative sites. The MWSS identified the Kaliwa River basin to be the most viable alternative, and began the first World Bank feasibility study on the damming of the Kaliwa river in 1979.
269:, would replace the 2012 proposal with a full-sized dam, which would be negotiated using bilateral agreements. However, the project would continue to use the name "New Centennial Water Source-Kaliwa Dam Project."
858:
959:
72:
In 1999 the Kaliwa Watershed, evaluated at the time as "degraded due to anthropogenic pressures", was classified as a protected area under the National Integrated Protected Areas System.
987:
207:
The New Centennial Water Source-Kaliwa Dam Project was a water project proposed by the Philippine Government in 2012, whose main component was the construction of the Kaliwa Low Dam in
597:
184:
submitted an unsolicited proposal for the building of a dam in Laiban, but public opinion at the thought of higher water rates led to the project once again being shelved in 2010.
110:
The history of projects on the Kaliwa River watershed began with the conception of the Manila Water Supply III project in November 1979 during the administration of President
850:
69:
important wildlife habitat that contains dipterocarp trees, a wide array of birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles, some of which are threatened and endemic species."
442:
924:
814:
731:
1031:
119:
46:
Due to controversies regarding the project's environmental impact and its potential effect on local communities, notably including a community of
880:
655:
335:
494:. The Sixteenth Annual International Sustainable Development Research Conference, 30 May - 1 June 2010 (Conference Proceedings). Hong Kong.
35:, on the upper portion of the Kaliwa River Watershed to which the Laiban Dam belongs, and the projects have thus often been referred to as
904:
589:
636:
619:
256:
150:
822:
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management Division, Environmental Management Bureau, Government of the Republic of the Philippines
757:
566:
486:
193:
Aquino, this proposal was explored again in 2017, after the approval of the New Centennial Water Source-Kaliwa Dam Project by NEDA
340:"P85B MWSS project: Same river in Tanay but different plan: Gov't to undertake project to head off possible water shortage in NCR"
149:
took over in 1992, it continued conducting studies for the development of a Kaliwa dam, but these remained just proposals as the
394:
339:
499:
688:
252:
1011:
531:
1081:
277:
169:
123:
457:
1012:"TUNNEL BORING MACHINE (TBM) FOR THE KALIWA DAM PROJECT READY TO ROLL | METROPOLITAN WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM"
825:
790:
1071:
224:
126:, led to slow development of the Laiban dam project until Marcos was forced out of office and into exile by the
262:
1042:
127:
273:
would bring various security and tourism benefits, while alleviating the water shortage in Metro Manila.
137:
reviewed the project and determined that costs had ballooned so high that the project had to be shelved.
925:"Analysis | Two of China's Belt and Road projects reveal a flaw in the G-7′s new global financing plan"
758:"New Starts: Closing 6 Blocks in D.C., Planning K.C. Streetcars From Afar, Manila's New Water Supply"
536:
344:
312:
165:
815:"EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FOR THE PUBLIC (ESP) New Centennial Water Source (NCWS) - Kaliwa Dam Project"
1076:
181:
23:
have been proposed by the Philippine Government since the 1970s, with the intent of relieving
960:"Water outage in Metro Manila expected to end as Philippines-China dam project breaks ground"
443:"Floral survey of Laiban sub-watershed in the Sierra Madre Mountain Range in the Philippines"
243:. The dam would not be included in the new NCWS plan under the succeeding administration.
8:
505:
240:
97:
placement of conveyance tunnels and reservoir areas in the upstream Tanay, Rizal site.
932:
795:
BusinessWorld | The most trusted source of Philippine business news and analysis
495:
405:
47:
851:"How Duterte Strong-Armed Chinese Dam-Builders But Weakened Philippine Institutions"
488:
Laiban Dam Project: Interlocking Ethics, Values and People in a Philippine Watershed
111:
105:
1037:
988:"Dumagat-Remontado folk to UN: China violated human rights in Kaliwa Dam project"
266:
202:
134:
88:
Barangays on the site also serve as home to the Indigenous Remontado Dumagats.
1065:
936:
21:
bulk water supply projects on the upper portion of the Kaliwa River Watershed
881:"A Philippine tribe that defeated a dam prepares to fight its reincarnation"
404:. Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. July 2009. Archived from
208:
154:
60:
distinguished as "Kaliwa Dam" when the two sites are both being discussed.
32:
24:
732:"China will make Philippines dam a reality, after four decades of protest"
713:
456:(1). Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation: 1–14. Archived from
146:
140:
31:. Most of these have focused on a particular site in Barangay Laiban in
236:
76:
through the lower slopes, all eventually connecting to the main river.
791:"Integrated PPP vs Hybrid PPP: The case of Kaliwa Dam - BusinessWorld"
43:, although multiple projects have been referred to using either name.
765:
675:
Kasaysayan, The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9:A Nation Reborn
302:
212:
28:
656:"Marcos plundered to 'protect' the economy? Makes no economic sense"
307:
158:
620:"The best of times? Data debunk Marcos's economic 'golden years'"
161:
took over the servicing of water in the National Capital Region.
673:
Magno, Alexander R., ed. (1998). "Democracy at the Crossroads".
611:
106:
Manila Water Supply III project during the Marcos administration
79:
230:
168:
was able to get funding for Laiban Dam approved. However, the
175:
1024:
689:"IN THE KNOW: The New Centennial Water Source Project"
523:
441:
Villegas, Karl L.; Pollisco, Filiberto A. Jr. (2008).
844:
842:
840:
838:
714:"Japanese firm renews proposal on Kaliwa Dam project"
647:
637:"Martial law: costly lessons in economic development"
532:"Sierra Madre tribe asks Congress to stop Laiban dam"
141:
Proposals during the Ramos and Arroyo administrations
91:
16:
Proposed by the Philippine Government since the 1970s
567:"What You Need to Know About the Kaliwa Dam Project"
100:
905:"Coalition rejects China-funded Kaliwa Dam project"
369:
367:
365:
363:
187:
835:
219:Infraestructura Medio Ambiento S.A and Datem Inc.
681:
617:
1063:
440:
389:
387:
385:
360:
246:
666:
618:Guido, Edson Joseph; de los Reyes, Che (2017),
196:
122:, worsened by the political pressure after the
27:of its overdependence on the water supplied by
872:
629:
584:
582:
580:
677:. Hong Kong: Asia Publishing Company Limited.
540:. Makati City: Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc
484:
436:
434:
432:
430:
428:
426:
382:
80:The Laiban sub-watershed site in Tanay, Rizal
1032:"Kaliwa Dam excavation to start in December"
807:
450:Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation
231:2012 Laiban Low Dam proposal (NCWSP Phase 2)
653:
594:METROPOLITAN WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM
577:
257:Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System
151:Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System
986:Cabico, Gaea Katreena (January 25, 2024).
855:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
485:Crucio, Emmanuel; Parayno, Phares (2010).
423:
133:By 1989, the succeeding administration of
395:"Laiban Dam Project Chronology of Events"
376:Laiban Dam Project next on MWSS' PPP list
374:Añonuevo, Euan Paulo C. (June 11, 2014),
330:
328:
530:Mallari, Delfin T. Jr. (July 12, 2013).
480:
478:
373:
348:. Makati: Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc
215:, Manila's sole water storage facility.
788:
784:
782:
529:
334:
63:
1064:
985:
878:
561:
559:
557:
555:
325:
145:After the administration of President
981:
979:
954:
952:
848:
755:
672:
654:Punongbayan, JC (11 September 2017).
475:
235:A second dam further upstream, named
54:
779:
253:China Energy Engineering Corporation
176:2009 San Miguel Corporation proposal
153:was privatized, and concessionaires
552:
278:United Nations Human Rights Council
13:
976:
949:
172:forced the project to be shelved.
120:collapse of the Philippine economy
92:Downstream site in Quezon Province
14:
1093:
101:Previously discontinued proposals
284:and conveyance tunnels instead.
188:2009 Kaliwa Intake Weir proposal
1004:
917:
897:
861:from the original on 2021-06-15
749:
724:
706:
600:from the original on 2020-11-18
287:
225:official development assistance
164:In 2007, the administration of
124:assassination of Benigno Aquino
879:Chavez, Leilani (2019-11-05).
756:Smith, Sandy (June 23, 2014).
624:ABSCBN News and Public Affairs
1:
318:
247:Ongoing MWSS-CEEC dam project
1041:. 2021-06-07. Archived from
590:"Frequently Asked Questions"
197:2012 Kaliwa Low Dam proposal
128:1986 People Power Revolution
7:
885:Mongabay Environmental News
849:Camba, Alvin (2021-06-15).
789:bw_mark (7 November 2018).
296:
10:
1098:
1082:Sierra Madre (Philippines)
250:
200:
693:Philippine Daily Inquirer
537:Philippine Daily Inquirer
345:Philippine Daily Inquirer
261:A new proposal under the
736:South China Morning Post
662:. Ortigas Center, Pasig.
276:In a report to the
1072:Dams in the Philippines
313:Chico River Dam Project
166:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
824:. 2014. Archived from
182:San Miguel Corporation
338:(February 25, 2013).
170:ZTE broadband scandal
643:. 21 September 2009.
64:The Kaliwa Watershed
411:on August 20, 2013
241:Benigno Aquino III
55:Proposed dam sites
501:978-988-18934-1-3
378:, InterAksyon.com
48:Remontado Dumagat
1089:
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695:. March 14, 2019
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504:. Archived from
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482:
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463:on July 14, 2014
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112:Ferdinand Marcos
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992:Philippine Star
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929:Washington Post
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641:GMA News Online
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511:on 20 July 2014
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267:Rodrigo Duterte
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831:on 2021-01-22.
806:
778:
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723:
718:www.pna.gov.ph
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263:administration
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203:Kaliwa Low Dam
201:Main article:
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135:Corazon Aquino
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81:
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62:
56:
53:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1094:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1077:Proposed dams
1075:
1073:
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1069:
1067:
1060:
1045:on 2021-06-06
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336:Calleja, Nina
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38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1043:the original
1035:
1026:
1015:. Retrieved
1006:
995:. Retrieved
991:
967:. Retrieved
963:
940:. Retrieved
928:
919:
908:. Retrieved
899:
888:. Retrieved
884:
874:
863:. Retrieved
854:
826:the original
821:
809:
798:. Retrieved
794:
769:. Retrieved
762:nextcity.org
761:
751:
740:. Retrieved
738:. 2018-12-09
735:
726:
717:
708:
697:. Retrieved
692:
683:
674:
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659:
649:
640:
631:
623:
613:
602:. Retrieved
593:
570:
542:. Retrieved
535:
525:
513:. Retrieved
506:the original
487:
465:. Retrieved
458:the original
453:
449:
413:. Retrieved
406:the original
401:
375:
350:. Retrieved
343:
291:
288:Construction
282:
275:
271:
260:
234:
227:from China.
221:
217:
209:Tanay, Rizal
206:
191:
179:
163:
155:Manila Water
144:
132:
116:
109:
95:
87:
83:
74:
71:
67:
58:
45:
40:
36:
33:Tanay, Rizal
25:Metro Manila
20:
18:
147:Fidel Ramos
1066:Categories
1049:2021-06-18
1017:2021-07-03
997:2024-02-02
969:2021-07-03
942:2021-07-03
910:2019-08-20
890:2019-12-31
865:2021-06-18
800:2020-08-18
742:2018-12-10
699:2019-08-20
604:2021-06-21
319:References
251:See also:
237:Laiban dam
41:Kaliwa dam
37:Laiban dam
937:0190-8286
766:Next City
303:Angat Dam
213:Angat Dam
180:In 2009,
29:Angat Dam
964:The Star
859:Archived
771:June 30,
598:Archived
402:pcij.org
308:Wawa Dam
297:See also
159:Maynilad
19:Several
660:Rappler
571:SPOT.PH
544:July 2,
515:July 2,
467:July 2,
415:July 1,
352:July 1,
85:Range.
935:
498:
829:(PDF)
818:(PDF)
509:(PDF)
492:(PDF)
461:(PDF)
446:(PDF)
409:(PDF)
398:(PDF)
1036:The
933:ISSN
773:2014
546:2014
517:2014
496:ISBN
469:2014
417:2014
354:2014
255:and
157:and
39:or
1068::
1034:.
990:.
978:^
962:.
951:^
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927:.
883:.
857:.
853:.
837:^
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781:^
764:.
760:.
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639:.
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596:.
592:.
579:^
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384:^
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342:.
327:^
130:.
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893:.
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775:.
745:.
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702:.
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356:.
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